1. to Investigate the Period 3 Oxide

Sodium peroxide, Na2O2, is a strong oxidizer oxidizer and is the normal no rmal product when sodium is burned. It is hydrolyzed hydrolyzed by water to form sodium hydroxide and hydrogen peroxide. Sodium peroxide peroxide is very soluble in water and it release heat when react with water and form alali solution. Na2O2 !s" # 2 $2O !l" % 2 NaO$ !a&" # $2O2 !a&" 'agnesium oxide only slightly soluble in water and release very small amount of heat when react with water. water. (he solution form is slightly alaline which is magnesium hydroxide. 'gO !s" # $2O !l" % 'g!O$"2 !a&" )luminium oxide is very unreactive, it insoluble in water and doesn*t react simple way with water because the oxide ions of aluminium oxide held too strongly in the solid lattice. $owever, aluminium oxide is amphoteric, It has reactions as both a base and an acid. Silicon dioxide does not react with water and insoluble in water since it is covalent macromolecule structure structure which hard to brea up. +hosphorus !" oxide reacts vigorously with water to form acidic solution. It is soluble in water. It is exothermic reaction when react with water as it release heat and form phosphoric acid. +-O/ !s" # 0$2O !l" % -$1+O- !a&" hlorine oxide soluble in water and form acidic solution when react with water. water. It produces chlorine !I" acid which also called hypochlorous acid. l2O !g" # $2O!l" 3 2$Ol !a&"  (he trend in structure structure of period 1 oxide oxide is divided in three three part which the 4rst part is the metallic oxides containing containing metal ions and oxide ion which is Na2O2, 'gO and )l2O1. (here have high melting and boiling points due to strong attraction between oppositely charged ions that needed a lot of energy to brea the ionic bond. Na2O2 and 'gO can conduct electricity because they ionizes in water to form free mobile of ion either in molten state or a&ueous solution while )l2O1 only conduct electricity in molten state. (he second part is giant covalent oxide !silicon dioxide" dioxide" in the middle of the period 1 that formed by three di5erent di5erent crystal. (here is very high melting and boiling points as there are many strong covalent bonds which needed lots of energy to brea. Silicon dioxide doesn6t have any mobile electrons or ions, so it doesn6t conduct electricity in any physical state. (he last part is simple molecular oxides consist of +-O/ and l2O which have

low melting and boiling points due to wea van der waals forces between molecules can brea down easily. (he absence of free mobile of ion mae them cannot conduct electricity in either molten or a&ueous state. 7ater forms strong bases with Na2O2 and 'gO, amphoteric action with )l2O1 while no e5ect on SiO2 and acids produced with +-O/, l2O. (he acid8base nature of period 1 oxide can be identify through neutralization. Na2O2 or 'gO react with any acid solution which is $l will produce salt and water. 2Na2O2 !s" # -$l !a&"  -Nal !s" # 2$2O!l" # O2!g" 'gO !s" # 2$l !a&"  'gl2 !s" # $2O!l" 

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)l2O1 can be dissolves in both dilute acid or alaline solution to form salt and water. )l2O1!s" # 0$NO1!a&" )l2O1!s" # 2NaO$!a&"

 2)l!NO1"1 !s" # $2O!l"  2Na)lO2 !s" # $2O!l"

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Oxide of silicon, phosphorus and chlorine are acidic oxide. (hey react with alaline solution to form salt and water. SiO2!s" # 2NaO$!a&"  Na2SiO1!s" # $2O!l" +-O/!s" # 2 NaO$!a&"  -Na1+O-!s" # 0 $2O!l" l2O!g" # 2NaO$!a&"  2NalO!a&" # $2O!l" 

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When carry out the experiment, the lower meniscus of measuring cylinder is read in case of distilled water. Our eyes are perpendicular to the reading of measuring cylinder to avoid  parallax error. (he solution must be mixed at e&uivalent temperature to avoid temperature changes in the solution which will a5ect the 4nal result. A thermometer is used to measure the final temperature of solution and glass rod is used to stir the mixture continuously at the same time to get the accurate value, it is not encouraged to

shae the mixture of solution to avoid spilled out of hazard solution.