1. PARTS OF SPEECH, SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER

1. PARTS OF SPEECH 

En Inglés Inglés existe existen n 8 tipos tipos de compon component entes es gramat gramatica icales les o clases clases de palabras (Parts of Speech). La function que cada palabra cumple dentro de una frase determina su clase o categoría gramatical (part of speech)



Una misma palabra puede cumplir más de una función en diferentes contextos, y, por lo tanto, pertenecen a más de una clase; ejemplos:

We often study geography together.(verb) together.(verb) He drew a picture picture of the sea. sea. (noun) (noun) He has a large desk in his study (noun) Can you picture me as an acrobat? (verb) We finished finished our work in study study hall.(adj) hall.(adj) Our picture picture window window is cracked cracked.. (adj) (adj)

2. ORDEN DE LAS PALABRAS

The world’s largest digital library

Try Scribd FREE for 30 days to access over 125 million titles without ads or interruptions! Start Free Trial Cancel Anytime.





2.1. LA ORACIÓN SIMPLE: Estructura: En Inglés, no existen formas diferentes para los sujetos y los complementos, por ese motivo, para distinguirlos debemos ceñirnos al orden de las palabras, ya que de dicho orden depende el significado de la oración. Los partes partes de la oraci oración ón son: son: sujeto sujeto,, ver verbo, bo, objeto objeto,, comple compleme mento nto y adverbiales. Hay 5 estructuras principales principales que usamos para formar una oración oración simple: 1.

SUJ SUJ

VERB VERB

My arms 2.

SUJ

are aching

VERB

I

OBJ

need

Five people

a rest.

are moving

the piano

El sujeto y el objeto pueden ser pronombres (I ) o sustantivos ( the piano)

3.

SUJ

VERB VERB

This piano It

COMP COMPL

is

heavy

was

a big problem

El complemento puede ser un adjetivo (heavy ) o un sintagma nominal (a big problem ). El complemento va, normalmente detrás del verbo be, aunque también puede ir detrás de los verbos appear, become, get, feel, look, seem, stay o sound.

4.

SUJ SUJ

VERB VERB

It Their house

is is

ADV ADV on my foot nearby

Un adverbial puede ser una frase preposicional (on my foot ) o un adverbio ( nearby )

5.

It

‘s giving

me

SUJ

backache.

VERB VERB

OBJ

OBJ





2.2. ORACIONES AFIRMATIVAS El orden habitual de las oraciones afirmativas es:

SUJ I

V RB told

OBJ1 you

OBJ2 the story

MODO

LUGAR

secretly

TIEMPO

at school

yesterday

2.2.1. Posición de los adverbiales (complementos circunstanciales) circunstanciales) a.

Adverbios de modo: (slowly, carefully, etc.)

Se sitúan detrás del OBJ, o del VERBO si no hay OBJ

He drove his car carefully He drove carefully b.

Adverbios de lugar: (here, there, venid, etc.)

También se ponen detrás del OBJ o VERBO

I didn’t see him here He stayed behind c.

Adverbios de tiempo: (recently, now, yesterday)

Normalmente van al final de la oración,

I will tell you the story tomorrow Si no queremos poner énfasis en el tiemp, podemos ponerlo al principio de la oración:

Tomorrow,, I will tell you the story Tomorrow d.

Adverbios de frecuencia: (often, usually, always, etc.)

Se ponen directamente delante del verbo principal.

I often go swimming on Sundays Si el verbo es be, los adverbios se sitúan detrás de éste.

We are usually here in the summers

2.3. ORACIONES NEGATIVAS Las oraciones negativas siguen el mismo orden que las afirmativas pero incluyendo un auxiliar o partícula negativa en el verbo:

SUJ V RB TIEMPO

OBJ1

OBJ2

MODO

LUGAR





2.4. ORACIONES INTERROGATIVAS Las oraciones interrogativas también siguen el orden SVO pero, normalmente, ponemos un verbo auxiliar delante del sujeto. Si utilizamos partículas interrogativas (palabras WH: what, when, where, who, etc), estas irán siempre situadas al principio de la oración

WH

AUX

SUJ

V RB

O1

O2

M

What

did

you

do

-

-

-

-

Did

you

like

L -

T yesterday ?

the film ?

Normalmente no usamos auxiliares cuando preguntamos por el sujeto, en este caso, la partícula interrogativa simplemente ocupa el lugar del sujeto.

Who asked the question?





ACTIVITIES Parts of the sentence 1.

Mike and Harriet are on holiday. They have written a postcard to

David and Melanie. Look at each underlined phrase and say what part of the sentence it is: subject, verb, object, complement or adverbial. ►

We're having a great time. object

1 The weather is marvellous.

4 We're on a farm.

2 We really enjoy camping.

5 We like this place.

3 It's great fun.

6 The scenery is beautiful.

2. For each underlined word in the following sentences, identify and then write the part of speech on the line next to the number. 1. They attended the concert last weekend.

6. I wanted a peanut butter and jelly

2. Several cats ran into Rob’s garage.

sandwich for lunch yesterday.

3. The truck driver delivered the packages

7. She was counting the ballots during

quickly.

social studies class.

4. Fast runners won all the awards at the

8. Hey ! That is my seat.

track meet.

9. Will they finish the test on time?

5. My friends and I walked home after school.

10. The diagram was pretty complicated

Sentence structure 3. After moving the piano, the five five friends had a rest rest and a cup of tea. Look at this part of their conversation and then write the letters a)- e) in the correct place. a David: That was a difficult job.

►

b Tom: I agree.

1 Subject + verb + object

…….

c Mike: I'm on my deathbed.

2 Subject + verb + complement

…….

d David: They should give us a medal.

3 Subject + verb + adverbial

…….

e Harriet: I've made some more tea.

4 Subject + verb + object + object

…....

Subject + verb

b

Word order 4. ►

Put the words in the correct order and write the statements.

is / Melanie / very nice

1 football / likes / Tom 2 an accident / David / had

Melanie is very nice. ….………………………………………………………………………………… …………..………………………………………………………………………..











1. PARTS OF SPEECH, SENTENCE STRUCTURE AND WORD ORDER

Recommend Documents