BIOLOGY
6
FOOD RESOURCES
CHAPTER
3. CROP SEASONS : Contents
(A) Kharif Season Crops :
Introduction
Manures and Fertilizers Mixed Farming & Cropping Animal Husbandry Fish Production
These crops are grown during the rainy season from the month of June to October , e.g., Paddy (rice), soyabean.
(B) Rabi Season Crops :
These crops are grown during the winter reason from the month of November to April. e.g. wheat, gram, peas.
Crop rotation can be defined as the practice of growing of different crops on a piece of land in a preplanned succession.
Bee Keeping
4. MANURES AND FERTILIZERS :: 1. INTRODUCTION ::
For their existence, all living organisms essentially require the food.
Food is required for growth, development and body repair.
Food supplies proteins, carbohydrates, fats (lipids) and vitamins, minerals and water to our body.
2. HUMANS DEPEND ON PLANTS AND ANIMALS FOR FOOD : Autotrophs :
4.1 Manures :
Manure are organic substances obtained from the decomposition of animal wastes, like cow dung and vegetable wastes by the action of microbes.
Types of Manures – Manures FYM
Those organisms (non green plants and all animals) which cannot synthesize their own food are called heterotrophs.
Green manuring
(A) Farmyard Manure (FYM) –
It is formed by the decomposition of a mixture of cattle excreta (dung), urine of cattle, litter and roughage.
By the action of micro-organisms all these materials decompose and are used as farmyard manure (FYM).
Among all living organisms, only green plants are autotrophs. i.e., they make their own food.
Heterotrophs :
Compost
BIOLOGY (B) Compost :
(B) Phosphatic Fertilizers :
Compost is a biological process in which the above mentioned organic matter is decomposed by both aerobic and anaerobic micro-organisms.
(C) Green Manuring :
The practice of green manuring includes growing turning or ploughing and mixing of green crops with soil to improve physical structure and soil fertility.
Green manures may include both leguminous and non leguminous plants.
4.2 Fertilizers :
Fertilizers are the sources of plant nutrients manufactured commercially from chemicals. They are inorganic or organic compounds containing necessary plant nutrients such as nitrogen, phosphorus and potassium. The chemical substance which can be used as a fertilizer must have the following characteristics:
It must be soluble in water.
It should be easily assimilated by plants.
It should be fairly stable.
It should not be injurious to plants.
It should not disturb pH of the soil.
It should be cheap.
Fertilizers are classified according to the element (N, P or K) which they supply to the soil.
(A) Nitrogeneous fertilizers (B) Phosphatic fertilzers (C) Potash fertilizers
Calcium superphosphate Nitrophosphate Triple phosphate Phosphatic slag (C) Potash Fertilizers :
The important nitrogenous compounds used as fertilizers are :
Ammonium sulphate, (NH4)2SO4 Calcium cyanamide, CaCN2 Calcium ammonium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, NH4NO3 Basic calcium nitrate, Ca(NO3)2, CaO Urea, (NH2–CO–NH2)
Potassium nitrate, potassium chloride and potassium sulphate are used as fertilizers.
(D) NPK Fertilizers :
Fertilizers containing N, P and K in suitable adjusted proportions are known as NPK fertilizers. These are obtained by mixing nitrogenous, phosphatic and potash fertilizers in suitable proportions.
6. NUTRIENTS :: The food required by plant is composed of certain elements, which are known as nutrients.
6.1 Important Function of an Essential Plant Nutrient :
In the absence of the element the plant is not able to complete its life cycle.
The deficiency of a particular element can be prevented or corrected only by supplying that nutrient.
The element must have a direct influence on the plant nutrition and metabolism.
(D) NPK fertilizers
(A) Nitrogenous Fertilizers :
The minerals of phosphorus such as phosphorite, [Ca3(PO4)2] and apatire, [3Ca3(PO4)2· CaF2] are sparingly soluble in water and thus do not serve as source of phosphorus for plants. These are, therefore, converted into soluble materials which can act as good fertilizers. The important phosphatic fertilizers are :
6.2 Classification of Nutrients : On the basis of quantities required, the 13 nutrients needed for plant growth.
BIOLOGY (A) Macronutrients :
The essential elements, which are utilized by plants relatively in large quantities, are called major nutrients (macro-nutrients).
Eg. N, P, K, Ca, Mg, Sm.
The combination of the systems of producing crops and maintaining benefits from both systems is called mixed farming.
7.1 Important Mixed Farming Systems :
Some of the important mixed farming systems are.
(B) Micronutrients :
(A) Food Fodder Farming System –
The essential elements which are used by plants in small quantities are called micro-nutrients (minor-nutrients).
Eg. Fe, Mg, B, Zn, Cu, Mo, Cl.
(B) Agro Forestry System –
6.3 Improving Crop Yields :
The major group of activity for improving crop yields can be classified as
Crop variety improvement
Crop Variety Improvement :
The improved varieties as seed is the vital input in agricultural practices in gaining higher yields.
If a crop variety has inferior characters like.
This system includes mixed farming of desired crops with trees.
(C) Horti Pastoral System –
Crop production improvement Crop protection management
This system involves mixed farming of food and fodder crops eg. - wheat, maize, rice etc.
In this system, fodder grasses are grown along with the fruit trees.
8. MIXED CROPPING ::
The process of mixing seeds of two or more different crops and then sowing then in the same field is called mixed cropping.
Example of mixed cropping -
(a) Susceptibility to diseases and pests.
(a) Wheat + mustard
(b) Low responsiveness to fertilizers and irrigation.
(b) Maize + urad
(c) Least adaptability then the existing variety.
(c) Arhar + mung
6.4 Incorporation of New Genes :
The variety needs incorporation of new genes from other genotypes for superior characters.
These characters include -
(d) Ground nut + sunflower
8.1 Advantages of Mixed Cropping :
There is lesser risk of total crop failure because if one crop fails, then the other crop helps the farmers to overcome his loss.
Farmers get a variety of products for their family by growing crops under the mixed cropping system, e.g. cereals, pulses, fodder and vegetables may be grown simultaneously.
(a) Resistance to diseases and pests. (b) Response to various inputs like irrigation, fertilizers etc. (c) Resistance to drought and frost. (d) Better quality (e) Higher yield.
7. MIXED FARMING ::
A tract of land meant for the production of crops, livestock or poultry is called a farm and the phenomenon is called farming.
8.2 Intercropping :
Intercropping is a special type of mixed cropping in which two or more crops are grown simultaneously in the same field following a definite row pattern.
BIOLOGY 8.3 Differences between mixed cropping and intercropping : Mixed cropping
Intercropping
1 Marketing of only mixed produce is possible
Produce of each crop can be marketed separately
2 It is difficult to apply pesticides to individual crop
Pesticides can be applied easily to the individual crop
3 Prior to sowing, the seeds of two crops are mixed 4 There is no set pattern of rows
Seeds of two crops are not mixed before sowing
Crop rotation helps in replenishment of soil fertility.
It prevents depletion of selective nutrients.
It prevents building up of diseases and pests of particular crop.
It enhances the production by increasing soil fertility.
The growing of different crops on a piece of land in a pre-planned succession is called crop rotation.
Manures affect the soil in following three ways :
The manures enrich the soil with nutrients. They replenish the general deficiency of nutrients in the soil. Since manures contain nutrients in small quantities, they are needed to be applied in large quantities.
The manures add organic matter (called humus) to the soil which restores the soil texture for better retention of water and for aeration of soil. For example, organic matter present in the manures increases the water holding capacity in sandy soils and drainage in clayey soil
The organic matter of manures provide food for the soil organisms (decomposers such as bacteria, fungi, etc.) which help in making nutrients available to plants.
Thus, organ is manures help to improve the physical properties of soil, reduce soil erosion, increase the moisture holding capacity of soil and above all these advantages, they are low cost nutrient carriers.
(a) One year rotation Maize - Mustard
2.
Rice - Wheat
(b) Two years rotation 1.
Maize - Mustard-Sugarcane - Fenugreek
2.
Maize - Potato- Sugarcane - Peas
(c) Three years rotation 1.
Rice - Wheat - Mung - Mustard
2.
Sugarcane - Berseem
3.
Cotton - Oat - Sugarcane - Peas - Maize Wheat
9.1 Selection of Crops of Rotation :
Source of moisture (through rain or irrigation).
Status of nutrients in the soil.
Availability of inputs (such as fertilizers, pesticides, man power and machine power).
Duration of crop short or long
Marketing and processing facilities.
Manures are natural fertilizers. They are bulky sources of organic matter which supply nutrients in small quantities but organic matter in large quantities. Manures include farmyard manure (FYM). Compost, green manures, vermicompost, etc.
Advantages of Manures :
Depending upon the duration, crop rotation may be of following three types : 1.
the
9.3 Organic Farming :
A pattern of rows is observed
9. CROP ROTATION ::
9.2 Advantages of Crops Rotation :
10. CROP PROTECTION MANAGEMENT
During the cultivation, crops are infested with a different variety of pest.
BIOLOGY
Pest are “Those organisms which causes great economic loss by damaging crop plants or products obtained from them is called a pest”. There are different methods of controlling of the pest like -
(a) Pesticides or biocides (for killing the pest) (b) Insecticides (for killing the insects) (c) Fungicides (for killing the fungi)
Borer Insects :
11.2 Methods of Insect Pest Control :
The root cutting type of insects can be controlled by mixing insecticide in the soil.
The stem and leaf cutting and boring type of insects can be controlled by dusting or spraying the contact insecticides. eg., malathion, lindane.
The sap sucking insects can be controlled by spraying systemic insecticides.
11. EXAMPLE OF WEEDS ::
Wild sorghum or Jangali jowar
Wild oat
Chaulai (Amaranthus viridis)
Bathua (Chenopodium album)
Xanttrium (gokhroo)
Parthenium (Gajar ghas)
Cyprinius rotundus (motha)
11.1 Methods of Weed Control :
The process of removing weeds from a crop field is called weeding.
Weeds can be controlled by following methods (a) Mechanical methods
12. DISEASE CONTROL ::
A wide variety of plant pathogens such as bacteria, viruses and fungi, exist in our environment.
Pest infect and cause serious diseases in our crops.
The diseases caused by these pathogens include blast in paddy (rice), rust in wheat, red rot in sugarcane.
Based on the mode of transmission, plant diseases are of following four types -
(b) Culture methods (c) Chemical control (d) Biological control
Insect Pest Control :
Based on the mode of attack, the insect pests are of following three types :
Chewing Insects :
They cut and chew root, stem and leaves of the plants with the help of their chewing type of mouth parts. e.g., grass hoppers, locusts, caterpillars, grubs etc.
Sucking Insects :
They suck the cell sap from different parts of the plants with the help of piercing and sucking mouth parts. eg. Aphids, leaf hoppers, plant bugs, etc.
They bore and enter different plant parts, and feed on the plant tissues eg. Sugarcane borer, pod borers, cotton ball weevil, grain weevils, etc.
12.1 Seed Borne Diseases :
The diseases which spread through seeds are called seed borne diseases, e.g., loose smut of wheat, leaf spot of rice.
12.2 Soil Borne Diseases :
The soil borne diseases mostly affect roots and stems of crop plants, e.g., smut of bajra, tikka disease of groundnut.
12.3 Air Borne Diseases :
The air diseases attack all aerial parts of the plants like leaves, flowers and fruits. e.g., rust of wheat, blast of rice.
12.4 Water Borne Diseases :
The diseases which are transmitted through water are termed as water borne diseases. e.g., bacterial blight of rice.
BIOLOGY 13. STORAGE OF GRAINS ::
Proper and safe storage of food grains is necessary to ensure their availability throughout the year.
The various factors that contributes to this loss can be placed into two categories -
13.1 Biotic Factor :
Such as insects, rodents (e.g., squirrel, rat), birds (e.g., sparrow, crow, pigeon), fungi, mites and bacteria.
13.2 Abiotic Factor :
Such as moisture content and temperature.
Higher temperature (i.e., 30 – 32ºC) of stored grains make them liable to decay.
The various types of damages caused by the above factors include (a) Infestation in insects, (b) Degradation in quality, (c) Loss in weight, (d) Poor germinability, (e) Discolouration of produce (f) Poor marketability
14. ANIMAL HUSBANDRY ::
The study of the breeding, feeding and caring of domestic animals is called animal husbandry.
Just as to cultivation of crops requires special care in the form of irrigation and application of fertilizers and pesticides, the production and management of live stock require definite planning for their shelter, nutrition, breeding, disease control and proper economic utilization.
The milk producing females are called milch animals.
Those used for farm labour are called drought animals.
14.2 Milk Producing Animals or Milch Animals: (A) Breeds of Cow :
The types of breeds of dairy cows -
Indigenous breeds Ex. - Sahiwal, Gir.
Exotic breeds (foreign breeds) Ex - Jersey, Brown-swiss.
Improved breeds / Cross breeds
Cattle faring is also called 'Cattle Husbandry'.
In our country cattle husbandry is done for two purposes for milk and drought labour for agricultural work.
breeds),
In India, improved breeds of dairy cows have been developed at National Dairy Research Institute (NDRI). Ex. Karan swiss.
(B) Breeds of buffaloes :
The important breeds of buffaloes with high yield of milk are the as follows :
Murrah, Mehsana, Surti.
14.3 Shelter and Feeding Management of Milch Animals :
For the production of cleans milk.
For the health of the animal.
The food eaten by animals is called feed. Feeding of animal means to provide food to animal. The food requirement of dairy animals is of two types : (a) Maintenance requirements (b) Milk producing requirements
The animal feed includes two types of substances :
(A) Roughage :
Animal based farming includes cattle, goat, sheep, poultry and fish farming.
14.1 Cattle Farming :
(Indian
It largely contains fibers such as green fodder, silage, hay (straw of cereals) and legumes (e.g., berseem, cow pea and agathi)
(B) Concentrates :
The concentrates used in feed of cattle and buffaloes are a mixture of substances which are rich in one or more of the nutrients (e.g., carbohydrates, fats, protein, minerals and vitamins).
BIOLOGY 14.4 Diseases of Cattle :
Cows and buffaloes suffer from various diseases.
The diseases adversely affect the production of milk and cause mortality of sick animals.
Diseases of dairy animals are broadly classified into following three categories :
15.1 Poultry Breeds : (A) Indigenous Breeds :
Aseel or Indian game bird is one of the indigenous breed of fowl. It is most popular breed of India and selected for poultry farming.
There occur only four popular varieties of Aseel, namely :
(A) Parasitic Diseases :
The parasites of cattle may be both external and internal parasites, the external parasites include fleas, lice (blood-sucking lice), ticks and mite.
(a) Peela (golden red),
(B) Infectious Diseases :
(b) Yakub (black and red)
Infectious diseases are mainly caused by viruses and bacteria.
Examples of Viral Disease : Foot and mouth disease, cow pox or vaccinia and rinderpest.
(c) Nurie (white) (d) Kajal (black)
(B) Exotic Breeds :
Examples of Bacterial Diseases :
Anthrax, Hemorrhagic, septicemia, Black quarter.
The common symptoms of sick animals are as follows :
The animal shows loss of appetite (stops eating)
Milk yielding animals produce less milk.
The animal becomes inactive (does not do the work), looks tired and remains isolated.
The animal moves slowly or limps.
The eyes of animal become red.
14.6 Prevention of Animal Diseases :
The animals should be kept in good shelters; this reduces the risk of diseases.
The animals should get regular bathing.
The animals having any disease should be kept isolated.
Vaccines are also available against most diseases.
Though there are present numerous exotic breeds of fowl, but the following two are most popularly used in India. (a) White leghorn
14.5 Symptoms of Sick Animals :
An egg laying poultry is called egger or layer and the poultry reared for obtaining meat is called chicken or broiler.
(b) Rhode island red (c) Cross breed
15.2 Poultry Diseases :
The poultry birds suffer from various diseases caused by virus (Fowl pox, Ranikhet), bacteria (Tuberculosis, Cholera, Diarrhoea), fungi (Aspergillosis), parasite (worms, mites, lice), etc.
16. FISH PRODUCTION ::
Capture fishing i.e., obtaining fishes from natural resources.
Culture fishery i.e., fish farming.
The fishes which are obtained from island water bodies such as ponds, lakes, rivers and streams are called fresh water fishes Ex- labeo, while those obtained from sea are called marine fish Ex Harpodon (Bombay duck), Mackerel, bhetki, pomfret, Tuna, sardine.
15. POULTRY ::
16.1 Composite Fish Farming :
Poultry provides the best source of animal protein and fats.
The intensive fish farming can be done in composite fish culture systems.
BIOLOGY
In such a system, a combination of five or six fish species are grown in a single fish pond.
For example catla are surface feeders, Rohu feed in the middle zone of the pond, and common carps are bottom feeders and Grass carps feed on the weeds. Such farming increases the fish yield.
(B) Exotic Variety : A. mellifera (Italian bee)
Lac Culture –
17. BEE KEEPING :: 17.1
Apiculture – Care and Management of Honeybees :
Human beings obtain many commercial products from insects like honeybees. This is known as Apiculture.
Honey has great importance for human beings because of its medicinal value, specially in disorders related to digestion, dysentery, vomiting and liver ailments.
Bee farms or apiaries are established for commercial production of honey.
Different varieties of bee are used for commercial production of honey.
(A) The Local Varieties of Bees : Apis cerana indica (commonly known as Indian bee). A. dorsata (the rock bee) and A.florae (little bee).
Human beings obtain commercial products from lac insects. Lac is secreted as a protective covering mostly by the females. The encrustation is scraped and processed to obtain lac. Lac is a resinous secretion of Laccifer lacca or lac insect which feeds on the sap of a number of forest trees
Seri Culture –
If commercial product like silk are obtained from silkworms. Silk is fibrous secretion which is secreted by caterpillar over it during coccon formation. Common silk is Mulberry silk. Mullberry silk is obtained from Bombyx mori which feeds on leaves of Mulberry (Morus alba). Mulberry specially grown for silkworm is called Moriculture.
Pearl Culture –
Pearl is produced by members of phyllum mollusca. Pearl producing Indian variety is Pinctada vulgaris. Father of Pearl Industry is Kokichi Mikimoto.
BIOLOGY EXERCISE - 1
A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS.
D. FILL IN THE BLANKS
Q.1
Write full form of NDRI.
Q.15
The poultry reared for meat is called .................
Q.2
Name any two exotic variety of cow.
Q.16
Plants get nutrients from air, water and .................
Q.3
Name improved breeds of cows.
Q.17
Aseel is a popular breed of ...............
Q.4
Write two infectious diseases each of cows, poultry.
Q.18
................. is the fastest growing carp.
Q.5
Name two varieties of Indian fresh water fish.
E. TRUE OR FALSE
B. SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS (About 30–40 words)
Q.19
Murrah is a high yielding breed of buffalo.
Q.20
Catla and rohu are examples of marine fish.
Q.6
Explain the objectives of mixed cropping ?
Q.21
The production and management of fish is called pisciculture.
Q.7
What are manures. What are the advantages of the use of manures ?
Q.22
Golden revolution is related to the increase in the production of milk.
Q.8
What are the benefits of cattle farming ?
Q.23
Q.9
How do storage grain losses occur ?
The broiler chicken are given more food to gain weight.
Q.10
Write a note on sericulture ?
Q.24
Carp is grown is Marine water.
Q.25
Compared to a female, a male fowl is bulkier.
C. LONG ANSWER TYPES QUESTIONS (More than 60–70 words) Q.11
Distinguish between : Mixed cropping and Inter cropping
Q.12
What is animal husbandary ? describe it ?
Q.13
What is crop rotation ? Given some advantages of crop totation.
Q.14
What is the meaning of comp osite fish culture ? Outline the significance of composite fish culture.
F. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Q.26
Induced breeding can be exploited to increase the production of (A) Camels (B) Horses (C) Fish (D) Cows
Q.27
Which of the following is the high milk yielding variety of cow (A) Holstein (B) Dorset (C) Sahiwal (D) Red Sindhi
BIOLOGY Q.28
The fungi disease causing maximum death of poultry bird is (A) Coryza (B) Pullorium (C) Rickets (D) Aspergillosis
Q.29
The Jersey bull used for cross breeding is exotic variety from (A) England (B) Scotland (C) Switzerland (D) Holland
Q.30
Rinderpest disease of poultry is caused by (A) Insects (B) Bacteria (C) Virus (D) Protozoa
Q.31
Inland fisheries is referred to (A) Culturing fish in freshwater (B) Trapping and captuting fishes from sea coast (C) Deep sea fisheries (D) Extration of oil from fishes
Q.32
Several embryos can be produced at a time in a single cow by the proces of (A) Hybridization (B) Artificial insemination (C) Embryo transfer (D) Random mating
Q.33
Murrah, surti and Mehsena are different breeds of (A) Cow (B) Buffaloes (C) Goat (D) Sheep
Q.34
Exotic breed of poultry bird having high egg laying capacity are – (A) White leghorn (B) Broiler (C) White cornish (D) New Hemisphere
4. 5. 6. Q.36
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. Q.37
1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
Fish Egg Food grains
d. e. f.
Yellow revolution Silver revolution Golden revolution
Match the column – Column - I Column - II (Diseases) (Animal effected) Foot and a. Fowl mouth diseases Ranikhet b. Hen Cholera c. Cow, bafallow Anthrax d. Poultry Fowl e. Cattle Match the column – Column - I Column - II (Diseases) (Causal organisms) Tuberculosis a. Rabies Aspergillosis b. Ringworms Viral diseases c. Anthrax Bacterial disease d. Ascariasis Fungia disease e. Aspergillus fumigatus Parasitic disease f. Tubercullosis bacteria
H. FILL THE BOX WITH APPROPRIATE WORD Q.38
Crops grown from June to Oct. –
Q.39
Crops grewn from Nov. to April –
Q.40
Rock bee is
–
Q.41
NDRI is in
–
Q.42
Genus of gajar ghas parthenium
G. MATCH THE COLUMNS Q.35
Match the column –
–
Column - I 1. 2. 3.
Pulses Oil Milk
Column - II a. b. c.
Green revolution Blue revolution White revolution
BIOLOGY EXERCISE - 2
A. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS Q.1
The science concerned with vegetable culture is called (A) Floriculture (B) Olericulture (C) Horticulture (D) Agriculture
Q.2
A water-fern, which is used as a green manure in rice fields, is (A) Salvinia (B) Mucor (C) Aspergillus (D) Azolla
Q.3
Green manure plants used by farmers mainly belongs to (A) Compositae (B) Leguminosae (C) Solanaceae (D) Poaceae
Q.4
Q.5
Q.6
Q.7
Q.8
(A) It is significantly less effective than other pesticides (B) Its cost of production is high (C) It is not readily and rapidly degraded in nature (D) Organisms at once develop resistance to it Q.9
Which of the following is an example of a weed of kharif season that infest wheat crop– (A) Amaranthus (Chauli) (B) Nut grass (Motha) (C) Sorghum (Jangali jowar) (D) All of the above
Q.10
First bioinsecticide developed on commercial scale was (A) Quinine (B) DDT (C) Organophosphate (D) Sporeine
Q.11
Bioherbicides have been recommended (A) To prevent ecodegradation (B) Because of their ready availability (C) Because of their cheap rates (D) Because of their abundance
Composted manure is produced from– (A) Farmyard manure and green manure (B) Farm refuse and household refuse (C) Organic remains of biogas plants (D) Rotten vegetables and animal refuse
Q.12
Which of the following is not an air-borne disease (A) Black stem rust of wheat (B) Coffee rust (C) Blast of rice (D) Potato mosaic disease
Autotrophs and heterotrophs differ in– (A) How they obtain their carbon (B) Whether they are prokaryotic or eukaryotic (C) How they reproduce, sexually or asexually (D) Whether they use chemicals or light as source of energy
B. PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS
The largest area under cultivation in India is for which of the following crops (A) Rice (B) Wheat (C) Sugarcane (D) Jowar
The most important weed against which eradication measures would be taken on war footings is (A) Eichhornia (B) Dactylis (C) Parthenium (D) Ageratum The major drawback of DDT as a pesticide is that -
PASSAGE 1 (Q.13 TO Q. 15) Increasing nutritional requitements due to population explosion shifts focus to aquatic realm. Culturing two or more varieties of fish in same tank has resulted in Increased yield. Q.13
What is the teach. culturing two or more varieties of fish in a tank ?
Q.14
Explain the culture with example.
Q.15
What is the base of such culture.
BIOLOGY ANSWER EXERCISE -1 A. VERY SHORT ANSWER TYPES QUESTION
F. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS
1. 2. 3. 4.
26. C 29. A 32. C
5.
National Dairy Research Institute Jersey, brown swiss. Karan swiss, karan fries and frieswal. Cow - Foot and mouth dieseases, Poultry - Ranikhet. Rohu and Catla.
35. 1-f, 2-d, 3-c, 4-b, 5-e, 6-a 36. 1-f, 2-a, 3-d, 4-b, 5-c 37. 1-f, 2-e, 3-a, 4-c, 5-b, 6-d
16. Soil 18. Catla
H. FILL THE BOX WITH APPROPRIATE WORD 38. Kharif 40. Apis dorsata 42. Parthenium
E. TRUE OR FALSE 19. True 22. False 25. True
20. False 23. True
28. D 31. A 34. A
G. MATCH THE COLUMNS
D. FILL IN THE BLANKS 15. Broiler 17. Fowl
27. A 30. C 33. B
21. True 24. False
39. Rabi 41. Haryana
EXERCISE -2 A. SINGLE CHOICE QUESTIONS 1. B 5. A 9. D
2. D 6. D 10. D
3. B 7. C 11. D
B. PASSAGE BASED QUESTIONS 4. A 8. C 12. A
PASSAGE 1 (Q.13 TO Q. 15) 13. Composite fish culture. 14. Catla are surface feeders, carp are bottom feeders and labeo are column feeders. 15. Difference in feeding habits fo fish.
