X CBSE biology

BIOLOGY Concept Maps Class X (CBSE) Endocrine System Digestive system in humans Respiration Excretion Reproduction in Plants

Endocrine System Conserves water for the body

This is a growth hormone

Anterior lobe

Cone shaped gland in the brain

Posterior lobe

Hormone melatonin

Two distinct region of the gland

Regulate the basal metabolic rate

Contanin pinealocytes

Size of pea

Thyroxine

Locate in the neck Connected to the hypothalamus

Pineal Gland Thyroid Gland

Pituitary Gland

Located above your kidneys

Secretes thyroxine hormone

Triiodothyronine

Pancreas

Helps maintain blood pressure

Adrenal Gland

Helps regulated metablism

Secretes digestive enzymes

Endocrine

Helps balance insulin

Ovaries

Testes

Thymus

Secretes glucagons and insulin

Helps slow the immune systems inflamatory response Produces thymosin Role in lmmune system

Testosterone

Released when

Glucose gets low in the blood

High glucose level in the blood

Important

Ovaries

Testes

Secretes

Skeetal and muscular growth

Reduce calcium level in the blood

Development of

Voice change

2 Hormones

Estrogen Reproductive structure

Contribute

Progesterone

Distribution of bodyhair Contribute to the development and function of the female reproductive organs and sex characteristics

Development /puberty menstrual cycle

chewing, tearing and choppoing

enzymes to break down food

choking

Breaks down food through

Digestive system in humans

teeth tongue

Made up of

food starts in the

prevents In throat, near trachea covered by

softens food

salivary glands

aided by

located moves to the

produce

saliva

contains

involuntary muscle contractics

near windpipe

Mouth

moves food to stomach

epiglottis

moves food through by

peristalsis

can be performed when body is upside down

esophogus

sphincter mixes with food

duodenum enters through

enzymes

chyme mixes with food

moves to the

releases

acids

stomach

21 foot coiled tube where majority of digestion takes place

ileum bile

chrun food

produces

aids in digestion in

moves to the

muscles

for four hours

jejunum

3 parts

liver

stored in

mix food

small intestine

caelum remove water from undigesed matter from solid waste

also called

gallbladder

maintains blood sugar level

filters poisenous wastes

moves to the breaks down fat

main functions

large intestine moves to the

in the

proteins starches

pancreas to break down

produces

fats

stores wastes temporarily

rectum

large intestine

enzymes anus

insulin

opening outide of body at the end of rectum

Diag of root hair

Root 1

Diag of lenticles

Stem 2

Through root hair

Diag of Stomata

Leaf 3

Through Leticels

Through stomata

 RESPIRATION

INPLANTS

RESPIRATION

RESPIRATION

IN ANIMALS

2

1

Tracheal

Cell Surface (Through general body surface)

(Through trachea and tracheoles)

(a) Amphibia

5

Pulmonary

Branchial

Buccat

(Though bilthgs)

(Though gills)

(Though buccal cavity)

Diag of fish with gills

Diag of fish with gills

Diag of insect with spiracles

Diag of Amoeba

Respiratory quotient CO2 uberated O2 used

4

3

(d) Mammals

(c) Birds

(b) Reptiles

Diag of Frog with buccal cavity Types of respiration

R espiratory diseases 1. Emphysema 2. Asthma 3. Pneumonia 4. Bronchitis 5. Tuberculosis 6. Pleurisy

Steps of respiration

Anaerobic (absense of O2)

Aerobic (pressure of O2) Muscles

Lactic acid + energy

1 External

2 Internal

3 Cellular

(bet organism (bet tissue (Oxidation of food & environment) & environment) in side cells) Yeast Steps ethyl alcohol + CO 2

1. Glycolysis

2. Kreb's cycle

3. ETS

Raphides, Ca-oxollate crystals Tannin

Latex, Resin

CO2, H2O(V)

Liquid Waste

Solid waste

Gaseous waste (No excretory system)

Excretion in Plants Excretion Nitrogeneous (Excretory Products) NH3 Ammonotelic Eg. Amoeba

Excretion in Animals

Uric Acid

Urea

Uricotelic Eg. Insect

Ureotelic Eg. Human

Excretory Organs

Mechanism of urine formation

Primary (1) Liver

Secondary (1) Skin

Ornithine/Urea cycle (2) Kidney

(2) Sweat glands (3) Lungs → CO2

1 lac in each Kidney Nephron

Afferent arteriole

Tadpole

Frog.

Bowman's capsule

Efferent arteriole Glomerulus (i) Ultrafilteration filteration of Blood & formation of glomerulus filterate DCT

PCT Ammonotelic

Ureotelic (ii) Selective Reabsorption Absorption of benificial product like glucose, ions & H2O from filterate

(iii)Secretion Dumping of larger Collecting waste directly duct

Capillary network

Urine pH = 6 Yellow colour = urochrome Bad odour – NH3 H2O (97%), ions, Uric acid, Urea (1.5 – 2.0%)

Kidney faliure Dialysis

Kidney transplantation (Donor's kidney is attached to recipient leg vessels directly)

External Bud froms outside the mother body e.g. Yeast

Fragmentation Divide by external or internal stroke e.g. Spirogyra

Internal Bud froms inside the mother body e.g. Sponge

Spore fomation e.g. Fungi

Budding Divide in to more than two e.g. Plasmodium

By Root e.g. Sweet potato

Multiple Uniparental Reproduction Fission

REPRODUCTION IN PLANTS

Binary Divide in to two e.g. Bacteria, Amoeba

Reproductive structure of a plant is flower which is made up of 4 structures Sepal

Vegetative Propogation

ASEXUAL REPRODUCTION

Petal

Stamen

By Stem e.g. Potato By Leaf e.g. Bryophyllum

SEXUAL REPRODUCTION Mechanism of reproduction in flowers Biparental Reproduction

Pistil

Self pollination (Autogamy)

Pollination Cross pollination (Allogamy or Xenogamy) Anemophily (Wind) Abiotic Agents

Biotic Agents

Hydrophily (Water) Entomophily (Insects) Ornithophily (Birds) Chiropterophily (Bats) Malacophily (Snails)

Double Fertilization

cotyledon (Store food) plumule (future shoot) Radicle (future root)

Germination

Syngamy Fusion of one male gamete with the egg

Zygote (2n)

Triple fusion Fusion of other male gamete with two polar nuclei

Endosperm (3n)