Mastering TOEFL 2nd Word List - Reading Chapter 1-1
WORD
DEFINITION
evaporate
v
to change from a liquid into a gas or steam
precipitation
n
rain, snow, or hail
vapor
n
a substance in a gaseous state
methane
n
a colorless, odorless, flammable gas
be accustomed to ~ing
v phr phras ase e
to be used used to doin doing g som somet ethi hing ng
coalesce
v
to join together
in a manner
prep phrase in a way
liquefied
adj
made into a liquid state
mimic
v
to copy
n
the relative amount of a given substance in a particular area
equator
n
an imaginary line around the Earth which is equidistant from the North and South Poles
convergence
n
a gathering or assembly
deposit
v
to drop or pull down
hone
v
to improve; to clarify
contemporary
adj
modern
infested with
adj phrase
inhabited in large numbers by something obnoxious or threatening
tap water
n
water obtained from a faucet
in this fashion
adv phrase in this manner
recreational
adj
concentration
1-2
PARTS
an activity that creates relaxation or enjoyment
SAMPLE SENTENCE
The water from the puddle evaporated on that blistering summer day. The Pacific Northwest has received record amounts of precipitation this winter. There was a faint hint of a vapor hanging in the air. Methane is a type of gas that is used as fuel. She is not accustomed to giving public speeches. Opposing factions coalesced into a massive force against the brutal dictator. He spoke in a manner similar to his father. The frozen substance was liquefied in the microwave. The students mimicked the professor's Spanish accent. There is a high concentration of silver located in this mine.
SYNONYM
ANTONYM
vaporize
condense
condensation
dryness
steam
solid
unite
separate solidified; vaporized
imitate accumulation
separation
meeting
separation
dispense
remove
sharpen
confuse
Many Americans have never been south of the equator. The convergence on City Hall caused quite a disturbance. As the crop duster flew over the corn field, he deposited pesticides and fertilizer. The woman is taking a computer class to hone her skills in graphic design.
Her office is decorated with current contemporary furniture. The city sewer system was infested with overrun by rats. Growing up in a rural community, we were able to drink tap water without worrying about contaminants. We need to secure all of the ropes in this fashion so that the boat will not drift away during the night. I enjoy all types of recreational sports, but golf is my favorite.
old
1-3
at risk
adv phrase in danger
The heavyset woman is at risk of developing heart disease.
employ
v
to use or practice
The student followed his teacher's advice and employed effective techniques for speaking in public.
contamination
n
the act of making something impure by adding another substance to it
There is a high level of contamination in the river, so residents are advised not pollution to go swimming in it.
make one's way into
v phr phras ase e
to sl slowl owly ent enter er into into
The moose made it's way into the lake for a quick swim and a drink of water.
preventative
adj
designed to keep something undesirable from occurring
fertilize
v
sample
n
Some insurance policies cover preventative health measures, such as x-rays and mammograms.
to add a natural or chemical substance The woman preferred using manure to to soil in order to help plants grow fertilize her garden. a small amount of something that The researcher collected several shows what the whole is like samples of drinking water in the area. to implement necessary actions to achieve a particular result
take measures
v phrase
in an atte attemp mptt to
adv phr phrase ase in an effo effort rt to
pinpoint
v
to locate exactly
equity
n
the quality of being impartial
strive
v
to put a lot of effort into achieving something
equilibrium
n
a state of equality or balance
perceive
v
to become aware of something
distress
n
great pain or anxiety
compel
v
to pressure into action
be applicable to
v phrase
can be applied to
realm
n
a sphere of activity
utilize
protective
ignore
purification
corrective
enrich specimen
When their child began rebelling against authority, they took measures to correct take action his behavior.
do nothing
The woman wrote an apologetic and heartwarming letter in an attempt to reconcile with her biological father. Doctor's were able to pinpoint the cancerous tumor with the help of a microscopic camera.
identify
The principal was known for his equity fairness in handling student affairs. Even today, minorities continue to strive endeavor for equality in many countries. The diver had a problem with her equilibrium and nearly fell off of the diving platform. The nosy neighbor perceived a stranger breaking into the house across the street. The sudden change of events caused distress for the wedding planner. She compelled her son to enter the talent competition. The laws governing the nation are applicable to all visitors, residents, and citizens. She wanted to do further research on the realm of dreams, but her professor advised her to choose another topic.
lose
bias abstain
stability
imbalance
observe
overlook
discomfort
pleasure
drive
hinder
relevant
inapplicable
a re a
1-3
at risk
adv phrase in danger
The heavyset woman is at risk of developing heart disease.
employ
v
to use or practice
The student followed his teacher's advice and employed effective techniques for speaking in public.
contamination
n
the act of making something impure by adding another substance to it
There is a high level of contamination in the river, so residents are advised not pollution to go swimming in it.
make one's way into
v phr phras ase e
to sl slowl owly ent enter er into into
The moose made it's way into the lake for a quick swim and a drink of water.
preventative
adj
designed to keep something undesirable from occurring
fertilize
v
sample
n
Some insurance policies cover preventative health measures, such as x-rays and mammograms.
to add a natural or chemical substance The woman preferred using manure to to soil in order to help plants grow fertilize her garden. a small amount of something that The researcher collected several shows what the whole is like samples of drinking water in the area. to implement necessary actions to achieve a particular result
take measures
v phrase
in an atte attemp mptt to
adv phr phrase ase in an effo effort rt to
pinpoint
v
to locate exactly
equity
n
the quality of being impartial
strive
v
to put a lot of effort into achieving something
equilibrium
n
a state of equality or balance
perceive
v
to become aware of something
distress
n
great pain or anxiety
compel
v
to pressure into action
be applicable to
v phrase
can be applied to
realm
n
a sphere of activity
utilize
protective
ignore
purification
corrective
enrich specimen
When their child began rebelling against authority, they took measures to correct take action his behavior.
do nothing
The woman wrote an apologetic and heartwarming letter in an attempt to reconcile with her biological father. Doctor's were able to pinpoint the cancerous tumor with the help of a microscopic camera.
identify
The principal was known for his equity fairness in handling student affairs. Even today, minorities continue to strive endeavor for equality in many countries. The diver had a problem with her equilibrium and nearly fell off of the diving platform. The nosy neighbor perceived a stranger breaking into the house across the street. The sudden change of events caused distress for the wedding planner. She compelled her son to enter the talent competition. The laws governing the nation are applicable to all visitors, residents, and citizens. She wanted to do further research on the realm of dreams, but her professor advised her to choose another topic.
lose
bias abstain
stability
imbalance
observe
overlook
discomfort
pleasure
drive
hinder
relevant
inapplicable
a re a
in an effort to
adv phrase in an attempt to
in return for
adv phrase in exchange for
remedy
v
non-confrontational adj quirk criticism fellow highlight by no means comprehensive
1-4
to fix having a desire to avoid discord or a clash of opinions
n
a peculiar or unusual trait
n
the act of viewing something unfavorably
The teenager cleaned her room in an effort to impress her parents. The waiter received a large tip in return for his excellent service. The mayor is trying to remedy the situation by holding a press conference amend to explain his actions. My mother is non-confrontational; she doesn't like to openly disagree with another person. The young man had several quirks which made him very entertaining and unique. It was hard for the artist to hear criticism about her paintings.
The woman thanked her fellow adj sharing a particular quality or condition employees for throwing her a surprise birthday party at work. The professor highlighted the statistics v to pick out or emphasize that would be included on the final exam. It was by no means a coincidence that adv phrase in no way they arrived at the same time. She received a comprehensive health adj including many details of something exam.
worsen
peaceful
aggressive
idiosyncrasy
commonality
disparagement
compliment
accentuate
conceal
all-inclusive
selective
The author developed a very sophisticated love story that ended in complicated tragedy. Thermoregulation lets mammals the control of a c onstant internal body maintain a constant internal temperature temperature despite the temperature of the environment around them.
sophisticated
adj
advanced in design
thermoregulation
n
constant
adj
not changing or varying; fixed
Martin Luther King, Jr. is a constant source of inspiration for many people.
steady
unstable
expenditure
n
the action of using or spending
Climbing Mount Everest requires the expenditure of a lot of energy and strength.
output
savings
subconscious
adj
occurring in the mind just beyond the state of consciousness
Breathing and blinking are subconscious functions that occur naturally without intuitive thought.
regulation
n
the act of adjusting to a standard or amount
metabolize
v
to break down food into energy
in doing so
adv phrase
by accomplishing something or performing a certain action
The treasurer and accountant are in charge of the financial regulation within management the company. Her thyroid condition affected her ability to effectively metabolize the food she ate. The defendant caused a disruption in the courtroom, and in doing so, was held in contempt and sentenced to thirty days in jail.
simple
conscious
deregulation
1-5
involuntarily
adv
shiver
v
suddenly and in a way that cannot be controlled
She was involuntarily taken into police custody. The child shivered uncontrollably after to shake involuntarily from fear or cold being rescued from the icy waters.
helplessly
voluntarily
shudder
steady
vasodilation
n
the widening of the blood vessels
Vasodilation helps increase the flow of blood to the vessels near the surface of the skin.
vasoconstriction
n
the narrowing of the blood vessels
Vasoconstriction reduces the amount of blood that flows to the vessels near the surface of the skin.
to a degree
adv phrase to an extent
The citizen regrets his actions to a degree, but he does not regret standing up for his rights.
constrict
v
The man unknowingly ingested peanuts, and his throat began to constrict as part contract of an allergic reaction to the nuts.
as such
adv phrase as being what is indicated
cooling effect
n
saliva
n
hibernation
n
at the core
adv phrase at the center
in spite of
adv phrase in disregard of
mobile
adj
able to move freely or easily
pronounced
adj
very noticeable
accumulate
v
to gather up or collect
with the onset of
adv phrase at the start of
hassle
n
an annoying problem that requires effort to fix or solve
manipulate
v
to skillfully handle or control
to tighten or narrow
expand
A president or prime minister, as such, is entitled to a great deal of respect. the act of resulting in a lowering of The panting of dogs has a cooling effect temperature on their internal temperatures. The hungry dog had a stream of saliva a liquid produced by glands in the hanging from his mouth as he watched spit mouth the couple eating sandwiches in the park. a deep sleep during winter months, in The polar bear remained in hibernation which many body functions slow within an icy cave for three long considerably months. Financial stress remained at the core of at the heart the couple's marital problems. She went to the dance in spite of her despite parents' explicit orders to stay home. The mobile young man was able to movable travel the world. The catcher had a pronounced knot on her forehead from accidentally being struck with the bat.
evident
The snow accumulated rather quickly amass during the blizzard. The students were quick to change their with the attire with the onset of warmer weather. commencement Appealing the parking ticket was too much of a hassle, so the man just paid the $30 fine. The engineer was able to manipulate the flow of the river to avoid flooding the valley.
on the outside regarding stationary
obscure dissipate at the conclusion
bother
pleasure
maneuver
leave alone
n
sediment
n
floodplain
n
mitigate
v
to make less severe or serious
hold back
v phrase
to retain
drawback
n
streamlined
adj
time-consuming
adj
as is the case with
1-6
a barrier or wall built to control the We walked along the levee watching the flow of water or to keep the sea out of dike waves crash against the barrier. an area
levee
matter that settles at the bottom of a liquid an area of low-lying ground near a river
an undesirable feature that is not beneficial with a smooth shape requiring or wasting a lot of one's attention and time in reference to
The river carried a high concentration of sediment, which was deposited on the slag delta. It is risky to build a home on a floodplain. The girl's problems were mitigated when another adolescent confessed to reduce the crime. The levees worked to hold back the sea withhold water. One of the drawbacks to being a celebrity is being hounded by the disadvantage paparazzi. The streamlined yacht is a sight to sleek behold. Packing fragile glasses and dishes is a time-consuming process.
worsen release advantage rough
As is the case with my father, health insurance is not feasible because it is too expensive.
have a negative impact on
v phrase
have an unpleasant effect on
Programs that portray violence have a negative impact on children. They went grocery shopping to replenish their supply of food. Building the cabin without professional help is a labor-intensive process.
replenish
v
to make complete again
labor-intensive
adj
requiring a lot of work and effort
vulnerable
adj
open to harm
The elderly woman's weakened state of susceptible health makes her vulnerable to many contagious and infectious diseases.
immune
devastating
adj
causing extreme destruction
The devastating apartment fire left a hundred people homeless.
disastrous
prosperous
debris
n
After the hurricane, there were miles fragments of something that has been and miles of debris scattered on along destroyed or broken into pieces the beaches.
rubble
cleanliness
lithography
n
a unique printmaking technique in Alois Senefelder is attributed with which an image or writing is produced discovering the process of lithography by applying a greasy substance to a in the 1790s. specially prepared stone
adaptation
n
something that has been modified to The film is an adaptation of a bestsuit different conditions or a different selling novel. purpose
alteration
aspiring
adj
striving for recognition or advancement
Many waiters and waitresses in Los Angeles and New York are aspiring entertainers.
ambitious
make a name for oneself
v phrase
to establish fame or recognition
The doctor is trying to make a name for himself in the field of cancer research.
have a positive impact on restore
deplete
hopeless
2-1
smear
v
to rub on
in relief
v
elevated from a flat surface
medium
n
a way of communicating information and ideas
greasy
adj
oily
repel
v
to force away from
saturated
adj
concentration
n
soaked with liquid the relative amount of a given substance in a particular area
The bride smeared wedding cake all over the groom's face. The words on the plaque appeared in relief. Television is a popular and effective medium for advertising. The make-up she wore during the performance was very greasy.
spread
erase
raised
engraved
form slick
The campers were pleasantly surprised when the bug spray repelled the reject mosquitoes. The saturated carpet was not soggy salvageable. There is a high concentration of silver accumulation located in this mine. The engineer was able to manipulate the flow of the river to avoid flooding the valley.
manipulate
v
to skillfully handle or control
needless to say
adv phrase
Needless to say, the fans were so apparent that there is no reason to disappointed when the concert was state it suddenly cancelled.
tone
n
well-suited
adj
the Industrial Revolution
n
tedious
adj
boring; uninteresting
scope
n
range of application
produce a result
v phrase
to bring about a certain outcome
gain popularity
v phrase
to earn favor or approval
mercury
n
a poisonous liquid metallic element
Many parents are concerned about the correlation between mercury found in vaccines and autism.
latent image
n
a photographic image that has been exposed but not yet developed
The process of developing latent images is hazardous to the health of the photographer.
hazardous
adj
dangerous; potentially causing harm
Smoking is a hazardous and expensive habit.
dry attract dry separation
maneuver
leave alone
obviously
undecidedly
the quality of brightness and shade of The tone of the painting was very dull. value a color His personality is well-suited for the job extremely compatible with appropriate of being a UN ambassador.
inappropriate
The Industrial Revolution was a period during which people transitioned from relying on tools to relying on machinery. Picking the tiny beads out of the carpet dull was a tedious task. The professor suggested she narrow the scope of the topic for her research span paper. Her strict workouts and self-discipline were producing noticeable results.
exciting
The candidate gained popularity when he made a bold statement about ending the war.
unsafe
safe
2-2
There is speculation that classes will be cancelled tomorrow due to the severely hunch cold weather.
speculation
n
reasoning based on incomplete facts or information
oxidize
v
to cover with oxide or rust
blurry
adj
not clear; fuzzy
fragile
adj
easily broken or damaged
one-of-a-kind
adj
original
pave the way for
v phrase
to lead the way so that others can follow
ingenuity
n
cleverness and originality
come to mind
v phrase
to be recollected
subtle
adj
faint; difficult to perceive
correlation
n
a connection or relationship between The woman was convinced that there two or more things that is not caused was a direct correlation between the by chance burglary and the fire.
use ~ as an example
v phrase
to present ~ as a model
variation
n
buoyancy
n
tectonic plate
n
a segment of the Earth's crust and The earthquake was caused by the upper mantle that moves horizontally shifting of the Earth's tectonic plates. relative to other segments
take into consideration
v phrase
to take into account
mantle
n
part of the Earth that is deep below the surface and surrounds the core
radioactive
adj
exhibiting spontaneous emittances of The radioactive elements were found radiation which results from changes in deep within the Earth's crust. the nuclei of the atoms in the element
take into account
v phrase
to take into consideration
The metallic object oxidized when it was corrode placed in the acid. The film on the window made the cloudy objects outside appear blurry. The antique ornament is extremely fragile, so children are not allowed to delicate touch it. The painting was one-of-a-kind and sold unique for millions of dollars at the auction. Susan B. Anthony was one of the leaders who paved the way for women to vote in the United States. His boss was impressed with his ingenuity in creating the new ad campaign.
fact
clear tough copied
blaze the trail creativity
When thinking of my childhood, images remembered of my grandfather come to mind. She gave a subtle signal for me to leave vague the room.
unoriginality
forgotten forthright
link
disconnection
change
similarity
Using the woman's height and weight as an example, the study reveals that women of her size are at a high risk of developing Type II Diabetes.
differences in amount, number, level, There were slight variations in the or form accounts told by the witnesses. The buoyancy of an inflatable ball is the quality of being able to float much greater than that of a human.
When determining if an applicant is qualified for coverage, the insurance consider company takes into consideration many different aspects of one's health.
dismiss
The mantle is located between the crust and the core of the Earth.
The professor took into account that the student was absent for several days due consider to health related reasons.
dismiss
2-3
Magma that is released onto the surface of the Earth is known as lava.
magma
n
hot liquid rock inside the Earth
insulate
v
to cover something to prevent heat, Using recycled denim is an cold, noise, or electricity from passing environmentally friendly way to insulate protect through your home.
uncover
above sea level
adv phrase
located at an elevation which is h igher Our mountain cabin is located 3,000 than the surface of the sea feet above sea level.
below sea level
Baby sign language can aid parents in communicating with their babies before assist they are able to speak.
aid A in B
v phrase
to help A do B
embrace
v
to readily take or receive
be endowed with
v phrase
equipped with
influential
adj
Because his father was one of the most influential men in the city, he thought having influence or power over others important that he could do whatever he wanted to without getting in trouble.
modernist
n
proponent
n
formative years
n
ornamentation
n
the state of being decorated
The ornamentation on the building's façade is very intricate and gothic.
transparency
n
the quality of being easy to see through
The transparency of the window allowed clarity passersby to clearly see the items on display.
mass-production
n
Mass-production is much more efficient the manufacturing of products in large than making products one at a time by quantities hand.
espouse
v
to embrace as one's own
realism
n
lifelike artistic representation
make use of
v phrase
to use
allude
v
to mention someone or something in an indirect way
unadorned
adj
without ornament; plain
stark
adj
very clear and plain to look at
The father embraced the idea of his accept daughter marrying a surgeon. The woman is equipped with a powerful supplied with singing voice.
someone who deliberately breaks away from previous styles a person who supports or argues in favor of something
Her conservative family considered her to be a modernist. His neighbor is a strong proponent of recycling and environmental advocate conservation. During the formative years of a period during which an idea is being modernism, there was an i nternational formed style of architecture. adornment
The group of women espoused adopt Democratic ideals. The museum director preferred realism naturalism over abstract art. They made use of the hotel amenities. utilize
hinder
reject lacking
unimportant
opponent
starkness opaqueness
reject surrealism abstain from
The witness's statement alludes to the fact that he is not completely sure of the culprit's identity.
imply
state
Although they have lived in their new house for several months, the walls remain unadorned.
bare
decorated
The decorator was horrified to see the stark white walls of her office.
bare
decorated
2-4
dominate
v
to be easily noticed in contrast to surroundings
monastery
n
a place where monks live
awe
v
to cause wonder and amazement
Michael Phelps awed the world when he took home eight gold medals in the astonish 2008 Summer Olympics that were held in Beijing, China.
expect; bore
forage
v
to search about
Because our entire food supply was eaten by bears, we spent all day foraging for food in the wilderness.
hide
undisturbed
adj
marked by signs of intrusion or disruption
look down on
v phrase
to view something below from high above
majestic
adj
characterized by an imposing or stately appearance
plateau
n
take place
v phrase
stir up
v phrase
controversy
n
put aside
v phrase
reclamation
n
debris
n
After the hurricane, there were miles fragments of something that has been and miles of debris scattered on along destroyed or broken into pieces the beaches.
excavator
n
The construction company used an a large machine used for digging holes excavator to dig the trenches for the in the ground pipelines.
scoop up in comparison to corrosion be at a loss
The orange and yellow sofa dominated rule the living room. The monastery is located in an isolated area on the side of the mountain.
seek
The remote island remains undisturbed untouched by the presence of humans. As we flew high over the ground in my uncle's airplane, we looked down on my house and saw my parents waving to us. As we entered the city, we looked upon the majestic cathedral towering into the grand sky.
The Tibetan Plateau is the highest and largest plateau in the world. The ceremony is about to take place, so to happen we need to find our seats. The reintroduction of wolves into the area stirred up a heated debate to instigate; to bring to one's attention between the animal conservationists and the farmers. There is much controversy surrounding a disagreement, especially about a the construction of a road that would public policy or moral issue allow traffic to bypass the downtown area. to set aside for future use the conversion of wasteland into land The waterway reclamation project was suitable for habitation or cultivation finally finished in 2007. a large, elevated flat piece of land
mesa
disturbed
lowly canyon
occur prompt
stop
argument
agreement
set aside
use; throw away
rubble
cleanliness
to pick up or take out with a tool such We scooped up the oats and carried the as a bucket or scoop buckets to the troughs to feed the cows. in regard to the differences or He is a giant in comparison to the adv phrase similarities of another pygmies of Africa. the process of destruction by a The car needed a new paint job to hide n deterioration chemical process the corrosion around the doors. She was so shocked that she was at a v phrase in a state of uncertainty loss for words. v phrase
yield
pour out
improvement
by-product
2-5
Watery eyes is often a by-product of peeling onions. The snow accumulated rather quickly during the blizzard. The cow manure contaminated the drinking water. A debate on religion was held in the main auditorium on campus.
n
an inintended result of another action
accumulate
v
to get more and more of something over time
contaminate
v
to make unclean
debate
n
a discussion of issues and viewpoints
figure out
v phrase
to determine; to understand
It was difficult to figure out where the faint noise was coming from.
regardless of
adj phrase
without concern for
Everyone should be able to have health care, regardless of their age, race, and despite pre-existing conditions.
an action or statement that tells She received cues from the director someone indirectly that they should do during the performance. something Lavender tends to have a soothing a result of calmness effect on people.
cue
n
soothing effect
n
empirical
adj
diaper
n
flatulence
n
burp
v
in response to
adv phrase in answer to
go into
v phrase
to be put into
engage in
v phrase
to participate in
based on observation or experience rather than theory a cloth worn as underwear by a baby that is not yet trained to use the toilet the condition of having too much g as in the stomach or intestines to pat on the back in order to cause one to release air bubbles via the mouth
the time when one is not working or busy the methods and principles for doing research
leisure
n
methodology
n
participate in
v phrase
to take part in
construe
v
to understand something in a particular way
as such
pron
as being what is indicated
side effect amass
dissipate
pollute
cleanse
dispute
agreement
solve
overlook
signal
His empirical knowledge on Korean culture was gained while living in K orea factual for seven years. The baby needs his diaper changed approximately six times a day. She had an embarrassing case of flatulence. After the infant finished the bottle of milk, his mother burped him.
regardful of
hypothetical
nappy gas
The chairman resigned in response to opposition from the majority of the organization's members. A lot of effort has gone into the preparation and execution of the inauguration ceremony. They are currently engaged in a heated debate about the war. I enjoy weaving baskets and knitting at my leisure. The scientist's methodology for collecting data was rudimentary. She is going to participate in her first ballet recital. It is easy to construe her behavior as that of someone who is depressed. A president or prime minister, as such, is entitled to a great deal of respect.
enter into
reject
freedom
work
process engage in
observe
interpret
misconstrue
2-6
the smallest unit of speech that distinguishes meaning
Phonemes are the basic units of speech sound and are different for every language.
phoneme
n
condition
v
sought-after
adj
live up to
v phrase
inherent
adj
make decisions
v phrase
come to mind
v phrase
odds
n
catastrophe
n
carry a higher risk
v phrase
stroke
n
fatality
n
a death resulting from a disaster
So far, only five fatalities were reported from the deadly shooting in the mall casualty yesterday.
birth
perceive
v
to understand or think about something in a particular way
While the other workers were depressed about the state of the company, the recognize woman perceived an opportunity to receive a promotion.
overlook
abduct
v
to illegally or secretly carry away by force
store in short-term v phrase memory biased
adj
termination
n
reinstate
v
be associated with v phrase
to train or influence people to behave The dogs were conditioned to expect or react in a certain way their food when the bell rang. She received a much sought-after in high demand promotion. to measure up to expectations or President Barrack Obama has a lot to standards live up to.
train desirable
She has the inherent ability of innate determining when someone is lying. to perform the act of choosing or The timid woman has a hard time judging making decisions. When I reflect on my childhood, images to enter one's thoughts recall of my grandfather come to mind. the probability that something will The odds of winning the lottery are not chance happen in your favor. The massive earthquake caused the an event that causes a lot of damage calamity biggest catastrophe of the century. People who smoke carry a higher risk of to have a greater chance of harm developing cancer than those that do not. The elderly man suffered from a stroke a sudden blockage or rupture of a that left him paralyzed on one side of blood vessel in the brain his body. basic or essential
The child was abducted while walking home from school last week.
kidnap
undesirable
learned
forget improbability miracle
release
I don't have a pen or paper, so I'll just to retain in the part of the brain which store your phone number in my shortstores information that can be term memory and write it down when I retrieved over a brief amount of time get home. The woman gave a biased opinion about partial the beauty of her grandchild. the ending point of an agreement, job, His inappropriate behavior and dismissal or situation tardiness at work led to his termination. unfairly influenced
to give someone back their pre vious job or position to be connected with
The secretary was reinstated after it was discovered that she was not embezzling money from the c ompany. Her grandfather is associated with the Lion's Club.
restore
impartial hiring fire
inductive reasoning n
3-1
determinant
n
incentive
n
the act of making a judgement that supports an outcome
He used inductive reasoning to make his judgement.
One of the determinants in deciding which applicant to hire is related experience. The man was desperate to sell his something that makes someone want house, so he offered potential buyers an motivation to work harder incentive of $5000. a factor that settles or decides
to be connected with
work performance
Her employer is not impressed with her the efficiency with which an employee work performance, so he is considering does his or her job firing her.
treat ~ with respect v phrase
to value and honor the worth of ~
It is important to treat your elders with respect.
it goes without saying that ~
to be understood without an explanatio
It goes without saying that the President of the United States, or any leader of a needless to say country for that matter, has a very important and stressful job.
engage
v
The caregiver is struggling to engage to involve someone in a particular activi the autistic boy in a coversation.
involve
quota
n
The police officer strictly enforced the a minimum amount of something that speed limit in an attempt to meet his someone needs to do quota for writing speeding tickets this month.
allocation
attain
v
She attained the highest honor possible to succeed at accomplishing something by becoming the valedictorian of her achieve graduating class.
in turn
adv phrase as a result
merchandise
n
goods for sale
stock
n
a share of money held by an investor
profitable
adj
making money
enable A to B
v phrase
to provide somebody (A) with the ability to do something (B)
prospective
adj
in the future; potential
come up with ideas v phrase
to formulate plans
hindrance
Her grandfather is associated with the Lion's Club.
be associated with v phrase n
generalization
shun
fail
He played tough defense, which in turn caused his opponent to lose control of the ball. We have a lot of merchandise to stock commodity on the shelves during our shift. I am researching which stocks are the best to buy right now. Although their design firm is new, it is proving to be a very profitable business. The elevator enabled the disabled man to travel with ease between the floors in his house. Prospective employees will enjoy the benefits of receiving full medical, dental, and vision coverage. Let's come up with some ideas about where we can spend our winter vacation.
possible
past
3-2
address the problem
A blind study was conducted to discover a study in which participants are how people would respond in various unaware of the particulars of the study uncomfortable social situations. He went to college to study the science which deals with the pharmacology, and now he is working n preparation, use, and effects of drugs as a pharmacist. My law professor is, in effect, one of the adv phrase basically virtually most intelligent women I know. She was reluctant to address the v phrase to devote effort to the dilemma at hand problem of her roommate's messiness.
bias
n
prejudice
n
expose
v
blind study pharmacology in effect
in contrast
n
prejudice
an unfavorable opinion that is formed The overweight woman has a prejudice bias without basis against thin people. The foreign exchange student was to make someone experience somethin bare exposed to many new customs.
adv phrase from another side or aspect
eliminate
v
included as a participant in the group of a study which is not exposed to a particular treatment or experiment to get rid of
blindfold
v
to secure a cloth over one's eyes
flaw
n
in the control group adj phrase
3-3
The teacher exhibited bias toward the an unfair preference for or dislike of so female students by allowing them to select their prizes first.
a fault in something that makes it less effective an action or statement that tells someone indirectly that they should do something to become smaller in amount or importance
fairness fairness protect
I love to shop at thrift stores. In contrast, my twin sister loves expensive on the other hand designer clothes.
similarly
Participants in the control group will not be subjected to the e xperiment that the other participants will endure. She eliminated three of the possible ans remove Her boyfriend covered her eyes with the blindfold so that she couldn't see the surprise waiting for her in the living room.
include
The computer program contained a serioweakness
perfection
She received cues from the director during the performance. His anxiety lessened with the completion of each task on his list.
cue
n
signal
lessen
v
pharmaceutical
adj
conduct research on
v phrase
placebo
n
interfere with
v phrase
to intervene and cause a disruption or His sudden outbursts interfered with the impede hindrance of activities productivity of the study group.
warrior
n
a person who is experienced in battle
reign
n
reduce
The librarian made a bold career move pertaining to the science of preparing and began working for a pharmaceutical and distributing drugs and medicines company. The team is going to conduct research perform scientific studies on on the correlation between stress and acne. a substance that contains no medicine, The placebo was secretly administered inactive drug given to determine the e ffectiveness of to the patient. new medicines in drug studies
The warrior led his tribe into battle from soldier high atop his white horse. the period during which a king or ruler The empire flourished during the reign rule has control of the fair and just king.
increase
active drug assist
submission
mark ~ as the starting point of …
v phrase
to acknowledge ~ as the point at which something began
integration
n
the act of combining or introducing people of different ethnic or religious backgrounds into one group
scientific breakthrough
n
prominent
adj
observatory
n
astronomical
adj
opposite to prevailing
adj
revolve
v
in addition to circumference roughly
3-4
adj phrase
Doctors marked the death of her father as the starting point of her de pression. The integration of black students into white schools caused major uprisings in union the South.
There have been many scientific a sudden discovery or development in breakthroughs thanks to the science that allows for progress advancement of technology. well-known He is a very prominent and successful aurenowned Our astronomy class took a fieldtrip to a building used to view stars the observatory to witness the passing lookout of the comet. huge completely different from great in influence
The amount of damage caused by the tsunami was astronomical. Her beliefs on religion were exactly opposite to those of her brother.
Earth revolves around the sun, and it rotates on an axis. He is going to enroll in Advanced adv phrase as well as Biology in addition to Physics II. the length around an outer boundary, The circumference of our swimming n especially of a circle pool is approximately 60 feet. There are roughly two hundred cows on adv approximately my father's farm.
n
flourish
v
naval
adj
teem with
v phrase
little by little
adv phrase a small amount at a time
Little by little the stray dog began to trust the homeless man.
come to an abrupt end
v phrase
to suddenly and unexpectedly cease
His reign as boxing's heavyweight champion came to an abrupt end when he was knocked out during the second round by his underestimated opponent.
conservation
n
the preservation of natural resources
urban
adj
relating to the city
to be full of
contrary to
similar to insignificant
orbit besides
excluding
perimeter about
Washington DC was teeming with people excited to witness the historical abound with inauguration of the first black president.
It is crucial that we become educated about the importance of conservation. Urban neighborhoods tend to have higher crime rates than rural neighborhoods.
cellar; dungeon insignificant
What is the formula for finding the a method of doing something equation circumference of a circle? The new business is expected to flourish to grow; to succeed prosper within a couple of years. relating to a part of a country's military Their son is going to attend a naval that fights at sea academy in the spring.
formula
unknown
enormous
The prevailing factor in determining the winner was the overall charisma influential displayed throughout the competition.
to turn around a central point
segregation
exactly
fail
lack
protection
destruction
metropolitan
rural
ecosystem
n
the plants and animals in a certain area that depend on one another
The ecosystem surrounding the pond is slowly changing due to ecological environs succession.
focus attention on
v phrase
to devote a lot of concentration on
Today, the professor is focusing his attention on classroom disciplinary techniques.
habitat fragmentation
n
a process in which the environment changes and breaks into smaller habitats, primarily due to human activity
patch
n
a small area of land
extinction
n
the condition of no longer existing
edge effect
n
a result that takes place along the edge of a forest
Edge effects on forests have a large impact on animals as well as plants.
take advantage of
v phrase
to use for one's benefit
I am going to take advantage of my employee discount and buy a new pair of winter boots.
to illustrate
adv phrase to explain clearly using examples or an
susceptible
adj
likely to be affected by something
Due to her weakened immune system, she is susceptible to contagious and infectious diseases.
make up
v
constitute
In order to make up for lost time, they stayed up all night relating important comprise events in their lives from the last fifteen years.
compensate
v
to make up for
Some short men try to compensate for their size by driving big trucks and acting tough.
get through difficult v phrase times precipitation
n
kill off
v phrase
penetrate
v
proximity
n
climate change
n
adapt
v
Researchers spent several months studying habitat fragmentation in our area. We sat down on a patch of grass near the lake and had a picnic.
plot
There are many animal species that are elimination facing extinction, primarily due to the presence of humans.
birth
exploit
help
vulnerable
immune
To illustrate, I will give an example that most of you are familiar with.
Their love and support for each other helped them get through difficult times. The Pacific Northwest has received record amounts of precipitation this rain, snow, or hail winter. Pollution and other contaminants are to cause to die out completely slowly, but surely, killing off several plant species in the area. The running back penetrated through to physically get through the defense to score the winning touchdown. The proximity of the snake made the closeness girl panic. We are currently experiencing a climate the altering of a region's weather change in our region. to change something to make it more Some wild animals have adapted to suitable to different conditions living in human environments.
counteract
penalize
condensation
dryness
break through
withdraw
nearness
distance
adjust
resist
to survive harsh moments in one's life
3-5
multi-purpose
adj
water-resistant
adj
for adornment
adv phrase for the purpose of decorating
religious practice
n
The visitor was unfamiliar with the tribe's religious practices.
rite
Through dedication and diligence, she was able to graduate from college in less than four years.
earnestness
laziness
manage
neglect
abundantly
meagerly
scar
heal
n
persistent and hard-working effort in doing something
cultivate
v
to grow crops or plants, especially in large quantities
profusely
adv v
The sarong is a multi-purpose garment. She purchased water-resistant boots for waterproof her trek through the rainforest. The fragile vase is for adornment rather than function.
a procedure performed in honor of one's religion
diligence
mar
3-6
having many different uses able to repel and hinder the penetration of water
in a great amount to damage or spoil the perfection of something, usually with a mark or other blemish to tear pieces from edged with notches or projections resembling the teeth of a saw
The farmers worked long and hard to cultivate their fields. She thanked the man profusely for his help in changing her flat tire. The child marred the surface of the table with his fork.
strip off
v phrase
serrated
adj
He stripped off the peel before eating th rip off
put on
The chef used a serrated knife to cut the jagged
smooth
scrape off
v phrase
to remove the outer layer by rubbing a His mother prohibited him from sitting sharp instrument under the layer to in the car until the mud was scraped off peel peel it away of the bottom of his boots.
resin
n
a transparent, sticky substance produced by some plants and trees
mallet
n
a tool resembling a hammer
turn A into B
v phrase
anvil
n
die out
v phrase
resurgence
n
take interest
v phrase
to change A into a different form (B) a big block with a flat surface on which The blacksmith worked the heated metal forge things are shaped by hammering to cease to exist Dinosaurs died out millions of years ago. become extinct The guerrillas made a resurgence in rising again; becoming stronger again their effort to overthrow the comeback government. The youth are now taking interest in the to engage in or concern oneself with politics of our nation.
teem with
v phrase
to be full of
phenomenon
n
an event; a happening
arthropod
n
related to
adj phrase
cover
When the logger removed his hand from the tree, he noticed a layer of resin on pitch the palm of his glove. The mallet was used to drive the wedge hammer into the crack at the base of the tree. Heat was used to turn the kernels into popcorn.
Washington DC is teeming with people excited to witness the historical abound with inauguration of the first black president. The migration of the red crabs is a phenomenon that occurs annually on Christmas Island.
spectacle
an invertebrate animal with an Arthropods usually have chitinous shells that shed. exoskeleton and segmented body connected to by shared characteristics Horses are related to donkeys and mules.
be born disappearance
lack
normality
4-1
exoskeleton
n
natural selection
n
embed
v
a wealth of
adj phrase
demonstrate
v
a hard outer covering such as a shell that provides protection and support
The archaeologist uncovered the exoskeleton of an arthropod. Natural selection is also known as the survival of the fittest because the the process by which stronger, more animals best suited to the environment survival of the fittest adaptable species survive while weaker, less adaptable species die out survive while less suitable animals die out. to fix something firmly in a surface or The fossil remains were embedded in theingrain dig up object The apprentice gained a wealth of a large and valuable amount knowledge from his mentor. She demonstrates a strong desire to be to make evident; to display exhibit hide a successful painter.
spend (some time) v phrase ~ing
to put effort and time into doing something
Now that I have finished my project, I am going to spend the afternoon relaxing on the couch.
undisturbed
disrupted
Surprisingly, the living room remained undisturbed by the small children.
adj phrase
The coast sustained extensive damage from the hurricane.
extensive
adj
very large in amount or degree
the Cambrian period
n
a period of time which occurred from 544 million years ago to about 500 million years ago
appendage
n
sea floor
n
recognizable
adj
easily identified
descendant
n
a person or animal that is a product of He is a descendant of the royal family. former generations of ancestors
rely upon
v phrase
to depend on
day-to-day
adj
occurring on a daily basis
a part or organ, such as an arm or leg, joined to a body the ground beneath the bottom of a sea or ocean
untouched
disturbed
considerable
insignificant
limb
torso
Evidence suggests that sea life today is not as diverse as it was during the Cambrian period. The surfer nearly lost an appendage during the shark attack. Marine biologists scoured the sea floor in search of undiscovered life forms. There are no recognizable side effects from the experimental drug.
She relies upon her parents for advice concerning relationships and finances. The preschool teacher prays for patience on a day-to-day basis.
potential
adj
capable of being or becoming
Potential employees are required to undergo a physical examination and take a drug test.
trend
n
the pattern of behavior or general directions of something
Eating organic food is one of the latest health trends.
have a negative impact on
v phrase
to cause unfavorable results
Many people believe that television and other forms of technology have a negative impact on society.
deviation
n
a change or difference from what is usual or expected
identifiable
unrecognizable
offspring
predecessor; ancestor
everyday
rare
possible
impossible
fad
The recent deviations in the girl's mood revealed to her friends and family that departure she was suffering from depression.
uniformity
norm
a usual or typical pattern
Having a cell phone is the norm for today's society.
in an impressive or considerable manner
Since the student began receiving help significantly from a tutor, her grade in math has dramatically improved.
standard
dramatically
adv
in the long term
adv phrase for a long period of time
in the long run
strategy
n
method
fundamental
adj
basic; essential
be willing to
v phrase
be consenting
n
the reasons one behaves in a certain way
motivation
4-2
n
The company is searching for ways to save money in the long term. In order to defeat our opponents, we a plan of action to reach desired goals need to develop a new strategy.
counteract
v
to work against
as well
adv phrase also
see a dramatic decrease in sales
v phrase
to observe a severe decline in the number of products sold
savvy
adj
perceptive and well-informed
make the same errors
v phrase
to cause mistakes that have been made before
intuitive
adj
stumble upon
v phrase
manipulate
v
to alter or change
genetic structure
n
the organization of genes
hearty
adj
strong and healthy
food shortage
n
an insufficient supply of food
cross-breed
v
to breed two different kinds of plants or animals with each other
repellant
n
a substance that drives away insects
based on what one feels to be true without conscious reasoning to meet with or discover accidentally or unexpectedly
All students must adhere to the fundamental rules set forth by the administration. Would you be willing to give me a ride to the airport tomorrow morning? She used her trip to the Bahamas as a motivation to lose weight. He took some medicine to counteract his back pain.
exception insignificantly in the short term
key
unimportant
be inclined
be unwilling
incentive
discouragement
negate
assist
When we announced our plans to take a Mediterranean cruise, my mom too suggested that she come along as well. During the depression, the company is expecting to see a dramatic decrease in sales. He is fortunate to have such a savvy sharp; smart business partner. Most parents try to warn their children not to make the same errors that they did. The landlord's intuitive knowledge led to perceptive her suspicions of the new tenant. The explorers stumbled upon the to happen upon ancient burial grounds. The executive manipulated her schedule so she could attend her daughter's piano recital.
influence
The scientists discovered a weed whose genetic structure is slightly different from a dandelion. They had a hearty breakfast before their strong Due to the drought, the region was experience a severe food shortage. The dog is a cross-breed between a cocker spaniel and a poodle. The fishermen applied repellant to their bodies and clothes to drive away the mosquitoes.
unintelligent
calculated seek and find
leave alone
weak
4-3
a fast spread or increase in the The epidemic was responsible for the presence or occurrence of something deaths of millions of people. the wingless, immature form of an The larvae from the Blue Bottle f ly are insect commonly used as fishing bait.
epidemic
n
larva
n
hatched from the eggs
v phrase
in response to
adv phrase in answer to
The mayor held a press conference in response to the accusations made against him.
impending
adj
approaching
The defendant was anxious about his impending trial.
The elderly woman's weakened state of health makes her vulnerable to many susceptible contagious and infectious diseases.
having emerged from the eggs (roundish reproductive body which holds developing babies)
vulnerable
adj
open to harm
sterile
adj
unable to reproduce
render
v
to put something in a particular state
virile
adj
able to reproduce
impregnated
adj
pregnant
relatively
adv
in comparison with something else
cutting-edge
adj
forefront
virtually
adv
nearly; almost
avert
v
to avoid
behavioral economics
n
the study of how consumers' choices affect the marketplace
make choices
v phrase
to decide between various options
be closely tied to
v phrase
be tightly connected to
psychology
n
the study of the human mind and its effect on behavior
utility
n
outbreak
The children watched as the chicks hatched from the egss.
The couple is unable to bear children because the male is sterile. The accident rendered the car useless. The virile males were separated from the sterile males and introduced into the herd of females. The impregnated cows were put into a group and kept in a separate pen. There is a relatively low number of Europeans living in our neighborhood.
imminent
impotent
v phrase
to get from
rest upon
v phrase
to rely on
immune productive
make potent
impotent
bred
barren
rather
This cutting-edge procedure can be used to relieve chronic knee pain in a lead matter of days. There is virtually no crime in this small practically city. The accident was averted thanks to the prevent quick thinking of the bus d river.
old
cause
The company recently conducted a study on behavioral economics in hopes of improving their business. She often makes choices without thinking of the potential consequences. He is closely tied to the Federal Bureau of Investigation.
She is taking a course on psychology this semester. They did not get much utility from the a measure of happiness or satisfaction benefit gadget they purchased on the Internet.
derive from
remote
When the professor asked for her opinion, she recited an explanation that take from was derived from the text book. The team's victory rests upon the field g depend on
dissatisfaction give to
n
the steps taken when making choices
charity
n
an organization that collects money The oil tycoon is going to donate fifteen and organizes other voluntary help for philanthropy million dollars to charity. people in need
sound
adj
worthwhile or justified
in exchange
adv phrase in return
as time goes on
4-4
The woman is intimidated by the decision-making process and often makes irrational choices.
decision-making process
ailment
n
have a major influence over
v phrase
diminish
v
complicated
adj
unpredictable
adj
The teenagers parents were surprised by his sound decision to stay home and reasonable study.
unreasonable
The woman offered to cook him dinner in exchange for his help with the leaky faucet.
after a while
later
before
an illness
The family's grief will lessen as time goe My grandmother takes a different medication for each of her ailments. The media had a major influence over to have a lot of control or power over the general public during the election. The massage relieved her tension and to become less diminished her headache. The judicial process is complicated and difficult to understand confusing to many people. The weather along the coast is often not able to be foreseen unpredictable.
sickness
health
reduce
increase
complex
simple
unforeseeable
predictable
There are many variables that could potentially cause the event to be postponed.
variable
n
a factor that is subject to change
abstract
adj
not practical; conceptual
dynamic
adj
characterized by constant change or transformation
run a business
v phrase
operate and manage a company
It has always been a dream of mine to run a business, especially one dealing in fashion.
pick out
v phrase
to select
We are going to home improvement store to pick out a new color of paint for choose our living room.
ambition
n
a strong desire to achieve something
occupational
adj
related to work
survey
n
to investigate the opinions or experiences of a person or persons
extensively
adv
thoroughly
Her ideas tend to be more abstract than indefinite concrete. He is a dynamic force in the world of changing sports.
Ambition is one of the most important factors in being successful. Smoke inhalation is an occupational hazard associated with fighting fires. The woman stood on the corner conducting surveys on consumer opinions. She searched extensively for her wedding ring but was unable to find it.
earnestness
concrete inactive
overlook laziness
job-related evaluate
ignore
greatly
briefly
4-5
be used to
v phrase
to be applied for a certain cause or reason
translate into
v phrase
to convert or change the form of
dabble
v
to take part in an activity in a casual manner
facet
n
an aspect
Hair donated to Locks of Love is used to make wigs for people suffering from alopecia. The instructions were translated into English, Spanish, and French. Her husband liked to dabble in the stock tinker exchange. There are multiple facets to each feature person's identity and personality.
enter one's thirties v phrase
to begin the decade of one's life when Most people are settling down by the he or she will go through the ages of time they enter their thirties. 30-39 years old
take a step back
v phrase
to pause and separate oneself from what is going on around him or her
settle down
v phrase
to get married and start a family
financial security
n
the condition of having a stable and sufficient income
acquaintance
n
a person one knows slightly
defy
v
to openly resist or contradict
make its debut
v phrase
to make its first public appearance
mark the beginning v phrase of
to signal the start of something
preferred
adj
considered more desirable than the alternatives
inspired
adj
aroused or motivated by something
dazzle
v
to impress
borrow from
v phrase
to adopt from another source
vertical
adj
seem as if ~
vault
take seriously
The couple decided to take a step back and evaluate their relationship. Their son is in no hurry to settle down and raise a family. There is no such thing as financial security in this desolate economy. Many people are using Internet sites to reconnect with old acquaintances. The football player defied the stereotype of jocks by becoming the valedictorian of his class. The new toy will make its debut just in time for the holidays. Her divorce marked the beginning of her liberation. His preferred method of public transportation is the subway.
associate
stranger
challenge
surrender
introduction
finale
favored
undesirable
The architect was inspired by the Romanesque style of cathedrals and churches. The lead actress dazzled the audience with her stunning performance in last night's debut of the musical The Color Purple . It would be wise for our country to borrow successful health care policies from other nations.
awe
bore
take
give
at a right angle to the ground or a horizontal line
The pole vaulter cleared a vertical distance of fifteen feet ten inches.
upward
horizontal
v phrase
to appear like ~
The lights were never on in the house which made it seem as if it were abandoned, but there was actually a family living there.
n
an arched ceiling that tops a building The cathedral had a long hallway with a arch or room ceiling known as a barrel vault.
influenced
4-6
We spotted an eagle soaring through the sky, and we guessed that it had a wing span of over seven feet.
span
n
the amount of space that something covers
buttress
n
a supporting structure of stone or brick It is common to find flying b uttresses in column built along a wall for support Gothic architecture.
variations
n
changes or differences in conditions
distribution
n
take hold
v phrase
mainstream
n
in spite of
prep phrase without regard for
genetic code
n
the sequence of nucleotides in DNA that contains genetic information in living cells
a myriad of
adv phrase
a countless or extremely large number The preschool students had a myriad of of something questions for their teacher.
mutation
n
a change in the structure of a gene
ingrained
adj
deeply attached
Her parent's racist beliefs are deeply ingrained in their minds.
prescribe medicine v phrase
to write an order for one to take medication
After conducting a physical exam, the doctor prescribed medicine to help with the woman's high blood pressure.
perform surgery
v phrase
to operate on a body for life-saving, medical purposes
manipulate
v
to alter or change
with recent advances in
adv phrase
with new progress made in (a c ertain field)
replacement techniques, doctors claim that the patient's recovery time will be cut in half. studying genetic science Researchers
genetic science
n
the science of genes
inherit from
v phrase
to receive from a parent
have discovered ways to cure genetic diseases. Her bright blue eyes were inherited from her mother.
pose problems
v phrase
to present or cause complications
The investigator became suspicious when he heard two variations of the eyewitness's account of the accident.
the way in which something is spread There is a disproportionate distribution out among an area of wealth throughout the world. Once their reputation took hold, their to become established business rapidly increased. the ideas, actions, and values that are He is a legendary icon in the most widely accepted by a society mainstream of American culture. In spite of their political and religious differences, they remain the best of friends.
length
discrepancy
similarity
dispensation
collection
despite
concerning
transformation
stagnation
entrenched
absent
Genetic code determines a person's physical characteristics such as eye and hair color, body type, and gender.
The mutation inherited from both parents resulted in the child having sickle-cell anemia.
The doctors are going to have to perform surgery on the child to remove the tumor growing in his brain. The executive manipulated her schedule so she attend her daughter's influence pianorecent recital.advances in knee With
The heavy rain has brought severe flooding to the area which i s posing problems for thousands of residents.
leave alone
to avoid an obstacle, obstruction, or The new road will allow travellers to problem by using an alternative route bypass the congested area of sidestep or method downtown. The elderly woman has a weakened immune system, making her susceptible a complex network that protects the to various types of illnesses and body from illness and disease diseases. Pathogenic viruses are easily spread causing disease through a person's cells. the composition of genes that Monozygotic twins have genetic determine our characteristics makeup that is nearly identical. a medical operation in which a new The patient is waiting to receive a heart transplant. organ is placed inside a patient's body
bypass
v
immune system
n
pathogenic
adj
genetic makeup
n
transplant
v
in vain
adv phrase to no avail
replicate
v
She tried in vain to convince her parents to let her go on the ski trip with her friends. His client asked him to replicate a duplicate painting of his grandfather. The new president is more likely able to restore peace with the Arab nations. It only took him two weeks to recover restore from the motorcycle accident.
to make an exact copy of; to reproduce
be more likely able v phrase to
to have a better chance of doing something
recover
v
to return to a normal state
v phrase
to break into pieces and fall apart
v phrase
to wear into smaller pieces
chemical weathering
n
the natural process of breaking down rocks and stone
disintegration
n
a state of decomposition
fossil fuel
n
an organic material that is obtained Humans rely heavily on fossil fuels for from the remains of former life such as energy, gas, and heating. oil, coal, or natural gas
equation
n
a consideration of all the factors that produce a result
act as primary agents in
v phrase
to be the main cause of
precipitation
n
Mini Test 1-1 crumble away
break down
play a major part in v phrase
confront
rain, snow, or hail to have a large role in; to be largely responsible for
lose
The historical building is beginning to crumble away under the wear and tear of the severe weather conditions.
deteriorate
strengthen
Water is a strong factor which works to break down rocks and stone.
decompose
build up
Chemical weathering is responsible for the erosion of rock and stone surfaces. The classic automobiles parked in the deterioration junkyard are in a state of disintegration.
formation
Racial tensions have always been high in the deep South, but when integration was introduced to the equation, the formula hatred between blacks and whites escalated even more. The senior members of the soccer team acted as the primary agents in the prank that was pulled on the basketball team. The Pacific Northwest has received record amounts of precipitation this condensation winter. The United States played a major part in the Korean War.
dryness
erosion
n
the process by which the surface of Erosion is responsible for the the earth is worn away by wind, water, deterioration of the river banks. glaciers, etc.
destruction
construction
dissolution
n
the process through which minerals are dissolved in water
disintegration
construction
disperse
gather
decay
growth
intensify
diminish
dissipate
v
to become scattered
decomposition
n
the slow, natural process of destruction and decay
magnify
v
corrosion
n
sediment
n
byproduct
n
to increase in size or power the process of damage to metal or stone caused by a chemical reaction mineral or organic matter that is deposited by water, wind, or ice
rush
n
a person or agent that is responsible for an offense
at a more rapid pace
adv phrase at a quicker rate
inventory
n
deposit side effect
culprit
adj
rust
She hastened her pace in fear that someone was following her.
to hurry
cost-efficient
The decomposition of garbage is a very slow process. Becoming a finalist magnified her hopes of winning the national spelling bee. The man is preoccupied with the corrosion on the body of his sports car. There are many layers of sediment hidden beneath the glacier.
an inintended result of another action
v
n
After the closing ceremony, the crowd dissipated and everyone returned to their homes.
Watery eyes is often a by-product of peeling onions.
hasten
Mini Test 1-2 assembly line
The dissolution of the minerals is aided by the addition of acid.
It was discovered that the culprit responsible for scattering the garbage all over the yard was a raccoon. His long legs allow him to move at a more rapid pace than his wife and children.
offender faster
a system for making products in which My father works on the assembly line every worker or machine is responsible down at the recycling plant. for checking or adding a specific part The apartment managers will be productive in relation to the amount of replacing all standard light bulbs with cost-efficient bulbs at the beginning of money spent March. One of the employee's responsibilities is the merchandise or stock on hand checking the inventory every morning supply and night.
improve the quality v phrase
to increase the value or excellence of
In an attempt to improve the quality of air in our city, the mayor is starting a campaign to promote public transportation.
meet goal
v phrase
to fulfill one's aim
In order to meet our goal, we must sell ten more paintings by the end of the month.
transform the way that
v phrase
to change the method that is used
Developing friendships with people from other countries has helped to transform the way that I view my own country.
slow
slower
demand
v
work on a rigid schedule
v phrase
make it easier to
v phrase
in doing so
adv phrase in that way
in the long run
adv phrase happening over a long period of time
get rid of
v phrase
to do away with
previously
adv
occurring at a prior time
revolutionize
v
to bring about an important change
The election of Barack Obama is revolutionizing the way Americans and citizens of other countries view the United States.
transform
innovative
adj
using new methods or ideas
The manager used an innovative business strategy to attract new customers and multiply sales.
creative
not only A but also conj B
5-1
to keep
She retained her identity and moral values despite being mocked and pressured by her classmates.
retain
maintain
lose
to perform under a strict or demanding Journalists who write for the newspaper routine work on a rigid schedule. Working from home makes it easier to to decrease the difficulty of spend time with one's family.
both A and B
as well
adv phrase also
terse
adj
brief; concise
His friend expressed a very honest and unfavorable opinion of his girlfriend, and in doing so, risked their f riendship. They are hoping to save money in the long run by turning their house into an environmentally friendly living space. They are getting rid of all of their unnecessary material possessions. The newlywed couple was previously residing with the woman's parents.
eventually eliminate
retain
earlier
later
He is not only and excellent student but also an outstanding athlete. When we announced our plans to take a Mediterranean cruise, my mom too suggested that she come along as well. The judge spoke to the defendant in a te abrupt
lengthy
distinctive
adj
having a special quality that is distinguished from others
James Earl Jones has a very distinctive voice which most people can easily distinguishing recognize as the voice of Mufasa in the Lion King.
identifiable
adj
capable of being recognized
The doctor's precise handwriting is easily identifiable to his patients.
n
a common opinion of what one is perceived to be by others
He has a reputation for arriving late to evestimation
notoriety
Her dreams were realized when she played the cello at Carnegie Hall.
fulfill
fail
simple
complicated
reputation
recognizable
realize
v
to accomplish
straightforward
adj
direct and uncomplicated
The female executive has a straightforward approach to dealing with insubordinate employees.
free of
adj phrase
without; lacking
The women spent a peaceful day at the spa free of the distractions of work and clear of technology.
common
unidentifiable
with
embellishment
5-2
The audience recognized the narrator's enhancement embellishments within the actual story. The author relied heavily upon modifiers and complex sentences.
n
an exaggeration; a decoration
modifier
n
a word that serves to change the meaning of another
supplement with
v phrase
to add to
Their lesson was supplemented with additional reading and worksheets to be reinforce with done at home.
subtract from
strife
n
the state of experiencing conflict or trouble
The Great Depression was filled with sadness and strife.
peace
ambiguous
adj
vague; unclear
inevitable
adj
unavoidable
perseverance
n
Through perseverance, the woman was the quality of continuing under difficult able to overcome many hardships to determination conditions become one of the most influential women in the world.
come to be known as ~
v phrase
.
prevalent
adj
common or dominant
refuge
n
a shelter; a protected state or place
speculate
v
to make a guess about something based on observation, often with inconclusive evidence
feel the same feeling as
v phrase
to have emotions that are identical to another's
reluctant to
adj phrase
to be hesitant and unexcited about doing something
gain a deeper understanding of
v phrase
to get more knowledge about
public opinion
n
the collective thoughts and beliefs of a According to public opinion, the group of people on a certain issue advertisement was a huge success.
assess
v
to estimate the value of
take place
v phrase
to occur
air on television
v phrase
to be shown on television
convey
v
to communicate a message
simplification
struggle
Certain issues have an ambiguous divide between right and wrong which is obscure also known as a "gray area." The family experienced an inevitable sadness at the loss of the young child.
clear
certain
uncertain
laziness
Elvis Presley came to be known as "the King of Rock 'n Roll." Forgiveness and love are prevalent themes within the teachings of the widespread Bible. The campers searched for a refuge to sanctuary protect them from the storm.
uncommon danger
People are beginning to speculate about when the governor is going to resign theorize from his position.
know
The audience was beginning to feel the same feelings as the speaker because he was painting such a vivid picture of inspiring story of success. She was reluctant to apply for the position because of her lack of unenthusiastic to experience.
enthusiastic to
The debate between the candidates helped citizens gain a deeper understanding of their political agendas. popular belief
They are going to hire a professional to evaluate assess the value of their home. The final round of the competition will happen take place on February 11th. The final episode of the popular series will air on television next Thursday. The commissioner conveyed to the crowd the importance of evacuating the relate area.
withhold
5-3
The pilot is likely to retire at the age of sixty.
be likely to
v phrase
be inclined to
have the opportunity to ~
v phrase
to be given the chance to ~
whether or not
conj
a conjunction used to introduce an alternative, clause, or element
utilize
v
to use
respondent
n
one who replies to something
in relation to
adv phrase with reference to
The old man could not remember where concerning he parked in relation to the hospital.
feedback
n
The judges' feedback was positive despite the obvious mistakes made by the contestant.
efficacy
n
have benefits and drawbacks
v phrase
go public
v phrase
in opposition to
adv phrase to be in a position that is contrary to
simulated
adj
artificial
make a claim that
v phrase
to state as a fact
Nutritionists made a claim that organic foods are healthier for us than processed foods..
reduce life span
v phrase
to lessen the length of time one is expected to live
Smoking can greatly reduce the life span of an individual.
degenerative
adj
characterized by a gradual decline
key
adj
important
longevity
n
the duration of life
consistent
adj
steady and constant
optimally
adv
in a most desirable manner
a response
We had the opportunity to travel around the world as photographers for a prominent magazine. She must decide whether or not she will accept the position of Secretary of State. The salesperson is very good at utilizing his charm and knowledge of the product apply to make sales. Respondents can submit their completed questionaires and comments answerer in the drop box on the front desk.
The superisor was impressed with the efficacy of the new employee. Public transportation has benefits and to have advantages and disadvantages drawbacks that cannot be ignored. the degree of effectiveness
to be introduced to the general population
set aside
questioner
evaluation
question
success
failure
The woman threatened to go public with the incriminating evidence she had on the Senator. Protestors demonstrated in opposition to the decision to close several public schools in the area. The simulated flight helped terrified imitation passengers overcome the fear of flying.
She has a degenerative disease which affects her muscles. Exercise is a key factor in maintaining a healthy weight. Many people say that happiness is the key to longevity. He is a consistent force on the varsity basketball team. To function optimally, the computer must be scanned for viruses on a regular basis.
essential
original
unimportant
endurance regular
irregular
ideally
undesirably
The influx of sugar into one's system can result in a brief period of inundation hyperactivity. Everyone should be able to have health care, regardless of their age, race, and despite pre-existing conditions.
influx
n
arrival, flood
regardless of
adj phrase
without concern for
diabetes
n
a disorder characterized by an inadequate production or use of insulin My grandmother and aunt both have that results in too much glucose in the Type II diabetes. blood and urine
obesity
n
the condition of being extremely overw
thinness
deprivation
n
the withholding or absence of something that is needed
supply
Obesity is an ever-increasing problem in fatness the United States. The new mother experienced sleep loss deprivation after the birth of her twins.
Television ratings increased by up to up to adv phrase as much as twenty percent during the week of season premieres. Many people would love to receive an extension of life the lengthening of the amount of time extension of life span, but n span one is expected to live unfortunately, their habits may work against that. The overconsumption of junk food and fast food has led to an increased overconsumption n the act of eating or absorbing too much overeating number of people suffering from morbid obesity. Arthritis is an inflammatory disease inflammatory adj characterized by swelling swollen which affects the joints. It has been reported that sugar can acceleration of the n the speeding up of how fast one ages cause an acceleration of the aging aging process process. Arthritis is the biggest cause of disability among people over the age of arthritis n constant inflammation of the joints fifty-five. The teen affixed the poster of her affix v to attach oneself to something fasten favorite band to her bedroom wall. It is difficult to witness the deterioration deterioration n a gradual decline in the condition of so disintegration of a parent's health. 5-4
amoeba
An amoeba is a single-celled organism with an asymmetrical shape.
n
an organism with only one cell
range from A to B
v phrase
The temperature in the Sahara Desert to be included somewhere between A a can range from freezing at night to over 130 degrees Fahrenheit during the day.
investigation
n
a careful examination in order to find facts or evidence
carry out
v phrase
stagnation
n
propagate
v
undereating shrinking
detach improvement
protozoan
The company does an investigation into inspection each applicant's background prior to hiring them as an employee.
The military platoon carried out the attack as planned. the process of becoming stale or foul The economy experienced a period of through not flowing or moving stagnation prior to the recession. Single-celled organisms propogate to reproduce through mitosis and cytokinesis. to conduct
concerning
perform
stop
idleness procreate
destroy
5-5
nasal
adj
relating to the nose
nausea
n
a feeling of sickness at the stomach which causes one to feel the need to vomit
ensue
v
to follow closely after something
speculate
v
to make a guess about something based on observation, often with inconclusive evidence
proliferate
v
to grow and increase rapidly
be contaminated with
v phrase
be polluted with
municipal
adj
relating to a town or city
futile
adj
ineffective
purification treatments
n
methods used to clean and purify
The babies nasal cavities were completely blocked with mucus. On her first time out at sea on a fishing boat, the woman suffered from a severe queasiness case of nausea. The employees were extremely concerned about the continual decline succeed of the economy because they were certain that more lay-offs would ensue. People are beginning to speculate about when the governor is going to resign theorize from his position. The wolf population in the Rocky Mountains is beginning to proliferate, causing farmers and other residents in generate the area to become concerned and angry. The drinking water is contaminated with toxins from the sewage plant. He received a letter from the municipal court stating that his parking ticket had urban been waived. Her efforts to extinguish the blazing fire useless were futile. The water plant performed several purification treatments to cleanse the water of bacteria and other contaminants. Her asthma attacks were found to be highly correlated to the presence of cats in her house.
be highly correlated v phrase with
to have an extreme connection with
outlet
n
an opening to let something out
The canal became filled with water as the outlets were clogged with debris.
fluctuation
n
a variation or change
There is a continual fluctuation in the number of customers in the store at one variation time.
be different from
v phrase
to be unlike something else
the solar system
n
subcategory
n
terrestrial planet
n
trace
n
exit
precede
know
decrease
country effective
entrance stagnation
She was disturbed when she discovered that her priorities are different from those of her husband.
the sun and the planets that revolve around it a smaller division that is part of a larger category
Earth is one of the planets that make up the inner solar system. The list of animals was divided into five subcategories. Mercury, Venus, Earth, and Mars are any of the four planets nearest the sun known as terrestrial planets. The police found traces of an illegal a very small amount hint substance on the floor of the car.
lot
5-6
a small, rocky, astronomical object that merged with others to form the planets
The planetisimals were formed out of balls of ice which later became the cores of the Jovian planets.
to get more and more of something over time the layer of gas surrounding a heavenly body
The snow accumulated rather quickly amass during the blizzard. The space shuttle appeared as a ball of envelope fire as it re-entered the atmosphere.
planetesimal
n
accumulate
v
atmosphere
n
particle
n
in turn
adv phrase as a result
angstrom unit
n
an astronomical measurement roughly equal to the distance between the Earth and the sun
tumultuous
adj
chaotic
render
v
to put something in a particular state
in contrast to
adv phrase from another side or aspect
vivid
adj
powerful and intense
featureless
adj
lacking defining qualities
dominant
adj
more common
concentration
n
the relative amount of a given substance in a particular area
presumably
adv
with a reasonable assumption
prominent
adj
famous; well-known
apprentice
v
to work under someone in a trade
hallmark
n
a trait; a trademark
proportion
n
the relationship of size between different objects
There seems to be a problem with the proportion of the subject's body and head.
perspective
n
the technique of portraying different distances in a painting
The art students are learning how to compose a drawing by using a vanishing point to create perspective.
still-life painting
n
a painting of inanimate objects such as The girl is currently working on her first fruit or flowers still-life painting.
a very small piece of matter
dissipate
Small particles of dust floating in the air were made visible as the sunshine molecule entered the window. He played tough defense, which in turn caused his opponent to lose control of the ball.
They had a very tumultuous relationship violent that ended very quickly. The accident rendered the car useless. make I love to shop at thrift stores. In contrast, my twin sister loves expensive on the other hand designer clothes. The painting was filled with vivid colors that livened the mood of the room. The back side of the house is featureless and unattractive. Everyday life is the dominant theme in the painter's collection. There is a high concentration of silver located in this mine. She is presumably the best athlete in the history of the school.
peaceful
similarly
bright
dull
plain
distinct
prevalent
inferior
accumulation
separation
probably
unlikely
He is a very prominent and successful aurenowned The apprentice gained great skills and invaluable experience from the learn carpenter. One of the artist's hallmarks is painting a tiny green frog in the corner of each symbol painting. scale
unknown
distortion
6-1
composition
n
a piece of art
intertwined with
adv phrase joined with another thing
embellishment
n
an exaggeration; a decoration
distortion
n
anything that is twisted out of shape and deformed
austerity
n
a sense of harshness or severity
accent
v
to give emphasis to
bring out
v phrase
to emphasize the quality of being well-bred; sophistication to depict as more excellent than normally considered
The students were required to create a work composition using recyclable objects. The lives of the characters in the story were intertwined with each other interlaced although they lived on separate continents. The audience recognized the narrator's enhancement embellishments within the actual story.
separated
The warped mirrors created distortions that caused the visitors' bodies to be malformation completely out of proportion.
perfection
The painter's later paintings lacked the austerity that was dominant in his previous pieces. The green accessories accented the dark wood of the tables throughout the room. The color of her blouse helped to bring out the blue in her eyes. Being raised on a farm, the boy lacked the refinement of his distant relatives. The statue was commissioned and erected to glorify the evil dictator. The artist incorporated personal experiences into his surreal paintings.
simplification
seriousness
calmness
highlight
minimize
highlight
minimize
elegance
rudeness
exalt
criticize
refinement
n
glorify
v
incorporated into
adj phrase
united with; put into
adhere to
v phrase
to follow; to hold firmly
In order to receive her inheritance, the heiress had to adhere to the stipulations set forth by her grandfather.
mundane
adj
common
While the children were at school, their ordinary mother spent the day doing mundane chores around the house.
exciting
remnant
n
a small remaining part
Remnants of the Berlin Wall are scattered around the world.
whole
opt for
v phrase
to choose
When given the choice of a pay raise or a vacation, most people will probably select opt for the increased salary.
undecipherable
adj
unable to recognize the meaning of
engrave
v
ancient civilization
n
hinder
v
concept
n
to cut into stone
leftover
The stroke victim's speech is so slurred incomprehensible that it is undecipherable. They had their initials engraved on the carve inside of their wedding bands.
an advanced human society that lived The archaeologists discovered artifacts a long time ago from an ancient civilization. Their cultural differences hindered their to create difficulty for impede communication with each other. an idea or general notion
The students did not understand the concept that the professor was trying to thought convey.
understandable
assist
valuable fall into the hands of
extremely useful or important
v phrase
to unintentionally become the possession of
The ancient scrolls fell into the hands of the British. While the children were at school, their ordinary mother spent the day doing mundane chores around the house.
mundane
adj
lacking interest or excitement; dull
bureaucratic
adj
pertaining to a government
hieroglyphic
adj
pertaining to a script written with pictures, like that of the ancient Egyptians
be familiar with
v phrase
working knowledge n
6-2
She learned valuable lessons during her useful internship with the law firm.
adj
useless
exciting
There were several bureaucratic hoops to jump through in order to get the bill passed by Congress. Hieroglyphic script was found on the walls deep inside the hidden caves.
She is very familiar with the cultural ettiquette of Korea after living there for nearly a decade. Linguists have a working knowledge of a strong enough understanding about some of the dead languages of the a subject to put it into practice world. After sustaining an injuring during the opening number, the dancer was occurring after replaced by the understudy for all subsequent performances. The teacher asked for a volunteer to to figure out; to arrive at work out the story problem on the chalk board. The Central Intelligence Agency was to convert something into intelligible able to decode the message and warn text the President of eminent attacks on the Capitol Building. well-acquainted with
pictographic
accustomed to
unfamiliar with
following
earlier
subsequent
adj
work out
v
decode
v
pivotal
adj
extremely important
discern
v
to understand
unprecedented
adj
The inauguration of President Barack never before experienced; unparalleled Obama was an unprecedented event in exceptional American history.
usual
idiom
n
an expression whose meaning is not apparent from the meanings of its individual words
Students who are learning English as a second language usually study common expression expressions and idioms.
standard
decryption
n
decoding
A secret password is required in order to deciphering begin the process of decryption.
encoding
yield
v
to produce
figure out
v phrase
to determine; to understand
The experience played a pivotal role in the woman's life.
develop
interpret
encode
critical
unimportant
She is very intuitive and able to discern whether or not someone is telling the determine truth.
The company yielded a meager profit during the final quarter of the year. It was difficult to figure out where the faint noise was coming from.
bear solve
disregard
withhold
do-it-yourself testing kit
n
a set of tools that can be used by people with no special training to perform scientific tests
maximize
v
to make as large or as great as possible
pigment
n
a substance that gives color to the The child was curious to know why the surface or skin of plants, animals, and pigment of her skin was darker than her colorant humans parents.
turn A into B
v phrase
to transform A into B
foliage
n
the leaves on a plant
hinder
v
to create difficulty for
6-3
The bank maximized the limit on her credit card as a result of her prompt payment history.
The solar panels take the sunlight and turn it into energy. The foliage in the park is beautiful vegetation during this time of year. Their cultural differences hindered their impede communication with each other.
v phrase
concentration
n
chemical fertilizer
n
manure
n
supplement
v
harm A with B
v phrase
to hurt A by giving it B
aquatic
adj
relating to water
play a key role in
v phrase
to have an important effect on
provide A with B
v phrase
to give B to A
She may have been homeschooled, but her parents provided her with an excellent education.
it is absolutely necessary to
It is essential that the ambassador to Spain receives this message prior to midnight.
the relative amount of a given substance in a particular area a synthetic substance that enhances the soil to help plants grow animal excrement (poop) to complete or enhance something else when added
bleach
assist
The rules of the company are applied to all employees, regardless of their position or seniority.
be applied to
It is essential that
to be put on
She purchased a do-it-yourself testing kit to test for adequate amounts of nutrients in the soil.
There is a high concentration of silver accumulation located in this mine. The gardener preferred to use organic fertilizer rather than chemical fertilizer. Manure is an extremely effective organic droppings He supplemented the diet of the sick supply horse with three scoops of special oats. The impressive athlete harmed his reputation and endorsement career with demonstrations of irresponsible behavior. He thoroughly enjoys all types of aquatic marine The media played a key role in undermining the candidate's campaign.
separation
subtract
it is critical that
it is not important
mixture
division
to be reluctant to
to be eager to
combination
n
a group of things that have been put together
The performance involves a combination of dancing, singing, and instrumental music.
be hesitant to
v phrase
to be unsure about doing something
He is very hesitant to get involved in the family dispute.
break down into coin apply A to B
v phrase v v phrase
to separate into parts to use first; to invent to relate A to B
The students were broken down into groups of three. Franz Roh coined the term "magical reali formulate The painter applied gesso to the bare canvas.
contrary to
in opposition to
perspective
n
People should travel outside of their the point of view from which a story is home country to get a different told perspective on the world.
traitorous
adj
isolation underscore emulate supernatural encounter at the hands of out of order
6-4
Contrary to popular belief, I do enjoy going to the gym.
adj phrase
counter to
in agreement with
viewpoint
The traitorous spy sold government unfaithful secrets to the Russians. He lived the majority of his life in the state of being alone and away from n complete isolation in the Alaskan aloneness others wilderness. She underscored her lines in the play v to highlight or stress emphasize with an orange highlighter. v to try to be like; to imitate He tried to emulate the teachings of Jesu mimic mysterious things that are not of this Some people believe that supernatural adj paranormal world watch over and protect us. His encounter with the moose was n an unexpected meeting experience extremely frightening. adv phrase by the actions of The soldier died at the hands of the insurgents. The pictures in the photo album were adj phrase not in the correct sequence completely out of order. disloyal
loyal togetherness overlook
earthly evasion
chaotic
adj phrase
disorganized
The peace talks escalated into a heated debate and became so chaotic that the disordered meeting had to be adjourned and rescheduled for a later date.
organized
non-linear
adj phrase
not in a straight line
The non-linear storyline of the movie created confusion among the viewers.
linear
sequence
n
an arranged series of things, actions, or events
play a significant role in
v phr phras ase e
to have have an impo import rtan antt par partt in in
criterion
n
definitively
adv
dwarf planet
n
proper
adj
terminology
n
spherical
adj
Three distinct events have played a significant role in the development of her character.
There is a list of criteria that must be a principle used to evaluate or test met in order to apply for the something scholarship. in a way that cannot be argued; We are definitively optimistic about the absolute upcoming surgery. a body in space that orbits the sun, but Although it was previously known as has not cleared the area around its one of the main planets, Pluto has been orbit of other masses or celestial redefined as a dwarf planet. bodies in a strict limited sense, as a Please wear proper attire to the charity designation event. the vocabulary or words used in a The professor used terminology that specific field was unfamiliar to the students. ball-shaped
haphazard
We had to put the events of the story in the correct sequence according to when series they happened.
Planets are spherical bodies in outer space.
rule
guess
decisively
uncertainly
true
improper
vocabulary round
flat
distinguish from
v phrase
to mark as different from
She is distinguished from her identical twin by the birthmark near the corner of different from her eye.
similar to
celestial
adj
relating to the sky or outer space
Astronomers study celestial bodies, such as stars, comets, and planets.
earthly
dispute
v
The two factions disputed the central to disagree or argue about something mountainous region for several decades contest before finally reaching a compromise.
agree
eclipse
n
the obscuration of the light of the sun They stayed up until the wee hours of or moon by a celestial body, body, such as the night in order to witness the lunar the earth or moon eclipse.
reveal
phras ase e make good guesses v phr
to make make acc accur urat ate e ass assum umpt ptio ions ns
By looking through his binoculars, the birdwatcher was able to make good guesses about the size of the falcon.
diameter
the width of a circle or sphere
The diameter of Jupiter is about eleven times greater than that of Earth.
up to
adv phrase phrase as much much as
be composed of
v phrase
in addition to
adv phrase as well as
to be made up of
veil
breadth
Television ratings increased by up to twenty percent during the week of season premieres. Jupiter and Saturn are composed primarily of hydrogen and helium. He is going to enroll in Advanced Biology in addition to Physics II.
besides
excluding
out of the ordinary
The professors eccentric behavior amused his students.
irregular
normal
oval-shaped
The singer wore very large, elliptical earrings to the awards ceremony.
oblong
of an abnormal size or extent
The exaggerated number reported for company profits caused confusion about extravagant the financial state of the company.
a flat surface that continues in all directions sloping or forming an angle with something else
The child rested his head on the plane face of the table in a state of exhaustion. The ladder is inclined against the side of angled the building.
be used as a tool to v phr phras ase e ~
to be empl employ oyed ed as an inst instru rume ment nt to ~
The Internet is used as a tool to perform various functions involved with communication, research, and business among other things.
reformist
n
advocating change
The presidential cabinet has proposed several reformist policies designed to boost the economy and change the health care system.
spin
n
a viewpoint, bias, or interpretation meant to influence public opinion
eccentric elliptical
6-5
n
heavenly
adj adj
exaggerated
adj
plane
n
inclined
adj
The journalist put a unique spin on the st slant
simplified
level
social reform movement
n
social injustice
n
stir up
v phrase
take notice of
v phrase
tabloid
n
sensational
adj
publicize
v
align
v
that is not to say that ~
6-6
ally
n
condemnation
n
slaughterhouse
n
a campaign that seeks to make gradual changes to a society
Muckrakers helped to force society to look at the social reform movements of the 20th Century.
an act of unfairness or c ruelty against Many social injustices have been a group of people committed against minority groups. The reintroduction of wolves into the area stirred up a heated debate to instigate; to bring to one's attention prompt between the animal conservationists conservationists and the farmers. By protesting in front of City Hall, they to pay attention to forced politicians to take notice of their grievances. It is hard not to notice the tabloids near a type of newspaper that features the checkout counter at the exaggerated stories supermarket. There was a sensational story in the news reports that aim to shock people newspaper about a monkey that could scandalous read a book. The media finally publicized the corrupt dealings of the government. It was difficult to align the pictures with to be on someone's side each other because the wall was circular. I'm really disappointed in your behavior, a phrase used to show that what was but that's not to say that I don't love said is not limited to one meaning you. She will be a good ally for us in our a friendly association cause because she knows a lot about the issue. the act of strongly disapproving of The condemnation of the plan was something agreed on by all members. The livestock were ushered into the a place where livestock is butchered slaughterhouse to meet their fate. to make well known
stop
ordinary
broadcast
hide
affiliate
separate
partner
enemy
reproach
approval
butchery
catch the attention v phr phras ase e of many raise awareness v phr phras ase e about
Her outrageous outfit caught the to att attra ract ct the the inte intere rest st of a lot lot of peo peopl ple e attention of many people in the park. The young girl is selling bracelets to to incr increa ease se the the lev level el of kno knowl wled edge ge of raise awareness about autism.
regulation
n
an official rule, law, or order
The health inspector paid a visit to the restaurant to make sure that the owners ordinance were following all of the regulations.
rem remedy edy pro probl blem ems s
v phr phras ase e
to fix fix trou roubles blesom ome e is issues
The woman hired a handyman to help remedy some of the problems with the leaky pipes.
overlook
v
to choose to ignore or disregard something
The judges agreed to overlook her absence during the photo shoot since she was attending the funeral of her grandfather.
neglect
lawlessness
address
it is taken for granted that ~
to treat with indifference; to use or accept without proper appreciation
For the majority of his life, it was taken for granted that he would always be able to work, so when he became disabled, he suffered from extreme depression and stress over financial losses. Martin Luther King Jr. envisioned a less prejudice conceive and less racial America
envision
v
to imagine or picture in one's mind
conceive
v
to imagine; to develop an idea of
as well
adv phrase also
convention
n
in this manner
adv phrase in this way
accomplish
v
to reach a goal
She accomplished her goal of be coming a heart surgeon by her thirty-second achieve birthday.
fail
ultimately
adv
in the end
She couldn't decide between attending Harvard or Stanford university, but at last ultimately decided on Stanford because of its location in California.
first
continuity
n
spectator
n
a usual way of doing things
the state of being c onsistent or continuous a person who watches an event or performance
merely
adv
nothing more than
comical
adj
funny
in a sense
adv phrase in a way
participation
n
the act of joining in an activity
be forced into
v phrase
to be made to do something against one's will
It is hard to conceive of being unemployed, but that is a reality that many people are facing.
think
When we announced our plans to take a Mediterranean cruise, my mom too suggested that she come along as well. Guests should always follow conventions at parties by always tradition thanking the host. By cooking the turkey in this manner, it will be ready to serve in just a few hours, and it will be even juicier and more flavorful than if it were cooked by conventional means.
Continuity in a child's life is crucial to stability their development. The spectators stood up throughout the observer entire soccer match. It was merely a coincidence that both people met each other. Overall, the movie was very comical, but there were a few moments that were extremely serious and heartwrenching. She is, in a sense, the only person that her mother trusts. His participation in the game was absolutely necessary for them to win, because he was their best player. The suspect was forced into giving a false confession.
interruption participant
only
humorous
serious
involvement
observation
made to
volunteer for
7-1
alienation effect
n
a theatrical device which forces The alienation effect was employed to audience members to become critical get the audience to be active observers participants in the story.
have negative results
v phrase
to cause unfavorable outcomes
discriminately
adv
with sense and reason
distracting
adj
tending to cause one to lose focus
put faith in
v phrase
to trust
The injured hiker had no choice but to put faith in the rescuer's life saving techniques.
fool
v
to make believe that something false is true
The scam artist fooled the woman into giving him money by posing as a disabled veteran.
raise the question
v phrase
to cause a question to be asked
His behavior raises the question of whether or not he is mature enough to live on his own.
accurately
adv
in a manner that is free from error
He was not able to accurately describe the suspect.
representative realism
n
a philosophical idea that people can only perceive the world through their impressions and ideas acquired from their senses
John Locke is known as the father of representative realism.
hail
v
to enthusiastically approve
The students hailed their teacher as a being a good person.
perceive
sensation subjective for certain end up ~ing property agree on whether or not
Although his intentions were good, his actions had negative results. She acted discriminately during the emergency situation. Could you please speak more quietly, the noise is very distracting.
distinctly
trick
precisely
erroneously
acclaim
slight
While the other workers were depressed about the state of the company, the recognize woman perceived an opportunity to receive a promotion. The sensation of touching the hot a physical feeling derived from the n burner was extremely unpleasant and perception senses painful. Music album reviews are subjective by adj belonging to the individual mind nature, thus I am not usually influenced personal by them. adv phrase without a doubt No one knows for certain what tomorrow absolutely I was going to go to the gym to exercise, but I ended up going to the v phrase to do something at last spa for a pedicure and manicure instead. An element has both physical and n any trait or attribute proper to a thing feature chemical properties. They did not agree on how to discipline v phrase to share the same opinion about the unruly children. She must decide whether or not she will a conjunction used to introduce an conj accept the position of Secretary of alternative, clause, or element State. v
to understand or think about something in a particular way
indiscriminately
overlook
objective uncertainly
7-2
more or less
adj phrase
to some extent; about
solve a difficult problem
v phrase
to find an answer for a troublesome issue
be known by many v phrase
well-known
fundamental
basic
pulley of all time end up ~ing renowned for its own sake call upon contention
adj
He is more or less the only candidate qualified for the position.
roughly
It took three experts to solve a difficult problem related to the mysterious lights. Thomas Jefferson is known by many as the primary author of the United States famous Declaration of Independence. The fundamental difference between the two education philosophies is that one believes in allowing the child to dictate what he wants to learn.
primary
a lifting device made up of a rope in a Pulleys are used on construction sites to grooved wheel lift concrete slabs. Michael Jordan is considered one of the adj phrase ever greatest basketball players of all time. I was going to go to the gym to exercise, but I ended up going to the v phrase to do something at last spa for a pedicure and manicure instead. Her grandfather was a renowned adj well-known; famous notable pianist. for the purpose of its own good, The woman enjoyed composing music adv phrase without the intention of becoming for its own sake and refused to play her famous for pieces in front of an audience. The President is calling upon all citizens v phrase to appeal to to donate their time to community ask service. It has always been my contention that n a dispute or struggle the egg came first, but my father insists conflict it was the chicken.
unknown
secondary
n
unknown
tell good will
thrust
v
to move something quickly and powerfully
She thrust her husband into the race for shove a seat on the city council.
withdraw
absorption
n
preoccupation; complete attention
Absorption is the process in which grains of rice soaks up the water in which it is immersed.
boredom
crank
n
a device for turning
Old automobiles were started by turning lever a crank located near the engine.
irrigation
n
a man-made system of watering crops
Since many places do not get water, farmers often use irrigation to get water to those places through channels.
suspicion
n
a feeling, without proof, that something is wrong
There were many suspicions towards the wrestler, who had suddenly built many muscles.
hunch
displacement
n
an amount (of water) moved
shift
v phrase
to lead the way and break barriers so that others can follow with less difficulty
The displacement of the people was caused by the hurricane.
pave the way for
Susan B. Anthony helped pave the way for women to be treated with equality.
concentration
sprinkling
fact
7-3
The water circumscribed the submarine and applied a great amount of pressure bound to its walls.
free
in the end
She couldn't decide between attending Harvard or Stanford university, but at last ultimately decided on Stanford because of its location in California.
first
a category or class of art form
Poetry, fiction and nonfiction are some of the genres we will read this year in English class.
circumscribe
v
to surround or enclose
ultimately
adv
genre
n
synthesis
n
syncopation
n
earn a living
v phrase
modification
n
a changed version
accompany
v
to go with
There is a lot of stress that accompanies escort planning a wedding.
to put on the same level with
Thanks to their counseling sessions, the couple's ideals and priorities are beginning to line up with one another.
line up with
v phrase
type
the combination of separate units into The menu contained dishes that were a fusion a coherent whole synthesis of Asian and Western food. a shifting of the accent in music to a The rapper used syncopation to make weak beat his song more original. to make an income to support oneself Her father earns a living by working as an electrician. with
with the emergence adv phrase with the development of of
After the first rocket failed to launch, the scientists made many modifications alteration to the original design.
adj phrase
the start of
light-hearted
adj
carefree
novelty
n
a passing fad
The store specialized in novelties from the 1970s. The well-respected leader was placed in the ranks of the world's most influential people.
Although the professor appeared to be very stern, he really had a lighthearted cheerful personality. trend
place in the ranks of
v phrase
to put in the same category as
nominated for
adj phrase
to propose as a potential recipient of an award, position, honor, etc.
Slumdog Millionaire has been nominated for ten Academy Awards.
to put up for
Many Americans have the stereotype that all Asians are good in math.
cliché
n
a generalized image or conception
issue a stamp
v phrase
to release a stamp that will be duplicated in large numbers and collected or used as postage on mail
realize
v
to make real; to bring to reality
abandon
Cassette tapes became obsolete with the emergence of compact discs. The stiffness in his joints is a sign of the onset of arthritis.
the onset of
stereotype
division
The US Postal Service will issue a stamp with the image of the new president. Her dreams were realized when she played the cello at Carnegie Hall.
actualize
serious
potential
7-4
n
the possible outcome
He has so much potential, but he just doesn’t apply himself.
promise
to lead the way and break barriers so Susan B. Anthony helped pave the way that others can follow with less for women to be treated with equality. difficulty an invention or improvement on an The Internet is, hands down, the most variation existing technique or tool important innovation of our time.
pave the way for
v phrase
innovation
n
round up
v phrase
to increase to the next whole number
Many people estimate their expenses by rounding up to the nearest dollar.
disproportionately
adv
to an extent that is out of proportion
Wealth is currently distributed very disproportionately among the people of the Earth.
pricing strategy
n
contradict
v
a method for setting prices on merchandise to go against
The company implemented an effective new pricing strategy. He said he was at home Thursday night, oppose
negligible
adj
The cost of getting the car fixed is so small that it is meaningless or trivial negligible compared to what could have minute happened.
generate
v
to produce
fractional
adj
impossibility
tradition
confirm significant
We may have to close that branch because it does not generate enough sales.
create
destroy
relating to fractions
The homeword consisted primarily of fractional problems.
partial
whole
bump the price
v phrase
to make an increase in the price
The marketing team suggesting bumping the price of the product up a few dollars to make more profit.
comparative
adj
based on the examination of two or more things in order to identify similarities and differences
The comparative characteristics could be distinguished only by close examination.
relative
distort
v
to twist or deform
Many cult and extremist movements usually come about because someone distorts a doctrine.
contort
straighten
at stake
adj phrase
at risk of being lost
grow so accustomed to
v phrase
get used to
exclusive
adj
high-priced; expensive
fancy
cheap
cognitive dissonance
n
anxiety that results from having contradicting ideas at the same time
simultaneously
adv
at the same time
Pride is not the only thing at stake in this competition. We've grown so accustomed to our freedom that we often take it for granted. This exclusive community requires residents to earn over a million dollars per year.
She experienced cognitive dissonance over her moral dilemma. The boy was very gifted and was able to concurrently learn five languages simultaneously.
alternately
7-5
His rationalization for driving so fast is a reasonable explanation that is not that it saves time and allows him to justification the true, possibly subconscious reason work more. His family was tired of hearing his selfthe making of excuses for one's justification for being late to every behavior event. It makes sense to set goals for your to be reasonable future because they give you something to focus on and work toward.
rationalization
n
self-justification
n
make sense
v phrase
contemplate
v
to think about
ruse
n
a trick; a deceitful strategy
phenomenon
n
an event; a happening
imprinting
n
a form of rapid learning where a baby Imprinting has drawn a lot of attention becomes strongly attached to a from researchers. specific individual or object
innate
adj
existing since birth
tendency
Her parents were not a very good role model for her, and she seriously contemplated whether she wanted to get married or not.
ponder
disregard
The man's sob story is all a ruse to get the woman's attention.
hoax
truth
The migration of the red crabs is a phenomenon that occurs annually on Christmas Island.
spectacle
normality
Grooming is an innate behavior in cats. inborn They don't have to learn to do it. She has a tendency of leaving her clothes everywhere.
n
an inclination to do something
stimulus
n
Being bullied at school was the stimulus something that encourages a response that prompted me to start self-defense catalyst classes.
lay out
v phrase
to explain at length
incubator
n
prefer A to B
v phrase
mate with
v phrase
critical period
n
a very important interval of time
irreversible
adj
not capable of being changed or reversed
modify
v
to change
turn out
v phrase
to end up as
pathology
n
the science of disease
a heated box for hatching eggs artificially to like something (A) more than another (B) to unite as partners in order to reproduce
impulse
The proctor will lay out the i nstructions display and rules prior to the e xam. The eggs were removed from the hen house and placed in the incubator. I prefer living in the country to living in an apartment in the city. In nature, animals mate with their own breed with species. The adolescent years are a critical period in a child's life. She experienced irreversible brain unalterable damage. If you really want to improve your health, you should modify your eating alter habits to include more fresh vegetables. As it turns out, he is not her biological father. He studied pathology with the hopes of finding a cure for his father's disease.
learned
hindrance neglect
divorce
reversible leave alone
7-6
nurture
n
the collective influences and conditions in an environment which help develop one's character and habits
fascinate
v
to intrigue and hold the attention of
The clown fascinated the little children with his magic tricks.
enthrall
bore
indictment
n
an accusation of wrongdoing
The judge read the indictment before the court.
allegation
absolution
at issue
adj phrase
under discussion or debate
The truth about the woman's age is at issue because it has been suggested that she is too old for the competition.
encounter
v
to meet with unexpectedly
domesticated
adj
prospector
n
bicker
v
end up ~ing
v phrase
return the favor
v phrase
Researchers concluded that nurture, rather than nature, was responsible for upbringing the child's behavior problems.
I encountered many difficult challenges in the meet iron-man course.
used to living in the environment of a The domesticated animals were used to home sleeping inside the house. My parents spent some time in Alaska a person who searches for mineral working as gold prospectors in the deposits or oil in an area 1970s. She constantly bickered with her to argue husband about trivial matters. I was going to go to the gym to exercise, but I ended up going to the to do something at last spa for a pedicure and manicure instead. to do something nice in exchange for We asked them to babysit our children something that has already been done and promised to return the favor one for one day.
mourn one's death v phrase
They are still mourning her death even to grieve the loss of a deceased person though she has been deceased for two years.
counterpoint
n
a parallel but contrasting element
savagery
n
the condition of being cruel, violent, uncivilized
compelling
adj
strongly attractive or forceful
instinct
n
a natural inclination or feeling
find it difficult to
v phrase
long
v
tame
nature
avoid wild
miner squabble
agree
give back to
take away from
The exaggerations and embellishments within the story form a strong counterpoint to the simplistic nature of the main characters. Savagery is often a characteristic ascribed to Native Americans, but they are actually a very peaceful people.
barbarity
The novel was so compelling that I decided to find more books by the same irresistible author.
A mother's instinct tells her when her predisposition child is in pain. to feel that something is a challenge to Teenagers often find it difficult to relate do to their parents. She longs to be reunited with her to desire yearn husband who is a soldier serving in Iraq.
resistible knowledge
dislike
8-1
primitive
adj
uncivilized
His primitive ways were met with hostility by the more refined residents in the community.
ultimately
adv
in the end
She couldn't decide between attending Harvard or Stanford university, but at last ultimately decided on Stanford because of its location in California.
decency
n
servitude
n
behavior that is respectful toward others the condition of having to serve and obey others; slavery
He had the decency to call her when he civility was going to be an hour late. Living in servitude is something most obedience people would not wish to do.
derive from
v phrase
developing country n insufficient
adj
daily intake of vitamin
n phrase
deficiency
n
prevalent
adj
exacerbate
v
adequate
adj
World Health n Organization(WHO) suffer from
v phrase
to obtain from an original source a poor country that desires to become more economically and socially advanced not enough; lacking in something necessary
to experience a disadvantage
subsequent
adj
supplementation
n
fortification
n
cultured
first
indecency mastery
give to
There was an insufficient amount of evidence, to the case was dismissed.
Many people are not aware of their daily intake of vitamins. Pregnant woman often suffer from iron lack deficiency. Forgiveness and love are prevalent common or dominant themes within the teachings of the widespread Bible. My sister’s constant sassing to make worse aggravate exacerbated my mother's anger. In order to thrive, newborn babies need sufficient; enough to receive an adequate supply of suitable nutrients. a department of the United N ations According to the World Health that focuses on improving the health of Organization, hundreds of millions of the world's people and preventing the children are suffering from a deficiency spread of diseases of vitamin A.
adv phrase in an attempt to
n
get from
the amount of vitamins one consumes in a day a shortage in something that is essential
in an effort to
diversification
She derived her answers straight from the text book. The volunteers spent a year building schools in a developing country.
untamed
abundance uncommon soothe insufficient
She is suffering from a severe migraine. He took some prescription medications in an effort to alleviate the pain from his broken wrist.
After sustaining an injuring during the opening number, the dancer was following replaced by the understudy for all subsequent performances. There is controversy surrounding the act of adding something to supply vitamin supplementation and their a deficiency effects. the act of strengthening or improving The fortification of the castle was crucial strengthening defenses in warding off attacks. occurring after
The diversification of the city was one of the quality of introducing or consisting the reasons so many tourists enjoyed multiformity of many different things visiting it.
earlier
weakening uniformity
8-2
eliminate
v
to get rid of
medium
n
an instrument used to convey or accomplish something
implement
v
to put into effect according to a plan
eradicate
v
in reaction to
adv phrase in response to
in terms of cause-and-effect in regard to pessimistic
to eliminate or remove entirely
After her child was diagnosed with diabetes, the mother eliminated all junk remove food from his diet. She represented the tragedy through form the medium of dance. The school implemented a new uniform enforce policy for its students. The mission statement says that their ultimate goal is to eradicate poverty through education and training.
erase
keep
cancel establish
They screamed and jumped up and down in reaction to the news that she was accepted to Stanford.
She offered nothing in terms of a concerning workable solution. a relationship between an action and Babies normally do not understand the n its result or consequence cause-and-effect of their behaviors. He did not know how to respond in adv phrase concerning referring to regard to the current crisis in Darfur. Her mother is a very pessimistic person adj anticipating only gloomy or bad things cynical who complains about everything. adv phrase with regard to
optimistic
adj
expecting good things
The optimistic man brought a feeling of hope and encouragement to the people positive around him.
cope with
v phrase
to handle
The grief counselor helped the students to deal with cope with the death of their friend.
regardless of optimistic pessimistic ignore
Although she was 15, her cognitive skills were not fully developed, and she behaved like a five year old.
cognitive
adj
pertaining to mental processes
fatalistic
adj
believing that negative events are unavoidable
be said to
v phrase
to be reported or stated to
give up
v phrase
to abandon hope
encounter
v
to meet with unexpectedly
I encountered many difficult challenges meet in the iron-man course.
have no control
v phrase
to be helpless; to have no power
Because of her thyroid condition, she often feels that she has no control over her metabolism and weight gain.
espouse
v
to make one's own
Her fatalistic view of life has driven her friends away and left her isolated. The princess is said to be wearing over ten million dollars worth of diamonds. The captives gave up trying to e scape and resigned themselves to being slaves for the rest of their lives.
The manager was slow to espouse the recommendations of the employees.
surrender
marry
fight
avoid
divorce
8-3
prompt
v
to incite; to stimulate something to happen
The unexpected announcement prompted severe criticism from the media and the public.
ascribe
v
to assign or give
The police officer ascribed the blame of charge the accident to poor weather conditions.
have higher selfesteem
v phrase
People who exercise regularly tend to to have a better feeling about oneself have higher self-esteem than those who don't.
narcissistic
adj
adoring oneself above anything else
biomass
n
the quantity of living mass in an environment
minute
adj
very small
radioisotope
n
an atom with an unstable nucleus
microelectrode
n
an electrical device that can deliver an Microelectrodes can be used to measure electric current to a non-metallic the levels of carbon dioxide and oxygen surface in a tiny environment.
radiation
n
energy released in the form of particles, rays, or waves
Though usually considered dangerous, high doses of radiation can also be used as means to kill cancer cells.
a variety of
adj
many different types of
There was a large variety of fruits and vegetables being sold at the market.
PET scan
n
an image of brain activity
Because she was having frequent headaches, her doctor suggested she get a PET scan to check for a possible brain tumor.
tumor
n
an abnormal growth of cells
Doctors recently discovered a cancerous tumor in the woman's brain.
parasite
n
an organism that lives in or on and feeds off of another organism of a different type
After inspecting the specimen, it was confirmed that there was a parasite living in the wolf's intestine.
pathogenic
adj
disease-causing
irradiate
v
to expose to radiation
deliver an electric current
v phrase
to send electricity
micrometer
n
one-millionth of a meter
render
v
to make or cause to be
mortality
n
death
His narcissistic behavior was repulsive to women.
provoke
conceited
The Earth's biomass is primarily made up of microscopic organisms. The change to the script was so minute, tiny everyone disregarded it. Radioisotopes are used to study microbial activity.
prevent
unselfish
giant
lump
Pathogenic bacteria can cause serious illnesses. Doctors irradiated the tumor to kill the cancer cells. When he touched the fence, it delivered an electric current to his hand. The tumor was only fifty micrometers in diameter, but doctors wanted to remove it as soon as possible. The accident rendered the car useless. make We are all subject to mortality for we eventually come to a point in our life, fatality when we must die.
immortality
8-4
morbidity rate
n
the number of people within a given population that have a particular disease
The outbreak of cholera in many African nations caused the world's morbidity rate to increase significantly.
greenhouse gas
n
a gas that absorbs solar radiation which causes the greenhouse effect
More and more greenhouse gas is emitted into the atmosphere each year around the world.
fluctuation
n
continual change
coin
v
to name
boom-and-bust cycle
n phrase
the occurrence of a dramatic fluctuation in a species population from increased numbers to greatly reduced numbers
population growth
n
the increase in the number of people or animals that live in an area
perpetual
adj
never-ending; continuous
conversely
adv
in an opposite or reverse manner
fierce
adj
extremely severe or intense
replenish
v
to make complete again; renew
predation
n
The increased predation by the wolves the preying of one species on another caused farmers to keep a c lose watch on their livestock.
on a yearly basis
adv phrase every year
offspring
n
a child or descendant
at a much slower rate
adv phrase less often
subsequent
adj
occurring after
ample
adj
more than enough
dwindle
v
to gradually decrease
There is a continual fluctuation in the number of customers in the store at one variation time. Franz Roh coined the term "magical reali label Populations tend to fluctuate naturally, but when the population experiences a period of great increase followed by a period in which numbers decrease significantly, it is referred to as a boomand-bust cycle. Population growth is affected by the presence or absence of various factors and conditions such as food and disease. During the time of Hitler, the Jews lived eternal in perpetual fear of being captured. Children should respect their parents; conversely, parents should not aggravate their children. Her opponent was a fierce tennis player. aggressive The aunt allowed them to eat everything in the refrigerator as long as restore they replenished it before they left.
They visit their father's homeland on a yearly basis. The woman's condition did not allow her baby to have offspring.
stagnation
temporary
gentle deplete
parent
Thanks to the new drugs, the woman's disease is progressing at a much slower rate. After sustaining an injuring during the opening number, the dancer was replaced by the understudy for all subsequent performances.
following
They thought they had ample time to get to the party, but they didn't abundant anticipate the accident on the highway. As the evening went on, the candle slowly dwindled down to a snub.
shrink
earlier
insufficient grow
emigrate
8-5
v
to leave one's country or region
play a bigger role in v phrase
to have a larger part in
reach a peak
to come to the highest point
v phrase
They are preparing to emigrate to live in migrate Japan.
Car sales reached a peak this week and are now expected to slowly decrease. Generally speaking, this is the worst song I've ever heard.
generally speaking adv phrase
referring to something in a general way
diminution
n
The diminution of the unwanted weeds the process of reducing or diminishing was accomplished through diligently something spraying the weeds with a strong chemical.
equilibrium
n
the state of being in balance
dysfunction
n
an abnormal or impaired action of a body part
diagnose
v
to identify
be filled with
v phrase
to be completely occupied by
in conjunction with adv phrase joined or combined with disruption
n
an interrupted state of being
be associated with v phrase
to be connected with
prior to
before
adj phrase
remain
Her teachers play a bigger role in her development and education than her inattentive parents.
decrease
enlargement
stability
imbalance
Losing control of one's balance is a dysfunction of the eustachian tube.
malfunction
perfection
After his annual check-up, the doctor diagnosed Arthur with skin cancer and instructed him to seek treatment.
determine
misdiagnose
The diver had a problem with her equilibrium and nearly fell off of the diving platform.
Her parents were filled with a sense of pride as they watched their daughter receive her diploma. The soda company worked in conjunction with the professional athlete. Little Mikey was disciplined at school for disturbance causing disruptions in class. He is associated with Habitat for Humanity. She wants to travel to each continent preceding prior to having children.
after
The young child suffers from asthma and has difficulty breathing after exercising too hard.
have difficulty ~ing v phrase
to find it challenging to
orientation
n
She noticed that the orientation of a position in relation to certain objects certain objects in the room were different than how she had lef t them.
aside from
adv phrase apart from; excluding
blood pressure
n
the measurement of how hard the blood is pushing agains the inner walls I’m on a strict diet to reduce my blood pressure. of the blood vessels
analysis
v
an investigation with the purpose of acquiring results
position
She receives no financial assistance from her parents aside from the money besides she gets for cleaning their house.
After a thorough analysis of all the xrays, a brain tumor was discovered in the anterior cortex.
evaluation
including
8-6
a degenerative disease of the central nervous system
It was terrible to watch the woman suffer from multiple sclerosis for so many years. The doctor checked his blood pressure along with listening to his heartbeat and in addition to lungs and looking in his eyes, ears, and mouth.
multiple sclerosis
n
along with
adv phrase in association with
cope with
v phrase
to handle
The grief counselor helped the students to deal with cope with the death of their friend.
physiotherapist
n
a person who treats people with injuries or impairments by helping them do exercises
The physiotherapist help the woman do physical therapist some stretches to help her back injury.
alleviate
v
to lessen or relieve
The drugs did not alleviate her pain; in fact, it made them worse.
to cause life with ~ to be ~
The terrible pain and loss of mobility makes living with back pain almost unbearable.
make living with
v phrase
in an effort to
adv phrase in an attempt to
take in
v phrase
to absorb; to receive
apart from
ignore
ease
intensify
soak up
give off
He took some prescription medications in an effort to alleviate the pain from his broken wrist. The foreigner took in the sites of the exotic city.
Within the chlorophyll, the light photons are converted into energy packets for the plant to use.
chlorophyll
n
the green pigment found in plants
pollination
n
the process by which pollen is transferred from the anther to the stigma of a plant or flower
primitive
adj
of the earliest kind in existence
His primitive ways were met with hostility by the more refined residents in the community.
old
new
subsequently
adv
at a later time
He was convicted of the charges and subsequently had to serve 30 years in prison.
afterward
before
markedly
adv
conifer
n
penetrate
v
to physically get through
miniscule
adj
very tiny or small
The pollination of the flowers was primarily executed by insects.
The man received a markedly higher considerably raise than his female co-workers. Forests in the Pacific Northwest a tree or shrub, usually with needleprimarily consist of conifers while the shaped leaves, which produces cones forests in the east have more de ciduous trees. The running back penetrated through to a significant extent or degree
the defense to score the winning break through touchdown. The orphans only had a miniscule piece microscopic of toast to eat each morning.
insignificantly
withdraw gigantic
twofold
adj
consisting of two parts
His punishment for receiving a speeding ticket was twofold: he was grounded from social activities for a month, and double he had to ride the bus for the remainder of the school year.
carry out
v phrase
to complete
She carried out the wishes of her deceased father and scattered his ashes accomplish on the peak overlooking his favorite fishing spot.
emit from
v phrase
to be released from
lethal
adj
causing death
A terrible odor was emitting from the refrigerator. The governor worked to keep lethal weapons off the streets.
discharge from
withheld by
deadly
harmless
middle
end
intermediate
adj
being between two stages or points
Since she had some prior experience skiing, she was placed in the intermediate group.
herbivore
n
an animal that feeds on plants
Horses are herbivores. They eat grass and grains, but they don't eat meat.
as a means of
adv phrase as a method of
be capable of
v phrase
to be able to do
sustainable
adj
having the ability to hold or endure without giving in
n
a region or geographic area occupied The dog immediately marked its by an animal or group of animals that domain territory upon arriving at the campsite. is protected against intruding animals
intrude
v
to enter without invitation
compete with
v phrase
to challege or strive against
territoriality
n
the act of an animal defending its domain
The dog expressed territoriality by growling at anyone who came near the pickup.
confrontation
n
a hostile meeting occurring face-toface
The confrontation between the manager and the employee harmed the image of encounter the company.
aggression
n
Warring nations usually show large offensive action, especially that which amounts of violates one's territorial rights aggression towards each other.
Mini Test 2-1 territory
stop
carnivore
She carried a newspaper over her head as a means of protecting her hair from the rain. He is capable of becoming a worldfamous artist. Solar power is sustainable energy because it will always be available, manageable while oil is not because supplies may be depleted.
The strangers intruded on the wedding reception and were immediately asked to leave. He competed with nine other soccer players for one position on the professional team.
unmanageable
invade
withdraw
contest
yield to
attack
peace
peace
She is generous in that she donates a percentage of her income to charity every month. Getting good grades was not his priority; getting a well rounded education was.
in that
conj
because
priority
n
that which is given the highest importance
n
depositing strong-smelling chemicals The dogs used scent marking to such as saliva or urine at key locations establish their territory. within an area to mark one's territory
scent marking
go to great lengths v phrase
They went to great lengths to make to go to a lot of trouble; to put in extra sure they were home for their father's effort 80th birthday.
a good deal of
adj
a significant amount of
deter A from B
v phrase
to discourage A from doing B
trespass on
v phrase
to set foot on or enter without invitation or permission
pronounced
adj
distinct; obvious; clearly marked
off-limits
adj
forbidden to be touched
feline
n
a member of the cat family
this is not the case
this is not the situation
There is a good deal of confusion surrounding the witness's testimony. His parents tried to deter him from joining the military. The hunters were arrested for trespassing on private property. The teacher had pronounced views on how children should be educated. The swimming pool is off-limits after hours. A housecat is a domesticated feline.
intended to be
The young boy thwarted the would-be thief's attempted robbery.
v phrase
to provide somebody (A) with the ability to do something (B)
The elevator enabled the disabled man to travel with ease between the floors in his house.
formulate
v
to develop
exchange information
v phrase
to trade knowledge
The teachers decided to exchange information to get some new ideas for lesson plans.
inhabitant
n
a person that lives in a specified area
The inhabitants of the east coast enjoy four distinct seasons.
pertain
v
to relate to
dead language
n
a language that no longer has any native speakers
Mini Test 2-2 enable A to B
preference
unimportance
invade
retreat
evident
vague
restricted
open
cat
Although one would assume that she would be upset by his rude comments, this is not the case. She simply acknowledged his opinion and thanked him for his time.
adj
would-be
since
potential
When the initial project failed, the team formulated a new plan to present to the devise CEO.
citizen
We ignored the sign that said "do not enter" because we knew it didn't pertain connect to us employees. Many Native American languages are in jeopardy of becoming dead languages.
primary
9-1
adj
first in importance
My primary concern right now is studying so that I can pass my test. The villain met his demise when he accidentally electrocuted himself.
principal
last
ending
birth
demise
n
downfall
vernacular
n
The vernacular of that region is very the native language of a people group different than the English that is taught speech in an area in schools.
have one's foundation in
v phrase
have one's root or beginning in
The country band has its foundation in blue grass music.
get one's start in
v phrase
to have one's beginning in
The actress got her start in the entertainment business by doing television commercials.
take the place of
v phrase
to replace
Mr. Smith is going to take the place of Mrs. Williams while she is on maternity leave.
get out of the way
v phrase
to move so as not to obstruct one's path
She shouted at the man to get out of the way so she could catch her child before he ran into the street.
have an upset stomach
v phrase
to have a stomachache
diarrhea
n
a frequent release of watery feces
take on
v phrase
to acquire
follow in one's footsteps
v phrase
to take the same path of someone or something that came before
He is hoping that his son will follow in his footsteps and play football for the University of Notre Dame.
spread all across the world
v phrase
to disperse around the globe
Images of the superstar's arrest were spread all across the world.
companion
n
a person or animal who is usually in the presence of another as an associate or helper; a friend
It has been suggested that elderly people do significantly better when they partner live with a companion such as a dog.
be capable of
v phrase
be able to do or achieve something
He is capable of becoming a worldfamous artist.
cognitive
adj
pertaining to mental processes
Although she was 15, her cognitive skills were not fully developed, and she behaved like a five year old.
limitation
n
an imposed restriction
Living in the city has many limitations for large families.
except that
adv phrase other than
The child has an up set stomach from eating too much candy on Halloween night. She could not go on the fieldtrip because she had a severe case of diarrhea. The woman was not afraid to take on the responsibilities as head of the event develop committee.
constraint
They had a wonderful vacation in Italy except that their daughter caught a cold but that on the last day of the trip.
reject
enemy
freedom
shuffle
v
cue
n
deductive reasoning n
9-2
The dealer shuffled the cards and began to change the order of items in a group rearrange to pass them out to the poker players. She received cues from the director a signal; a hint prompt during the performance.
order
a line of reasoning that moves from Unlike scientists, mathematicians and the general to the specific or from the logicians use deductive reasoning to cause to the effect arrive at new conclusions. In the absence of his owner, the dog dug through the trash and chewed on his master's loafers.
in the absence of
adv phrase without the presence of
solve problems
v phrase
to find answers for troublesome or confusing issues
remarkable
adj
worthy of notice
She made a remarkable recovery from her surgery and was able to go back to outstanding work in just two weeks.
typical
strikingly
adv
attracting attention for being unusual or remarkable
He looks strikingly similar to Brad Pitt.
ordinarily
The young boy is very good at solving problems that deal with mechanics.
exceptionally
It was by no means a coincidence that they arrived at the same time.
by no means
adv phrase in no way
conclusive
adj
domesticated
adj
readily
adv
apparent
adj
prior to
adv phrase before
liturgical chant
n
by far
adv phrase without a doubt
by no means
adv phrase in no way
regional
adj
characteristic of a particular geographic area
Her husband travels extensively because he is the regional director for a sectional major computer company.
have roots in
v phrase
have origins in
Stepping is a type of dance that has roots in African culture.
borrow from
v phrase
to adopt from another source
It would be wise for our country to borrow successful health care policies from other nations.
offering strong proof; definitive
They did not have conclusive evidence against the suspect, so he was released absolute from jail.
used to living in the environment of a The domesticated animals were used to tame home sleeping inside the house. The salesman was not readily available easily quickly to answer the question. It was apparent that the student had capable of being seen or understood noticeable studied a great deal for the final exam.
a chant relating to religious worship performed in public
She wants to travel to each continent prior to having children.
inconclusive wild
unclear
preceding
after
obviously
questionably
The girl was unfamiliar with the liturgical chant that was being performed by the choir. This is by far the best meal I've had in years. It was by no means a coincidence that they arrived at the same time.
take
give
9-3
Everyone should be able to have health care, regardless of their age, race, and despite pre-existing conditions.
regardless of
adv phrase without concern for
a broad range of
adj phrase
a wide variety of
discordant
adj
quarreling; harsh
place emphasis on
v phrase
to stress; to give importance to
accompaniment
n
The figure skater was trying to choose a musical part that is joined with verse the perfect accompaniment for her or other instruments performance.
backing
orally
adv
by speaking rather than writing
Because he couldn't read English, the test was administered orally.
verbally
in writing
Doctor's were able to pinpoint the cancerous tumor with the help of a microscopic camera.
identify
lose
eloquent
bland
pinpoint
v
to locate exactly
declamatory
adj
in a dramatic way
put the emphasis on
v phrase
to stress; to give importance to
in spite of
adv phrase in defiance of
She has a broad range of work experience. The discordant meeting ended without any resolutions. The warehouse supervisor placed emphasis on safety and efficiency.
The actor performed his role in a declamatory way.
n
appendix
n
a small organ shaped like a pouch Many scientists are still perplexed by located along the intestinal tract of the the appendix. human body It technically serves no real purpose.
tract
n
a major passage in the body
v phrase
come to an agreement
v
to produce and discharge
as to
adv phrase in order to
serve no purpose
v phrase
The digestive tract extends from the mouth to the anus. After hours of deliberating, the jury failed to reach a c onsensus. The duck-billed platypus secretes a deadlexcrete She rolled down the window of her car so as to prevent the interior of the car from overheating.
to have no reason for being
Many scientists are still perplexed by the appendix. It technically serves no real purpose.
shed some light on v phrase
to impart knowledge about
Her confession about her childhood helped to shed some light on her fear of cats.
inhabit
to live in or occupy
I was surprised to find out that people inhabit such places as Siberia.
v
highlight
In spite of her mother's efforts, the little despite girl would not stop crying. After hours of deliberating, the jury unanimity failed to reach a c onsensus.
consensus
secrete
harmonious
Some songs these days put the emphasis on the rhythm of the music rather than the lyrics.
the agreement of the majority of opinions
reach a consensus
clashing
regardful of
reside
because of
disagreement
fill
vacate
on hand
adv phrase in supply and ready to be used
hypothesis
n
conduct research
v phrase
keep A from B
v phrase
cause ailment
v phrase
entirely
adv
flush out
v phrase
third-world country n
9-4
a theory that has yet to be proven to gather facts and data
markedly
adv
clearly noticeable
be sure of
v phrase
to know with certainty
precise
adj
exact
mental disorder
n
n
hinder
v
reality
She is conducting research on the correlation between autism and vaccines containing mercury.
His parents are trying to keep him from hanging out with the wrong crowd. The spoiled food caused ailments such to bring about an sickness or injury as diarrhea and vomiting. I have to admit the accident was completely; totally thoroughly entirely my fault. to wash out, remove, or cleanse with a When soap got in her daughter's eyes, rush of fluid she tried to flush it out with water. a developing nation that is financially The couple devoted their lives to and technologically behind other building schools in third-world nations countries. capable of being distinguished or The faces were not discernable because perceptible noticed the chemicals had smudge the pictures.
adj
narcissism
unavailable
to prevent A from doing B
discernable
multiple-personlity n disorder
She didn't have any aspirin on hand, so available they had to go to the pharmacy. In the end, the experiment proved that guess our hypothesis was, in fact, correct.
The man received a markedly higher raise than his female co-workers.
She could not be sure of his intentions certain unless she asked him directly. It is vital that the measurements for this definite formula are precise.
a disease of the mind characterized by The woman suffers from a mental the impairment of a person's normal disorder and lives in the psychiatric cognitive, emotional, or behavioral ward of the mental institution. functioning a mental condition in which one person displays more than two separate Her cousin was recently diagnosed with identities or personalities that having a multiple-personality disorder. repeatedly take control of the person's behavior extreme fascination with oneself Narcissism is not an attractive quality. Their cultural differences hindered their to create difficulty for communication with each other.
heritable
adj
able to be carried on through the genes of a parent to a child
inevitably
adv
unavoidably
play a role in
v phrase
notion
n
considerably
The heritable traits the child received from his mother are his big blue eyes and curly, blond hair.
partially
indistinct insignificantly unsure ambiguous
mental illness
dissociative identity disorder vanity impede
assist
genetic
acquired
Most people that fantasize about winning the lottery will inevitably come surely to their senses.
The assistant football coach played a have a part in; to be partly responsible role in encouraging the teen to try out for for the position of quarterback. a belief about something We had the notion that you were taking cidea
avoidably
9-5
related to the division between two distinct conditions
The child was diagnosed as being borderline ADHD (Attention Deficit Hyperactivity Disorder).
borderline
adj
by no means
adv phrase in no way
conclusive
adj
offering strong proof; definitive
distorted
adj
twisted or misleading
exaggerate
v
to overstate or embellish
The woman exaggerated the seriousness of the situation which magnify resulted in the fire department sending ten fire trucks to the scene.
minimize
verify
v
to confirm
The boss asked the supervisor to verify the claim before a decision was made to substantiate sack the employee.
disprove
go through
v phrase
to endure
The elderly woman did not want to go through the hassle of moving again.
experience
forego
retain
v
to continue to have something
keep
lose
on an individual level
adv phrase relating to one person
overwhelmed
adj
The student is overwhelmed by the to supply with an excessive amount of amount of homework she has to do something tonight.
overwrought
untroubled
dramatically
adv
in an impressive or considerable manner
arbiter
n
a person with ultimate authority over a The arbiter stepped in to offer an dispute or issue unbiased opinion on the situation.
mediator
predecessor
n
someone or something that comes before another
precurser
successor
previously
adj
occurring at a prior time
earlier
later
phenomenon
n
an event; a happening
spectacle
normality
electricity
n
electric current regarded as a source of power
People today cannot imagine life without power
n
the properties of attraction held by magnets
Magnetism is directly related to electricity.
magnetism
brink
midst
It was by no means a coincidence that they arrived at the same time. They did not have conclusive evidence against the suspect, so he was released absolute from jail. She had a distorted understanding of a marriage because she grew up without a father.
She retained her identity and moral values despite being mocked and pressured by her classmates.
inaccurate
inconclusive
accurate
She related well to her date on an individual level, but she was very shy i n group settings.
Since the student began receiving help significantly from a tutor, her grade in math has dramatically improved.
Our predecessors contributed much to the expansion of the country. The newlywed couple was previously residing with the woman's parents. The migration of the red crabs is a phenomenon that occurs annually on Christmas Island.
insignificantly
relevant to
adj phrase
important or connected to the issue
capable of
v phrase
able to do or achieve something
in turn
adv phrase as a result
sensor
n
prior to
adv phrase before
discern
v
to perceive or recognize a measure of the amount that can be held
become the standard
v phrase
The Internet is quickly becoming the to become the norm; to become what standard form of communication for is regularly accepted or approved people of all ages.
thanks to
adv phrase on account of
sensitivity
n
We need to judge the sensitivity of the the quality of being quick to respond to equipment to slight changes get an accurate reading.
implementation
n
the act of enforcing or putting something to use
Since the implementation of the security cameras, crime on campus has application decreased by twelve percent.
in circumstances being different from those present to leave an impression that will last a long time
She was able to relax for a few minutes on an otherwise hectic day. His patience and support had a lasting impact on the troubled teen. He is stay up-to-date on current issues because he reads multiple newspapers, watches the news report on television, modern and checks the internet for the days events.
v phrase
up-to-date
adj
current
mobile computing
n
the ability to use technology while moving
malnutrition
n
the condition of having inadequate nutrition
after overlook
When Michael Jackson had his concert in Korea, the stadium was filled to its quantity capacity.
n
have a lasting impact on
irrelevant
He played tough defense, which in turn caused his opponent to lose control of the ball. When they exited the store, they triggered a sensor that sounded an alarm. She wants to travel to each continent preceding prior to having children. The woman was unable to discern the distinguish difference between the wines.
capacity
otherwise
9-6
a device that detects physical stimuli
Students learn faster when the material they are learning is relevant to their pertinent lives. He is capable of becoming a worldfamous artist.
Thanks to the invention of the ipod, I can watch my favorite shows while working out on the elliptical runner.
because of
acuteness
The invention of handheld computer devices and advanced cell phones has enabled people to keep in touch through mobile computing. Many African children suffer from malnutrition since they don’t have enough food to eat.
malnourishment
insensitivity
outdated
be more likely to
v phrase
to have a higher chance of
adverse
adj
negative, unpleasant, or harmful
He is more likely to attend a community college close to home rather than a prestigious school like Harvard. The benefits of the drug outweighed the detrimental adverse effects.
She claims that her growth was stunted stunted adj slowed; shortened from drinking too much coffee at such an early age. Initial relief for the war-torn country come in the form of v phrase to appear as came in the form of medical supplies and food. The spoilage in the refrigerator was spoilage n the result of food becoming unfit to eat producing a terrible odor. Due to the small circumference of her due to adv phrase on account of head, she could only wear children's hats. treatment facilities work to Water a substance that pollutes or causes contaminant n remove the contaminants from the something to be impure or dirty drinking water. Surprisingly, the man had extremely hygienic adj clean; helpful in preventing disease good hygienic habits.
10-1
alternative
adj
an option; a different choice
resemble
v
to be similar to somebody or something in appearance or behavior
malnourished
adj
suffering from inadequate nutrition
diminish
v
to become less
in terms of
adv phrase with regard to
They had an alternative plan in case it rained.
halted
increased
rottenness because of
pollutant sanitary
dirty
substitute
The child resembled his parents in appeatake after When the police found the children, they were badly m alnourished. The massage relieved her tension and diminished her headache. She offered nothing in terms of a workable solution. The wife supplemented their income by babysitting.
advantageous
differ
emaciated
healthy
reduce
increase
concerning
supplement
v
to complete or enhance something else when combined
panacea
n
a solution or remedy to all of the problems
Many obese people see gastric bypass surgery as a panacea to their weight problems, but it's not.
cure-all
combat
v
to fight
She is combating cancer with the strength of a warrior.
contest
be a key element in v phrase
to be an important factor in
Her extensive knowledge in the field was a key element in selecting her for the position.
rely on
v phrase
to place trust in; to depend upon
She relies heavily on her instincts regarding people of the opposite sex.
prevalence
n
widespread; occurring frequently
phishing scam
n
an attempt by a computer user to gain Internet users must be aware of the another user's sensitive information by dangers of phishing scams. impersonating a trustworthy website
enhance
subtract
surrender
count on
The prevalence of computer usage among teens is not a bad thing if it can regularity be carefully monitored.
irregularity
markedly
10-2
adv
clearly noticeable
The man received a markedly higher raise than his female co-workers.
considerably
impersonate
v
to pretend to be someone or something else
I was impersonating my coworker when he walked in the room behind me. I felt imitate so bad.
appropriate
v
to steal
Identity thieves have all sorts of scams designed to appropriate important personal information.
incidence
n
a frequency
vulnerability
n
the state of being open to harm
relatively
adv
by comparison
emergence
n
the act of appearing
be cautious of
v phrase
to be careful or wary of
authentic
adj
genuine; not fake or copied
browser
n
disregard
v
The incidence of teen pregnancy was rate quite high that year. His vulnerability was considered a great susceptibility weakness in the campaign.
differ from
give
protected
Students from wealthier families do relatively better than students from low comparatively income families. The emergence of fast food threatened development the physical well being of children. It is wise to be cautious of entering websites that you are unsure about. We went to China Town to have real authentic Chinese food.
The browser allows you to venture a computer program that allows a user through the search engine to access pages on the Internet internet. to ignore The mother disregarded her son’s constadiscount
disappearance
false
regard
The congressman is working to develop legislation to protect children from Internet predators.
develop legislation v phrase
to form laws
face fines and imprisonment
to be subject to paying a set amount of If you break the law, you could face money or going to prison as a fines and imprisonment. consequence for one's actions
v phrase
take
insignificantly
could be fined up to v phrase
to have the possibility of being forced In some states, you can be fined up to to pay any amount that is not more $1000 for littering along the side of the than road.
could be jailed for up to five years
v phrase
to have the possibility of going to jail Her father could be jailed for up to five or prison for an amount of time that is years if he is f ound guilty of tax evasion. not more than five years
take lightly
v phrase
to not be too serious or concerned about something; brush aside
Imprisonment is not something to take lightly.
convict of
v phrase
to find or declare one guilty of
If he is convicted of involuntary manslaughter, he could spend the next ten years in prison.
profitability
n
The board members were becoming the quality of yielding money or being concerned about the long-term beneficial profitability of the company.
brush off
take seriously
worth
disadvantage
restructuring
n
the organization of something in a The company is undergoing serious different way so it will operate better corporate restructuring.
horizontal merger
n
the union of two companies that produce similar goods or services
eliminate
v
to get rid of
After her child was diagnosed with diabetes, the mother eliminated all junk remove food from his diet.
be no effect on
v phrase
cause no change in
While common citizens are suffering from financial hardships due to the depression, there will likely be no effect on professional athletes.
share
n
vertical merger
n
distribute
v
reduce its expenditures on
v phrase
to lower the amount of money that is spent
tie up
v phrase
to render unavailable for other uses
She tied up the phone line for more than three hours while talking to her boyfriend in Ireland.
restrict
free
rival
n
a business, team, or person that competes with another
All fans are excitedly awaiting the match between East Medville and their long-time rival, West Medville.
adversary
companion
conglomerate merger
n
the union of two companies that have no common interest and are in completely different markets
Both companies stood to gain financially from the conglomerate merger.
make up for the losses
v phrase
to produce or yield more in order to cover for a poor pe rformance
reduce risk
v phrase
to lower the chance of danger or loss
concentrate
v
He tried to concentrate on the exam, to give attention to one aim or activity but he couldn't stop thinking about the pretty girl sitting next to him.
focus
distract
initiate
v
to introduce, start, or set in motion
The principal wanted to know which of the two girls initiated the fight.
begin
end
instead of
adv phrase as a substitute for
suffice
v
at a rapid rate
adv phrase at a very fast pace
The horizontal merger of the competing record labels shocked the entertainment industry.
The chief executive officer naturally has an equitable portion of capital stock a large share in the company. the union of two companies that produce different goods or services in The vertical merger is expected to order to make one specific final officially take place next month. product The protestors were not allowed to to ship and deliver to customers dispense distribute their flyers near the school.
to be enough for
keep
collect
The corporation vowed to reduce its expenditures on unnecessary items like free caffinated beverages.
The salesmen tried to make up for the losses the car dealership experienced last month. One way to reduce risks associated with heart disease, is to exercise regularly.
They are going to spend a quiet evening at home together instead of going salsa rather than dancing. The paper sufficed in meeting all the req satisfy Their family business is growing at a rapid rate.
dissatisfy
10-3
from the ground up adv phrase
starting at the bottom and building upward
She built her own j ewelry company from the ground up.
retain
v
to continue to have something
She retained her identity and moral values despite being mocked and pressured by her classmates.
brevity
n
the use of few words
from the time
adv phrase since a certain moment
the upper class
n
the highest class of people based on their wealth, family connections, etc. able to pay for without experiencing hardship able to read and write a trip a spiritual person makes to a holy place involving a combination of social and economic matters
afford
v
literate
adj
pilgrimage
n
socioeconomic
adj
buffoon
n
someone who behaves in a silly and annoying way
ridiculous
adj
inviting or inspiring ridicule; foolish
satirical in one's own right
using humor to criticize people or adj things to make them seem silly in writing or art adv phrase independent of others
it is not until ~ that …
prior to ~ something did not exist or occur
The professor was not known for his brevity. From the time she was born, she expressed a desire to dance. The upper class tends not to mingle with people who are socially beneath them. He could not afford to attend an out-ofstate university. Only literate people frequented the library. Many Muslims try to make a pilgrimage to Mecca at least once in their life. A lot of very wealthy people are conscious of their socioeconomic status. He looked like a complete buffoon on stage.
keep
lose
conciseness
long-windedness
elite
lower class
have the means for educated
fool
His ridiculous behavior embarrassed his absurd entire family. The high school students truly enjoyed sarcastic the performance of the satirical play. Her mother is an outstanding pianist in her own right.
sensible
It was not until she learned of her father's deadly disease that she was able to reconcile with him.
gain popularity
v phrase
to increase the favor of the general public
sympathize with
v phrase
to have a feeling of compassion for
installment
n
one of several parts of a story that is published at different times in a magazine
This is the fourth and final installment of episode the story.
accessible to
adj phrase
available to
The advisor made herself more accessible to the students by giving them her home phone number.
for the first time
adv phrase for the moment before all others
ensure
v
to guarantee; to make certain
illiterate
journey
The pop group is quickly gaining popularity among adolescents. She sympathized with the young mother, knowing exactly what she was going through. whole
For the first time in my life, I think I am truly in love. The marketing department will ensure that the new product gets plenty of local exposure.
secure
question
10-4
solve conflicts
v phrase
to resolve hostile situations
nonassertive
adj
not lacking in confidence, but not overly aggressive
intimidate
v
to fill with fear
The principal is getting good at solving conflicts between students and faculty members. Her nonassertive managing style suited the employees. Mary intimidated the others by always threaten having the answers for everything. The humiliation of forgetting the lyrics to the national anthem is almost too much for her to bear.
humiliation
n
the state of feeling extreme embarrassment or shame
embarrassment
n
the state of feeling shame at the exposure of one's mistake, guilt, or inadequacy
volatile
adj
tending to become violent
The stock market is notoriously volatile explosive during wartime.
party
n
an individual or group representingf one side of an issue or conflict
The political parties are set up so the voice of many could be represented rather than side the individual.
be in danger of
v phrase
to be at risk of
They are in danger of losing their home to foreclosure.
exacerbate a problem
v phrase
to make a problem worse
get one's way
v phrase
to receive what one wants
in contrast with
adv phrase
demonstrating the opposite of; different to
antagonism
n
hostility
n
mortification
Her face turned red at the embarrassment of being forced onto the uneasiness stage in front of her peers.
indirect
perpetuate
v
to continue; to carry on
pretense
n
a false show of behavior
amiable
adj
friendly
escalate
v
to increase the intensity
comfort calm
The spoiled girl is used to getting her way all the time. In contrast to her twin's extroverted personality, Sandra is introverted and enjoys staying home on the weekends to read books.
His antagonism only made the situation discord worse. There is a lot of hostility between the resistance or opposition to something antagonism warring nations.
adj
glorification
His hostile attitude usually exacerbates a problem rather than helping to solve the conflict.
hostile behavior
roundabout
encourage
He invited her to the dance in a roundabout way. He worked hard to perpetuate his father's legacy.
harmony agreement
deviating
direct
maintain
stop
He enter the house on the pretence that he was going to fix the refrigerator, but deception he really wanted to steal her money. Their break-up was amiable because they cared about each other as friends, cordial but they were not in love with each other. The argument between the two school magnify teams escalated into a fight on the field.
honesty
unfriendly diminish
10-5
oblige
v
to accommodate; to do a favor f or someone
recurring
adj
frequent
conception
n
an idea
I am obliged to tell you that these stocks may lose money in the future. Loss of a father is a recurring theme in Spielberg's movies. Most men do not have any conception of how diffiult it is to be pregnant.
assist
be mean
repetitive
occasional
thought
being
The complexity of the computer program caused great headache for the elaboration programmer.
simplicity
complexity
n
the state of being intricate or consisting of many parts
mobile
adj
capable of easy movement
Her doctor recommended four weeks of bed rest, but after one week she was adaptable quite mobile.
stationary
foraging
n
the act of searching about for food
Foraging in the wild can sometimes take seeking all day.
hiding
hierarchy
n
a system in which people are ranked above or below each other according to their position, status, class, importance, etc
He rose quickly through the company hierarchy to become the CEO.
address problems
v phrase
to face troublesome issues with the intention of fixing them
give an opinion on the issue
v phrase
to state what one thinks about a certain situation or dilemma
charisma
n
personal magnetism or charm
persistence
n
Soldiers in the army need great the act of enduring despite difficulties persistence to endure the rigorous training.
end up with
v phrase
to get or have in the end
After listening to her mother complain for three hours, he ended up with a humungous headache.
consensus
n
a state of agreement
After hours of deliberating, the jury failed to reach a c onsensus.
to take action in response to another action to adapt a plant or animal in order to benefit humans
pecking order
Addressing problems and finding solutions were two of her greatest strengths. The secretary attended all of the meetings, but she was rarely asked to give an opinion on the issue being discussed. The candidate had lots of charisma and appeal it helped him win votes. perseverance
accord
The insurgents retaliated by throwing strike back grenades at the soldiers. They domesticated the wolf and now he tame is considered to be a part of the family. The sodality was formed to address the organization issue of the food shortage on the plain.
retaliate
v
domesticate
v
sodality
n
a society or association
welfare
n
We should all be concerned with the the state of mental and physical health welfare of people less fortunate than ourselves.
figure
n
an important person
repugnance
disagreement forgive
prosperity
When you become a public figure, you leader often give up a lot of your privacy.
commoner
10-6
appointed
adj
dispute
n
named or selected to hold a position by one person or a small group of people an argument
He was appointed to the Presidential administration. The landlord and the tenant have a dispute over the rent.
chosen
elected
conflict
agreement
If you shoplift once, the judge might be lenient, but if you are a repeat offender, culprit you will likely serve time in jail.
offender
n
one who breaks a rule or law
wield power
v phrase
to exercise control
pottery
n
containers made from clay, especially Pottery looks simple, but it requires a lot ceramics earthenware and stoneware
durable
adj
able to resist damage
These well-made leather boots are very durable and should last for years even i f sturdy they are worn often.
decorate with
v phrase
to adorn with
The bride's body was decorated with henna tattoos as part of an old tradition.
share similarities and differences
v phrase
incise
v
elaborate
adj
silhouette
n
kiln
n
manipulate
v
compound
n
contour
n
The police officer wielded power over the obnoxious fans.
to have characteristics that are alike and different to cut words or a design into something worked out with precision and attention to detail an image or drawing showing only the shape of something a type of oven used for baking clay or brick
The sextuplets share many similarities and differences. They incised their initials into the trunk of the tree in the backyard. The stained glass windows had elaborate designs. The audience could only see the silhouette of the model behind the screen. The art teacher loaded the pottery into the kiln so that it could be fired. The executive manipulated her to alter or change schedule so she attend her daughter's piano Mixingrecital. two or many elements together a combination of two or more elements will eventually create a new compound. the shape of the outside edge of The contour of the mountain peak was something jagged and steep. The intricate designs on the artifact made the archeologist believe that the who made it were highly intelligent.
weak
carve intricate
simple
outline oven
freezer
influence
leave alone
composition outline
intricate
adj
very detailed in design or structure
complex
anatomical
adj
pertaining to the physical characteristics of a body
advent
n
the introduction of a new product, idea, or custom
The advent of microprocessors transformed the world with the availability of personal computers.
speculation
n
reasoning based on incomplete facts or information
There is speculation that classes will be cancelled tomorrow due to the severely hunch cold weather.
It is important for doctors to understand the bodily anatomical structure of their patients. appearance
simple
spiritual
end
fact
convey information v phrase about
to communicate facts and knowledge about
provide clues about v phrase
to give hints about
Mini Test 3-1 with no sign of
adv phrase without an indication of
The ground controller used hand signals and gestures to convey information about where the pilot should drive the airplane. The human bone will provide clues about the person that it once belonged to. With no sign of her husband in sight, the woman became worried that something had happened to him.
be in a position to
v phrase
have a job or role that allows one to
The family is financially stable, so they are in a position to adopt children from overseas.
come up with
v phrase
to produce
The students were unable to come up with the correct response to the history supply question.
projection
n
capability
n
make the prediction v phrase
His projection stated that there would calculation be a polar shift in the year 2012. He had remarkable capabilities and was the ability to perform skill soon promoted to the position of CEO. to state a guess about something that I am going to make the prediction that will occur in the future Brazil will win the next FIFA World Cup. a prediction
It was merely a coincidence that both people met each other.
merely
n
nothing more than
set a goal
v phrase
Her personal trainer encouraged her to to establish an aim for one to strive for set a goal for how much weight she wanted to lose.
strive toward
v phrase
to work earnestly to achieve a goal
the more ~, the more ~ navigation system
n adj
critically
adv
keep up with trends v phrase
silicon
inability
only
The marathon runner strived for the finish line with a look of determination and pain on his face.
an increase in the amount of one thing It can be assumed that the more junk will lead to an increase in another area food you eat, the more you will weigh.
sophisticated
fall behind
hide
v phrase n
We used our navigation system to a computerized system use in vehicles, locate the Paramount Theatre in that gives directions to a destination downtown Seattle. The author developed a very advanced in design sophisticated love story that ended in complicated tragedy. in a severe manner She is a critically acclaimed author. crucially The woman is desperately trying to to stay informed of current fads keep up with trends in the fashion world despite being over seventy years old. to lag in pace or progress a non-metallic element used to make semiconductors
The injured runner quickly fell behind the lead pack. Silicon is often used in plastic surgery as it retains its shape and softness for a long time.
straggle
simple lightly
lead
there is an extent that cannot be surpassed to ~
there is a limit to ~ interface
n
a piece of equipment designed to communicate information between devices
Because he only has use of one arm, there is a limit to what he can do. The new computer program acts as an interface between Windows and MacIitosh computer systems. It is becoming more apparent that we will one day meet with limitation in regards to natural resources.
meet with limitation v phrase
to encounter a constraint
innovative
adj
using new methods or ideas
The manager used an innovative business strategy to attract new customers and multiply sales.
n
a person who studies the general science of human beings
The anthropologist found traces of an ancient tribal civilization in Africa.
universal
adj
used or understood by all
The ‘thumbs up’ gesture is a universal sign for ‘good job.'
recognizable
adj
easily noticed or identified
The man was easily recognizable to the other hunters because he was wearing a observable bright orange vest.
to what degree
adv phrase to what extent
To what degree should parents protect their children when they know they have done something terribly wrong?
display emotion
v phrase
to show one's feelings
The men in his family were raised not to display emotion, such as sadness or grief, in front of the women.
n phrase
people of various ethnicities, upbringings, etc.
Mini Test 3-2 anthropologist
people from different backgrounds in spite of
adv phrase in defiance of
The chasm between father and son continued to grow deeper and wider over the years.
n
a large gap signaling the difference between two things
conduct a study
v phrase
to perform research in order to collect The scientist conducted a study on the data importance of a good night's sleep.
regardless of
adv phrase without concern for
inherent
adj
basic or essential
confine
v
to limit or restrict
adj
strongly attractive or forceful
general
I enjoy meeting people from different backgrounds and cultures. In spite of her mother's efforts, the little despite girl would not stop crying.
chasm
compelling
creative
divide
Everyone should be able to have health care, regardless of their age, race, and despite pre-existing conditions. She has the inherent ability of determining when someone is lying. The prisoner was confined to a small cell in the jail.
particular
imperceptible
because of closure
regardful of
innate
learned
restrain
release
The novel was so compelling that I decided to find more books by the same irresistible author.
resistible
The choreographer took it a step further by increasing the tempo to full speed. The unconditional love is the prevailing main theme in the movie. The man received a markedly higher considerably raise than his female co-workers.
take a step further
v phrase
to go one step beyond
prevailing
adj
dominant or having influence
markedly
adv
clearly noticeable
ritual
n
an established procedure for carrying Traditional Western weddings have out the ceremonies associated with many rituals like trading rings and religious practice or other rite throwing the bouquet.
intimidate
v
to fill with fear
offer a clue
v phrase
to give a hint
overwhelming
adj
overpowering in effect or strength
Mini Test 3-3 regardless of
adv phrase without concern for
Mary intimidated the others by always having the answers for everything. The discarded glove offers a clue as to the identity of the criminal. The soldier experienced overwhelming joy at seeing his newborn child for the first time.
threaten
a literary genre represented by humorous or satirical imitations of a serious piece of literature
satire
n
a literary genre represented by the use Shakespeare used many satires in his of irony, sarcasm, and ridicule in plays to exposing truth ridicule human error.
mimicking
n
a copy or imitation of something
condemn
v
to show strong disapproval
incur
v
to acquire
sarcasm
n
a form of wit marked by the use of cutting remarks and intented to ridicule
ridicule
n
censorship
n
replicate
v
Her brother's mimicking of her mannerisms irritated her to no end. The United Nations condemned the dictator's harsh measures against his own people.
encourage
staggering
The students thoroughly enjoyed the parody and asked their teacher if they spoof could read another one like it instead of a tragedy.
n
insignificantly
custom
Everyone should be able to have health care, regardless of their age, race, and despite pre-existing conditions.
parody
minor
regardful of
reality
sarcasm mocking
original
denounce
encourage
Her family did not have much money, so she incurred a lot of debt while obtain attending university. She is known for her sarcasm and sense cynicism of humor.
The new student was treated with such speech or action intended to c ause ridicule by her peers that her parents mockery laughter at the expense of the subject decided to send her to another school. To protect children from harmful media, the act of deleting parts of written the restriction works or theatrical performances government called for media censorship. This part of the museum attempts to to reproduce replicate the throne room of a Chinese simulate Emperor.
praise
endorsement
destroy
Mini Test 3-4
The senior English class is going to study an epic poem for the first two months of the fall semester.
epic poem
n
a very long composition usually centered on a hero
contrary to
adj phrase
opposite to
counterpart
n
vice
n
inspire
v
exaggerated
adj phrase
overstated or embellished
disparaged
adj phrase
belittled
energy consumption
n
The family made a resolution to reduce a measure of the amount and way that their energy consumption by at least energy is used ten percent this year.
as such
adv phrase as being what is indicated
freight
n
energy-efficient
adj
entice
v
hybrid advocate commuter in terms of take measures
a person or thing that cl osely His counterpart at the hospital was a mate resembles another in form or function woman in her 50's. His only vice was gambling large sums an immoral or wicked habit of debauchery money on payday. President Lincoln inspired many to push to produce or arouse forward motivate during difficult times.
the commercial transportation of goods having the quality of using very little energy to perform or fulfill a purpose to lead on by giving hope
The company profits were exaggerated, and no one knew the financial state of extravagant the company. After being berated by her employer, the nanny felt disparaged and slighted embarrassed.
A president or prime minister, as such, is entitled to a great deal of respect. Her husband is in charge of incoming shipment freight in the warehouse. They decided to use energy-efficient light bulbs to help reduce their utility bill. The generous benefits package enticed Natalie to accept a position at the tempt company.
“Popera” is a new kind of music that is a combination hybrid of pop music and opera. to support or urge by speaking in favor He advocated the control of firearms in v encourage of the county. On average, it takes commuters fortya person traveling long distances to n five minutes to get to work each driver and from work morning. She offered nothing in terms of a adv phrase with regard to concerning workable solution. adj
v phrase
composed of two elements
to do what is necessary; actions performed and intended to meet a goal
with the purpose of adv phrase for the reason of implement
Contrary to what people think, the doctors in this country do not make that counter to much money.
v
to put to use; to enforce
opposite virtue discourage
unembellished flattered
dissuade pure criticize
The government is finally taking measures to ensure that no more homes are lost to foreclosure. She met him in the coffee shop with the purpose of ending their engagement. The school implemented a new uniform execute policy for its students.
stop
energy conservation vital
n adj
the practice of decreasing the amount Energy conservation is a popular topic of energy used to discuss these days. of the utmost importance; essential Water is vital to our existence.
crucial
unimportant
agreement
disagreement
n
an agreement or settlement of differences in which both sides make sacrifices and concessions
v phrase
to experience difficulty doing something
The young child suffers from asthma and has trouble breathing after exercising too hard.
phenomenon
n
an event; a happening
The migration of the red crabs is a phenomenon that occurs annually on Christmas Island.
spectacle
normality
trigger
v
to cause to happen
The rumor of the company's closing triggered panic among its employees, who stopped coming to work.
provoke
stop
come up with
v phrase
to produce
The students were unable to come up with the correct response to the history supply question.
memory loss
n
partial or complete disappearance of His grandmother failed to recognize him one's thoughts and awareness of past because she was suffering from amnesia events memory loss.
decay theory
n
a theory that states that if memories are not recalled from time to time, they gradually fade and disappear from one's memory
from time to time
adv phrase every now and then
compromise
Practice Test have trouble ~ing 1
In a good relationship, there should always be compromise.
hide
According to the decay theory, memories will fade out of existence if they are not recalled from time to time. According to the decay theory, memories will fade out of existence if occasionally they are not recalled from time to time.
continually
short-term memory n
thoughts and information stored in the The answers for the test were stored i n brain that are retrievable for a brief her short-term memory. period of time
long-term memory
long-term memory n
thoughts and information stored in the Experiences from her childhood were brain that are retrievable for a long kept in her long-term memory. period of time
short-term memory
a great deal of
adj phrase
a significant amount of
hardly
adv
not at all
ponder
v
He pondered the purpose of his life and to think about with deep consideration came to the conclusion that he is on contemplate Earth to serve others.
interfere with
v phrase
to come into opposition with; to be a hindrance or obstacle to
Her work schedule interferes with the amount of time she can spend at home.
confused with
adj phrase
to be associated with by mistake
He is often confused with a professional football player because of his size and stature.
She experienced a great deal of hardship and tragedy in her short life. She could hardly believe that she won the lottery.
a lot of
little of
scarcely
frequently ignore
isolated
adj
separated from other things
retroactive interference
n
a phenomenon that occurs when previously learned information is confused with new and somewhat similar information
proactive interference
n
cue
n
cognitive psychologist
n
match up
v phrase
Retroactive interference is a common occurrence at events where many people are introduced to each other for the first time. My yoga instructor, a friend of my a phenomenon in which old mom's, suffers from proactive information hinders the learning of interference; she always calls me by my new information mother's name. an action or statement that tells She received cues from the director someone indirectly that they should do signal during the performance. something a specialist in psychology who studies Cognitive psychologists believe that the acquisition, processing, and storing cues can help us re trieve memories. of information The two tallest players matched up and to fit together; to correspond to guarded each other throughout the go with game.
Practice Test the onset of 2
adj phrase
the beginning of
reminiscent
adj phrase
suggestive of something in the past
subsequent
adj phrase
Easter Island, lying 1400 miles from the nearest inhabited island, is very much solitary isolated from the rest of the world.
occurring after
Her strange behavior signaled the onset of dementia. The young starlet's elegance and nostalgic beauty are reminiscent of Grace Kelly. After sustaining an injuring during the opening number, the dancer was replaced by the understudy for all subsequent performances.
to provide an accurate description of
revolutionary
adj
outside or beyond established The doctor developed a revolutionary procedures or principles; radically new procedure that is now responsible for or innovative saving millions of lives.
aesthetics
n
the study of beauty, emotion, or sensation
convention
n
a rule, method, or practice that is accepted and used
free of
adj phrase
outside the limits of
empowerment
n
the state of being enabled and filled with power
profound
adj
of great significance; far-reaching
n
the right to express one's opinions to the public
back and forth
adv phrase to and fro
clash
forgetful
following
earlier
progressive
old
The witness was unable to give a clear picture of the driver that caused the accident.
give a clear picture v phrase of
freedom of expression
included
The woman is interested in learning more about aesthetics so she can redecorate her house by herself. Guests should always follow conventions at parties by always thanking the host. If you buy now, you will receive this grill free of charge. She experienced empowerment when she quit her job. The book had a profound effect on my way of thinking. Freedom of expression is one of the great things about democracy. We walked back and forth because we couldn’t find the post office.
study of art form without
inside of
freedom
prohibition
extraordinary
slight
freedom of speech vacillating
prosperity exude in the midst of
good fortune or success, especially in The country's future prosperity depends wealth regard to finances on the education of its children. The model exudes confidence on the v to give forth; display emanate runway. They were in the midst of an argument adv phrase in the middle of; amid during when the phone rang.
n
vulnerable
adj
open to harm
psychic
adj
relating to the mind and its workings
hail
v
to enthusiastically approve of
The elderly woman's weakened state of health makes her vulnerable to many susceptible contagious and infectious diseases. Many people are skeptical of her psychic abilities. The students hailed their teacher as a being a good person.
dishonor
logically opposite; inconsistent
ambiguity
n
uncertainty
The essay was written with so much ambiguity that the teacher could not understand what it was about.
vagueness
The employees checked the clock at regular intervals in anticipation of the regularly three-day weekend. The supernova scattered the an exploding star that produces a very surrounding matter and created a black bright light hole. There were few remnants from the yard a small remaining part bit sale.
Practice Test at periods of time that are evenly at regular intervals adv phrase spaced apart 3
n
Since the bridge was built i ncorrectly, it disintegrate collapsed.
collapse
v
to cave in or fall apart
proton
n
a particle in an atom that carries a positive charge
electron
n
a particle in an atom that carries a negative charge
A proton has a positive charge that is equal to the negative charge of an electron.
according to the fact that; to the extent that to bestow the title of ~ upon someone or something
She is like her father in the sense that they are both outgoing and funny. His parents gave him the name of Daniel to honor his great grandfather.
in the sense that give ~ the name of v phrase … no more than
adv phrase not greater than
asteroid
n
a small, irregular body that orbits the sun
The number of protons in an atom determines the atomic number of a chemical element.
uniform
clarity
randomly
whole build electron
negatron
According to her parents' budget, she is allowed to spend no more than twenty at most dollars a week. Ceres was the first asteroid that was discovered; it is also the largest.
immune
praise
adj
remnant
before; after
physical
contradictory
n
hide
mental
The senator from Pennsylvania has made several contradictory statements converse regarding this bill. Now, the voters do not know what she truly believes.
supernova
poverty
minor planet
proton
no less than
an area surrounding a magnet, electric Magnetic fields surround electric current, or charged particle in which a currents, magnetic dipoles, and magnetic force acts on other magnets, changing electric fields. electric currents, or charged particles
magnetic field
n
compressed
adj
equivalent
n
gravitational pull
n
the phenomenon by which all objects with mass attract each other
distinctive
adj
having a special quality that is distinguished from others
by comparison
through the act of estimating the adv phrase similarities and differences of two or more things
hypothesize
v
to make an educated guess
The scientist hypothesized that the two liquids would theorize create another chemical.
relatively
adv
in comparison with something else
There is a relatively low number of Europeans living in our neighborhood.
have much to learn v phrase about for years to come
Practice Test improvise 4
pressed tightly together to occupy less The compressed clothing barely fit into space the woman's suitcase. The work-study program is the an amount equal to another equivalent of a six-credit course. We are kept here on Earth by its gravitational pull. Without it, we would float away.
condensed
stretched out
substitute
difference
gravitation
weightlessness
James Earl Jones has a very distinctive voice which most people can easily distinguishing recognize as the voice of Mufasa in the Lion King.
common
She is, by comparison, much more studious than her older brother.
rather
to have a lot more knowledge to gain The college graduate has much to learn about something about the interview process.
adv phrase in the future
She will be regretting her decision to turn down the internship in Paris for years to come.
in the future
Tom had to improvise when Sue forgot ad-lib her lines in the school play. The raw performance evoked intense emotion from the entire audience. Since the inception of the program, it commencement has been very successful. The pinnacle of his career was becoming president of a Fortune 500 peak company. There is a lot of stress that accompanies escort planning a wedding.
v
to do something with no preparation
evoke intense emotion
v phrase
to cause strong feelings
inception
n
beginning
pinnacle
n
the highest point of success, power, fame, etc.
accompany
v
to go with
rise in popularity
v phrase
The President experienced a rise in to increase in the favor of the general popularity when he announced that public troops would be completely withdrawn from Iraq by 2010.
economic depression
n
a period of time in which a nation experiences low production and sales and an increase in business failures and unemployment
We are in the midst of an economic depression.
increase in popularity
in the past
devise
end base abandon decrease in popularity
solace
n
comfort in a time of sorrow or distress
She found solace in the arms of her best relief friends.
discord
a view that is optimistic and hopeful
He has a very positive outlook on the future even though his current situation optimistic view is very desolate.
negative outlook
positive outlook
n
for a time
adv phrase extending over a period of time
be similar to ~ in that …
I dreamed of being a figure skater for a time in my youth. Racquetball is similar to tennis in that it be like ~in a way such as requires the use of a racket and a ball. The old hockey arena will serve as the the place where an event is held venue for tonight's rock concert. They are experiencing a transition in to go through a shift or change the ownership of the company. belonging to a dominant trend, His ideas were so obscure that it was movement, style, etc. not accepted by mainstream America. I do not like the dissonance in rock an inharmonious or harsh sound music. an inharmonious combination of Sharps and flats were played together musical notes played at the same time to create discord within the music.
venue
n
experience a transition
v phrase
mainstream
adj
dissonance
n
discord
n
percussion
n
a section of musical instruments that Percussion instruments include drums, are played by striking or banging them cymbals, castanets, and bells. together
fragmented
adj
functioning as though made of separate parts
at the outset
adv phrase occurring at the beginning
by the end of
adv phrase occurring prior to the finish of
Practice Test conservation 5
location
popular
minor
discord
harmony
cacophony
harmony
drum
The fragmented musica caused the disconnected unified woman to feel very anxious. He felt stiff at the outset of the race, but as time went on, he became more at the beginning at the end relaxed. By the end of the day, her feet were extremely sore, and she was ready to at the conclusion of at the beginning of soak in the hot tub for a few hours. It is crucial that we become educated about the importance of conservation.
n
the preservation of natural resources
protection
maintain equilibrium
v phrase
to keep a state of balance
fluid
adj
not fixed, stable, or rigid
I enjoy watching the fluid movements of the figure skaters. They make it look so flexible easy.
immigration
n
the act of moving to a new area
Immigration into the United States is getting more difficult.
remain constant
v phrase
to stay the same
extinction
n
the state of dying out and no longer existing
Scientists believe it was a meteor impact that caused the extinction of the elimination dinosaurs.
arthropod
n
an invertebrate animal with an exoskeleton and segmented body
Arthropods usually have chitinous shells that shed.
destruction
The society has developed a system to help them maintain equilibrium with their environment. fixed
migration
The population on the remote island has remained constant over the past three plateau decades.
change
population
