describes the latest developments in women empowermentFull description
Women empowerment debate stems from the concept of denial of strategic life choices and ability to change their own future. Most sociologists and legal pundits concur that empowerment is bot…Full description
Women empowerment is not a new concept and its need was sensed much earlier, even before independence. Not only in India but all over the world women have faced atrocities and thus since the beginning of its history they have been challenging gender
Women empowermentFull description
short case about women empowermentFull description
Full description
By using ICT information and communication Technology technical capabilities of women develop their entrepreneurial capabilities and enhance social, economic empowerment. Entrepreneurship has emerged as an invaluable tool for economic empowerment of
The total development of Bangladesh will undoubtedly be hampered if the empowerment status of women, constituting about fifty percent of the country’s population will not be increased or rem…Full description
the research concludes as to how women in bihar have gotten empowered through MNREGA
Full description
Descripción: Empowerment, plan de inplementación Universidad TEC de Monterrey.
Descripción completa
empowermentFull description
Trabajo de EmpowermentDescripción completa
Descripción: teoria de administracion empowerment
Project ReportFull description
Full description
Women in a patriarchal society like India have been suffering since ancient times. The prevailing gender inequality acts as barriers in the path of women empowerment. In rural areas, especially, the condition is at its worst. The women in rural areas
efficiency empowermentFull description
Table of Specifications Exam
Women Women Empowerment in India
“You can tell the condition of a nation by looking at the status of its women” – Pt. Jawaharlal Nehru Why we talk about women empowerment only and not men empowerment Why women need empowerment and not men Women Women make almost !"# of the total population of the world. $hen why this substantial section of the society need needss empo empowe werm rmen ent t $hey hey are are not not in mino minori rity ty so as to re%u re%uir iree spec specia iall treatment. &iologically speaking also' it is a pro(en fact that female race is superior to male. $hen the %uestion arises that why we are debating the topic )Women *mpowerment+. Why we Need women Empowerment? Need for empowerment arose due to centuries of domination and discrimination done by men o(er women, women are the suppressed lot. $hey are the target of (aried types of (iolence and discriminatory practices done by men all o(er the world. -ndia is no different.
-ndia is a comple country. We We ha(e' through centuries' de(eloped (arious types of customs' traditions and practices. $hese customs and traditions' good as well as bad' bad' ha(e ha(e becom becomee a part part of our our soci societ ety+ y+ss coll collec ecti ti(e (e consc conscio ious usne ness ss.. We wors worshi hip p femal femalee godde goddess sses, es, we also also gi(e gi(e great great impo import rtan ance ce to our our moth mothers ers'' daughters' sisters' wi(es and other female relati(es or friends. &ut at the same time' -ndians are also famous for treating their women badly both inside and outside their homes. -ndian society consists of people belonging to almost all kinds of religious beliefs. -n e(ery religion women are gi(en a special place and e(ery religion teaches us to treat women with respect and dignity. &ut somehow the society has so de(eloped that (arious types of ill practices' both physical and mental' against women ha(e become a norm since ages. /or instance' sati pratha' practice of dowry' parda pratha' female infanticide' wife burning' seual (iolence' (iolence' seual harassment harassment at work place' domestic (iolence and other (aried kinds of discriminatory practices, all such acts consists of physical as well as mental element.
$he reasons for such beha(iour against women are many but the most important one are the male superiority comple and patriarchal system of society. $hough to eliminate these ill practices and discrimination against women (arious constitutional and legal rights are there but in reality there are a lot to be done. 0e(eral self1help groups and N23s are working in this direction, also women themsel(es are breaking the societal barriers and achie(ing great heights in all dimensions4 political' social and economic. &ut society as a whole has still not accepted women as being e%ual to men and crimes or abuses against women are still on the rise. /or that to change' the society+s age1old deep1rooted mind set needs to be changed through social conditioning and sensiti5ation programmes. $herefore' the concept of women empowerment not only focuses on gi(ing women strength and skills to rise abo(e from their miserable situation but at the same time it also stresses on the need to educate men regarding women issues and inculcating a sense of respect and duty towards women as e%uals. -n the present write1up we will try to describe and understand the concept of Women *mpowerment in -ndia in all its dimensions. What is Women Empowerment Women empowerment in simple words can be understood as gi(ing power to women to decide for their own li(es or inculcating such abilities in them so that they could be able to find their rightful place in the society.
6ccording to the United Nations' women+s empowerment mainly has fi(e components4 •
2enerating women+s sense of self1worth,
•
Women+s right to ha(e and to determine their choices,
•
Women+s right to ha(e access to e%ual opportunities and all kinds of resources,
•
Women+s right to ha(e the power to regulate and control their own li(es' within and outside the home, and
•
Women+s ability to contribute in creating a more 7ust social and economic order.
$hus' women empowerment is nothing but recognition of women+s basic human rights and creating an en(ironment where they are treated as e%uals to men.
Women Empowerment in India Historical Background:
/rom ancient to modern period' women+s condition1socially' politically and economically1 has not remained same and it kept changing with times. -n ancient -ndia' women were ha(ing e%ual status with men, in early 8edic period they were (ery educated and there are references of women sages such as 9aitrayi in our ancient tets. &ut with the coming of famous treatise of 9anu i.e. 9anusmriti' the status of women was relegated to a subordinate position to men. 6ll kinds of discriminatory practices started to take from such as child marriage' de(adashi pratha' nagar (adhu system' sati pratha etc. Women+s socio1political rights were curtailed and they were made fully dependent upon the male members of family. $heir right to education' right to work and right to decide for themsel(es were taken away. :uring medie(al period the condition of women got worsened with the ad(ent of 9uslim rulers in -ndia, as also during the &ritish period. &ut the &ritish rule also brought western ideas into the country. 6 few enlightened -ndians such as ;a7a ;am 9ohan ;oy influenced by the modern concept of freedom' liberty' e%uality and 7ustice started to %uestion the pre(ailing discriminatory practices against women. $hrough his unrelenting efforts' the &ritish were forced to abolish the ill1practice of 0ati. 0imilarly se(eral other social reformers such as -shwar !? was the result of
-shwar
$he Preamble' the /undamental ;ights' :P0Ps and other constitutional pro(isions pro(ide se(eral general and special safeguards to secure women+s human rights. ream!le: $he Preamble to the
$he policy of women empowerment is well entrenched in the /undamental ;ights enshrined in our
•
6rticle =C ensures to women the right to e%uality.
•
6rticle =!D=E specifically prohibits discrimination on the basis of se.
•
6rticle =!DFE empowers the 0tate to take affirmati(e actions in fa(our of women.
•
6rticle =? pro(ides for e%uality of opportunity for all citi5ens in matters relating to employment or appointment to any office.
$hese rights being fundamental rights are 7usticiable in court and the 2o(ernment is obliged to follow the same. $irecti%e rinciples of &tate olicy:
:irecti(e principles of 0tate Policy also contains important pro(isions regarding women empowerment and it is the duty of the go(ernment to apply these principles while making laws or formulating any policy. $hough these are not 7usticiable in the
6rticle F@ DaE pro(ides that the 0tate to direct its policy towards securing for men and women e%ually the right to an ade%uate means of li(elihood.
•
6rticle F@ DdE mandates e%ual pay for e%ual work for both men and women.
•
6rticle CB pro(ides that the 0tate to make pro(ision for securing 7ust and humane conditions of work and for maternity relief.
"undamental $uties:
/undamental duties are enshrined in Part -816 of the
6rticle != D6E DeE epects from the citi5en of the country to promote harmony and the spirit of common brotherhood amongst all the people of -ndia and to renounce practices derogatory to the dignity of women. 'ther Constitutional ro%isions:
$hrough AFrd and ACth
$he *%ual ;emuneration 6ct' =@A?.
•
$he :owry Prohibition 6ct' =@?=.
•
$he -mmoral $raffic DPre(entionE 6ct' =@!?.
•
$he 9aternity &enefit 6ct' =@?=.
•
$he 9edical termination of Pregnancy 6ct' =@A=.
•
$he A.
•
$he Prohibition of
•
$he Pre1
•
$he 0eual Garassment of Women at Work Place DPre(ention' Protection andE 6ct' B"=F.
6bo(e mentioned and se(eral other laws are there which not only pro(ide specific legal rights to women but also gi(es them a sense of security and empowerment. International Commitments of India as to Women Empowerment -ndia is a part to (arious -nternational con(entions and treaties which are committed to secure e%ual rights of women.
3ne of the most important among them is the !E' the &ei7ing :eclaration as well as the Platform for 6ction D=@@!E and the 3utcome :ocument adopted by the N26 0ession on 2ender *%uality and :e(elopment H Peace for the B=st century' titled “/urther actions and initiati(es to implement the &ei7ing :eclaration and the Platform for 6ction”. 6ll these ha(e been whole1heartedly endorsed by -ndia for appropriate follow up. $hese (arious national and -nternational commitments' laws and policies notwithstanding women+s situation on the ground ha(e still not impro(ed satisfactorily. 8aried problems related to women are still subsisting, female infanticide is growing' dowry is still pre(alent' domestic (iolence against women is practised, seual harassment at workplace and other heinous se crimes against women are on the rise. $hough' economic and social condition of women has impro(ed in a significant way but the change is especially (isible only in metro cities or in urban areas, the situation is not much impro(ed in semi1urban areas and (illages. $his disparity is due to lack of education and 7ob opportunities and negati(e mind set of the society which does not appro(e girls+ education e(en in B=st century. )o%ernment olicies and &chemes for Women Empowerment Whate(er impro(ement and empowerment women ha(e recei(ed is especially due to their own efforts and struggle' though go(ernmental schemes are also there to help them in their endea(our.
-n the year B""=' the 2o(ernment of -ndia launched a National olicy for Empowerment of Women . $he specific ob7ecti(es of the policy are as follows4
•
•
•
Pro(iding e%ual access to participation and decision making of women in social political and economic life of the nation.
•
Pro(iding e%ual access to women to health care' %uality education at all le(els' career and (ocational guidance' employment' e%ual remuneration' occupational health and safety' social security and public life etc.
•
0trengthening legal systems aimed at elimination of all forms of discrimination against women.
•
•
9ainstreaming a gender perspecti(e in the de(elopment process.
•
*limination of discrimination and all forms of (iolence against women and the girl child.
•
&uilding and strengthening partnerships with ci(il society' particularly women+s organi5ations.
$he 9inistry of Women and
Conclusion and &uggestions:
-n conclusion' it can be said that women in -ndia' through their own unrelenting efforts and with the help of