Why does art matter? Intellect's Visual Arts supplement

Visual arts Why art matters Creative aCtivity in the virtual world the point of art fashion and art why we make art

f r e e

Intellect | publishers of original thinking

1

welCome

Editorial Sarah Cunningham , Illc

T ia at a ca t  dai, c ca a  a  tii, t cat cat  at  at t a cditi. We are oten skd ‘hw ds Illc ciu  ublish s my w bks d  juls?’ My sw is h Illc is lucky ugh  ublish i subjc s wh h g  cdmic quiy cius  ich d gw, vidig us wih vib d xciig ids d  gic cmmuiy. My di ms d scs  h visul s  sd i u li – imi, shi, hghy, dcumy,  duci – bu h lis is by  ms xhusiv d h is sill ly  sc  gwh. Hwv, gwh i h s is hd by h cu clim  usiy: w m h v h is  d  d d ss why  ms. as lquly gud by h cibus  his mgzi, h myid ss why  ms  vs d mulicd. th visul s  cssy  ush budis, cug w wys  hikig,  clb  lm h hum cdii. th imc  h visul s is   jus dmsbl i h idusis h hy d d su, bu ls i h clssms, cmmuiis d culus wihi which hy   ixicbly mshd. a Illc w  csly isid by u cmmuiy  uhs, dis, viws d ds d hi cmmim  dms why  ms.

2

2

3

artiCle

hE point of art Jonathan Day , auh, Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o Documentary Photography 

tHe poInt o ? Wh kid  qusi is h? Whil u bs hilshs  iig u h wul dierence i u iis  h sm bis  culu (lgug, , c.), is’ i uil, i  idiic,  hik w c sblish h i  yhig? Shll w s? th  cficig vics vywh. I wd whh w migh lk sidwys  lil d sk u  his my-sidd mysy, hldig ll is civiy sill  h slighs  mms d hby dig sm hmy i h cymblclshig di? I’m  gig  s  h bgiig. W liv i h ‘md wld’,  myb i’s ‘sumd’  ‘smd’  smhig lik h. S l’s s wih  mdis. Kl Mx, h mus scilis hik, sw h bsics  hum li, h lly im su, s i, w, d d shl. ths  h udis  u livs, u ‘cmic cssiis’. evyhig ls – ligi, , music d hilshy – is  ‘susucu’ blcd ciusly  . I yu’ sugglig  cc his, y cmig h wlh  ms iss  h wlh  ms bks. oK h, bu suly  chdl,  Mz’s Requiem,  picss’s Demoiselles d’Avignon hs  b m h jus h bubblig  h suc  d? th ld wisdm,  ll, sys h ‘m c liv  bd l’. I hik h ld wisdm is lkig bu lv  : h s gysis  S,  xml, cy  iigs  sculus i 4

hi iy, cwdd bs. Mx ds’ lv i h, hugh. a ll, gysis musly sig. pl divd  y cmic w,  dvg, c chigly buiul ls  smhig b. thy sig u h wld:  lc wh vy  is wid m hi ys d hi hly  hlis cis ‘vgc is mi’  hi sss. Mx ss hs cis s h ‘cy  h ssd cu’:  cssy fci  d ci   u--ji wld. H uh gus h wh dm cms d ssi is lid, ligi d ‘’, lg wih ll h ‘is’, will b dd  m. S, ds his big us    udsdig? udsdig? I hik idich nizsch c hl mv us . H  dscibs  s  kid  ‘cy’. Lik Mx, nizsch ss culu s schizhic, schizhic, biucd, bu , his im, bcus  cmics. H ss isd  wld lld wih bld d lh, d i h d clw. H ks h m  Diysius, h asi/Gk gd  wi, wildss d dbuchy, dbuchy, d lis i h. this ‘Diysi’ wld is  much  us hums  b, h gus. W d  sc, smwh  u . H ss higs lik Gd, y, music  mic lv s y illusis, sdy hls i which  hid m h cg. H ms his wld  ccis  all, h Gk gd  y.  nizsch w  sill cus  ssi, bu his im ssd by h ubbl buliy  u wld. a is u ic m  buy u hds d g.

Wll I hik w  gig smwh, smwh, bu hs  dk imgiigs, ’ hy? Wh bu h lvly iigs  u wlls  hm, hmy i m d i? Suly sm is guig   s simly smhig buiul d li hcig? Guillm allii is my vui. H ws id d mg  picss d h pis schl  is. H blivd h iss  l wh c ‘cgiz h symbls wihu which humiy’s divi viw  h uivs cllss wih dizzyig sd’. alg wih Mx d nizsch, h ss  s  kid  visiy wvig: s cgizig d sig mms h hl us cmhd u mysis. H lis hs visiy sis sis  h lvl  h divi. S much  h   h l wih d ly wy-s cuy, hugh, hs siglly hig  d wih h divi. W hv bk bds lld wih cdms,  sl i md  bld, ig m  by fis, which h di, d  m hug by his  bldig v h sg m his w sli wiss. Is h diviiy h? rlly? B w bcm cmlly mid, I hik h hilsh Gg Hgl c hl us wih his  cdici. H gud h i my culus,  d ligi  civly h sm hig. S h cv iigs  Lscux i c, h mls  Khjuh i Idi  h Hbid Bk  Klls c b ickd i s s h s ‘ligi’ d ‘’. oc ligi d  bcm sd, s i u sciy, wih h m big h  cc  hlgis d hilshs, h hiks h  lss

At, tia, ad at it. is scil w d sigicc. Chls Schi vidcs his lss wdully: i his ‘Ssis’ xhibii, h ly hig likig h vius wks  disly ws hi iy. th u d us    h im hd bcm s uci, s csd, h h ly su wy  cgiz smhig s  ws  s  blid ws hdli skig IS tHIS art? Qusiig is u iiclly scud i s such. Hw did his h? Hw did iig d sculu bcm s divcd m scil us? th fg w u, I susc, wih h ly wihcuy ch is Mcl Duchm. Wh h lcd  -h-shl il bwl, sigd wih  ciius is’s m, i  glly, h md cc h i   s h ci   ‘is’. His ii my hv b iic, bu h hlss icd h s–rissc eu lvi  ‘iss’ m ymus csm i clbiis: i  s is  ‘is’ (d h smhw di d scil) h whv hy d is cssily ‘’. th dy ccc which llwd h êig  Duchm’s jk ld, ivibly, ivibly, 

gllis lld  jus wih billic d wd, bu wih h mud d ilss, cud by l vly ccd wih img, sii d shi; i sh, l dly id   ‘gig i’ (v wh h ws hig  ‘g’). ev m sid cis w u, vy shuig ‘ is v h’. pl usid  his isic wld culd ly lk , cusd d bwildd. By shisicig i  h i  icmhsi, hs csig vics wv  imbl wll ud ‘’, s h blids bcm,  my l, h bis d lblls. a, ssilly, hd  isl. Iiclly, Iiclly, hugh  suisigly, his ml hs suld i  chm, chm, s is i  s  sis  scilly mdid cics hs gw. a udic id  hdlis,   s pr,  hllw iusss iusss d bld, sms m d m cd  dmsis  c skill d dxiy, i s diilly cgizd s chcizig h ‘is’. Gllis i my w w  lld wih dwig, iig, xils d cmics, msly dd wih gui. I  wy, his is h l divc, mvig  m h c  u wld, s h ci  dms d siis,  m  lss y dmsis  h msy  mdi, dig h cgii  h ‘divi’ symbl  h l  dci. S is h i? Wll l’s ish wih  ls vic. th i pi Mdi cd sm vy mus highly-bscd highly-bscd wks. Mdi sigicly dicd h lm, lvisi d hghy wuld lc iig i h ul imgii. I yu d   his, cm h umbs  l ssig hugh h ds  h gllis wih h umbs ssig hugh cim bx-cs,  subscibig  slli bdcsig. H blivd h s l ud wy m  hy wuld u  h hs. I w my bk Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o Documentary Photography  bu  Swiss hgh wkig i amic i h 1950s. k’s wk cis billi d smil hghs h mbdy xcly wh Mdi ws lkig bu. tk gh, his imgs  hs h s dscii d lysis I’v v s  amic, h dmi culu  h wld i  which I ws b. k’s bk hld m udsd mysl, mysl, by cmig   udsdig  h wld h md m. His  is sluly lcd i h discussi  bli d mig, hsly cdig d xmiig wh h sw. nw hs m h  y im sic i ws ublishd, w d his bk. I is  mi, fcig visi d wisdm bck  us m u gi’s miv dys. ‘ths wh ig h s  dmd   is misks’, h ld wisdm sys. I hs dgus d dicul dys, w hv d  wks h hl us udsd wh w , wh w cm m d wh w  gig. Sm migh gu h his hs lwys b h i  . rEadon…

Jh Dy | Bimighm Ciy Uivsiy auh: Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o  Documentary Photography , ISBn 9781841503158 9781841503158

5

artiCle

hE point of art

Wll I hik w  gig smwh, smwh, bu hs  dk imgiigs, ’ hy? Wh bu h lvly iigs  u wlls  hm, hmy i m d i? Suly sm is guig   s simly smhig buiul d li hcig? Guillm allii is my vui. H ws id d mg  picss d h pis schl  is. H blivd h iss  l wh c ‘cgiz h symbls wihu which humiy’s divi viw  h uivs cllss wih dizzyig sd’. alg wih Mx d nizsch, h ss  s  kid  visiy wvig: s cgizig d sig mms h hl us cmhd u mysis. H lis hs visiy sis sis  h lvl  h divi. S much  h   h l wih d ly wy-s cuy, hugh, hs siglly hig  d wih h divi. W hv bk bds lld wih cdms,  sl i md  bld, ig m  by fis, which h di, d  m hug by his  bldig v h sg m his w sli wiss. Is h diviiy h? rlly? B w bcm cmlly mid, I hik h hilsh Gg Hgl c hl us wih his  cdici. H gud h i my culus,  d ligi  civly h sm hig. S h cv iigs  Lscux i c, h mls  Khjuh i Idi  h Hbid Bk  Klls c b ickd i s s h s ‘ligi’ d ‘’. oc ligi d  bcm sd, s i u sciy, wih h m big h  cc  hlgis d hilshs, h hiks h  lss

Jonathan Day , auh, Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o Documentary Photography 

tHe poInt o ? Wh kid  qusi is h? Whil u bs hilshs  iig u h wul dierence i u iis  h sm bis  culu (lgug, , c.), is’ i uil, i  idiic,  hik w c sblish h i  yhig? Shll w s? th  cficig vics vywh. I wd whh w migh lk sidwys  lil d sk u  his my-sidd mysy, hldig ll is civiy sill  h slighs  mms d hby dig sm hmy i h cymblclshig di? I’m  gig  s  h bgiig. W liv i h ‘md wld’,  myb i’s ‘sumd’  ‘smd’  smhig lik h. S l’s s wih  mdis. Kl Mx, h mus scilis hik, sw h bsics  hum li, h lly im su, s i, w, d d shl. ths  h udis  u livs, u ‘cmic cssiis’. evyhig ls – ligi, , music d hilshy – is  ‘susucu’ blcd ciusly  . I yu’ sugglig  cc his, y cmig h wlh  ms iss  h wlh  ms bks. oK h, bu suly  chdl,  Mz’s Requiem,  picss’s Demoiselles d’Avignon hs  b m h jus h bubblig  h suc  d? th ld wisdm,  ll, sys h ‘m c liv  bd l’. I hik h ld wisdm is lkig bu lv  : h s gysis  S,  xml, cy  iigs  sculus i

At, tia, ad at it.

hi iy, cwdd bs. Mx ds’ lv i h, hugh. a ll, gysis musly sig. pl divd  y cmic w,  dvg, c chigly buiul ls  smhig b. thy sig u h wld:  lc wh vy  is wid m hi ys d hi hly  hlis cis ‘vgc is mi’  hi sss. Mx ss hs cis s h ‘cy  h ssd cu’:  cssy fci  d ci   u--ji wld. H uh gus h wh dm cms d ssi is lid, ligi d ‘’, lg wih ll h ‘is’, will b dd  m. S, ds his big us    udsdig? udsdig? I hik idich nizsch c hl mv us . H  dscibs  s  kid  ‘cy’. Lik Mx, nizsch ss culu s schizhic, schizhic, biucd, bu , his im, bcus  cmics. H ss isd  wld lld wih bld d lh, d i h d clw. H ks h m  Diysius, h asi/Gk gd  wi, wildss d dbuchy, dbuchy, d lis i h. this ‘Diysi’ wld is  much  us hums  b, h gus. W d  sc, smwh  u . H ss higs lik Gd, y, music  mic lv s y illusis, sdy hls i which  hid m h cg. H ms his wld  ccis  all, h Gk gd  y.  nizsch w  sill cus  ssi, bu his im ssd by h ubbl buliy  u wld. a is u ic m  buy u hds d g.

is scil w d sigicc. Chls Schi vidcs his lss wdully: i his ‘Ssis’ xhibii, h ly hig likig h vius wks  disly ws hi iy. th u d us    h im hd bcm s uci, s csd, h h ly su wy  cgiz smhig s  ws  s  blid ws hdli skig IS tHIS art? Qusiig is u iiclly scud i s such. Hw did his h? Hw did iig d sculu bcm s divcd m scil us? th fg w u, I susc, wih h ly wihcuy ch is Mcl Duchm. Wh h lcd  -h-shl il bwl, sigd wih  ciius is’s m, i  glly, h md cc h i   s h ci   ‘is’. His ii my hv b iic, bu h hlss icd h s–rissc eu lvi  ‘iss’ m ymus csm i clbiis: i  s is  ‘is’ (d h smhw di d scil) h whv hy d is cssily ‘’. th dy ccc which llwd h êig  Duchm’s jk ld, ivibly, ivibly, 

gllis lld  jus wih billic d wd, bu wih h mud d ilss, cud by l vly ccd wih img, sii d shi; i sh, l dly id   ‘gig i’ (v wh h ws hig  ‘g’). ev m sid cis w u, vy shuig ‘ is v h’. pl usid  his isic wld culd ly lk , cusd d bwildd. By shisicig i  h i  icmhsi, hs csig vics wv  imbl wll ud ‘’, s h blids bcm,  my l, h bis d lblls. a, ssilly, hd  isl. Iiclly, Iiclly, hugh  suisigly, his ml hs suld i  chm, chm, s is i  s  sis  scilly mdid cics hs gw. a udic id  hdlis,   s pr,  hllw iusss iusss d bld, sms m d m cd  dmsis  c skill d dxiy, i s diilly cgizd s chcizig h ‘is’. Gllis i my w w  lld wih dwig, iig, xils d cmics, msly dd wih gui. I  wy, his is h l divc, mvig  m h c  u wld, s h ci  dms d siis,  m  lss y dmsis  h msy  mdi, dig h cgii  h ‘divi’ symbl  h l  dci. S is h i? Wll l’s ish wih  ls vic. th i pi Mdi cd sm vy mus highly-bscd highly-bscd wks. Mdi sigicly dicd h lm, lvisi d hghy wuld lc iig i h ul imgii. I yu d   his, cm h umbs  l ssig hugh h ds  h gllis wih h umbs ssig hugh cim bx-cs,  subscibig  slli bdcsig. H blivd h s l ud wy m  hy wuld u  h hs. I w my bk Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o Documentary Photography  bu  Swiss hgh wkig i amic i h 1950s. k’s wk cis billi d smil hghs h mbdy xcly wh Mdi ws lkig bu. tk gh, his imgs  hs h s dscii d lysis I’v v s  amic, h dmi culu  h wld i  which I ws b. k’s bk hld m udsd mysl, mysl, by cmig   udsdig  h wld h md m. His  is sluly lcd i h discussi  bli d mig, hsly cdig d xmiig wh h sw. nw hs m h  y im sic i ws ublishd, w d his bk. I is  mi, fcig visi d wisdm bck  us m u gi’s miv dys. ‘ths wh ig h s  dmd   is misks’, h ld wisdm sys. I hs dgus d dicul dys, w hv d  wks h hl us udsd wh w , wh w cm m d wh w  gig. Sm migh gu h his hs lwys b h i  . rEadon…

Jh Dy | Bimighm Ciy Uivsiy auh: Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o  Documentary Photography , ISBn 9781841503158 9781841503158

4

5

artiCle

crEativE activity in thE virtual world Eli Ayiter , edi, Metaverse Creativity 

In HIS BooK Exodus to the Virtual World, cmis edwd Csv dics  migi,  csidbl is, m h hysicl lm  h dimsil, li syhic wlds wihi h x w dcds. th icid ucm wuld b  dmghic ldslid  sigic ugh scicmic imc  csiu  d  cmllig chgs i liicl, scil, culul d cmic sgis,  ly i h viul bu ls i h hysicl lm (Csv 2007). as sd   disc,  wy migi, s wuld b h cs i uli shis i h hysicl wld, h icid migi wuld b   ciuus u, wih migs swichig bck d h bw h hysicl d h syhic wld. I, duig his bb d fw  im llci, m d m hus  civiy bcm id by h 6

viul wld h h hysicl wld wuld su h csqucs, csqucs, imily hugh h lss  vu gd by h csumi  (hysicl) gds. Hwv,  qul imc wuld b h lss  is d i i (hysicl) sciculul ccucs, vs d licy. By lkig  h cu hlh idics  viul cmis (h igs  which c dily b sld i hysicl cucis such s h US Dll) Csv dics h i  sucily lg umb  lys mig  viul sus h h csqucs csqucs  hysicl cmis, d by xsi sci-liicl sucus, will b wul ugh  isig udml chgs i (hysicl) ublic licis s wll s  -xmii/ -dii  (hysicl) sciculul mchisms ll v h glb. uhm, Csv ss his s  m h likly ccuc wh viwd wihi h cmic hy  hum im us, h llci  i d h civss  viul wlds wihi is cx, s wll s h gwh i h gmig idusy culd wih h mgc  ubiquius chlgis. Sic civ cics  ixicbly iwid wih h sciculul miliu wihi which hy fuish, i wuld llw h vs chg,  ly i ms  h cul civ uu isl, bu scilly d m imly i ms  h cxul miss wihi which his civ uu is gd, shuld ls b xcd. Mlclm McCullugh chs h css  viul civiy hugh  xmii  h viul mdium isl d h suig quims  csmshi h his mdium bigs  b u h civ csss ivlvd i h lizi  viul cs. accdig  McCullugh, idividud hum csmshi –  m lgly vlkd by mdis  d dsig mvms – is big, c gi, bugh vy much  h  by h ciis  digil civiy. Whil h ssmbly li  mchizd idusy dics h h dvl/ cciv  h dsig bjc is ivibly mvd mvd m h cul hs  is duci; iss, by d lg, sm  hv mbcd his disici . Hwv, dy h dc dii  h digil mdium – wih is ucd s  isigig lyul imvisis d is biliy  duc my

 .    0  .    1    h    0    2   o  ,   y    ®  v         l        i       L   S  ,    d     n     z         c   i     w    S  s  ,       2   M   e  x    t   x     e    T   M  ,      u      d       i   e   r   y   u   a   s   i       s   l    i    l    P   e  ,       a       L     c    ©  s   :   a   s     y   g        r   :   m  s    i       s    h    i                B    a

viis d iis   sigl c – llws   fxibiliy  uu h is c  gi cig viul c cs  h vy css  duci isl (McCullugh 1996). Wh McCullugh’s bsvis  culd wih Csv’s dscii  h mchisms  viul cmis h w d u cig  md  civiy h hks bck  h dys b h Idusil rvlui; h c  h c is  ly h css h bu ls h mch  his  h w uu.  McCullugh imvisi lys  iisic  i his css, d wh imvisi is ccd cmuil dvu hs  disic dvg v is cu i h lgu lm. this dvg is mbddd i h vy mil dic bw h w: h digil vim hdls ‘bis’ s sd  mil ms. Whil ms c ly b miuld   ci dg b ‘mil’ ss bkig dw, ‘bis’ c b

sm h cius   lis h sciic isums by which h is csucig his mdl. Giv h slidiy  his ssssm ls, s wll s his cdmic xis i cmics d ublic licy, i wuld  b  imud  gd his dicis s inormed dlibis. ev i his cgiis ly b il ui, humkid my d isl livig i  vsly ld wld,  idd i mulil wlds: h ‘syhic’  d ‘l’  simulusly. W my d uslvs i  scil miliu wh h bulk  cil im, i  idd wk hus,  s i sicl, ivlus, lyul d u civiy; w my d uslvs i  sc i which cmic dmd d suly  shd by ms h  culy big gd i li syhic viul wlds. ruig ull cicl  h dys  h Idusil rvlui, dsigs d iss my d hmslvs hmslvs  ly ccivig bu ls cig d mchdizig mchdizig hi w civ uu, d h

cssd, vsd d miuld iily wih  lss. Cmuil civiy hus bcms  civiy h c ls b dscibd s ly wih  ully vlvig bjc h c dlssly b imvisd u. alhugh wiig   im dig h dv   ully il mvs such s Scd Li®, which cs  us-cd c, McCullugh is hlss w – hugh bsvig cuss  h g such s SimCiy –  h imlicis h hs ‘build wlds’ hv u ll digil civiy. H s h ‘h uliy  hs simulis wihu xlici wiig cdiis my fc  csiucy h ls susis  lyul iud i duciv cmuig’ (McCullugh 1996). a h bgiig  Exodus to the Virtual World  Csv ls his d  h c h h bk is   sculiv u. Hwv, Hwv,  his ig

iisic dscis, uci d usg  h uu my b vsly di  hs  h s dy. rEfErEncEs

Csv, e. (2007), Exodus to the Virtual World , nw Yk: plgv Mcmill. McCullugh, M. (1996),  Abstracting Crat: The Practiced Digital Hand , Bs, Ma: MIt pss. ExcErptfrom:

Metaplasticity in Virtual Worlds: Aesthetics and  Semantics Concepts, did by G. Mu (IGI-Glbl publishig, 2010). rEadon…

eli ayi | Sbci Uivsiy edi: Metaverse Creativity , ISSn 20403550

7

artiCle

crEativE activity in thE virtual world Eli Ayiter , edi, Metaverse Creativity 

In HIS BooK Exodus to the Virtual World, cmis edwd Csv dics  migi,  csidbl is, m h hysicl lm  h dimsil, li syhic wlds wihi h x w dcds. th icid ucm wuld b  dmghic ldslid  sigic ugh scicmic imc  csiu  d  cmllig chgs i liicl, scil, culul d cmic sgis,  ly i h viul bu ls i h hysicl lm (Csv 2007). as sd   disc,  wy migi, s wuld b h cs i uli shis i h hysicl wld, h icid migi wuld b   ciuus u, wih migs swichig bck d h bw h hysicl d h syhic wld. I, duig his bb d fw  im llci, m d m hus  civiy bcm id by h

viul wld h h hysicl wld wuld su h csqucs, csqucs, imily hugh h lss  vu gd by h csumi  (hysicl) gds. Hwv,  qul imc wuld b h lss  is d i i (hysicl) sciculul ccucs, vs d licy. By lkig  h cu hlh idics  viul cmis (h igs  which c dily b sld i hysicl cucis such s h US Dll) Csv dics h i  sucily lg umb  lys mig  viul sus h h csqucs csqucs  hysicl cmis, d by xsi sci-liicl sucus, will b wul ugh  isig udml chgs i (hysicl) ublic licis s wll s  -xmii/ -dii  (hysicl) sciculul mchisms ll v h glb. uhm, Csv ss his s  m h likly ccuc wh viwd wihi h cmic hy  hum im us, h llci  i d h civss  viul wlds wihi is cx, s wll s h gwh i h gmig idusy culd wih h mgc  ubiquius chlgis. Sic civ cics  ixicbly iwid wih h sciculul miliu wihi which hy fuish, i wuld llw h vs chg,  ly i ms  h cul civ uu isl, bu scilly d m imly i ms  h cxul miss wihi which his civ uu is gd, shuld ls b xcd. Mlclm McCullugh chs h css  viul civiy hugh  xmii  h viul mdium isl d h suig quims  csmshi h his mdium bigs  b u h civ csss ivlvd i h lizi  viul cs. accdig  McCullugh, idividud hum csmshi –  m lgly vlkd by mdis  d dsig mvms – is big, c gi, bugh vy much  h  by h ciis  digil civiy. Whil h ssmbly li  mchizd idusy dics h h dvl/ cciv  h dsig bjc is ivibly mvd mvd m h cul hs  is duci; iss, by d lg, sm  hv mbcd his disici . Hwv, dy h dc dii  h digil mdium – wih is ucd s  isigig lyul imvisis d is biliy  duc my

 .    0  .    1    h    0    2   o  ,   y    ®  v         l        i       L   S  ,    d     n     z         c   i     w    S  s  ,       2   M   e  x    t   x     e    T   M  ,      u      d       i   e   r   y   u   a   s   i       s   l    i    l    P   e  ,       a       L     c    ©  s   :   a   s     y   g        r   :   m  s    i       s    h    i                B    a

viis d iis   sigl c – llws   fxibiliy  uu h is c  gi cig viul c cs  h vy css  duci isl (McCullugh 1996). Wh McCullugh’s bsvis  culd wih Csv’s dscii  h mchisms  viul cmis h w d u cig  md  civiy h hks bck  h dys b h Idusil rvlui; h c  h c is  ly h css h bu ls h mch  his  h w uu.  McCullugh imvisi lys  iisic  i his css, d wh imvisi is ccd cmuil dvu hs  disic dvg v is cu i h lgu lm. this dvg is mbddd i h vy mil dic bw h w: h digil vim hdls ‘bis’ s sd  mil ms. Whil ms c ly b miuld   ci dg b ‘mil’ ss bkig dw, ‘bis’ c b

sm h cius   lis h sciic isums by which h is csucig his mdl. Giv h slidiy  his ssssm ls, s wll s his cdmic xis i cmics d ublic licy, i wuld  b  imud  gd his dicis s inormed dlibis. ev i his cgiis ly b il ui, humkid my d isl livig i  vsly ld wld,  idd i mulil wlds: h ‘syhic’  d ‘l’  simulusly. W my d uslvs i  scil miliu wh h bulk  cil im, i  idd wk hus,  s i sicl, ivlus, lyul d u civiy; w my d uslvs i  sc i which cmic dmd d suly  shd by ms h  culy big gd i li syhic viul wlds. ruig ull cicl  h dys  h Idusil rvlui, dsigs d iss my d hmslvs hmslvs  ly ccivig bu ls cig d mchdizig mchdizig hi w civ uu, d h

cssd, vsd d miuld iily wih  lss. Cmuil civiy hus bcms  civiy h c ls b dscibd s ly wih  ully vlvig bjc h c dlssly b imvisd u. alhugh wiig   im dig h dv   ully il mvs such s Scd Li®, which cs  us-cd c, McCullugh is hlss w – hugh bsvig cuss  h g such s SimCiy –  h imlicis h hs ‘build wlds’ hv u ll digil civiy. H s h ‘h uliy  hs simulis wihu xlici wiig cdiis my fc  csiucy h ls susis  lyul iud i duciv cmuig’ (McCullugh 1996). a h bgiig  Exodus to the Virtual World  Csv ls his d  h c h h bk is   sculiv u. Hwv, Hwv,  his ig

iisic dscis, uci d usg  h uu my b vsly di  hs  h s dy. rEfErEncEs

Csv, e. (2007), Exodus to the Virtual World , nw Yk: plgv Mcmill. McCullugh, M. (1996),  Abstracting Crat: The Practiced Digital Hand , Bs, Ma: MIt pss. ExcErptfrom:

Metaplasticity in Virtual Worlds: Aesthetics and  Semantics Concepts, did by G. Mu (IGI-Glbl publishig, 2010). rEadon…

eli ayi | Sbci Uivsiy edi: Metaverse Creativity , ISSn 20403550

6

7

Q&a

At ca   ai  i t ac  dat. Katarzyna Marciniak , C-uh, Streets o Crocodiles

 .   z    d    ó    Ł   n    i   y       d

            n  .    i   z   w    d   y   ó   n   Ł   n  n   u   i   s                                S      n   k     s     w      m    i    k             s         i   s   p   s     n                s          s   c   g   n  w   u        h   y   S   p    a  o   :

  e   h   c   S    I   r    d   l   o   n   i   a  a   e   T   r    A    i  ,    F   i  ,    i   k    k  s   s   w   w          u      u   t    t   l    i    l    i   m   m        K    K   ©    ©  :   :        g   g       m    i   m    i           h       g      i    L   r

8

a pHotoGrapHIC pHotoGrapHIC StILL –  micscic click  im – c mv yu d sy wih yu lik  huig. I ivis yu  cml h w  ci. I dics yu uwd, vlig  slic  h wld,  c,  fci i h mi,  cuyd wshd i shdws; d i dics yu iwd, cmllig yu  hik bu h cs yu suddly mmb,  lcs yu hv l bhid. plyig wih yu imgii, i c duc  viscl ss,  bdily siig, by uchig  v yu did  v kw yu hd d disclsig smhig w bu yu u s  visul big. pl us  i ll kids  wys:  hid  hl vluis; vluis;  ici  sis scil judic;  highligh  cd  ijusic;  ccl  umsk scil xiis;  simly  g  shic high. as  viw, yu dcih h wy h  mks yu l: yu c hs ligs d h vcis hy . a c vk, isi,  disub; i c  yu ys  wlds h h yu w, , s hd i h cs  hs wh mgd  dw whil imisd  auschwiz, i c k yu liv v i h c  dh. rEadon…

Kzy Mciik | ohi Uivsiy C-uh (wih Kmil tuwski): Streets o Crocodiles , ISBn 9781841503653

9

Q&a

At ca   ai  i t ac  dat. Katarzyna Marciniak , C-uh, Streets o Crocodiles

 .   z    d    ó    Ł   n    i   y       d

            n  .    i   z   w    d   y   ó   n   Ł   n  n   u   i   s                                S      n   k     s     w      m    i    k             s         i   s   p   s     n                s          s   c   g   n  w   u        h   y   S   p    a  o   :

  e   h   c   S    I   r    d   l   o   n   i   a  a   e   T   r    A    i  ,    F   i  ,    i   k    k  s   s   w   w          u      u   t    t   l    i    l    i   m   m        K    K    ©    ©  :   :        g   g       m    i   m    i           h       g      i    L   r

8

a pHotoGrapHIC pHotoGrapHIC StILL –  micscic click  im – c mv yu d sy wih yu lik  huig. I ivis yu  cml h w  ci. I dics yu uwd, vlig  slic  h wld,  c,  fci i h mi,  cuyd wshd i shdws; d i dics yu iwd, cmllig yu  hik bu h cs yu suddly mmb,  lcs yu hv l bhid. plyig wih yu imgii, i c duc  viscl ss,  bdily siig, by uchig  v yu did  v kw yu hd d disclsig smhig w bu yu u s  visul big. pl us  i ll kids  wys:  hid  hl vluis; vluis;  ici  sis scil judic;  highligh  cd  ijusic;  ccl  umsk scil xiis;  simly  g  shic high. as  viw, yu dcih h wy h  mks yu l: yu c hs ligs d h vcis hy . a c vk, isi,  disub; i c  yu ys  wlds h h yu w, , s hd i h cs  hs wh mgd  dw whil imisd  auschwiz, i c k yu liv v i h c  dh. rEadon…

Kzy Mciik | ohi Uivsiy C-uh (wih Kmil tuwski): Streets o Crocodiles , ISBn 9781841503653

9

artiCle

fashion and art: critical crossovErs edi, Australasian Journal o Popular Culture Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas , edi, Australasian

G iss sic Budli w i csicy wih shi. (thd W. ad i Dswld 2006) WHen We LooK bck  h wih cuy,  im wh h lishi bw  d shi fuishd i  wy h i hd v d b, w bgi  ic h  cll shi ‘’s ii d ivlus h’ is   glib, v mid iccu d ui. , sic h bgiig  h wih cuy, cuy, shi hs lyd  cl  i ulizig . this is  cssily m slly i h ss  dbsig   ul l, bu h m wih dissmiig isic mis mgs scil gus wh hv hd lil cc wih ‘high’   wh l ucmbl bu dlig wih i. Yvs Si Lu’s Mdi dss is  cs i i: i ud  livly scilizd is i smhig   hushld m. ad i sms hisy hs d isl:  h MtV awds,  12 Smb 2010, h si-ud  s Ldy Gg ccd h wd  Vid  h Y wig  m dss ccssizd wih  m h. th m dss hd ldy b ‘d’ by h Cdi visul is J Sbk i 1987, bu his ws  slighly m cmdu, isqué dsig. Kw  h guchi, Ldy Gg hd chsd  mdi sm. Cuiusly i h wldwid ss h llwd,  mi ws md  Sbk; h h  s hd cm  his  h w ccd is ccivbl, bu ws h mssg h sm? Smwh: i ws ly  s  gis h Uid Ss md cs’ ‘D’ sk, d’ ll’ licy. u m-svicm d wm wh hd 10

b xlld m h md svics  big gy d lsbi ccmid Gg  h wds. a sg su  gy ighs, Gg suggsd h h dss hd b   h sm. Ws i h  wk  ? Wh is h ‘igil’ wk   siid wihi ll  his? ths  qusis  d, bu wh is ci is h h ii  is l hd g m cdmic  mss. I h wih cuy shi bcm  cl cc  my iss, wh udsd h vciv w  clhig i cig  idiy d sblishig hi wk s  glbl ‘bd’. th v Dsbug, ld  h D Sijl mvm, w  blck sui d whi scks d i  s h giv  vydy dss. Ddis J a cd lb csums s  m  siil dss, d ady Whl d Jsh Buys imd d s shi ds: Whl wih his whi wig d glsss d Buys wih his shig jck d h. ‘th lk ws s im s h  isl’ (Müll 2000). as much s iss w cd  sil cds  shibiliy, dsigs syld hmslvs s isic svs i  m  b lvd i h lm   : cuui Chls Wh’s sl-sylizi mimickd h  Duch i rmbd,  ig wih  simil blck skullc, d Jh Glli is  dscibd s h ‘Dli  shi’ i his s d chic  clhig. ruig  Sbk, h ‘cud fk sk dss’ is ls  xml   mig shi, ismuch s shi d dss   b w, d, m yiclly,  is . I his ic Sbk usd shi d dss s  vhicl  cmmuic issus  h bdy d

 .      c         m   m       C   +           a    /   ø    b   s    d   n   u    S      v    l   ø    S    ©   :      g      m    i        h   g    i    r

11

artiCle

fashion and art: critical crossovErs edi, Australasian Journal o Popular Culture Adam Geczy and Vicki Karaminas , edi, Australasian

G iss sic Budli w i csicy wih shi. (thd W. ad i Dswld 2006) WHen We LooK bck  h wih cuy,  im wh h lishi bw  d shi fuishd i  wy h i hd v d b, w bgi  ic h  cll shi ‘’s ii d ivlus h’ is   glib, v mid iccu d ui. , sic h bgiig  h wih cuy, cuy, shi hs lyd  cl  i ulizig . this is  cssily m slly i h ss  dbsig   ul l, bu h m wih dissmiig isic mis mgs scil gus wh hv hd lil cc wih ‘high’   wh l ucmbl bu dlig wih i. Yvs Si Lu’s Mdi dss is  cs i i: i ud  livly scilizd is i smhig   hushld m. ad i sms hisy hs d isl:  h MtV awds,  12 Smb 2010, h si-ud  s Ldy Gg ccd h wd  Vid  h Y wig  m dss ccssizd wih  m h. th m dss hd ldy b ‘d’ by h Cdi visul is J Sbk i 1987, bu his ws  slighly m cmdu, isqué dsig. Kw  h guchi, Ldy Gg hd chsd  mdi sm. Cuiusly i h wldwid ss h llwd,  mi ws md  Sbk; h h  s hd cm  his  h w ccd is ccivbl, bu ws h mssg h sm? Smwh: i ws ly  s  gis h Uid Ss md cs’ ‘D’ sk, d’ ll’ licy. u m-svicm d wm wh hd

b xlld m h md svics  big gy d lsbi ccmid Gg  h wds. a sg su  gy ighs, Gg suggsd h h dss hd b   h sm. Ws i h  wk  ? Wh is h ‘igil’ wk   siid wihi ll  his? ths  qusis  d, bu wh is ci is h h ii  is l hd g m cdmic  mss. I h wih cuy shi bcm  cl cc  my iss, wh udsd h vciv w  clhig i cig  idiy d sblishig hi wk s  glbl ‘bd’. th v Dsbug, ld  h D Sijl mvm, w  blck sui d whi scks d i  s h giv  vydy dss. Ddis J a cd lb csums s  m  siil dss, d ady Whl d Jsh Buys imd d s shi ds: Whl wih his whi wig d glsss d Buys wih his shig jck d h. ‘th lk ws s im s h  isl’ (Müll 2000). as much s iss w cd  sil cds  shibiliy, dsigs syld hmslvs s isic svs i  m  b lvd i h lm   : cuui Chls Wh’s sl-sylizi mimickd h  Duch i rmbd,  ig wih  simil blck skullc, d Jh Glli is  dscibd s h ‘Dli  shi’ i his s d chic  clhig. ruig  Sbk, h ‘cud fk sk dss’ is ls  xml   mig shi, ismuch s shi d dss   b w, d, m yiclly,  is . I his ic Sbk usd shi d dss s  vhicl  cmmuic issus  h bdy d

 .      c         m   m       C   +           a    /   ø    b   s    d   n   u    S      v    l   ø    S    ©   :      g      m    i        h   g    i    r

10

11

h mii. th udic d h ciic  chllgd  c cmig diis by skig: is h dss ,  ccul shi? Similly Sbk’s Magic Shoes (1992),  i  high hls hd  chis, summs  ss bu wm’s livs d h culu  vicimhd. shi h bgis  sh  simil lgug wih ,  h ci  h ‘dss’ d h ‘shs’ xis  ly wihi h dmi  isic duci, bu wihi  sil discus h ds  s  ‘mbdid’ d miv cic. shi, wis J ewisl, ‘is bu bdis: i is ducd, md d w by bdis. I is h bdy h shi sks  d i is h bdy h mus b dssd i lms ll scil cus’ (ewisl 2000). Whils ewisl’s cus is  shi, h h , ‘dss i vydy li c b sd m h livig bhig bdy h i ds’ (ewisl 2000). a wihi his cx sigis  bkdw  is diil l i high culu d bgis  cicul wihi  sis  migs bu csumi, ul culu d h vydy. ad lik mss shi, wih is ddc  h wl  syls, bu ulik , h Sbk’s m dss is ishbl,   h ddis  im. Iiclly, Iiclly, Sbk’s wk is w xhibid i  ghsly did s isd   hdlss shi mqui. I w hd  i i, w hv  sy h is sus s  is svd. Bu sig i, w  hlss md w  h judics bw h w di cics d  hw hs dics  isbl m h dics bw scil mdliis s hy   clss, gd, d csumi, s wll

sul, liguisic mwks h llw   b  d h h  b shi. t sy glibly h  is mbdid d h h is’ is ly hl h gum, d  cu-gu h  c smims b w ds’ sl much.   d shi  dd by,  ihbi i yu will, udibly di sysms, d i is hs sysms h d hm s sciv discuss. I h wds, shi d  ccuy di mdliis  si d ci; hy hv di uss d hy  subjc  di sss wihi bh my d dsiig cmis. thus h dics  lss i h bjcs  shi d , sic bh  shic cis  which judgm is lwys subjciv, d m i the places  xchg – scil, cmic, liguisic – h hy ccuy. Sic Mcl Duchm, wh h hisy   hs ugh us is h  c xis wihu h lb cls h gis  h viw h h xic  i is di, idd smhig scil. th s-clld ‘Duchmi vlui’ divss h  bjc  ih mig d us i i  culul c whs sus is cd ccdig   dlic wb  sigs d gms; m h w mus v g  h liv sciciy    culu, clss d c, wihu whs cs, ici,  vi, h  xic is dimiishd i  ulld. Wh shi sudis hv ugh us is h shi is  vy scic hm  h Ws d  mdiy –  k higs s d v, ‘mdiy’ c b d h i h Hgli ss   shic hm i xisc sic h Middl ags, i

D ai a at t  at? Ad d at a d ai?

s h much wid i  mliy: h vlus h ih i higs dmd m d i hs dmd hml. Wh shi is lcd wihi h cx  h sc  h musum d h  glly, is vlu s  cmmcilly div, mss-mk duc siis m ‘csumbl mchdis’ mchdis’  ‘ islli’. I  quick sw, shi’s s-cd cmmcil l css d i ligs isl wihi  w vlu sysm: i bcms  d cmmdiy  b cllcd. Whh  ami privé vig gw,   Dmi His islli, h budis bw high d ul culu w bgi  y, s ‘shi sks  ch isl  h vlu sysm  , s  sks  mv h sigm  such ssciis’. a shi is ducd d shi css  b ’s h, isd i bgis  vi  qul sus. th qusi, is shi , lds   gum,  cmli, whs wkss lis i  ddssig h sysms   d shi hmslvs.  v  cuy h dbs hv cusd  h  bjc d h shi im wihu lkig  h cs12

which, gi i  Hgli ss, hums bg  hv  sg ss  idividul csciusss csciusss d gcy. shi, s  discus,  sysm d    sudy, v wh i cis is   dss, csum d clhs, is h  disc hisicl iy. this is much h sm s h id   s  civiy by idividuls  scilizd gus wh duc shic bjcs  xics  ciicl dic  vydy li d h sus qu. Bh m m  scil cgui  clss, cil d cmmuici h bgis i h l Middl ags d h rissc,  id h sw  shi wy m igid sicus  ligi d gvc  h  sl-wshi, mbiliy d h biliy  x chg. Lik my isl, shi d   symblic gs, bu hi lvls  sci  di – d his is u  m hw my gms  dislyd i  musum cx.  w mus sk – bv d byd h di (lbi uv d vlig) s  xchg d cssus i which shi d   – ds shi lly w  b ? ad ds  lly d shi?

Hw wuld i b h ‘sysms’? shi uss  i is hic, i divs  culss y  is idims d xssis m  ( xml ‘cc’ d ‘islli’), d vis  h sm d scil mic h is dd  h s d high culu – chicu, music, h d  – bu his, w wuld v, is   shi’s u, mly  mii  vs d gisic lishi  . Lik h vy u  dsi isl, c h dsi is ssugd i is qulld. shi, h, migh dsi  bcm , bu ‘kws’ h  d s migh ld  is ui, lik gms  disly h   vlubl  b w. Im wk hs mgd wihi h ld  shi sudis sblishig h imc  chig h dssd bdy s  ‘fshy,’ ‘siud bdily cic’ (ewisl 2001). Such wk hs dvcd hicl ggm i his  d vidd scu gud m which  xd xli  h mbdim d dismbdim  dss wihi  musum cx. th si – sm us h wd ‘subli’, h clumsy sli  h Hgli ‘auhbug’ –   m vydy discus is ssil (h is  lc  bgi  discuss ’s -li gism  h wy h his si clls  h (Hgli) ‘d  ’ hsis), bu shi ds  b mbild i vydy discus. ad hi lis h cdil dic bw shi d : hi lishi  im,  tim. Qui Bll lquly sums u his disici,

whil ls highlighig wh Gills Livsky clld h ‘highly blmic isiui’  shi: ad y ‘shi’, bcus i imlis chg d mubiliy, mubiliy, suggss smhig ivlus d icsidbl. icsidbl. a judgm bsd u shi is l  b lss ubl h  bsd u hs l vlus, hs duig uhs which, s w lik  sus, w c ll cgiz d i h ligh  which w c lg shibl iis  hi  d ii lc. ‘I is shibl  mii…’ – such  bgiig llws us  ici h h sk will s   smhig m m h shi. a shibl is is cily  wh will bid u judgm. Such ssumis my b, i c cily , u; hig is s ml s shi, no ower carries within it more plainly the seeds o its own destruction ; h ly ubl is h wh w sk l viis gis which w c msu h shcmigs  shi hy my b h hd  d. Bu i i cdmig shi w imly h i is h duc   lighwigh mi d  h c sily b disgdd h w my ll i  vy gv . (Livsky 1987: 4, mhsis ddd) th vscc  shi vsus h lsigss   is h l sickig i. ev shi clssics 13

h mii. th udic d h ciic  chllgd  c cmig diis by skig: is h dss ,  ccul shi? Similly Sbk’s Magic Shoes (1992),  i  high hls hd  chis, summs  ss bu wm’s livs d h culu  vicimhd. shi h bgis  sh  simil lgug wih ,  h ci  h ‘dss’ d h ‘shs’ xis  ly wihi h dmi  isic duci, bu wihi  sil discus h ds  s  ‘mbdid’ d miv cic. shi, wis J ewisl, ‘is bu bdis: i is ducd, md d w by bdis. I is h bdy h shi sks  d i is h bdy h mus b dssd i lms ll scil cus’ (ewisl 2000). Whils ewisl’s cus is  shi, h h , ‘dss i vydy li c b sd m h livig bhig bdy h i ds’ (ewisl 2000). a wihi his cx sigis  bkdw  is diil l i high culu d bgis  cicul wihi  sis  migs bu csumi, ul culu d h vydy. ad lik mss shi, wih is ddc  h wl  syls, bu ulik , h Sbk’s m dss is ishbl,   h ddis  im. Iiclly, Iiclly, Sbk’s wk is w xhibid i  ghsly did s isd   hdlss shi mqui. I w hd  i i, w hv  sy h is sus s  is svd. Bu sig i, w  hlss md w  h judics bw h w di cics d  hw hs dics  isbl m h dics bw scil mdliis s hy   clss, gd, d csumi, s wll

sul, liguisic mwks h llw   b  d h h  b shi. t sy glibly h  is mbdid d h h is’ is ly hl h gum, d  cu-gu h  c smims b w ds’ sl much.   d shi  dd by,  ihbi i yu will, udibly di sysms, d i is hs sysms h d hm s sciv discuss. I h wds, shi d  ccuy di mdliis  si d ci; hy hv di uss d hy  subjc  di sss wihi bh my d dsiig cmis. thus h dics  lss i h bjcs  shi d , sic bh  shic cis  which judgm is lwys subjciv, d m i the places  xchg – scil, cmic, liguisic – h hy ccuy. Sic Mcl Duchm, wh h hisy   hs ugh us is h  c xis wihu h lb cls h gis  h viw h h xic  i is di, idd smhig scil. th s-clld ‘Duchmi vlui’ divss h  bjc  ih mig d us i i  culul c whs sus is cd ccdig   dlic wb  sigs d gms; m h w mus v g  h liv sciciy    culu, clss d c, wihu whs cs, ici,  vi, h  xic is dimiishd i  ulld. Wh shi sudis hv ugh us is h shi is  vy scic hm  h Ws d  mdiy –  k higs s d v, ‘mdiy’ c b d h i h Hgli ss   shic hm i xisc sic h Middl ags, i

D ai a at t  at? Ad d at a d ai?

s h much wid i  mliy: h vlus h ih i higs dmd m d i hs dmd hml. Wh shi is lcd wihi h cx  h sc  h musum d h  glly, is vlu s  cmmcilly div, mss-mk duc siis m ‘csumbl mchdis’ mchdis’  ‘ islli’. I  quick sw, shi’s s-cd cmmcil l css d i ligs isl wihi  w vlu sysm: i bcms  d cmmdiy  b cllcd. Whh  ami privé vig gw,   Dmi His islli, h budis bw high d ul culu w bgi  y, s ‘shi sks  ch isl  h vlu sysm  , s  sks  mv h sigm  such ssciis’. a shi is ducd d shi css  b ’s h, isd i bgis  vi  qul sus. th qusi, is shi , lds   gum,  cmli, whs wkss lis i  ddssig h sysms   d shi hmslvs.  v  cuy h dbs hv cusd  h  bjc d h shi im wihu lkig  h cs-

Hw wuld i b h ‘sysms’? shi uss  i is hic, i divs  culss y  is idims d xssis m  ( xml ‘cc’ d ‘islli’), d vis  h sm d scil mic h is dd  h s d high culu – chicu, music, h d  – bu his, w wuld v, is   shi’s u, mly  mii  vs d gisic lishi  . Lik h vy u  dsi isl, c h dsi is ssugd i is qulld. shi, h, migh dsi  bcm , bu ‘kws’ h  d s migh ld  is ui, lik gms  disly h   vlubl  b w. Im wk hs mgd wihi h ld  shi sudis sblishig h imc  chig h dssd bdy s  ‘fshy,’ ‘siud bdily cic’ (ewisl 2001). Such wk hs dvcd hicl ggm i his  d vidd scu gud m which  xd xli  h mbdim d dismbdim  dss wihi  musum cx. th si – sm us h wd ‘subli’, h clumsy sli  h Hgli ‘auhbug’ –   m vydy discus is ssil (h is  lc  bgi  discuss ’s -li gism  h wy h his si clls  h (Hgli) ‘d  ’ hsis), bu shi ds  b mbild i vydy discus. ad hi lis h cdil dic bw shi d : hi lishi  im,  tim. Qui Bll lquly sums u his disici,

which, gi i  Hgli ss, hums bg  hv  sg ss  idividul csciusss csciusss d gcy. shi, s  discus,  sysm d    sudy, v wh i cis is   dss, csum d clhs, is h  disc hisicl iy. this is much h sm s h id   s  civiy by idividuls  scilizd gus wh duc shic bjcs  xics  ciicl dic  vydy li d h sus qu. Bh m m  scil cgui  clss, cil d cmmuici h bgis i h l Middl ags d h rissc,  id h sw  shi wy m igid sicus  ligi d gvc  h  sl-wshi, mbiliy d h biliy  x chg. Lik my isl, shi d   symblic gs, bu hi lvls  sci  di – d his is u  m hw my gms  dislyd i  musum cx.  w mus sk – bv d byd h di (lbi uv d vlig) s  xchg d cssus i which shi d   – ds shi lly w  b ? ad ds  lly d shi?

whil ls highlighig wh Gills Livsky clld h ‘highly blmic isiui’  shi: ad y ‘shi’, bcus i imlis chg d mubiliy, mubiliy, suggss smhig ivlus d icsidbl. icsidbl. a judgm bsd u shi is l  b lss ubl h  bsd u hs l vlus, hs duig uhs which, s w lik  sus, w c ll cgiz d i h ligh  which w c lg shibl iis  hi  d ii lc. ‘I is shibl  mii…’ – such  bgiig llws us  ici h h sk will s   smhig m m h shi. a shibl is is cily  wh will bid u judgm. Such ssumis my b, i c cily , u; hig is s ml s shi, no ower carries within it more plainly the seeds o its own destruction ; h ly ubl is h wh w sk l viis gis which w c msu h shcmigs  shi hy my b h hd  d. Bu i i cdmig shi w imly h i is h duc   lighwigh mi d  h c sily b disgdd h w my ll i  vy gv . (Livsky 1987: 4, mhsis ddd) th vscc  shi vsus h lsigss   is h l sickig i. ev shi clssics

12

13

 mdcius, s hy  mly mus h  dii-d d udd, s lg s hy hv  idibl ‘c’, such s Lvi’s 501 dim js. Bu his is  xm. Bll s  sbig cciv. Vbl d hs sk   high siiul d s h suc  shi, which is ls h suc  . I my b s h  my illcully d siiully fc h d, bu shi c mily sisy i, d wih shi i c b m sily idid; l lilly w i  hi slv. B w g y uh, i is cssy  glss  d shi ccdig  h hilshicl mwk  h cc  syl. n h wd  cc is s ciicl  h vl. I is ls wh ds bh s sysms wihi h ws hs.  h bih  shi s  disc id byd h xdis  m clhig  dss is cmius wih  hilshicl sl-csciusss  c. t hv syl is  ssss  diiig d ssumdly vibl bsc, h is, imlbl quliy. Y  smhig  b sylizd is  b igid d k  h i  ll bcus  is lck  ulss. ad smwh bw hs w cdis lis h cmlx d wdul dx  h uh  c wihi  d shi: syl is  suddd, , dsid quiy h is  ul, bu which ssiss i smhig’s cmig--c. cmig--c. W w clhs, cv uslvs wih  u ski  cds d cis i d  us  b s hw w uly . eqully,  is imssibl wihu  syl. th is  such hig s  syllss wk  . I is h cc  si: h disi, h mduli h mks smhig icbl, mks i u, m idibl, d ich d m cmllig h sic higs i h vydy wld. Bh  d shi s w kw hm  bugh gh wih h dvlm  h id  hisy. th hisy   bgis wih h hisy  syl. this hisy is ls bugh  b u h hisy  syls wihi shi. Sic h 1980s  hisy hs udg umus umus ciss d visis: smdiy, visul culu, w mdi d w h dubius cch ll ‘cmy’. Such shis d ciss w mivd by  vid chg i h wy  ws big ducd d hizd. th c   hisy ibud  Gmbich – h bwd is jcy d sig hvily m Hgl’s Aesthetics – d ulizd by h nw Yk ciic Gbg, ss  s  cssi  syls, ch blgig   s  blis, mivis d culul ccs. psmdiy cgizs h , s  dilcicl gssi, is ih ls   lg lv. th    (chig tyb’s his  h is d ll  civilizis),  gis, g d dcli, is  lg bl bcus h is  lg  cc  g syl. Blis d iss hv v b s dis. Hc h ‘cmy’ s w kw i i  is  hm  cmlx muliiusss. th sm, idd, c b sid  cmy shi. Mwhil h is lwys smhig l hgig u h, h lizig ibiliy  ‘hvig syl’. this is h xcil, i myhic, quliy  xisig usid  im. G  is xcd  scd h lims  is hisiclly-cicumscibd syl,  sk  h gis i vius wys; whil 14

artiCle

 sm  hv syl is  hv   Je ne sais quoi  h is iducibl  h mil lms w  h bdy. nih h, c b bugh, gmmd, dicd , ls, xcly dd. a his i w migh sy h  d shi chs y h msk   is uh. Hc h chmb  mis  dic d ii h is cmy  d cmy shi. shi isl cius  b d by h bush  cmmcilism, cmmcilism, d wh h wd ‘shibl’ is usd i  cicls i hs  idly jiv jiv dg. Bu i is ls u h h diusi  dmic h  is xicig i h wk  glblizi – ud h h quivcl ubic  ‘th Cmy’ (s i is usd i  cicls) – hs m h h wvs  c, xsu d is hv cm, icsigly, icsigly,  smbl h mdliis  h wy h shi---dy sks  dii isl m wh cm b i, whil ls hvig ugh sc  ciuiy. I his clim, wh shi hs v  is wh ad, wih dismissiv iy, iy, clld h ‘jg  uhiciy’. Wih shi, uhiciy cms i w ms:  cdibl lik  is mk, d  s  liks i h hisy  gssi,  wvs   icul dcy, lk,  syl. Wih , uhiciy cis much m gvis d hs vs  humiy’s sch  uh. this qus is   b dcid, bu w wuld  dcy i i  di wy wih gd  shi ih. ad i h bsc  h sdd uis  msu, i h c  h ‘lgiimi ciss’ h mkd smdism, w  cd wih  livism wh h msu  quliy is  uv mixu  cssus d cvici. t us, hs cicumscs  cmllig: h id  h shi sysm hs s much  sy bu , scilly cmy , s i ds  isl.

why wE makE art Richard Hickman , auh, Why We Make Art & Why it is Taught 

rEfErEncEs

Dswld, Chish (d.) (2006), Double-Face. The Story about Fashion and Art rom Mohammed to Warhol , exhibii Clgu, S. Gll: Musum  h as, Musum  txils, Musum  Hisy d Musum  Cmy as, . 20. ewisl, J (2000), The Fashioned Body , Ld: Sg, . 1. ewisl, J d Wils, elizbh (ds) (2001), Body Dressing , oxd d nw Yk: Bg. Livsky, Gills (1987), The Empire o Fashion: Dressing Modern Democracy  (s. Chi p), pic nw Jsy: pic Uivsiy pss, . 4. Müll, lc (2000),  Art and Fashion , Ld: thms d Huds, . 12. ExcErptfrom:

Fashion and Art  (Bg, 2012). 2012). rEadon…

Vicki Kmis | Uivsiy  tchlgy, Sydy edi: Australasian Journal o Popular Culture , ISSn: 20455852 auh: Street Style: Shanghai , ISBn 9781841505381 adm Gczy | Sydy Cllg  th as, Sydy Uivsiy

 .   n      m    k   c    i    H    d          h   c    i    r    ©   :      g      m    I

I WoULD SUGGeSt h vy, h is ll hum bigs, hv  i cciy d dsi  mkig . Hwv, bcus  ’s ccul sliiss d h c h i is s dd u culu, such  suggsi ds quliyig by kig  vy bd dii  wh is m by mkig . amgs h l I hv lkd wih bu hi civ dvus  my wh d  csid hmslvs  b iss, bu xhibi ll  h dcis h iss  disly:  ssi dsi  c smhig h lks gd d ls igh – smhig h hs icul sigicc, sigicc, whh i b  bihdy ck,  gd,   hisyl. I such civiis, iuii, iuii, xssi, xssi, skill d  csidi  shic m – ll ibus  isic civiy –  csidd im. Wh vy ds is h uiy  c d, wh h ccsi clls  i,  c smhig  shic sigicc: h is, smhig h hs mig  h s wh cd i. th m h I  h is ‘cig shic sigicc’. ‘Cig’ bcus  h wd’s sscii

wih civiy d ivivss, ccs h hv  icul sc wh lkig bu hum dvlm. ‘ashic’ bcus w  ccd h wih h sss. ‘Sigicc’ bcus his is sscid wih mig d ‘sigs’ h  highly xssiv d ivi i. I m  w  y culu i h hisy  humkid h ds  c shic sigicc. sigicc. I  idividul s hs  dmsd dmsd h biliy  dsi  c smhig  shic sigicc h is bcus  lck  uiy. th ug  c shic sigicc is cilid hugh , d wh h   uiis  gg i -mkig civiis h ug is misd i h –  lwys siiv – wys. rEadon…

richd Hickm | Uivsiy  Cmbidg auh: Why We Make Art & Why it is Taught , ISBn 9781841503783 d Critical Studies in Art & Design Education, ISBn 9781841502052 15

 mdcius, s hy  mly mus h  dii-d d udd, s lg s hy hv  idibl ‘c’, such s Lvi’s 501 dim js. Bu his is  xm. Bll s  sbig cciv. Vbl d hs sk   high siiul d s h suc  shi, which is ls h suc  . I my b s h  my illcully d siiully fc h d, bu shi c mily sisy i, d wih shi i c b m sily idid; l lilly w i  hi slv. B w g y uh, i is cssy  glss  d shi ccdig  h hilshicl mwk  h cc  syl. n h wd  cc is s ciicl  h vl. I is ls wh ds bh s sysms wihi h ws hs.  h bih  shi s  disc id byd h xdis  m clhig  dss is cmius wih  hilshicl sl-csciusss  c. t hv syl is  ssss  diiig d ssumdly vibl bsc, h is, imlbl quliy. Y  smhig  b sylizd is  b igid d k  h i  ll bcus  is lck  ulss. ad smwh bw hs w cdis lis h cmlx d wdul dx  h uh  c wihi  d shi: syl is  suddd, , dsid quiy h is  ul, bu which ssiss i smhig’s cmig--c. cmig--c. W w clhs, cv uslvs wih  u ski  cds d cis i d  us  b s hw w uly . eqully,  is imssibl wihu  syl. th is  such hig s  syllss wk  . I is h cc  si: h disi, h mduli h mks smhig icbl, mks i u, m idibl, d ich d m cmllig h sic higs i h vydy wld. Bh  d shi s w kw hm  bugh gh wih h dvlm  h id  hisy. th hisy   bgis wih h hisy  syl. this hisy is ls bugh  b u h hisy  syls wihi shi. Sic h 1980s  hisy hs udg umus umus ciss d visis: smdiy, visul culu, w mdi d w h dubius cch ll ‘cmy’. Such shis d ciss w mivd by  vid chg i h wy  ws big ducd d hizd. th c   hisy ibud  Gmbich – h bwd is jcy d sig hvily m Hgl’s Aesthetics – d ulizd by h nw Yk ciic Gbg, ss  s  cssi  syls, ch blgig   s  blis, mivis d culul ccs. psmdiy cgizs h , s  dilcicl gssi, is ih ls   lg lv. th    (chig tyb’s his  h is d ll  civilizis),  gis, g d dcli, is  lg bl bcus h is  lg  cc  g syl. Blis d iss hv v b s dis. Hc h ‘cmy’ s w kw i i  is  hm  cmlx muliiusss. th sm, idd, c b sid  cmy shi. Mwhil h is lwys smhig l hgig u h, h lizig ibiliy  ‘hvig syl’. this is h xcil, i myhic, quliy  xisig usid  im. G  is xcd  scd h lims  is hisiclly-cicumscibd syl,  sk  h gis i vius wys; whil

artiCle

 sm  hv syl is  hv   Je ne sais quoi  h is iducibl  h mil lms w  h bdy. nih h, c b bugh, gmmd, dicd , ls, xcly dd. a his i w migh sy h  d shi chs y h msk   is uh. Hc h chmb  mis  dic d ii h is cmy  d cmy shi. shi isl cius  b d by h bush  cmmcilism, cmmcilism, d wh h wd ‘shibl’ is usd i  cicls i hs  idly jiv jiv dg. Bu i is ls u h h diusi  dmic h  is xicig i h wk  glblizi – ud h h quivcl ubic  ‘th Cmy’ (s i is usd i  cicls) – hs m h h wvs  c, xsu d is hv cm, icsigly, icsigly,  smbl h mdliis  h wy h shi---dy sks  dii isl m wh cm b i, whil ls hvig ugh sc  ciuiy. I his clim, wh shi hs v  is wh ad, wih dismissiv iy, iy, clld h ‘jg  uhiciy’. Wih shi, uhiciy cms i w ms:  cdibl lik  is mk, d  s  liks i h hisy  gssi,  wvs   icul dcy, lk,  syl. Wih , uhiciy cis much m gvis d hs vs  humiy’s sch  uh. this qus is   b dcid, bu w wuld  dcy i i  di wy wih gd  shi ih. ad i h bsc  h sdd uis  msu, i h c  h ‘lgiimi ciss’ h mkd smdism, w  cd wih  livism wh h msu  quliy is  uv mixu  cssus d cvici. t us, hs cicumscs  cmllig: h id  h shi sysm hs s much  sy bu , scilly cmy , s i ds  isl.

why wE makE art Richard Hickman , auh, Why We Make Art & Why it is Taught 

rEfErEncEs

Dswld, Chish (d.) (2006), Double-Face. The Story about Fashion and Art rom Mohammed to Warhol , exhibii Clgu, S. Gll: Musum  h as, Musum  txils, Musum  Hisy d Musum  Cmy as, . 20. ewisl, J (2000), The Fashioned Body , Ld: Sg, . 1. ewisl, J d Wils, elizbh (ds) (2001), Body Dressing , oxd d nw Yk: Bg. Livsky, Gills (1987), The Empire o Fashion: Dressing Modern Democracy  (s. Chi p), pic nw Jsy: pic Uivsiy pss, . 4. Müll, lc (2000),  Art and Fashion , Ld: thms d Huds, . 12. ExcErptfrom:

Fashion and Art  (Bg, 2012). 2012). rEadon…

Vicki Kmis | Uivsiy  tchlgy, Sydy edi: Australasian Journal o Popular Culture , ISSn: 20455852 auh: Street Style: Shanghai , ISBn 9781841505381 adm Gczy | Sydy Cllg  th as, Sydy Uivsiy

 .   n      m    k   c    i    H    d          h   c    i    r    ©   :      g      m    I

I WoULD SUGGeSt h vy, h is ll hum bigs, hv  i cciy d dsi  mkig . Hwv, bcus  ’s ccul sliiss d h c h i is s dd u culu, such  suggsi ds quliyig by kig  vy bd dii  wh is m by mkig . amgs h l I hv lkd wih bu hi civ dvus  my wh d  csid hmslvs  b iss, bu xhibi ll  h dcis h iss  disly:  ssi dsi  c smhig h lks gd d ls igh – smhig h hs icul sigicc, sigicc, whh i b  bihdy ck,  gd,   hisyl. I such civiis, iuii, iuii, xssi, xssi, skill d  csidi  shic m – ll ibus  isic civiy –  csidd im. Wh vy ds is h uiy  c d, wh h ccsi clls  i,  c smhig  shic sigicc: h is, smhig h hs mig  h s wh cd i. th m h I  h is ‘cig shic sigicc’. ‘Cig’ bcus  h wd’s sscii

wih civiy d ivivss, ccs h hv  icul sc wh lkig bu hum dvlm. ‘ashic’ bcus w  ccd h wih h sss. ‘Sigicc’ bcus his is sscid wih mig d ‘sigs’ h  highly xssiv d ivi i. I m  w  y culu i h hisy  humkid h ds  c shic sigicc. sigicc. I  idividul s hs  dmsd dmsd h biliy  dsi  c smhig  shic sigicc h is bcus  lck  uiy. th ug  c shic sigicc is cilid hugh , d wh h   uiis  gg i -mkig civiis h ug is misd i h –  lwys siiv – wys. rEadon…

richd Hickm | Uivsiy  Cmbidg auh: Why We Make Art & Why it is Taught , ISBn 9781841503783 d Critical Studies in Art & Design Education, ISBn 9781841502052

14

15

artiCle

who carEs about comics? M. Thomas Inge , assci edi, Studies in Comics

CoMICS oCCUpY LeSS d lss sc i wss i h Uid Ss hs dys, d v wh hy hv  g  w  hi w, ch si is s ducd i siz h ld ims hv  squi  d hm. Why d’ w giv hm m sc? ths us ccuy  w scds  u im, bu wh d wll hy c u  smil  u cs  h dy, d my b smhig  sick  h ig d  hs  jy. W shuld su cmics.  s lg s w hv b cdig u hisy, l hv b llig sis d jks hugh h cmbii  wds d icus, d ms is hv hd  dii  squil  iv  d cicu. I ws  uil lil m h  hudd ys g h amic ciss bg 

cmssd im; s i mi icus, visul dvics such s cuig, mig, cls-us, d mg  usd by h cmic is, d sigs c g m h lisic  h sic. Whv hy sh wih h h s, hwv, hy di i disic wys h  ulimly uiqu.   hig, cmics dd   blcd cmbii  wds d icus: h  ddig  h h  mximum c. Wh h  blc my b,  hw much x is  much, d whh   yu c hv cmics wih  wds whsv  qusis sill   db. Ws Prince Valiant, wih h iv d dilgu bh ch m, simly  illusd mdivl mc? Ws h wdlss Henry  lgiim cmic si? Wh bu

Cic   jt  cid. duc hi w vsi  his disic  m i wss. I cm  b clld h cmic si d wuld i millis  ds h wld v. alhugh w hv cgizd h culul d shic vlus  h cmic si, d is  h cmic bk, h im hs cm  ckwldg h hs   hml ms  im, lhugh id  ch  d dsigd  b hw wy. wy. rh hy   sigic   u hig  b chishd  hi duig isic d scil imc. Svl ublishs hv cly udsd his d  issuig hdsm, hdcv cml-cllcis cml-cllci s  such sis s Peanuts, Dennis the Menace , Dick Tracy, Terry and the Pirates , d Gasoline Alley . Cmic  hs much i cmm wih h ms  liy d visul xssi i h md wld. as i ci, h lms  iv, chcizi, chcizi, d sig  im, d s i y, ids mus b dvld wihi  vy sh dig im hugh symbl d suggsi. as i dm,  sy  icid mus b sgd b u ys wihi  bx-lik m d wih sh limiis  dilgu d 16

sigl ls lik The Far Side d Family Circus ? Svl ssil us disiguish cmics m h  ms.  xml, hy  i dily wss dlivd  hms  d h  vilbl  y hushld mmb  y g. nws dis h k cul   b su  csiucy is dd, smims diig  big  qusibl si, which usully licis  l  w  cmli  h di skig why h uis ’ uy ym. this kid  diig quly hd  h liiclly id Pogo d cius  h  Doonesbury . Cmics hv  b liiclly ssiiv, bu h bs hv ushd budis by ig vciv subjcs wih suci skill d humu. Dsi  ully hld i, cmics w v jus  child. ah disiguishig u is h cmics giv us  s  cuig chcs wih whm w bcm cquid v im. rds gi cumuliv miliiy wih h chcs’ sliis, which ssilly mi h sm hughu h liim  h si. as i much humu, sck  sy chcs  cmm, d mulic ii is

  hs chiqus h ms  mk us lugh (s i Chli Bw’s ul usuccssul usuccssul m  kick h bll hld by Lucy,  digm  xisilusi). Wds  usully sk i igul vls clld blls:  chiqu h dscds m ly illusd bdshs d liicl cs. Bcus  limid sc, dilgu is k   bslu miimum d h jk  sy is ld wih h ws wds ssibl –  csidbl chllg  h wi. Sic suds   ssibl, cmic iss s  h ic dvic  mi, d whil my diil wds such s ‘slm’, ‘bg’, ‘sck’,  ‘bum’ will sv, w wd cigs hv ls v cssy. thus cmics hv ichd amic eglish wih such cibuis s ‘ww’, ‘wh’, d ‘zwi’. Whil w c discuss cmics i such gl ms, i is ls cssy  bsv h hy  ichly divs i syl d c. Syls g m h u sy d sulism  Calvin and Hobbes d Krazy Kat,  h shi-l   Rex Morgan d Mary Worth,  h giy dils  lism i h

m ciy ss  Dick Tracy d Spider-Man. th c mbcs ll gs ud i ci, dm, d lm – dmsic cfic, siui cmdy, w, h ws, dvu, sig, cim d dci, h wlds  h child d g, h ssis, iml bls, si, liics, scic ci, sy, d h bsud. Jus wh w hik h c b hig w, smhig lik Pearls Beore Swine cms lg d mgiclly chllgs h xisig diis. th wy-s cuy is  im i which ms  h imi w d is cvyd  us visully, by wy  lvisi, lm, ipd,   cmu sc. Cmics h, d h l dvlm h ghic vl,  dmibly suid  vid l wih  culul xic h is bh milly d illcully sisyig. Wih cmics i hd, w will mi vblly d visully li, d hully  lil m chul d hum. rEadon…

M. thms Ig | rdlh-Mc Cllg assci edi: Studies in Comics , ISSn 20403232 17

artiCle

who carEs about comics? M. Thomas Inge , assci edi, Studies in Comics

CoMICS oCCUpY LeSS d lss sc i wss i h Uid Ss hs dys, d v wh hy hv  g  w  hi w, ch si is s ducd i siz h ld ims hv  squi  d hm. Why d’ w giv hm m sc? ths us ccuy  w scds  u im, bu wh d wll hy c u  smil  u cs  h dy, d my b smhig  sick  h ig d  hs  jy. W shuld su cmics.  s lg s w hv b cdig u hisy, l hv b llig sis d jks hugh h cmbii  wds d icus, d ms is hv hd  dii  squil  iv  d cicu. I ws  uil lil m h  hudd ys g h amic ciss bg 

cmssd im; s i mi icus, visul dvics such s cuig, mig, cls-us, d mg  usd by h cmic is, d sigs c g m h lisic  h sic. Whv hy sh wih h h s, hwv, hy di i disic wys h  ulimly uiqu.   hig, cmics dd   blcd cmbii  wds d icus: h  ddig  h h  mximum c. Wh h  blc my b,  hw much x is  much, d whh   yu c hv cmics wih  wds whsv  qusis sill   db. Ws Prince Valiant, wih h iv d dilgu bh ch m, simly  illusd mdivl mc? Ws h wdlss Henry  lgiim cmic si? Wh bu

Cic   jt  cid. duc hi w vsi  his disic  m i wss. I cm  b clld h cmic si d wuld i millis  ds h wld v. alhugh w hv cgizd h culul d shic vlus  h cmic si, d is  h cmic bk, h im hs cm  ckwldg h hs   hml ms  im, lhugh id  ch  d dsigd  b hw wy. wy. rh hy   sigic   u hig  b chishd  hi duig isic d scil imc. Svl ublishs hv cly udsd his d  issuig hdsm, hdcv cml-cllcis cml-cllci s  such sis s Peanuts, Dennis the Menace , Dick Tracy, Terry and the Pirates , d Gasoline Alley . Cmic  hs much i cmm wih h ms  liy d visul xssi i h md wld. as i ci, h lms  iv, chcizi, chcizi, d sig  im, d s i y, ids mus b dvld wihi  vy sh dig im hugh symbl d suggsi. as i dm,  sy  icid mus b sgd b u ys wihi  bx-lik m d wih sh limiis  dilgu d

sigl ls lik The Far Side d Family Circus ? Svl ssil us disiguish cmics m h  ms.  xml, hy  i dily wss dlivd  hms  d h  vilbl  y hushld mmb  y g. nws dis h k cul   b su  csiucy is dd, smims diig  big  qusibl si, which usully licis  l  w  cmli  h di skig why h uis ’ uy ym. this kid  diig quly hd  h liiclly id Pogo d cius  h  Doonesbury . Cmics hv  b liiclly ssiiv, bu h bs hv ushd budis by ig vciv subjcs wih suci skill d humu. Dsi  ully hld i, cmics w v jus  child. ah disiguishig u is h cmics giv us  s  cuig chcs wih whm w bcm cquid v im. rds gi cumuliv miliiy wih h chcs’ sliis, which ssilly mi h sm hughu h liim  h si. as i much humu, sck  sy chcs  cmm, d mulic ii is

16

  hs chiqus h ms  mk us lugh (s i Chli Bw’s ul usuccssul usuccssul m  kick h bll hld by Lucy,  digm  xisilusi). Wds  usully sk i igul vls clld blls:  chiqu h dscds m ly illusd bdshs d liicl cs. Bcus  limid sc, dilgu is k   bslu miimum d h jk  sy is ld wih h ws wds ssibl –  csidbl chllg  h wi. Sic suds   ssibl, cmic iss s  h ic dvic  mi, d whil my diil wds such s ‘slm’, ‘bg’, ‘sck’,  ‘bum’ will sv, w wd cigs hv ls v cssy. thus cmics hv ichd amic eglish wih such cibuis s ‘ww’, ‘wh’, d ‘zwi’. Whil w c discuss cmics i such gl ms, i is ls cssy  bsv h hy  ichly divs i syl d c. Syls g m h u sy d sulism  Calvin and Hobbes d Krazy Kat,  h shi-l   Rex Morgan d Mary Worth,  h giy dils  lism i h

m ciy ss  Dick Tracy d Spider-Man. th c mbcs ll gs ud i ci, dm, d lm – dmsic cfic, siui cmdy, w, h ws, dvu, sig, cim d dci, h wlds  h child d g, h ssis, iml bls, si, liics, scic ci, sy, d h bsud. Jus wh w hik h c b hig w, smhig lik Pearls Beore Swine cms lg d mgiclly chllgs h xisig diis. th wy-s cuy is  im i which ms  h imi w d is cvyd  us visully, by wy  lvisi, lm, ipd,   cmu sc. Cmics h, d h l dvlm h ghic vl,  dmibly suid  vid l wih  culul xic h is bh milly d illcully sisyig. Wih cmics i hd, w will mi vblly d visully li, d hully  lil m chul d hum. rEadon…

M. thms Ig | rdlh-Mc Cllg assci edi: Studies in Comics , ISSn 20403232 17

Q&a

T ia at att ca t a at itac, cati ad taati. Teresa Torres de Eça , C-di, International  Dialogues about Visual Culture, Education and Art 

rEadon…

ts ts d eç | Iil Sciy  educi hugh a (ISea) C-di: International Dialogues about Visual Culture, Education and Art , ISBn 9781841501673 18

 .    1    1    0    2  ,       c       j          p   n       i          c   u    d    e   s           a   s          i       l      g   n               m       C  .       l   u       p          S    ©   :      g      m    I

19

Q&a

T ia at att ca t a at itac, cati ad taati. Teresa Torres de Eça , C-di, International  Dialogues about Visual Culture, Education and Art 

 .    1    1    0    2  ,       c       j          p   n       i          c   u    d    e   s           a   s          i       l      g   n               m       C  .       l   u       p          S

rEadon…

ts ts d eç | Iil Sciy  educi hugh a (ISea) C-di: International Dialogues about Visual Culture, Education and Art , ISBn 9781841501673

   ©   :      g      m    I

18

19

publish

publish with us Illc Illc is  idd cdmic ublish i h lds  civ cic d ul culu, ublishig schlly bks d juls h xmliy u missi s ublishs  igil hikig. W im  vid  vil sc  widig ciicl db i w d mgig subjcs, d i his wy w di m h ublishs by cmigig  h uh h h ducig  bk  jul  ll  g i h mk. Illc sks    ubisd lm  quliy ciicl db; w  cmmid  sig h uh’s vic uhiclly, wihu imsii  u sl ids  iis.  m imi visi us li: www.illcbks.cm 20 20

21

21

publish

publish with us Illc Illc is  idd cdmic ublish i h lds  civ cic d ul culu, ublishig schlly bks d juls h xmliy u missi s ublishs  igil hikig. W im  vid  vil sc  widig ciicl db i w d mgig subjcs, d i his wy w di m h ublishs by cmigig  h uh h h ducig  bk  jul  ll  g i h mk. Illc sks    ubisd lm  quliy ciicl db; w  cmmid  sig h uh’s vic uhiclly, wihu imsii  u sl ids  iis.  m imi visi us li: www.illcbks.cm 20 20

21

artiCle

why doEs art mattEr? Pat Francis , auh, Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line or a Write

WHen aSKeD tHIS qusi, h immdi ss is  s  lis  sws. I hik his…h h…d… Bu cully h imc  his qusi is h qusi isl. n h sws. th sws will chg hugh im, d  di idividuls, d vy wh  sd is  is,  bsv,  ciic,  udic c. My suds sudy  g   d dsig sub jcs, bu s  wi d ch I hv ud h h ky  simulig hi wiig is h skig  qusis. th ms  sws, h hughs, h liss, h scibblig d gums h su, s h li   fciv juy h, i isl, jusis h xisc  . I is  lwys bu wiig ‘his is his’, ‘h is h’ – sig smhig i s. I is bu h yig  udsd, h wiigs, h umiis, h hikig u lud, h wiig d  kwig wh h d  h sc is gig  b,  wh,  v i i is gig  b  ‘’ sc. ad h smhig ss  h,  dm wd cms  mid,  wis isl, d h is  isigh. I is bu h wiig hd qusiig h dwig hd: mhizig, chllgig d mmbig. mmbig. rly ds his sul i wld-wd wiig,  s-clss hud ssys, bu i is bu fciv mbligs h  much m xly d schig. thy   s i  mul,  syl   m. I is bu sig wh h li will g, sig wh i will k yu, wiig wihu  kw dsii. ths mbl-sm iis my wll b md l i  ublishbl c,  lucid viw, h gms   bk,   icl, h sds   sm  ci, bu hs wd skchs   h h  wh  is:  ms bcus i is bu xlig big liv. th subil  my bk is ‘tkig  Li   Wi’ d i h wdly  h l wd (wi/ igh/i) d i h c  pul Kl’s xhi  iss, I s u my ich   bk  wiig imd   d dsig suds, wi  isi hm i, d hugh, wiig. thy hv cm  cllg  uivsiy  sudy d dvl  d dsig skills bu quly hy hv  hugh bu h wiig hy’ll hv  d. essys, dissis, sms, s, juls… Hid, my suds giv u: hs h i, d ms wy. o wi m h c hl is h fciv 22

 jul. K gully, ughly d lgsid h  d dsig wk, i is  lc  hughs,  ids,  ms  iculi,  cis  sch,  mmis d ssciis. I is civ i isl d  jus  ch. o ssssd i h jc  ui, i ds  b  cl  , d cibu , h process  h jc. Givig  viy  cicl mhds, u sks, xmls, d usig cs  civ wiig chiqus, h bk is  vcm bis  wiig. eximig wih wiig i di vics, lkig  yusl, qusiig d swig, iviwig iviwig yusl, dwig h juy   jc b ddig wds, cig  sh   wi ic ( lilly bu ccully), hs  sm  h visul wys  mkig wiig l  h wk. ad wiig bu wkig d ids, hughs d ligs hls us  discv why  ms. Wiig fcs d ushs us byd h suc, bhid h mi img, d cugs us  cm  u ids d uslvs m di dicis, m h is  viw. My iss hv mgd  lucid, hugh wiig, uh hughs  sulm, cmlm, d dd  iis  hi visul wk. Sm w,  , g chs; hs qui iv idividuls wh usd hi juls  qusi h ukw,  chllg hmslvs d giv hmslvs  ss  dig smhig, wh hs h wk sms dicilss. Jh Bg, pul Kl, Vic V Ggh, Js Hm, id Khl, tcy emi, d my hs, hv usd wds  xli why  ms, why hy wi, why hy c d why hy sk why. all sk   juy: h sws   s i blck d whi, cmd i, blckd i, immubl. thy my wi, s I d, ‘I dy wh c I climd; I w udsd wh c ws icmhsibl; I ccd wh c I ddd; I s wh c I culd  l; I cdic mysl…’ ad i wiig h, I liz h h is wh  ds: w chg, w g, w gw, w shik, bu w lwys mv. W -viw, fc, -fx. a is   u juy.

At att ca it i at i i ai.

rEadon…

p cis | Uivsiy  h Civ as auh: Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line or a Write, ISBn 9781841502564 23

21

artiCle

why doEs art mattEr? Pat Francis , auh, Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line or a Write

WHen aSKeD tHIS qusi, h immdi ss is  s  lis  sws. I hik his…h h…d… Bu cully h imc  his qusi is h qusi isl. n h sws. th sws will chg hugh im, d  di idividuls, d vy wh  sd is  is,  bsv,  ciic,  udic c. My suds sudy  g   d dsig sub jcs, bu s  wi d ch I hv ud h h ky  simulig hi wiig is h skig  qusis. th ms  sws, h hughs, h liss, h scibblig d gums h su, s h li   fciv juy h, i isl, jusis h xisc  . I is  lwys bu wiig ‘his is his’, ‘h is h’ – sig smhig i s. I is bu h yig  udsd, h wiigs, h umiis, h hikig u lud, h wiig d  kwig wh h d  h sc is gig  b,  wh,  v i i is gig  b  ‘’ sc. ad h smhig ss  h,  dm wd cms  mid,  wis isl, d h is  isigh. I is bu h wiig hd qusiig h dwig hd: mhizig, chllgig d mmbig. mmbig. rly ds his sul i wld-wd wiig,  s-clss hud ssys, bu i is bu fciv mbligs h  much m xly d schig. thy   s i  mul,  syl   m. I is bu sig wh h li will g, sig wh i will k yu, wiig wihu  kw dsii. ths mbl-sm iis my wll b md l i  ublishbl c,  lucid viw, h gms   bk,   icl, h sds   sm  ci, bu hs wd skchs   h h  wh  is:  ms bcus i is bu xlig big liv. th subil  my bk is ‘tkig  Li   Wi’ d i h wdly  h l wd (wi/ igh/i) d i h c  pul Kl’s xhi  iss, I s u my ich   bk  wiig imd   d dsig suds, wi  isi hm i, d hugh, wiig. thy hv cm  cllg  uivsiy  sudy d dvl  d dsig skills bu quly hy hv  hugh bu h wiig hy’ll hv  d. essys, dissis, sms, s, juls… Hid, my suds giv u: hs h i, d ms wy. o wi m h c hl is h fciv

 jul. K gully, ughly d lgsid h  d dsig wk, i is  lc  hughs,  ids,  ms  iculi,  cis  sch,  mmis d ssciis. I is civ i isl d  jus  ch. o ssssd i h jc  ui, i ds  b  cl  , d cibu , h process  h jc. Givig  viy  cicl mhds, u sks, xmls, d usig cs  civ wiig chiqus, h bk is  vcm bis  wiig. eximig wih wiig i di vics, lkig  yusl, qusiig d swig, iviwig iviwig yusl, dwig h juy   jc b ddig wds, cig  sh   wi ic ( lilly bu ccully), hs  sm  h visul wys  mkig wiig l  h wk. ad wiig bu wkig d ids, hughs d ligs hls us  discv why  ms. Wiig fcs d ushs us byd h suc, bhid h mi img, d cugs us  cm  u ids d uslvs m di dicis, m h is  viw. My iss hv mgd  lucid, hugh wiig, uh hughs  sulm, cmlm, d dd  iis  hi visul wk. Sm w,  , g chs; hs qui iv idividuls wh usd hi juls  qusi h ukw,  chllg hmslvs d giv hmslvs  ss  dig smhig, wh hs h wk sms dicilss. Jh Bg, pul Kl, Vic V Ggh, Js Hm, id Khl, tcy emi, d my hs, hv usd wds  xli why  ms, why hy wi, why hy c d why hy sk why. all sk   juy: h sws   s i blck d whi, cmd i, blckd i, immubl. thy my wi, s I d, ‘I dy wh c I climd; I w udsd wh c ws icmhsibl; I ccd wh c I ddd; I s wh c I culd  l; I cdic mysl…’ ad i wiig h, I liz h h is wh  ds: w chg, w g, w gw, w shik, bu w lwys mv. W -viw, fc, -fx. a is   u juy.

At att ca it i at i i ai.

rEadon…

p cis | Uivsiy  h Civ as auh: Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line or a Write, ISBn 9781841502564

22

23

artiCle

visual art somE fundamEntal issuEs Harry Jamieson , auh, Visual Communication: More than Meets th e Eye

m h viw’s sciv sciv i clls u  sc  sch css  visul img. I ms  imi hy, i mus   sch  imi. Such  sch my b guidd by vius xics  xcis. Hw his sch is cid u lis   udml c: h wss  dic. I is h h visul cuiy ks c sg, h is  sy wss  h ‘dic h mks  dic’,  h budis h llw  mig. I is h h w c s h uldig  shic cii, d, s such, h cssiy  h kid  lig h cugs such wss. wss. this lds  h sii h dic c b s s  g  imi; u bluly, wihu dic h is l uiy. Dic Dic quis  ls w lms, d i is i h sc bw hs lms h imi iss. I is i his sc, i his vid, h h mid lls h g, uig gh h which is s. this css c b dscibd s ‘i-mig’.

sl m. Wh dic  similiy is ih civd  iuid, h is  gi  imi   shic kid. agi w cm bck  h ‘y  h bhld’ –  cliché bu h w hv giv i g sigicc. th cmms bv cus  ci: h ci  dic d similiy isig m  wss  lms giv  visi, d hi lc s sucs  imi. Bu w c d  glc h lc  cci i u ssssm  imi. a icully gd xml c b ud i h us  imgy i , which, s ic, is idd  vk  icul ss m h viw. H is l is h  mh, i which cs h is  bs . Whil h img is h b h y, h viw is clld u  duc, m mmy,  id  img h bs sm sscii,  icul mig. th is  dic bw h bsvbl img d h ml img:  ccul lishi is ud d his li-

At i  aid t a’ ata tat a a at   iati. aS a non-VerBaL suc  imi, h visul s – disic m h vbl d liy s – cy hi il mily hugh cul ms, wihu s  diciis d mlizd gmm. gmm. Bh h viw d h is-s-c  ggd i mkig ‘ss’  visul imgs,  higs bsvd h d  cy clly dd wys  ii. Whs h is-s-c hs h ml d hysicl sk  gig h s h mk u  whl, .g.  iig, which bcms  ig  h sciv viw(s), viw(s), h viw hs h sk  civig h lishis bw h s h mk u h whl.  him,  h, i is  css  mid, d hus i is  illcul civiy. Dsi h lck   mlizd gmm, such s h which udis vbl lgug, s viws w  csly clld u  css imi   -vbl kid. as si bigs, u cci wih higs usid u bdis is imily cul. Glly skig, i is  cd  culul cds  ii. alhugh i mus b dmid h culul ifucs b u ci i my wys, .g. cusig d iig. iig. as  si, s  ig  h visul ss,  c b s  ssss h ssibiliy  cyig imi  h di lvls. isly, h shic, h m h b h y; scdly, s  ic, h biliy  sd s  mh d hby  mig i h vbl gis; d hidly, s si, bigig  mid, by viu  lik24

ss,  ml icu  lc, hig  s. this uiquss, uiquss, which is  giv  h vbl, c b udsd s  ssil cibui  h lc  ,  ly s  mil misi bu ls s  chllg  h viw’s ws  ci d cci. S i his ligh,  ms bcus i c cll i ly  wid sc  si d ii h h which is giv by h vbl. S i ms  imi, hs hld scs  visul  dms h ggm wih  cic d viwig s  ich bs  h ggm  mid. I is his ggm, s giv  ci, d h  cci, h w d  xl i m dil. m his kid  ch w bcm w  h limiis  judgig  mly  h bsis  is civ il, which, by h wy, lis  h c h i is lss csid by uls h h vbl (which hs  sblishd gmm). d m highly sicd cvis, cvis, (lhugh i mus b dmid h  s cic is  ily  m cvil ms  si)  s  -vbl m  si lds isl m dily  idividul ivi. ivi. th wk  V Ggh d Cz  gd xmls  his siy. siy. th i h is h  s  m  visul si c b m idividulisic, lss csid by uls d gulis h h vbl, d hus m llid  m’s ul s s  gh  ssy imi. a ms bcus i is s  s  ‘x’ bu s  xsi  u si d midul big.

th mu  imi gid, d h w will us h m ‘imi’ i h civ ss s h ducd hugh  wss  dic, is sub jc  his cssiy. Wihu his wss, wihu his biliy  disiguish  hig m h,  clu,   m h x, h is lil imi  b ud, d hus lil  gg h bsv s viw. this id  dic s  imil suc lcs ddd mhsis  h civ l  h is s  c  imi, s  s wh s  ll civs  cs dsigs m which dic c b xcd m h ily  h s h mk u h whl. th wk  Bs (1980) vids  usul c  hs wh wish  xl m ully h i  dic. His hizig  dic s  imil suc is sigic,  ly   hy  mid bu ls  h imlicis i hlds  u cc wih .  h us  his icl i culd b xdd  iclud c  similiy,  h i  dgs  dic. th im i is h whh w sk bu dic  similiy bh qui h xisc   ls w iis, d h h dic bw hm ds  ih i h which is bsvd, ly i h mid  h viw. By juxsig lms  vius kids –  xml, clus, s, c. – i ci lishis, h is ss uiis  h viw  xc dics  similiis   icul kid. th wk isl, w migh sy, bcms  clys  gizig/imig h mid  h viw, d h mu  imi i cis bcms  -

shi bcms h mig  h icul viw. viw. Hwv,  hs ccsis wh  lishi is sblishd, h ic, s visul img, ils  sv h us  which i is idd. agi w my ic h imcy  h cc  lishis i u quiy i imi. I h cs  ci h cus is u bsvd lishis, which xli h dic bw iis. Dic, s ldy sd, is  subsc, bu  md   hsi. I is highd by visul cuiy, by  scig css h sizs  h hsi  hs subl dics h vd h ixicd. I h cs  icic imgs h lishi bcms   dig dic   di d, s i mh; i bcms  usi  dic,  ccivig similiy i h dic. agi, i is  subsc bu  id bsd u c. I ih cs, cul  ccul, lishis hv  b ud, , i h cs  h is s cii,  b cd. rEfErEncEs

Bs, G. (1980), Mind and Nature, Ld: . rEadon…

Hy Jmis | Uivsiy  Livl auh: Visual Communication: More than Meets the Eye, ISBn 9781841501413 Cibu: Journal o Visual Art Practice , ISSn 14702029

25

artiCle

m h viw’s sciv sciv i clls u  sc  sch css  visul img. I ms  imi hy, i mus   sch  imi. Such  sch my b guidd by vius xics  xcis. Hw his sch is cid u lis   udml c: h wss  dic. I is h h visul cuiy ks c sg, h is  sy wss  h ‘dic h mks  dic’,  h budis h llw  mig. I is h h w c s h uldig  shic cii, d, s such, h cssiy  h kid  lig h cugs such wss. wss. this lds  h sii h dic c b s s  g  imi; u bluly, wihu dic h is l uiy. Dic Dic quis  ls w lms, d i is i h sc bw hs lms h imi iss. I is i his sc, i his vid, h h mid lls h g, uig gh h which is s. this css c b dscibd s ‘i-mig’.

visual art somE fundamEntal issuEs Harry Jamieson , auh, Visual Communication: More than Meets th e Eye

sl m. Wh dic  similiy is ih civd  iuid, h is  gi  imi   shic kid. agi w cm bck  h ‘y  h bhld’ –  cliché bu h w hv giv i g sigicc. th cmms bv cus  ci: h ci  dic d similiy isig m  wss  lms giv  visi, d hi lc s sucs  imi. Bu w c d  glc h lc  cci i u ssssm  imi. a icully gd xml c b ud i h us  imgy i , which, s ic, is idd  vk  icul ss m h viw. H is l is h  mh, i which cs h is  bs . Whil h img is h b h y, h viw is clld u  duc, m mmy,  id  img h bs sm sscii,  icul mig. th is  dic bw h bsvbl img d h ml img:  ccul lishi is ud d his li-

At i  aid t a’ ata tat a a at   iati. aS a non-VerBaL suc  imi, h visul s – disic m h vbl d liy s – cy hi il mily hugh cul ms, wihu s  diciis d mlizd gmm. gmm. Bh h viw d h is-s-c  ggd i mkig ‘ss’  visul imgs,  higs bsvd h d  cy clly dd wys  ii. Whs h is-s-c hs h ml d hysicl sk  gig h s h mk u  whl, .g.  iig, which bcms  ig  h sciv viw(s), viw(s), h viw hs h sk  civig h lishis bw h s h mk u h whl.  him,  h, i is  css  mid, d hus i is  illcul civiy. Dsi h lck   mlizd gmm, such s h which udis vbl lgug, s viws w  csly clld u  css imi   -vbl kid. as si bigs, u cci wih higs usid u bdis is imily cul. Glly skig, i is  cd  culul cds  ii. alhugh i mus b dmid h culul ifucs b u ci i my wys, .g. cusig d iig. iig. as  si, s  ig  h visul ss,  c b s  ssss h ssibiliy  cyig imi  h di lvls. isly, h shic, h m h b h y; scdly, s  ic, h biliy  sd s  mh d hby  mig i h vbl gis; d hidly, s si, bigig  mid, by viu  lik-

th mu  imi gid, d h w will us h m ‘imi’ i h civ ss s h ducd hugh  wss  dic, is sub jc  his cssiy. Wihu his wss, wihu his biliy  disiguish  hig m h,  clu,   m h x, h is lil imi  b ud, d hus lil  gg h bsv s viw. this id  dic s  imil suc lcs ddd mhsis  h civ l  h is s  c  imi, s  s wh s  ll civs  cs dsigs m which dic c b xcd m h ily  h s h mk u h whl. th wk  Bs (1980) vids  usul c  hs wh wish  xl m ully h i  dic. His hizig  dic s  imil suc is sigic,  ly   hy  mid bu ls  h imlicis i hlds  u cc wih .  h us  his icl i culd b xdd  iclud c  similiy,  h i  dgs  dic. th im i is h whh w sk bu dic  similiy bh qui h xisc   ls w iis, d h h dic bw hm ds  ih i h which is bsvd, ly i h mid  h viw. By juxsig lms  vius kids –  xml, clus, s, c. – i ci lishis, h is ss uiis  h viw  xc dics  similiis   icul kid. th wk isl, w migh sy, bcms  clys  gizig/imig h mid  h viw, d h mu  imi i cis bcms  -

ss,  ml icu  lc, hig  s. this uiquss, uiquss, which is  giv  h vbl, c b udsd s  ssil cibui  h lc  ,  ly s  mil misi bu ls s  chllg  h viw’s ws  ci d cci. S i his ligh,  ms bcus i c cll i ly  wid sc  si d ii h h which is giv by h vbl. S i ms  imi, hs hld scs  visul  dms h ggm wih  cic d viwig s  ich bs  h ggm  mid. I is his ggm, s giv  ci, d h  cci, h w d  xl i m dil. m his kid  ch w bcm w  h limiis  judgig  mly  h bsis  is civ il, which, by h wy, lis  h c h i is lss csid by uls h h vbl (which hs  sblishd gmm). d m highly sicd cvis, cvis, (lhugh i mus b dmid h  s cic is  ily  m cvil ms  si)  s  -vbl m  si lds isl m dily  idividul ivi. ivi. th wk  V Ggh d Cz  gd xmls  his siy. siy. th i h is h  s  m  visul si c b m idividulisic, lss csid by uls d gulis h h vbl, d hus m llid  m’s ul s s  gh  ssy imi. a ms bcus i is s  s  ‘x’ bu s  xsi  u si d midul big.

shi bcms h mig  h icul viw. viw. Hwv,  hs ccsis wh  lishi is sblishd, h ic, s visul img, ils  sv h us  which i is idd. agi w my ic h imcy  h cc  lishis i u quiy i imi. I h cs  ci h cus is u bsvd lishis, which xli h dic bw iis. Dic, s ldy sd, is  subsc, bu  md   hsi. I is highd by visul cuiy, by  scig css h sizs  h hsi  hs subl dics h vd h ixicd. I h cs  icic imgs h lishi bcms   dig dic   di d, s i mh; i bcms  usi  dic,  ccivig similiy i h dic. agi, i is  subsc bu  id bsd u c. I ih cs, cul  ccul, lishis hv  b ud, , i h cs  h is s cii,  b cd. rEfErEncEs

Bs, G. (1980), Mind and Nature, Ld: . rEadon…

Hy Jmis | Uivsiy  Livl auh: Visual Communication: More than Meets the Eye, ISBn 9781841501413 Cibu: Journal o Visual Art Practice , ISSn 14702029

24

25

Q&a

artiCle

thE EncountEr Vince Dziekan , auh, Virtuality and the Art o Exhibition

At att  t i ti tat i t ati . Jac Saorsa , auh, Narrating the Catastrophe

why doEs art mattEr?

In tHe StrUGGLe h ivibly chcizs civiy, wh my smims sm  uslss dvu is, i c, h ly hig h ms. Bcus I m  is,  ms, bu  ms m hugh big vyhig h is  yhig ls. a is h bgiig d d  hum xssi: i is  udml misi  h sul,  sy ld, vy’s sy. thugh  bdy dis. a is  i chiqu,  i buy,  i u, bcus h u   isl sids d i shdws  h sych, wh il hugh ils  shi. a is i ssi d mi, i i d suig s much s i jy d lugh, i shck d disgus s much s i scuiy d lv. a is i h hysicliy  ci d h ssuliy  ii. I vids liv cis d bcms h ‘oh’ i lis bw liy d imgii. a is h ihsis  h cicliy by which i is bugh i big. I ms bcus i bids m  mid d s u idividul suls  chc  bd. rEadon…

Jc Ss | ts Isiu auh: Narrating the Catastrophe , ISBn 9781841504605 26

 .    1    1    0

 .   s      v   n      c   n       l    i     ,

   d   e    k   r   o   w   e    R  .      s             S   c       J    ©   :      g      m    I

   2  ,    a    M    o    M    f    S  ,

  s   w   o    d   a    h    S   –   a   n   a    t   n   o    F  .   n       k       i   z    D      c   n    i    V    ©   :      g      m    I

Upon a roUnD wd y,  id gm  w smll cus  c, cmlmd by   svic md u  cu,  d smll vssls ciig wmd milk d  chislld mud  w sug d by  ly-blcd s. W mg  gi h xsiv, glss-lid sc  h cé wihu icid, ivig   smll bl wih  sc cig  h  sculu gd. essss  e. d I: Djlig  my wi, K. ou mig, dy, hd b cdid v  ighig sil  cmmuiqués. Iiil is, lik ‘I will b i S cisc i mid-Ju s i wuld b g i w culd g gh’ bcmig gssivly m -gid d scic: ‘I’ll -mil yu wh w  i w’; ‘S, i yu   mw …’; ‘oK. SMoMa. tXt  ivl’; ‘aivd. Wiig i y by h mmbs dsk’. W sl, sig i h viw h s cimiclly b us. I’s  lguid ly summ  d s h sculu gd is uiusly my  h mm. W  dd  hwis uiud cmsii  h ciy skyli bv h gd’s lid budy: ucuis  g mgig m  bckd  dmily gy sucs, bds d gud. I h  gud, ssig u gis h imgiy icu l,  gul gu – alxd Cld’s Big Crinkly (1969) – uivly vsds  us

s w bgi  si h bvgs bw xchgs  wd d gsu. e. bgis cuig  sy bu h ccsi h wh h hd gd  m wih  visiig Gm  ciic. His syllig gly ims h miss usid big shd bw h  d gd: m h vg    h wd bchs, e. d his gus discdly lk  s  gu  schl child lucly cgg ud Cld’s  stabile . a dc ms  ld  discussi bv h hush  ly-illy sifd cvsis d h ub ich h ss u m s lvl i h hwis isi scuy  h  clsu. a vlly  qusis, ls d cugms su. Ci suds k h iiiiv  sdig, icly  s,  h sliciis  h guid, wh svs i chllgig hm  ig h quliis  h bsc wk. Slwly, sws m wih gwig vlum d cdc m h gu ciclig h sculu. I visuliz his udibl sm  dscis s  ‘g clud’  kywds isig m h huddl. th h l sucs h hg  h blcig d, isd  h x  h sculu, m imvisd sch bubbls  blck, blu d gy i which wds lik ‘ml’, ‘blck’ d ‘hd-dgd’  md. I imgi h is d ciic cvsig   cls mv, cmmig bw hmslvs  h 27

Q&a

artiCle

thE EncountEr Vince Dziekan , auh, Virtuality and the Art o Exhibition

At att  t i ti tat i t ati . Jac Saorsa , auh, Narrating the Catastrophe

why doEs art mattEr?

In tHe StrUGGLe h ivibly chcizs civiy, wh my smims sm  uslss dvu is, i c, h ly hig h ms. Bcus I m  is,  ms, bu  ms m hugh big vyhig h is  yhig ls. a is h bgiig d d  hum xssi: i is  udml misi  h sul,  sy ld, vy’s sy. thugh  bdy dis. a is  i chiqu,  i buy,  i u, bcus h u   isl sids d i shdws  h sych, wh il hugh ils  shi. a is i ssi d mi, i i d suig s much s i jy d lugh, i shck d disgus s much s i scuiy d lv. a is i h hysicliy  ci d h ssuliy  ii. I vids liv cis d bcms h ‘oh’ i lis bw liy d imgii. a is h ihsis  h cicliy by which i is bugh i big. I ms bcus i bids m  mid d s u idividul suls  chc  bd.

Upon a roUnD wd y,  id gm  w smll cus  c, cmlmd by   svic md u  cu,  d smll vssls ciig wmd milk d  chislld mud  w sug d by  ly-blcd s. W mg  gi h xsiv, glss-lid sc  h cé wihu icid, ivig   smll bl wih  sc cig  h  sculu gd. essss  e. d I: Djlig  my wi, K. ou mig, dy, hd b cdid v  ighig sil  cmmuiqués. Iiil is, lik ‘I will b i S cisc i mid-Ju s i wuld b g i w culd g gh’ bcmig gssivly m -gid d scic: ‘I’ll -mil yu wh w  i w’; ‘S, i yu   mw …’; ‘oK. SMoMa. tXt  ivl’; ‘aivd. Wiig i y by h mmbs dsk’. W sl, sig i h viw h s cimiclly b us. I’s  lguid ly summ  d s h sculu gd is uiusly my  h mm. W  dd  hwis uiud cmsii  h ciy skyli bv h gd’s lid budy: ucuis  g mgig m  bckd  dmily gy sucs, bds d gud. I h  gud, ssig u gis h imgiy icu l,  gul gu – alxd Cld’s Big Crinkly (1969) – uivly vsds  us

 .    1    1    0

 .   s      v   n      c   n       l    i     ,

   d   e    k   r   o   w   e    R  .      s             S   c       J    ©   :      g      m    I

rEadon…

Jc Ss | ts Isiu auh: Narrating the Catastrophe , ISBn 9781841504605

   2  ,    a    M    o    M    f    S  ,

  s   w   o    d   a    h    S   –   a   n   a    t   n   o    F  .   n       k       i   z    D      c   n    i    V    ©   :      g      m    I

s w bgi  si h bvgs bw xchgs  wd d gsu. e. bgis cuig  sy bu h ccsi h wh h hd gd  m wih  visiig Gm  ciic. His syllig gly ims h miss usid big shd bw h  d gd: m h vg    h wd bchs, e. d his gus discdly lk  s  gu  schl child lucly cgg ud Cld’s  stabile . a dc ms  ld  discussi bv h hush  ly-illy sifd cvsis d h ub ich h ss u m s lvl i h hwis isi scuy  h  clsu. a vlly  qusis, ls d cugms su. Ci suds k h iiiiv  sdig, icly  s,  h sliciis  h guid, wh svs i chllgig hm  ig h quliis  h bsc wk. Slwly, sws m wih gwig vlum d cdc m h gu ciclig h sculu. I visuliz his udibl sm  dscis s  ‘g clud’  kywds isig m h huddl. th h l sucs h hg  h blcig d, isd  h x  h sculu, m imvisd sch bubbls  blck, blu d gy i which wds lik ‘ml’, ‘blck’ d ‘hd-dgd’  md. I imgi h is d ciic cvsig   cls mv, cmmig bw hmslvs  h

26

27

Q&a

dymics  ly i h sc siig b hm; h sk eglish hy xchg clud by hi sciv c d Gmic ccs. th lss’s dggy ulds. th sculu cius  sd slu i h c  such scuiy s ijcis u hi cus  dscibig h shs  is vius vids, giv scs d h shdws h il m h wi sus  is mly ld lgs d uulig hlqui il. Cvsis u, s hy d. W ish u diks d dcid  xl h musum. W immdily gvi  h u, dw  h ul ligh h iuss h ii scs  h musum. W wlk bck d h css h h-f uss bidg  gis u sc h  Bill ’s Sonic Shadows. I l  e. hw h chic Dil Libskid mlyd simil mils  h viwig lm i his dsig  h Imil W Musum nh i Mchs. (I mk  ml : I wd i whil dsigig his ddii  h Cmy Jwish Musum, lcd jus  w blcks wy  h h sid  h Yb Bu gds, Libskid ws ifucd by his icul chicul u ud i Mi B’s buildig?) th sucs  scillig ls iggd by   h bcs  h wlkwy cch h l- ligh ig hugh h culus skyligh, d, i s dig, s hmslvs  m h vsiv whi ymiy  hi suuds. nx, w mv   h gllis shwig wks by Blgi vid is, Dvid Clbu. th, e. d I discuss chiqus usd  chiv h xsiv mliy   ic such s White House (2005) d hs  cmis such s Jh Gd d Vic Bugi; K. xsss h c  h buy d glss  The American Room (2009–2010). e. hs  cch his y bck css h by. W muully xchg sluis  mi i uch  h c  The Steins Collect  xhibii. K. d I ciu , diligly llwig h h ldig us hugh succssiv gllis shwig ssd wks by h liks  Cz, ri, picss d Miss. Bu v s, my cuisiy is dw ixbly wds h chivl mils h  cully gd i ssd shllw viis. Iim sshs vlig miiu sl iis; hi ms lld  vfwig wih h bhmi ccumuli  ly-wih cuy pisi siig ms d lis, wlls ild high wih  y  iigs. I ci css, iigs d bjcs h c b disiguishd wihi hs icus sc hi blck d whi cs d miliz i h glly wih  sl-ssuc h sss hi duig lgcy mgs  wid wld  higs. L ,  uig  u hl, I   -mil i which h llwig qusi is mbddd: ‘Ds  m?’ Ys, I imgi i ds. ExcErptfrom:

‘th Wld Is evyhig th Is th Cs’ (ISea 2011, Isbul) rEadon…

Vic Dzik | Msh Uivsiy auh: Virtuality and the Art o Exhibition, ISBn 9781841504766 28

At i a idi c  ciiizati, ad a idi c  at i t ia.

why doEs art mattEr?

 .    6    0    0    2  ,   w             s       J    ©   :      g      m    I

art IS a buildig blck  civilizi, d  buildig blck   is h img. th img ks m i  budc  di wys wih h sl us  cmmuicig. Imgs lik h Chuv Cv iig i pis cmmuic hum li v 300 dcds g. Imgs lik Luks,  aic mmy bd, ss  culul diis m gi  gi. o  h ms susibl susibl d sili imgs i hisy – h lhb – bld hums  sl sl sch i visul m d cmmuic css gghic bds d cul us. Wh h img  h wi wd is ubl  m h illcul wll  illicy, w s  usig h ys  imgs, such s hghs d illusis. Hwv, v hs imgs c sul i cmmuici blms, icully wh h culu fcd i hi dsig ds  mch h culu  h us.  isc, duig kwldg-cquisii i scic, chlgy, giig, d mhmics (SteM), ud-sd yuh m ml imgs  hi w culul idiy i li  wh hy  lig. th dds  hm cmmuicig cmmuicig civly dcs wh h is  lck  culul sc bw hi sl-img d SteM imgs; d h c  cmmuiciv icivss c b cshic  hm d  sciy. thus, Dsig Yu uu,  mhs  wksh, chs yuh mhmics usig imgs lik h nk cly sculu d gi. Imgs c chg h wld  h b wh hy yild cmmuiciv civss, bu culul sc is ly  cii  such civss. Read on…

audy G. B | rssl plychic Isiu auh: Engendering Interaction with Images, ISBn 9781841504810

29

Q&a

dymics  ly i h sc siig b hm; h sk eglish hy xchg clud by hi sciv c d Gmic ccs. th lss’s dggy ulds. th sculu cius  sd slu i h c  such scuiy s ijcis u hi cus  dscibig h shs  is vius vids, giv scs d h shdws h il m h wi sus  is mly ld lgs d uulig hlqui il. Cvsis u, s hy d. W ish u diks d dcid  xl h musum. W immdily gvi  h u, dw  h ul ligh h iuss h ii scs  h musum. W wlk bck d h css h h-f uss bidg  gis u sc h  Bill ’s Sonic Shadows. I l  e. hw h chic Dil Libskid mlyd simil mils  h viwig lm i his dsig  h Imil W Musum nh i Mchs. (I mk  ml : I wd i whil dsigig his ddii  h Cmy Jwish Musum, lcd jus  w blcks wy  h h sid  h Yb Bu gds, Libskid ws ifucd by his icul chicul u ud i Mi B’s buildig?) th sucs  scillig ls iggd by   h bcs  h wlkwy cch h l- ligh ig hugh h culus skyligh, d, i s dig, s hmslvs  m h vsiv whi ymiy  hi suuds. nx, w mv   h gllis shwig wks by Blgi vid is, Dvid Clbu. th, e. d I discuss chiqus usd  chiv h xsiv mliy   ic such s White House (2005) d hs  cmis such s Jh Gd d Vic Bugi; K. xsss h c  h buy d glss  The American Room (2009–2010). e. hs  cch his y bck css h by. W muully xchg sluis  mi i uch  h c  The Steins Collect  xhibii. K. d I ciu , diligly llwig h h ldig us hugh succssiv gllis shwig ssd wks by h liks  Cz, ri, picss d Miss. Bu v s, my cuisiy is dw ixbly wds h chivl mils h  cully gd i ssd shllw viis. Iim sshs vlig miiu sl iis; hi ms lld  vfwig wih h bhmi ccumuli  ly-wih cuy pisi siig ms d lis, wlls ild high wih  y  iigs. I ci css, iigs d bjcs h c b disiguishd wihi hs icus sc hi blck d whi cs d miliz i h glly wih  sl-ssuc h sss hi duig lgcy mgs  wid wld  higs. L ,  uig  u hl, I   -mil i which h llwig qusi is mbddd: ‘Ds  m?’ Ys, I imgi i ds. ExcErptfrom:

‘th Wld Is evyhig th Is th Cs’ (ISea 2011, Isbul) rEadon…

Vic Dzik | Msh Uivsiy auh: Virtuality and the Art o Exhibition, ISBn 9781841504766

At i a idi c  ciiizati, ad a idi c  at i t ia.

why doEs art mattEr?

 .    6    0    0    2  ,   w             s       J    ©   :      g      m    I

art IS a buildig blck  civilizi, d  buildig blck   is h img. th img ks m i  budc  di wys wih h sl us  cmmuicig. Imgs lik h Chuv Cv iig i pis cmmuic hum li v 300 dcds g. Imgs lik Luks,  aic mmy bd, ss  culul diis m gi  gi. o  h ms susibl susibl d sili imgs i hisy – h lhb – bld hums  sl sl sch i visul m d cmmuic css gghic bds d cul us. Wh h img  h wi wd is ubl  m h illcul wll  illicy, w s  usig h ys  imgs, such s hghs d illusis. Hwv, v hs imgs c sul i cmmuici blms, icully wh h culu fcd i hi dsig ds  mch h culu  h us.  isc, duig kwldg-cquisii i scic, chlgy, giig, d mhmics (SteM), ud-sd yuh m ml imgs  hi w culul idiy i li  wh hy  lig. th dds  hm cmmuicig cmmuicig civly dcs wh h is  lck  culul sc bw hi sl-img d SteM imgs; d h c  cmmuiciv icivss c b cshic  hm d  sciy. thus, Dsig Yu uu,  mhs  wksh, chs yuh mhmics usig imgs lik h nk cly sculu d gi. Imgs c chg h wld  h b wh hy yild cmmuiciv civss, bu culul sc is ly  cii  such civss. Read on…

audy G. B | rssl plychic Isiu auh: Engendering Interaction with Images, ISBn 9781841504810

28

29

artiCle

crEativity in thE strEEts G. James Daichendt , auh,  Artist-Teacher: A Philosophy or Creating and Teaching d Artist Scholar: Reections on Writing and Research

Street art IS  xciig d lv xml  civiy h hs d u i ciis ud h wld. Islld i cx-scic lcis h fc  bd culul higs, i is  dubbd h   h l. th c  isllig his gd  m my b cvsil, d y h cmmy h sus m  succssul lcm uchs u  sc  h  xic h shuld b clbd. I is ls   wh mks  s im d vil  ggig wih u suudigs. a is  culul duc, ivd d xicd by hums i  icul im d sc. I c sv my gls d uss bu is subjc  dii v im. this is  cssy susii i d  udsd h hisy, hilshy, ciicism d duci  . Hwv, h imc  s

‘ivsis’ i ciis (wh sm hv b islld i high umbs) hs ‘Ivds’ ciiqu h lg ills   sud visul mklc. Udsdig h sl d scil imc   quis sm fci  h civiy h mks i ssibl. Dwy (1938) cud h ssc  h -mkig css wih h ccs  imuls, dsi, d us. ths h ids  hlul wh visulizig h umb  dcisis h  is mks v im. essilly wh  imuls is usd, dsi is csciusly slcd m  liby  imulss; d wh  ci dsi is slcd wih  mhd d dici h  us is gd. this us c h k h m   ishd ic  . th civ css is md u  my smll dcisis, bu us is im  udsdig

In DeTermInIng why ArT mATTers, be sure To look CArefully CArefull y ArounD Ar ounD you.  d is sigicc i h wy-s cuy c b b udsd wh w xmi i s  civ duc. ady Whl hld d wh w csid  wh h ulizd McLuh’s (1967) sm: ‘a is yhig yu c g wy wih’. Whh i’s busiss, cmmcilism, cmmcilism,  jus  id,  is s much m h  shic gm  clu d li; s , i icul, is  y  hum cmmuici, wih ch h d wih u vim. S iss lik Sc Ivd ciully xd u Whl’s id wih  uusul l: ils gd  m  msic i h sh   vig vid gm chc. thugh hi lcm d 30

h lvc  . th l  duc is symblic  h my dcisis d xics h w i is ci. S  d is lcm is  ci  h md ui h dvld ud h wld duig h s cuy. th ciy wlls d ub vims csucd i h wih cuy s much  h gss misd by s  mdism. th Iil Syl  chicu, chicu, mily ifucd by h Buhus chs d suds, dmiclly ld h wy w s  ublic ic wih ublic sc (Dichd 2010). nw mils d dvcms i csuci llwd livig scs  b buil much m chly d i  m gmic shi;

h us  glss d h bx-lik dsig vud by chics sugh  k dvg  sc d c  livig ui. this ifuc is hvily s i h ub vims vims  h Uid Ss, wh dciv xis w mvd d sciy ws l wih cld d li cgls: skyscs  ml d glss smblig shbxs. shbxs. a ciiqu by tm Wl i his wiy x From Bauhaus to Our  House bllws h h lks wh wk i hs buildigs c bly ci hm:

s  hv ddssd hs ccs, i ddii  h chgig l  duci, ssilism, d liics i h  wld d byd. I dmiig why  ms, b su  lk cully ud yu. th civ d ciicl vic  h is is wll k i h hs  s . a  m c g  , is ciis shuld b isd  uilizig  k y d fciv csss  hl us ll k ic  u suudigs. rEfErEncEs

evy child gs  schl i  buildig h lks lik  dulicig-mchi dulicig-mchi lcms whlsl disibui whus. n v h schl cmmissis, wh cmmissid i d vd h ls, c gu u hw i hd. th mi hig is  y  vid hvig  xli i  h s. (Wl 1981: 1) Isd  xliig, s iss hv cd gis hs dvlms. this is why Lwish (2008) ss s  d gi s  m  imdism. th md isucu d livig scs i which hs iss hv gw u is  wkig d hi  is  m  scil ciiqu. Ulimly h g xim h ws mdism did  succd d s iss’ civ us  h vim wks h ublic m hi slumb. Gblik (1985) gus h mdism hs idd ild d h s  sul  his hikig h is  wy  msu succss, dmi sdds,  mul wh  wk   is. rc dvlms ms i

Dichd, G. J. (2010), ‘th Buhus is-ch: Wl Gius’s hilshy  duci’, Teaching  Artist Journal , 8:3, . 157–64. Dwy, J. (1938), Experience and education , nw Yk: Clli Bks. Gblik, S. (1985), Has Modernism Failed? nw Yk: thms d Huds. Lwish, C. (2008), Street art: The grafti revolution , nw Yk: Hy n. abms. McLuh. M. (1967), The medium is the massage , nw Yk: rdm Hus. Wl, t. (1981), From Bauhaus to our house, nw Yk: Bm Bks. rEadon…

G. Jms Dichd | azus pcic Uivsiy auh: Artist-Teacher: A Philosophy or Creating and Teaching, ISBn 9781841504087 9781841504087 d  Artist Scholar: Reections on Writing and Research , ISBn 9781841504872 31

artiCle

crEativity in thE strEEts G. James Daichendt , auh,  Artist-Teacher: A Philosophy or Creating and Teaching d Artist Scholar: Reections on Writing and Research

Street art IS  xciig d lv xml  civiy h hs d u i ciis ud h wld. Islld i cx-scic lcis h fc  bd culul higs, i is  dubbd h   h l. th c  isllig his gd  m my b cvsil, d y h cmmy h sus m  succssul lcm uchs u  sc  h  xic h shuld b clbd. I is ls   wh mks  s im d vil  ggig wih u suudigs. a is  culul duc, ivd d xicd by hums i  icul im d sc. I c sv my gls d uss bu is subjc  dii v im. this is  cssy susii i d  udsd h hisy, hilshy, ciicism d duci  . Hwv, h imc  s

‘ivsis’ i ciis (wh sm hv b islld i high umbs) hs ‘Ivds’ ciiqu h lg ills   sud visul mklc. Udsdig h sl d scil imc   quis sm fci  h civiy h mks i ssibl. Dwy (1938) cud h ssc  h -mkig css wih h ccs  imuls, dsi, d us. ths h ids  hlul wh visulizig h umb  dcisis h  is mks v im. essilly wh  imuls is usd, dsi is csciusly slcd m  liby  imulss; d wh  ci dsi is slcd wih  mhd d dici h  us is gd. this us c h k h m   ishd ic  . th civ css is md u  my smll dcisis, bu us is im  udsdig

In DeTermInIng why ArT mATTers, be sure To look CArefully CArefull y ArounD Ar ounD you.  d is sigicc i h wy-s cuy c b b udsd wh w xmi i s  civ duc. ady Whl hld d wh w csid  wh h ulizd McLuh’s (1967) sm: ‘a is yhig yu c g wy wih’. Whh i’s busiss, cmmcilism, cmmcilism,  jus  id,  is s much m h  shic gm  clu d li; s , i icul, is  y  hum cmmuici, wih ch h d wih u vim. S iss lik Sc Ivd ciully xd u Whl’s id wih  uusul l: ils gd  m  msic i h sh   vig vid gm chc. thugh hi lcm d

h lvc  . th l  duc is symblic  h my dcisis d xics h w i is ci. S  d is lcm is  ci  h md ui h dvld ud h wld duig h s cuy. th ciy wlls d ub vims csucd i h wih cuy s much  h gss misd by s  mdism. th Iil Syl  chicu, chicu, mily ifucd by h Buhus chs d suds, dmiclly ld h wy w s  ublic ic wih ublic sc (Dichd 2010). nw mils d dvcms i csuci llwd livig scs  b buil much m chly d i  m gmic shi;

h us  glss d h bx-lik dsig vud by chics sugh  k dvg  sc d c  livig ui. this ifuc is hvily s i h ub vims vims  h Uid Ss, wh dciv xis w mvd d sciy ws l wih cld d li cgls: skyscs  ml d glss smblig shbxs. shbxs. a ciiqu by tm Wl i his wiy x From Bauhaus to Our  House bllws h h lks wh wk i hs buildigs c bly ci hm:

s  hv ddssd hs ccs, i ddii  h chgig l  duci, ssilism, d liics i h  wld d byd. I dmiig why  ms, b su  lk cully ud yu. th civ d ciicl vic  h is is wll k i h hs  s . a  m c g  , is ciis shuld b isd  uilizig  k y d fciv csss  hl us ll k ic  u suudigs. rEfErEncEs

evy child gs  schl i  buildig h lks lik  dulicig-mchi dulicig-mchi lcms whlsl disibui whus. n v h schl cmmissis, wh cmmissid i d vd h ls, c gu u hw i hd. th mi hig is  y  vid hvig  xli i  h s. (Wl 1981: 1) Isd  xliig, s iss hv cd gis hs dvlms. this is why Lwish (2008) ss s  d gi s  m  imdism. th md isucu d livig scs i which hs iss hv gw u is  wkig d hi  is  m  scil ciiqu. Ulimly h g xim h ws mdism did  succd d s iss’ civ us  h vim wks h ublic m hi slumb. Gblik (1985) gus h mdism hs idd ild d h s  sul  his hikig h is  wy  msu succss, dmi sdds,  mul wh  wk   is. rc dvlms ms i

Dichd, G. J. (2010), ‘th Buhus is-ch: Wl Gius’s hilshy  duci’, Teaching  Artist Journal , 8:3, . 157–64. Dwy, J. (1938), Experience and education , nw Yk: Clli Bks. Gblik, S. (1985), Has Modernism Failed? nw Yk: thms d Huds. Lwish, C. (2008), Street art: The grafti revolution , nw Yk: Hy n. abms. McLuh. M. (1967), The medium is the massage , nw Yk: rdm Hus. Wl, t. (1981), From Bauhaus to our house, nw Yk: Bm Bks. rEadon…

G. Jms Dichd | azus pcic Uivsiy auh: Artist-Teacher: A Philosophy or Creating and Teaching, ISBn 9781841504087 9781841504087 d  Artist Scholar: Reections on Writing and Research , ISBn 9781841504872

30

31

artiCle

GrEat artists must bE GrEat EntErtainErs Gail Pearce , edi, Truth or Dare

I is  suci  cm h g dics  cim wih is, chics  v musicis. thy mus b cmd wih hiks. (Dluz 1986) art IS MY gug  h wld: cu, s, uu. I c discv wh is im his mh, wh ws im h y –  c  ci llls h igil mm d dvls i, dwig u scs h hwis my hv mid hidd  uicd. Hidsigh, liv sciv, sciv,  d  cmm i sm wy, ll  uiis  . evy im I wi ‘’ I s  liud – h subjc is  bd, h il  bld vviws  g – bu h hikig cid cid d/ hidd i ‘’ is wh h il  cml ggm lis. nwdys I m sig  bliv h g iss mus b cmd wih is. Hwv, g is mus sill hv h sgs ccs. I w s vy w higs i  img, his is bcus w d  kw hw  d i ly. ly. (Dluz 1986) righ w I m big dw i immsiv h, d icig hw iv i iciv wk is wh mks i wul. Lig  d i  ll-cmssig vim vim is bbly cls  h xi32

c   hm k. a w, icully h wk h vls cim, d v cchs  h, is  , cugs, h udic  ici. Shwig  s lm i  glly givs h viw much m   i  wlk wy. Viwig  s  wb g us h isk  llwig h udic  sc by  sigl click. Mkig   islli h lis  h udic  ici i  civiy is    hw w ly wih d xli chlgis s hy  dvld. th sk w is  k h udic cd, which is ll h hd wh h i  lv is s much si. ou lsu i udsdig h cci bw h cis w k d h suls h su is dic. I is ccd  w d ms u sii s civ bigs i h wld. th ivi  chlgy c hc u wss  his dic cci. th usi   chicl discc is ud. th lsu w migh k i  iig  sic wk   culd b sid  b m cbl. emis gg m slwly: im is quid. as  xml  u ud sh i ss d d  m d s im, h iciv xic s i sis  ic, d ddiciv wds  hld. Kwig hw  d  img ly lis 

h im h img quis, d  his is liv  h  h img ws cd. W xc  sd im lkig hd i h iig w gz  is i  glly: im wih h cwd dws, h blckbus xhibiis. I c i is xmly hd  s h imgs bcus  h cwds, d hy  usully  wk md i h s,   ls 100 ys ld. rc wk, icully digil  d iciv wk, hs  smll glly udic ull (lhugh li umbs  much high); i is usully much si  viw bcus  h lck  ssig cwds, d hus much si  sd im lkig wihu big jsld. th sc i  digil glly s h iy h wdys,  h whl, udics sd lss im lkig, bsbig d udsdig. udsdig. Kwig hw  d  img ly ls lis  h mdium. I h wk is i immsiv h, ublicizd by wd  muh, vi scil wks,

h by puchduk s much. I s h sm clus d dm discvy is. Whs Mirror, Mirror ld is l vi chlgy (cuig dg  is im) d ws dsigd   sigl us, h l  h lg-scl discvy, discvy, h cwd ls, d h fsh mb xcim csi  fc dy’s chlgis, m hidd, m kw, d hs ly s vguly udsd. My sis  bsd  dcumy hms – h vidc  schd m dy--dy ws ims d h idisycsis  hum bhviu. I 1995 J Cdi d Gg Bus Mill w cig The Dark Pool (1996), wh  m ull  bks d cs ld sis hugh sud iggd by dvics i h sc. Shw  h s im i h UK i oxd i 2008 I ws uw  h wk i 1995, bu h ci   mysius vim, vim, d  sy  b gussd, hs similiis  Mirror, Mirror .

Theme pArks, gAmes AnD InTerACTIve envIronmenTs All quAlIfy As ArT.  cul-lik sus dvls d lg udics  cd, l   m d discv sis  hmslvs. hmslvs. Clus   kid  h  disibud i h vim s h h udic c bgi  udsd wh h mig is. tchlgy is usully hidd d  is vidd  s mig. Sdig im i h vim llws uh discvis  b md; his culd ls b sid  b u  li wlds. a ly li wld ws Myst ,  ghic-dvu vid gm dsigd d dicd by h bhs rby d rd Mill. I cm css i i 1995 d bcm cd by h sy d h iciv sc  discvy. I ls d cl budis s  h s  xic h ws vilbl: i ws sliy; i ws  li; i ws   dugs d dgs gm usig x h h img (idd, tim Bs-L ws ly jus sig h wldwid wb); h ws  ss  h w d  discvy. I ws  ccssibl ms  usig  cmu  d  sy, d h dmid is w wll disguisd ( Myst  ws dvld by Cy (w Cy Wlds) d is ublishd d disibud by Bødbud). phs s  sul I md  iciv islli h lid   hidd sy d usd DoS gmmig d siml chlgis  chiv  immsiv sig   mysius l  mud d vg (Mirror, Mirror  1996). n wd I jy immsiv

es W. adms suggss h h vs mjiy  wh h gm idusy ds is  , bu ul culu: ‘a is uchsd i  gllis by  cissus, i is ciicizd by  ciics, i is csvd i  musums. I is  sld i yshs’ (Clk d Michll 2007). Hwv, s m d m ys  sld i glly shs, d  is vlig wih h, dc d music, h budis w ly  hv ldy shid  such  dg h hm ks, gms d iciv vims vims ll quliy s  d h sccl hs ild vywh. vywh. Wh I w  bliv is h  c byss h sccl d k  udic ichd, qusiig, d ggd. Reerences

Clk, a. d Michll, G. (ds) (2007), Will Computer  Games Ever be a Legitimate Art Form? Bisl: Illc. Dluz G. (1986), Cinema 1, The Movement Image (s. 1992), Ld: ahl pss, . 12–13. is L’Image-Mouvement  (1983), ublishd s Cinéma 1, L’Image-Mouvement  c: Ls ediis d Miui. Read on…

Gil pc | ryl Hllwy, Uivsiy  Ld edi: Truth or Dare, ISBn 9781841501758

33

artiCle

GrEat artists must bE GrEat EntErtainErs

h im h img quis, d  his is liv  h  h img ws cd. W xc  sd im lkig hd i h iig w gz  is i  glly: im wih h cwd dws, h blckbus xhibiis. I c i is xmly hd  s h imgs bcus  h cwds, d hy  usully  wk md i h s,   ls 100 ys ld. rc wk, icully digil  d iciv wk, hs  smll glly udic ull (lhugh li umbs  much high); i is usully much si  viw bcus  h lck  ssig cwds, d hus much si  sd im lkig wihu big jsld. th sc i  digil glly s h iy h wdys,  h whl, udics sd lss im lkig, bsbig d udsdig. udsdig. Kwig hw  d  img ly ls lis  h mdium. I h wk is i immsiv h, ublicizd by wd  muh, vi scil wks,

Theme pArks, gAmes AnD InTerACTIve envIronmenTs All quAlIfy As ArT.

Gail Pearce , edi, Truth or Dare

I is  suci  cm h g dics  cim wih is, chics  v musicis. thy mus b cmd wih hiks. (Dluz 1986) art IS MY gug  h wld: cu, s, uu. I c discv wh is im his mh, wh ws im h y –  c  ci llls h igil mm d dvls i, dwig u scs h hwis my hv mid hidd  uicd. Hidsigh, liv sciv, sciv,  d  cmm i sm wy, ll  uiis  . evy im I wi ‘’ I s  liud – h subjc is  bd, h il  bld vviws  g – bu h hikig cid cid d/ hidd i ‘’ is wh h il  cml ggm lis. nwdys I m sig  bliv h g iss mus b cmd wih is. Hwv, g is mus sill hv h sgs ccs. I w s vy w higs i  img, his is bcus w d  kw hw  d i ly. ly. (Dluz 1986) righ w I m big dw i immsiv h, d icig hw iv i iciv wk is wh mks i wul. Lig  d i  ll-cmssig vim vim is bbly cls  h xi-

h by puchduk s much. I s h sm clus d dm discvy is. Whs Mirror, Mirror ld is l vi chlgy (cuig dg  is im) d ws dsigd   sigl us, h l  h lg-scl discvy, discvy, h cwd ls, d h fsh mb xcim csi  fc dy’s chlgis, m hidd, m kw, d hs ly s vguly udsd. My sis  bsd  dcumy hms – h vidc  schd m dy--dy ws ims d h idisycsis  hum bhviu. I 1995 J Cdi d Gg Bus Mill w cig The Dark Pool (1996), wh  m ull  bks d cs ld sis hugh sud iggd by dvics i h sc. Shw  h s im i h UK i oxd i 2008 I ws uw  h wk i 1995, bu h ci   mysius vim, vim, d  sy  b gussd, hs similiis  Mirror, Mirror .

 cul-lik sus dvls d lg udics  cd, l   m d discv sis  hmslvs. hmslvs. Clus   kid  h  disibud i h vim s h h udic c bgi  udsd wh h mig is. tchlgy is usully hidd d  is vidd  s mig. Sdig im i h vim llws uh discvis  b md; his culd ls b sid  b u  li wlds. a ly li wld ws Myst ,  ghic-dvu vid gm dsigd d dicd by h bhs rby d rd Mill. I cm css i i 1995 d bcm cd by h sy d h iciv sc  discvy. I ls d cl budis s  h s  xic h ws vilbl: i ws sliy; i ws  li; i ws   dugs d dgs gm usig x h h img (idd, tim Bs-L ws ly jus sig h wldwid wb); h ws  ss  h w d  discvy. I ws  ccssibl ms  usig  cmu  d  sy, d h dmid is w wll disguisd ( Myst  ws dvld by Cy (w Cy Wlds) d is ublishd d disibud by Bødbud). phs s  sul I md  iciv islli h lid   hidd sy d usd DoS gmmig d siml chlgis  chiv  immsiv sig   mysius l  mud d vg (Mirror, Mirror  1996). n wd I jy immsiv

c   hm k. a w, icully h wk h vls cim, d v cchs  h, is  , cugs, h udic  ici. Shwig  s lm i  glly givs h viw much m   i  wlk wy. Viwig  s  wb g us h isk  llwig h udic  sc by  sigl click. Mkig   islli h lis  h udic  ici i  civiy is    hw w ly wih d xli chlgis s hy  dvld. th sk w is  k h udic cd, which is ll h hd wh h i  lv is s much si. ou lsu i udsdig h cci bw h cis w k d h suls h su is dic. I is ccd  w d ms u sii s civ bigs i h wld. th ivi  chlgy c hc u wss  his dic cci. th usi   chicl discc is ud. th lsu w migh k i  iig  sic wk   culd b sid  b m cbl. emis gg m slwly: im is quid. as  xml  u ud sh i ss d d  m d s im, h iciv xic s i sis  ic, d ddiciv wds  hld. Kwig hw  d  img ly lis 

es W. adms suggss h h vs mjiy  wh h gm idusy ds is  , bu ul culu: ‘a is uchsd i  gllis by  cissus, i is ciicizd by  ciics, i is csvd i  musums. I is  sld i yshs’ (Clk d Michll 2007). Hwv, s m d m ys  sld i glly shs, d  is vlig wih h, dc d music, h budis w ly  hv ldy shid  such  dg h hm ks, gms d iciv vims vims ll quliy s  d h sccl hs ild vywh. vywh. Wh I w  bliv is h  c byss h sccl d k  udic ichd, qusiig, d ggd. Reerences

Clk, a. d Michll, G. (ds) (2007), Will Computer  Games Ever be a Legitimate Art Form? Bisl: Illc. Dluz G. (1986), Cinema 1, The Movement Image (s. 1992), Ld: ahl pss, . 12–13. is L’Image-Mouvement  (1983), ublishd s Cinéma 1, L’Image-Mouvement  c: Ls ediis d Miui. Read on…

Gil pc | ryl Hllwy, Uivsiy  Ld edi: Truth or Dare, ISBn 9781841501758

32

33

tHe MoMentUM o isus d mss cmmuici is v isiyig. U h dv  y vil ccuc  liicl cfic, h is lms  immdi ci: cm hs  ulld u d vs  smd, uihibid, liv  h I. o 28 Juy 2011, h egyi is ahmd Bsiy ws sh d killd by  si i thi Squ, mkig him   v 800 l killd i h vluiy uisig. o h dy b his dh h w  his cbk g, b mkig his wy  thi Squ  ici i h gh  vlui, ‘Big  cm wih yu d d’ b id  wk’ (el nshky 2011). a c b  wul duciv c d isuml i skig chg  ciicl hikig, wih h dv  c uisigs d vs i h Middl es d asi w  midd  his cbiliy. Hwv,  s  l  mbilizig hugh d ci is  w; i c, hisy hs s his h im d im gi. Kzimi Mlvich,   h lds  h russi v-gd mvm (s h ocb rvlui i 1917) d h h   sumiism, blivd h u m d siiv chg w scdd hugh bsci. bsci. a  Mlvich ws

artiCle

art and rEvolution Lauren Mele and Alredo Cramerotti , auh,  Aesthetic Journalism

dii d i h sus   i bugisi sciy. sciy. th uuiss w mivd by h bli h ml iviv hikig culd vk much-dd chgs i h scil d shic d  sciy (Bwl 1991); idd  d scil d liicl li c b sd wh lkig  h Ili uuiss’ mivis. Hisy clly hs  hbi  ig isl; Kzimi Mlvich ws  h s is  ush  scil d liicl chg hugh , d ahmd Bsiy will  b h ls is  chllg h ‘ml’ d gh  dm – isid h sudi d u. Bsiy’s wk is w big xhibid  h egyi vili  h 54h Vic Bil. I 30 Days o Running in the Place (2010), Bsiy ds xcly wh h il dscibs: h lms himsl uig vy dy  30 dys, whils wig  bdy sui h visully shws h chgs i his bdy mu d vils. th wk dmss h usi  ‘uig d gig wh’, hs fcig his ligs bu h gl gss  liicl chg i egy. alhugh h did  suviv  s h chg h hd b yig  duig his li, his ic chs h gh.

ArT Is A reACTIonAr reACTIonAry y DIsCIplIne AnD Does noT exIsT In A vACuum.

 .       d       f              h   s    a    ©   :      g      m    I

34

 l cbl  imsig  w scil d, hugh his culd  b d wihu diculy; Svi uhiis cscd his iigs   yig scil liis duig  sciv  his wk i h 1920s (Km 1990). Sdly his y  discimii by gvms gvms hs  csd. pliicl csshi  imi, visul d xul, hs lwys b s i cdd hisy; h hs v b  i i im wh ci imi  imgs w  b  illgl. th di  ai Wiwi i Mch 2011 suggss hw wul, ifuil d illy hig h Chis gvm gd his wk. I  iviw cducd v dys b his disc h sid, ‘I  lg xis i h ys  cil Chi. I yu  my m i  li sch mchi, h s  ic  ilu… bu  ls I sill hv 70,000 llws  twi… I cmm  blms  sciy, s l c s h fm is sill buig’ (Wiwi 2011). I  ss,  c xss  viw,  mi  ii duig  im  csshi d liicl us, d i c mk  dic. this is   sy h iss  vluiis hmslvs, bu h sc  hughul ckwldgm  cfic c vk chg. ai Wiwi’s disc isid glbl usi bu h lck  dm  xssi i wy-s cuy Chi. a is  d c b sd m cmy li, s Wiwi’s cs vs; i is  ciy discili d ds  xis i  vcuum. th mivi  vluiy blis d dvus, hwv, ds  cssily sm slly m liics, bu m vydy li. th Ili uuis mvm  h bgiig  h wih cuy ws isid, i , by iss’ d   chg i

Wih h v-gwig sc  scil wkig d h isus sd  imi,  d h sci-liicl c b sd. Visul ivs  icsigly wul d –  sm is – hig mds  cmmuici. 2011 hs s isic vus d jcs ub shulds wih mj liicl issus d uf h hs  my idividuls i ublic siis  w. ps h Wikilks dilmm, imi is bcmig cls  imssibl  hss d ccl. o sigl v cugs  dmi c  ciy vs. a will v cs  hiv d iumh i ims  suggl d will lwys mi  im visul d hicl cu  h vydy. vydy. rEfErEncEs

Bwl, a (1991), ‘pliics s a: Ili uuism d scism’, Theory and Society, 20:6, . 763–794. el nshky, Shdy (2011), ‘ahmd Bsiy: a h li  h as d rvlui’, Naas Art  Magazine, 1 Mch, vilbl : h://uivss-iuivs.g/g/s/icls/2011/hmd_bsiy. accssd 8 July 2011. Km, Hil (1990), ‘a, rvlui, d Kzimi Mlvich’, The New Criterion , 1 nvmb, vilbl : h://www.wcii.cm/icls.cm/a-vlui--d-Kzimi-Mlv vlui--d-Kzimi-Mlvich-5230. ich-5230. accssd 8 July 2011. Wiwi, ai (2011), ‘th ag  Cziss’, iviw by Willim oliv, Dazed and Conused, Ju: 74. rEadon….

ald Cmi | Cu auh: Aesthetic Journalism , ISBn 9781841502687 9781841502687 Lu Ml | Idd schl 35

tHe MoMentUM o isus d mss cmmuici is v isiyig. U h dv  y vil ccuc  liicl cfic, h is lms  immdi ci: cm hs  ulld u d vs  smd, uihibid, liv  h I. o 28 Juy 2011, h egyi is ahmd Bsiy ws sh d killd by  si i thi Squ, mkig him   v 800 l killd i h vluiy uisig. o h dy b his dh h w  his cbk g, b mkig his wy  thi Squ  ici i h gh  vlui, ‘Big  cm wih yu d d’ b id  wk’ (el nshky 2011). a c b  wul duciv c d isuml i skig chg  ciicl hikig, wih h dv  c uisigs d vs i h Middl es d asi w  midd  his cbiliy. Hwv,  s  l  mbilizig hugh d ci is  w; i c, hisy hs s his h im d im gi. Kzimi Mlvich,   h lds  h russi v-gd mvm (s h ocb rvlui i 1917) d h h   sumiism, blivd h u m d siiv chg w scdd hugh bsci. bsci. a  Mlvich ws

artiCle

art and rEvolution Lauren Mele and Alredo Cramerotti , auh,  Aesthetic Journalism

dii d i h sus   i bugisi sciy. sciy. th uuiss w mivd by h bli h ml iviv hikig culd vk much-dd chgs i h scil d shic d  sciy (Bwl 1991); idd  d scil d liicl li c b sd wh lkig  h Ili uuiss’ mivis. Hisy clly hs  hbi  ig isl; Kzimi Mlvich ws  h s is  ush  scil d liicl chg hugh , d ahmd Bsiy will  b h ls is  chllg h ‘ml’ d gh  dm – isid h sudi d u. Bsiy’s wk is w big xhibid  h egyi vili  h 54h Vic Bil. I 30 Days o Running in the Place (2010), Bsiy ds xcly wh h il dscibs: h lms himsl uig vy dy  30 dys, whils wig  bdy sui h visully shws h chgs i his bdy mu d vils. th wk dmss h usi  ‘uig d gig wh’, hs fcig his ligs bu h gl gss  liicl chg i egy. alhugh h did  suviv  s h chg h hd b yig  duig his li, his ic chs h gh.

ArT Is A reACTIonAr reACTIonAry y DIsCIplIne AnD Does noT exIsT In A vACuum.

 .       d       f              h   s    a    ©   :      g      m    I

34

 l cbl  imsig  w scil d, hugh his culd  b d wihu diculy; Svi uhiis cscd his iigs   yig scil liis duig  sciv  his wk i h 1920s (Km 1990). Sdly his y  discimii by gvms gvms hs  csd. pliicl csshi  imi, visul d xul, hs lwys b s i cdd hisy; h hs v b  i i im wh ci imi  imgs w  b  illgl. th di  ai Wiwi i Mch 2011 suggss hw wul, ifuil d illy hig h Chis gvm gd his wk. I  iviw cducd v dys b his disc h sid, ‘I  lg xis i h ys  cil Chi. I yu  my m i  li sch mchi, h s  ic  ilu… bu  ls I sill hv 70,000 llws  twi… I cmm  blms  sciy, s l c s h fm is sill buig’ (Wiwi 2011). I  ss,  c xss  viw,  mi  ii duig  im  csshi d liicl us, d i c mk  dic. this is   sy h iss  vluiis hmslvs, bu h sc  hughul ckwldgm  cfic c vk chg. ai Wiwi’s disc isid glbl usi bu h lck  dm  xssi i wy-s cuy Chi. a is  d c b sd m cmy li, s Wiwi’s cs vs; i is  ciy discili d ds  xis i  vcuum. th mivi  vluiy blis d dvus, hwv, ds  cssily sm slly m liics, bu m vydy li. th Ili uuis mvm  h bgiig  h wih cuy ws isid, i , by iss’ d   chg i

Wih h v-gwig sc  scil wkig d h isus sd  imi,  d h sci-liicl c b sd. Visul ivs  icsigly wul d –  sm is – hig mds  cmmuici. 2011 hs s isic vus d jcs ub shulds wih mj liicl issus d uf h hs  my idividuls i ublic siis  w. ps h Wikilks dilmm, imi is bcmig cls  imssibl  hss d ccl. o sigl v cugs  dmi c  ciy vs. a will v cs  hiv d iumh i ims  suggl d will lwys mi  im visul d hicl cu  h vydy. vydy. rEfErEncEs

Bwl, a (1991), ‘pliics s a: Ili uuism d scism’, Theory and Society, 20:6, . 763–794. el nshky, Shdy (2011), ‘ahmd Bsiy: a h li  h as d rvlui’, Naas Art  Magazine, 1 Mch, vilbl : h://uivss-iuivs.g/g/s/icls/2011/hmd_bsiy. accssd 8 July 2011. Km, Hil (1990), ‘a, rvlui, d Kzimi Mlvich’, The New Criterion , 1 nvmb, vilbl : h://www.wcii.cm/icls.cm/a-vlui--d-Kzimi-Mlv vlui--d-Kzimi-Mlvich-5230. ich-5230. accssd 8 July 2011. Wiwi, ai (2011), ‘th ag  Cziss’, iviw by Willim oliv, Dazed and Conused, Ju: 74. rEadon….

ald Cmi | Cu auh: Aesthetic Journalism , ISBn 9781841502687 9781841502687 Lu Ml | Idd schl 35

Q&a

Citica aa  cic ca ti a ii itt attti t t ia t  t tt. Julia Round , edi, Studies in Comics

CoMICS are oten lysd i ms  hi syli  iv:  siui h hs b uh cugd dy by hi dii s ‘ghic vls’. a cus  iss i h li dys  h idusy gv wy, i h 1980s,   icsig cus  h ‘s wi’, xmlid by al M, nil Gim, k Mill d hs. tdy, tdy, ciicl  lyss  cmics c smims y suisigly lil i  h visul lms  h x. this sms  dd siui wh csidig h imc  . I cmics, syl d clu vid mi; lism ( lck h) cs u ii d idici wih chcs  scs; h visul sciv  ls c idic lsiy  hwis c h llig  h l; d h g lyu ms h ci scs  mhsizd v hs ( xml vi ‘slsh gs’). m  smiic sciv i my v b i  d h cmic-bk l s  kid  hybid sigi (whs sigid is  cil mm  sc wihi  l); i ch l, wd d img  ixicbly bdd i  lishi h c b subvsiv, subvsiv, cmlmy  fciv. a Studies in Comics w cug cibus  ch cmics m  viy  discilis i d  xl bh h visul d vbl lms  ch x. rEadon…

Juli rud | Bumuh Uivsiy Uivsiy edi: Studies in Comics, ISSn 20403232 36

 .   z   c    i   w       i    k   n       i    S    l    l    i    B    d   n                   M   n       l    a    ©   :      g      m    I

37

Q&a

Citica aa  cic ca ti a ii itt attti t t ia t  t tt. Julia Round , edi, Studies in Comics

CoMICS are oten lysd i ms  hi syli  iv:  siui h hs b uh cugd dy by hi dii s ‘ghic vls’. a cus  iss i h li dys  h idusy gv wy, i h 1980s,   icsig cus  h ‘s wi’, xmlid by al M, nil Gim, k Mill d hs. tdy, tdy, ciicl  lyss  cmics c smims y suisigly lil i  h visul lms  h x. this sms  dd siui wh csidig h imc  . I cmics, syl d clu vid mi; lism ( lck h) cs u ii d idici wih chcs  scs; h visul sciv  ls c idic lsiy  hwis c h llig  h l; d h g lyu ms h ci scs  mhsizd v hs ( xml vi ‘slsh gs’). m  smiic sciv i my v b i  d h cmic-bk l s  kid  hybid sigi (whs sigid is  cil mm  sc wihi  l); i ch l, wd d img  ixicbly bdd i  lishi h c b subvsiv, subvsiv, cmlmy  fciv. a Studies in Comics w cug cibus  ch cmics m  viy  discilis i d  xl bh h visul d vbl lms  ch x.

 .   z   c    i   w       i    k   n       i    S    l    l    i    B    d   n                   M   n       l    a    ©   :      g      m    I

rEadon…

Juli rud | Bumuh Uivsiy Uivsiy edi: Studies in Comics, ISSn 20403232 36

37

intEllEct visual arts titlEs: sElEctEd list      s      k      o      o      b

rEad on...www.intellectbooks.com www.intellectbooks.com | ublishs  igil hikig | t viw  cml lis  Illc’s ublicis visi us li

Aesthetic Journalism: How to Inorm Without Inorming By Alfredo Cramerotti

Artist Scholar: Refections on Writing and Research By G. James Daichendt

Artist-Teacher: A Philosophy or Creating and Teaching By G. James Daichendt

Atomic Postcards: Radioactive Messages rom the Cold War By John O’Brian and Jeremy Borsos

ISBN9 781841502687 £19.95,$35|PB|2009|1

ISBN97818 41504872 £15.95,$25|PB|2011|1

ISBN9781841503134 £29.95,$50|HB|2010| 1

ISBN9781841504315 £29.95,$45|PB| 2011|1

The Blind Edited by Alfredo Cramerotti

Contingency in Madagascar By Stephen Muecke and Max Pam

Culture and Contestation in the New Century Edited by Marc James Léger

Design Integrations: Research and Collaboration Edited by Sharon Poggenpohl and Keiichi Sato

ISBN9781841503622 £24.95,$50|PB|2012| 1 Critical Photography

ISBN97818 41504742 £29.95,$45|PB|2011|1 Critical Photography

ISBN9781841504261 £19.95,$40|PB|2011|1

StreetsoCrocodiles: Photography,Media, andPostsocialist LandscapesinPoland By Katarzyna Marciniak and Kamil Turowski

ISBN9 781841503257 £19.95,$35|PB|2010|1

Engendering Interaction with Images By Audrey Grace Bennett ISBN97818 41504810 £24.95,$40|PB| 2011| 1

Girls! Girls! Girls! in Contemporary Art Edited by Lori Waxman and Catherine Grant

Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line or a Write By Pat Francis

ISBN9781841503486 £19.95,$40|PB|2011|1

ISBN97818 41502564 £14.95,$30|PB|2009| 9 5,$30|PB|2009| 1

Franklin Furnace & the Spirit o the Avant-Garde: A History o the Future By Toni Sant ISBN978184 1503714 £19.95,$25|PB|2010|1

International Dialogues about Visual Culture, Education and Art Edited by Rachel Mason and Teresa Eça ISBN9781841501673 £19.95,$40|PB|2008|1

Moving the Eye Through 2-D Design: A Visual Primer By Buy Shaver ISBN9781841503639 £19.95,$40|PB|2010|1

Narrating the Catastrophe: An Artist’s Dialogue with Deleuze and Ricoeur By Jac Saorsa

Neosentience: The Benevolence Engine By Bill Seaman and Otto Rössler ISBN978184 1504049 £19.95,$40|PB|2011| 1

ISBN9781841504605 £45,$60|HB|2011|1

The Place o  Artists’ Cinema: Space, Site and Screen By Maeve Connolly ISBN9 781841502465 £19.95,$40|PB|2009|1

ReachingAudiences: Distributionand Promotiono  AlternativeMoving Image By Julia Knight and Peter Thomas ISBN9781841 501574 £19.95,$40|PB|2011|1

Research in Art &  Design Education Edited by Richard Hickman ISBN9781841501994 £24.95,$50|HB|2008| 1 Readingsin Artand DesignEducation on

38

Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o  Documentary Photography By Jonathan Day ISBN97818 41503158 £19.95,$40|PB|2010|1

The Future o Art in a Postdigital Age: From Hellenistic to Hebraic Consciousness (2nd ed) By Mel Alexenberg ISBN978184 1503776 £29.95,$60|HB|2011|1

Issues in Curating Contemporary Art and Perormance Edited by Judith Rugg and Michèle Sedgwick ISBN978184 1501628 £29.95,$60|HB| 2007| 1

Picturing Immigration: Photojournalistic Representationo  Immigrantsin Greek andSpanish Press By Athanasia Batziou

Unmapping the City: Perspectives o Flatness Edited by Alfredo Cramerotti

Videogames and Art Edited by Andy Clarke and Grethe Mitchell

ISBN9 781841501758 £19.95,$40|PB|2007| 9 5,$40|PB|2007| 1

ISBN9781841503165 £14.95,$25|PB|2010|1 Critical Photography

ISBN978184 1501420 £29.95,$55|PB| 2007| 1

Visual Communication: More than Meets the Eye By Harry Jamieson

VisualCultures By James Elkins

Why We Make Art: And Why it is Taught(2nded) By Richard Hickman

ISBN978184 1503653 £24.95,$50| PB| 2010| 1 Critical Photography

Virtuality and the Art o Exhibition: Curatorial Design or the Multimedial Museum By Vince Dziekan ISBN9 781841504766 £24.95,$40|PB| 20111|| 1

ISBN978184 1502403 £19.95,$40|PB|2009|1

Drawing: The Enactive Evolution o the Practitioner By Patricia Cain

Truth or Dare: Art and Documentary Edited by Gail Pearce and Cahal McLaughlin

     s      l      A      n      r      u      o      J

ISBN978184 1503073 £17.95,$25|PB|2010| 1

ISBN978184 1503783 £14.95,$25|PB|2010| 1

ISBN97818 41501413 £14.95,$30|PB|2007| 9 5,$30|PB|2007| 1

Animation Practice, Process &  Production Editor: Paul Wells ISSN20427875 OnlineISSN20427883 Firstpublishedin2011 2issuespervolume

Crat Research Editors: Kristina Niedderer & Katherine Townsend ISSN20404689 OnlineISSN20404697 Firstpublishedin2010 1issueper volume

Journal o  Writing in Creative Practice Editors: John Wood & Julia Lockheart ISSN17535190 OnlineISSN17535204 Firstpublishedin2008 3issuesper volume

Philosophy o  Photography Editors: Daniel Rubinstein, Andrew Fisher & Tim Stephens ISSN20403682 OnlineISSN20403690 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuesper volume

Art & the Public Sphere Principal Editor: Mel Jordan

Art, Design &  Communication in Higher Education Editor: Linda Drew

ISSN2042793X OnlineISSN20427948 Firstpublishedin2011 3issuesper volume

ISSN1474273X OnlineISSN20400896 Firstpublishedin2002 2issuespervolume

International JournaloIslamic Architecture Director and FoundingEditor: MohammadGharipour

Journal o Arts &  Communities Principal Editor: Hamish Fyfe

Critical Studies in Fashion &  Beauty Editors: Efrat Tseëlon, Ana Marta González & Susan Kaiser ISSN20404417 OnlineISSN20404425 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume ThePoster Editor: Simon Downs ISSN20403704 OnlineISSN20403712 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume

Book 2.0 Principal Editor: Anthony Harrild ISSN20428022 OnlineISSN20428030 Firstpublishedin2011 2issuespervolume

ISBN978184 1503608 £40,$80|HB|2011|1

Readings in Primary Art Education Edited by Steve Herne, Sue Cox and Robert Watts ISBN978184 1502427 £19.95,$40|PB|2009|1 Readingsin Artand DesignEducation on

Searching or Art’s New Publics Edited by Jeni Walwin ISBN978184 1503110 £19.95,$35|PB|2010| 1

Recording Memoriesrom PoliticalViolence: AFilm-maker’s Journey By Cahal McLaughlin ISBN978184 1503011 £19.95,$40|PB|2010|1

Spatialities: The Geographies o Art and Architecture Edited by Judith Rugg and Craig Martin ISBN9781841504681 £29.95,$50|PB|2011| 1

1

E-bookavailable

ISSN20455895 OnlineISSN20455909 Firstpublishedin 2012 2issuespervolume

Metaverse Creativity Editors: Elif Ayiter & Yacov Sharir ISSN20403550 OnlineISSN20403569 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume

ISSN17571936 OnlineISSN17571944 Firstpublishedin2009 3issuespervolume

The Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ) Founding Editor: Catherine Elwes ISSN20456298 OnlineISSN20456301 Firstpublishedin2012 2issuespervolume

Journal o Curatorial Studies Editors: Jim Drobnick & Jennifer Fisher ISSN20455836 OnlineISSN20455844 Firstpublishedin2012 3issuesper volume

Technoetic Arts Editor: Roy Ascott ISSN1477965X OnlineISSN17589533 Firstpublishedin2003 3issuesper volume

Design Ecologies Editor: Dr. Shaun Murray ISSN2043068X OnlineISSN20430698 Firstpublishedin2011 2issuespervolume

Studies in Comics Editors: Julia Round & Chris Murray ISSN20403232 OnlineISSN20403240 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume

International Journal o Education through Art Editor: Glen Coutts ISSN17435234 OnlineISSN2040090X Firstpublishedin2005 3issuesper volume

Journal o Visual Art Practice Editor: Chris Smith ISSN14702029 OnlineISSN17589185 Firstpublishedin2001 3issuesper volume

Visual Inquiry: Learning & Teaching Art Principal Editor: G. James Daichendt ISSN20455879 OnlineISSN20455887 Firstpublishedin2012 3issuesper volume

39

intEllEct visual arts titlEs: sElEctEd list      s      k      o      o      b

rEad on...www.intellectbooks.com www.intellectbooks.com | ublishs  igil hikig | t viw  cml lis  Illc’s ublicis visi us li

Aesthetic Journalism: How to Inorm Without Inorming By Alfredo Cramerotti

Artist Scholar: Refections on Writing and Research By G. James Daichendt

Artist-Teacher: A Philosophy or Creating and Teaching By G. James Daichendt

Atomic Postcards: Radioactive Messages rom the Cold War By John O’Brian and Jeremy Borsos

ISBN9 781841502687 £19.95,$35|PB|2009|1

ISBN97818 41504872 £15.95,$25|PB|2011|1

ISBN9781841503134 £29.95,$50|HB|2010| 1

ISBN9781841504315 £29.95,$45|PB| 2011|1

The Blind Edited by Alfredo Cramerotti

Contingency in Madagascar By Stephen Muecke and Max Pam

Culture and Contestation in the New Century Edited by Marc James Léger

Design Integrations: Research and Collaboration Edited by Sharon Poggenpohl and Keiichi Sato

ISBN9781841503622 £24.95,$50|PB|2012| 1 Critical Photography

ISBN97818 41504742 £29.95,$45|PB|2011|1 Critical Photography

ISBN9781841504261 £19.95,$40|PB|2011|1

StreetsoCrocodiles: Photography,Media, andPostsocialist LandscapesinPoland By Katarzyna Marciniak and Kamil Turowski

ISBN9 781841503257 £19.95,$35|PB|2010|1

Engendering Interaction with Images By Audrey Grace Bennett ISBN97818 41504810 £24.95,$40|PB| 2011| 1

Girls! Girls! Girls! in Contemporary Art Edited by Lori Waxman and Catherine Grant

Inspiring Writing in Art and Design: Taking a Line or a Write By Pat Francis

ISBN9781841503486 £19.95,$40|PB|2011|1

ISBN97818 41502564 £14.95,$30|PB|2009| 9 5,$30|PB|2009| 1

Franklin Furnace & the Spirit o the Avant-Garde: A History o the Future By Toni Sant ISBN978184 1503714 £19.95,$25|PB|2010|1

International Dialogues about Visual Culture, Education and Art Edited by Rachel Mason and Teresa Eça ISBN9781841501673 £19.95,$40|PB|2008|1

Moving the Eye Through 2-D Design: A Visual Primer By Buy Shaver ISBN9781841503639 £19.95,$40|PB|2010|1

Narrating the Catastrophe: An Artist’s Dialogue with Deleuze and Ricoeur By Jac Saorsa

Neosentience: The Benevolence Engine By Bill Seaman and Otto Rössler ISBN978184 1504049 £19.95,$40|PB|2011| 1

ISBN9781841504605 £45,$60|HB|2011|1

The Place o  Artists’ Cinema: Space, Site and Screen By Maeve Connolly ISBN9 781841502465 £19.95,$40|PB|2009|1

ReachingAudiences: Distributionand Promotiono  AlternativeMoving Image By Julia Knight and Peter Thomas ISBN9781841 501574 £19.95,$40|PB|2011|1

Research in Art &  Design Education Edited by Richard Hickman ISBN9781841501994 £24.95,$50|HB|2008| 1 Readingsin Artand DesignEducation on

38

Robert Frank’s ‘The Americans’: The Art o  Documentary Photography By Jonathan Day ISBN97818 41503158 £19.95,$40|PB|2010|1

The Future o Art in a Postdigital Age: From Hellenistic to Hebraic Consciousness (2nd ed) By Mel Alexenberg ISBN978184 1503776 £29.95,$60|HB|2011|1

Issues in Curating Contemporary Art and Perormance Edited by Judith Rugg and Michèle Sedgwick ISBN978184 1501628 £29.95,$60|HB| 2007| 1

Picturing Immigration: Photojournalistic Representationo  Immigrantsin Greek andSpanish Press By Athanasia Batziou

Unmapping the City: Perspectives o Flatness Edited by Alfredo Cramerotti

Videogames and Art Edited by Andy Clarke and Grethe Mitchell

ISBN9 781841501758 £19.95,$40|PB|2007| 9 5,$40|PB|2007| 1

ISBN9781841503165 £14.95,$25|PB|2010|1 Critical Photography

ISBN978184 1501420 £29.95,$55|PB| 2007| 1

Visual Communication: More than Meets the Eye By Harry Jamieson

VisualCultures By James Elkins

Why We Make Art: And Why it is Taught(2nded) By Richard Hickman

ISBN978184 1503653 £24.95,$50| PB| 2010| 1 Critical Photography

Virtuality and the Art o Exhibition: Curatorial Design or the Multimedial Museum By Vince Dziekan ISBN9 781841504766 £24.95,$40|PB| 20111|| 1

ISBN978184 1502403 £19.95,$40|PB|2009|1

Drawing: The Enactive Evolution o the Practitioner By Patricia Cain

Truth or Dare: Art and Documentary Edited by Gail Pearce and Cahal McLaughlin

     s      l      A      n      r      u      o      J

ISBN978184 1503073 £17.95,$25|PB|2010| 1

ISBN978184 1503783 £14.95,$25|PB|2010| 1

ISBN97818 41501413 £14.95,$30|PB|2007| 9 5,$30|PB|2007| 1

Animation Practice, Process &  Production Editor: Paul Wells ISSN20427875 OnlineISSN20427883 Firstpublishedin2011 2issuespervolume

Crat Research Editors: Kristina Niedderer & Katherine Townsend ISSN20404689 OnlineISSN20404697 Firstpublishedin2010 1issueper volume

Journal o  Writing in Creative Practice Editors: John Wood & Julia Lockheart ISSN17535190 OnlineISSN17535204 Firstpublishedin2008 3issuesper volume

Philosophy o  Photography Editors: Daniel Rubinstein, Andrew Fisher & Tim Stephens ISSN20403682 OnlineISSN20403690 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuesper volume

Art & the Public Sphere Principal Editor: Mel Jordan

Art, Design &  Communication in Higher Education Editor: Linda Drew

ISSN2042793X OnlineISSN20427948 Firstpublishedin2011 3issuesper volume

ISSN1474273X OnlineISSN20400896 Firstpublishedin2002 2issuespervolume

International JournaloIslamic Architecture Director and FoundingEditor: MohammadGharipour

Journal o Arts &  Communities Principal Editor: Hamish Fyfe

Critical Studies in Fashion &  Beauty Editors: Efrat Tseëlon, Ana Marta González & Susan Kaiser ISSN20404417 OnlineISSN20404425 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume ThePoster Editor: Simon Downs ISSN20403704 OnlineISSN20403712 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume

Book 2.0 Principal Editor: Anthony Harrild ISSN20428022 OnlineISSN20428030 Firstpublishedin2011 2issuespervolume

ISBN978184 1503608 £40,$80|HB|2011|1

Readings in Primary Art Education Edited by Steve Herne, Sue Cox and Robert Watts ISBN978184 1502427 £19.95,$40|PB|2009|1 Readingsin Artand DesignEducation on

Searching or Art’s New Publics Edited by Jeni Walwin ISBN978184 1503110 £19.95,$35|PB|2010| 1

Recording Memoriesrom PoliticalViolence: AFilm-maker’s Journey By Cahal McLaughlin ISBN978184 1503011 £19.95,$40|PB|2010|1

Spatialities: The Geographies o Art and Architecture Edited by Judith Rugg and Craig Martin ISBN9781841504681 £29.95,$50|PB|2011| 1

1

E-bookavailable

ISSN20455895 OnlineISSN20455909 Firstpublishedin 2012 2issuespervolume

Metaverse Creativity Editors: Elif Ayiter & Yacov Sharir ISSN20403550 OnlineISSN20403569 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume

ISSN17571936 OnlineISSN17571944 Firstpublishedin2009 3issuespervolume

The Moving Image Review & Art Journal (MIRAJ) Founding Editor: Catherine Elwes ISSN20456298 OnlineISSN20456301 Firstpublishedin2012 2issuespervolume

Journal o Curatorial Studies Editors: Jim Drobnick & Jennifer Fisher ISSN20455836 OnlineISSN20455844 Firstpublishedin2012 3issuesper volume

Technoetic Arts Editor: Roy Ascott ISSN1477965X OnlineISSN17589533 Firstpublishedin2003 3issuesper volume

Design Ecologies Editor: Dr. Shaun Murray ISSN2043068X OnlineISSN20430698 Firstpublishedin2011 2issuespervolume

Studies in Comics Editors: Julia Round & Chris Murray ISSN20403232 OnlineISSN20403240 Firstpublishedin2010 2issuespervolume

International Journal o Education through Art Editor: Glen Coutts ISSN17435234 OnlineISSN2040090X Firstpublishedin2005 3issuesper volume

Journal o Visual Art Practice Editor: Chris Smith ISSN14702029 OnlineISSN17589185 Firstpublishedin2001 3issuesper volume

Visual Inquiry: Learning & Teaching Art Principal Editor: G. James Daichendt ISSN20455879 OnlineISSN20455887 Firstpublishedin2012 3issuesper volume

39

To fnd out more about Intellect and our community: Intellect

th Mill, pll rd, ishds, Bisl, BS16 3JG, UK tl: +44 (0) 117 958 9910 | e-mil: i@illcbks.cm Sui 106C, Kig Hll, 601, Suh Cllg rd, Wilmig nC, 28403, USa | tl: (+1) 910 962 2609 e-mil: USi@illcbks.cm Sui 7602, 6h l, 205 richmd S Ws, t, on M5t 1V3, Cd

Intellect www.intellectbooks.com

 .   e   c    I    d   n   a   e   r    i    F  ,    i    k   s   w         u    t    l    i   m       K    ©         v      c       n          f   :      g      m    I