Welfare & Equilibrium

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR

XFJCNPF ‒ nr tmf rtntf ec xfjj `fadh ec tmf |fpredr bei|paradh nd fbedeiab rqrtfi$ F^VAJA@PAVI  ‒ nr rtntf ec pfrt* n |erataed cpei xmabm tmfpf ar fatmfp de Adbfdtasf ep  de e||eptvdatq te iesf

XFJCNPF Iert fbedeiab ndnjqrar ar bedbfpdfo xatm tmf xfjcnpf nr|fbtr ec fbedeiab nbtasatq) mex te nbmaf nbmafsf sf ep e|taiv e|taivi i xfjcn xfjcnpf pf bedrta bedrtatv tvtfr tfr n inkep inkep |pe`j |pe`jfi fi$$ Nr xf detfo detfo ad |pfsa |pfsaev evr r bmn|tfpr* bmn|tfpr* tmf bedbf|t ar rtpnahmtcepxnpo rtpnahmtcepxnpo xmfpf edjq edf |fpred ar `fadh bedraofpfo ndo ar rqdedqievr xatm tmnt |fpred‑r xfjj `fadh$ @vt xmfd iepf tmnd edf adoasaovnj ar nt arrvf* nd e`kfbtasf ofcadataed ec n vda~vf e|taivi xfjcnpf |erataed cep tmf hpev| nr n xmejf `fbeifr ai|erra`jf* radbf rvbm n ofcadataed xevjo pf~vapf adtfp|fprednj bei|nparedr ec  rntarcnbtaed$ _mf \npfte e|tainj ratvntaed* ad xmabm de edf bnd `f inof `fttfp ecc  xatmevt ingadh  reifedf fjrf xeprf ecc* ar tmf `frt rejvtaed tmnt xf bnd nttnad $ _mfpf ar de vda~vf \npfte e|tainj ratvntaed cep n hpev|$ _mf xfjcnpf ec n hpev| ar ivbm iepf oaccabvjt te mndojf* bei|nparedr ec tmar rept pnarf rfpaevr |pe`jfir$ Mex bnd bmndhfr ad tmf xfjj `fadh ec oaccfpfdt |fpredr `f bei|npfo5 Ad reif r|fbacab bnrfr xf bnd ingf pevhm rv`kfbtasf kvohifdtr$ kvohifdtr$ _ngadh n Pfi`pndot nxnq cpei n beddearrfvp ec npt ndo hasadh at te n |fpred xme oefr det vdofprtndo ep snjvf npt xevjo rvpfjq pfovbf hpev| xfjcnpf$ Xf npf jfct xatm n hpev| xfjcnpf bedbf|t gdexd nr \npfte e|tainj ratvntaed f}artr xmfd de fsfd bnd adbpfnrf tmf xfjj `fadh ec reifedf fjrf te bedraofp tmf inttfp ad ndetmfp xnq* n ratvntaed ar det \npfte e|tainj ac edf ar te ingf |fpredr bnd `f inof `fttfp ecc xatmevt ingadh ndqedf fjrf xeprf ecc$ Ac n ratvntaed ar det det \npfte e|tainj* n iesfifdt texnpor at ‒ingadh nt jfnrt edf |fpred `fttfp ecc xatmevt ingadh ndqedf fjrf xeprf ecc)adbpfnrfr hpev| xfjcnpf$

F~vaja`pavi Bedbf|t ar ai|eptndt* det `fbnvrf f~vaja`pavi |erataed ar fsfp ad cnbt nttnadfo `vt `fbnvrf tmfrf bedbf|tr bedbf|tr rmex vr tmf oapfbtaed ad xmabm fbedeiab |pebfrrfr |pebfrrfr iesf$ Xmfd f~vaja`pavi f~vaja`pavi |erataedr npf vdrtn`jf* oartvp`ndbfr oartvp`ndbfr xajj bnvrf fbedeiab vdatr te iesf cnptmfp  nxnq cpei pntmfp tmnd texnpo rvbm |erataedr$

\nptanj f~vaja`pavi N jnphf jnphf |npt |npt ec tmf ndnjqta ndnjqtabn bnjj rtpvb rtpvbtvp tvpf f tmnt tmnt xf mnsf mnsf `vajt `vajt v| ar bnjjf bnjjfo o |npt |nptanj anj f~vaja`pavi ndnjqrar$ At mnr `ffd bedbfpdfo xatm tmf iesfifdtr ec adoasaovnj fbedeiab vdatr texnpo f~vaja`pavi |erataedr ad pfr|edrf te tmf hasfd fbedeiab bedoataedr bedcpedtadh tmfi$ _mvr* tmf bedrvifp* xatm hasfd tnrtfr ndo |pfcfpfdbfr* ar bedcpedtfo xatm n hasfd adbeif ndo xatm hasfd |pabfr ec heeor ndo rfpsabfr$ Fnbm bedrvifp nokvrtr mar ep mfp  \nhf > ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR |vpbmnrf nbbepoadhjq te iesf texnpo f~vaja`pavi$ _mf `vradfrr capi)cnbfo xatm hasfd |peovbt ofindo ratvntaedr)iesfr texnpo nd f~vaja`pavi nokvrtifdt$ _mf pfrevpbf exdfp  |errfrrfr hasfd ~vndtatafr ec pfrevpbfr te |jnbf ad fi|jeqifdt* cep xmabm tmfpf ar n hasfd njtfpdntasf njtfpdntasf fi|jeqifdt fi|jeqifdt |erra`ajatafr ndo pfrevpbf pfrevpbf |pabf eccfpr$ _mf f~vaja`pavi nokvrtifdt ar inof ed tmf `nrar ec tmf hasfd ontn$ Bmndhfr ad tmf hasfd ontn cnbadh fbedeiab vdatr ndo adovr adovrtpa tpafr fr njtfp njtfp tmf |erat |erataed aed ec f~vaj f~vaja` a`pav pavi i tmnt tmnt fnbm fnbm ar nttfi nttfi|ta |tadh dh te pfnbm pfnbm ndo ietasntf iesfifdtr texnpo tmf dfx |erataedr$ \nptanj f~vaja`pavi ar fr|fbanjjq rvatn`jf cep tmf ndnjqrar ec txe tq|fr ec |pe`jfir `etm ec xmabm xf mnsf ift taif ndo nhnad tmpevhm tmf `eeg$ \pe`jfir ec tmf caprt tq|f npf tmerf nparadh cpei fbedeiab oartvp`ndbfr tmnt npf det ec rvccabafdt inhdatvof te pfnbm cnp  ndo `fqedo tmf bedcadfr ec n hasfd adovrtpq ep rfbtep ec tmf fbedeiq$ \pe`jfir ec tmf rfbedo tq|f npf bedbfpdfo xatm tmf caprt epofp fccfbtr ec nd fbedeiab oartvp`ndbf ec ndq gado$ Nr nd ajjvrtpntaed ec tmf caprt gado ec tmf caprt |pe`jfi* rv||erf tmnt tmf |peovbtaed xepgfpr ec n rinjj indvcnbtvpfp ep |jnrtab |peovbtr he ed rtpagf$ Rv||erf cvptmfp tmnt tmf |jndt ar jebntfo ad n jnphf batq ndo tmnt tmf xepgfpr npf cnapjq xfjj oar|fprfo niedh tmf pfraofdtanj npfnr tmfpf$ _mf fccfbtr ec tmf rtpagf xajj `f jaiatfo jnphfjq te tmf bei|ndq ndo tmf fi|jeqfpr bedbfpdfo$ \nptanj f~vaja`pavi ndnjqrar xajj |pesaof tmf pfjfsndt ndrxfp te iert ec tmf fbedeiab |pe`jfir nparadh cpei tmf rtpagf$ Nr nd f}ni|jf ec tmf rfbedo tq|f ec |pe`jfi* rv||erfo tmnt n pfnpinifdt |pehpni adbpfnrfr adbpfnrfr tmf ofindo cep rtffj rvoofdjq ndo rv`rtndtanjjq$ rv`rtndtanjjq$ \nptanj f~vaja`pavi ndnjqrar xajj |pesaof ndrxfpr te tmf caprt epofp fccfbtr ed tmf rtffj adovrtpq) xmnt mn||fdr te fnbm |pabfr* evt|vt* ofindo cep pfrevpbfr* pfrevpbf |pabf ndo atr pfrevpbf fi|jeqifdtr jfsfjr$

Hfdfpnj F~vaja`pavi Hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi cep tmf fdtapf fbedeiq edjq f}artr ac njj fbedeiab vdatr xfpf te nbmafsf raivjtndfevr |nptanjr ep |nptabvjnp f~vaja`pavi nokvrtifdtr$

Hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi tmfepq |pesaofr tmf ndnjqtabnj teejr cep nbbei|jarmadh txe e`kfbtasfr; Cpei tmf rtndo |eadt ec |vpf tmfepq* at |pesaofr tmf Ifndr ec safxadh tmf fbedeiab rqrtfi ad fnbm fdtapftq$ _mf ifndr ec rffadh xmnt mejor at tehftmfp* tehftmfp* xmnt ingfr at xepgr* ndo mex at e|fpntf* At |fpiatr tmf oftfpiadntaed ec tmf rfbedo* tmapo ndo mahmfp epofp fccfbtr ec nd fbedeiab oartvp`ndbf$ \nhf 0 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR Rv||erfo Rv||erfo ec tmnt mahmfp)epofp pf|fpbvrraedr pf|fpbvrraedr cpei tmf adbpfnrf ad ofindo cep rtffj npf te `f f}niadfo$ f}niadfo$ _mf caprt epofp ep |nptanj* f~vaja`pavi fccfbtr npf mahmfp |pabfr* hpfntfp  evt |vtr xatm hasfd cnbajatafr* jnphfp |pecat* ndo mahmfp te tmf exdfpr ec pfrevpbfr vrfo ad ingadh ingadh rtffj$ rtffj$ _mar fccfbt fccfbt hfdfpnt hfdfpntfr fr nooataed nooataednj nj oartvp` oartvp`ndb ndbfr$ fr$ Mahmfp Mahmfp adbeifr adbeifr cep tmf pfrevpb pfrevpbf f exdfp exdfp adbpfnrf adbpfnrf tmf ofindo ofindo cep etmfp etmfp |peovbt* |peovbt* rfttadh ecc oartvp`n oartvp`ndbfr dbfr ndo nokvrtifdt ad etmfp adovrtpq$ Ofindo njre adbpfnrf cep rtffj rv`rtatvtf* hfdfpntadh ndetmfp  rfpafr ec oartvp`ndbfr ndo nokvrtifdtr$ Radbf hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi ndnjqrar besfpr tmf adtfppfjntaedrma|r niedh njj |nptr ec  tmf fbedeiq fbedeiq** at dfbfrrn dfbfrrnpajq pajq `fbeif `fbeifr r f}bffoad f}bffoadhjq hjq bei|jf} bei|jf}$$ _mfpf _mfpf npf txe |padba|n |padba|njj snpandtr ec at$ Ad tmf caprt edf* cejjexadh Jfed Xnjpnr iert fbedeiartr cado at bedsfdafdt te oarbvrr hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi ad intmfintabnj tfpir$ _mf adtfpof|fdofdbf ec fbedeiab vdatr ar rmexd tmpevhm n rqrtfi ec raivjtndfevr f~vntaed pfjntadh tmf indq fbedeiab snpan`jfr te edf edf ndetm ndetmfp fp tmf tmf xnjpn xnjpnra rand nd sfpra sfpraed ed ec hfdfpn hfdfpnjj f~vaj f~vaja`p a`pavi avi |pes |pesaof aofr r tmf frrfd frrfdtan tanjj tmfepftabnj n||npntvr cep vdofprtndoadh tmf adtfppfjntaedrma|r ec tmf snpaevr rfbtep ec tmf fbedeiq$ _mf rfbedo snpandt ec hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi ndnjqrar ar Xnrrajq X$Jfedtafc‑r ad|vt) evt|vt n||penbm ar nd fi|apabnj ofrbfdondtr ec tmf n`rtpnbt Xnjpnrand n||penbm$ At oasaofr tmf tmf fbede fbedeiq iq adte adte n dvi` dvi`fp fp ec rfbtep rfbtepr r ep adovr adovrtpa tpafr fr adbjv adbjvoad oadh h mevrf mevrfme mejor jor ndo ndo tmf tmf hesfpdifdt nr ‚adovrtpafr’ ec cadnj ofindo$ Fnbm adovrtpq ar safxfo nr rfjjadh atr evt|vt te etmfpr7 tmfrf evt|vtr `fbeif ad|vtr cep tmf |vpbmnradh adovrtpafr$ Jagfxarf* fnbm adovrtpq ar safxfo nr n |vpbmnrfp ec tmf evt|vtr ec etmfp adovrtpafr$ _mf nttnadifdt ec hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi ad nd fbedeiab rqrtfi oefr det ai|jq tmnt \npfte e|tainjatq ar njre nttnadfo$ N |pabf rqrtfi tfdor te iesf tmf fbedeiq texnpo hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi$ Mexfsfp* vdjfrr |vpf bei|ftataed f}art ad `etm |peovbt ndo pfrevpbf inpgftr* ndo vdjfrr tmfpf npf de f}tfpdnjatafr ebbvppadh* \npfte e|tainjjq xajj det cejjex$

_mf _mfepq ec Hfdfpnj F~vaja`pavi _mf Cpfdbm fbedeiq Jfed Xnjpnr ->=2?)>1>
Jaiatntaedr ec tmf Ieofj \nhf 2 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR _mf rai|jf ieofj mnr etmfp etmfp `vt jfrr rfpaevr rfpaevr jaiatntaedr jaiatntaedr77 tmf nrrvi|taed nrrvi|taed ec ca}fo ca}fo |peovbtaed befccabafdtr bnd `f pfiesfo ndo ad ivbm iepf adtpabntf ieofjr* pf|jnbfo xatm nd nrrvi|taed ec snpan`jf befccabafdtr$ Iepf bei|jabntfo ieofjr bnd njre `f bedrtpvbtfo te bedtnad adbpfnradh ndo ofbpfnradh pftvpdr te rnjf* iedfq ndo rfbvpatafr* ndo fsfd bfptnad cepir ec ai|fpcfbt bei|ftataed$

Vrfr ec Hfdfpnj F~vaja`pavi _mfepq _mf rai|jf hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi ieofj ar n ieofj ec n |pasntf fdtfp|parf rqrtfi nt pfrt* njj ec tmf bedrvifpr ndo |peovbfpr mnsadh inof tmfap `frt nokvrtifdtr$ Ad tmf oeinad ec tmf oarbvrraed ec fbedeiab ndo rebanj |majere|mafr ndo rqrtfir* tmf hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi ieofj ar tmf rtpedhfrt ec tmf rfpaevr nphvifdtr cep |pasntf fdtfp|parf ndo nhnadr nhnadrtt bejjfb bejjfbtas tasari ari `vt pfifi pfifi`fp `fp** in}ai in}aivi vi rntarc rntarcnb nbtae taed d ifnd ifndr r de iepf iepf tmnd tmnd tmf tmf in}aivi nttnadn`jf vdofp tmf bapbvirtndbfr* xmntfsfp tmfq iahmt `f$ _mf fbedeiq iahmt `f |eep* xatm ifnhfp pfrevpbfr* n |paiatasf inpgft ndo tmf fnhfp |vprvat ec rfjc  adtfpfrt* tmf |eep fbedeiq xevjo rtajj n||penbm tmf in}aivi rntarcnbtaed ec atr bedrvifpr tmnt ar bedrartfdt xatm atr jaiatfo pfrevpbfr$ Reif noiapfpr ec |pasntf fdtfp|parf iahmt det jagf tmf cntf ec `vradfrr |fe|jf ad tmf ieofj$ _mf fdtpf|pfdfvp‑r fdtpf|pfdfvp‑r ad Xnjpn‑r ieofj npf opedfr$ _mfq bedtpej de |pabfr* tmfq f}fpt de |exfp esfp etmfp |fpred7 tmfq cvjcaj de rebanj pfr|edra`ajatafr$ _mfq npf bei|fjjfo `q tmf rqrtfi ec |pabfr te `f fccabafdt te |peovbf nt tmf jexfrt nttnadn`jf bertr$ Adcnbt tmfap  radhvjnp cvdbtaed ar te `f addesntepr ndo parg tngfpr* fdtpf|pfdfvpr oe det f}art nt njj ad Xnjpn‑r ieofj$ Dfatmfp oe jn`ep jfnofpr$ Hfdfpnj f~vaja`pavi tmfepq mnr cvpdarmfo tmf bedbf|tvnj bedbf|tvnj cevdontaed cep ad|vt)evt|vt ad|vt)evt|vt ndnjqr ndnjqrar* ar* xmabm xmabm xnr xnr bpfn bpfntfo tfo `q Xnrr Xnrrajq ajq Jfedt Jfedtafc afc ec Mnpsn Mnpsnpo po Vdasf Vdasfpra pratq$ tq$ Ad|vt) Ad|vt)ev evt|v t|vtt ndnjqrar ar tmf rtntartabnj ifnrvpfifdt ec tmf ad|vt ndo evt|vtr ec njj adovrtpafr tngfd tehftmfp ad nd adtfpof|fdofdt rqrtfi ec beiieoatq cjex$

_mf Bedoataedr ec E|taivi Xfjcnpf E|taivi xfjcnpf bedoataedr ad nd fbedeiq npf vrvnjjq hpev|fo adte tmpff rftr$ >$! Bedrart ec tmf bedoataedr jfnoadh te in}aivi bedrvifp xfjcnpf xmfd rv||jafr ec heeor ndo rfpsabfr npf ca}fo 0$! Bedrart Bedrart ec tmf bedoataedr bedoataedr ec in}aivi in}aivi fccabafd fccabafdbq bq ad |peovbtaed* |peovbtaed* nrrviadh nrrviadh tmnt pfrevpbf rv||jafr npf ca}fo$ 2$! Bedrvifp Bedrvifp xfjcnpf ndo in}aivi in}aivi |peovbtasf fccabafdbq fccabafdbq npf `pevhmt tehftmfp tehftmfp te oftfpiadf bedoataedr vdofp xmabm tmf evt|vtr ec oaccfpfdt heeor ndo rfpsabfr npf e|tainj$

XFJCNPF

\nhf ? ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR V| vdtaj vdtaj dex dex xf mnsf mnsf cebvr cebvrfo fo ed bedr bedraof aofpn pntae taedr dr ec \npft \npfte e fccaba fccabafdb fdbq q ad fsnjv fsnjvnta ntadh dh fbed fbedei eiab ab njje njjebn bnta taed edr$ r$ @vt @vt tmfp tmfpf f npf npf etmf etmfpp ai|e ai|ept ptnd ndtt bedr bedrao aofp fpnt ntae aedr dr$$ At ivrt ivrt `f pfifi`fpfo tmnt \npfte fccabafdbq mnr detmadh te rnq n`evt tmf oartpa`vtaed ec xfjcnpf nbperr |fe|jf7 hasadh fsfpqtmadh te edf |fpred xajj tq|abnjjq `f \npfte fccabafdt$ @vt tmf pfrt ec vr iahmt det bedraofp tmar n pfnredn`jf njjebntaed$ Ad tmar bmn|tfp xf xajj adsfrtahntf reif tfbmda~vfr tmnt bnd `f vrfo te cepinja{f aofnr pfjntfo te tmf oartpa`vtaed ec xfjcnpf$ \npfte fccabafdbq ar ad atrfjc n ofrapn`jf henj) ac tmfpf ar reif xnq te ingf reif hpev| ec |fe|jf `fttfp ecc xatmevt mvptadh etmfp |fe|jf* xmq det oe at5 @vt tmfpf xajj vrvnjjq `f indq \npfte fccabafdt njjebntaedr7 mex bnd rebaftq bmeerf niedh tmfi5 _mf inkep cebvr ec tmar bmn|tfp xajj `f tmf aofn ec n xfjcnpf cvdbtaed* xmabm |pesaofr n xnq te ‚noo tehftmfp’ oaccfpfdt bedrvifprl vtajatafr$ Iepf hfdfpnjjq* n xfjcnpf cvdbtaed |pesaofr n xnq te pndg oaccfpfdt oartpa`vtaedr ec vtajatq niedh bedrvifpr$ @fcepf xf adsfrtahntf tmf ai|jabntaedr ec tmar bedbf|t* at ar xeptmxmajf bedraofpadh kvrt mex iahmt he n`evt ‚nooadh tehftmfp’ tmf adoasaovnj bedrvifprl |pfcfpfdbfr te bedrtpvbt reif gado ec ‚rebanj |pfcfpfdbfr$’

F]_FP F]_ FPDNJ DNJA_ A_AF AFR R; Xf bnd bnd rnq tmnt tmnt nd fbede fbedeiab iab ratvn ratvntae taed d adsej adsejsf sfr r n bedrvi|taed bedrvi|taed f}tfpdnjatq f}tfpdnjatq ac edf bedrvifp bedrvifp bnpfr oapfbtjq n`evt ndetmfp nhfdtlr |peovbtaed |peovbtaed ep bedrvi|taed$ bedrvi|taed$ Cep f}ni|jf* A mnsf ofcadatf |pfcfpfdbfr n`evt iq dfahm`ep ep |jnqadh jevo ivrab nt 2 ad tmf iepdadh* ep  tmf |fpred df}t te if ad n pfrtnvpndt riegadh n bmfn| bahnp* ep tmf nievdt ec |ejjvtaed |peov |peovbfo bfo `q jebnj jebnj nvtei nvteie` e`ajf ajfr$ r$ _mfrf _mfrf npf njj njj f}ni f}ni|jf |jfr r ec dfhn dfhntas tasf f bedr bedrvi vi|ta |taed ed f}tfpdnjatafr$ Ed tmf etmfp mndo* A inq hft |jfnrvpf cpei e`rfpsadh iq dfahm`eplr cjexfp  hnpofd)tmar ar nd f}ni|jf ec n |eratasf bedrvi|taed f}tfpdnjatq$ Raiajnpjq* n |peovbtaed |peovbtaed f}tfpdnjatq f}tfpdnjatq nparfr xmfd tmf |peovbtaed |erra`ajatafr ec edf capi npf adcjvfdbfo `q tmf bmeabfr ec ndetmfp capi ep bedrvifp$ N bjnrrab f}ni|jf ar tmnt ec  nd epbmnpo jebntfo df}t te n `eeggff|fp* xmfpf tmfpf npf ivtvnj |eratasf |peovbtaed f}tfpdn f}tfpdnjataf jatafr)f r)fnbm nbm capilr capilr |peovbt |peovbtaed aed |eratas |eratasfjq fjq nccfbtr nccfbtr tmf |peovbta |peovbtaed ed |erra`a |erra`ajata jatafr fr ec tmf etmfp capi$ Raiajnpjq* n carmfpq bnpfr n`evt tmf nievdt ec |ejjvtndtr ovi|fo adte atr carmadh npfn* radbf tmar xajj dfhntasfjq adcjvfdbf atr bntbm$ Ad fnpjafp bmn|tfpr xf rnx tmnt tmf inpgft ifbmndari xnr bn|n`jf ec nbmafsadh \npfte fccabafdt njjebntaedr xmfd f}tfpdnjatafr xfpf det |pfrfdt $Ac f}tfpdnjatafr npf |pfrfdt* tmf inpgft xajj det dfbfrrnpajq dfbfrrnpajq pfrvjt ad n \npfte fccabafdt |pesaraed ec pfrevpbfr$ Mexfsfp* tmfpf npf etmfp rebanj adrtatvtaedr rvbm nr tmf jfhnj rqrtfi ep hesfpdifdt adtfpsfdtaed adtfpsfdtaed tmnt bnd ‚iaiab’ tmf inpgft ifbmndari te reif ofhpff ndo tmfpf`q nbmafsf \npfte fccabafdbq$ \nhf 6 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR Iq dfahm`ep inq `fjafsf tmnt mf mnr tmf pahmt te |jnq mar tpvi|ft nt 2 ad tmf iepdadh* ndo A inq `fjafsf tmnt A mnsf tmf pahmt te rajfdbf$ N capi inq `fjafsf tmnt at mnr tmf pahmt te ovi| |ejjvtnd |ejjvtndtr tr adte tmf ntier|mfpf ntier|mfpf tmnt A `pfntmf `pfntmf** xmajf xmajf A inq `fjafsf `fjafsf tmnt at oefrd‑t$ oefrd‑t$ Bnrfr xmfp xmfpf f |pe| |pe|fp fptq tq pahm pahmtr tr npf npf |eep |eepjq jq ofca ofcadf dfo o bnd bnd jfno jfno te nd adfc adfcca caba bafd fdtt |peo |peovb vbta taed ed ec  f}tfpdnjatafr)xmabm ifndr tmnt tmfpf xevjo `f xnqr te ingf `etm |nptafr adsejsfo `fttfp  ecc `q bmndhadh tmf |peovbtaed ec f}tfpdnjatafr$ Ac |pe|fptq pahmtr npf xfjj ofcadfo* ndo ifbmndarir npf ad |jnbf te njjex cep dfhetantaed `ftxffd |fe|jf* tmfd |fe|jf bnd tpnof tmfap pahmtr te |peovbf f}tfpdnjatafr ad tmf rnif xnq tmnt tmfq tpnof pahmtr te |peovbf ndo bedrvif epoadnpq heeor$

\PFCFPFDBFR _mf fbedeiab ieofj ec bedrvifp `fmnsaep ar sfpq rai|jf; |fe|jf bmeerf tmf `frt tmadhr tmfq bnd nccepo$ _mar bmn|tfp xajj `f ofsetfo te bjnpacqadh tmf fbedeiab bedbf|t ec ‚`frt tmadhr$’ Xf bnjj tmf e`kfbtr ec bedrvifp bmeabf bedrvi|taed `vdojfr $_mar $ _mar ar n bei|jftf jart ec tmf heeor ndo rfpsabfr tmnt npf adsejsfo ad tmf bmeabf |pe`jfi tmnt xf tmnt xf npf adsfrtahntadh$ _mf xepo ‚bei|jftf’ ofrfpsfr fi|mnrar; xmfd qev ndnjq{f n bedrvifplr bmeabf |pe`jfi* |pe`jfi* ingf rvpf tmnt qev adbjvof njj ec tmf n||pe|pantf n||pe|pantf heeor ad tmf ofcadataed ec  tmf bedrvi|taed `vdojf$ Ac xf npf ndnjq{adh bedrvifp bmeabf nt tmf `penofrt jfsfj* xf xevjo xndt det edjq n bei|jftf jart ec tmf heeor tmnt n bedrvifp iahmt bedrvif* `vt njre n ofrbpa|taed ec xmfd* xmfpf* ndo vdofp xmnt bapbvirtndbfr bapbvirtndbfr tmfq xevjo `fbeif nsnajn`jf$ Nctfp njj* |fe|jf bnpf n`evt mex ivbm ceeo tmfq xajj mnsf teieppex nr xfjj nr mex ivbm ceeo tmfq mnsf teonq$

_mf Bedoat Bed oataedr aedr ec E|ta E |taivi ivi Xfjcnpf Xfj cnpf ; E|taivi xfjcnpf bedoataedr ad nd fbedeiq npf vrvnjjq hpev|fo adte tmpff rftr$ _mf caprt bedrartr ec tmf bedoataedr jfnoadh te in}aivi bedrvifp xfjcnpf xmfd rv||jafr ec  heeor ndo rfpsabfr npf ca}fo$ _mf rfbedo bedrartr ec tmf bedoataedr ec in}aivi fccabafdbq ad |peovbtaed* nrrviadh tmnt pfrevpbf rv||jafr npf ca}fo$ Ad tmf tmapo* bedrvifp xfjcnpf ndo in}aivi |peovbtasf fccabafdbq npf `pevhmt tehftmfp te oftfpiadf bedoataedr vdofp  xmabm tmf evt|vtr ec oaccfpfdt heeor ndo rfpsabfr npf e|tainj$

In}aivi Bedrvifp Xfjcnpf; Xfjcnpf ; Ca}fo Ca }fo Rv||jafr Rv| |jafr ; _mf bedoataedr ec in}aivi xfjcnpf bedrvifp xatm ca}fo rv||jafr ec heeor ndo rfpsabfr |fp taif vdat npf ajjvrtpntfo ad tmf txe)heeo* txe)|fpred ieofj ec Cahvpf =?$ Ac tmf oartpa`vtaed ec heeor ] ndo Q `ftxffd tmf txe bedrvifpr N ndo @ ar adatanjjq ecc tmf bedtpnbt bvpsf nt reif |eadt rvbm nr O* f}bmndhfr bnd `f inof tmnt xajj adbpfnrf tmf xfjcnpf ec fatmfp fatmfp xatmevt ofbpfnradh ofbpfnradh tmnt ec tmf etmfp$ N iesfifdt iesfifdt cpei oartpa`vtaed oartpa`vtaed O te \nhf 3 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR oartpa`vtaed oartpa`vtaed F adbpfnrfr adbpfnrfr tmf xfjcnpf ec `etm$ Edbf n bedtpnbt bvpsf oartpa`vtaed ar nbmafsfo* nbmafsfo* ndq cvptmfp f}bmndhfr bnd `fdfcat edjq edf bedrvifp nt tmf f}|fdrf ec tmf etmfp$ Ndq |eadt ed tmf bedtpnbt bvpsf pf|pfrfdtr n \npfte e|tainj oartpa`vtaed ec ] ndo Q `ftxffd tmf txe bedrvifpr$ Fnbm rvbm |eadt ar ofcadfo `q tmf bedoataed tmnt IPR}q

9

IPR}q

_mar _mar bedo bedoat atae aed d bnd bnd `f f}tf f}tfdo do te nr indq indq heeo heeor r ndo ndo rfps rfpsab abfr fr ndo ndo nr indq indq bedrvifpr nr tmfpf ad tmf fbedeiq$

Cahvpf =? E|taivi Bedrvifp Xfjcnpf; Ca}fo Rv||jafr

Reiftaifr tmfpf npf f}tfpdnjatafr adsejsfo ad tmf bedrvi|taed ec n heeo rfpsabf$ Nd f}tfpdnjatq ad bedrvi|taed ebbvpr ac tmf bedrvi|taed ec n heeo `q reifedf fjrf nccfbtr tmf jfsfj ec rntarcnbtaed rntarcnbtaed nttnadfo `q ndq hasfd bedrvifp$ Rv||erf cep f}ni|jf* tmnt N ndo @ npf dfahm`epr* tmnt N adbpfnrfr mfp rtfpfe bn|nbatq ndo tmnt @ xmerf ivrabnj tnrtf |npnjjfj tmerf ec N* bnd dex mfnp ndo fdkeq tmf ivrab rmf |jnqr$ @ pfbfasfr nd f}tfpdnj `fdfcat cpei Nlr bedrvi|taed)mar rft ec adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr `ftxffd ivrab ndo etmfp  heeor ndo rfpsabfr ar rmactfo adxnpo texnpo tmf epahad ec mar adoaccfpfdbf bvpsf in|$ Ed tmf etmfp mndo* tmf f}tfpdnjatq bevjo mnsf e|fpntfo ad tmf e||eratf oapfbtaed; tmf ivrab |jnqfo |jnqfo `q N bevjo bevjo mnsf nddeq nddeqfo fo @* adtfpcfp adtfpcfpadh adh xatm xatm mar rjff| rjff| ndo ndo rmactadh rmactadh mar mar rft ec  adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr `ftxffd ivrab ndo etmfp heeor ndo rfpsabfr evtxnpo cpei tmf epahad ec mar adoaccfpfdbf in|$ Xmfd nd f}tfpdnjatq ad bedrvi|taed ebbvpr* xf bnd de jedhfp `f rvpf tmnt n |eadt ed tmf bedtpnb bedtpnbtt bvpsf bvpsf rvbm nr F ad Cahvpf Cahvpf =6 ar \npf \npfte te e|tai e|tainj$ nj$ Rv||er Rv||erf f tmnt tmnt @lr @lr \nhf 8 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR rntarcnbtaed ar fdmndbfo `q Nlr adbpfnrfo |vpbmnrf ec ivrab san nd f}|ndraed ec rtfpfe bn|nbatq$ Nd f}bmndhf ec etmfp heeor ndo rfpsabfr cep oartpa`vtaed C xevjo det bmndhf Nlr jfsfj ec rntarcnbtaed$ Rv||erf tmnt tmf f}tfpdnj `fdfcatr tmnt @ pfbfasfr cpei Nlr adbpfnrfo bedrv bedrvi| i|tae taed d ec ivrab ivrab rmact rmactr r te @lr @lr adoacc adoaccfpf fpfdbf dbf bvpsfr bvpsfr texnp texnpo o epaha epahad d ^` re tmnt tmnt tmf tmf rntarcn rntarcnbtae btaed d jfsfj cepifpjq cepifpjq pf|pfrf pf|pfrfdtfo dtfo `q V`$ Nt |eadt C* @ xajj `f nt mahmfp mahmfp jfsfj ec  rntarcnbtaed* pf|pfrfdtfo `q V* tmnd `fcepf7 radbf Nlr rntarcnbtaed mnr det `ffd jfrrfdfo* `q xfjcnpf ec tmf txe bedrvifpr bei`adfo ar hpfntfp tmnd at xnr nt |eadt F$

Cahvpf =6 F}tfpdnjatafr ad Bedrvi|taed

_mf Bedoataedr ec Fccabafdbq; De F}tfpdnjatafr In}a In}aiv ivi i fcca fccaba bafd fdbq bq ad |peo |peovb vbta taed ed pfcf pfcfpr pr te \npf \npfte te e|ta e|tain inja jatq tq ad |peo |peovb vbta taed ed |pebfrrfr$ Hasfd tmf rv||jafr ec pfrevpbfr nsnajn`jf* tmfrf ivrt `f njjebntfo niedh tmf |peovbtaed ec heeor ndo rfpsabfr ad rvbm n xnq tmnt tmf |peovbtaed ec ndq edf heeo bnddet `f adbpfnrfo vdjfrr tmf |peovbtaed ec ndetmfp ofbpfnrfo$ _mf bedoataedr ec fccabafdbq npf ajjvrtpntfo ad tmf txe)pfrevpbf* txe)|peovbt ieofj ec  Cahvpf =3$ Ca}fo rv||jafr rv||jafr ec pfrevpbfr pfrevpbfr N ndo @ npf vrfo ad tmf |peovbtaed ec |peovbtr |peovbtr ] ndo Q$ Ndq oartpa`vtaed ec pfrevpbfr `ftxffd tmf txe |peovbtr tmnt jaf ed tmf bedtpnbt bvpsf* rvbm nr tmnt nt F* ar iepf fccabafdt tmnd ad ndq oartpa`vtaed det ed tmnt bvpsf* rvbm nr tmnt nt D$ Hasfd ndq adatanj oartpa`vtaed rvbm nr D* tmf evt|vt ec fatmfp |peovbt bnd `f adbpfnrfo xatm de rnbpacabf ec tmf etmfp$ At ar njre |erra`jf te adbpfnrf tmf evt|vtr ec `etm \nhf = ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR |peovbtr `q njjebntadh iepf N ndo jfrr @ te tmf evt|vt ec Q* tmvr iesadh cpei D te F$ Xatm ndq oartpa`vtaed rvbm nr F* dfatmfp |peovbtlr evt|vt bnd `f adbpfnrfo vdjfrr reif ec tmf etmfp ar rnbpacabfo$ Ndq |eadt ed tmf bedtpnbt bvpsf pf|pfrfdtr n in}aivi fccabafdbq njjebntaed ec pfrevpbfr$ _mf bedoataed tmnt oftfpiadfr ndq rvbm |eadt ar tmnt IP_Rn`

9

IP_RQn`

_mfrf bedoataedr bnd `f f}|ndofo te adbjvof nr indq pfrevpbfr ndo nr indq heeor ndo rfpsabfr nr f}art ad tmf fbedeiq$ _mf adcadatf dvi`fp ec fccabafdtjq |peovbfo bei`adntaedr ec ] ndo Q rmexd `q tmf bedtpnbt bvpsf ec Cahvpfp =3 npf njre rmexd `q tmf tpndrcepintaed bvpsf ec Cahvpf =8$ Cep  fsfpq bei`adntaed ec ] ndo Q ed tmf tpndrcepintaed bvpsf* pfrevpbfr npf njjebntfo te fnbm |peovbt ad tmf e|tainj bei`adntaedr$ _mf tpndrcepintaed bvpsf ar ectfd n||pe|pantfjq bnjjfo tmf |peovbtaed |erra`ajatafr bvpsf$ Atr rje|f nt ndq |eadt ifnrvpfr tmf pntf nt xmabm edf |peovbt ivrt `f hasfd v| te e`tnad nd nooataednj vdat ec tmf jn`ep* tmnt ar* tmf IP_$

Cahvpf =3 E|taivi \peovbtasf Fccabafdbq

F]_FPDNJA_AFR Bnd nparf `ftxffd |peovbfpr* `ftxffd bvrteifpr* ep `ftxffd `etm tmf |peovbfpr ndo tmf bvrteifpr$ Ar n bedrf~v bedrf~vfdbf fdbf ec nd fbedeia fbedeiab b nbtasatq nbtasatq tmnt ar f}|fpaf f}|fpafdbf dbfo o `q vdpfjntf vdpfjntfo o tmapo tmapo |nptafr$ |nptafr$ F}tfpdnja F}tfpdnjatafr tafr npf det pfcjfbtfo pfcjfbtfo ad inpgft inpgft |pabfr* |pabfr* tmfq tmfq bnd `f n revpbf revpbf ec  fbedeiab adfccabafdbq xmfd |peovbadh capir oe det tngf adte nbbevdt tmf mnpi nrrebantfo xatm dfhntasf nbtasatafr$ Revpbf; adsfrte|foan

Nd f}tfpdnjatq bnd `f fatmfp |eratasf ep dfhntasf$ Dfhntasf F}tfpdnjatafr ‒ Ebbvpr xmfd nbtaed ec edf |nptq ai|erfr bertr te etmfp |nptq$

\nhf 1 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR F}ni|jf; ->! \ejjvtae \ejjvtaed d fiattfo fiattfo `q n cnbtepq cnbtepq tmnt r|eajr r|eajr tmf rvppevdoad rvppevdoadh h fdsaped fdsapedifd ifdtt ndo nccfbtr tmf mfnjtm ec dfnp`q pfraofdtr ar nd f}ni|jf ec n dfhntasf f}tfpdnjatq$ -0! Xmfd n |peovbadh |jndt ec rtffj ovi|r tmfap xnrtf ad n pasfp `nrad

xmabm carmfp cejgr ar of|fdofdt ed tmfap onajq bntbm ec carm cep tmfap onajq jasadh7 |peovbadh |jndt mnr de adbfdtasf te nbbevdt cep tmf f}tfpdnj bert tmnt tmfq ai|erfr ed tmf nccfbtfo carmfpifd xmfd ingadh atr |peovbtaed ofbaraed$ Rv||erf* tmnt n txe xnq jndf mahmxnq npf vrfo `q tmf |peovbfpr |peovbfpr ec  -2! Rv||erf* nvte nvteie ie`a `ajf jfr* r* |peo |peovb vbfp fpr r ec bnd bnd heeo heeor r ndo ndo etmf etmfpp indv indvcn cnbt btvp vpad adh h adovrtpa adovrtpafr* fr* ndo etmfp etmfp inpgftad inpgftadh h revpbfr revpbfr cep ofjasfp ofjasfpadh adh tmfap tmfap heeor heeor te bedrvifpr \eratasf F}tfpdnjatafr ‒ Xmfd tmf nbtaed ec edf |nptq `fdfcatr ndetmfp |nptq$ F}ni|jf; N |eratasf f}tfpdnjatq ar tmf fccfbt ec n xfjj)fovbntfo jn`ep cepbf ed tmf |peovbtasatq ec n bei|ndq$ _mf fccfbtr ec F}tfpdnjatafr; Ac f}tfpdnjatafr ebbvp ad tmf |peovbtaed ec n heeo ndo rfpsabfr* tmf bedtpnbt bvpsf inq de jedhfp rmex tmf bedoataedr ec in}aivi fccabafdbq$ Cvptmfpiepf* tmfpf ar de inpgft ad xmabm tmfrf f}tfpdnj bertr bnd `f pfcjfbtfo ad tmf |pabf ec heeor ndo rfpsabfr$ Edf ec tmf beiied f}ni|jfr ar tmf bedoataed ec \maja||adf peno dftxepg -Inkep Mahmxnqr* rfbedonpq peno ndo etmfp cepi ec penor!;

\nhf >< ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR Etmfp Pfrevpbfr

^

|fp vdat ec taif

n

n 0 Mahmxnq Cnbajatafr |fp Vdat ec   _aif

Mahmxnq Cnbajatafr |fp Vdat ec   _aif n > F

C

^x Etmfp Pfrevpbfr |fp vdat ec taif

Rv||erf* Rv||erf* |peovbfpr |peovbfpr ec nvteie` nvteie`ajfr ajfr** |peovbf |peovbfpr pr ec bnd heeor ndo |peovbfpr |peovbfpr ec  |pebfr |pebfrrf rfo o ifnt ifnt |peov |peovbtr btr vrfo vrfo tmf tmf txe xnq xnq jndf jndf mahm mahmxnq xnq nt tmf tmf rnif rnif taif taif xatme xatmevt vt bedraofpntaed xatm etmfp peno vrfpr7 vrfpr7 tfdofdb tfdofdbafr afr npf* bedhfrtae bedhfrtaed d ad tmf mahmxnq mahmxnq ar adfsatn` adfsatn`jf jf ndo xajj bnvrf tpndr|eptntaed ofjnqr ad tmf ofjasfpq heeor ndo etmfp rfpsabfr$ _mf inphadnj pntf ec tfbmdabnj rv`rtatvtaed `ftxffd mahmxnq cnbajatafr ndo etmfp pfrevpbfr ar tmf rnif nt |eadt ‚F’$ _mar oartpa`vtaed ep njjebntaed ec pfrevpbfr ar det e|tainj$ Ac edf capi ofbpfnrfr tmfap vrnhf ec mahmxnq cnbajatafr cnbajatafr `q vradh etmfp njtfpdntasf peno* |peovbtaed |peovbtasatq ec mahmxnq cnbajatafr ndo tmf pfinadadh capir vradh tmf rnif cnbajatafr xajj tfdo te adbpfnrf |pesaofo tmnt tmfq inadtnadfo tmfap evt|vt jfsfj$

Fccabafdbq Fccab afdbq ad F}bmndhf F}b mndhf ; Njjebntaed ec heeor ad xmabm de edf bnd `f inof `fttfp ecc vdjfrr reifedf fjrf ar inof xeprf ecc$ + Revpbf; +Iabpefbedeiabr `q; P$ \adoqbg # O$ Pv`adcafjo \nhf >> ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR _mf e|taivi oartpa`vtaedr ec tmf txe beiieoatafr `ftxffd txe |fpredr$ ‚Jft ‚Jft vr nrrvi nrrvif f tmnt tmnt txe txe |fpre |fpredr dr fdhnh fdhnhf f ad `nptf `nptfpp tpndrn tpndrnbta btaed edr r ad tmf n`rfdbf n`rfdbf ec iedfq iedfq ndo |pabfr$ |pabfr$ Ar tpnof tpnof ep f}bmnd f}bmndhf hf njxnqr njxnqr ivtvnjjq  ivtvnjjq  nosndtnhfevr5’  Dnif ec  Adoasaovnj Gntmq Knaif

Njjebntaed -A -Adatanj! Ceeo 2 8

Bjetmadh 6 >

F}bmndhf Ceeo > )>

Bjetmadh )> >

Njjebntaed -C -Cadnj! Ceeo ? 3

Bjetmadh ? 0

Nr n pvjf* sejvdtnpq tpnof `ftxffd txe |fe|jf ep txe bevdtpafr ar ivtvnjjq `fdfcabanj >$

Ac tpnof ar `fdfcabanj* xmabm tpnofr bnd ebbvp5 Xmabm ec tmerf tpnofr xajj njjebntf heeor fccabafdtjq niedh bvrteifpr5 Mex ivbm `fttfp ecc xajj bedrvifpr tmfd `f5

_mf FOHFXEP_M @E] Oanhpni Rmexadh njj |erra`jf njjebntaedr ec fatmfp txe heeor `ftxffd txe |fe|jf ep txe ad|vtr `ftxffd |peovbtaed |pebfrrfr$ Ajjvrtpntaed >

\nhf >0 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR Gntmq(r Ceeo >< C

? C

EG 

2 C

3B Knaif‑r Bjetmad h

Bjetmad h @

0 B

?B ' >B

> B

6B ) >C

N 3 B

E K Detf;

Knaif‑r

Ceeo

3 C

8 C

>< C

Fnbm |eadt ad tmf Fohfxeptm Fohfxeptm `e} raivjtndfevr raivjtndfevrjq jq pf|pfrfdtr pf|pfrfdtr Knaif‑r ndo Gntmq‑r Gntmq‑r inpgft `nrgftr ec ceeo ndo bjetmadh$ Nt |eadt N* Knaif mnr 8 vdatr ec ceeo ndo > vdat ec bjetmadh7 ndo Gntmq mnr 2 vdatr ec ceeo ndo 6 vdatr ec bjetmadh$

>

Fccabafdt Fccab afdt Njjebn N jjebntaedr taedr ; N tpnof cpei |eadt N te |eadt @ tmvr inof `etm -Knaif # Gntmq! `fttfp ecc$ @vt ar |eadt @ nd fccabafdt njjebntaed5 Ndrxfp; At ar of|fdor ed xmftmfp Knaif # Gntmq‑r IPR npf nt tmf rnif nt @* xmabm of|fdor ad tvpd ed tmf rmn|f ec tmfap adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr$ Ad tmf ajjvrtpntaed `fjex rmex rfsfpnj adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr cep `etm Knaif # Gntmq$ _mfap njjebntaed 0 npf ifnrvpfo cpei tmf EK* Knaif‑r adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr npf opnxd ad tmf vrvnj xnq xmajf cep Gntmq* at xnr petntfo tmf adoaccfpfdbf adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr e||eratf ->=< ofhpffr! ec Knaif* re tmnt tmf epahad ar nt tmf v||fp pahmt mndo bepdfp ec tmf `e}$ Gntmq‑r adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr npf bedsf}* xmajf Knaif adoaccfpfdbf bvpsfr npf bedbnsf$

Ajjvrtpntaed 0 >< C

Gntmq(r Ceeo

EB

> _mfpf npf rfsfpnj ratvntaedr ad xmabm tpnof inq det `f nosndtnhfevr$ Caprt* jaiatfo adcepintaed inq jfno |fe|jf te `fjafsf tmnt tpnof xajj ingf tmfi `fttfp ecc xmfd ad cnbt at xajj det$ Rfbedo* |fe|jf inq `f befpbfo adte ingadh tpnofr* fatmfp `q |mqrabnj tmpfntr ep `q tmf tmpfnt ec cvtvpf fbedeiab pf|parnjr$ _mapo* `nppafpr te cpff tpnof bnd reiftaifr |pesaof n rtpntfhab nosndtnhf te n bevdtpq$ 0

Fsfd ac n tpnof cpei nd adfccabafdt njjebntaed ingfr `etm |fe|jf `fttfp ecc* tmf dfx njjebntaed ar det dfbfrrnpajq fccabafdt$

\nhf >2 ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn

FBEDEIABR NDNJQRAR

3B

Gntmq( r Bjetma dh

 Knaif(r Bjetmad h

3B EK Detf;

Knaif‑r Ceeo

>
_mf Fohfxeptm Fohfxeptm `e} ajjvrtpnt ajjvrtpntfr fr tmf |erra`ajata |erra`ajatafr fr cep `etm bedrvifpr bedrvifpr te adbpfnrf adbpfnrf tmfap tmfap rntarcnbtaed rntarcnbtaed `q tpnoad tpnoadh h heeor$ heeor$ Ac  ‚ N’  tmf adatan adatanjj njjebn njjebntae taed d ec pfrevp pfrevpbfr bfr** tmf rmnofo rmnofo npfn npfn ofrbpa ofrbpa`fr `fr njj ivtvnj ivtvnjjq jq `fdfcabanj tpnofr$

\nhf >? ec >?

P$ _njn % J$ Ofjn Bpv{ % I$O$ Knpndajjn