ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Single Bevel Groove Weld with Broad Root Face
Single U Groove Weld
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Single J Groove Weld
Backing Weld
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Fillet Weld
Plug / Slot Weld
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Spot Weld
Seam Weld
ELEMENTARY WELD SYMBOLS Edge Weld
Surfacing
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Weld Profile
Flat
Convex
Concave
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS
M Toes blended smoothly
Permanent Backing Strip
MR Removable Backing Strip
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Peripheral Welds
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Site welds
SUPPLEMENTARY SYMBOLS Tail Optional)
Sequence of Information in the Tail •
Process (as per ISO 4063)
•
Acceptance Level (as per ISO 5817 or ISO 10042)
•
Working Position (as per ISO 6947)
• Filler Materials (as per ISO 544 or ISO 2560 or ISO 3581)
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Method of representation
Reference Line (Continuous) Arrow Line
Reference Line (Dashed)
Weld Joint
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Arrow Side
Arrow Side
Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Other Side
Arrow Side
Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Other Side
Other Side
Arrow Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on the Arrow Side
Other Side
Arrow Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Which is the Other Side in this case? Side B
Side A
Side C
Side D
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Welding on both Sides
Arrow Side
Other Side
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Symmetric Welding on both Sides
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints
OR
EXAMPLES OF APPLICATION Pointing of Arrows for Bevel and J Joints
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Butt Joints
l
s
l
s
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Fillet Welds
z5
l
5 5
a5
l 5
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Fillet Welds
a
a
a
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Intermittent Fillet Welds
z
n x l (e)
z
n x l (e)
l
(e)
l
(e)
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Staggered Intermittent Fillet Welds
z
n x l (e)
z
n x l (e)
l
(e)
l
(e)
l
(e)
l
(e)
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Spot Weld d
n (e)
e d
e
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Seam Weld d
n x l (e)
l
e d
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Plug Weld d
n (e)
e d
e
DIMENSIONING OF WELDS Slot Weld d
n x l (e)
l
e d
WELD JOINT DESIGN
Edge Preparation - Need Poor penetration Poor strength
Good penetration Good strength (100% joint efficiency)
Edge Preparation Factors which influence choice of edge preparation - Thickness - Material - Welding process - Extent of penetration required - Welding distortion - Cost
Basic Joint Types butt lap
tee
corner edge
Basic Weld Types Groove welds
Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld
Applicable Welds for Butt joint Square Groove weld
Bevel Groove weld
J Groove weld
V Groove weld
U Groove weld
Applicable Welds for Butt joint Double V Groove weld
Double U Groove weld
Double Bevel Groove weld
Double J Groove weld
Applicable Welds for Tee joint
Applicable Welds for Lap joint Fillet weld
Plug / slot weld
Spot / seam weld
Applicable Welds for Corner Joint
Applicable Welds for Edge Joint Edge weld
Butt joint Square Groove weld
Root gap
Butt joint Single V Groove weld Groove angle α
Root face Root gap
Weld Reinforcement
Correct reinforcement
Excess reinforcement
Minimum cost
High cost
Good joint strength
Poor joint strength
Under reinforcement
Poor joint strength
Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration Weld from face side
Back gouging
Back weld
Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration
Backing weld
Back gouging
Butt joint – Complete Joint penetration (welding from one side) TIG / SMAW welding
Consumable guide
Butt Joint – Double V groove Double V groove
Less weld metal Less distortion Higher edge preparation cost Better for thickness > 20 mm
Single V groove
More weld metal More distortion Lower edge preparation cost Better for thickness < 20 mm
Butt Joint – U groove Groove angle Root radius Root face Root gap Good access at the root Less weld metal Higher edge preparation cost Better for thickness > 40 mm
Butt Joint – Bevel groove Single bevel groove
Bevel angle 40 to 50° Difficult to approach the root Weld defects
Double bevel groove
Back gouging to remove root defects Good weld quality
Butt Joint – J groove
Good access at the root Back gouging and back welding to get good weld quality Less weld metal Higher edge preparation cost
Tee Joint – Full strength joint In a full strength joint, leg = 0.75 x thickness
throat = 0.707 x leg leg = 1.414 x throat leg
throat
leg
Tee Joint – Full penetration joint
45° or 60°
leg = throat
leg = throat
Tee Joint
Actual throat Theoretical throat
AWS D 1.1 recommendation when gap > 1.6 mm – to increase leg size of fillet by the amount of gap
Lap Joint
overlap AWS D 1.1 recommendation Overlap = 5 x thickness (1 inch minimum) Gap between mating faces = 1.6 mm max
