Wargames Illustrated 296

T h e W O R L D ’ S P R E M I E R TA B L E T O P G A M I N G M A G A Z I N E

GIANT THE

‘45

TABLES Bonnie Prince Charlie’ss gamble Charlie’ for the throne of England

Napoleon’s Swiss Troops

Issue 296 - june 2012 £4.50 • €6.50 US $8.50 • Aus $12.00 ISSN

0957-6444 06

9 7 70 70 95 95 7 6 4 4 1 2 1

hellcats on the prowl Collecting a Tank Destroyer Company 

return to sedgemoor  Creating the Royalist army 

 wooden oaths oaths  Action from the the new SAGA supplement

p l u s : p i k e a n d s h o t t e , m a t t pa pa r k e s p a i n t s A N D m u c h M O R E !

FEATURED

 warga  war ga me s il lus tr ate ated d is su e wi 296, ju ne 20 2012 12

THIS MONTH

From the editor  For me this issue of Wargames Illustrated  has   has an element of nostalgia about it: the Jacobite Rebellion of 1745 was the first historical wargames period I gamed. After several trips up to Scotland with my best mate, tramping over heather, camping under the stars and getting soaked to the bone on many occasions, we managed to take in most of the sights associated with the Young Pretender and his rebellion against the British throne in 1745-46.

OF ARMIES AND MYTHS 10

My exploration of the Highlands and Islands gave me a taste for wargaming the ‘45 rebellion which has been reignited whilst piecing together the theme content for this issue. Author, re-enactor re-enactor and gamer Andrew Bamford has contributed all the material for this month’s theme and I’m sure, like myself, you will be impressed by the way he has cut through much of the myth and romance that surrounds The 45’ and brought us some great wargaming content which will prove both inspirational for those of you who have never gamed the period and vital for those of you who have been looking for a no-nonsense gaming guide to the period. Outside of our theme content we have over sixty pages of other content including Flames Of War in the Lorraine, an extract from the new Warlord Games Pike and Shotte book, a Cold Wars show report and a playtest of the new SAGA: Northern Fury scenario.

HELLCATS ON THE PROWL ........................ 18

P.S. We had such a lot of quality material for this month’s theme, we couldn’t quite cram it all in this magazine, so look to next month’s issue for the concluding two articles; the battles of Falkirk and Culloden. Dan Faulconbridge UK Editor

This month’s cover illustration is ‘Charge of the Highlanders’ by Mark Churms. A print of this great painting, along with many others, is available to purchase from Mark’s website. Check out his advert on page 76 for more information. The Bonnie Prince Charlie figure on the cover is by Warlord Games, painted by Matt Parkes, and the Napoleonic Swiss are by Foundry, painted by Tom Weiss. The Front Rank Figurines Highlanders below are from the collection of the mighty Tim Adcock. Adcock.

MEANWHILE, BACK IN SCOTLAND .......................... 52

bedding in ............... ........................ ......... 62 Produced in the United Kingdom, New Zealand and the United States of America

Unit 26 Whitemoor Court Industrial Estate Nottingham. NG8 5BY United Kingdom Copyright © Wargames Illustrated 2012

The Wargames Illustrated team: Daniel Faulconbridge, Dave Taylor, Ian Bennett, Robert Townsend and Matt Parkes. The Battlefront Miniatures Studio team: Tim Adcock, Evan Allen, James Brown,

Blake Coster, Casey Davies, Sean Goodison, Mark Hazell, Michael Haught, Victor Pesch, Chris Townley, Wayne Turner and Phil Yates. Managing Editor: John-Paul Brisigotti. Printed in the U.K. by: Warners PLC. Marketing by: Comag Magazine Marketing www.comag.co.uk

FEATURED THIS MONTH

contents

pike and shoTte: Pavia .............. 69

Theme content is shown in blue.

We’ve teamed up with Warlord Games to bring you an extract from their new Pike and Shotte rulebook  rulebook (the latest latest from the Black Powder stable). This scenario, and report for the Battle of Pavia 1525, will act as the perfect introduction to the rules.

of armies and myths ................ ................ 10

Our Jacobite Rebellion 1745 theme content begins with an examination of the two opposing armies which took part in the conflict. You will also find some useful information on figures, rules and reference material for the campaign in this article. hellcats on the prowl ............ 18

With the Flames Of War supplement  Blood, Guts, and Glory recently released, Sean Goodison’s interest in WWII Tank Destroyers was reignited. In this article he discusses collecting a Tank Destroyer army. The what-ifs abound ................ 26

The Jacobite invasion of England contained a number of historical and ‘what if’ gaming options. This article provides the reader with everything he needs to know about fighting with the Jacobites south of the border.  wooden oa oaths ............................ ............................ 40

Hot on the heels of the release of the new  Northern Fury supplement for SAGA, we visited Gripping Beast HQ and playtested the new Wooden Oaths multi-player scenario contained in the book. meanwhile back in scotland scot land ......................................... ......................................... 52

Whilst the Prince was away, Lord Lewis Gordon was at play! Following the landing of more allied French troops, the Jacobites in Scotland went on the offensive in an attempt to secure their heartland. This article discusses the gaming potential in their actions. bedding in ....................................... ....................................... 62

Battlefront painter and model maker James Brown gets messy with clump foliage, paper leaves, glue and more, to bring us this article on the art of “how not to been seen” AKA camouflaging your tanks for the tabletop.

MATT PARKeS PAINTS:  wargames  wargames stand standard ard .................. .................. 78

PIKE AND SHOTTE ............. 69

After describing the tools, equipment, paints, and techniques he uses in our first two articles, Matt now launches himself into the process of getting a unit of toy soldiers ready for some tabletop action. napoleon’s swiss troops ....... 84

Following his recent Osprey book on the subject, David Greentree introduces these French allies to wargamers. sevastopol-ish .............................. 90

Dave Bodley, of Grand Manner, was the model maker behind our fantastic Crimean War table featured in last month’s month’s issue. In this article, Dave takes us through his creative process when building such a big piece of terrain.

matt parkes paints:  WARGAMES  W ARGAMES STANDAR STANDARD D .... 78

sedgemoor and more - part two ........................................ ........................................ 98

We had a great response to the article in WI292 on the ‘Like a Stonewall Wargames Group’s’ Battle of Sedgemoor demo game, so we approached one of the other club members involved in the project and asked him to tell us more about how the battles played out and how he went about painting the Royalist army for the game

NAPOLEON’S SWISS TROOPS ............... .................... ..... 84

cold wars 2012 show report ................................ 106

It was a busy show that greeted our fearless reporter when he arrived in Lancaster, Pennsylvania, earlier this year. With attendance perhaps boosted by great weather and the promise of great gaming, Cold Wars had a lot to offer all manner of wargamers. SEVASTOPOL-ISH ............... 90

contacts Customer Service & Subscriptions [email protected] Tel (UK): 0044 (0)115 929 5563 Contributors ukcontent@wargamesillu [email protected] strated.net [email protected] contributors@wargamesillu [email protected] straed.net Advertisments [email protected]

Letters [email protected] Distribution USA [email protected] EUROPE [email protected] AUSTRALASIA [email protected]

P  R  O D  U  C  T   C   O D E 

FLA FL AME MES S OF WAR NE NEWS WS

NEW RELEASES • 9 June

FW221

Know Your Enemy - Late War - 2012 Edition

US885

General George S. Patton with modified M20 Utility

GBX67 Panzer IV L/70V (late production) Platoon BB136

Train Station

• 23 June

GBX68 Panzer IVJ Platoon UBX27 M4A3 (76mm) Sherman Platoon US601

M32 TRV

BB140

Rural Road Expansion Set

XX107

Plastic Bases - Rural

 Attention!  A ttention! June brings a variety of products that are designed to give everyone something to play with. • General George S Patton is ready to command a Company from  Blood, Guts, and Glory  Late War • Know Your Enemy ( Late  Edition) hits the shelves with full arsenals as well as all the National and Unit Special Rules

• The new Rural Plastic Bases are here making it easier than ever to get your infantry ready for battle • Finally, we continue the release of German and American tanks so that you can continue to grow your Tank Aces Companies

4

 WHAT’S  WHA T’S NEW ON

www.FlamesOfWar.com FOR APRIL? On the Flames Of War website this month we continue our coverage of Blood, Guts, and Glory as well as preparing for the arrival of Devil’s  Devil’s Charge, covering the efforts of Kampfgruppe Peiper and the Battle of the Bulge

• Blake shows us how he painted the American tanks featured in Blood, Guts, and Glory • Jökull Gislason, from Iceland, has another Firestorm campaign for you to play, this time focused on the fighting in the Lorraine region of France

• James shows off his latest work: Lieutenant-General George S. Patton Jr. • The Studio takes some of the new Plastic Rural Bases and shows how easy they are to use • We have a few sneak peeks at what you can expect from Devil’s  Devil’s Charge • And last but not least, both Radio Free Battlefront and our You Tube channel have plenty of new content

 What’s  Wha t’s Online for Wargames Wargames Illustra IllustrateD? teD? • MORE PHOTOS FROM COLD WARS! There is never enough room to show every photo from a show in the magazine, so head to our website to see the extras from this HMGS East show. • PHOTOS OF OUR SEVASTOPOL GAME AT SALUTE! Barry Hilton ran his Sevastopol Sevastopol game on our lovely table, right in the heart of Salute 2012. If you weren’t able to make it to the show you can see some photos of how the game progressed on our site. • WHAT’S ON MATT PARKES’ WORKBENCH? Matt shows us how he painted the Bonnie Prince Charlie model from this month’s Jacobite articles. • REVIEWS Our regular round up of reviews.

• ARTICLES FROM THE ARCHIVE The Battle of Killiecrankie, 1689 - To dove-tail with this month’s theme, we have this article from Wargames World 3 (WI  sister  sister mag from the mid 80’s) which focuses on the main battle from the earlier ‘Bonnie Dundee’ Rebellion. (WW3). The Battle of Glen Shiel, 1719 - From ‘The Fifteen’ - the Jacobite Rebellion sandwiched between that of Bonnie Dundee and Bonnie Prince Charlie - this article covers the battle between the Government forces and those of the Scottish and their Spanish allies which took place in Glen Shiel. (WI262 ). Three Battles of Jacobite Rebellion, 1745 to 1746 - Stephen Simpson presents a set of very simple rules and scenarios for the three main battles of the last Jacobite Rebellion (WI134).

www.wargamesillustrated.net

Osprey Publishing OMAR BRADLEY

Author: Steven J. Zaloga

THE AUSTRALIAN ARMY IN WORLD WAR 1

Author: Robert Fleming BUSH WARS - AFRICA 1960-2010

Author: Ambush Alley Games With its many tribal, political, religious, and cultural divisions, Africa has long been a continent at war – both with itself and with others. For much of the 20th Century, there has been a near-constant near-constant state of military unrest, from Cold War proxy wars with Soviet and Western powers supporting their African allies in live-fire incarnations of this ideological struggle, and revolutions against established regimes, to foreign interventions under the banners of peacekeeping and mercenary operations alike. Bush Wars Wars, the latest Force on Force companion, brings this hotbed of unrest to the wargaming table with scenarios, orders of battle and background information.

The importance of the Australian contribution to the Allied war effort during World War I should never be underestimated. Some 400,000 Australians volunteered for active duty, an astonishing 13 per cent of the entire (white) male population, a number so great that the Australian government was never forced to rely on conscription. Casualties were an astonishing 52 per cent of all those who served, ensuring that the effects of the war would be felt long after the armistice. In particular, their epic endeavour endeavour at Gallipoli in 1915 was the nation’s founding legend, and the ANZACs went on to distinguish themselves both on the Western Front and in General Allenby’s great cavalry campaign against the Turks in the Middle East.

General Omar Bradley was the premier US Army tactical commander in the European Theatre of Operations in 1944–45. A West Point classmate of Dwight Eisenhower, Bradley was the quintessential US field commander of World War II, elevated to high command with little combat experience but a solid track record as a skilled planner and organiser. Bradley was part of a small cadre of highly skilled young officers groomed for higher command in the austere and bankrupt 1930s. Bradley was at the centre of nearly all the major US Army victories in 1944– 45 from D-Day through the final push into Germany. Along with that combat record came a string of controversies. controversies. Bradley’s greatest blunder, failing to anticipate the German offensive in the Ardennes, was counter-balanced by a vigorous and skilled response which fatally injured the German Army in the West. Bradley was also intimately wrapped up in other controversies, especially the internecine squabbles with his British counterpart, counterpart, Bernard Montgomery.

www.ospreypublishing.com  If you have any news regarding regarding releases, releases, conventions, or other other goings on, please send it through through (along with some photos or a logo) to news@wargamesillustrated news@wargamesillustrated .net

5

 WARGAMING NEWS Events of Note for June 30-3

  2-3

ORIGINS www.originsgamefair.com Columbus, OH, USA NAVAL WARGAME ARG AMES S WEEKEND navalwargamessociety.org Gosport, UK

2-3

SOUTHCON 2012 www.omts.org.nz South Dunedin, NZ

3

IMPACT 2012 www.hiredguns.nl Uden, Netherlands

3-4

NICON cityguard.co.nz Auckland, NZ

8-9

NJCON4 www.njcon.org Edison, NJ, USA

8-10

BAYOU WARS www.bayouwars.org Kenner LA, USA

8-10

RAPIER www.rapiercon.com Jacksonville, FL, USA

 

9

DURHAM OPEN DAY 2012 www.durhamwargames.co.uk Durham, UK

10

BROADSIDE www.mhwc.co.uk Sittingbourne, UK

16

PHALANX www.phalanxshow.co.uk St. Helens, UK

 

16-17 ROLL CALL www.bhgs.co.uk High Wycombe, UK 17

VALHALLA ALHAL LA www.fwgs.org.uk Farnborough, UK

21-24 WARGAMESCON www.wargamescon.com Austin, TX, USA 22-24 DIECON www.diecon.com Collinsville, IL, USA 23  

6

2. AUSTRIAN SALUTE www.silent-night-games.at Nußdorf am Haunsberg, Austria

 Work continues  at  a t a fr frantic antic pace! We’re very excited by the possibilities afforded us by our approaching “silver jubilee”! Twenty-five years worth of a monthly magazines conveniently brings us to the nice, round number of 300 issues. We have invited many of our most regular and/or popular contributors to put fingers to keyboard to create a whole host of entirely new content for our “blockbuster” issue. The list reads like a “Who’s Who” of wargaming and will be sure to provide reams of wonderful reading. Those who have promised articles include (but is not limited to): • David Bickley • John Bianchi • Nick Buxey • Paul Davies • Martin Gibbins • Barry Hilton • Ian Knight • Paul Leach • Duncan Macfarlane • James Morris • Chris Peers • Rick Priestley • Neil Smith • Howard Whitehouse Here are a couple of photos from the latest offerings to roll through the door...

AROUND THE GLOBE Events of Note for July  4-8 DEXCON 14 www.dexposure.com Morristown, NJ, USA 7-8 BATTLEGROUP BATTLEGROUP SOUTH www.battlegroupsouth.org Bovington, UK   7-8 GAUNTLET www.deesidedefenders.co.uk Broughton, UK 15

Just Around the corner!

STOKE CHALLENGE www.stoke-challenge.co.uk Stoke-on-Trent, UK

 14-15 FESTIVAL OF HISTORY www.english-heritage.org.uk Kelmarsh Hall, UK

HMGS would like to remind everyone that HISTORICON 2012 will be held July 19 -22, in Fredericksburg, Virginia, at the Fredericksburg Expo & Conference Center, www.fredericksburgexpocenter.com

  19-22 HISTORICON www.HISTORICON.org Fredricksburg, VA, USA

The facility is located just off I-95, north of the city of Fredericksburg; Fredericksburg; halfway between Washington, DC and Richmond, VA. It’s a new facility, having opened in 2006. It has over 100,000 square feet of exhibit space (two large halls, a grand ballroom and several smaller rooms), and 1,200 free, on-site parking spaces. There are three loading docks, two truck drive-in entrances, and a state-of-the-art heating, ventilation and air-conditioning system that demonstrated its ability to keep the place cool during several site trips made there in the middle of the summer.

  20-22 TEXICON www.texicon.net Fort Worth, TX, USA

Besides historic Old Town Fredericksburg and battlefield, there are many other American Civil War battlefields within an easy drive (Chancellorsville, Spotsylvania, Wilderness). This new location offers a modern facility coupled with a chance to explore some of America’s battlefields, to make your convention that much more enjoyable. So start planning now for HISTORICON 2012 “Historical Miniature Gaming’s Biggest Summer Vacation!”

  21-22 ATTACK www.ddwg.org.uk Devises, UK 21-22 TOY SOLDIER www.maraudergames.co.uk Stockport, UK

www.HISTORICON.org Event News: If you are an event

organizer, we invite you to send your event information to:

[email protected] Remember to send it in at least THREE  MONTHS in advance of your event.

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It’s September 1944 and the Allies have stormed across France all along the front lines from Belgium to the French region of the Lorraine. Patton’s unstoppable ird Army is poised to strike into Germany itself, with the hardcharging 4th Armored Division in the lead. Nothing, it seemed, stood in the division’s way as it  pressed on. How However ever,, the Germans Germans still had fight fight in them. Four Four of Hitler’s Hitler’s brand new Panzer Panzer Brigades, specifcally specifcally crafted from lessons learned on the Soviet front, were diverted to meet the Americans in the Lorraine. e brigades were given all of Germany’s latest weapons  from Panther Panther tanks to to assault rifles and more. e heavily armed units were were ready to counterattack!  e two forces clashed east of the city of Nancy at a quiet farming village called Arracourt. e battlefield was ideal for a tank battle. e rolling fields and small villages played host to over 450 American and German tanks as they fought one of the largest battles of World War II.

Blood, Guts, & Glory , T  Tank ank battles in the Lorraine, September 1944 - January 1945 , is a 120 page book that includes: • • • •

e history of the bloody tank fighting for the Lorraine. Lorraine. History of the US 4 th and 7th Armored Divisions, and the 644 th and 704th T  Tank ank Destroyer Battalions. Battali ons. e option to field a US Tank Company, Armored Rifle Company, and a Tank Destroyer Company. Famous American warriors Lt. General George S Patton and Lt. Col. Creighton Abrams take the fight in to Germany! To find your local stockist, or order any of our ranges on-line, please visit us at 

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Panzerbrigade. e option to field an FHH Panzerkompanie, an FHH Panzersturmkompanie, an FHH Panzergrenadierkompanie, a Panzerkompanie, and a Panzergrenadierkompanie. • Introducing Tank Aces , the new escalation campaign where  you will fight for victory with the tank heroes of Arracourt. •

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OF ARM RMI IES AND MYTHS THE JACOBITE REBELLION OF 1745 - 46 By Andrew Bamford Like many campaigns that are known as much through literature as through history, misconceptions abound concerning the ’45 Rebellion and the troops that fought in its battles. Furthermore, the propaganda war that began in 1745 has continued ever since and shows no sign of abating, so that objectivity is often hard to find. Some things should be stressed at the outset though: this was not England versus Scotland, nor was it Highlanders versus Hanoverians. The Jacobite Army contained men from both the lowlands and Highlands of Scotland, as well as English volunteers and regular French soldiers. The forces that opposed them were not Hanoverians - although that dynasty occupied the British throne - but were regular soldiers from throughout the British Isles, supported by militia and volunteers from England and Scotland, as well as by small contingents of foreign troops. To avoid bias throughout these articles, I have described those who fought for Prince Charles as Jacobites, and t hose who opposed him as the forces of the Government. But if the affiliations of the two armies can be easily summed up, their composition and capabilities are less easy to codify. As one might expect, the ad hoc nature of the Jacobite forces meant that they contained units that varied widely in size and capability, but within the Government ranks there was considerable disparity even amongst the regiments of the

 10

line, not to mention t he presence of volunteer units that were almost as varied as those that they f ought against. If the events of 1745 and 1746 are to be recreated on the tabletop in a way that does justice to the history, an overview of the two armies is essential. Whilst the popular conception of the Jacobite army raised under the orders of Prince Charles Edward Stuart in 1745-46 will no doubt always be one of a body of fierce Highland clansmen, fighting at close quarters with broadsword and targe,

this generalisation is true, if at all, only for the very first we eks of the force’s existence. Whilst the Highland image was deliberately cultivated right up to the eventual defeat at Culloden, modern weaponry and training soon began to infuse into the army’s makeup. Only in its first major battle was the so-called Highland Army truly worthy of that name, but it is in many ways down to its astonishing success in that first battle, in conjunction with propaganda both then and since, that this image has been sustained.

That first battle was fought at Prestonpans, outside Dunbar, on 21 September 1745, but the formation of the army that won it can be traced back to 19 August when the Stuart standard was raised at Glenfinnan in Scotland, three-and-a-half weeks after Prince Charles had landed at Arisaig to reclaim his family’s throne. In practical terms, the real beginning came eight days later at Aberchalder, which had been established as the rendezvous for those willing to “come out” in support of the House of Stuart. Such willingness, it must be said, was to be found rather more amongst the clan chieftains than amongst their vassals, and even then there were many clans that remained resolutely loyal and even put men into the field against the Jacobites. Thus, the bulk of the clan regiments contained a significant proportion of men who had been pressed into service at pains of losing their homes and cattle: not surprisingly, surprisingly, desertion was therefore a problem from the outset. We must likewise dispense with the myth that tells us that these men were equipped throughout throughout with the broadswords, targes, pistols, and dirks with which hagiographers hagiographers from Sir Walter Scot on down have chosen to depict them. These weapons were restricted, by virtue of their cost, to the gentry and landowners who led the way in combat, backed up by the levied clansmen, whose arms at this stage comprised a varied assortment of longarms, including matchlocks, or, in many cases, polearms such as the Lochaber axe and even the humble pitchfork. Finally, whilst we speak of an army, the initial Jacobite forces hardly numbered enough to qualify as such, with perhaps as few as 2,000 men initially serving in the main body that marched with Prince Charles to Edinburgh. Due to the unwillingness unwillingness of clan officers to place themselves under outside command, the units formed, though dignified as battalions and regiments, generally scarcely warranted the former appellation let alone the latter, and in many cases were only of company strength. They were, however, lavishly endowed with officers so as to accord the gentry rank in line with their status. For senior officers, Charles, who was completely lacking in military experience himself, had to rely on the few exiles who had returned with him and were possessed of such skills - notably Colonel John Sullivan, who became Quartermaster General and Scots aristocrats possessed of any military experience, however meagre. Of the three Lieutenant Generals initially appointed, the Marquis of Tullibardine

.net

was happy to take the rank, allowing his age to excuse him from active service, whilst Lord George Murray and the Duke of Perth both proved competent enough commanders commanders when put to the test, even if the prowess of the former has been over inflated through his feud with Sullivan, whose own abilities have, contrariwise, been somewhat unfairly denigrated. On the face of things, then, it seemed unlikely that such a force, indifferently equipped and with a decidedly mixed level of commitment to the cause, could stand much chance against the British Army with its thousands of men under arms. The reputation of that force had gone down hill somewhat since Marlborough’s day, with the victory at Dettingen two years previously lauded to the skies since George II had commanded in person - won more by luck and hard fighting than judgement, whilst the more recent battle of Fontenoy had ended in a bloody repulse. But, whatever its faults, the British Army was a disciplined professional body, with all the logistical and organisational support that was so lacking for the Jacobites. When Charles launched the rising, the British Army numbered three regiments of Foot Guards, each of two battalions, and sixty-six regiments of foot, of which

ten were designated as Marines. Two of these regiments were Highland units, the loyalties of which would at times prove dubious. Regiments were known by the names of their Colonels, which meant that some changed designation at least once during the campaign: in order to simplify matters, these articles also use the regimental number, although these were not officially assigned until 1747. Cavalry comprised four troops of Horse Guards and two of Horse Grenadier Guards, which between them formed the Household Cavalry: for field service these units were typically brigaded with the senior regiment of horse, also known as the Royal Horse Guards or Blues. There were a further seven regiments of horse, filling the heavy cavalry role, and fourteen regiments of dragoons: the latter were still trained to be utilised as mounted infantry, but, since the heavy regiments saw little service during the ’45, the dragoons were generally employed as all-purpose cavalry. Other regular units - a further 13 regiments of foot and two of light horse - were raised during 1745 in direct response to the rebellion, but only the light horse, saw any serious action. There were also a number of volunteer formations (see The What-ifs Abound ), ), and the loyal clans provided militia units,

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THE JACOBITE CAUSE The roots of the ’45 Rising go back sixty years to the ascension of James II to the thrones of England and Scotland. Openly Catholic, James quickly alienated his subjects by perceived attempts to return his kingdoms to the Roman Church by means of military rule. After only three years, and with James’ second wife having produced a Catholic heir, dissident politicians and military commanders invited William of Orange, husband of James’ Protestant daughter Mary, Mary, to come to England and evict James. Jacobitism was therefore the movement to restore James, and later his heirs, taking its name from Jacobus, Latin for James. When the British crown passed to James II’s second daughter Anne, hopes of a peaceful Jacobite succession grew: Anne had no surviving children, and so her heir would be her Catholic half-brother, half-brother, recognised by the Jacobites as James III after his father’s death. However, Parliament had passed the Act of Settlement barring all Catholics from the throne. This meant that the succession jumped to George, Prince-Elector of Hanover, who became King George I in 1714. The Hanoverian Succession, on top of the Union of England and Scotland, provoked a major Jacobite uprising in 1715, which saw thousands of men in arms. However, the Scots Jacobites under the Earl of Mar were unable to make any major gains whilst their English brethren were comprehensively defeated. By the time James was able to reach Scotland, it was clear that the rising had failed and he returned to exile in Europe. Although there were further minor attempts in the aftermath of the ’15, Jacobitism seemed to have run its course. However, However, James had married and in 1720 his wife gave birth to a new heir, Prince Charles Edward Stuart. By the time Charles had come of age, the combination of a charismatic Stuart claimant and an Anglo-French war made a renewed rising a practical possibility. possibility. French ships took Charles and a handful of followers to Scotland where many of the Highland chieftains were still prepared to come out for the Stuarts. However dubious some of their motives, these men would provide Charles with the nucleus of an army.

This Walord Games Bonnie Prince Charlie figure (right) of has been painted by Matt Parkes. If you go to the Wargames Illustrated website he reveales how he went about painting the tartan you can see on the jacket.

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little different from the Jacobite clan regiments, that participated in several of the later battles. When Charles landed, the bulk of the British Army, including its most effective units, remained deployed against the French in Flanders. Until veteran regiments could be brought back, the Jacobites therefore had a window of opportunity in which they were faced only by second-rate units. Those forces remaining in the British Isles were largely either so-called Additional Companies, engaged in recruiting for their parent regiments overseas, or regiments that were either newly raised, under strength, or both. The Commander-in-Chief in Scotland, Lt. General Sir John Cope, could therefore call upon an extremely mixed bag of troops. The only veteran unit, Guise’s 6th Foot, had been distributed as garrisons around various forts in the Highlands: this kept these strongholds secure, but took Cope’s best battalion out of the fighting line. Cope’s foot also comprised Lee’s 55th, Murray’s 57th, and Lascelles’ 58th, although half of Lee’s were in garrison at Berwick and unavailable for active service. A fifth regular regiment, Loudon’s 64th Highlanders, was in the process of recruiting, but would form a mixed blessing with two of its companies going over to the Jacobites en masse, led by their own officers. There were also nine Additional Companies - one of which was captured at High Bridge in the first days of the rising - and a few pensioners in the sedentary garrisons. For cavalry, Cope could call on two regiments of dragoons, Gardiner’s 13th and Hamilton’s 14th, but not only were these weak in numbers but their horses had been put out to grass and were therefore unfit for immediate service. Of artillery there was nothing to speak of outside the

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main forts, with only a handful of light guns and coehorn mortars available. Cope’s orders were to march north into the Highlands and put down the rising before it had any chance to grow. However, faulty intelligence led Cope to believe that Charles’ Jacobites were far more numerous than they were, and that his own field force was outnumbered. Cope therefore fell back to Inverness, realising that his small army was doomed to defeat if it attempted to continue to operate in the Highlands, where supplies were hard to come by and where the locals - either active Jacobites or simply on the make were nightly raiding his poorly-guarded pack-train. It would no doubt have been better for the Government if Cope had never marched north at all, because Charles and his Highland Army had taken Perth on 3 September and were now marching on Edinburgh. Cope attempted to wrong-foot them by shipping his men back by sea, but when he reached Dunbar on 17 September he was greeted with the news that Brigadier Fowke, whom he had left in command, had abandoned Edinburgh, leaving only a garrison in the castle. Having taken Edinburgh, Charles established himself in Holyrood House, and had his father proclaimed as King James VIII of Scotland. Attempts Attempts to negotiate the surrender of Edinburgh Edinburgh Castle failed, emphasising a Jacobite inability to conduct siege warfare that would continue throughout the rising, and Charles’ hold on the city remained precarious. Determined to force an issue in battle, Charles led his forces out to meet Cope, whom he found deployed around the village of Tranent near

Prestonpans. Prestonpans. Although the two armies made contact on 20 September, the Jacobites failed to attack on that day. For the most part, this was due to the confused command structure, in which Charles, symbolically the leader of the rising but militarily untried, failed to effectively delegate authority. In theory, Murray and Perth, as the two active Lieutenant Generals, were to command on alternate days, but in practice Sullivan, the Quartermaster General, exercised considerable considerable control, not least because he oversaw the daily marches and dispositions of the forces. Thus, when Cope’s position was identified, Murray immediately ordered troops to occupy the heights to its south, with a view to maximising the shock action of the Highlanders by mounting a downhill charge. Unfortunately, Murray failed to recognise that the intervening ground was marshy: Cope had deliberately made the most of the geography to prevent just such an attack. Meanwhile, Sullivan, furious that half the army had marched off without his knowledge, gave orders to recall the troops, placing part of them to cover the road to Edinburgh in case Cope should try and outflank the Jacobites overnight. Now Murray, in turn, flew into a rage at this and recalled the troops, saying that since he could not attack Cope from the south then he would do so from the east instead. Sullivan agreed that this was the best course of action, but explained - no doubt with all the exasperation of a professional to an amateur - that it was too late in the day and that to move east now would simply alert the Government Government commander to the Jacobite plans.

 Below: Goverment Independent Independent Company men. These troops troops fought against against their Jacobite countrymen in Scotland under the command of Norman MacLeod, amongst others. Soldiers Soldiers like these help to de-bunk the ‘Scotland versus England’ myth about The ‘45.

Whist the run-up to the Battle of Prestonpans Prestonpans tells us much about the imperfect nature of the evolving Jacobite command system, the battle itself is important largely for its symbolic effects rather than for any military aspects. Although the Jacobite flank march into Cope’s rear was successful, it did not go unnoticed and Cope had just enough time to redeploy his line to meet the attack at dawn on the 21st. In the event, he might as well not have bothered, since the sight of the charging Highlanders was enough to thoroughly unnerve Cope’s foot, which began to waver even before the charge hit home. Most of his artillerymen had already absconded, and now the dragoons, too, refused to charge. A few officers rallied enough men to put up a brief fight, but the Government army rapidly disintegrated and in a matter of minutes the Jacobites had obtained a psychologically vital first victory on the battlefield. There were 1,032 Government prisoners taken at Prestonpans, but Cope was not amongst them, having famously fled on horseback as his army fell apart, but the myth that has him riding non-stop to Berwick, there to report his own defeat in person, is untrue. Although Although lampooned by the press, and ridiculed in the popular song, “Hey Johnnie Cope”, a Court Martial exonerated the defeated commander. Although a scapegoat was desirable, it was readily apparent that the defeat was down to the fact that hardly any of the Government troops had stood their ground. For Charles, on the other hand, Prestonpans provided a muchneeded boost to both his army’s prestige and its equipment, with thousands of muskets being acquired on the field or taken from Cope’s captured baggage train. Aditional modern weapons would soon arrive from France, now that the Jacobites had access to ports. Thus, although Prestonpans had been won by Highlanders relying on shock action to make up for their lack of modern weaponry, it also marked the end of such methods as the characteristic fighting methods of Charles’ troops. With lowland recruits now starting to come in, and muskets with which to arm them and re-equip the Highlanders, what emerged after Prestonpans was far more akin to a modern Eighteenth Century army than the broadsword-wielding clansmen who had followed Montrose and Dundee in the previous century.

CHRONOLOGY OF A REBELLION 1745

25 July: Prince Charles lands with seven followers at Arisaig. 16 August: First shots fired at High Bridge, near Fort William. 19 August: Standard raised at Glenfinnan. 27 August: Jacobite army assembles at Aberchalder. Aberchalder. 29 August: Jacobites fail to capture Ruthven Barracks. 18 September: Jacobites occupy Edinburgh, but not the castle. 21 September: Battle of Prestonpans. 31 October: Prince Charles marches out of Edinburgh to invade England. 1 November: Wade’s army assembled at Newcastle. 14 November: Government garrison of Carlisle surrenders after a five-day siege. 24 November: French troops begin to come ashore at Montrose. 29 November: Jacobites enter Manchester; Cumberland completes his concentration at Lichfield. 4 December: Jacobites enter Derby and push outposts south to Swarkestone Bridge. 6 December: Jacobite withdrawal from Derby begins. 18 December: Action at Clifton. 20 December: Main Jacobite army re-enters Scotland. 23 December: Action at Inverurie. 30 December: Jacobite garrison at Carlisle surrenders after a ten-day siege. 1746

7 January: Jacobites begin siege operations at Stirling. 17 January: Battle of Falkirk. 30 January: Hawley relieved by Cumberland as Government commander in Scotland. 1 February: Jacobites abandon siege of Stirling and retreat northwards. 11 February: Jacobites capture Ruthven Barracks. 5 March: Jacobites capture Fort Augustus. Augustus. 20 March: Action at Keith. 2 April: Jacobites abandon siege of Fort William after thirteen days. 12 April: Cumberland crosses the Spey. 15 April: Action at Embo. 16 April: Battle of Culloden. 18 April: Jacobite Army disperses at Ruthven Barracks. 20 September: Prince Charles escapes to France after five months as a fugitive in the Highlands and Islands.

The Raising of the Standar Standard d at Glenfinnan.  By Mark Churms www.markchurms.com www.markchurms.com..

As the Jacobite army grew in size as it re-equipped around Edinburgh, it was reorganised into a Highland Division and a Lowland Division. In practice, the distinction was by no means clear-cut, with many units having companies from both the Highlands and the lowlands: furthermore, as both an identifying

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sign and for psychological reasons, all troops adopted tartan distinctives. For the Highlanders, in their traditional plaids, this was not a problem, whilst for lowlanders it generally required the addition of a tartan sash to civilian clothes although some units and individuals adopted tartan jackets and/ or trews. Both divisions also had small bodies of cavalry attached to them, either the gentlemen of the Prince’s Lifeguard, the less socially select men of Strathallan’s Horse and Lord Kilmarnock’s Horse Grenadiers, or the decidedly raffish adventurers of Bagot’s Hussars. On the face of it, this sounds impressive, but in reality there was little to impress about these units other than their grandiose names: most could only muster a single troop of less than a hundred men and were too lightly mounted and lacking in training to match Government horse and dragoons on the battlefield. On the other hand, as they grew in experience they became excellent scouts and in this role alone proved their worth during the invasion of England. The Jacobites had also captured Cope’s artillery at Prestonpans, to which were

added French guns run through the Royal Navy’s blockade. There was never a shortage of guns, but few of them were heavy and there was a decided lack of men with the skill to man them, even after French artillery officers were sent over. Only seeing battlefield action at Culloden, the Jacobite artillery ultimately contributed little to the campaigns.

HUNTING THROUGH THE HEATHER A QUICK GUIDE TO FURTHER READING, RULES AND MINIATURES FOR THE JACOBITE REBELLION. BY PETE BROWN A wargamer looking to find out about the last Jacobite rebellion in 1745 will not lack for reading material. Almost as soon as the rebellion had finished, contemporaries were putting quill to paper to record the momentous events of 1745-46 and to glorify or condemn the main participants. The romantic notions surrounding the Prince in the Heather as the Bonnie Prince evaded capture in the Highlands, combined with the rebellions

association with Scots nationalism, would mean that this rebellion would not be allowed to fade into history as others had before it. There are any number of writers keen to present the rebellion as the last fight for Scottish independence or who describe a Scots army fighting an oppressive English one, for example. As any historian knows, the truth is rarely this clear cut. There are many hundreds hundreds of books about the rebellion and presented here is a very personal list of the ones I have enjoyed the most. Stuart Reid has written a huge number of books on the subject of the rebellion and they are well researched and accessible. A good overview of the campaign can be found in his 1745: A  Military History History of the Last Jacobite Jacobite Rising Rising. However, histories of the rebellion abound, with Christopher Duffy’s Duffy’s The 45 being the best all rounder. The Road to Culloden Moor by Diana Preston is an excellent account of the campaign from the Jacobite perspective. I would also recommend The Butcher by W A Speck. This book describes the campaign entirely from the Government point of view and discusses Cumberland’s decision process in fighting the campaign, which I found very enlightening. There are a number of contemporary histories, but the most accessible is Johnstone’s A History History of the 45. The Chevalier de Johnstone was an aide de camp for Lord George Murray, and to the Prince himself at one stage, and so his account is well informed and full of flavour.

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 Above: Jacobite cavalry - Baggot’ Baggot’ss Hussars. From the collection of Pete Brown.

Although the organisation of the Jacobites into two divisions was only formally maintained until the return to Scotland, it remained in spirit even though, by the end, the true Highlanders were in the minority. Most of the

If you want to find out a little more about the two main protagonists, I found Bonnie  Bonnie Prince Prince Charlie by Fitzroy McLean to be a good biography, especially when discussing the strained relationship between Prince Charles and his other commanders. William Augustus:  by Rex Whitworth is The Duke of Cumberland  by the only biography of the Duke I am aware of, and it deals very sympathetically with Prince William. A much more academic study of Cumberland’s involvement in the ’45 can be found in Sweet William or the Butcher? The  Duke of Cumberland Cumberland and and the ’45 ’45 by Jonathan Oates, which meets Cumberland’s critics head on and challenges a lot of the Butcher accounts that are prevalent in other works. If it is detailed studies of the battles you are after, then start with The Battle of Prestonpans: 1745 by Martin Marguilles. Marguilles. I also enjoyed Falkirk or Paradise: The battle of Falkirk Muir  by Geoff Bailey, Bailey, which not only dealt with the battle in depth, but also discussed a number of other skirmishes and encounters around Stirling which would make for excellent wargames scenarios. The battle of Culloden is, of course, covered by Osprey Campaign Series, but Stuart Reid’s book  Like Hungry Hungry Wolves Wolves is also a detailed account of the battle with colour plates and maps, which is not only a great read but which looks lovely as well. For atmosphere, look no further than John Pebble’s Culloden. Although the bulk of this book deals with the aftermath of the battle and the clearances, the opening chapters bring the battle to life with vivid descriptions of the clans standing on the windy moor and the men who opposed them. For the latest information information about the battle, including archaeological information, information, try Culloden by Tony Pollard, which brings together all of the information gathered when the battlefield was excavated to provide new ideas about where everyone was and where exactly the battle took place!

recruiting that took place in Scotland during Charles’ absence was concentrated along the coastal strip up from Dundee towards Aberdeen and Inverness, where several new units were raised. Such regiments were more obviously lowland in character and, having been exposed to far greater contact with the French regular troops who reached Scotland whilst Charles was away in England, were trained far more like regular infantry than the Highlanders or even the first wave of lowland regiments such as John Roy Stuart’s or the Duke of Perth’s. Several were organised in the continental style with multiple battalions, and some had French officers directly seconded to fill command roles. They also obtained experience of fighting alongside French regulars in actions such as Inverurie (see ).  Meanwhile, Back Back in Scotland ). These new lowland units proved their worth in several actions during the Scottish campaign, and helped hold the crumbling Jacobite right on Drumossie Moor (Culloden), but the strike force of the reunited army that fought at Falkirk and Culloden remained the Highland

Wargamers are well supplied with uniform information about the period by any number of works by Osprey. The best two uniform guides are The Scottish Jacobite Army   in the Elite series, and Partizan Press: 1745-6  in Cumberland’s Army: The British Army at Culloden , both of which are by Stuart Reid ( he gets everywhere!) As for how to best represent your Highland army, be sure to read The Myth of the Jacobite Clans by Murray Pittock. This is written as an academic work and is sometimes a little dry, but it challenges a number of the myths about the broadswordwielding, hairy clansman which many writers take for granted. There are not many sets of rules for Eighteenth Century warfare which you can use straight away for Highland armies. The ’45 rebellion is a sideshow of the much larger wars in Europe and so many rules tag Highland armies on as something of an afterthought. Equally, Equally, players may have to try a couple of sets of rules before they find one they like, as the question of how to reflect the performance of the clans on the wargames table can be so subjective that not everyone will agree. I enjoy Black Powder rules and so should declare an interest, as my supplement for these rules, The Last Argument of Kings covers Jacobite armies and how to represent them in Black Powder. It also gives suggestions on how to run a Jacobite campaign. However, my own self interest aside, I also enjoyed Volley, Bayonet and Glory Jacobite supplements, which were full of uniform information and ‘what if’ scenarios which I found really useful. Even if you don’t play Volley, Bayonet and Glory , I would pick up these supplements if you see them. Jacobite armies are also dealt with in Warfare in the Age of Reason , although these rules do represent them as Clan Mobs so will suit those gamers who like this style of army. There are

regiment. By the time of the final battles, however, a far more sophisticated system of tactics had been developed that sought to merge the Highland charge with modern firepower. The combination was aided by the fact that most of Charles’ professional military advisors had been trained in French tactical doctrines - as of course had his French officers - and these called for shock action based on a volley followed by a charge. By adopting the four-deep line taken from contemporary French drill books, the front rank Highlanders could still fulfil their classic role leading the charge but could now do so after the ranks behind them had fired a volley. Similarly, those rearward ranks were now largely equipped not only with a musket but with a bayonet too, and so could provide useful support with cold steel when the charge went in. On the defensive, such a formation was deep enough to make a difficult target for cavalry to break (see Charlie’s Last Chance. in next months magazine.) and possessed of at least enough firepower to make a decent showing, even if it could not match the platoon volleys of Cumberland’s Cumberland’s veterans.

Thus, by the end of the rising, the organisation organisation and tactics of the Jacobite forces had undergone quite an overhaul. Its unit-level tactics were still simple, and lacked the nuances that were possible with well-drilled regulars, but they were also far more sophisticated than the all-out charge of legend. Command systems had been streamlined, with senior officers commanding formations that, in size at least, equated to brigades, and many of the original small clan units were amalgamated to form regularly constituted battalions and regiments. French regulars provided some useful stiffening and firepower. What remained, though, was the deliberately fostered image of the whole Jacobite army as being composed of fierce Highland warriors. This image, and the awe it created amongst the Government forces, helped unnerve Cope’s men at Prestonpans and Hawley’s at Falkirk, and so it was certainly in the Jacobite interest to maintain the illusion. When such a myth was so assiduously propagated propagated at the time, it is hardly surprising that it has survived for so long in history!

many sets of rules designed for brigade-size Eighteenth Century games, such as Might and Reason or Principles of War: War: Eighteenth Century which fans of these rules could no doubt easily adapt.

Hanoverian or Government troops should be in the full coat, rather than the later Prussian style adopted for the AWI, which means that most Seven Years War ranges should fit the bill. Both Dixon and Crusader Miniatures do ranges of British Seven Years War, but the real connoisseur will want to check out Wargames Foundry’s range, which also includes cavalry, civilians and characters which will enliven any wargames table, if you can afford the prices!

And so having done your research and settled on your rules, it is time to collect your army! There are no shortage of companies producing Jacobite rebellion figures. Some manufacturers have dedicated Jacobite ranges, and chief amongst them in 25mm is Front Rank. These figures really are nice miniatures, with head variants for the Jacobites which ensure your clans maintain an irregular look. Front Rank really are a one stop shop as they produce horse and artillery for both sides, which not every manufacturer does. Also, check out their AWI militia range, as I picked up a number of these chaps to represent English volunteers or well-to-do lowlanders as well. Also in 25mm is Old Glory’s range which includes some of the more unusual Jacobite units, such as Fitzjames’ Horse and the Royal Ecossais. Be careful with the Royal Ecossais, as uniform descriptions differ, with some sources stating the grenadier company wore mitres and possibly even kilts whilst the short jacket is very different from the standard French issue. Although I don’t own a ny myself, I notice that B and B. and Bears Den are also advertising Jacobite ranges in 25mm.

In 15mm Lancashire Games, Roundway Miniatures and Minifigs all have dedicated Jacobite rebellion ranges, whilst Essex have a huge range of Seven Years War and Early Eighteenth Century generic figures and equipment which you can plunder as you see fit. And so there you have it. A personal view of the best books, rules and figures to use to bring your tartan army to life. All together now: “Will ye no come back again, will ye no come back....”  Below: The Duke of Cumberland Cumberland by Warlord Games.

When collecting my own Jacobite force, I strayed a little from the dedicated ranges and looked for as many different Highlanders as I could to make sure my clans maintained a distinctly irregular feel. Visit Warlord Games site to see some great Highland miniatures which are full of character (including fat ones and even one lifting his kilt to insult the enemy). Warlord also produce Bonnie Prince Charlie and Cumberland as mounted figures, and I hear that Government troops are on the way.

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Crusader Miniatures have a fantastic range of Dark Age Scots available, perfect for warfare in the age of Macbeth. The hugely popular game Saga has featured the Scots in its latest expansion, Northern Fury, and they even have their own dice. Saga and Saga dice are also available from North Star. - 

www.crusaderminiatures.com Crusader Miniatures are 28mm sized, made of metal and supplied unpainted. Crusader Miniatures are unsuitable for children under the age of 14.            n            r            n

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£ 12                              7

NORMANDY FIREFIGHT

£ 12

Join in the phenomena that is Normandy Firefight! Author Warwick Kinrade has launched this new WW2 game into the hobby, the first WW2 game for a long time where you only need 3 figures a side to play. Get a copy now, exclusively sold through North Star Military Figures , and make sure you’ve lots of terrain.

MAURICE Maurice, a game of warfare between the years 1690 and 1790. I seem seem like I’m over doing the the ‘incredibly popular game’ theme this month, but we are genuinely lucky to have a wealth of great games released this Spring. Maurice Maurice is one of those, the latest game from Sam Mustafa, creator of Grand Armee and Might and Reason. The reaction to Maurice has been as great as the response to Sam’s other game in this series, Lasalle. Maurice requires a set of cards to play, available separately in a box for £10.

£ 25 

North Star Military Figures Ltd, Unit W37, Lenton Business Centre, Lenton Boulevard, Nottingham, NG7 2BY, UK Tel: +44 (0)115 978 6656 Fax: 0115 9552 108 (Please address all faxes to North Star Unit W37) Email: northstar.figs @ntlworld.com Web: www.northstarfigures .com Postage and Packing: 10% UK and BFPO, 15% Europe 20% Rest of the World. Artizan Design and Crusader Miniatures add 10% only for Worldwide postage. Cheques payable to North Star. We accept Visa, Mastercard and Maestro.

New from Studio Tomahawk, the creators of the Dark Age game Saga, a game of 18th Century Skirmish, Muskets and Tomahawks. Muskets and Tomahawks is focused on £ 24 the Petite Guerre, the small wars of the late 18th Century, specifically the wars involving the Indians of North America. Being a skirmish game, a mixed force of 25 figures gets you playing, but Muskets and Tomahawks can accommodate games with 100 figures a side. Turns are controlled by drawing cards, a deck of which comes with the rulebook. North Star Military Figures will be launching a range of official Muskets and Tomahawks Toma hawks miniatures, designed and packaged into starter armies for you to either get playing or reinforce your existing collections . Muskets and Tomahawks is distributed exclusively by North Star Military Figures. Trade enquiries for both the rulebook and miniature range welcome.

Keep up to date with all northstar news at: http://twitter.com/nicknorthstar http://twitter.com/nicknorthstar ALSO FIND US ON

HELLCA HEL LCAT TS ON THE PROWL Collecting a Tank Destroyer Company 

By Sean Goodison  With Blood, Guts, & Glory  about  about to be released, and the Battlefront studio alive with the talk of new armies, my interest in Tank Destroyers was reignited. e allure of fielding a Tank Destroyer company armed with eight veteran M18 ‘Hellcats’ was too strong to resist. ese vehicles may suffer from glass-cannon syndrome, their heavy guns mounted on nominally armoured hulls, but they make up for it with their manoeuvrability and ambush tactics. If they can spring from their hiding places and provide me with one glorious round of deadly firepower in each game then I’ll be happy. happy.  Another appeali appealing ng factor was that I had already collected most of the models I  would need. need. While While working working on on Turning Tide  I  I had read about Task Force A and had begun collecting models in order to field them. With a very similar list of equipment being used by the two armies, I can field two forces just by altering some support options.

Both armies are based around two platoons of four M18s, with a reconnaissance HQ platoon. Task Task Force  A’  A’s Combat Combat Engineers Engineers are are moved moved from being a Combat Platoon to Support for the Tank Destroyer company, but form the infantry component of both of my lists. An Armoured Field Artillery Battery of six M7 Priests is the last shared platoon. e move from being Trained Trained to Veteran has meant more expensive platoons and my recon elements, assault guns, and tanks have been replaced with a single platoon of Stuart light tanks as a result. However the core of the army remains the same and I predict it will play in a very similar way.

BLOOD, GUTS, & GLORY  (FW220)  (FW220) is Intelligence Handbook for Flames Of War  is  is a 120 page full colour A4 book covering the tank battles in the Lorraine, September 1944 - January 1945, and features three new US and five new German intelligence briefings. It also contains 40 pages of Tank Aces, an escalation campaign that focuses on the tank forces that fought in the Lorraine in September 1944.  With Tank Aces Aces you will will earn medals and promotions promotions as you command a small small tank company and lead lead them to to glory. glory.

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 A 

TASK FORCE A (TURNING TIDE) HQ

70 points

(with 2 M8 armored cars)

Task Force Cavalry Recon Plt

70 points

(with 1 Recon Patrol)

Task Force Cavalry Recon Plt

B Task Force Engineer Combat Platoon (with 3 bazookas)

200 points

 Assault Gun Platoon

120 points

(with 3 M8 Scott HMCs)

70 points

(with 1 Recon Patrol)

Medium Tank Platoon

275 points

(with 4 M4A1 Shermans)

 A  Task Force Tank Destroyer Platoon (with 4 M18 Hellcats)

320 points

 A  Task Force Tank Destroyer Platoon (with 4 M18 Hellcats)

320 points

C  Armored Field Artiller y Battery (with 6 M7 Priest HMCs)

305 points Total 1750 points

B

TANK DESTROYER COMPANY (BLOOD, GUTS, & GLORY) HQ

80 points

(with 2 M20 scout cars)

Light Tank Platoon

260 points

(with 5 M5A1 Stuarts)

 A  Tank Destroyer Platoon (with 4 M18 Hellcats)

410 points

290 points B Combat Engineer Platoon (with 4 bazookas and turretless M4 Sherman dozer)

 A  Tank Destroyer Platoon (with 4 M18 Hellcats)

410 points

C  Armored Field Artiller y Battery (with 6 M7 Priest HMCs)

300 points Total 1750 points

C

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Painting the Hellcat I haven’t been able to find much time to paint miniatures lately, so when the Battlefront studio set out to complete a 24hour painting challenge I knew I’d finally have a chance to throw some paint on my M18s. I dug out my pile of blisters, both Hellcats and Priests, and determined to finish all my big vehicles in one day’s worth of painting.

 After assembly I undercoated my vehicles using the US Armour (SP03) (S P03) coloured aerosol from Battlefront’s Warpaint range of sprays. A black wash over the entire vehicle helped pick out the detail.

I used the same method for the crew but swapped the green undercoat for British Armour (Italy) (SP08), which is a good base for the khaki uniforms.

 A heavy dry-brush dr y-brush of Brown Viole t (887) came next, bringing the t he overall tone of the vehicle back up.

en I carefully painted their skin with Flat Flesh (955), their helmets with Brown Violet (887), and their other equipment with Flat Earth (983).

Next I picked out the details on the vehicles. I painted the tools with Flat Earth (983) and Gunmetal (863), tracks with Black (950) and the rangefinding rods with White (951) and Flat Red (957).

e final touch was to paint the helmet straps Cavalry Brown (982). en I glued the crews into their vehicles.

 After another anothe r black wash, concentrated c oncentrated on the engine decks and the details I’d just painted, I applied my decals (US941) and sealed the models with a matte varnish. If you have more time on your hands to spend on painting there are a few extra steps you can take to make your models really polished. Start by painting the rims on the road wheels Black (950) and drybrushing the tracks with Gunmetal (863). You can also apply some additional shading and detailing on the crew’s skin and webbing. A final heavy drybrush of your favourite muddy brown to the underside  will make your your vehicle look look well-used.

20

I used this exact same method to paint my M7 Priests and could, in fact, use it for any other American armoured vehicles.

Tank Destroyers Destroyers in Combat Combat e M18 suffers from having very low armour ratings. With only 2 front armour and 0 on the top and sides it is vulnerable to any gun bigger than a rifle, and even those can destroy a Hellcat with a lucky shot. In order to keep these tank destroyers alive long enough to do their job you have to make good use of their mobility and special rules.

Seek, Strike, and Destroy 

Using the American Tank Destroyer special rules the Security Section scouts the battlefield for the prime ambush position.  When the time is right the M18s creep creep out of their cover and unleash hell upon their prey.

Evasive Manoeuvres Manoeuvres

 After their initial initial volley has subsided the Tank Destroyers Destroyers retreat into cover to avoid enemy fire and prepare another salvo.

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The Tried and True M10 Some units, like the 644 th Tank Destroyer Battalion, never traded in their trusty M10 3'' GMCs choosing instead to perform field-upgrades on their existing vehicles. e M10s in Blood, Guts, & Glory  have  have options to upgrade their top armour rating and add improvised armour, which gives them an additional save, this improves their odds against enemy infantry and artillery.

The M18 ‘Hellcat’

e purpose-built M18 76mm GMC trades in the M10’s armour for a Mobility rating of Light Tank, allowing it to race around the battlefield. e M18 remains my pick for this very reason as the prevalence of high anti-tank rounds in Late  War  War means that there t here is little diffe rence between medium and low armour.

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Introducing the M36 ‘Jackson’ e M36 90mm GMC, or ‘Jackson’, hit the front lines in September of 1944 and although they weren’t available in great enough numbers to field a company of them in Flames Of War  a  a supporting platoon can be added to any American force in Blood, Guts, & Glory . e Jackson makes for a deadly support choice. Its mobility sits between the M10 and M18, while it retains the M10’s higher armour, and its massive 90mm gun grants it an extra point of anti-tank rating.

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BATTLEFRONT GETS INTO REAL ESTATE BUILD YOUR TOWN, HOUSE BY HOUSE We are about to enter into an exciting new phase of our Battlefield In A Box Flames Of War range as one of the fundamental building blocks of inhabited areas comes on line. Yes that’s right our new line of fully painted houses are soon to be available as part of our ongoing range. Given the variety of shape and colour houses can be we have decided to do something a little different with our range. Instead of trying to choose a few generic models and paint schemes which we felt would give towns and villages too uniform a look we have decided to make variety the key. We will be releasing one new house each month on an ongoing basis. We will rotate the style and colour scheme each month but each house will only be made once. As soon as the production run is completed we will simply move onto the next house and paint scheme so that over time you can build a board with a wide variety of houses and paint schemes without any duplication. The starting houses are basic two storey models with removable first floor and roof sections. To To follow will be larger houses, both width and height, shops, outhouses and an assortment of extra village items like walls, fountains and even civilians. This ongoing range will be released in addition to the larger or more specific models like out recent desert or Russian sets. As with the rest of the BIAB range these will be great quality, durable, fully tabletop ready and at a price that other unpainted or painted ranges can’t even come close to. Choosing how to create your battlefield has never been easier. Get in touch with your local retailer to reserve your home today!

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THE WHAT IFS ABOUND THE INV I NVASION ASION OF ENGLAND AND WHAT WHAT MIGHT HAVE HAVE BEEN B EEN By Andrew Bamford On 9 November 1745, the Jacobite Army under the command of Prince Charles Edward Stuart crossed the border from Scotland into England. On 20 December, December, they returned to Scotland and ten days later the garrison left at Carlisle surrendered surrendered to Government forces. What is remarkable is not so much that the invasion failed, but that the Jacobites were able to penetrate into England as far as Derby - only 122 miles from London - and then withdraw again without being brought to battle. The latter is even more surprising when one considers that there was not one Government army opposing the invasion, but three: each of which, on its own, matched or outnumbered Charles’ forces. Add to those active armies a variety of local militia and volunteers, and it becomes even less credible that the only serious fighting took place in the action at Clifton during the retreat, and even Clifton failed to escalate into anything that might be dignified as a true battle. Such opportunities missed, chances left

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untaken, and decisions that could have gone either way, provide a fertile ground for “what if” scenarios that, if they can never be resolved as historical fact, lend themselves ideally to the tabletop. Although there were those amongst his advisors who believed it better to secure Scotland, Charles never wavered from the belief that the best way to restore his father’s crown was to take the war to the enemy and invade England at once. This meant that the forces available to the Jacobites were smaller than they could have been, but also that the Government was still bringing its own forces together. In the aftermath of Prestonpans, the survivors of Cope’s army had fallen back on Berwick and then to Newcastle,

where they were joined by a battalion of Dutch auxiliaries and Lt. General Roger Handasyde replaced Cope. Here too was the main Government army, composed of reinforcements from Flanders including nine more battalions of Dutch, which was being assembled under the command of Field Marshal George Wade. Aged seventy-two, Wade was a veteran, but his most recent field command, in Flanders for the 1744 campaign, had shown him to be past his best. Nevertheless, he possessed a powerful force of around 11,000 men - double Charles’ numbers. The Dutch were there as a result of a rather creative interpretation of the surrender terms after the siege of Tournay, by which the Dutch garrison was released on parole under the condition that they would not fight against the French until officially  Below: Bonnie Prince Prince Charlie leads his army army south into England. Figures by Front Rank and Warlord Games.

exchanged. Since nothing in such a wording prevented them being used to fight the Jacobites, all ten battalions were hired as auxiliaries of the British crown and shipped across to Newcastle. Eventually, the Government would be caught out by this manoeuvre, but, for the moment, Lt. General Schwartzenberg’s 4,500 Dutch infantry formed nearly half of Wade’s army.

THE MOVEMENT OF THE ARMIES DURING THE CAMPAIGN

   N    O    I    L    L   6    E   4    B   7    E   1    R     E   5    T    I   4    B   7    1    O    C    A    J

Wade’s army also included the first volunteer unit formed in response to the rising, the Royal Yorkshire Hunters. A gathering of foxhunting squires, this unit wore blue coats turned up with red, and was brigaded with another unusual unit in the shape of the Georgia Rangers. Formed for service in the colony of Georgia and dressed in green, this was a mounted infantry unit. When the Governor-designate of Georgia, Brigadier General James Oglethorpe, was reassigned to serve under Wade he took the regiment’s two squadrons with him. Wade’s cavalry, under the overall command of Lt. General Henry Hawley, also included two regiments of horse Montagu’s 3rd and Wade’s 4th - as well as St. George’s 8th Dragoons. With 1,500 mounted troops Wade had a comfortable superiority over Charles’ force of around 400 assorted horsemen: even with this mobile strike force at his disposal, however, Wade would soon discover that the Jacobites were able to consistently run rings around him. The first scenario to be added to the list of maybes is therefore a clash between Charles and Wade, which could have been occasioned either by a Government

 Map from CAM106 CAM106 Culloden Moor Moor 1746. © Osprey Osprey Publishing Ltd. www.ospreypub www.ospreypublishing.com lishing.com

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THE JACOBITE ARMY IN ENGLAND, 9 NOVEMBER  20 DECEMBER 174 1745 5 Commander-in-Chief: Prince Charles Edward Stuart

Artillery Train: Colonel James Grant

Highland Division: Lord George Murray

6x 4pdr cannon

Macdonald of Keppoch’ Keppoch’ss Regiment Regiment (c.200 (c.200 men)

6x 1½pdr cannon

Macdonald of Clanranald’ Clanranald’ss Regiment Regiment (c.200 (c.200 men) men)

4x Coehorn mortars

Macdonald of Glengarry’ Glengarry’ss Regiment Regiment (c.500 (c.500 men)

One other cannon, calibre not recorded

Cluny MacPherson’s MacPherso n’s Regiment (c.400 men)

Pioneer Detachment from Duke of Perth’s Perth’s Regiment

Cameron of Locheil’s Locheil’s Regiment Regiment (c.500 men)

Prince Charles generally marched with the Highland Division. The Duke of Perth’s Regiment started off with two battalions, but gave up three companies to serve as pioneers (counted as part of the regimental total in the above listing) and two more to garrison Carlisle. Perth began replacing them by recruiting English volunteers, but these were then taken from him to cadre the Manchester Regiment. It is therefore likely that after Carlisle the regiment functioned as a single battalion. The Manchester Regiment, with an effective strength of c.250 at the most, served with the Lowland Division until left behind at Carlisle during the retreat.

Stewart of Appin’s Appin’s Regiment Regiment (c.350 (c.350 men) men) Cavalry: Lord Elcho

Elcho’s Troop of Lifeguards (c.90 men) Balmerino’s Balmerino ’s Troop of Lifeguards (c.60 men) Lowland Division: Duke of Perth

Duke of Perth’s Perth’s Regiment Regiment (c.750 men)

 Below: The Jacobite army on the move towards Derby.

Gordon of Glenbuchat’ Glenbuchat’ss Regiment Regiment (c.350 (c.350 men) John Roy Stuart’s Regiment (c.350 men) Lord Ogilvie’s Regiment (c.200 men) Athole Brigade: Lord Nairne

Nairne’s Battalion Battal ion (c.200 men) Murray’s Murray’s Battalion (c.200 men) Menzies’ Battalion (c.200 men) Cavalry: Sir John Macdonald

Kilmarnock’s Kilmarnock ’s Horse Grenadiers (c.60 men) Strathallan’s Strathallan’s Horse (c.90 men) Pitsligo’s Pitsligo ’s Horse (c.130 men) Baggot’s Hussars (c.60 men)

advance on Edinburgh, as advocated by the Earl of Albemarle, commanding Wade’s British foot, or if Charles had elected to push directly south from Edinburgh. In the event, however, Wade preferred to concentrate his forces first: Charles, initially keen to attack, was persuaded that the odds were too great. Instead, the Jacobites made use of their mobility to cut westwards through the borders and strike against Carlisle rather than Newcastle. Carlisle Castle, with its garrison of invalids and militia, did not long delay the Jacobites who took its surrender on 14 November and promptly prepared to move south. Wade had begun to march west in pursuit, but crossing the Pennines with winter fast coming on was a tough prospect and his vanguard had only got as far as Hexham by the time that Carlisle fell. Rather than pushing onwards, Wade ordered a retreat to Newcastle. Handasyde had already been sent back to Berwick, and now Wade sent him two more battalions to enable him to advance on Edinburgh. His remaining forces were readied to march south, where they would spend the next weeks slogging up and down the Great North

28

Road in response to the news of what the Jacobites were doing on the other side of the Pennines. What, if anything, Wade could have achieved outside Carlisle with his army worn by hard marching is another piece of speculation best resolved on the gaming table, but if Charles could have concentrated against Wade’s vanguard a Jacobite victory is certainly not beyond the realms of possibility. With Wade having given up the contest for the moment, the road south was clear for Charles, but expectations that his advance would be met by outpourings of popular support had already proved to be mistaken. There were Jacobite sympathisers aplenty in England, but for many of them it was a case of sympathies and nothing more. It was one thing for the opponents to the Whig Government to drink to “The King Over the Water” and damn the Hanoverian Succession over the port and brandy, but quite another to come out in active support now that the Stuart heir had suddenly materialised in person. When the English Jacobites had risen in 1715, they had been defeated at the Battle of

Preston and their leaders executed: such precedents did not bode well for a repeat rising. Under the circumstances, circumstances, many of the Catholic and Tory landowners that Charles had counted on to support his cause found themselves with pressing business elsewhere: only if Charles could prove that his invasion would succeed ideally by demonstrating clear evidence of French support - were these magnates prepared to get off the fence. Left largely bereft of leadership either way, the people of northwest England were thus left to their own choices when they found the Jacobites marching into their towns and villages. Local leadership, where leadership there remained, still played a part, but so too did economic factors. It may seem prosaic to set against the romance of Jacobitism, but for many people the Hanoverian succession represented growth and prosperity as Britain began to enter the earliest stages of the industrial revolution. The importance of economics can be clearly seen in the two largest centres through which the Jacobites passed: Manchester and Derby. In Manchester,

the local weaving trade had slumped, and many were out of work. With nothing else to lose, signing up to fight for the Prince might just represent an escape from poverty. With the local Catholic gentry able to offer leadership, recruiting was relatively straightforward and when the Jacobites left the town they were accompanied by 200 or so new volunteers of the Manchester Regiment with new-minted Colonel Francis Townley riding at their head. Derby, on the other hand, had done well out of the Industrial Revolution, being the site of Britain’s first modern factory: John Lombe’s silk mill, opened in 1721. Although the local gentry were split between Whigs and Tories, there were enough of the former, possessed of enough clout and funding, to underwrite one of the bluecoated regiments of local volunteers that sprang up as a loyal response to the rising. Seen too in Liverpool and Yorkshire, the English bluecoats were of little military value, but they were a statement of local loyalty and a slap in the face to Charles’ hopes of raising an army of English Jacobites. If nothing else, a man of undecided views who took King George’s shilling to serve in the Blues was one man less to be persuaded or pressed into serving Prince Charles, and that in itself represented Whig money well spent. Volunteers like the Derbyshire Blues and the Royal Yorkshire Hunters represented only a part of the Government response to the rising. Most of the bluecoat regiments were raised by local subscription, subscription, but the Government Government sought

 Above: The Duke of Cumberland Cumberland escorted by goverment cavalry.

also to tap into the wealth of the country’s great magnates who were encouraged to raise regiments of regular troops. As a result, thirteen new regiments of foot were authorised along with two of light horse. The former were ranked junior to the existing regiments of foot, and the latter became the 9th and 10th Horse, a rather confusing designation since they were more like dragoons than the senior regiments of heavy horse. With the power and money of some of the country’s great landed families behind them, the new regiments were speedily formed and the first of them now found themselves in the front line as a new army was assembled in the Midlands to block the Jacobite advance down the west side of the Pennines. Headquarters were established at Litchfield, and the command was invested in Lt. General Sir John Ligonier, a tough Huguenot Frenchman who had given a lifetime’s service to the British crown. Sir John rapidly became ill, however, and so was replaced by the man who, more than anyone, is associated with the suppression of the ’45: Prince William, Duke of Cumberland. The second son of George II, Cumberland was aged 24 and had fought with distinction under his father’s eye at Dettingen, but his subsequent career as an independent commander had come badly unstuck at Fontenoy. Nevertheless, he retained his father’s trust and that of his men, and if he lacked Charles’ glamour he was at least a young and popular leader to set against the Stuart champion.

 Left: A member of the Jacobite Jacobite Manchester Regiment, which was was formed out of a cadre cadre of volunteers belonging to Perth’ Perth’ss Regiment.  Illustration by Gary Zaboly from ELITE 149, The

Scottish Jacobite Army 1745 - 4 6, © Osprey Publishing Ltd. www.ospreypublishing.com

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 WH  W HIGS IN IN BLUE COATS Thanks to political propaganda written long after the events of 1745, when anti-Whig point scoring was more important than strict truth, the Derbyshire Blues have received a rather poor press. As a newly raised volunteer unit, they were never going to be a crack military force, but their formation typifies the local pro-Government response to the Jacobite threat in England. Like many English counties, Derbyshire was split between Whigs, loyal to the Government, and Tories who were seen as potential Jacobites. This should not be taken as meaning that the man in the street gave much thought to these matters, but rather that allegiances were largely decided through the influence of the great landed families. Because of these split loyalties, the decision was taken by the Whig gentry to circumvent the county’s moribund and Tory-dominated Militia and raise a regiment of volunteers to be officered by men of sound Government principles. With the support of the Whig Duke of Devonshire, Lord Lieutenant of Derbyshire, money was raised by public subscription and arms found in part from the Duke’s armoury at Chatsworth House. As well as giving his support for the original proposal for ten companies to be funded through public subscription, Devonshire funded a further two out of his own pocket to give a total of twelve companies of sixty men each, formed into a single battalion. As their nickname suggests, the regiment was uniformed in blue coats, with the cuffs turned back in red, and red smallclothes. Unusually, Unusually, the cockade worn was not the usual Hanoverian black but was Orange, in deliberate allusion to William of Orange and the Glorious Revolution of 1688. Muskets would have been old but serviceable, but their effectiveness in the hands of men who had had but little training is uncertain. As it was, the matter was never put to the test. On 3 December, with the Jacobites in Ashbourne and no sign of Cumberland’s army, army, the decision was taken to evacuate Derby and retire on Nottingham where arms and powder were requisitioned from the castle - this might suggest that not all the men were previously armed. A series of subsequent false alarms, subsequently lampooned by Devonshire’s political rivals, saw the regiment eventually retire all the way to Retford and thus play no part in the subsequent campaigns. If their career has been mocked, however, one thing remains apparent: Derbyshire had put more men into arms for the Government than the whole of England did for Prince Charles.

30

 Above: The statue of Bonnie Bonnie Prince Charlie which stands stands in Derby Town Town centre, marking the highpoint of the Jacobite invasion of England.

Cumberland took command at Litchfield on 27 November, with his army still assembling. He had several battalions from his old Flanders command, including a brigade of Foot Guards, but he also had several of the new regiments of foot, which proved to be poorly disciplined and unfit for battle. No doubt this was down to their recent raising, and time would have allowed them to shake down as effective units, but time was something that Cumberland did not have for Charles was already pushing southwards by fast marches. Uncertain as to the Jacobite objective, Cumberland had to keep his forces concentrated concentrated to offer battle, yet at the same time needed to cover all potential routes lest Charles manage to slip past him. That Cumberland might be in doubt as to Jacobite intentions is not so strange as it may seem. Whilst London might seem the obvious objective, there were still several routes that needed to be watched: more significantly, there remained the possibility that Charles might be making for Wales where there were strong Jacobite sentiments and where several leading landowners were believed to be raising men for the Stuarts. A rendezvous with Welsh allies prior to an attack on London with a reinforced army, perhaps in the New Year, seemed to be an entirely plausible course of action for Charles to be planning.

Furthermore, Furthermore, Charles fostered Cumberland’s fears by sending Murray on a feint through Staffordshire, giving the impression that he formed the advance guard of the whole army. Cumberland took the bait, whereupon Charles  jinked to the east east through Leek Leek and Ashbourne to enter Derby on 4 December. The Derbyshire Blues could hardly hope to defend the town singlehanded and retired to the east. There now remained

only one major natural barrier between Charles and London, in the shape of the River Trent which looped eastwards across his path before turning north to join the Humber. The most direct crossing was via the ancient bridge and causeway at Swarkestone, just south of Derby, which was quickly seized by the Jacobite advance guard. Had the crossing been defended, it would have seriously impeded a continued advance: to turn west to seek an alternative crossing at Burton-upon-Trent would have meant marching straight towards Cumberland’s army whilst a move east, towards Nottingham or Newark, would have given Cumberland time to interpose his forces between Charles and London. Yet, with the crossing seized and the road south open, hesitation now paralysed the Jacobite command. This, of course, brings us to the most controversial moment of the campaign and the biggest what-if of all. As a result of growing disquiet amongst his subordinates, aware that they were marching deeper and deeper into what was palpably enemy territory, Charles agreed to a council of war. At this juncture, the arrival of false intelligence brought by a double agent led the Jacobite command to believe that Government forces were far closer, and far larger, than was actually the case. This caused them to outvote their Prince and insist on a retreat. Only Perth cast his vote alongside Charles for a continued advance, and the rifts that already existed within the Jacobite command structure were split open anew. On the morning of 6 December the Jacobite army marched north out of Derby. The question, then, is whether the decision was the correct one. Propagandists have made a strong case for a successful advance on London, picking up on contemporary rumours of a King prepared to flee and a disorderly

and demoralised army defending the capital. In fact, George remained steadfast and the troops assembled on Finchley Common were by no means the rabble that Hogarth depicted in his “March to Finchley”, including as they did two brigades of veteran foot and a strong detachment of Foot Guards. Even if Charles had made it to London ahead of Cumberland, who had further to march and whose foot could not maintain the pace set by the fast moving Highlanders, he would surely have had to contend with Cumberland’s cavalry snapping on his heels. These forces could have potentially added another 1,000 men to the 6,000-strong Finchley army, and even if the Jacobites had won then there was still Cumberland and Wade to contend with. French help was indeed on its way as Charles hoped, but bound for Scotland, not Kent. Without French regulars and/ or a popular rising, Jacobite hopes were slender. Conversely, even a minor setback could have left Charles trapped deep in England and unable to extricate his army. Indeed, the outcome may well have been eerily reminiscent of the last time a Stuart prince led a Scots army into England: when the future Charles II marched south in 1651, his army was harried by converging Parliamentarian forces until,  Below: Goverment cavarly are are ambushed by  Highlanders in the action action at Clifton - the last battle on English soil.

worn down and outnumbered, they were surrounded and destroyed at the Battle of Worcester. It is going too far to credit the Government generals of 1745 with deliberately fostering such a situation Charles got as far south as Derby through luck and good generalship - but it was certainly not beyond their abilities to make the most of such an opportunity if handed it on a plate. Under such conditions, it might then seem as if the Jacobite decision was correct. This, however however,, fails to take into account the options surrounding the alternative, for there was no obvious way that the rising could succeed if the Jacobite army returned to Scotland. The wisest option, perhaps, would have been to consolidate in Scotland over the winter and mount an invasion in the spring, but once the invasion was under way it surely required carrying through to the last opportunity, however desperate. To go on risked failure, but turning back rendered failure all but a certainty. Nevertheless, turn back was what the Jacobites did, returning by much the same route as they had come. Cumberland was swift in pursuit, whilst Wade, who had got as far south as Doncaster, turned his weary army about and set off north again. Neither had much hope of bringing the Jacobite army to battle, but both detached flying columns and these were eventually

able to catch up with the Jacobites on the Westmoreland fells. Cumberland had rushed ahead with his own cavalry and a thousand or so mounted infantry on commandeered horses, whilst Oglethorpe had brought part of Wade’s cavalry over the Pennines to join them by way of Blackstone Edge and Rochdale. They finally made contact with the Jacobites at the hamlet of Clifton, south of Penrith, on 18 November. What followed was the only action of the ’45 to take place on English soil. THE ACTION AT CLIFTON

The Jacobite rearguard was commanded by Lord George Murray, and largely composed of infantry; conversely, Cumberland had only mounted troops (see sidebar for orders of battle). The lead elements of the Government force came up with the retreating Jacobites some distance south of Clifton, and only a determined resistance by the pioneer detachment from the Duke of Perth’s Regiment enabled the last of the Jacobite baggage to escape. Murray then pulled back to Clifton itself, which lay just beyond a crest in the limestone fells, with his few cavalry out in front by way of an ambush. Whilst the Government commanders remained on the crest of Brackenber Hill looking down on the hamlet, a patrol of Yorkshire Hunters and hussars from Cumberland’s personal

31

escort rode forwards and triggered the Jacobite ambush: both sides swiftly retired with no great loss. By now it was early afternoon, and Murray realised that if he could be reinforced there was time to spring a second ambush around Clifton itself. Indeed, Murray went so far as to request that Charles turn the whole army around and try to maul the Government advance guard, but the Prince refused and sent only a few reinforcements reinforcements to give Murray a total of four regiments. Nevertheless, these troops proved more than enough to hold their own when Cumberland ordered an advance against Clifton, dismounting his three dragoon regiments to make up for his absence of infantry. Murray had used the growing darkness to shift part of his force forward of the houses into the concealment of a hedge, and from here they were able to surprise and rout the men of Bland’s 3rd Dragoons. Meanwhile, the other two dragoon regiments attacked the village itself, but also recoiled after taking fire from its defenders. At this point, with cavalry threatening his flanks, Murray ordered a retreat and the Jacobites soon melted away into the darkness. It remains tempting to wonder, however, whether or not a concerted counter-attack could have crippled the Government force, whose commanders believed that they were fighting only a few hundred men. Had Cumberland been killed or captured, the shockwaves through the Government ranks would have been marked, but even a comprehensive comprehensive Government defeat, suffered by troops under the Duke’s personal command, would have done much to restore Jacobite morale. In reality, though, morale remained poor as the retreat continued, with a note of unnecessary bravado now condemning some of Charles’ men to a needless and brutal fate. As the main Jacobite army continued its retreat into Scotland, a garrison was left to hold Carlisle. Composed largely of men from the Manchester Regiment, their fate when the place eventually surrendered to Cumberland, after a ten-day siege, was not pleasant. Colonel Townley and several of his officers met a traitor’s death on the scaffold, whilst those of the rank and file who escaped the noose found themselves transported. Had the siege delayed a Government pursuit, it would perhaps have been a sacrifice worth making, but most of Cumberland’s army had never come north, being diverted to guard against a rumoured French landing. Only two veteran regiments of foot and four of the new raising arrived in time to take part in the capture of Carlisle, and none was in any state to press on north of the border. The Jacobite army was thus safely back in Scotland, but the invasion had failed.

32

THE BATTLE OF CLIFTON Hall & Grounds Church

CLIFTON A C

River Howther

D B 1 2 3

Mt. Clifton cottages

7

6

4 5

Brackenber Hill 0

500

1000

Rough Scale in Metres

CLIFTON Map Key A: John Roy Stuart’s Regiment B: MacDonald of Glengary’s Regiment C: Stewart of Appin’s Regiment D: Cluny MacPherson’s Regiment

1: Bland’s Dragoons (Dismounted) 2: Kerr’s Dragoons (Dismounted) 3: Cobham’s Dragoons (Dismounted) 4: Montaga’s Light Horse 5: Kingston’s Light Horse 6: Ligonier’s Light Horse 7: Georgia Rangers & Yorkshire Hunters

 Above: Plaque placed by by Scottish Nationalists at at the site of the Battle of Clifton.

 Above: Looking over the shoulders shoulders of the Jacobites in Clifton, Clifton, towards the Government cavalry on Brackenber Brackenber Hill.

THE OPPOSING FORCES AT CLIFTON, 18 DECEMBER 1745 Government Advance Guard: Duke of Cumberland

Jacobite Rearguard: Lord George Murray

Escort:

Troop of hussars (Austrians in Cumberland’s personal service, c.25 men)

Initial Force:

First Line:

(Dismounted Dragoons): Lt. Col. Col. Sir Philip Honeywood Bland’s 3rd Dragoons (c.170 men) Cobham’s 10th Dragoons (c.170 men) Kerr’s 11th Dragoons (c.170 men)

Second Line: Brig. Gen. James Oglethorpe

Montagu’s 9th Light Horse (c.220 men) Kingston’s 10th Light Horse (c.220 men) Georgia Rangers (c.120 men) Royal Yorkshire Hunters (c.70 men) Other Units: Ligonier’s Units: Ligonier’s 8th Horse (c.120 men covering left flank) Mounted Infantry (c.1,000 men in two battalions; not engaged)

The mounted infantry were some distance to the rear. Oglethorpe’s command tried to turn the Jacobite left at the end of the battle, but were too late. Strengths for the dragoons are the number of men who went forwards dismounted: allowing one man in four as horse-holders, Cumberland probably had about 650-700 dragoons in these three regiments.

John Roy Stuart’s Regiment (c.250 men) Detachment, Duke of Perth’s Perth’s Regiment (c.60 men) Detachment, Macdonald of Glengarry’s Glengarry’s Regiment (c.80 men) Detachments, Detachmen ts, Pitsligo’s Pitsligo ’s Horse and Baggot’s Hussars (c.60 men)

Reinforcements: Macdonald of Glengarry’s Regiment (c.400 men)

Cluny MacPherson’s MacPherson’s Regiment (c.350 men) Stewart of Appin’s Regiment (c.200 men) These figure are based on the starting strengths for the campaign, adjusted to allow for straggling which was a particular problem in John Roy Stuart’s (which had enlisted a number of Government prisoners after Prestonpans, who subsequently absconded) and Stewart of Appin’s. Appin’s. Even so, the total comes out at rather more than the thousand men that most secondary sources allow Murray. Either these sources are mistaken, or the units that took part were incomplete.  Below: Goverment cavalry and Highlanders. Highlanders. Figures Figures by Front Rank Rank Figurines, from the collection of Tim Adcock.

33

SCENARIOS FOR THE INVASION OF ENGLAND Perhaps the most interesting way of gaming the invasion campaign would be as just that - a campaign with players representing the various commanders, each operating with varying degrees of intelligence blackout whilst attempting to obtain their objectives. In addition to the orders of battle provided in these articles, Christopher D uffy’s uffy’s The ’45 contains ’45 contains listings of the forces involved, although units strengths and brigade-level orders of battle are not always provided, so an element of educated guesswork may be required to fill the gaps. Once elements of the opposing forces come into contact, the resulting clashes could be converted to an appropriate ruleset and resolved on the tabletop. However, if we imagine a continued Jacobite advance beyond Derby, two obvious potential clashes readily lend themselves to interesting stand alone scenarios.

Unfortunately for the Government, it was abandoned without a fight and the Jacobites were left with a clear road south had they chosen to take it. But local forces were in the area, and could have moved to hold the bridge. The suggestion here is a small-scale scenario that pits a small and newly raised Government force against a Jacobite vanguard, spearheading the first stage of a march on London.

WHAT-IF NO.1 - THE BATTLE OF

Government Forces: The

SWARKESTONE BRIDGE

If the Jacobites continued beyond Derby, the bridge and causeway at Swarkestone was an obvious place to stop them.

following troops were in the area and could have taken part in a defence of the crossing, under the potential leadership of William Cavendish, 3rd Duke of Devonshire.

 Below: Jacobite Highlanders Highlanders change across across the water meadow towards towards the Derbyshire Derbyshire Bluecoats, in our ‘what if ’ Battle Battle of Swarkstone.

34

Derbyshire Blues (c.720 men in twelve companies) Montagu’s 9th Light Horse (c.220 men in four troops) The Blues were never tested in combat, but their poor record may stem as much from anti-Whig propaganda as anything else. Rules allowing for poorly drilled and/or untested troops ought be applied. Montagu’s were considered second best to Kingston’s so far as the two new cavalry regiments were concerned, but were by no means useless. Since they carried carbines, they can fight dismounted if required. It is possible that Cumberland could have detached some or all of his cavalry to aid a defence, see below for details.

Jacobite Forces:  An initial Jacobite vanguard would likely have been drawn from Murray’s division, which would suggest Elcho’s Lifeguards leading the way, followed by the Highland clan regiments. More units, including potentially the Jacobite artillery, could arrive later if the scenario goes on that long: the exact composition of the force is best left to the players/umpire, using the Jacobite OOB for the invasion provided with this article.

 Above: Warlord Warlord Games Highlanders Highlanders fire from from the causeway at Swarkstone. Swarkstone.

THE BA BATTLE TTLE OF SWARKESTONE BRIDGE

To Derby

Cuttle Brook

SWARKESTONE

The Terrain:  The Bridge and Causeway together are almost a mile long, with the land on the south side of the Trent being water meadows that would have likely been at least partially flooded in December 1745 - they should be treated as bog or marshland. The medieval causeway itself is stone walled and rises above the surrounding land. The hamlet of Swarkestone is at the north end of the bridge, and that of Stanton-by-Bridge at the southern end of the causeway where the land begins to rise. Land to the north of Swarkestone is largely flat.

Hall Church

River Trent

SWARKESTONE CAUSEWAY (Walled and banked)

Objectives: The Jacobites need to capture the crossing and the Government forces to stop them. Realistically, more and more Jacobites are ultimately going to arrive and swamp the defenders, and Government victory conditions should allow credit for the length of delay inflicted and the number of troops successfully extricated - even a day’s delay could have been enough to allow Cumberland to get his forces in motion to intercept Charles further south.

Water Meadows (Part-Flooded) Water Meadows (Part-Flooded)

STANTON BY BRIDGE

0

250

500

Rough Scale in Metres

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WHAT-IF NO.2 - THE BATTLE OF FINCHLEY

Since the Jacobites were in reality granted a free crossing of the Trent and an open road south, there is every reason to assume that they could have reached the outskirts of London before their pursuers, which allows for a potential showdown with the Government army being assembled on Finchley Common. This was by no means an insignificant force, and would likely have been led by George II in person. The location of such a battle remains conjectural: there were obvious chokepoints chokepoints where the Jacobites might have been contained as they pushed through the fringes of the Chilterns, but if the Government Government forces moved too far from London, and the Jacobites slipped past them, the result could have been disastrous. Such alternatives are therefore best left to a campaign game, and this scenario assumes a showdown on or near Finchley Common. Government Forces: The following order of battle is based on Duffy’s listing of the Finchley Army.

B

A

THE BATTLE OF FINCHLEY

Commander-in-Chief: King George II

TOTTERIDGE WHETSTONE

Second-in-Command: Lt. General St. Clair Guards Brigade: Grenadier Companies, 1st Foot Guards (c.510 men)

MILL HILL

Grenadier Companies, Coldstream Guards (c.345 men)

FINCHLEY

Grenadier Companies, 3rd Foot Guards (c.345 men)

River Brent

1st Infantry Brigade: 1/Royal Regiment of Foot (660 men)

HENDON

Huske’s 23rd Fusiliers (611 men)

Camp Common

C

0

1

Beauclerk’s 31st Foot (490 men)

2

Rough Scale in KM

Jacobites may enter at point A or B, Goverment flying column of reinforcements may enter at point A or C. The Common is rough ground and the river is fordable.

2nd Infantry Brigade: Mordaunt’s 18th Foot (623 men)

Bragg’s 28th Foot (641 men) Richbell’s 39th Foot (8 Companies, c.485 men) Cavalry Brigade: Horse Guards (c.350 men)

Horse Grenadiers (c.160 men) Ligonier ’s 8th Horse (2 Troops, 110 men) Hawley’s 1st Dragoons (c.230 men) Unbrigaded: Murray’s 43rd Highlanders (616 men)

Rich’s 4th Dragoons (Dismounted, c.200 men) Artillery Train: Thirty-four field guns, probably a mixture of six and three pounder cannon Potential Reinforcement from Cumberland’s Army: Lt General the Duke of Richmond

THANKS! Special thanks go to Tim Adcock Adcock for the loan of his wonderful Jacobite Rebellion figure collection for this month’s theme articles. It’s mainly Tim’s figures you see in action in all of our three articles. They are Front Rank and Foundry figures, painted by himself and brother Chris and are the result of many years of dedication to the cause (...except the last few units which were rushed through at the last minute... but you can hardly tell).

Bland’s 3rd Dragoons (c.220 men) Cobham’s 10th Dragoons (c.220 men) Kerr’s 11th 11th Dragoons (c.220 men) Ligonier ’s 8th Horse (c.130 men) Kingston’s 10th Light Horse (c.220 men)

36

Most of these troops were veterans and should be treated accordingly, with the exception of Murray’s 43rd, which was considered to be disaffected and ought not be accorded the usual combat and morale modifiers traditionally bestowed on redcoat Highland regiments. Riding hard, Richmond ought not have arrived in the area too far behind the Jacobites, but these would be tired men on tired horses: their strengths are based on those at Clifton, when they were similarly worn down by a hard pursuit. If the option of these troops intervening in the Swarkestone Bridge scenario is used, their strengths would likely be higher. Ligonier’s 8th Horse deliberately appears twice in the above listing - there were four troops with Cumberland and two at Finchley. Jacobite Forces: See Forces: See OOB for the invasion, as given in the main article. The Manchester Regiment might conceivably have garnered a few score more English volunteers on the march beyond Derby. The Terrain: The Terrain: The land around Finchley Common is fairly flat, hence it being chosen as a campsite. Mill Hill, to the north, provides some possible higher ground, and the River Brent a potential barrier to a Jacobite advance.

 Above: Hogarth’s famous painting ‘The March March to Finchley of of the Guards’ in which he depicts the Goverment forces on the way to defend London from the Jacobites.

Objectives: A Objectives: A straight stand-up fight, with the crown at stake. Special rules ought to apply should Charles or George be killed, wounded, or captured. The intervention of Richmond’s flying column

could potentially sway the outcome and the chances of its arrival, and the players awareness of this, requires judgement on the part of an umpire.

 Below: Action from from our refight refight of The Battle of Finchley. Finchley.

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PERRY MINIATURES Plastic British Napoleonic Hussars £18 (BH 80)

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Russians above painted by Jim Bowen and Steve May. RN 1 and Prussians painted by Steve May. Prussian ag by GMB

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Prussian Napoleonic Army 1813-1815

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28mm gures designed by Alan Perry PN 35 Prussian Reservist command, ‘Portuguese ‘ uniforms, marching (no standards) (A) PN 36 Prussian Reservist command, ‘Portuguese ‘ uniforms,marching ( with standards) (A) PN 37 Prussian Reservists marching, ‘Portuguese’ uniforms (shoulder wings) (A) PN 38 Prussian Reservists marching, ‘Portuguese’ uniforms (British packs) (A) From PN 39 Prussian Landwehr command marching PN41 (no standards) (A) PN 40 Prussian Landwehr command marching, stiffened caps (no standards) (A) PN 41 Prussian Landwehr command marching (with standards) (A) PN 42 Prussian Landwehr command marching, stiffened caps (with standards) (A) PN 43 Prussian Landwehr marching (A) PN 44 Prussian Landwehr marching , stiffened caps (A)

Plastic 15th Century‘Mercenary’ Century‘Mercenary’ Infantry £18 (WR 20)

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PERRY MINIATURES Plastic Napoleonic French Infantry £18 (FN 100)

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service. Although we read all questians, You can contact us at [email protected]. [email protected]. Our website has a secure online ordering service. Although we can’t can’t guarantee a reply to each one as gure making is time consuming! For updates see our website: www.perry-miniatures.com.  All orders and cheques cheques by post: Perry Miniatures, PO BOX 6512, Nottingham NG7 1UJ . Cheques made payable to  Perry Miniatures .  All major credit/debit credit/debit cards accepted. accepted. Please add postage & packing: UK 12%, 12%, Europe 15%, 15%, Rest of World World 18%.  Also available from Dave Thomas at shows shows around the country. country. Models Models not shown at actual size. size. Fax +44 (0)1159 (0)1159 503242

 WO  W OODEN OATHS MULTI-PL MULTI-PLA AYER SAGA ACTION By Dan Faulconbridge SAGA seems SAGA seems to have struck a real cord with the wargaming public. It’s combination of innovative game play and low set-up costs have quickly established the Dark Age skirmish game as a must have set of rules for anyone with even a passing interest in the period it pertains to. Our first SAGA article, SAGA article, featured in WI286 , was a playtest of the original rules (you can now find this on the Wargames Illustrated website in case you missed it) and SAGA makes a welcome return to the pages of WI  this  this issue following our playtest of the multi-player scenario from the new supplement - Northern - Northern Fury. Fury.  Northern Fury is Studio Tomahawk’s first, of what promises to be several, SAGA supplements. This 36-page booklet includes rules for four new factions (AKA nations): Bretons, Jomsvikings, Scots and Anglo-Saxon, as well as a new scenario - Wooden Oaths.

Wooden Oaths makes for a great introduction to both the new factions and multi-player SAGA, and the invitation from Gripping Beast - the UK publishers of SAGA - to come down to their Evesham HQ and playtest the scenario presented us with the ideal opportunity to showcase Northern Fury in WI.

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I sacrificed taking a playing roll in the game to act as photographer and scribe in order to bring you this report on the action whilst wargaming pals Nick Eyre, Duncan Macfarlane, Wyn Rodgers and Gripping Beast impresario Lord Sherwell took the reins of the four warbands who were destined to take part in the Wooden Oaths playtest.

SAGA works very well as a one-on-one, head-to-head head-to-head game, so we were all keen to discover how the new scenario would accommodate four players in one battle. Lord Sherwell, who was acting as umpire as well as playing one of the factions in our game, didn’t really give us any information information to this end before he produced a deck of playing cards and asked all the players to “pick a card, any card”.

We opted to use two of the four new factions on offer in Northern Fury the Scots and the Jomsvikings, whilst sticking with two of the factions from the original rules - the Anglo-Danes and the Normans.

In accordance with the Wooden Oaths scenario rules, the two players drawing a red card would be on one team and the two players drawing black would be on the other. Just prior to this ‘pick a card’ exercise, the four players had chosen

their factions. Using the time honoured ‘whatever figures you’re standing closest too’ tradition Nick had been crowned the leader of the Anglo-Danes, Lord Sherwell the Jomsvikings, Duncan the Normans and Wyn the Scots (Wyn had actually pre-prepared and brought his own warband along with him - and mighty nice figures they were too).

FACTIONS SCOT S

   S   6    E    6    G    0    A    1    K     R    0    1    A    4    D

UNITS AND WARBANDS SAGA factions SAGA factions deploy in units, which in turn form Warbands. Each unit is worth one point and depending and the scenario or size of game you wish to play warbands usually consist of four or six points worth of units. For our game we were using four point warbands. One point tends to buy you four tough figures (Hearthguard), eight more runof-the-mill fighters, (Warriors) or twelve peasant types. (Levies)

 N ES A  D  O  L G A N

For their four points our players ‘bought’ the forces seen on the right.

The drawing of the cards had dictated that the Normans and the Jomsvikings would be paired together as allies (an unholy alliance if ever there was one!) and the Scots and Anglo-Danes would make up the other team. However, it transpired that in Wooden Oaths alliances are pretty fluid; your ally in one turn may become your foe in the next.

JOMSVIKINGS

The deck of cards also had a further use as each turn a card was to be drawn from the pack by each player, and the order for that turn would be dictated by the player with the lowest card going first, followed by the player with the second lowest and so on. Lord Sherwell went on to explain the victory conditions for the game; at the end of the sixth and final turn all the victory points accumulated by the Red Team were to be split between all the players who were red on that turn, and the reverse was to be done with the Black Team. Team. So basically the more each player could kill, the more he would score - good honest-to-goodness wargaming!

N ORM AN  S

 Left: Huscarl from the Anglo-Dane warband. Figure by Gripping Beast.

41

SAGA DICE & BATTLEBOARD The two things that make SAGA uniquely different from any other wargame you will have played before are the SAGA dice and the Battleboard. These two operate in tandem, with the SAGA dice being rolled at the beginning of each turn and then being placed in the Ability Boxes on the Battleboard to indicate the players choice of attributes for his troops that turn. Each faction’s Battleboard is unique, offering a variety of different attributes for the player to choose from. Northern Fury introduces four new Battleboards into the game, with each one tailored to the nation it represents. The Scots board contains such attributes as “A Barrier of Spears” which, when selected, allows the player to gain Attack and Defence dice. The Jomsviking board allows its player a choice of fifteen different attributes including “Northern Tempest” which forces your opponent to lose three figures or increase your Wrath level (more on Wrath later….) Making the correct decisions when placing your SAGA dice on the Battleboard can give you the edge over your opponent and potentially win you the game.

Factions Key  A Anglo-Danes

 B Jomsvikings

 C Scots  D Normans

TURN 1 Following deployment the game got underway with Duncan, the Norman player, rolling his first fistful of SAGA dice, making his choices on his Battleboard and immediately activating one of his units of mounted knights, sending them surging forward, crashing into Wyn’s Scot Thanes.

T  H   E B  O A R D  F  O  L L  O W   I  N  G  B D E  P L  O Y   M  E  N  T  

 A

D

C

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Now, from a distance, and for a SAGASAGAplaying novice, those Scot spearmen looked like easy pickings, but in actual fact Wyn’s Wyn’s Thanes (Hearthguard) were pretty tough and the Norman knights got a spiky surprise, with the combat resulting in two knights being slain and the other two having to turn-tail and retreat. In his turn Nick moved his Anglo-Danes directly forward towards Lord Sherwell’s Jomsvikings, who’s turn it was next…. We were all keen to see the ‘Joms’ in action, they are one of the new Northern new Northern Fury factions Fury factions and their Battleboard looked particularly intriguing, containing as it did a ‘bonus’ section above the Ability Boxes entitled “Wrath”. In keeping with the spirit of the Jomsvikings of legend, a ‘Wrath’ track has been introduced onto their Battleboard, it is a means of recording how wrathful the warband becomes during the game. The Jomsviking player expends wrath in order to use certain abilities on his Battleboard. Opposition players are often presented with the choice of transmuting a Jomsviking player’s activation into an increase in his Wrath. And it was exactly that which Nick the Anglo-Dane choose to do this turn. Rolling his SAGA dice SAGA dice and choosing to activate one of his Hearthguard units Lord S had to give Nick (his opposite number) the option to cancel that action and turn it into a point of Wrath. When presented with the choice Nick asked the obvious question “so what happens if you do gain Wrath, how is that bad for me?” Lord Sherwell proceeded to shake his head ruefully and say things like “oh dear, you don’t want to make me angry; you wouldn’t like me when I’m angry” and “Beware the wrath of the Jomsvikings, my pretty” etc.

 Above: The Norman Knights Knights crash into the Scots Scots Thanes.

THE JOMSVIKINGS There is some debate as to whether the Jomsviking (Vikings of Jomesborg) actually existed in reality, but there is no doubt that they are mentioned in the Viking Sagas, so their credentials for appearing in SAGA the game can’t be disputed. According to the Sagas the Jomsvikings were a group of mercenaries who formed a selective brotherhood of men who lived by a strict warrior code which was both brutal and binding. In Northern In Northern Fury the Fury the Jomsvikings are considered veteran warriors whose bravery and fighting skills are unrivalled.

Nick response was “you can stay there and get as angry as you like as far as I’m concerned pal.”(cue more shaking of the head and threats of retribution from Lord S.) Meanwhile, on the other side of the table, Wyn moved his Scots forward toward the buildings of the small village. As with each subsequent turn, the first turn concluded with the ‘Allegiance Phase’ in which all the players chose their allegiance, Red or Black, for the forthcoming turn. Would they stick with their same partner or would the players spurn him and switch sides? The cards were placed face down, the drum rolled (metaphorically) and the cards were then turned…. black, black, red, red - all the players chose to stick to the same teams.

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T H  E S  I T  TU    AT I  ON  O    AT  T H  E S  TA T    R  B T O  F T  U R  N 2 

 A

D

C

TURN 2 The game now eased into its regular pattern with all the players beginning the turn by drawing a card to determine the order of play. This time the Scots went first and they wasted no time in striking for the Norman Warlord who had been left somewhat exposed following the failed assault by his knights the previous turn. ‘Hanging Warlords’, as they are often termed in SAGA, are often pounced upon and punished by the opposition. However on this occasion the Norman Warlord put up stern resistanc e and Wyn’s warriors were sent packing. In the following move the Normans had-at the Scots again with the Norman Warlord and a unit of knights rounding on Wyn’s Thanes. But the Scots Hearthguard (the generic SAGA term for ‘top troops’ - in the Scots case - Thanes) made good defensive rolls and threw the Normans back, killing one of them.

In Lord S’s go he moved his Jomsvikings forward en-mass and crashed into the Anglo-Danes facing them. SAGA combat is a straightforward affair with one ‘normal’ D6 dice rolled for each figure engaged (base-to-base) in the melee. Each dice score rolled that is equal to or more that the enemy’s Armour value results in a hit being scored. A defensive dice (often called a ‘Save’ in other games) is then rolled by the defender, in an attempt to deflect any hits and avoid having to remove figures.  Below: The Sots hone hone in for attack on the  Norman warlord. warlord.

SHIFTING ALLIANCES  WOODEN OATHS OATHS Wooden Oaths introduc es a very interesting game mechanic into SAGA which allows players to switch sides during the game. At the beginning of every turn all the players decide which ‘team’ they want to be on, either Red or Black. To indicate this each player chooses a playing card of the appropriate colour and turns it over simultaneously. During the first turn there are two Red players and two Black (in our game the Scots and the Anglo-Danes were Red, the Normans and the Jomsvikings were Black) but this can chance with every turn and with every show of the cards. Throughout our game allegiances shifted regularly, the general rule of thumb being that players would want to try and align themselves with, who they felt, was the strongest player. In this scenario at the end of turn four, until the last turn (six), all allegiances are fixed; there could be no more oath-breaking!

44

For all their fearsome reputation it was the Jomsvikings who were on the receiving end of a good whipping this turn as the Anglo-Danes drove home six hits to one, forcing the Joms back from whence they had come (or at least in that general direction). Not content with the damage he had inflicted in the Jomsviking’s Jomsviking’s round, Nick activated his Huscals and went on the counter-attack, against Lord Sherwell’s Sherwell’s second unit of Hearthguard. However, before the Huscarls were able to swing an axe, Lord S announced he was playing the Jomsviking special ability “Punishment”, flourishing his hand manfully across his Battleboard revealed he had the three appropriate dice in that ‘Ability Box’. Or at least that’s what he wanted to do, but again Nick chose (as is the opponents prerogative) not to accept this punishment (literally!) and instead increased the Jomsvikings wrath by a further two.

 Above: The Norman warlord warlord is set upon upon by the Scots.

The Jomsvikings were positively fuming at this point and this was the queue for Lord S to warn of further terrible consequences if his troops became more wrathful. All that blustering and cursing seemed a little misplaced now however as Nick casually rolled a handful of high-scoring D6s and totally and totally wiped out one of the Jomsvikings Hearthguard units! The turn concluded with the high tension of the Allegiance Sequence (I will dispense with the drum roll this time round) with oaths being broken all round as the Scots choose to align themselves with the Normans and the Anglo-Danes with the Jomsvikings (yes those people they had just been battering seven shades out off!)

TURN 3

 Above: The Anglo-Danes Anglo-Danes and Jomsvikings fight fight out a bitter and bloody bloody round of hand-to-hand hand-to-hand combat in turn 2.

The changing of allegiances had turned the battlefield on its head somewhat, with the two players on the right hand side of the table now at war with the two on the left, as a consequence this turn saw little more than players manoeuvring their troops to face off against their new adversaries. However the Normans were able to capitalise on this with their bowmanship, by loosing a few bolts and arrows at their old pals the Jomsvikings killing four in the process.

It was intriguing, this shifting of allegiances - it’s doubtful any battles in history ever saw such side-switching going on during the course of a battle, but it certainly made for a different and strangely social game, as players were forced to constantly review there tactics and curses are traded as oaths were broken.

 S I T U  T H E

 3  U R N  T  F  R T O  S TA  E  H  T  N A T  O  I  T A

The players were evidently happy with the current status quo this turn, as the turning of the cards at the end of turn 3 revealed the alliances remained as they were.

D

B C

 A 45

 A

B

D

D

C

TURN 4 Wyn went first this turn and chose to remain inactive. He was ‘building up his Battleboard’, a standard SAGA tactic which meant that he traded action on the tabletop for more and better dice on his board. Nick’s Anglo-Danes moved menacingly toward the Scots. A burst of energy saw Lord Sherwe ll’s Dreng unit (warrior Jomsvikings) come into contact with the Norman crossbow men. The Jomsvikings were finally able to bring their pent up Wrath to bear as Lord S chose to evoke the ability “Hammer of Thor” - which meant his men inflicted a number of hits equal to his Wrath - 6 (maximum Wrath!) on the Norman crossbowmen. Sensing that wouldn’t be the last he saw of the Jomsvikings Wrath, Duncan consolidated, backing his Normans up the hill. This turn ended with another showing of the allegiance cards, this was the last time this sequence took place, from here on i.e. for the next two turns, the allegiances are fixed on this turn of the cards - and it’s red, red, red…. black. Only Duncan, the Norman player, had chosen the black team, so all the other players were now arrayed against him! On the face of it, it seemed like a desperate situation for the Normans, but it’s worth bearing in mind that the victory conditions for the game state that all players on the same side split all victory points gained equally. So, although there are likely to be more points in the red pot, these will have to go to three different players, whilst all black points gained (since the start of the game) would go to Duncan. Hmmm…. Top Right: The Anglo-Danes move menacingly toward the Scots.  Right: Jomsvikings slaughter the Normans. Normans.

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  N   U  R   T   O  F   T  A  R   S  T   E   T  H  A  T   N   O   T  I  A   T  U   S  I   E   T  H

 4

TURN 5 The Anglo-Danes got the turn underway and Nick hurled his Huscals forward into the rear of the mounted Norman knights. They turned to face the assault (a free move in SAGA) SAGA) but then instantly regreted it as Nick rained down with a handful of sixes - seven in fact! Taking out (following a good defence roll) two knights. Wyn had been quietly ‘building up his Battleboard’ for a couple of turns now, and he was ready to unleash hell. Springing forward with his Thanes he engaged the Norman Warlord and let loose with no less that four special abilities; “Keeping the Distance”, “Give Ground”, “Counter Attack” and “Of Wood and Steel” all of which amounted to a tirade of blows which unseated the Norman lord and sent his soul skyward.  Above: The Anglo-Dane Anglo-Dane Huscarls smash smash into the Norman Knights. Knights.

The Jomsvikings (all gnashing of teeth and biting of shields) pushed forward towards the Normans, who had only one thing on their mind - staying alive (no, not the Bee Gees song!)

C  A

T H  E S  IT  I    U  T   A T I O  ON    AT  T H  E S  T AR  T O  F T  U R  N 5 

D B

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TURN 6 This was it, one final turn to go before the points were totted up and the winner/s crowned. Faced with three different enemy warbands bearing down on them, the Normans were penned in one corner of the table, they just had to hold out for one more turn and not give up their lives. The Jomsvikings drew the lowest card and went first, they raced forwards, crashing into the Norman archers and taking three down in a flurry of axe blows. Now the Anglo-Danes moved. They were a long way from their quarry, but by using three activations Nick was able to hare across the table with one of his spear wielding Huscarl units and bring them into contact with Duncan’s last mounted knight. They jabbed and thrusted, and rolled yet more sixes, taking the last rider down.

 Above: The Anglo-Dane Anglo-Dane Huscarls take down down the last Norman Knight. Knight.

T  H   E S  I  T   U  A T   I  O  N  A T  T   H  E  S T   AR  T  O  F  T   U  R  N  6  

B

 A

C

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After their exertions in the previous turn Wyn’s Scots were able to do no more then look on and cheer for their allies. The Normans go. The victory point tally was on a knife edge - as things stood the allies (AKA the reds) - were going to win. They had enough points in the pot to divvy up and still win the game. But it came down to the last roll of the dice, because a unit of Jomsvikings were within range of the Norman crossbowmen and archers. The crossbowmen shot - nothing. Then arrows were loosed and six dice thrown, three

hits, no saves. Three of the Jomsvikings fell to the ground fatally wounded. The arrows of the Norman levy archers had won the day. A quick double (then triple) check of the points in the two pots, red and black, confirmed that when the red points were divided by the three players there was 7.33333 recurring for each player, whilst Duncan and the Normans took eight.

 Above: The ‘pot’ of casualties for the red red team. These kills were converted into points and then divided amongst the three red players 7.3 points per player - not enough to beat the black team (AKA Duncan) who had 8 points.

grin from the Norman, who then as we know went on to conquer the whole of England. But that’s another story. Did someone say “SAGA “SAGA Big  Big Battles is on the way”…?

It’s customary to say at this point “and there was much rejoicing!” but there wasn’t to be honest, just three glum faces (and more re-counting) from the Scot, Anglo-Dane and Jomsviking players and a satisfied

D

 Right: The Anglo-Dane Anglo-Dane Warlord. Warlord. Figure by Gripping Beast.

NORTHERN FURY   Northern Fury Fury is produced by Tomahawk Studios and published by Gripping Beast Publishing. It is the first supplement for the SAGA; Dark Age skirmish rules. www.grippingbeast.com

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MEANWHILE, BACK IN SCOTLAND… JACOBITE OPERATIONS IN SCOTLAND, 1745 By Andrew Bamford

 Above: French Royal Ecossais troops troops in the service of Prince Prince Charles. These figures figures are Front Front Rank Figurines Figurines conversions.

Whilst all eyes were turned to Charles’ invasion invasion of England, the war in Scotland was by no means over o ver.. Into the command vacuum left by Charles’ departure departure came Lord John Drummond, who replaced the ineffectual Lord Strathallan as Jacobite commander in Scotland. A regular officer in the French service, Drummond Drummond arrived at the head of a pocket-sized French force composed of two battalions of infantry and six guns. Lack of numbers notwithstanding, this contingent of regular troops would provide essential stiffening for the Jacobite forces. Often overlooked, the French involvement in the ’45 needs some explaining. The French kings had maintained an ambivalent relationship with the exiled Stuarts, initially aiding James II but later recognising the Hanoverian Succession in order to restore Anglo-French peace. In the run-up to the ’45, Charles’ status in France was at times dubious, and, after the failure of the planned invasion of 1744, much of the aid that he received was indirect. Whilst a successful rising and a Stuart restoration would certainly have been in

52

the French interest, it seems more likely that the real subtext was now to provide a distraction that would cause the British to withdraw troops from Europe. There, the main French army under Maréchal Maurice de Saxe had just defeated the Anglo-Dutch at Fontenoy and was poised to invade the United Provinces. Though rather cynical, France’s Jacobite policy of large promises and relatively limited military involvement was a great success and led to substantial French gains during 1746 and 1747 before the British Army returned to the continent in force.

There is also the rather vexed question of just how French the French military assistance was since, aside from a few staff officers and specialists, the troops that were sent were from foreign units in French pay. Leaving aside a privately raised company that should have accompanied Charles when he landed, but which ended up returning to France after the ship it was on was damaged in a fight with a Royal Navy warship, the remaining troops came from regular regiments composed, composed, in theory at least, of Scots and Irish exiles. In practice, however, the composition of these units was rather more mixed: it was over fifty years since the French Army’s Irish Brigade had been established out of the survivors of James II’s Irish forces, and many of the officers and men were now second or third generation FrenchIrish. Some Irish volunteers still took the risk of having themselves smuggled

ACTIONS IN SCOTLAND 174546

   N    O    I    L    L   6    E   4    B   7    E   1    R     E   5    T    I   4    B   7    1    O    C    A    J

across to France to join the brigade, but substantial manpower also came from British deserters and prisoners who preferred changing changing sides to sitting out the war in a prison. The situation of the newest regiment, the Royal Ecossais of which Drummond was Colonel, was even more complex. Whilst it was hoped that the unit would be filled up with Jacobite volunteers - Drummond even had a commission to raise a second battalion whilst in Scotland, which never materialised - the initial cadre came from the six regiments of Irish infantry. Drummond himself was Scots - a younger brother of the Duke of Perth - and so were many of his officers, but there would be few Scotsmen in the regiment’s ranks until it was reformed after the rising to incorporate many newly exiled Jacobites. Unfortunately Unfortunately for French plans, there was one major problem: the Royal Navy. Just as the initial attempt to send a company across with Charles had failed, so too did Britain’s control of the sea impede the plans to send Drummond’s larger contingent. Of the two French battalions, one was the Royal Ecossais and the other was a provisional unit known as the Irish Picquets. In French parlance, a picquet was a temporary detachment of fifty men drawn from a battalion’s fusilier companies: it could be used to assist the regiment’s Grenadiers, or for detached duties such as this. By taking a picquet from each of the Irish regiments, a battalion of 300

 Map from CAM106 CAM106 Culloden Moor 1746. 1746. © Osprey Publishing Publishing Ltd. www.ospreypub www.ospreypublishing.com lishing.com

men was formed. However, three of the picquets were captured at sea, along with sixty men of the Royal Ecossais and several staff officers, but the rest made it ashore at Peterhead, Montrose, and Stonehaven. Once Drummond had his force assembled, it gave him a disciplined nucleus around which to build an army. Arriving on the eastern coast of Scotland, Drummond was able to link up with the Jacobite forces being raised in that area indeed, had these Jacobite sympathisers not been able to obtain control of the ports it would have been extremely difficult for the French to land. The key figure in the raising of troops was Lord Lewis Gordon, brother of Cosmo, 3rd Duke of Gordon. Although the family had strong Jacobite sympathies inherited from the 2nd Duke who had been a key player in the ’15, Cosmo managed to sit on the fence throughout the ’45 and became a loyal Government man in its aftermath. Not so Lord Lewis, who, despite being a Lieutenant in the Royal Navy, made his way to Holyrood House in the aftermath of Charles’ victory at Prestonpans Prestonpans and there swore allegiance to the Stuarts. Charles promptly sent him back to the Gordon lands around Banff and Aberdeen Aberdeen with orders to raise troops. He eventually assembled a regiment of three battalions, all of which fought under plain white colours. The first of these was James Moir of Stoneywood’s, raised largely in and around Aberdeen and

containing mostly genuine volunteers. The other two, however, were raised from the surrounding countryside and Gordon was forced to press men into the ranks and accept considerable numbers from outside the area in order to bring them up to strength. These battalions were Francis Farquharson of Monaltrie’s, raised largely in Braemar and Deeside, and John Gordon of Avochie’s, raised in Strathbogie. Strathbogie. Monaltrie was able t o recruit substantial numbers of Highlanders, Highlanders, including some stray MacGregors, but Avochie ended up with a rather mixed bag of largely unwilling recruits and his battalion suffered badly from desertion. In part, Gordon had to resort to pressing recruits because he was not the only one seeking recruits in the area, which had already given up its keenest Jacobites to fill out the second battalion of the Duke of Perth’s Regiment. It may have been with a view to raising yet more men for this unit that James Crichton of Auchingoul was sent to Aberdeen in late 1745, since he bore a Captain’s commission in that regiment, but the unit that he raised effectively an overstrength company, though known as a battalion - remained independent for its short existence. A similar lack of success attended the efforts of Sir Alexander Bannerman of Elsick, who sought to raise a regiment in the Stonehaven area: although he did marginally better than Auchingoul, the resulting unit was again little more than a

53

reinforced company. More successful was Sir James Kinloch, sent into Forfarshire to form a second battalion for Lord Ogilvie’s Regiment. Kinloch was able to raise some 300 men, who would become some of the best drilled and effective of all the Jacobite infantry, but his success was due in no small part to the assistance of his second-in-command, Lieutenant Nicolas Glascoe of the Régiment de Dillon. Seconded to serve under Kinloch with the acting rank of Major, Glascoe ensured that the battalion was run in much the way he was accustomed to in the service of Louis XV. Not all these units were complete when Drummond landed, but there were enough men under arms to more than make up for those French who had not made it through the blockade. This was all well and good, for there were troops aplenty in northern Scotland still loyal to the Government, and their commander, Colonel John Campbell, Earl of Loudoun, had preparations well underway to put an end to the activities of Gordon and his associates. GOVERNMENT FORCES

The Government forces in Scotland fell into several bodies. There were regular garrisons in the castles at Edinburgh Edinburgh and Stirling, and in the forts along the Great Glen. Some of the latter had been attacked by the Jacobites early on, before Prestonpans, but had held out: most famously, Sergeant Terrence Molloy of Lee’s 55th Foot had held Ruthven Barracks with a garrison of only twelve men, defeating a far larger Jacobite force and winning himself a commission in the process. But these forces were

54

static and could not be spared for field service, leaving the burden to Highland troops loyal to the Government. A core of these came from the two regular Highland regiments, mainly Loudon’s own 64th, although there were also men in the field from the Additional Companies of Murray’s 43rd, the rest of which was with the Finchley Army. However, Loudoun’s regiment had been incomplete when the rising began, and had lost many men to the Jacobites (one of his erstwhile company commanders, commanders, Cluny MacPherson, was now Colonel of a Jacobite regiment in England): accordingly, much of Loudoun’s manpower came from the levies put into the field by those clans that had remained loyal to the Government. As with the clans that came out for Charles, this is not to say that the clan itself made the choice, but rather that the chief did: this, in turn, could be down to a variety of factors, not least of which being a chance to settle old scores with rivals who had backed the other side. Clans loyal to the Government included the MacLeods, Munros, and Grants, who provided much of the manpower for the eighteen Independent Companies of Highlanders authorised by Loudon: another, under Captain William MacIntosh, was formed from the townspeople of Inverness. THE ACTION AT INVERURIE

By December 1745, Loudoun reckoned that he had sufficient manpower to crush Gordon: he was, as yet, unaware that Drummond’s French reinforcements had arrived. Then, however, came news that old Lord Lovat, who had thus far

managed to sit on the fence, had very publicly declared for the Stuarts by launching a botched attempt to kidnap the Lord President of Scotland, Duncan Forbes of Culloden, from his home outside Inverness. Forbes had gotten away, but Lovat’s defection meant that Clan Fraser, of which he was the head, was now in arms for Prince Charles and needed to be dealt with. Believing this to be the major threat, Loudoun set off with all his regulars and half of the new Independent Companies to crush Lovat. In his absence, Norman MacLeod of MacLeod was sent with five Independent Companies, four of them drawn from his own clan militia, to keep an eye on Gordon. Later deciding that this was too small a force, Loudoun sent Captain George Munro of Culcairn after MacLeod with two more companies: his own, and MacIntosh’s. MacLeod might also have had the aid of the Clan Grant militia, whose laird, Ludovick Grant of Grant, had put four hundred men into the field for the Government only to be told by Loudoun that they could neither be paid nor armed and must thus be disbanded. Grant promptly sent his men home, although their brief appearance in the field had caused Gordon of Avochie to abandon his post at Fochabers, controlling the passage of the Spey, and retire on Aberdeen. With their path accordingly cleared, MacLeod and Culcairn marched their outnumbered command into Jacobite territory, reaching  Below: Royal Ecossais Ecossais soldiers clash with goverment Independent Companies in the action at Inverurie.

Oldmeldrum on 20 December. There, they at last received news that the French had landed, and the ill-fated decision was taken to put the force into billets in and around the small town of Inverurie, fifteen miles from Aberdeen, to await the arrival of Loudoun with reinforcements. Whilst MacLeod busied himself securing the best billets in Inverurie for his own clansmen, posting the other three companies in farms and hamlets to the north, Lord Lewis Gordon had preparations well under way to disturb his rest. Drummond had taken most of his French troops down to Perth, whence he sent out a proclamation that since the French were now in the field the Jacobites were French auxiliaries and thus the Dutch division could not, least it break its parole of honour, continue to serve against them. Since the Dutch were in Newcastle, this had little impact either way on things in Scotland, but the division was nevertheless sent home. Drummond had, however, left two companies of the Royal Ecossais to help hold Aberdeen, under the command of Major Lancelot Colbert, with whose aid Gordon was able to form a plan to march on Inverurie and, on the morning of 23 December, led 1,200 men out of Aberdeen to begin the attack. The Jacobite plan called for an attack in two columns, one of which would attack directly from the south while the other, larger, force would come in from the east. Colbert commanded the larger column, which Gordon also accompanied, whilst the smaller was under John Gordon of Avochie and consisted of his own and Kinloch’s battalions. Because this column had a shorter distance to travel, over easier terrain, it arrived in the vicinity of Inverurie before the main force: accordingly, Avochie Avochie ordered a halt a t Kinellar, six miles to the south, and sent scouts forward in order to have news of his allies and his enemies. Unbelievably, neither MacLeod nor Culcairn had seen fit to post any sentries or vedettes, and neither the scouts nor Avochie’s Avochie’s main body were spotted. The main column also approached Inverurie without detection, but having also arrived early several of the undisciplined Jacobites broke ranks to get a closer look at their objective and this at last ensured that the alarm was raised, late in the afternoon. Inverurie lies between the waters of the Don and Urie, which join just below the town: in orde r to attack, Avochie would have to cross the former and Gordon and Colbert the latter, and there were only two fords. In theory at least, the defenders could hold one ford with a skeleton force, enabling them to concentrate against the other attack and defeat the Jacobites in detail. In the event, however, neither MacLeod nor his men

THE ACTION AT INVERURIE, 23 DECEMBER 1745 In a wargame of Inverurie, it is important to account for the brittle nature of the Jacobite force, which – regulars aside – was made of pretty poor stuff. Even battalions like Kinloch’s Kinloch’s that would later perform well were at this stage newly raised and poorly drilled, whilst most of Gordon’s men were unwilling conscripts. The dangers of Colbert’s plan should also be taken into account, with some form of variable allowing for either, or both, Jacobite columns to be delayed and/or spotted whilst approaching their objective. The Government player ought also have some chance of recalling the three outlying companies, although since their officers were all in snug billets in Inverurie this either requires a sergeant to show unusual initiative or for someone to take the time to ride back and order them up. To create a larger battle, it might be worth testing the wisdom of Loudoun’s Loudoun’s decision to disband the Clan Grant Militia by adding these men to MacLeod’s force – this would give numerical parity, and possibly qualitative superiority, for the Government. THE OPPOSING FORCES AT INVERURIE, 23 DECEMBER 1745 GOVERMENT FORCES Norman MacLeod of MacLeod

Clan MacLeod Militia (4 Independent Companies, c.400 men) Culcairn’s Culcairn’s Independent Company (c.100 men) MacIntosh’s MacIntosh’s Independent Company (c.100 men) Unidentified Independent Company (c.100 men) Potential Government Reinforcements: Ludovick Grant of Grant Clan Grant Militia (c.400 men) Some sources indicate that the unidentified company was in fact also drawn from the Clan MacLeod, although this then begs the question of why it was detached from the others: others suggest the presence of a second company of Munro, as well as Culcairn’s. JACOBITE FORCES Lord Lewis Gordon Right Column: Major Lancelot Colbert

Régiment Royal Ecossais (2 Companies, c.100 men) Farquharson of Monaltrie’s Monaltrie’s Battalion (c.200 men) Moir of Stoneywood’s Stoneywood’s Battalion (c.200 men) Crichton of Auchingoul’s Auchingoul’s Battalion (c.100 men) Bannerman of Elsick’s Battalion Battal ion (c.100 men) Left Column: John Gordon of Avochie Avochie

Gordon of Avochie’s Battalion Battali on (c.300 men) Kinloch’s Kinloch’s Battalion (c.200 men) Some sources indicate a French “Major Gordon” commanding the Left Column, but this seems to be in error for Gordon of Avochie. Kinloch’s battalion (of Lord Ogilvie’s Regiment) was incomplete. Two cannon, taken from ships at Aberdeen, accompanied the force, but fell behind and did not take part in the action.

 Above: Royal Ecossais Ecossais troops, converted converted  from Front Front Rank Figurines Figurines by Tim Adcock. Adcock.

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 Above: Action from from our refight refight of the Battle of Inverurie. The ruined ruined buildings are are from Warlord Warlord Games Ruined Hamlet set and the figures are are by Front Rank.

were up to the task. Indeed, from the outset MacLeod seems to have assumed that he was beaten, in particular once it became clear that his attackers included the regulars of the Royal Ecossais. These two companies led the attack of Colbert’s column, moving quickly towards the Urie ford. This was situated next to the remains of an ancient castle, whose motte - known as The Bass - entirely dominated the crossing, but MacLeod abandoned both ford and motte without a fight to take up a position nearer the town. Thus, Colbert was able to get his whole force across and form a line of battle, with the

regulars taking the post of honour on the right, facing off against the four hundred or so MacLeods defending the town. Unaccountably, no attempt was made to call in the three outlying companies, whose arrival would have given MacLeod parity with Colbert’s forces. For a time, the Government Highlanders stood their ground and kept up a good fire: indeed, they performed better than the pressed men of Lord Lewis Gordon’s battalions, who began to falter almost from the start. Only the disciplined fire of the French regulars sustained the battle for the Jacobites, but help was

 Below: The Independent Companies Companies halt the advance advance of the Jacobites.

at hand as Avochie’s Avochie’s column was seen approaching the Don ford on the flank of the Government line. MacLeod now ordered a retreat, and his men fell back into Inverurie itself. The town consisted, apart from a few outlying buildings, of a single long street which the regulars of the Royal Ecossais now cleared by methodical street-firing, moving forwards a peloton at a time. Driven from the town, and now outnumbered three to one, the surviving Macleods broke and fell back, making their escape to the north into the darkness along with the three outlying companies, none of which had been engaged. Inverurie was hardly a bloodbath: five dead on the Government side and two more mortally wounded, as against nine dead Jacobites, most of them from the Royal Ecossais. Total wounded on both sides came to around twenty men, but, more significantly, the Jacobites took sixty prisoners and this, and the flight of their opponents, enabled them to claim the victory. Nevertheless, the MacLeods fought well - more like regulars than militia, according to Colbert - whilst most of the Jacobites scarcely fought at all: only sixty or so men of Avochie’s Avochie’s command followed him across the Don, whilst in Colbert’s column nearly all the fighting was done by the regulars (who Colbert in his report referred to as “the Irishes”, reinforcing the fact that these men were largely Ecossais in name only). Yet whilst the value of the French contingent was recognised, adding to

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its numbers was proving problematic. A plan to send all four squadrons of the Régiment de Fitzjames to Scotland achieved only partial success: one transport made it through, with a hundred-odd troopers but no horses, but the rest were captured at sea, as were another contingent of Irish infantry assigned to escort a consignment of bullion shipped by way of the far north of Scotland. Less excusable was the failure to land a composite force of 650 men from the regiments of Berwick and Clare: successfully sailing from Dunkirk they reached Aberdeen in February 1746 only to turn back on receiving news that the Jacobites had fallen back to the north. Yet a single transport that had become detached was able to successfully land a picquet from the Régiment de Berwick at Peterhead, which makes one wonder what might have been achieved had the Aberdeen contingent also made it ashore in time for Culloden. In the aftermath of Inverurie, however, all this was in the future. Aberdeen was secure for the time being, and Loudoun was still off on his wild goose chase after the wily Lord Lovat. Gordon could therefore take his men down to join Drummond at Perth, from where the whole contingent would march to link up with Prince Charles now that the invasion of England had failed and the main Jacobite army was once again on Scottish soil.  Below: The Royal Ecossais Ecossais (right) push push  forward, firing firing off a volley at close range.  Behind them are are troops from from Stoneywood’s  Battalion, including including a couple of Government deserters, press ganged into action after being taken at Prestonpans earlier in the year.

THE BA BATTLE TTLE OF INVERURIE

Potential Goverment Reinforcements if outlying companies called on.

Keith Hall & Grounds

River Urie

INVERURIE

Colberts Column

Goverment Firing Line The Bass Jacobite Firing Line

Church

(Colberts Column)

Ford

Ford

Gordon of Arochies Column

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Rough Scale in KM

MORE NEXT MONTH! We simply couldn’t contain all the content concerning this month’s theme into this one issue, so next month ( WI297 ) you will find the two concluding articles from The 45’ - The Battle of Falkirk and The Battle of Culloden.

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UNIFORMS AND EQUIPMENT OF THE FRENCH CONTINGENT IN SCOTLAND, 17451746 THE INFANTRY INFANTRY Most of the troops sent by France were foot soldiers, in two battalions plus several smaller detachments. Although Although the bulk of them were foreigners in French pay, their uniforms were very closely based on the standard French patterns whilst their arms and accoutrements were identical to those carried by French regulars. The basic French infantry uniform was, by the 1740s, beginning to look a little outdated. The coat, or justaucorps, was plain in cut and reached down to the knee: cuffs were deep and displayed the regimental facing colour, as did the collar in those units that wore them. Under this was worn a sleeved waistcoat, which was generally visible since regulations called for the justaucorps to be buttoned closed only at the waist. The basic attire was completed by knee-britches worn with white gaiters, and topped off with the ubiquitous cocked hat, although a bonnet de police or forage cap was worn off-duty: off-duty: neckwear was a tied black cravat. The standard infantry long arm was the 1728-pattern fusil d’infanterie, an elegant but somewhat fragile gun of smaller calibre than the British Brown Bess. Although the bayonet was now the primary piece of cold steel at the infantryman’s infantryman’s disposal, all ranks also still carried a hanger or epée de soldat , worn with the bayonet on a waist-belt. Grenadiers carried a sabre instead, but were otherwise equipped in the same way as the fusiliers, including headgear: bearskin caps did not begin to appear until the 1750s. Leatherwork was buff, although the cartridge box or giberne, worn on the right, was coloured either red-brown or black. The box itself was small and plain, with space for only nineteen rounds, and far less ornate than the larger pattern that had replaced it by the time of the Seven Years War. A powder flask, of either wood and leather, or horn, was worn attached to the giberne strap. Completing a soldier’s accoutrements was the havresac ordinaire, a large cloth bag with a buff leather strap, worn on the left side of the body. body. The contents were protected within a cowhide petit sac de la sac (literally, small bag of the bag), which could easily be removed to enable the soldier to use the outer bag as a sleeping bag. NCO rank was indicated by cuff lacing: around the edges for an Anspessade (Lance Corporal) and around the buttonholes for a Caporal. Regulations indicate that this should have been white, but it is likely that this applied

only to native French regiments who wore white coats and that foreign regiments wore lace the same colour as their justaucorps. Junior NCO uniforms and equipment were otherwise identical to the rank and file, as, for the most part, were those of the Sergeants. The latter, however, had metallic cuff-edge lacing matching the regimental hat lace, carried a  pertuisan (i.e. partisan or halberd) instead of a musket, and were issued with an epée of finer quality. Officers wore uniforms of the same colours as their men, but of far finer cloth and with the waistcoats - but generally not the  justaucorps - elaborately elaborately trimmed with bullion bullion lace rather than the false-silver or false-gold of the rank and file.

UNIT DISTINCTIONS Régiment Irlandais de Bulkeley: this unit furnished only a single picquet for the original contingent, which was amongst those captured at sea. Several officers did serve in Scotland, however. however. Red justaucorps with buttonholes laced in white; dark green waistcoat, britches, and facings; silver hat lace, pewter buttons. Régiment Irlandais de Clare: this unit furnished one picquet for the original contingent, which was amongst those captured at sea. A second detachment sailed from Dunkirk, but was unable to land. Red  justaucorps; yellow waistcoat, britches, and facings (no collar); silver hat lace, pewter buttons. The cuffs were an unusual “mitre” pattern, rising to a point near the elbow where they were held by a single button. Régiment Irlandais de Dillon: this unit provided one picquet for the original contingent, which successfully landed in Scotland. Red justaucorps with black collar and cuffs; white waistcoat and britches; gold hat lace, brass buttons. Waistco Waistcoat at buttons set horizontally two-by-two two-by-two and linked with red lace. Contemporary images suggest a white cravat rather than black, presumably to set off the collar. Régiment Irlandais de Rooth: this unit provided one picquet for the original contingent, which successfully landed in Scotland. Later plans called for the rest of the regiment to sail from Ostend, but this never materialised. Red justaucorps; dark blue waistcoat, britches, and facings (no collar); gold hat lace, brass buttons. Waistcoat buttons were set horizontally two-by-two and linked with orange lace.

Régiment Irlandais de Berwick: this unit furnished provided one picquet for the original contingent, which was amongst those captured at sea. A second picquet made it across in January 1746 and joined the army before Culloden. Further detachments sailed with those from Clare’s, but were likewise unable to land. Red justaucorps; white waistcoat, britches, and facings (no collar); silver hat lace, pewter buttons. Régiment Irlandais de Lally: this unit provided one picquet for the original contingent, which successfully landed in Scotland. Red justaucorps; green waistcoat and facings; white britches; gold hat lace, brass buttons. Régiment Royal Ecossais: this unit was embarked entire with the initial contingent, although not all of it evaded capture. Dark blue justaucorps; orange-red waistcoat, britches, and facings (no collar); silver hat lace, pewter buttons. Waistcoat Waistcoat and  justaucorps buttonholes buttonholes laced in white. The officers, and the officers alone, wore a short jacket of traditional Scots cut and the national blue bonnet. At least one officer of the Grenadier Company wore a British-style mitre cap, lavishly embroidered, which is now in Edinburgh Castle. There is no evidence whatsoever that any of the regiment’s regiment’s rank and file adopted these unofficial alterations. This was the only French unit to carry its colours in Scotland. Compagnie Maurepas: aka Grassins de Mer: these were the troops who sailed with Charles in July but who were forced to return to France. Uniform details are sketchy for this shortlived volunteer outfit, but included a dark blue  justaucorps  justaucorps with with red facings, facings, and and red waistcoat waistcoat and britches. The Grassins de Mer nickname may suggest that they wore the mirliton shako of France’s light infantry, made famous by the Arqebusiers de Grassin at Fontenoy. THE CAVALRY The bulk of France’s mounted arm, including the one unit to reach Scotland, was composed of heavy cavalry. Unlike the infantry, the coat frequently sported lapels and turnbacks during this era, and was of a shorter cut. Britches and waistcoat - the later more akin to a jerkin were buff leather. A cuirass (breastplate only) was worn over the jerkin but under the coat, although one regiment, the Cuirassiers de Roi, still wore full back-and-breast back-and-breast armour. All

 Right: 1. Re-enactor representatio representation n of a Caporal of the Régiment Régiment de Dillon. As a junior junior NCO, his arms and equipment equipment are identical identical to those of the ordinaryy Fusiliers, with his rank being indicated only by the additional red lacing on his cuffs. All ranks also had similar lacing linking the paired ordinar buttons of the waistcoat, not visible here. (Photo by Lucy Elliott). 2. Fusilier, Fusilier, Regiment Lally: :The newest-raised of the Irish regiments, Lally had green collars, cuffs, linings and waistcoats, white breeches and yellow hat lace. The waistcoat is in the same style worn by Dillon but lacks the lace loops linking the two rows of buttons. 3. Officer, Regiment Rooth: Captain Thomas MacDermott of this regiment testified that ‘Many French officers got highland clothes as a protection against the Highlanders who joined us’; while another, another, Captain John Burke of the Regiment Clare, more explicitly declared that ‘I wore the highland habit to avoid danger in travelling in red clothes’. This officer has compromised by wearing a plain greatcoat over his scarlet regimentals with dark blue facings and lining and gold lace. 2 and 3 are illustrations by Gary Zaboly from Elite 149, The Scottish Jacobite Army, 1745 - 46, © Osprey Publishing Ltd. www.ospreypublishing. www.ospreypublishing. com. These three represent the original Irish Picquets, commanded by Lieutenant Colonel Walter Stapleton of the Regiment Berwick, which landed in Scotland late in 1745.

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regiments also wore cocked hats concealing an iron “secret” or skullcap. Arms comprised a carbine, a brace of pistols, and a heavy cavalry sword. NCO rank for Brigadiers (equating to Corporal of Horse) was indicated by double metallic lace on the cuffs: officers, like their infantry counterparts, wore lavishly embellished versions of the standard uniform.

UNIT DISTINCTIONS Régiment de Fitzjames: The whole regiment embarked for Scotland in February 1746, but only one of the four squadrons made it across successfully. successfully. Mounted on horses requisitioned from the Jacobite cavalry, they may well have abandoned the cuirass rather than overburden their new steeds; some troopers were never mounted and fought on foot at Culloden as part of the Irish Picquets. Red coat with blue lapels, turnbacks, and cuffs; buff smallclothes; silver hat lace and pewter buttons.

ARTILLERY AND ENGINEERS

UNIT DISTINCTIONS

Men of these specialist arms were uniformed much as the infantry. Guns were typically four, eight, and twelve pounders, but in Scotland the few French gunners helped man the assorted Jacobite pieces, with most of the available manpower split up to serve as instructors. The Corps du Génie was composed only of officers, drawing on workmen from other units as required.

Régiment Royal d’Artillerie: Several officers and twelve rank and file were sent to Scotland, mostly with Drummond’s initial force. Dark blue justaucorps; red waistcoats, britches, and facings; brass buttons and gold hat lace. Corps du Génie: Several officers attached as advisors. Grey justaucorps with black facings; red waistcoats and britches, gold hat lace. Gold buttons, with pockets and buttonholes of waistcoat and justaucorps trimmed with gold lace.

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TRADE ACCOUNTS WELCOME CONTACT WEST WIND [email protected] 

(0044) 01457 879330

BLENDING IN Using Foliage to Camouflage your tanks

By James Brown  As Monty Python told us, camouflage is the art of ‘how not to be seen’. seen’. One of the simplest ways to achieve this,  when driving around in a natural environment, is to take some of that environment with you. you. So naturally, naturally, a popular method of concealing vehicles has long been to attach pieces of the readily available local greenery. greenery. is is not the easiest thing to recreate in miniature on wargaming models, but with the right products and a bit of effort, you can dramatically enhance the look of your army. army.  A wide range of artificial artificial foliage is available, available, in a variety of colours, styles and materials.  A good hobby store store should have everything you need. e best scenic materials have traditionally come from model railroading suppliers, but that is gradually changing, as more products are appearing tailored specifically to wargamers’ needs. CLUMP FOLIAGE e simplest way to model miniature greenery is clump foliage, chunks of suitably coloured foam rubber. It is easy to use, stands up fairly well to handling, and looks quite convincing – at least from a reasonable distance.

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 A QUESTION OF SCALE SCA LE

‘LEAF FOLIAGE’  You  You can now buy a variety variety of more advanced products featuring tiny scale leaves, attached to coloured sheets of a dense, fibrous backing - either rubberised horsehair or a synthetic equivalent. e backing is fairly stiff, and can be stretched apart, bent or crushed into shape. ‘Leaf foliage’ takes a bit more effort to use, and is a little less robust than foam clump-style products, but this is justified by the realistic and eye-catching results.

Because it was designed for model railroad enthusiasts, many manufacturers will describe the size of the foliage in terms of a model railroad gauge (HO, N, etc.). It is easy enough to find out what actual scales these refer to, but it is better to simply trust your own aesthetic judgment. As long as the scale of the foliage looks right to you, that’s good enough. Consistency of scale is always crucial for creating realistic-looking models. But with the varied, organic forms of vegetation, minor deviations from ‘correct’ scale are much less apparent than with man-made objects. Unless you happen to be a botanist, you probably don’t need to be hung up on slightly oversized leaves. Nevertheless, try not to choose a product

obviously intended for much larger much larger scales than your models. Generally speaking, for 15mm vehicles, the smaller the leaves the better.  Also availa available ble are are several several ranges ranges of beautiful beautifully ly detailed individual leaves. ese can produce exquisite results on scale models, but they are not really appropriate for wargaming figures, unless you are making a diorama or display model - they are just too delicate and take too long to apply.

Some branch options: Plastic tree pieces, twisted wire, twigs and dried plant roots. BRANCHING OUT

 You  You can create an even more more natural effect by adding skeletal branch structures. A variety of commercial products are available from your local hobby store or the Internet, including plastic model trees, photo-etched brass, and a kind of dried seaweed which closely resembles tree branches. For a cheap but laborious option, you can twist wire into appropriate shapes and paint it brown. Laser-cut paper leaves: attractive but impractical.  APPLYING LEAF FOLIAGE

 After choosing a style of leaf foliage foliage suitable to the theme of your army, use small scissors or a sharp hobby knife to cut the fibre backing, separating manageable clumps from the sheet. Try to pinch, stretch and trim them into realistic-looking bunches. Using tweezers can help.

Plenty of free options can be found in your garden, such as small pieces of twig, or even plant roots - with the dirt carefully cleaned away, away, of course. Whatever you find, it must be fine enough to look reasonably scaleappropriate, but not too delicate to su rvive the rigours of gaming. Allow the stuff to dry thoroughly, thoroughly, and if it is still too soft, it can be stiffened with one or two thinned-down coats of varnish or PVA PVA white glue. is will help to strengthen your branches somewhat, but they will remain fairly fragile, so handle them carefully.

MAKING IT STICK 

 You  You can’t can’t attach attach your foliage until after the the model is painted, so you must take extra care not to ruin your hard work. PVA  white glue is the best choice, choice, as it won’ won’t damage the paint or make too much of a mess. Carefully apply just enough glue to hold your ‘plants’ in place, and allow the glue to dry fully before handling the model. PVA has a slight shine when it dries, so you may want to give the model, including the foliage, a light spray with a good aerosol matt varnish. Cyanoacrylate (Super Glue) is not recommended, as the fumes can sometimes create a white ‘ghosting’ ‘ghosting’ effect, spoiling your careful paint job. Use reference photos to help you decide how much foliage to apply, and where to place it. Your camouflage will sur vive better if you can choose positions on the vehicle which don’t need to be handled too much during gaming.

Below: Glue leaf foliage to your branches, adding a small section at a time.

Remember, vehicle crews tended to attach branches, not whole trees, so vary the size but try not to make them comically large.

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100%

 M8 Scott with a light covering of leaf foliage.

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 M5 Stuart with a more generous covering.

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 M4A3 Sherman so densely covered with leaf foliage and root and twig branches, branches, it is almost invisible. (One might almost mistake it for an M10 GMC!)

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100%

Panther G with several colours of leaf foliage and dried-seaweed branches.

100%

 Jagdpanther with leaf foliage carefully arranged along the gun barrel.

100%

 As with any modelling project, project, it is a good idea to begin begin by doing some research. Good reference material will always help you get more convincing results. But remember, historical photographs are only a guide, and the only real limit should be your imagination (within reason, of course – you’re you’re not staging Macbeth, so try not to transform your army into a mobile forest). Now you know ‘how not to be seen’, you can have hours of fun cleverly concealing your tanks and other vehicles. Just be careful not to lose them on the table!

Coming soon from GF9 is a range of Static Grass Tufts and Leaf Foliage to further enhance your Miniatures. Keep an eye on the GF9 website for further announcements. StuG III G with clump foliage and branches made from plastic tree-skeleton pieces.

www.GF9.com

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TM

 Battles with model soldiers soldiers  th  th  in the 16 and 17 centuries  This 208-page 208-page hardback hardback book describes describes the Pike Pike & Shotte game and its various procedures and rules as played by its creators and their friends. The author’s aim is to enable and encourage the reader to recreate the deeds and battles of the fighting men of the time with armies of model soldiers on the tabletop. Our game provides rules for all the fundamentals of  warfare such as the command of troops, movement on the battlefield, the effects of shooting with an assortment of ranged weapons, the role of morale as well as close quarter combat. Detailed rules and  separate army lists cover the differences in the methods of fighting throughout the period, and the book also includes numerous examples of further rules allowing players to tailor games to their own preference. preference.  There are also six six complet completee example exampless of Pike Pike & Shotte Shotte battles within the book, embracing a range of conflicts that occurred between between 1500 and 1700 1700 – both real and  imagined.

Hugo Raleigh Raleigh – get this exclusive miniature  miniature   free with all all Pike Pike & Shotte Shotte rulebooks  rulebooks   purchased directly directly from Warlord Warlord Games. Games.

P i ke  ke & S h  hootte r u  u l leeboo k

£ 3  30 0

TM

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Plastic American Infantry £22.50

The boxed sets contains parts to make 25 plastic, multi-pose US infantrymen, with enough equipment and weapon options to represent Americans in all theatres of the war, or even Korea.

These characterful models will be great centrepieces or commanders for your Jacobite Rebellion battles.

Bonnie Prince Charlie £5

The Duke of  Cum Cumberland £5

Order via post (cheque/postal order) to: Warlord Games, T04/T10 Technology Wing, The Howitt Building, Lenton Boulevard, Nottingham NG7 2BY

For all the latest deals and special offers, check out our out our web site at:

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PIKE AND AND SHOTTE AN EXTRACT FROM THE NEW RULES By Steve Morgan The following article is an extract from the new wargame rule book - Pike and Shotte by Warlord Games. Before we begin, author Steve Morgan tells us a little about the rules. My hope is that people with an interest in the era of Pike & Shotte, whether fully developed or newly nurtured, will flick through the pages of the book and emerge on the other side entertained, intrigued and even inspired to put some miniatures on a table to play a game with friends. If it achieves all three then that would be a grand thing indeed. The rules are based on Rick Priestley’s  Black Powder; the rules mechanics are the same and hopefully also the tone of the book. Pike & Shotte aims to be ‘foremost an entertainment’, as Rick would eloquently put it.

caused a few more grey hairs and much gnashing of teeth, but we got there in the end. The old adage ‘If it ain’t broke, don’t fix it’ seems to be appropriate, with much of what made the rules tick in Black Powder staying in this set. However, However, there are many facets of warfare during the period 1500 to 1700 that really deserve their own specific rules to get a feel for the period on the gaming table.

Now there are many trains of thought on exactly where the era of Pike & Shotte sits in terms of timeframe. For the sake of this volume we will be looking at 1500 to 1700, and focussing on Europe. I hope the extract on the following six pages gives you an insight into the sort of games you can play using Pike and Shotte and leaves you wanting to try out the rules for yourself.

The book actually began life as a supplement to Black Powder, but it quickly became apparent that too much would be missed if it was not treated as a stand-alone rule set. It has also overrun by rather a long time, a fact I was constantly reminded of in the Warlord Games offices. The thing is, this is a period that I am very passionate about and I wanted it to be right. The delays have

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MATT PARKES PAINTS:

THREESTAGE

PAINTING In this article, I will be demonstrating the basic three-stage ‘wargames standard’ approach approach to painting figures. This is convenient, pot-to-pot painting without using inks, starting with a basecoat, midtone and highlights. I use this method for most of my work, as it is fast, flexible and easy to manage any mistakes. For this example I am painting up a unit of Perry Miniatures American Civil War dismounted Union cavalry figures. We needed a unit of these figures, specifically Wilder’s Brigade, for an upcoming issue of Wargames Illustrated  and  and as they are not too complex (helped by the fact Wilder’s troopers stripped all cavalry insignia and piping from their uniforms) I thought they would work well for this article too.

BEFORE WE START WITH THE PAINT

As usual, I did all of my basing before any primer hit the models. I added a shattered fence on a few bases for a little more visual interest, making sure that any detail was within the base edges for easy “ranking-up” “ranking-up” later on. Because these figures will be used for gaming, any extra bits added need to be as strong as possible. I used a plastic fence post for the upright as this will stand being dropped better than a wooden post (although wooden crossbeams will survive just fine). These were stuck down with 5-minute epoxy glue. Unless otherwise specified, all paints used in this article are from the Vallejo  paint ranges.

• A little bit of research

• Primer choice

After looking at the miniatures, I was not sure of the best base colour to use for their regulation trousers; a quick look on the Vallejo website soon solved that. They have released an ACW paint pack, and the paint colour I needed was Deep Sky Blue 844.

With the colour scheme now in place, the models were sprayed up in grey primer, as this neutral tone suits the blue trouser basecoat.

Painting three-stage faces I am just going to cover this briefly as next month’s article is all about painting faces and skin. The most common colours I use for Caucasian skin tones are Beige Brown 875, Beige Red 804 and Flat Flesh 955. These three colours together are warm, but not sun-tanned,, with the highlight not being too stark. This approach, and these colours, can be easily transferred to 15mm (opposite). sun-tanned

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• What area to paint first

This depends on the miniature, but I normally start with the largest area, or the most difficult part to reach (like a shirt underneath a shell jacket if there was one showing). In this case, with Wilder’s Brigade, I started with the trousers as this matched the primer colour better. With the jacket being a dark Prussian blue, I knew that the basecoat for that would need to be black. At the end of the day, it’s a lot easier to paint darker basecoats over a light primer, later on. • Choosing the right basecoats

When you are doing research for your miniatures, it is fairly easy to find out

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the main colours /midtones for your unit. As a painter, you then have to decide what the basecoat will be and later, the highlight colour. This choice is typically down to experience with your own paint collection. If you are using the Foundry triads, with their three-tone packs, all the choices are made for you and it becomes a very quick way to paint. As I use Vallejo paints, I have formulated my own three-stage colours that work for me. For example, woodgrain is - Flat Brown 984, Beige Brown 875, and Brown Sand 876.  I keep notes on all the projects I work on and the paint I use. This is especially useful when I am using paint mixes.

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• Main colour/Midtone

• Highlights

The midtone is the most important stage of painting the miniature and has to be applied with care, making this the slowest stage. What you are trying to achieve here is basic lightsourcing and using the basecoat as a shadow for the figure. I will be going into a lot more detail about this in a later, more advanced painting article.

This stage brings out all the sculpted detail on the miniature, creates lightsourcing and differentiates the various areas of the miniature. I know that a lot of painters skip this stage to be “more realistic” but that, in my opinion, only works effectively for large scale AFVs and other fine-scale military modelling subjects. Figures on a wargames table do look better with a highlight, and for this stage of painting I use a ‘00’ brush.

I try to make this layer smooth, clean and bright as that is my style of painting (4). You can always weather the area up at a later stage if required. I used Deep Sky Blue 844

3

What you are looking for in a basecoat is a paint that compliments the midtone and is easy to paint over. I painted two examples of different basecoats: the first using a black basecoat (1), which is too dark and, in the end, required three coats of Deep Sky Blue 844 for a smooth colour, and the second using a Pastel Blue 901 basecoat (2), which is too light and doesn’t show up the shade very well.

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After these two examples didn’t work very well, I opted for a tone in the middle of black and pastel blue, Dark Sea Blue 898 (3). This shows up well with photography (something I often have to consider working for Wargames  Illustrated ) and is not too stark.

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Choosing a highlight is just like your basecoat, you have to find a colour that compliments the midtone. If the highlight is too light (5), it can affect the overall colour context, making it appear chalky. If this does happen, it can be rectified with a few coats of a suitable thin ink wash. For the Wilder Brigade trousers, I chose Sky Blue 961 for the highlight (6). I use this colour quite often for blue highlights as it retains the right tone, even when thinned right down.

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Lining and zones After the trousers are finished, I then had to choose the “lining” colour for the rest of the miniature. This is a technique that separates two areas in a graphic way, way, almost like comic book art. Traditionally, lining is done with a thinned wash after the two areas are finished. Looking at the finished figure’s uniform and colour scheme, I obviously decided to go for black lining. Generally, I use either Black 950, Black Brown 822, or Black Grey 862 depending on the colour of the zone. For example I used Black Grey 862 on the model to the left, where the sleeve cuff meets the gloved hand. As this article is about keeping things simple, painting fiddly lines with the possibility of mistakes is time consuming, consuming, so I paint the next area completely in the “lining” colour and move on to the basecoat afterwards. This technique does have the benefit of keeping things tidy as you go.

 Adding some variety to the unit When painting an accurate uniform, there is often very li ttle room for adding different colour tones, but you can add some diversity within your unit, with hair colour and if possible shoes, webbing, weathering and horses. With this example, I have painted their hair different colours; black, mid-brown, ginger, and straw blonde.

Painting three-stage bases  1

Very similar to faces and skintones, I use certain colours for different countries. Recently I have been painting a lot of European figures, but these colours also work well for the eastern United States. The most common colour combination is German Camouflage Medium Brown 826 (1),

2

drybrushed with Brown Sand 876 (2) and then drybrushed with Iraqi Sand 819 (3). Just for an extra layer of protection on the base, I drybrush the static grass with Buff 976. This helps bring out the detail of the grass and makes it more rigid and durable when gaming.

3

The next thing to do with the bases is to paint the edge. This makes everything neat and tidy, I always use black. I know this is not to everyone’s taste, but it is a standard colour with no difference in tone. I have seen too many armies looking a bit odd because none of the edge colours match up. After everything is completely dry, the final thing to do is give the unit a coat of matt varnish, from a can for an even coat.

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PAINTING AN ACW DISMOUNTED DISMOUNTED UNION CAVALRYMAN Germ.  Dark Prussian Cam. - 826   Blue - 899

 Black - 950

Gold  Brown - 877  877 

Prussian  Blue - 965

Yellow Ochre - 913 Flat Flesh - 955

 Beige Red  - 804  Beige  Brown - 875 875 Gold - 966 

 Brass - 801  Black - 950

 Dark Sea  Blue - 898

25/75 mix

 Brass - 801

2.

1. Gunmetal - 863  Black - 950 25/75 mix

 Dark Prussian  Blue - 899  Black - 950 Gunmetal Grey - 863

Flat Brown - 984

 Black Grey - 869

Sky Blue - 961

 Deep Sky  Blue - 844

3.

 Black Grey - 869

Prussian  Blue - 965

 Neutral Grey - 992

Germ. Cam. - 826 

 Iraqi Sand - 819

 Brown Sand Sand - 876 

 Beige  Brown - 875 875

4. Static grass, drybrushed with Buff 976. Also trim any hanging grass from the edge of the base

 Neutral Grey - 992

 Brown Sand Sand - 876 

5. Whole figure has a coat of matt varnish

Next month Matt will be taking a closer look at one thing that troubles many wargamers when painting figures: painting faces and skintones.

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 July 19-22, 2012   Add  A dd a new dimension to your wargamin wargaming!  g!  If you like military history and recreating the world’s great battles then you will love HISORICON, America’s leading historical miniatures wargaming convention. Imagine  yourselff in command  yoursel command of the the 2nd Ranger Battalio Battalion, n, attacking attacking the German positions at Pointe du Hoc; or take the place of  Maj.. Gen. George Pickett,  Maj Pickett, leading leading the Confedera Confederate te charge charge on Cemetery Ridge. Now imagine that your troops are not cardboard counters or electrons, but instead hundreds or even thousands of beautifully painted miniatures maneuvering on realistic three-dimensional scenery. sc enery. Tat’s Tat’s miniature wargaming!  Tese are the types of games you will find at HISORICON, an event so impressive it was called “the mother of all wargaming conventions” by the Wall Street Journal. And you don don’t ’t need to bring anything. Just show up to choose from the hundreds of elaborately staged wargames from all time periods. A giant vendor hall offers thousands of hobby products, including board games, miniatures, rules books, and accessories. Tere are national tournaments, internationally famous War College speakers, flea market bargains and much more. Mark your calendar now and make plans to attend HISORICON 2012! 

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SWISS SW ISS TROOPS IN NAPOLE NAPOLEON’S ON’S WAR WARS S A LOOK AT NAPOLEON’S LOYAL MECENARIES By David Greentree David Greentree has authored several books for Osprey Publishing. In his latest - Napoleon’s - Napoleon’s Swiss Troops Troops - he dispels some of the myths surrounding the mercenaries and their service to the French. Here he provides some compelling arguments (and uniform guides) for including a battalion or two of Swiss troops in your waraming army.

and Louis XVI used them as a personal bodyguard as well having a Guard regiment. In 1792, loyal to the last, the Swiss Guards tried to protect him at the Tuileries Palace but were outnumbered by the mob and massacred to a man.

WHY INCLUDE SWISS TROOPS IN YOUR FRENCH ARMY?

After the Revolution the Swiss professional soldier and even the Swiss nation seemed anachronistic, the spirit of revolution seemed to have swept away the concept that armies should be made up of professional soldiers for hire; the Revolutionary Wars and Napoleon’s early victories showed how monarchs who relied on small professional armies with large numbers of mercenaries could be overrun by the levee en masse.

Well, the Swiss contingent, as well as adding unexpected colour (they mostly wore red uniforms), gives the opportunity to represent on the table a military force whose achievements are often misunderstood. The Swiss are sometimes derided as unreliable mercenaries, able to contribute little more than garrison troops so Napoleon could free up French soldiers for the battlefield. In 1808 the surrender of two regiments of Swiss troops at Baylen suggests they were little more than mercenaries who would swap sides if the odds were against them and so had no place on the battlefield. However these deserters should not be confused with the troops that Napoleon contracted the Swiss cantons to provide - instead they were Hispano-Swiss formations, formerly part of the Spanish army who had decided to fight for the French in Spain when Napoleon put his brother on the throne.

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Studies of French and German literature and personal memoirs of Swiss troops set the record straight and their tactical achievements were far greater because of the strategic context in which they were fought. Whether it is a single battalion in Italy, a brigade in Spain, or a division in Russia, having a contingent of varying size to complement a French army on the tabletop is, for those of us who relish historical accuracy, completely feasible. As well as serving together in the same division as part of II Corps when Russia was invaded in 1812, various Swiss units fought both in Italy and throughout the Peninsular War. NAPOLEON AND THE SWISS In the 18th Century Swiss troops were a feature of many different armies. Spain, Italy, and Piedmont all had contingents that served against Napoleon and even the British were recruiting them. However the French monarchy was their greatest employer. The Royal French Army had eleven Swiss line regiments

Still, Napoleon realised there were some  jobs that the professional Swiss soldier, rather than the eager French volunteer, was more suited to. Asking his own countrymen to make endless sacrifices in military campaigns that did not always go according to plan would damage his domestic position. Unlike wars in the 18th Century, when battles were won and then peace signed, in the Napoleonic Wars there was still a butcher’s bill to pay by those troops caught up in interminable occupation duties. Using French line units to

suppress these revolts was not popular with French recruits. However, the alternative, the use of foreign troops, would only work if they were reliable. In 1798, to help repel the allied invasion, a small all-arms contingent called the Helvetian Legion was recruited and paid for by the Swiss government. By 1803 the Swiss agreed to supply four regiments to Napoleon’s army, which replaced three previous demi-brigades, and in 1805 battalions were also recruited from the Swiss provinces of Valais and Neuchatel, neither of which were part of the Confederation. All these units would continue the Swiss military tradition of courageously serving France. As the Swiss were not part of an army that fought for their own King or government, they could be incorporated more fully into the French military machine, and were perhaps more valued. ITALY

The Swiss first proved their worth in southern Italy in 1806. On 5 July the 4th battalion of the 1st Swiss regiment, along with two battalions of Poles, formed the rearguard at the Battle of Maida, on the toe of Italy.

The British had landed 5,400 men to threaten French supply lines. General Reynier, Reynier, himself Swiss, quickly gathered 6,500 men to counter the landing. Both sides advanced to contact, but the French were decimated whilst deploying from column to line when the British line delivered three volleys and a bayonet charge. However at one stage the Swiss threatened to turn the battle by firing a volley “within very close range”, this had been possible because their scarlet uniforms made them appear as friends. However the damage to Reynier’s force had already been done and the French

lost some 2,000 men with the British force suffering just 300 casualties. In the coming years, all four battalions from 1st Swiss took their turn to suppress insurgent activity in Calabria. Joseph Bonaparte was so impressed with their diligence he wanted to buy them, which was ratified by the Swiss cantons but did not happen because Joseph left to become the King of Spain.

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SPAIN AND PORTUGAL

In 1808 Napoleon grossly underestimated popular Spanish resistance to his usurpation of the Spanish throne, 20,000 men (including two Swiss battalions and the two Hispano-Swiss Hispano-Swiss units) under General Dupont were sent to deal with the resulting unrest in southwest Spain. The Spanish general, Costanos, had an army of 34,000 men waiting at Seville, ready to pounce. The situation became perilous when Dupont was faced with an order by Napoleon to hold his ground, he would not disobey. However, when part of the Spanish army entered Baylen along his line of retreat, Dupont turned about to recapture the city to reopen his way home. With the main Spanish army closing on what was now his rear, Dupont threw his French and Swiss units piecemeal at the town. The 3rd/4th Swiss alone lost 300 men, but all was in vain - surrounded and with Baylen still in Spanish hands Dupont saw no other option but to surrender. Vedel’s division, detached towards the rear with the 1/3rd Swiss, did not arrive until after Dupont capitulated and they also surrendered, on promise of safe passage back to France. However, one company of 122 Swiss soldiers with the battalion eagle marched back to Madrid. They would see the wisdom of this decision as the Spaniards reneged

 NEUCHÂTEL BATTALIO BATTALION; N; POLAND, SUMMER 1812 - Senior Officer

 Illustration by Gerry Embletom,  from MAA 476, Napoleon’s Napoleon’s Swiss Troops, © Osprey Publishing Ltd. www.ospreypublishing.com

This beautifully painted Swiss battalion saw Darren Linnington pick up the Best Overall  Historical award in the Salute 2011 painting competition. Figures by Perry Miniatures.

on the repatriation and the Swiss found themselves imprisoned on the barren island of Cabrera or in prison hulks in Cadiz, harbour; in 1810 a few men escaped when the French laid siege to Cadiz but the majority never returned to see their homes again. Elsewhere, three battalions of Swiss troops were with Marshal Junot, who was sent to occupy Portugal. The fusiliers were used as garrison troops to fight off insurgents that threatened lines of communication back to Spain, whilst the elite companies were used in the field against Wellington at Rolica and Vimiero. After Junot’s defeat at Vimiero, the British honoured their promise to repatriate the men back to France in accordance with the terms of the Cintra Convention.

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 Above: Dave Woodward Woodward painted this battalion of marching Swiss mercenaries. Figures by Perry Miniatures.

In late 1808, Napoleon came to Spain to avenge Baylen and Vimeiro. Two further battalions, the 1/2nd Swiss and 2/3rd Swiss, were brigaded together in Soult’s II Corps, which chased General Moore’s expeditionary force to Corunna. Although they missed this battle, both units - together with a battalion from the 4th Swiss - fought Wellington at Oporto in northern Portugal in 1809, before retreating back to Spain over mountain tracks. The 4/4th Swiss joined them that year and in 1810, because of the losses suffered from constant campaigning, this unit incorporated the remaining rank and file of the other battalions (the officers went back home to form cadres for new units). This combined unit was then part of the Army of the North, deployed to guarantee supply lines back to France. Both the Neuchatel and Valais battalions were also deployed to Spain. The former came across British regulars near the Portuguese border and then later served in Catalonia. Garrison duty was rarely an idle affair, as attacks by the partisans on isolated towns were common. The Swiss proved to be staunch defenders. At Pueto-elSanto, for example, 50 Swiss troops barricaded themselves into a fortified house and church steeple, and despite running out of food and water, repelled insurgent attacks for three days before help arrived. In another encounter the Swiss came off the worst. The 333 strong Swiss garrison besieged in Puebla de Sanabria capitulated in exchange for passage home, but only 113 are recorded as returning to France - the balance were either persuaded by the British to join their ranks or killed before the surrender had been made. Despite this setback,

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such was their overall reputation that General Kellerman formed the elite Swiss companies into a special personal guard force. Far from being unreliable, the record of the Swiss in the Peninsula shows they would not capitulate at the first sign of trouble. RUSSIA

In March 1812, a new convention between France and Switzerland stipulated each regiment would be composed of three (instead of four) active service battalions, a depot semi-battalion and a company of artillery. Each active service battalion was to consist of six companies of 140 men one of grenadiers, one of voltigeurs, and four of fusiliers. Each regiment was to have an artillery company with two 3-pdr cannon. For the invasion of Russia in 1812, the four Swiss Regiments made up the majority of General Merle’s Division in Oudinot’s II Corps. After crossing the border in late June, this unit, together with the Bavarian VI Corps under St Cyr and a division of cuirassiers from III Cavalry Corps, guarded the left flank of Napoleon’s main force as he chased the elusive enemy into the Russian hinterland. By mid-August, because of the distances the troops had covered, French numbers had dwindled, and the Russians attacked at Polotsk. During the battle the Swiss were placed in reserve and on the final day succeeded in driving off a massed Russian cavalry charge by forming square. The Russians withdrew and Polotsk remained in French hands. On 12 October, 1,000 reinforcements arrived. However, the Russians had been reinforced too and could muster

40,000 men against St Cyr’s 27,000. He was forced to defend Polotsk because the Russians attacked his entrenched positions before their enveloping force was in position. The Swiss excelled in fighting from the defensive positions built to the north of the town, where there were numerous redoubts for the field guns and trenches for the infantry. On 18 October, the elite companies of the 1st Swiss held the fortified church at Rostna until they ran out of ammunition and became surrounded by two Russian regiments. Instead of surrendering, they fixed bayonets and successfully broke out, leaving 150 dead comrades behind. The next day, a strong Russian force attacked the 1st and 2nd Swiss Regiments deployed in the front line. Rather than withdrawing, these units charged their attackers and a violent melee occurred. Two Russian divisions were soon deployed against them. The 3rd and 4th Swiss Regiments, which occupied the ramparts of the town, left their entrenchments and, covered by canister fire from the redoubts, helped their comrades withdraw in good order.

The French had bought themselves time to make good their escape. On the night of 19 October, the 3rd and 4th Swiss formed the rearguard whilst the rest of the army retreated over the Dvina. Burning buildings illuminated the withdrawal and the Russians immediately launched an assault. Ferocious urban night fighting erupted as the Russians fought in vain to seize the bridges over the river before the French could get across. The Swiss rearguard broke free and then all the bridges were blown.

UNIFORMS Demi-Brigades (1798 - 1805)

Swiss uniforms in 1798 followed the French pattern. However, the traditional red colour of the coats worn by Swiss regiments in French service, ever since the Spanish War of Succession, was replaced with republican blue. All demibrigades wore a plain blue jacket with red facings, a blue waistcoat and trousers, and a bicorne adorned with a cockade in Swiss colours (red, yellow and green). By 1800 the jacket had yellow lapels and cuffs, both piped red, with yellow piping on the green cuff-flaps, the red collars, the red turnbacks, the shoulder-straps, and the pockets (with red-piped shoulderstraps or epaulettes for grenadiers). From 1803 the red coat was re-instated and distinctive unit colours were established. Helvetian Legion (1798 - 1803)

The Swiss had helped save St Cyr’s command and would do the same for Napoleon at the Berezina River. Admiral Tchichagov’s Army of Moldova had marched from the south to cut off Napoleon’s retreat. II Corps held them at Borisov, but the bridge had been accidentally destroyed, forcing the French to build improvised crossing points at Studienka ford further north. Oudinot’s II Corps, including 2,500 Swiss remaining in the ranks, guarded the approaches to the bridges on the west bank. Behind them stood the Guard, the final reserve, with 10,000 men. On 28 November the first regiments of Tchichagov’s 35,000 Russians attacked up the west bank to capture the crossing points. Snow was falling, reducing visibility at times to 50 yards. The Swiss, vastly outnumbered, outnumbered, soon ran out of ammunition. Lieutenant Legler told how 300 men stood idly behind their officers for lack of cartridges. He asked General Merle to order a bayonet charge, which, to the amazement of the Russians, twice occurred at 100 paces, forcing the enemy to retire. Oudinot ordered the Swiss to take cover in the forest as their advance exposed them to the fire of the Russian guns. Moments before he was hit, he ordered General Doumerc’s 400 cuirassier to charge through the sparse pines of Brill Wood to stabilize the situation. The Russians in the wood were taken by surprise, around 600 were run through while the rest, those that could, fled. Crucially, the Swiss advanced in support of the cavalry and many were made prisoner. The Army of Moldava ceased to be a threat that day. What remained of the Swiss units accompanied the remnants of Napoleon’s army out of Russia.

1813 - 1815

Swiss units participated in the 1813 campaign in Germany and the 1814 campaign in France (each Swiss regiment raised one battalion from survivors of the retreat from Russia, depot units that had remained behind and Peninsula veterans) but were not involved in the major battles because they were predominantly part of Davout’s Army of the North. In 1815 after Napoleon’s return from exile, such was their loyalty to their French comrades that enough Swiss volunteered to form two battalions and one fought at Wavre with III Corps.

For the Helvetian Legion, line infantry wore a blue uniform very similar to that of the demi-brigades. demi-brigades. The light infantry wore dark green coats with lapels and turnbacks of the same colour, all piped red, pointed cuffs (also red), yellow waistcoats, white crossbelts, dark green breeches, black gaiters, and bicornes with a green plume or ‘carrot’ pompom. There were two squadrons of hussars who wore a dark green dolman with yellow braid and Austrian knots, red collars and pointed cuffs both piped yellow; below the dolmans they wore braided yellow waistcoats with red collars, a twisted sash of red (and/or green) and yellow, dark

 Above: This battalion of Swiss troops look as if they’re on parade, almost all with eyes left. The figures are from Foundry and were painted b y Tom Weiss. Weiss.

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with uniforms, there was inevitable variation in styles of headdress, ranging from differing shako plates (the ‘diamond’ style was apparently not uncommon), fixed or detachable visors, grenadier plumes in white-tipped red or red-tipped white, voltigeurs with yellow or white cords, the presence (or absence) of shako bands and chevrons (red for grenadiers, yellow for voltigeurs), and of course the habit of the 3rd Swiss to wear their pompoms on the upper left side of their shakos. (An unusual depiction in the Berne Manuscript shows a voltigeur from 3rd Swiss wearing a busby with black bag, yellow collar with red piping, yellow epaulettes, and black lapels with red piping).

 Left: The portrait is of ‘Officer de la premiere’ Samuel  Hollande of the 1st Battalion, 2nd Regiment Swiss in French service. The jacket and forage cap are reproductions of those that would have been worn by the 3rd Regiment of Swiss in French service 1806 - 1812. From the collection of Alan Perry.

green breeches decorated with a yellow stripe and Austrian knots. Black mirliton caps (decorated with either a red flamme edged in yellow or cords in green, red or yellow) and a plume in Swiss colours completed the uniform. Swiss Regiments (1805 - 1812) All four Swiss regiments in French service wore standard French uniforms, but in the distinctive Swiss colour rouge garance (madder garance (madder red). Up to and including the Russian campaign the Swiss had the pre-1812 habit  with  with long skirts and regimental facings on the collar, lapels and cuffs. The piping around the facings varied in

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contemporary paintings but should have been sky blue for 1st Swiss, yellow for 2nd Swiss, white for 3rd Swiss, and black for 4th Sw iss. Waistcoats, Waistcoats, breeches, crossbelts and turnbacks were all white. Voltigeurs had a yellow collar with regimental piping, yellow epaulettes with a ‘bugle-horn’ of the same colour on their turnbacks and a green sword knot. Grenadiers had white epaulettes and a red ‘flaming grenade’ motif on their turnbacks. It should be noted that for both voltigeurs and grenadiers there were certainly variations on these themes across the regiments. Headdress was the French shako adorned with a brass ‘crowned eagle’ plate, a tricolour cockade with company pompom on top, and white cords. Voltigeurs had the same shako with a diamond-shaped plate bearing a light infantry horn motif, as well as a green-tipped yellow plume with green cords, and grenadiers were distinguished by a black bearskin with brass eagle plate, a cockade, red plume, white cords, and brass chinscales. As

Sappers followed the French pattern, with gold-fringed epaulettes, a yellow eagle on their turnbacks, and pairs of crossed axes on each sleeve. Drummers had blue jackets with regimental facings, all trimmed with gold lace and piped according to regimental colour. There is a dearth of reliable information about the dress of the artillery companies, but it is reasonable to assume that they followed the French style (as the artillery company of the Neuchâtel battalion more or less did) in having all-blue uniforms piped in red. Officers’ uniforms were more varied as one might expect, though they followed the French style in general and their regimental patterns in particular. Officers wore a gold gorget with silver eagle around their necks and carried swords (with gilt hilts) in a black and gold sheath on white bandoliers. They wore gold-trimmed and tasselled hussar boots, white gloves, and had a goldfringed epaulette on their left shoulder and a counter-epaulette on their right. For headdress they could wear either a shako or a bicorne. The shako had gold cords and sometimes a white plume. Fusilier officers had top and bottom gold shako bands; voltigeur officers had only an upper band. Valais Battalion (1807 - 1811) The Valais Valais battalion followed the French pattern of dress, wearing a red jacket with white lapels, collars, cuffs, and cuff flaps, all piped in red. Buttons and shako plates (an eagle) were yellow metal or gold. Grenadiers were distinguished by white epaulettes and their shako, which had red bands and chevrons as well as a red plume or pompom; there is no evidence of Valais Valais grenadiers wearing a bearskin, and no evidence of a voltigeur company at all - original documentation refers to fusiliers and grenadiers only. The addition of voltigeurs seems to have been (according to Dempsey) an assumption on the part of the artist of the Wurtz collection that was subsequently echoed by succeeding secondary sources.

Neuchâtel Battalion (1807 - 1814)

In the Neuchâtel battalion the jacket was the most striking feature, being bright yellow or chamois in colour, earning them the sobriquets ‘canaries’ (from their fellow Swiss), sirens  in France and amarillos, pasidos or canarios in Spain. According to Guye, the distinctive yellow of the uniform pleased Marshal Berthier but ‘never failed to provoke some heckling and mockery from men in other units.’ François Robert, a soldier in the battalion, described how in August 1813, the moment before Napoleon inspected the battalion ‘weapons were polished, belts were whitened, yellow ochre was used to cover the spots on our jackets, chalk of Spain for the stains on our trousers and vests. Finally the great day arrived. Our appearance was magnificent  – the fur bonnets of the grenadiers, the green plumes of the centre companies and the yellow plumes of the voltigeurs all made for an excellent effect.’ Aside from the colour the jacket was also notable for having short tails (slightly longer for officers), with the bottom of the lapels either flush with the coat’s

front edge or ‘squared off’ an inch or two above the cutaway; lapels, collars, cuffs, cuff flaps and turnbacks were all red, piped yellow. Waistcoats and trousers were white, and gaiters were of the light infantry mid-calf style, either plain or sometimes cut to resemble hussar boots with lace edging and tassels. Neuchâtel fusiliers are shown with either white epaulettes or yellow shoulderstraps edged in red. Carabiniers wore bearskins without any plates (and possibly without the usual red cords and plumes as well) on formal occasions, shakos at other times, and were also distinguished by red epaulettes, sword knots and gaiter-lace; for voltigeurs the epaulettes, sword knots, gaiter-lace (when worn), shako bands and plumes were the usual green. For all three troop types fittings (buttons, shako plates, chinscales, officer’s epaulettes, etc.) seem to have been white meta l or silver. Neuchâtel’s artillery company wore an entirely blue uniform with yellow collars and cuffs, all piped red, with red epaulettes and shako cords as well. Sappers had yellow lapels, black cuffs and blue collars, and wore a bearskin with red cords and red plume.

 NEUCHÂTEL BATTALIO BATTALION; N; POLAND, SUMMER 1812 - Sapper Sergeant (left) and Voltigeur (right). Illustration by Gerry Embletom, from  MAA 476, Napoleon’s Napoleon’s Swiss Troops, © Osprey Publishing Publishing Ltd. www.ospreypublishing.com

Swiss from Foundry,  painted by Tom Weiss. Weiss.

 1812 REGULATIONS REGULATIONS In early 1813, after the Swiss regiments had to be reformed following the disastrous losses of 1812, the soldiers wore uniforms that followed the Bardin regulations, which had been issued on 19 January 1812 but were not enacted for most until 1813. The main change was the adoption of the habit-veste (a short tailed jacket w ith ‘plastron’ style lapels) to replace the habit long, though regimental facing colours remained the same. The 1812 shako did away with cords, replaced pompoms with a disc of padded cloth bearing the number of the battalion, kept chinscales, used coloured bands and chevrons to denote elite companies, and had a plate that was a crowned eagle on a semi-circular base into which the regimental number was cut. The bearskin was phased out so grenadiers mostly wore shakos with the aforementioned red bands and plumes. A painting in the Brunon Collection shows a grenadier in 1812 style uniform wearing a shako with red plume, red lace trim top and bottom, and red ‘V’ chevrons, but with no piping on the collar, cuffs or lapels. There were more subtle changes to the dress of all four regiments, mostly to do with piping, but how far the Bardin regulations were implemented is open to conjecture. Illustrations of Swiss troops from this period show a variety of dress, some according pretty exactly to Bardin, some (like a grenadier of the 1st still sporting white epaulettes) showing that old habits were dying hard, and others demonstrating a more practical bent, with soldiers wearing trousers in dark greys or blues (often with stripes of lace in the facing colour down the seam), and officers in more casual jackets (usually cut like a short-tailed red surtout, with one or two rows of gold buttons).

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THE TH E MAKIN AKING G OF

SEVASTOPOLISH or TAKING A WALK WALK AROUND THE TABLE By Dave Bodley of Grand Manner After the success and critical acclaim from our showcase Lone Pine table displayed at Salute and HISTORICON 2011 (and featured in WI283), we decided to ask Dave Bodley, of Grand Manner, Manner, to build us another table for the two big shows in the UK and and US. This time around we decided decided to tackle a “what if” scenario set in a section of the Sevastapol siege lines during that hellish time in 1854-55. Over to Dave... Following on from my work on last year’s Lone Pine “feature table” for the WI /Battlefront /Battlefront booth at Salute (and for the WI283 theme content), it was great to work with Dan again on building another big display piece for the magazine.

This time around the task was a little different. Rather than working from maps of a particular section of a battlefield, I was going to be creating an un-named area of the defensive works around the besieged city of Sevastopol. The idea

was to present the terrain of the Crimean peninsula, the depth and style of the defences, and still provide a satisfactory gaming surface. The plan for the battle would see a British force advancing steadily against the Russian guns and defensive positions, while supported by artillery of their own. With all those things in mind, I began my research.

.net Dave Bodley, of Grand Manner, does some really wonderful work. If you’d Pine table from 2011, along with a fe w more photos from like to see the Lone the Lone Pine table this year’s Sevastopol-ish Sevastopol-ish table,  table, then make sure you head to our website this month to check out the excellent craftsmanship.

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   6    5    N    8    A    E   1      M    3    I   5    R    8    C    1    e   R    h    A    T    W

 Above: The 1st Battalion of the  Mohilev Regiment (right) charge  forward in attack column against the initially stalwart 55th Regiment.  Left: Our Sevastopol-ish table in all its glory during the game we reported on in WI295.  Below: During that same game, the Highland Brigade and Guards  Brigade reached the defences of the  Russians at roughly the same time.  It was the brave men of the 42nd, however,, who would b e the first to however gain a foothold in the trenches.

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Inspiration, Research, and Planning

There are a number of accounts that describe the siege and defensive positions around Sevastopol. There are also lots of photographs and paintings from the period that tell the story well. The best of these has to be the commemorative panorama that captures the frenzied activity of an assault during the long siege. Inspirational stuff indeed! From the research I was able to see that the surface of the terrain was very uneven, covered with small rocks and boulders, with patches of grass scattered around. Rocky outcrops, gullies and

long, sloping ridges form the base for the terrain. This challenge was to simulate this look and still provide a smooth surface for miniatures to move across. We first decided on the size of the panels for the board (remembering we needed to move and store these but also, most importantly, to be able to reach the centre of the board!) I used two 5' x 4' 4' panels that would bolt together to give an 8' x 5' game table. One key element was the long slope, there’s a rule I use with this so that your figures don’t fall over and it still looks right: 12" rise = 36" length.

At this stage it was important to have a sketch of the initial plan, including: KEY ELEMENTS: • British start lines, including artillery battery positions • Long, sloping hill to ridge-top fort • Comprehensive artillery/infantry defences on ridge top fort TERRAIN FEATURES: • Rocky gully/ravine • Rocky outcrop with low lying shrubs • Small stream • Small redoubt

The Panoram Panorama a (seen above and below) 1854-1855” is a well-known work of art, and a monument to the heroic defenders of The Panorama “Defense “Defense of Sevastopol in 1854-1855” Sevastopol during the Crimean War. It is the work of Franz Alekseevich Roubaud (1856-1928), an outstanding military artist and the  founder of Russian Russian panoramic panoramic art. The canvas canvas and life-size plan plan for the panorama panorama were were created created over three three years in a special special pavilion in Munich, where Roubaud lived. On 14 May 1905, on the occasion of the fiftieth anniversary of the heroic defence, the panorama was opened. The iconic work was nearly destroyed during World War II when, on 25 June 1942, bombing caused a fire in the building housing the panorama. EightyTashkent.. six segments of the canvas were saved, carried from the besieged Sevastapol by the destroyer Tashkent  After World World War War II it was decided decided to restore restore the panoramic panoramic painting. painting. Unfortunately, Unfortunately, the original canvas canvas had suffered suffered badly and it was deemed impossible to restore the saved fragments. Under the direction of academics V.Yakovlev (1893-1953), and, after his death, P.Sokolov-Skal (1899-1961), 17 Moscow-based painters recreated the panorama in three years. At the same time builders reconstructed the ruined panorama building. To mark the centennial of the first defence of Sevastopol on 16 October 1954, the Panorama was re-opened.

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 Above: The original proposal sketch by Dave Bodley. Seeing this helped everyone involved to get a better idea of what the table could look like. Additional suggestions were incorporated into the final table design.

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Making the Terrain Once the landscape height and features had been decided (after a bit of discussion with Dan) I glued down polystyrene panels/sheets panels/sheets with No Nails adhesive (AKA Liquid Nails). Once dry and set, I used an old wood saw and hacksaw blades to carve out the sheets, smoothing off the surface with a 40 grit sandpaper. The extra smooth areas were finished off with a 120 grit sandpaper.

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After the carving and sanding was complete I fixed a thin plywood border around the panels (1), trimming the top edge with a jigsaw to follow the contours of the board. This gives a great, clean line to the panels which can then be painted or varnished. Once the sculpting was finished, it was time to put the “hard landscaping” on - including the large rocks, boulders, gabions and fort structure (2 and 3). A selection of the gabions and defensive position’s used can be found in the Grand Manner range. These were all glued down with a hot glue gun or PVA glue.

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The next stage was coating and texturing the surface (4, 5, and 6). I saved a bit of time by adding the base tone paint to the texture material (in this case fine sand) before I applied it. I typically use a brown - either chocolate or raw umber is a good start - and mix it with PVA glue and the sand, to create a very sturdy surface texture. You could also use a product called Artex, or any pre-textured paint, really.

 Below: The table is fully textured and, when dry, is ready to be painted.

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 Above: Here are two ‘work in progress’ progress’ shots of the backdrops. While various elements of the table were drying, Dave would work on these.

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I painted the table in much the same sequence as I always do. I first painted all of the brown tones, drybrushing successively lighter layers, and using different browns in areas for variation. Then I moved on to the greys, then the greens. To add some more contrast, I finished off the painting stage with the “fine detail” colours.

Adding flock and grass tufts to the terrain was one of the final stages and really lifts the overall effect. Random patches of low grass and spots of tall grass, by rocks and boulders, works well. The odd clump of coloured sponge foliage or lichen, amongst the rocky outcrops, created some great looking shrubs and bushes.

The painted backdrops were the final touch. After spending so much time looking at images from the panorama, I felt compelled to paint them, and figured it would help Dan when photographing for the final articles. An example can be seen in the photo below, as the Highlanders grab a foothold in the Russian redoubt.

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SEDGEMOOR AND MORE... PART 2  THE GAME

By Richard J. Hattersley

WI292 my fellow gamer and friend Nick ‘The Mole’ Buxey supplied In WI292 my Wargames Illustrated  readers  readers with an excellent account of how he went about designing and constructing the terrain and Rebel f orces for our group’s Sedgemoor Sedgemoor game. I believe it was with no small amount of devilment that he chose to only tell half the story and invited me to write an article covering the Royalist forces and the game itself. Well, here goes... T’was Derby Worlds, October 2010 that I first heard mention of our group - ‘Like a Stone Wall’ - putting on Sedgemoor as a display game. I realised that having not been present at the group’s AGM, I would not have been allocated a role. This year we were re-fighting Waterloo. I had only moments earlier watched the first outing of the Union Brigade, all 108 pieces’s painted by yours truly. They had been forced to charge at a horrible disadvantage, been utterly thrashed and were now back in their boxes under the table. I didn’t even like Napoleonics, overkill on Airfix 20mm plastics as a

 Rebel guns wreak wreak havoc in the Royalist lines.

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pre-teen had killed that particular love. I’d avoided the AGM for fear my flighty nature would find me roped into another similar project. No-one, however, had mentioned anything to me about the pike and shot period. Sedgemoor had slipped right under my radar. I’d have to move fast. “Virtually have all the Royalist units already!” I blurted. “You “You may as well help Mole with the game then,” replied Tim Whitworth, group leader/despot… I was in… up to my neck. In truth, I knew I had a couple of the units (Kirk’s and Trelawney’s) which, with new command bases, would serve

nicely. I was also fairly confident that, following a few alterations, my collection would provide more. My vision of what lay ahead was a little naïve. Driving back from the show I was, dare I say it, quite excited. In fact, I was about as excited as a 43-year old, married man with three kids gets about such things. This was something I could get my teeth into without the guilt. I had a lead mountain of unpainted figures, for just such a project. That evening I once again proved that men can multi-task, by listening to the TV and my wife at the same time, whilst taking in the details of units and their uniforms. I spotted that my Douglas/ Scots guards and Irish Guards wore the same uniforms as Dumbarton’s and the Foot Guards respectively. I would adapt these with new command bases, flags and grenadiers. That night I went to sleep a happy man, my dreams filled with hobbying and scheming.

CREATING AND CONVERTING CREATING THE ROY ROYALIST ALIST ARMY FOR FOR SEDG SEDGEMO EMOOR OR

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 Above: Kirk’s Kirk’s Regiment of Foote

KIRK’S, TRELAWNEY’S, AND DUMBARTON’S - Twelve bases

These were mainly Dixon figures with the odd Foundry officer figure. I simply painted a couple of new command bases with the correct flags for Sedgemoor. The only conversions were to Kirk’s grenadiers, giving them furtrimmed caps. Dixon already produce a figure with fur-trimmed grenadier cap but I didn’t have any, so... a bit of greenstuff, viciously pricked at with a Stanley knife* to produce a fur texture. I also needed a new command base and grenadiers to turn my Scots guards into Dumbarton’s. The grenadiers are Essex figures from their grossly underrated Late 17th Century range and the grenadier sergeant is a Foundry conversion with an Essex head and halberd.

 Above: Trelawney’ Trelawney’ss Regiment of Foote

THE COLDSTREAM GUARDS AND BOTH BATTALIONS OF FIRST FOOT GUARDS - Nineteen Bases

These were entirely created from my Foundry lead mountain. The main conversions were head swaps throughout and grenadiers for the Coldstreams. A note on the old Foundry range. There were plenty of different heads to choose from within that huge old Marlburian range but a pack of infantry in a certain pose were simply eight of the same figure. How times have changed. What happened to toy soldiers? I shall, however, mourn the passing of this range as it did have a certain charm. I was compelled to commence serious butchery on the old Foundry range with many head swaps (obvious) and twists (simply part cut through with a sharp modelling knife where the collar meets the neck and carefully twisted with pliers to a jaunty angle).  Above: The Coldstream Guards

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The Rebels put to flight by the Royalist cavalry.

Most armies of this period were similarly clothed and equipped. Therefore, a new flag or command base will often create an entirely different unit. I have even been known to replace the pike stands with a few “tricorn bases” and use them alongside my later Marlburians for games with friends.

During the following months I read through my available available material. If you also read many of the same books, you will be surprised by the level of contradiction found within them. In the main I favoured J Tincey’s Sedgemoor 1685. I found this book a ripping good read and highly analytical, which shows quite a bit of skill on his part. I knew Nick was heavily involved in a large ACW game for Triples 2011, so the delay in progress came as no surprise. I casually tinkered around with a knife, drills, files and the green putty, converting ECW figures and Marlburian cuirassiers into Oxford’s Horse and chopping figures about to make the Coldstream Guards, but not much else. Finally released from other duties, Nick kicked into gear and as he reeled off all the villages and farms he wanted to show, show, I realised his vision for this battle was far grander than mine, I voiced my concern about the low number of troops for such a large area, he was unmoved at best. It was his baby after all. I started to think about the more unusual aspects and interesting minutiae we could explore. I mentioned a few things we could try out, believing I was simply throwing ideas in the hat, so to speak, but this was to have unforseen consequences later.

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THE ARMIES

The rules our group use are primarily designed to cope with truly huge battles. Small armies with small units may simply not survive long enough to give a satisfactory game. Nick and I had briefly discussed a ratio of 1 figure per 20 men (our collections are multi based; four foot figures or two mounted per base). With three of the Royalist Infantry units at Sedgemoor fielding a mere 250 men each, three base units would simply not cut the mustard, but rounding them up could invite charges of bias to the Royalist cause. I thereby settled on a ratio of 16:1. This also allowed Atherley’s troop of Oxford’s Horse (attached to Villier’s command) and Oglethorpe’s Patrol to be fielded as separate, small but viable units. My final, and most controversial, decision was the splitting up of the Horse Grenadiers and Lifeguards into two separate units. With rounding up or down, unavoidable with multi-based figures, I finalised the Orders of Battle (presented on the Wargames Illustrated  website this month). ACCOMMODATING THE FORCES (an important aspect of any table!)

With any display game, it is always preferable to set the whole thing up and play it through prior to the big day. The nature of the beast dictates that with a large display this is not always possible. This can be a double edged sword. On the one hand, all the hard work leads to the great day of reckoning, finally enjoying the battle in all its glory. On the

flip side the potential for a frustrating and disappointing disappointing experience exists when: (a) units are too large to fit in their area of deployment, deployment, (b) units are too small and can be simply ignored/bypassed, (c) there is no room to carry out that historically accurate manoeuvre, and/or (d) that huge stack of figures you were asked to buy and paint are never going to get on the table, never mind near the fighting. I was determined this battle would not suffer any of the above, for the sake of a few measurements. So, I simply measured the Royalist initial deployment, deployment, factoring in room for Kirk’s and Trelawney’s regiments and the light guns to switch flanks (if required). All the Royalist forces (my main area of interest) were to be set up behind the Bussex Rhine and in front of the Westonzoyland village. The Rhine (or dyke) has a significant curve, allowing the space necessary for figures we needed to. Nick also wanted to show the Bridgewater Road and bridge so he side-slipped it a bit to accommodate it on the table With the exception of a quick discussion on the requirements for the Bussex Rhine area, all terrain issues were to be decided by Nick. I was content in the belief that as long as I provided The Royalist Army, a number of carts, camp vignettes, artillery equipment and tethered artillery horses My responsibilities to the project would be fulfilled. I knew Nick was making a church, but when out of the blue an email arrived with a picture of the newly completed Westonzoyland church. I was utterly

LIFEGUARD HORSE - Seven bases

 Above: Sir Walter Walter Clarges (Reiver) leading. The Lifeguard Horse (rear) along with the three bases of Horse Grenadiers (front).

gob-smacked! I even showed my wife the photo of Nick’s “tower of power” as it became known. She was suitably impressed. This spurred me on. I even got my wallet out and bought some additional figures. By the end of the project I had assembled and painted 400+ pieces, including many conversions, far in excess of my original estimate. However, this paled into insignificance at the sight of Nick’s efforts. Four weeks before our first demo date at Partizan, a new photo arrived, showing not one but two churches, sat on 22 beautifully crafted, but unpopulated, unpopulated, terrain boards all set up on Nick’s drive in the sunshine. Having seen this photo, our conversations of June, came flooding back - I had questioned the rationale of creating a huge expanse of terrain with relatively few figure’s on it, his reaction had been rather stolid and unconcerned. I looked at the photo again and afforded myself a moment’s contemplation, which embedded within me, a slight pang of concern for my little friend’s sanity.

Exclusively Foundry, with head swaps from within the range. HORSE GRENADIERS - Three bases

These were my only unit of Front Rank figures. They brought out a single Horse grenadier figure just in time. I converted a couple of arms to give variation, cut the carbine off another and made the cornet by adding a flag. I also added a cavalry officer in floppy hat. Sorted! The size difference - Front Rank being much taller and heavier set figures than the rest of my collection bothered me, so by filing the metal base right down and then digging away at the MDF base to create a 3mm recess this dropped the height by about 5mm and they fit in nicely. OXFORD’S HORSE - Eleven bases

Now these are unique, and took some work. Forty-four figures including horses. Nobody made these at the time and I didn’t fancy buying that lot unless they were going to be correct. The Dixon and Foundry cuirassiers I did have were wearing the later Austrian-style pot. I wanted three bar lobsters on the majority at the very least. What I did have in my lead mountain were a lot of ECW cavalry wearing buff coats. From these I made the vast majority of Oxford’s. Oxford’s. I set to, lengthening coats, modelling pockets, putting big turnback cuffs on, and carbine belts all in green-putty. I drilled, pinned and glued carbines to figures that didn’t didn’t have them. The remainder of this unit I made up with a variety of head swaps etc. The only Marlburian-style horses I had were Dixon which were all the same pose. So, I bent a few necks and cut off or re-shaped the large squared blanket roll so the Foundry figures would fit. To give more variety to the horses I used Foundry horses from a number of ranges. I flattened off the pistol holsters with “the knife”* and a file and added putty holster caps and saddle cloths. Oxford’s took a fair amount of work but I was pleased with the results. ROYAL DRAGOONS DRAGOONS  - Five mounted bases and five dismounted bases

Converted mainly from Foundry’s Old Marlburian tricorn dragoons and given floppy hat head swaps. No floppy hat dragoons were ever made in this range.  Below: Oxford’s Horse. Sir Francis Compton can be seen rear left whilst in the foreground Major Charles Orby takes a break, to allow a junior officer to pray.

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PARTIZAN SEPTEMBER 2011 or NEVER UNDERESTIMATE THE MOLE

Nick had arrived early and set up. I arrived at Partizan feeling a little peaky, my fear of wide-open spaces in miniature having kept me up all night, assembling and painting equipment for an artillery park. I hadn’t been asked to do it and, in hindsight, my time would have been better served asleep. My fears were to prove entirely unfounded, the sheer depth of detailed terrain had seen to that. I was stunned by the vision and still trying to take in the detail when I heard words that seemed to be coming from Nick’s mouth, drifting across my sleep-deprived mind: “ I wont be playing the game Rich, I will be dealing with the public, If you could run the game, that would be most helpful. Thanks”. Thanks”. I rubbed my nicotine patch. It obviously wasn’t working properly. In a haze I started unpacking the Royalists from their boxes. I felt like I had just delivered pizza to the cast of a West End musical, been handed a microphone, shoved out on stage and told to get singing! The crowd was in and the stage was set. I stood there in the dark, awaiting the spotlight’s glare, knowing full well that although I knew the chorus, I only had a vague idea of the verses and what order they came in…

Somehow we managed to bungle our way through. Most of the crowd was interested in talking about the table and the terrain which kept Nick busy and left the rest of us to fathom out the mechanics of the game which, on this first outing, don’t bear much of a re-telling, to be honest. However, I had learnt quite a lot from this very public dress rehearsal and was very pleased when Tim called a group meeting and proposed we take the game to Derby. DERBY WORLDS OCTOBER 2011 or THE REBELS GET THEIR COMEUPPANCE

Fast forward a month - I arrived at Derby (a two-day show) on the Saturday morning, ashen-faced and sweating profusely, Dr Nick (another of our group) took a look at me, asked a number of personal questions and quickly diagnosed that I was suffering from a massive hangover. I would play Royalist along with Dr Nick. Tim (whose core rules we use) would play Monmouth, aided by various group members over the weekend. Mr Buxey would once again act as a very informative and jolly game show host, regaling Ladies and Gents alike, with tails of his “Tower of Power”, whilst entertaining the children with his collection of miniature creatures dotted about the table.

 Below: One of the two campsites Richard built to accompany his Royalists. Tents, supplies, wagons, and milling soldiers and civilians cane from a wide variety of manufacturers.

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ONTO THE ACTION…

Most lay sleeping in the Royalist lines as the early morning mist rolled in. Dumbarton’s regiment stood alone as Royalist camp guard. The only active Royalist unit at the start of the game was a patrol of Oxford’s Horse (Sandy’s) lead by Sir Francis Compton. The first choice the Royalist player has is: (a) send Compton out into the moor, hoping to discover the Rebels early, but also risk losing him to the full weight of Rebel horse, or (b) to put your faith in the ‘fatal pistol shot’ cards or a suitable dice roll of destiny for the alarm to be sounded. We decided on this occasion not to risk Sir Francis and his men, keeping them close to the Lower Plungeon. The Rebels advanced quietly along the lanes from their starting positions in column formation. The Horse headed the column, followed closely by the light guns. Then came the Foot regiments, named for th eir colours: Red, Yellow, Green, Blue, White, and finally the Lyme Company. The Rebels took three “chance card” tests as they came closer to the Royalist lines. The first was to see if they had been spotted by Oglethorpe’s Patrol, the second was for passing close to the Chedzoy Watch, and the third would be taken upon reaching the Langmoor Rhine crossing. If no alarms were raised on these tests, Compton and his men would most likely be overwhelmed, leaving the gate open so to speak. Should I have sent Compton out onto the moor? It was too late for that now. I turned the card and Lady Luck shone on us – I drew the

“fatal pistol shotte” card, which meant that the alarm had been raised. As the “fatal pistol shotte” rang out, the Royalist camp and Westonzoyland sprang into life. Sandy’s Patrol had disappeared into the horde of Rebel Horse and been overwhelmed on the open moor. The early alarm had allowed the main body of Oxford’s Horse to arrive just in the nick of time to contest the crossing. Note: If enough of the Rebel Horse had passed their test and been able to cross the Upper Plungeon, they would have been free to enter the town or Royalist camp, whilst the occupants would have remained unformed (caught napping and destroyed on contact) and it would be pretty much all over, just as it probably would have been in 1685 . The Rebel Horse are, however, brittle and if they fail their morale (forcing them to retreat or worse) they will head for the Langmoor crossing, causing untold mischief with their own advancing Foot. THE REBEL HORSE The first units of Rebel Horse, once clear of the Langmoor crossing, had to reform before traversing the moor. The alarm had allowed just enough time for the Royalists to man the Bussex Rhine, slightly later than historically. Tim’s evil genius now kicked in. With the element of surprise gone, he reasoned their was no point advancing piecemeal, so he kept the Rebel Horse back, being careful not to block the crossing until he had all the Horse across and reforming.

The Rebel guns crossed the moor and were unlimbered facing the guards during the same move as the Rebel Horse test was taking place. Three of the units went right. The Rebels argued that the Horse would know where their light guns were located and avoid avoid masking them!!! them!!! In a gentlemanly manner, I pointed out that it was dark, the guns hadn’t fired yet and that Lord Grey was more concerned with finding the crossing. I smiled and allowed them to proceed with this deviation away from the banks of the Rhine, thus avoiding being shot at in the process. I remember hoping they’d cross the front of the Bridgewater Battery for some sweet justice. The remaining two Rebel Horse units, which included Jones, attacked Sandy’s Oxford Horse who, with Compton, sent the first unit reeling backwards only to be hit by the second whilst still disordered. This was a drawn combat, casualties were high and both units, now at half strength, retired leaving the Plungeon unassailed unassailed and undefended. Compton had been killed in the melee. The Royal Dragoons headed towards the Upper Plungeon in an effort to protect Dumbarton’s open flank.

 Above: One of four guns from the Bridgewater Road Battery

BRIDGEWATER ROAD BATTERY - Four guns/bases

Mainly Foundry with a few conversions and of course the pioneers. The crew for these guns were painted in a variety of civilian and artillery uniforms PIONEERS

My favourite simple conversion was turning Foundry’s Danish grenadiers into artillery train pioneers. Applying Applying fur trim to caps and drilling out the grenade to add different pieces of equipment, shovels or axes for instance, on the camp and artillery equipment for those helping man the guns on the Bridgewater Road battery. LIGHT GUNS AND CREW - Four guns/bases

These were mainly Foundry with the odd conversion. Two of the crews I painted as Dumbarton’s infantry manning the light guns and two as guardsmen and/or artillery men. I’m not sure if guardsmen would be happy to man the guns, even in an emergency, but due to the uniform similarity I was prepared to risk it. THE CAMPS

Both camps, cook house and surgeon’s tent were constructed on MDF using Renedra tents, Foundry ECW and Redoubt figures. Coat alterations on the patient with green putty, head swap on surgeon, tripod made from wire and cotton, and the addition of various camp paraphernalia paraphernalia all makes for a great scene. Long grasses and reeds made from synthetic paintbrush bristles. THE COMMAND BASES

): Reiver castings with Essex head swaps. Feversham (right ): John Churchill (later Marlborough): Front Rank officer and cornet of horse with a Royal Dragoons flag. Major Charles Orby: The praying Oxford’s chap converted from an ECW Assault Group figure. Old Glory mounted officer. The chap holding the horse is an Essex ECW trooper with Redoubt head swop, I added cloak and cuffs with green putty, all are on Essex horses. Compton: Compton: Reiver figure with Redoubt head swap. Percy Kirk, Charles Churchill, Edward Villiers and Sir Walter Walter Clarges: Clarges: all Reiver figures. Henry Sheares: Sheares: Dixon figure on Renegade horse. * My main modelling tool is a Stanley 0-10-0598. I highly recommend recommend this knife. I use it for removing flash, cutting heads and arms off etc. plus applying and smoothing modelling putty. Its long, narrow, strong blades are easy to wield and incredibly sharp. I have only cut the wife’s dining table once with it… what a tool… I won’t do that again.

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 Horse Grenadiers Grenadiers advance advance via the bridge, whilst the Bridgewater  Road Battery ready ready themselves. themselves.

THE REBEL FOOT The attack of the Rebel Foot was preceded by an unhealthy softening up of the two Foot Guard battalions - the Rebel guns had unlimbered in short range of the Guards and proceeded to pound them mercilessly. Unfortunately for the gunners, they were just in flintlock range. Gunners are not typically a preferred target, but when they are blowing holes in your ranks it’s hard to ignore them! The return fire from the Guards killed two gunners, this was to prove a significant result. The Rebel Foot arrived, all units had good hand-to-hand factors and, being so large, had the potential to roll straight over units like Dumbarton’s and adequately take on the Guards. Wade’s Wade’s Reds a nd the Yellows attempted to cross the shallow Rhine and did  just that, only to be met by a c rushing opening volley from the Guards and Dumbarton’s. Their moment gone, the Rebels stalled and a fire-fight ensued, their pain magnified by in inordinate number of fives on the dice. Meanwhile, Holme’s Green regiment had made its way to the Upper Plungeon. The Royal Dragoons charged in defence of the crossing, the Greens successfully formed hedgehog (an anti-cavalry formation) and the brave dragoons were horribly mauled by the Rebel pikes and scythes. Charles Orby arrived with the main body of Oxford’s as reinforcements

in the nick of time. Orby reigned his unit short, inviting the Greens to continue their advance, out of hedgehog. They declined. Stalemate. In the ce ntre, Wade’s Wade’s Reds were embroiled in a fire-fight, to their flank the large Blue regiment was thrown into the assault, their movement ended with them teetering on the raised banks of the Rhine. The Coldstream Guards had the opportunity to send the Blues reeling, but delivered an uncharacteristically poor first volley and the moment for Bovet’s Blues to grasp those glorious laurels had arrived. The dice test that would decide their fate was a morale issue (first time fired on) - the vision of a 3 thrown on a D12 is rarely welcome and this one was duly accompanied by exasperated groans and good natured banter. We We had just witnessed the Rebel highwater mark as Bovet’s retired. Mathew’s Yellows Yellows had also retired away from the Rhine, leaving the Rebel gunners (along with the Reds) to take the punishment that was certain to follow the arrival of three Royalist guns. The Green regiment’s fate was sealed when the remaining gun was unlimbered in close range of that stationary deep target. It was only a matter of time now. On the Royalist left flank, Dr Nick (Villiers) was across the bridge and bearing down on the rebels with his Lifeguards, Horse Grenadiers and Atherley’s Troop of Oxford’s Horse.

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The White regiment and Rebel Horse had remained out of the fighting and now formed a flank guard. In the centre, the Rebel guns had been silenced and the result of a protracted fire-fight was never going to be in doubt - the Rebel line began to buckle and fall back. I remember announcing, “the line will advance” just to annoy Tim! The Royal infantry then triumphantly crossed the Bussex Rhine. The Greens took quite a beating from the artillery before finally succumbing. Oxford’s charged as they attempted to extricate themselves, routing the Greens in the process. The bell tolled as the Royalist left wing Horse defeated the units of the Rebel flank guard, and the final act was played out as Villiers’ wing swept up the field like an unstoppable snowplough, pushing into the rear of the Rebels and cutting off their retreat. The towel was thrown in, the battle was over. Tim (AKA Monmouth, the filthy rebel) would now suffer a barbaric execution... or provide coffee, his choice. Mountains of thanks must go to Nick Buxey, who created a setting that brought these events to life, the “Sedgemoor experience deluxe”. Nick also picked up the award for the best display game at the show, all quite emotional. I don’t know what he is, but I’m glad he’s ours.

To accompany this ar ticle, you can also find the original article from Nick Buxey (on the building of the table), the Orders of Battle, and more photos of Richard’s great army and the Derby game, all on our website this month!

A FEW TIPS AND TRICKS FOR FOR PAINTING THE ROY ROYALIST ALIST ARMY In my younger years, when eyesight and time were not such a factor, I painted over a black primer. I have altered my method for the following reasons: (a) painting over a black background (for the older gent) sends you boss-eyed and can leave you with an unattractive twitch (ok, that’s a slight exaggeration), (b) the method is slow as neatness is the key to success, (c) some of the colour’s remain dull unless you overpaint them a number of times and (d) even for the best painters, it is difficult to avoid the charicature look. The main advantages of the following method when painting large numbers of figures are: (a) the details are far easier to see and paint, (b) the colours tend to be brighter, (c) you see real progress quickly, avoiding the disillusionment period that kicks in halfway through, and (d) you still achieve good definition between parts of the uniform. My method is designed for working on a lot of figures at once. This gives time for the paint to dry and negates the need to keep washing your brush or changing your water. It is important to note that all the initial colour washes are actually thinned acrylic paint. The wash will mainly stay in the folds of the larger flat areas helping to deepen the shade and shadows later in the process. Let each colour dry completely before moving on if they are likely to bleed into each other. THE METHOD

• All the figures were fixed to narrow long flat strips of wood or card, using a hot glue gun. This allows you to handle them individually and confidently turn them upside down to paint those “difficult to get to” bits. • All figures are then sprayed with white acrylic car primer and allowed to dry. • A wash of Citadel Dark Flesh is applied to all skin areas.

• Go back to the musket stock and give it a wash of thinned umber paint, or some other very dark brown. Once dry, wash with a thinned black wash, such as Citadel Badab Black. This wash can also be applied over most of the figure,  particularly if there there are are not many details details or folds in the clothing. When using figures with lots of folds in the clothing, just apply the black wash where heavy shading or  further definition definition is required. required. In general, general, the lighter lighter colours won’t need a wash of black. • Pick out the metallic areas of the figure, with the relevant silver or brass acting as a highlight, leaving some of the dark grey and black washed areas visible.

• A wash of mid-grey, or dark cream to all white areas. • A wash of mid-brown to all leatherwork and woodwork, including musket stocks.

• Then use your lighter main choice of each colour to neaten any paint bleed issues and to over paint where the colour is too translucent, leave the folds dark wherever possible.

• A wash of very dark grey to any metal work like gun barrels and buttons along with anywhere you will be painting black later.

The figures now have three shades and will be more than adequate for wargaming. The addition of any final highlights to the raised areas becomes merely a matter of preference but as the process has not been like pulling teeth up to this  point, you may be willing to go for for it.

• Paint a variety shades of browns and dark greys to each figure’s hair to give some variation. The two colours that you still want to be neat with are, red and blue, these less natural colours are harder to disguise later. You’ll also find that once an area of the figure has received a wash it takes some covering so don’t slap red  paint all over the belts and equipment. equipment.

• Once you are happy with your troops spray them with acrylic car lacquer for protection, and then a matt varnish.

• Paint the coats neatly with a thinned dark red and the breeches and cuffs with a dark shade of whatever colour they will be. 1. All initial washes have been applied to this Foundry model. 2. The first coat of dark red and the cuff colours have been painted. 3. A dark wash (black in some areas, brown in others) has been applied over most of the model.

1

2

3

4. Main colours have been painted, and details have been picked out. Great wargames standard. 5. Highlights have been added. 6. As Foundry no longer produce Richard’s Richard’s  favorite range, he provided this Front  Rank figure too. It’s It’s definitely more detailed than the older Foundry models.

4

5

6

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COLD WARS 2012 HMGS EAST SHOW REPORT By Dave Taylor From he moment I walked in the door I could feel the buzz in i n the air. After a winter with wildly varying levels of harsh weather on the U.S. East Coast, you could tell that thousands of gamers were very excited about getting out of their houses and into the swarming melee that was COLD WARS 2012. I mention the attendance at the event purely because it was a pleasant topic of conversation over the weekend. After the quiet FALL IN! show of last October and amid concerns about another move for HISTORICON, it was great to see this Spring classic be reinvigorated with many enthusiastic gamers. Of course, with such a momentous anniversary year, much of the enthusiasm

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was channeled through the various theme-related games, celebrating 1812: A WORLD AT WAR WAR. With hundreds of games crammed into the Event Listing (and many corners of the Lancaster Host Hotel) it was great to see 15 games listed covering Napoleon’s Russian Campaign, another six covering the Peninsular War, and 15 more refighting various aspects of the War War of

1812. Add in the usual mix of Ancients, tournaments, WW2, and others and the show couldn’t help but be deemed a success.  Below: In honor of the Cold Wars theme and inspired by the painting Marshall  Ney supporting the Rear Guard During During the Retreat from Moscow  by Adolphe Yvon (1817 - 1893), Mike Tyson hosted a rearguard rearguar d action using these 40mm models  from Sash and Sabre. Mike was intimately  familiar with the bedraggled fusiliers, grenadiers, hussars, artillery men, and even Marshal Ney, as he had sculpted the masters for the entire range himself over the period of a year. Now that’s that’s dedication to a vision!

   t    r    o    p    e    r    w    o    H    S  Left and Above: One of three Shevardino games run over the weekend, this one was hosted by John Snead (with  David Bonk and Nigel P. P. Marsh) using the Carnage and Glory  system. Two interesting things to note are that the Russian defenders were the only models deployed on the table to start the game - including a thinly-stretched piquet line and the results of this battle will impact the Orders of Battle for the much larger Battle of Borodino the crew will be running at Fall  In! in November. November.

 Right and Below: The War of 1812 in the North, Crysler’s Farm, 11  November 1813 - James Fox ran a number of beautiful looking battles  from the War War of 1812, including this unanticipated climax of the largest military operation of the war. Thanks, no doubt, to the theme of the convention, this was one of 15 games refighting battles from the War of 1812.

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Big Bi g on Borodino Borodino!! With the 200th anniversary of the Battle of Borodino fast approaching, approaching, it was great to see this Napoleonic monster being tackled by three different Games Masters. The largest game was run by Guest of Honor Dave Waxtel, who (along with a few friends) hosted this massive Shako 2 refight in the hotel lobby.  Above: French Generals begin to deploy their  forces on the battlefield. Far Left: The GM himself, Dave Waxtel.  Left: A few examples of Dave’s Dave’s terrain building skills on show.  Below: The night before the big battle, Dave and crew also ran a terrain building session  for 30 enthusiastic gamers. They all got to walk away with a building, and the skills to make more.

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B E  E S  ST     T T H  HE     M  E ME     E E V  V E  EN     T  N T 

Top: Just a small slice of the Russian forces, these are deployed b efore the village of Utiza on the southern flank of the battlefield. The owner of Maplewood Hobby (in NJ), John Sileo, painted over 20 battalions of  Russian infantry in four months in preparation for th is game.  Above: Each battalion present at the original battle was represented on the tabletop for this massive game, and with a photo like this, it really shows.  Despite the vast number of models on the table, the game played to a conclusion in six hours.  Left: Emperor Napoleon (left) presents one of his generals with the Ordre  N ational ational de la Légion d’ H   H onneur onneur during the game, for his gallant bravery in taking the Raevsky Redoubt!

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 Above: American Civil War War games are always very popular at HMGS shows, but with the 150th anniversary of many battles occuring this year, there was an added enthusiasm. As this game  Miller’s Cornfield: Antietam, 17 September 1862 - played out it attracted more and more gamers  Left: The Confederate forces  prepare to advance through the cornfield and the adjacent undergrowth.

 Below and Opposite: Master table builder Dennis Kalember went all out fo r this magnificent  Prarie Grove, 7 December 1862 game. Presented by Paul Olszanski and his regular team, the sweeping grandeur of the table eventually gave way to a desperate defence by the rebels.

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 Right: It’s It’s tough to walk past Bruce Weigle’ eigle’ss wonderful tables and not be completely drawn into the landscape.  Here he presents Burkesdorf, 28 June 1866: 10th Corps vs the Guards.  Below: Jim Ferich, along with Joe Schulze and the DAWGS hosted this  Boxer Rebellion game - The Battle of Peitsang, 5 August 1900 - a couple of times over the weekend, with considerably different results each time. Not only were the colorful Chinese troops on the tabletop, it was great to see the Eight-Nation Alliance represented so colorfully too. Here you can see a handfull of French about to be swamped by charging Boxers.

 Below: Jeff Wasileski Wasileski loves to bring  fantastic Pulp-themed games to shows, and his All’s Quiet on the Ruritanian Front, 1918 game was no exception. Included in the madness was this scratch-built Rusian Tzar tank. Keen-eyed modelers might be able to spot the various plumbing and toy  parts this beast was made from.

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Playing in the Sand I’ve been visiting the HMGS East shows off and on now for 10 years and while there is no predominant way that games are “presented”, there are certainly plenty of successful methods that are used regularly by many Games Masters. On occasion I’ll be surprised by a new presentation and that was certainly the case at the Cold Wars 2012 show. Two friends from the Metropolitan Wargamers group - James Grotto and Tony Venturino - decided to create a bit of a spectacle for their games over the weekend. Instead of bringing a sculpted table or putting down some stands of trees on top a felt meadow, James and Tony constructed a sand table for the weekend. Equipped with a drill, many feet of 1"x5" pine, and bags upon bags of playsand, the two ran no less than three games (that I saw). Not ony did the games themselves look like fun, but the hours James spent sculpting the tables made for plenty of gawking and chatter.  Right: James Grotto begins the early stages of building the table for the Mannerh the Mannerheim eim  Line, 1939 game 1939 game that Tony would run later that evening.  Below: By this stage James had carved trenches into the table, rolled out the barbed wire, and started to add the snow  for this Winter War War battle. In the background you can see the beginings of their table on which James would later run - Ukraine 1941. 1941.

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B E  ES    T  S    T O F  F  S H  HO    W  O     W

 Above: With the tables completed, James took a short break then launched into running his 20mm WW2 game.  Right: Tony Tony Venturino Venturino can be seen here (second from the right) guiding his players through this massed Soviet assault on a unit of entrenched Finns.

 Left: After the success of their games on Friday evening, James broke everything down and started sculpting again on Saturday morning. Armed with more sand, a spray bottle filled with water, and his trusty spatula, he built this very impressive piece of Sicily for their Saturday evening 20mm WW2 game, Hill 41, along the Gela-Niscemi 1943.

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This month’s bonus web material contains many more photos from the Cold Wars Wars 2012 event, including a host of tables that didn’t make it into the magazine. Check it out now!

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30 June - 1 July 2012 At Scarborough Spa in North Yorkshire A Gaming Club Network show by Scarborough Wargames Club Display games including Marston Moor, Gettysburg and 12+ display and participation games

Enter a daily or weekend competition Flames of War - late war Warhammer (Saturday)

Warhammer 40K (Sunday) 28mm Hail Caesar

Kings of War 28mm FOG-R

15mm FOG - Napoleonics 15mm FOG - AM 650pt (daily)

28mm Impetus (Saturday) 15mm FOG - R 650pt ( daily)

Around 30 trade stands. Bring and Buy room. Raffle and tombola in aid of Help for Heroes. It’s Armed Forces week- bring the family. More info and entry forms on:

www.wartornuk.com Trade and display game enquiries welcome to Kelvin on: 01723 501793

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New Skirmish Sticks: • 4 brass tools: 2, 4, 6, 12 inches • Ringed and knurled • Will Will last a lifetime! SS-01 £15.49 per set Please add 10% for P&P in UK. Min £2.99

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with a modern and contem contemporary porary look. Te rules bring new and innovative ideas to traditional game play and are fully illustrated throughoutt with inspiring photographs throughou photographs and detailed detaile d captions. Find out more about the game online and download free army lists, design notes and battle reports from the Scarab Miniatures website.

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Sunday, 20th May 2012 10.00am - 1.00pm  At the Downend Folk House, Lincombe Barn, Overndale Road, Downend, Bristol, BS16 2RW

15mm to 30mm All periods Painted. Email. [email protected] Web. www.mtmodels.co.uk Address. Mark Tyzack 19, Browne Road Fulwell Sunderland. SR6 9HQ

Rent a table to sell those unwanted items, or come along for a host of second hand and discounted bargains. Table hire from £6; Public entry only £2. Trade and Private Sellers; Bring & Buy; Refreshments & Free Car Parking. Free gaming session in the afternoon See our web site for more details: www.bristolwargaming.co.uk Or contact Craig on 07870 585683; e-mail: [email protected] [email protected] .uk Lincombe Barn Wargames Society will be presenting Reveille 2012 on Sunday 25 November 2012 

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T h e W O R L D ’ S P R E M I E R T A B L E TO P G A M I N G M A G A Z I N E

 T h e

“We gamble everything now. We cannot fail!” - General von Rundstedt¹s reaction to Hitler¹s order for the Ardennes offensive

 N E  G A Z I  G M A  N  I M  G A  E T O P  T A B L  R   E  I  E M  P R  E  L D ’ S  W O R  L

The Battle of the Bulge, 1944. The Germans had been in retreat since the Allied breakout from Normandy.. In early December 1944 it seemed Normandy unlikely to the Americans facing them in the Ardennes that the Germans would attack.

 T  G IA N  E S  TA B L

On 16 December that illusion was shattered when the German Sixth Panzer Army Army smashed into the thinly-held US lines. The unexpected and powerful thrust overwhelmed some American units, while others fought with great determination and skill. Our theme next month follows the desperate fighting to hold the northern flank during the Battle of the Bulge.

As ever there will be plenty more to enjoy, with articles covering a range of different periods.

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 ho w  s ho  s s  k e s  t P a r k   M a t t P

 ac  y a  r y  t r  U p co u n

 E ! M O R  E  A N D  2  1  0  o n  2  e p t i c  s ,  a d  e  l  u  r   w w i i

 g e  o c ha n  t o  t  c  e   e  j  b  u  e n t s  t e a n d c o n  k   k  r  o  w   w  t   t  r  C o v e r a

 n  c t i o  o l t  a  b  :  s  p l u

 E S  ace s  N G F A Co p a i n  f ac  t f  N T I N  to  n t  P A I N  hoo w t  s h  u s  s u  s

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