A2
Vocabulary and Grammar
Book 2
Modules 3 and 4
THAT’S ENGLISH!
THAT’S ENGLISH! Autores Michael Downie; David Gray
Fotografía Javier Calbet, Sonsoles Prada, María Pía Hidalgo, Fidel Puerta, Sergio Cuesta/Archivo SM; Almudena Esteban; John Wang/PHOTODISC; EFE; PHOVOIR; INGRAM; INGIMAGE; THINKSTOCK; DREAMSTIME; BRAND X PICTURES; STOCKDISC; COMSTOCK; 123RF; AGE FOTOSTOCK; STOCKBYTE
Dirección del proyect proyecto o Cleo Merino de Diego Ana María García Romero. Índice analítico Ramón Palencia
Edición gráfica Fidel Puerta
Edición Marisol Yago; Paloma Rodríguez; Elisa House Corrección y traducción Corrección Departamento de corrección de SM Nikki Strutt Ilustración Archivo SM; David Pintor Noguerol; Ángel Sánchez Trigo; Chema García; Nacho Rúa Roure; Maximiliano Luchini; Gregorio Rodríguez; Alena Emilova Markova; Francisco Roa; Artur Díaz Martínez; Lluis Filella García; Marina Gómez Mut
Diseño curricular y seguimiento técnico del proceso de elaboración de los materiales didácticos de Inglés a Distancia desde el CIDEAD realizado por: Nuria Cambronero Sicilia Rafael Fernández Alonso Yolanda Jiménez Martínez Marta Puras Tellaeche Tellaeche Francisco Javier Sainz de Robles María Jesús Sierra Delgado Elena Terán Terán Herranz
Diseño de cubierta cubi erta e interiores interiores Estudio SM Maquetación Estudio SM Asesor pedagógico Ramón Palencia
Este material se ha elaborado en papel reciclado (50% fibras recicladas postconsumo y proceso de blanqueado de su pasta totalmente to talmente libre de cloro TCF), siguiendo lo estipulado en la Orden PRE/116/2008, PRE/1 16/2008, de 21 de d e enero.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CUL CULTURA TURA Y DEPORTE SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO DE EDUCACIÓN, FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL Y UNIVERSIDADES Centro para la Innovación y Desarrollo de la Educación a Distancia (CIDEAD)
Director del CIDEAD: José Luis Gómez Sierra Edita: © SECRET SECRETARÍA ARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA TÉCNICA Subdirección General de Publicaciones y Documentación Catálogo de publicaciones del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: http://www.educacion.es Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales: www.060.es Fecha de edición: Diciembre 2012 NIPO: 030-12-162-1 ISBN: 978-84-369-5319-0 Depósito legal: M-20951-20 M-20951-2012 12 Impreso en la UE - Printed in EU Imprime: Ediciones SM
THAT’S ENGLISH! Autores Michael Downie; David Gray
Fotografía Javier Calbet, Sonsoles Prada, María Pía Hidalgo, Fidel Puerta, Sergio Cuesta/Archivo SM; Almudena Esteban; John Wang/PHOTODISC; EFE; PHOVOIR; INGRAM; INGIMAGE; THINKSTOCK; DREAMSTIME; BRAND X PICTURES; STOCKDISC; COMSTOCK; 123RF; AGE FOTOSTOCK; STOCKBYTE
Dirección del proyect proyecto o Cleo Merino de Diego Ana María García Romero. Índice analítico Ramón Palencia
Edición gráfica Fidel Puerta
Edición Marisol Yago; Paloma Rodríguez; Elisa House Corrección y traducción Corrección Departamento de corrección de SM Nikki Strutt Ilustración Archivo SM; David Pintor Noguerol; Ángel Sánchez Trigo; Chema García; Nacho Rúa Roure; Maximiliano Luchini; Gregorio Rodríguez; Alena Emilova Markova; Francisco Roa; Artur Díaz Martínez; Lluis Filella García; Marina Gómez Mut
Diseño curricular y seguimiento técnico del proceso de elaboración de los materiales didácticos de Inglés a Distancia desde el CIDEAD realizado por: Nuria Cambronero Sicilia Rafael Fernández Alonso Yolanda Jiménez Martínez Marta Puras Tellaeche Tellaeche Francisco Javier Sainz de Robles María Jesús Sierra Delgado Elena Terán Terán Herranz
Diseño de cubierta cubi erta e interiores interiores Estudio SM Maquetación Estudio SM Asesor pedagógico Ramón Palencia
Este material se ha elaborado en papel reciclado (50% fibras recicladas postconsumo y proceso de blanqueado de su pasta totalmente to talmente libre de cloro TCF), siguiendo lo estipulado en la Orden PRE/116/2008, PRE/1 16/2008, de 21 de d e enero.
MINISTERIO DE EDUCACIÓN, CUL CULTURA TURA Y DEPORTE SECRETARÍA DE ESTADO DE EDUCACIÓN, FORMACIÓN PROFESIONAL Y UNIVERSIDADES Centro para la Innovación y Desarrollo de la Educación a Distancia (CIDEAD)
Director del CIDEAD: José Luis Gómez Sierra Edita: © SECRET SECRETARÍA ARÍA GENERAL TÉCNICA TÉCNICA Subdirección General de Publicaciones y Documentación Catálogo de publicaciones del Ministerio de Educación, Cultura y Deporte: http://www.educacion.es Catálogo general de publicaciones oficiales: www.060.es Fecha de edición: Diciembre 2012 NIPO: 030-12-162-1 ISBN: 978-84-369-5319-0 Depósito legal: M-20951-20 M-20951-2012 12 Impreso en la UE - Printed in EU Imprime: Ediciones SM
THAT’S ENGLISH! Contents
4
Vocabulary
6
Grammar
46
Answer key
86
Index
94
3
Vocabulary Contents A Working life B Student life C Retired people
Feelings Turning points in life
A Feelings B Turning points in life
Learning languages
A How people learn B Using the dictionary C Useful expressions
Illnesses and treatments
A Health and illness B Useful expressions
Travelling by plane and train
A Travelling B Travelling by plane C Travelling by train
Habits and lifestyles
Clothes Accessories
A Clothes and accessories B Useful expressions
Personal details A Personal details Personality B Personality Behaviour C Behaviour
Bad habits Plans and arrangements Intentions and resolutions
Personal biography and life achievements
Job hunting
4
A Bad habits B Plans and arrangements C Talking about resolutions and intentions
A Personal achievements B Professional achievements C Dreams and ambitions
A Working conditions B Looking for a job C A CV D A job interview
6
Family rules Leisure activities
26
8
Advertising
28
10
Humour Adjectives + prepositions Word formation
12
A Musical styles Musical styles B Creating, performing and and instruments listening to music
A Humour B Adjectives + Prepositions C Word formation: nouns in -tion , -ness , -ment
30
32
14
Traditions, festivals and public holidays
16
Sleep and dreams Verbs of movement
18
The Environment Recycling Environmental Issues
A Protecting the environment B Recycling C Environmental issues and disasters
38
Computers and the Internet
A Hardware B The World Wide Web / The Internet C Computer and internet-related verbs
40
22
Show Business
A Shows and venues B Theatre and cinema C Actors and the audience
42
24
The Media Politics
A The Press B TV and radio C Online news D Politics
44
20
A Festivals
Celebrations
A Sleep and dreams B Verbs of movement
34
36
Grammar Contents Present simple / Present continuous
A Present simple B Present continuous
Past simple Past time clauses How long ? and For
A Past simple B Past time clauses with when , after , before C Time periods: How long …? and For + hours, …
Permission Advice
A Can, can’t, may, may not B Should, shouldn’t C Modal verbs
Obligation Necessity
A must B have to C need to
46
Used to Mustn’t Don’t need to / don’t have to
48
If -sentences type I So … that
50
Agreeing and disagreeing Word order
A Used to B Mustn’t C Don’t need to / don’t have to
66
A If -sentences type I B So … that
68
A Agreeing and disagreeing B Word order with two objects
70
52
Defining relative A Defining relative clauses with who , which, that as subject clauses Prefer B Prefer
72
54
Contrast clauses A But, although, however, on the one hand … on the other hand Indefinite pronouns B Indefinite pronouns
74
Past continuous A Past continuous Past simple B Past continuous + past simple Prepositions of with while and when movement C Prepositions of movement
76
Questions Time expressions
A Questions B Time expressions
What (a) …! How…! The definite article
A What (a) …! How…! B Use and omission of the definite article
56
Comparison of adjectives too … / not … enough
A Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms B (not) as … as / less … than C too … / not … enough
58
Possibility Hope
Be going to + infinitive Present continous Verb patterns
A Be going to + infinitive B Present continuous for future arrangements C Verb patterns
60
Asking for and giving instructions Quantifiers
Present perfect simple / Past simple
A Present perfect simple with ever and never B Present perfect simple vs past simple
62
Present perfect simple with for, since, already, yet
A Present perfect simple with for and since B Present perfect simple with already and yet
64
A Possibility: may , might , can B Hope
78
A Asking for and giving instructions B Quantifiers
80
Adverbs A Adverbs of manner of manner Comparison of B Comparison of adverbs adverbs Asking C Asking for confirmation for confirmation
Passive voice
A Use of the passive voice: for focus (emphasis) B Form
82
84
5
Habits and lifestyles A
Working life WORKERS
I commute to work four days a week.
male
healthy, busy
I drive to work every morning.
female
I make calls to customers.
male
I check my emails first thing in the morning .
female
I write reports for my boss.
male
I don’t often have a coffee break .
female
I try to have a good work-life balance : I get a lot of exercise and eat organic food.
I often go away at weekends.
male
male
I have meetings with important customers.
female
I rarely have a day off!
female
stressed B
Student life
I catch the bus to go to college.
I attend lectures three times a week.
In the evening I revise for exams .
I have a part-time job at a bookshop.
I want to get a scholarship for a year abroad at Harvard.
STUDENTS male
I cycle to university.
C
male
Lecturers set a I sometimes have lot of homework to present projects and I do it in the to the class. evening.
male
I text classmates if I have questions when I’m doing my homework .
I use social networking sites to keep in touch with friends.
I often meet friends to play cards , smoke and drink whisky.
Retired people PENSIONERS I lie in bed until 9 most days.
I don’t exercise much: I only cut the grass once a week.
I sometimes have a nap in the afternoon.
I watch the 6 o’clock news every evening.
I do exercise every morning.
I do voluntary work for a children’s charity.
After dinner I surf the Internet .
bored, unhealthy, sedentary I do the crossword after breakfast.
relaxed, active
6
male
I sometimes eat out with friends at the weekend.
Exercises 1
Completa los textos sobre Phil y Gladys con las expresiones dadas. have a good work-life balance goes away
has a meeting
has Friday off
commute to work
makes calls
has a coffee break
checks his emails
Phil works for a company in Newcastle, 25 kilometres from where he lives, so he has to (1) __________ every day. When he gets to the office, he first (2) __________ . He answers the important ones. Then he (3) __________ to customers. He usually (4) __________ with his boss as well. At 10 a.m., he (5) __________ and can relax a little. After that, it’s back to work. He tries to (6)__________ so he sometimes (7) __________ and (8) __________ for a long weekend with his wife. does exercise does the crossword does voluntary work
watches the news
lie in bed
eat out
Gladys is a pensioner. She retired five years ago. Now she can (9) __________ until ten in the morning if she is tired. She likes to keep fit, so before breakfast she (10) __________ for about thirty minutes. Then, after breakfast, she reads the newspaper and (11) __________ . Some afternoons she (12) __________ : she helps at a charity for homeless people. She usually (13) __________ on TV at 6 and then she and her husband sometimes (14) __________ in a local restaurant. 2
Mira los dibujos y completa el diálogo con ayuda de las expresiones del recuadro. 1
2
attend lectures revise for exams cycle use social networking sites present a project text a classmate
3
4
3
4
5
6
Ivan: How does Maribel get to university? Cynthia:(1) …………………………………………………….…………….… Ivan: What does she do in the morning? Cynthia:(2) …………………………………………………….…………….… Ivan: Do her lecturers set any work to do every month? Cynthia: (3) ……………………………………………………..……………. Ivan: What does she do if she has questions about her homework? Cynthia: (4) ……………………………………………………..……………. Ivan: Why is she so busy in May? Cynthia: (5) ……………………………………………………..……………. Ivan: Does she keep in touch with her friends and family? Cynthia: (6) ……………………………………………………………………
Une los verbos (1-9) con las expresiones adecuadas (a-i). ____ 1 drive
____ 4 write
____ 7 have
a homework
d a nap
g out
____ 2 eat
____ 5 catch
____ 8 surf
b the grass
e a report
h a day off
____ 3 have
____ 6 do
____ 9 cut
c to work
f the Internet i a bus
Describe tus actividades cotidianas usando las expresiones del ejercicio 3. Puedes usar oraciones afirmativas o negativas. 1 Example: I never drive to work / I drive to work everyday / twice a week / on Fridays … 2 ....……………………........…………….........……
6 ....……………........…………….........……
3 ....……………………........…………….........……
7 ....……………........…………….........……
4 ....……………………........…………….........……
8 ....……………........…………….........……
5 ....……………………........…………….........……
9 ....……………........…………….........……
7
Feelings A
Turning points in life
Feelings POSITIVE FEELINGS
NEGATIVE FEELINGS
cheerful
depressed
happy
sad / upset angry / upset
in a good mood
IN A GOOD MOOD
But I thought he loved me!
UPSET
annoyed in a bad mood tired
excited
bored
interested INTERESTED
EXCITED
IN A BAD MOOD
ANNOYED
ANGRY
CONFUSED
WORRIED
ANXIOUS
anxious worried / upset nervous
relaxed
confused
confident surprised
CONFIDENT / RELAXED
• Usamos feel + adjective o to be + adjective para describir nuestros sentimientos. I feel tired today. I didn’t sleep well last night. Oliver was really happy yesterday. He passed all his exams. Listen to Sally singing. She’s in a good mood this morning. • Podemos utilizar también verbos que describen sentimientos positivos y negativos.
positive
adore
negative
love
like enjoy
don’t mind
don’t like dislike (formal)
hate can’t stand (informal)
I adore Brad Pitt and I enjoy watching his films when I’m in a bad mood. They cheer me up. Phil loves going skiing, but all his friends hate doing sport. I can’t stand pop music, although I don’t mind rock’n’roll. B
Turning points in life
be born
buy / rent a house / flat
8
pass your exams
move to a different city
leave school
get married
leave home
start a degree
start a family / have a child
retire
fall in love
start work
get a pet
start your own business
go on your first trip abroad
Exercises 1
Busca diecisiete adjetivos en las serpientes. Usa algunos para completar las frases. dconfid ent n tannoy e d x p ressedp s ae g r in w i t s g r y e e d te n l p i c a b e j r es ted i te d k u fo r t a axedut s l h e s t i r s l t n o n i i o re d e rv o us w p p y w t c f u n a boredvsc on fu s e o w orr i e d oha dh e s a d
o prsurprised dl c m
?
1 They are going to meet Father Christmas. They are very __________ . 2
2 Sarah’s got nothing to do. She feels __________ .
3 Paul left his keys at home. He’s very __________ .
4 We don’t understand. We’re __________ .
/ his wife
)
Reading (Matt
Matt loves reading but his wife hates it.
1 Romantic films (Ursula / Hugh 2 Coffee (Martin
7 Jenny is on her holidays. She’s feeling very __________ .
8 They’re in love. They are very __________ .
/ Sheila
5 Classical music (Bill 6 Sport (Anne
/ Sheila
)
Matt loves reading and his wife adores doing sport. ) ……………….....................…………………………………….
) / Eating raw fish (Sheila
4 Dogs (my father
) / Doing sport (his wife
).....................……………………………………………………….
) / Tea (his girlfriend
3 Eating sushi (Bill
) ……………………….………………………………
) …………..……………………...................………………………….. ) ………………………………………...................…………………...
) / Watching football (Anne
)……………..………………………………………………..
Asocia las dos partes de las expresiones siguientes. 1 buy
..…………...
6 start
2 get
..…………..
7 leave ..…………..
3 finish ..…………..
8 meet ..…………..
4 move ..…………..
9 start
5 get 4
6 He has a Maths exam tomorrow. He feels __________ .
Fíjate en los símbolos y escribe frases con los verbos de sentimiento. Reading (Mat
3
5 Pete has attended five lectures today. He’s very __________ .
..…………..
married a pet
a degree home
a flat
to a different city
..…………..
James
..…………..
a family her own business
Fijándote en las ilustraciones, escribe la biografía de María con las expresiones del ejercicio 3. 1980
1985
1998
2000
1990
1995
2003
1996
2005
Maria left home in …………………………………………………………………………………………….… …………………………………………………………………….………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….…………………………………………………………………… ………………………………………………….……………………………………………………………………
9
Learning languages A
How people learn I prefer reading in English to listening .
reading
speaking
listening
writing I have a good ear but English people speak very fast.
doing exercises
learning from mistakes
skills distance learning
practising as much as possible
self-study
Knowing phonetics helps you pronounce words .
LANGUAGE LEARNING
motivation
I need to concentrate when I revise for my exams.
language systems
vocabulary
I like speaking in English. However, pronunciation is hard, especially vowel sounds and intonation.
I study English by distance learning . Motivation is really important for self-study .
word class
My tutor always tells me when I’m right and wrong .
pronunciation content words:
grammar words:
noun, adjective, verb, adverb
pronoun, preposition, conjunction
grammar
I don’t like to make mistakes in my writing . That’s English! materials include lots of practice activities to do at home. You need to practise a lot to improve.
B
Using the dictionary headword
word class
countable / uncountable
definition
example
cook (n) (C) A person who prepares food. Lori is a fantastic cook. to cook (v) synonym
To prepare food. Cook the vegetables for five minutes.
opposite
cool (adj) 1. Low in temperature. I’d love a nice cool drink. Ant: warm. Syn: chilly, chilled. 2. Fashionable. I think your shoes are really cool. different meaning of a word
When I see a word I don’t know, I look it up in the dictionary . You have to be careful to choose the correct meaning . C
I always look at the word class .
You need to read the example sentences carefully.
Useful expressions • Las siguientes expresiones son útiles cuando surge algún problema de comunicación.
10
Sorry, I don’t understand.
Could you say that again, please?
What does ‘bus driver’ mean?
Could you speak more slowly, please?
How do you say ‘ascensor’ in English?
Could you speak louder, please?
Exercises 1
Relaciona las dos partes de cada diálogo. Luego, escribe de qué aspecto del aprendizaje de una lengua están hablando en cada caso. 1 I love American literature. 2 Getting vowel sounds right is the hardest thing in English. 3 I can never remember new words. 4 I find conditional sentences really difficult. 5 You can learn a lot from English songs. 6 It’s hard when you don’t have a teacher. 7 I hate making mistakes.
a Why don’t you keep a special notebook and look at them often? b They’re not so bad. They’re quite similar to Spanish. c Me too. The important thing is to learn from them! d Yes, you need to be very motivated. e I find it helps if I play the CD again and again and then I record myself. f I prefer English authors. I’d love to read novels by Dickens in English one day. g Yes, but you need to have a good ear.
2
Example: 1-f reading 2 …………………………
4 ………………………..…
6 ……………………………
3 …………………………
5 …………………….…….
7 ……………….…….…….
Ordena las palabras de las frases. 1 very Keith lucky is – he good has languages ear a for. ........................................................................ 2 I reading prefer speaking to – bit I’m shy a. ......................................................................................... 3 listen I like to when exams to revise music I for. .................................................................................. 4 mistakes Making language is a of new part learning. .......................................................................... 5 important The is communicate thing to– worry don’t right if wrong or you’re. ................................. ...................................................................................................................................................................
3
Escribe debajo de cada palabra la abreviatura que corresponde a su categoría gramatical. Ten en cuenta el contexto. Example:
I can learn foreign languages at home easily, but my sister can’t. pr v (aux) v adj n prep n adv conj adj n v (aux) fast when you get nervous. 1 You speak too …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… love fast cars. A good race can be really exciting. 2 I …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… …… …… …… 3 Shall I book tickets for a threatre play or do you prefer to watch the race? …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… …… lost my watch in the pool yesterday. Swimming can be expensive! 4 I …… …… …… …… …… ….. …. …… …… …… …… …… 4
Escribe los nombres de las diferentes partes de esta entrada de diccionario. 1
2
3
study (n) (C) plural studies. 1. A room where you go to learn or work on something. 4
2
4
My father was in his study. 5 2. A report about something. 6 Nearly all studies show that smoking is dangerous
5
stupid (adj) Not intelligent.That was a really stupid decision . Ant: clever. Syn: unintelligent 5
7
8
1 …………… 2 ………….. 3 …………… 4 …………… 5 …………… 6 …....…… 7 ………… 8 ………… 5
Completa las conversaciones con las expresiones adecuadas. 1 Where are you going today? — Sorry, I don’t understand. You speak very quickly! ………….…………? 2 How did your exam go? — Sorry, I can’t hear you. ………………………………………..? 3 I ate some delicious fish last night. Its name in Spanish is lubina. How ……………...........……………? 4 I met Jake last night. He’s at university in Bristol now. You’re from Bristol, aren’t you? — Sorry, I wasn’t listening. ……………………………………………..? 5 Our camping holiday was a complete disaster. It poured all weekend. — Poured? What ………..…….?
11
Illnesses and treatments A
Health and illness I’ve got a headache. My head / shoulder hurts.
I’ve got a sore throat / stomach.
I’ve got a pain in my back / knee / chest / neck.
Take an aspirin/some painkillers. You don’t need a prescription. Take some vitamins
I’m depressed / stressed. Don’t work too hard.
Stay in bed and drink plenty of liquids.
Do lots of exercise.
I’ve got a cough / a temperature. I suffer from insomnia.
d n ts a s en e s m s t e a l l n t r e I
Take a sleeping pill
I’ve broken my leg / I’ve got a broken leg.
Don’t smoke.
H ea l th y hab it s
Get eight hours of sleep.
Eat healthily. Don’t eat fatty foods.
I n j ur ie s an t re at me n d t s
HEALTH & ILLNESS
I’ve sprained my wrist / ankle. / I’ve got a sprained wrist / ankle. Put your arm in a sling / in plaster.
I’ve got an infection.
s e c a l P
I’ve cut my hand.
Take some antibiotics
doctor’s surgery Put on a bandage.
health centre waiting room
hospital emergency room
operating theatre
• Para expresar dolor físico, podemos usar las siguientes construcciones: My xxx hurts .
I’ve got a sore xxx.
• Solo utilizamos la palabra ache con determinadas partes del cuerpo, por ejemplo: stomach ache, headache, toothache, backache. • Normalmente usamos los posesivos (no “the ”) con las partes del cuerpo: I’ve cut my hand, I’ve broken my leg. (Sin embargo decimos I’ve got a broken leg, She’s got a small nose.) B
Useful expressions
I can’t sleep. I think I suffer from insomnia.
I feel terrible. What’s wrong?
I’ve got a really high temperature and I can’t stop sneezing.
12
I don’t feel well. I feel stressed and unh ealthy. It’s not a cold. You probably have the flu. Take some aspirins and go to bed.
Have you tried alternative medicine?
You might have depression. You should take some vitamins and do more exercise.
My ear really hurts. I think I have an infection.
I have a toothache as well.
Yes, you do. Here’s a prescription for some antibiotics and some painkillers.
You should make an appointment with your dentist.
Exercises 1
Completa las frases a-f con las expresiones dadas. Después, une las frases 1-6 con a-f. broken
a sore stomach
got a pain
temperature
she’s sprained
fatty
in plaster
1 Poor John! He’s not feeling well.
___
a David has …………. arm.
2 Molly had an accident yesterday.
___
b I think …………. her ankle.
3 Paul’s probably got the flu.
___
c My ear hurts and I’ve …………. in my neck.
4 Doctor, I’m feeling terrible.
___
d He says he’s got a high …………. .
5 You’d better take Julie to the hospital.
She can’t walk.
e She’s got a …………. arm. They’ve put it …………. .
___
6 There’s blood everywhere. 2
cut his
f He’s got …………. I think he eats too much
___
…………. food.
Utilizando los verbos de la lista, escribe lo que dicen los personajes. Puede haber más de una respuesta posible. What’s the matter?
1
2
4
6
5
7
3
have got
3
hurt
twist
sprain
break
Example: I’ve got a headache. / My head hurts.
4 ………………………………………….........….
1………………………………………….........….
5 ………………………………………….........….
2 ………………………………………….........….
6 ………………………………………….........….
3 ………………………………………….........….
7 ………………………………………….........….
Completa las preguntas con las palabras del recuadro y relaciónalas con sus respuestas. appointment painkillers
cut sleeping pills
healthy put on
feel room
hard suffer from
have got a take
What should you do if you…? 1 …….............. insomnia?
_____
2 …….............. toothache? _____
b ….. a bandage and go to the emergency …… .
3 …….............. stressed?
c A doctor will give you a prescription for some ……. .
_____
4 …….............. your finger? _____ 4
a Take some ….. and make an ….. with the dentist.
d ….. lots of exercise, eat …… food and don’t work too ……. .
Lee las notas del doctor y escribe los diálogos.
Patient: …………………………………………
Patient: …………………………………………
Doctor: …………………………………………
Doctor: …………………………………………
Patient: ………………………………………...
Patient: …………………………………………
Doctor: …………………………………………
Doctor: …………………………………………
13
Travelling by plane and by train Travelling
A
Joanne went on holiday to France last summer. She started planning well in advance. First she decided on her destination – Paris. Then she looked at all the flight schedules and the train timetables. The plane was faster, so she booked a single ticket. She didn’t buy a return ticket because she didn’t know when she was coming back. She checked in online, printed her boarding pass and then just dropped off her checked baggage at the airport. She was very careful because airlines charge a lot for overweight baggage. Then she boarded the plane and waited for take off.
•
Algunas palabras son diferentes en inglés británico y americano.
single ticket ( AmE one-way ticket), return ticket ( AmE round ticket), holiday ( AmE vacation) •
To travel, a journey, a trip . Travel is usually a verb.
I prefer travelling by train. I’m afraid of flying. A journey is the act of travelling from one place to another.
The journey from Madrid to Barcelona takes about six hours by bus. How was your journey ? A trip refers to a journey plus a visit and the journey back.
Why don’t we take a day trip to Salamanca? B
Travelling by plane
business class
delayed check-in desk
suitcase
hand luggage
trolley
on time flight
speedy boarding
economy class lavatory / toilet
fasten your seat belt
window seat
plane (AmE airplane)
(AmE restroom)
first class
boarding pass
to land
to take off
baggage claim luggage compartment
aisle C
Travelling by train
railway station
platform
direct train
ticket office
How much is the fare to Paris?
To travel from Belfast to Bangor, most people take the train. The journey takes about 35 minutes. You leave from Great Victoria Street station. You don’t have to change trains. Trains leave about every twenty minutes.
14
timetable
sleeping carriage
carriage
(AmE sleeping car/ sleeper)
(AmE car)
travel card
Exercises 1
Completa el crucigrama con las palabras que faltan en las frases. Across
1
1 We
4
need to check the flight ……… before the trip.
2 Sorry
2
we’re late. Our flight was ……… .
5 At Heathrow Airport, planes ……… every
3
two
minutes.
5
6 6
When we got to the boarding ……… there were a lot of people waiting.
7 The
flight attendant asked her to put her ……… ……… in the luggage compartment.
Down 1 You
get on the plane quickly if you pay for ……… ……… .
3
When planes ……… ……… passengers have to fasten their seat belts.
4
I hate waiting for my luggage at ……… ……… . I always think it’s not going to arrive!
7
2
Encuentra las palabras del inglés británco o americano y colócalas junto a la bandera correspondiente. wa yre t u r n
3
leroundt ick et hol i da y
s i n g
to ile tcarvacat i on on e -
ca r ri ag o m eres tro
1 ………………..…….. 2 ………………..…….. 3 ……………………… 4 ………………………
6 ………………..…….. 7 ………………..…….. 8 ………………..…….. 9 ………………..……..
5 ………………………
10 ………………..……..
Relaciona las ilustraciones con las frases y escríbelas correctamente, sustituyendo las palabras erróneas. a
b
c
d
e
f
You should book an aisle seat if you want to look out of the window. ……………………...…..… You can walk around when the plane is taking off. ………………………………………………....… You should keep your hand luggage on your knee. ……………………………………………......… Economy class is the most expensive. ………………………………………….........................…….. You have to show your ticket when you get on the plane. ……………………………...…………… You have to pay extra if you have hand luggage. …………………………………………….…..…… 4
Completa el texto con las palabras adecuadas. James went to the (1) __________ because he wanted to (2) __________ a train to Edinburgh. He looked at the train (3) __________ to see what time the trains left. Then he went to the (4) __________ to buy a ticket. He didn’t want to change (5) __________ so he asked for the (6) __________ train. It travelled at night so he bought a ticket for the (7) __________ to get some sleep. The (8) __________ was going to (9) __________ seven hours.
15
Clothes A
Accessories
Clothes and accessories leather jacket
sweater/ jumper
shorts sweatshirt
tracksuit
r a e w
T-shirt
denim jeans
denim jacket
woollen cardigan
l
a
u
s
S wi m w ea r swimming trunks
w a l
waistcoat Shirt
r m F o
CLOTHES/
bikini
r
e a
a
C
trousers
(AmE vest)
Suit
W o
m e
ACCESSORIES
n s ’
raincoat
i te m
s
overcoat
s
r ie s s o c c e
A
F o o
U
t w
n d
belt hat tie
e a
r
e
blouse
r
w e
top
skirt
dress
a r
handbag cap
sandals
gloves scarf
earrings
trainers
boots
(AmE sneakers)
necklace slippers
high-heeled shoes
sport shoes
pyjamas woollen scarf
silk scarf
(AmE pajamas)
tights bra
knickers
underpants
vest (AmE undershirt)
socks lycra tights / bra B
Useful expressions Is this big enough ? Don’t I look too thin ?
Too thin ? No way. You’re slim and tall . You look wonderful . Just amazing !
cotton bra / knickers / vest
I’d like something casual , not formal or old-fashioned .
Sure. How much would you like to spend on it?
Those jeans are great . They are superb !
woollen socks
This shirt is too tight for me. I am well built . Do you have a loose one?
I’m looking for a short skirt in a dark colour.
This is extra large . I’m quite short and not too fat , just average in weight . Have you got a smaller size ?
16
You’re right. It doesn’t fit . Do you need small or medium?
Try this on . You’ve got long dark hair and big brown eyes . I think a long skirt in a light colour would suit you better. You’re tall enough to wear it.
Exercises 1
1 ...........
Escribe los nombres de las prendas.
10 ........... 2 ...........
9 ...........
3 ...........
5 ...........
4 ........... 2
7 ...........
8 ...........
Relaciona las prendas con las situaciones. 1 a wedding
2 an informal party
high-heeled shoes ............ trainers ............ denim jacket ............ 3
6 ...........
3 in the rain
suit ............ cap ............ hat ............
4 at home
5 in the gym
tie ............ top ............ pyjamas ............
raincoat ............ tracksuit ............ slippers ............
Relaciona las imágenes con los textos. Completa los huecos marcados (___) utilizando las palabras de la actividad 2. Después completa los huecos marcados (….) con palabras del recuadro. 1
2
average
earrings
gloves
3
look
necklace
overcoat
4
slim
tight
woollen jumper
Julie: When I go out, I like wearing casual clothes, a ________ and a sweater with jeans and perhaps a ________. I usually wear some ………… too. Janet: I don’t have to wear a ________ to work but I need to ………… smart. I usually wear a skirt with a nice blouse and a jacket. I can wear ………… clothes, because I’m ………… , but I’m not very tall, so I wear ________. I always wear a ………… too. John: It gets very cold here in winter, so I always sleep with warm ________ . At the moment I’m wearing a ………… , trousers, thick socks, boots, an ………… , a scarf, ………… and a ________, and I’m still cold! Janice: I’m ………… in weight and height, but I’m really strong and sporty. I often wear a T-shirt with a ________ on top, and ________. I often have a baseball ________ on my head! 4
Completa los diálogos con palabras del recuadro. reduced medium suits light casual wonderful changing-room old-fashioned fit
Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: Jill: Assistant: ... Assistant: Jill: Assistant:
I’m looking for a (1) ________ top. Nothing formal. What about this? No, it’s very (2) ________. My mother has a top like that! This one is nice. Mm, yes… but it’s very dark. Do you have it in a (3) ________ colour? Here you are. It doesn’t (4) ________. It’s extra large! What size do you want, small or (5) ________? I don’t know. I’ll try them both. OK, the (6) ________ is over there… You look (7) ________! It (8) really ________! Is it expensive? No, it’s (9) ________. There’s 30% off.
17
Personal details A
Personality
Behaviour
Personal details Marital status
Two people who live together are a couple.
If you are not married, you are single.
If you have a If your marriage If your husband wife or husband, breaks up (ends), or wife dies, you you are married. you are divorced are widowed*. or separated.
Age
Parent: mother / father A single parent takes care of a child alone.
Job (*) a widow = woman a widower = man
If you are between 45 and 65 years A pensioner has of age, you are middle-aged. retired from work. B
C
Personality
A helpful person assists others (≠unhelpful).
A loyal friend / worker shows constant support (≠disloyal).
An anxious person is always worried and tense (≠relaxed).
A hard-working person works a lot (≠lazy).
A patient person doesn’t mind waiting (≠impatient)
A polite person has good manners (≠rude / bad manners)
A quiet person is reserved (≠noisy)
An outgoing person is friendly, socially confident and enjoys being with people (≠shy)
A kind person has a considerate personality (≠unkind)
A sensitive person understands other people’s feelings or is easily hurt or offended (≠insensitive).
Behaviour
make a lot of noise
apologise say hello and goodbye / be polite
Being a good neighbour
help each other do jobs for other people / be kind
18
If you don’t have a job at the moment, you are unemployed.
socialise / be outgoing
be sociable / get on well with your neighbours
argue a lot / shout at people
have wild parties / play loud music
Being a bad neighbour
have a bad relationship with your neighbours / be unsociable
stay out late complain about your neighbours
be rude
Exercises 1
Completa las oraciones con las palabras del recuadro. divorced
marital status
married
couple
single
age
1 Terry has been ___________ since he broke up with Gloria. 2 Janet and John make a lovely ___________ . 3 Cynthia and Phil got ___________ after their marriage didn’t work. 4 Keith and Norma are happily ___________ . 5 My granddad lived to an old ___________ . 6 You usually give your ___________ ___________ when you fill in an official form. 2
3
4
Sustituye los errores subrayados por las palabras correctas. 1 Mary is a widower.
……………………………………………
2 Pat lost her job two weeks ago. She’s retired.
……………………………………………
3 My dad is 50. He is a teenager.
……………………………………………
4 My mum is single. She retired last year.
……………………………………………
5 My dad is a couple who cares for his children alone.
……………………………………………
Escribe los opuestos de los siguientes adjetivos. 1 _______
lazy
6 _______
unsociable
2 polite
_______
7 _______
noisy
3 _______
unkind
8 patient
_______
4 helpful
_______
9 _______
shy
5 _______
unfriendly
10 loyal
_______
Completa los diálogos. 1 A: My children are very _______ . I always have to tell them to be quiet. B: Mine aren’t - they have very _______ _______ with strangers. 2 A: I’m really _______ at weekends. I don’t do anything! B: You should get a hobby. 3 A: My wife is very _______ . She loves to meet friends. B: Mine isn’t. She’s _______ , but I don’t mind. We’re happy. 4 A: Thanks a lot, Sue. You’re always so _______ when I have a problem. B: Don’t mention it! That’s what friends are for! 5 A: My sister is never _______ . She worries about everything. B: That’s her problem. If she’s so _______ , you can’t really do anything about it.
5
Vives en el número 17. Escribe frases sobre tus vecinos.
My neighbours are very different. At number 15, the children are very noisy. They ............................
.................................................................................................................................................................
At number 19, .............................................................................................................................................
.................................................................................................................................................................
19
Bad habits A
Plans and arrangements
Intentions and resolutions
Bad habits
bite your nails
smoke
watch TV late at night
use bad language / swear
gossip
eat fatty foods
use your mobile phone all the time
arrive late for meetings
be rude
• Observa algunos verbos que se usan para hablar de hábitos. Usamos spend y waste para dinero y tiempo. Waste tiene una connotación negativa (desperdiciar, malgastar). I usually spend a lot of money on holiday.
June spends a lot of time talking on the phone.
He is wasting his time watching so much TV.
He wastes his money on expensive clothes.
• Con stop o give up nos referimos al cese de una mala costumbre: He stopped biting his nails. B
Plans and arrangements
go to the optician
go to the hairdresser’s
visit someone in hospital
C
She gave up smoking on 1st January
have dinner with friends
sit an exam
go to the beauty parlour
take a driving test
go to a funeral
pick the children up from school
Talking about resolutions and intentions Many people like to make a resolution at New Year. Some people decide they are going to give up smoking, for example. Others say that they are going to take up exercise. However, it isn’t usually easy to keep these
I’m going to go on a diet and lose weight!
resolutions. In fact, most people break their New Year’s resolution well before Easter!
I’m going to change my look and grow a beard!
• Observa los verbos y frases que utilizamos para hablar sobre intenciones. book a hotel, a holiday, a ticket catch a train, a bus, plane change jobs, your look, your life style get married, divorced get a divorce, a new job, a haircut, a pet, your driving license go on a trip, a cruise, a journey, holiday, a diet
20
grow a moustache, a beard, you hair long lose weight move to a bigger flat, a different town, another country start your own business, a family take part in a race or any other kind of event take up a new hobby, a sport
Exercises 1
Paul es estudiante. Completa el correo electrónico que escribe a sus padres. biting
smoking wasting
watches TV gossips spending a lot of money
eating fatty foods swears
Dear Mum and Dad, Things here aren’t what I expected! My flatmates are very difficult. Maria never stops (1) __________ and the flat smells of tobacco. John (2) __________ every night. He doesn’t turn it off until 3 o’clock in the morning. Colin is horrible. He (3) __________ about people behind their backs and (4) __________ a lot. You know I don’t like bad language! The food is terrible too. I’m (5) __________ and putting on weight. Also, I’m (6) __________ on books for the course. They’re really expensive. I hope I’m not (7) __________ my time studying. Three years is a long time. Love, Paul PS The only good news – I’ve stopped (8) __________ my nails! 2
Completa el texto con los planes de Julie para la próxima semana. 1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
On Monday morning, Julie is going to the (1) __________ She’s (2) __________ in the evening. On Tuesday, she’s going to the (3) __________ in the morning and then she’s (4) __________ from school. On Wednesday, she has to (5) __________ . On Thursday her friend Amy is (6) __________ and Julie is going with her. After that they are planning to go to a (7) __________ On Friday, her son has to (8) __________ so Julie will take him to the cinema after that. 3
Completa las frases con la forma apropiada de los verbos del recuadro. start
get
catch
move to
grow
take part in
1 I’m __________ a marathon this weekend.
5 I’m __________ a haircut this afternoon.
2 I have to __________ a train to Paris tonight.
6 Bob is __________ a beard as soon as he
3 John wants to __________ a bigger flat.
starts his holidays.
4 My husband is __________ a new job tomorrow. 4
Relaciona los verbos con las expresiones y después escribe frases sobre los planes de estas personas para los próximos doce meses. __ 1 take up
a another country / a different town / a new part of town
__ 2 get
b my hair long / a moustache / a beard
__ 3 go on
c a new job / a new car / a new boy / girlfriend
__ 4 move to
d karate / running / photography
__ 5 grow
e a holiday / a cruise / a yoga retreat
Example: Kate – running / a new part of town / a new boyfriend. Kate is going to take up running. She’s going to move to a new part of town, and she’s going to get a new boyfriend. 1 Jane – another country / a new job / her hair long .............................................................................. 2 Paul – photography / a beard / go on a yoga retreat ............................................................................ 3 Dan – a moustache / a holiday / a new car ............................................................................................ 4 Lesley – karate / her hair long / a cruise ................................................................................................
21
Personal biography and life achievements A
Personal achievements Relationships
be born
grow up
make (new) friends
have a girlfriend
get married start a family / bring up have children children
fall in love
separate / get divorced
Places to live Most young people nowadays can’t afford to buy their own house, so they rent a room or a flat. Later, if they are lucky, they can own a house. For many people, the dream is to move to a bigger house in the suburbs, or perhaps even to live abroad. Of course, there are people who prefer the simple life, living on a farm in the countryside. B
Professional achievements get a (university) degree / graduate from university
Education get a professional qualification from a vocational college
do a master’s degree
have a career in journalism / teaching
start / run your own business
join a company / the army
get a job
do charity work
Work work abroad get promoted C
work as a pilot / an engineer
Dreams and ambitions start a fashion blog
retire
win a cup / a medal
climb a mountain
win a prize / an award write your memoirs
walk across a continent / a desert
Sport Culture and media
become / be a celebrity
play for Arsenal
compete in / take part in the Olympics
write a bestseller
record an album
appear in a music video / a magazine / on a TV talk show
run a marathon / a 100 metre race
stay in a five-star hotel / a youth hostel / a seaside resort / a ski resort
live / stay with a host family
learn a foreign language
Travel
fly abroad
22
fly / drive / travel to ...
spend a holiday in …
meet foreign people / foreigners
Exercises 1
Forma expresiones con los elementos de cada recuadro para completar las frases. Utiliza los verbos en la forma adecuada. 1 buy
5 get
a a bigger house / the suburbs
e friends
2 start
6 fall
b children
f abroad / on a farm
3 move to
7 live
c a family
g in love
4 bring up
8 make
d your own house / flat
h married / divorced
1 We got tired of living in the city. We’re __________________ now. We love it. 2 I knew as soon as I saw her that I was going to __________________ . 3 The marriage didn’t work out so they __________________ last year. 4 The bank gave Jake and Pam a mortgage so now they’re __________________ . 5 People are very friendly here. We’re going to lots of parties and __________________ all the ti me. 6 __________________ can be very tiring - it’s nice when they grow up. 7 Kate and Don moved to the country because they want to __________________ . They think it
will be better for the children. 8 The Joneses are selling their house. They’re __________________ in the suburbs. 2
Estas personas están muy orgullosas de sus logros. Escribe lo que han conseguido. 1
Jemima
2
Paul & Haley
3
Louise
4
Joanne
Example: Jemima has won an Oscar.
5
Jo & Adele
6
Richard
7
Grace
The Ravers
4 Jo and Adele .........................................................
1 Paul and Haley ................................................ 5 Richard .................................................................. 2 Louise .............................................................. 6 Grace ..................................................................... 3 Joanne ............................................................. 7 The Ravers ............................................................ 3
Completa el texto con la forma correcta de los verbos del recuadro. compete
take
meet
join
win
get
start
graduate
leave
I started running seriously when I was at university. I (1) _________ part in a lot of races and (2) _________ quite a few medals. After I (3) _________, I continued to (4) _________ in local events. Unfortunately, I got injured and had to stop. I (5) _________ a sports company and (6) _________ promoted after a year. However, I wanted to (7) _________ my own business so I (8) _________ the company. That was a big year for me because I (9) _________ my future wife then too! 4
Relaciona los personajes con sus logros y escribe frases con los verbos adecuados. 1 J. K. Rowling 2 Alfredo di Stefano 3 Steve Jobs 4 Usain Bolt 5 The Beatles 6 Charles Lindberg
a Apple Computer b Hey Jude in 1968 c the Atlantic in 1927 d Real Madrid e Harry Potter f the London Olympics
Example: J. K. Rowling wrote Harry Potter. 1 Alfredo di Stefano ................................................................................................................................. 2 Steve Jobs ............................................................................................................................................. 3 Usain Bolt .............................................................................................................................................. 4 The Beatles ............................................................................................................................................ 5 Charles Lindenberg ...............................................................................................................................
23
Job hunting (working conditions, looking for a job, a CV, a job interview) A
Working conditions
This is my boss . These are my workmates .
• A full-time job is one that occupies all your working time. • A part-time job is only for a smaller number of hours every day. • Your working hours are the hours you spend at your job. • A nine-to-five job is a full-time job with fixed working hours. • You work long hours if you work more than eight hours a day. • Teleworking is working on the phone, via the Internet or teleconferencing etc., usually from home. • If you are not well, you can take sick leave. B
Looking for a job
John has been job hunting for several months.
The other day he saw a job advert in the newspaper. He decided to apply for the job.
John sent his CV and a covering letter . He also sent details of two referees : one of his university lecturers and his first boss.
The company invited John to come to a job interview . There were several applicants .
The interviewer asked him lots of questions and gave him information about the salary .
Now John earns a small wage working in a bar. He is quite lucky, though. Some of his workmates are working for an hourly rate .
a covering letter = a letter explaining why a person wants the job a referee = a person who provides a personal recommendation
- a salary (in a year) - a wage (in a week) - an hourly rate (in an hour)
the amount of money that a person earns is: C
A CV
Personal Details Name: Jo Hart Nationality: British
Date of birth: 10 January, 1990 Address: 23 Runners Ave, Manchester MA5, 2CD Phone: 536998201 Email:
[email protected] Education and Qualifications 2000 – 2008 Manchester Academy (8 GCSE’s) 2009 Waitering Certificate, UK Waiters’ Institute Languages English (fluent); basic Italian Employment and Work Experience 2009– 2011 Waiter and barman, Crown Jewels Bar and Restaurant 2011 – 2013 Waiter, Luigi’s Restaurant 2013 – present Waiter, Jimmy’s Pizzas Other skills, interests and hobbies Word processing and spreadsheets (user level) Football (playing and watching), meeting friends, walking in the mountains Clean driver’s licence Personal goals I would like to become the manager of a restaurant or bar.
24
D
A job interview
Algunas preguntas típicas en una entrevista: Why do you want to work for us? Do you have any work experience? What are you good at? What are some of your bad points? Do you prefer working alone or in a team? What is your greatest achievement? What are your interests? Do you want to ask anything about the job?
Yes, when are the holidays?
!!!
Exercises 1
Completa el crucigrama.
2
1
3
Across 3 Working on the telephone from home. 5 Work for more than eight hours a day. 8 Person in charge. 9 Work for a limited number of hours every day.
4
7
6
8
Down 1 Full-time job with fixed working hours. 2 The hours you spend at your job. 4 Work that occupies all your working time. 6 Time spent at home when you are not well. 7 People I work with.
2
5
9
Completa cada párrafo con las palabras de uno de los recuadros. 1 I was (a) __________ last week and saw a (b) __________. I sent my (c) _________ to the (d) _________ and waited for a reply.
holidays salary
2 We received a (a) _________ yesterday with a very good (b) ________. We contacted the (c) ________ and then called the (d) _______ in for a (e) ________. 3 The (a) __________ asked the applicant a lot of questions. The applicant only wanted to know about the (b) __________ and the (c) __________. He didn’t get the job! 3
4
interviewer
covering letter application job interview applicant referees job hunting CV Human Resources Department job advert
Escribe los encabezamientos para las secciones del CV y utiliza las palabras del recuadro para completar los datos que faltan. 1
: Mr Barry Holden, ___, ____
2
: King’s College, Leeds University ___ Hons
BA cooking learn
3
: _____, French (basic)
married
4
: _____ Ford cars 2010 __ 2012
salesman
5
: _____, tennis
6
: to ____ Italian
to Spanish 33
Escribe las preguntas con las pautas dadas. Luego, relaciónalas con las respuestas. 1 Why / you / want / work for us? …………………………………………………………………… 2 You / any work experience? …………………………………………………………………… 3 What / you / good at? …………………………………………………………………… 4 What / your bad points? …………………………………………………………………… 5 working alone or in a team? …………………………………………………………………… 6 What / your greatest achievement? …………………………………………………………………… 7 What / your interests? ……………………………………………………………………
a I like working in a team because it is
more dynamic, creative and productive. b I’m very good at organising. c I enjoy reading and going to the
cinema. I also like playing tennis. d Because you are a serious and reliable
company. e Sometimes I’m a little impatient. f I once walked fifty miles for charity. I’m
very proud of that. g Yes, I’ve worked in a hotel.
25
Family rules
/ … … O T T S E U V A M H U U O O go to bed early Y Y
… T ’ N A C U O Y / … T ’ N T S U M U O Y
Leisure activities
do your homework on time
do housework
help with the shopping
be clean and organised
go to bed late
play computer games all day
talk to friends online after 10 p.m.
play truant from school
play loud music in your room
drink alcohol in your room
go out late / hang out with friends late at night
make a mess in the kitchen
/ … … Y N A A M C U U go clubbing once O O Y Y a week
go to the gym
I get on with my parents. I talk about my problems. My dad often gives me advice . My parents trust me.
go cycling / go for a bike ride
Our children are well-behaved and polite .
eat out
stay in on Saturday night
I argue with my parents. My parents complain about my friends, my clothes, everything. My parents don’t trust me!
chat with friends online
Our children are rebellious and rude . We can never discuss problems in a friendly way. They don’t listen to us!
get on with sb: have a good relationship with sb trust sb: have confidence in a person give sb advice: be helpful and tell sb what to do
argue: disagree, usually by talking angrily complain about sth: say that you are not satisfied with sth discuss sth: talk about sth (in a friendly way)
well-behaved : following the rules polite: respectful with people
rebellious: breaking the rules rude: disrespectful, not polite
sb = somebody
26
sth = something
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa el texto con las expresiones del recuadro. play loud music drink alcohol
go to bed be clean and organised
do your homework play truant from school
Welcome to your new host family. We have a few simple rules here. You must (1)______ early no later than 10 o’clock. And during the week you must (2)______ every day; we are responsible to your school for that. Of course, it’s also very important not to (3)______ - you are here to learn as well as to have fun. In your room, remember to (4)______ - we don’t like dirty rooms. You mustn’t (5)______, but you can go to cafés if you want. And please don’t (6)______ - it disturbs the rest of the family.
2
Escribe normas para adolescentes utilizando una expresión de cada columna y must , can o mustn’t . hang out with friends play computer games finish your homework keep your clothes go for bike rides go to bed
3
at the weekends in the countryside late at night in your cupboard after 11 before you watch TV
1....................................................................... 2....................................................................... 3....................................................................... 4....................................................................... 5 ....................................................................... 6 .......................................................................
Forma expresiones emparejando elementos de cada recuadro. Después sustituye con ellas las partes subrayadas de las frases. Cambia la forma del verbo (afirmativa / negativa) si es necesario. 1 do
2 help
3 make
(a) with the shopping (e) the kitchen a mess
4 go
(b) out late (f) truant
5 be
6 hang
7 play
(c) out with friends (g) housework
8 stay
(d) in (h) very tidy
Example: Jenny didn’t go out last night. Jenny stayed in last night
1 Will likes to spend time with friends at the weekends. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 2 When his mother is tired, Nick sometimes does the shopping. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 3 George hates school. He often doesn’t go to class. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 4 Veronica doesn’t come home early on Sunday nights, so she’s always tired on Mondays. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 5 John is very organised – he always knows where everything is. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 6 The baby made the kitchen very dirty – her milk was all over the floor. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 7 I’m going to do jobs around the house next Saturday morning. ………………….………………………………………………….………………….…………………… 4
Completa el diálogo con expresiones del recuadro. trust me don't have argue rude complain about gives me a lot of advice well behaved discuss
Sean:
Do you get on with your parents, Emma?
Emma: Yes, I do. I (1) __________ any problems with them. They say I’m very (2) __________ . But my mum worries about me. She (3) __________ ! Sean:
What about you, Jake?
Jake:
No, I don’t! We (4) __________ about everything. They don’t (5) __________! I can never (6) __________ my problems with them. They always (7) __________ my behaviour. And they say I’m (8) __________.
27
Advertising to advertise /dvtaz/ to use advertisements to sell products or services
an advertisement /dvtsmnt/
an item of publicity for a product or service
ADVERTISING /dvtaz/
the business of selling products or services by advertisements
(short form: ad / advert)
an advertiser /dvtaz/
a person or organisation that advertises brand
I organise advertising campaigns.
jingle
TV commercial
slogan
advertising manager
Advertising campaigns to promote new products
can be informative or entertaining. They can be
That’s a catchy jingle!
annoying or they can make you laugh. But they
must make people pay attention!
annoying - irritating entertaining - fun and enjoyable informative - giving information
28
make you laugh be funny pay attention notice promote - advertise
catchy – easy to remember
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con palabras del recuadro. ad
advertisers
advertise
advertising
advertisements
Some marketing tips First of all, if you want to sell your product, you have to (1) ________ it. (2) ________ campaigns are expensive, so (3) ________ have to make sure to get their campaigns right. What are the characteristics of a good (4) ________? Well, it needs to be memorable. People remember (5) ________ that make them laugh. 2
3
Escribe la palabra adecuada para cada definición. 1 A person who organises campaigns __________
4 A tune that advertises something __________
2 An ad on TV
__________
5 Memorable
__________
3 A phrase that sells a product
__________
6 Special or unique
__________
Vuelve a escribir las frases, sustituyendo las palabras y expresiones subrayadas por las que aparecen en el recuadro. pay attention to
is very informative
entertaining
promoting
annoying
make you laugh
1 I really like the new campaign. It gives a lot of information. ________________________________
4
2 I saw a great TV commercial. It was amusing.
________________________________
3 I like chocolate commercials. They are so humorous.
________________________________
4 They are advertising a new electric car in the papers today.
________________________________
5 I find perfume ads really irritating.
________________________________
6 That ad is amazing. It really makes you notice the product.
________________________________
Relaciona las ilustraciones con las expresiones del recuadro.
d
c
a
e b 5
1 A catchy slogan
__
2 An exclusive product
__
3 A special offer
__
4 50% off
__
5 Three for the price of two 6 Well-known brands
f
__
Completa las conversaciones con las expresiones. Después, relaciónalas con los dibujos. entertaining get one free advertising campaign TV commercials come on ‘Come to the Cside.’ that jingle a special offer very catchy, isn’t it?
a
b
c
d
1 A: Listen
to ______ . B: Yes, it’s ______ .
2 A: I’m
going to the supermarket. They’ve got ______ . B: Yes, buy two and ______ .
3 A: I
always change channels when ______ . B: Do you? I enjoy them. Some of them are very ______ . Have you seen the Marina Hotel’s latest ______ ? B: Is that the one with the stupid slogan? ______ .
4 A:
29
Humour Adjectives + prepositions Word formation: nouns ending in -tion, -ness, -ment A
Humour political satire intelligent humour
irony
TYPES OF HUMOUR
sarcasm
surreal humour
cruel humour
• Humour can be ironic, sarcastic, cruel or intelligent . • When a situation makes you laugh, it is funny . • Something is humorous when people laugh at it. •
black humour
• If you have a sense of humour , you enjoy laughing. •
•
Political satire laughs at politics and politicians. Black humour laughs at death or illness.
Observa cómo hablamos de chistes.
A joke is a story or anecdote that makes people laugh. Some people are good at telling jokes . The punchline in a joke is the last line. A blue joke is a joke that is rude or obscene. When you play a practical joke on a person, you give them a surprise (often not a very nice one!). Careful - practical joker!
• Lee las definiciones. funny (adj): a joke or a person that makes other people laugh. Peter told a very funny joke. witty (adj): a joke or a person that uses words in a clever and funny way. John always makes witty remarks – he’s really amusing. hilarious (adj): extremely funny. The film was hilarious – no one in the cinema could stop laughing. comedian (n): a person who tells jokes professionally. My favourite comedian is Billy Connelly. sitcom (n): (situation comedy) a television comedy show about people in everyday situations. B
Adjectives + Prepositions • Algunos adjetivos van siempre acompañados de una misma preposición. Observa: interested in famous for
frightened / proud of worried / happy / crazy about
good at influenced by
• Las preposiciones siempre van seguidas de sustantivo o verbo en -ing . I’m very interested in writing. Charlie Chaplin was famous for his silent films. My brother is frightened of flying. His girlfriend is crazy about sit-coms. I’m good at playing tennis. C
Word formation: nouns ending in -tion, -ness, -ment • Podemos formar nombres añadiendo -tion, -ness o -ment a verbos o adjetivos. Verb + tion : examine – examination, concentrate – concentration Verb + ment : excite – excitement, agree – agreement Adjective + ness : dark – darkness, happy – happiness
30
rude to
Exercices Exercises 1
Contesta a estas preguntas. 1 What colour do we associate with jokes that are rude or obscene? 2 What do we call a person who makes intelligent jokes? 3 What kind of a joke is sometimes an unpleasant surprise? 4 What is the name for the last line of a joke? 5 What kind of TV programmes show humorous everyday situations? 6 What profession does Rowan Atkinson (Mr Bean) have?
2
_________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________ _________________
Completa las frases con las siguientes palabras y expresiones. funny sarcastic sense of humour
humorous black humour
intelligent laugh
1 I don’t enjoy _________. I can’t laugh about people dying. 2 John thanked Melissa for the wonderful present but he was being _________. She only gave him a pair of socks. 3 He hasn’t got a _________. He never laughs at anything! 4 I don’t know why you always _________ at Pete’s jokes. I don’t think they’re _________ at all. 5 The situation was quite _________. The policeman who stopped Jan yesterday for speeding was her ex-boyfriend! 6 It’s not true that _________ people don’t lik e blue jokes. My university professor was always telling them! 3
Completa las frases combinando un adjetivo con una preposición.
frightened interested
proud crazy
famous happy
good
in
of
about
about
at
of
for
worried
about
1 My little brother is _____________________ The Simpsons . He’s a real fan. 2 The Saturday Night Live show is _____________________ its political satire. 3 My best friend isn’t _____________________ hearing any of my jokes! We don’t have the same sense of humour. 4 My friends laugh at me because I’m _____________________ spiders. 5 I’m not _____________________ my February exam results; I hope to get better marks in June. 6 If you are _____________________ a situation, the best thing to do is to look on the funny side. 7 I was really _____________________ myself for telling a jok e in public. 8 My son is really _____________________ tennis. He may become a professional player soon. 4
Escribe las frases con la forma correcta de las palabras entre paréntesis. 1 Candidates must pass a medical (examine) to work for this company. ..................................................................................................................................................... 2 There was a lot of (excite) in the audience as they waited for the comedy show to start. ..................................................................................................................................................... 3 The spotlight fell on the presenter. The rest of the stage was in (dark). ..................................................................................................................................................... 4 The comedian was terrible. He lost his (concentrate) several times and missed the punchlines. ..................................................................................................................................................... 5 The meeting was long but we finally reached an (agree) that satisfied everyone. .....................................................................................................................................................
31
Musical styles and instruments A
Musical styles rock & roll
jazz
punk
reggae
flamenco
heavy metal
country
rap
classical
opera
I don’t like rock . I prefer soul, rhythm & blues and blues .
I like dance music . My favourites are pop, funk, techno, hip hop and electronic .
B
I prefer more traditional music like opera or folk .
Creating, performing and listening to music bass bass player
drums drummer INSTRUMENTS and MUSICIANS
guitar / electric guitar - guitarist / guitar player violin - violinist / violin player
saxophone saxophonist / saxophone player
composers write music give a concert / play live record an album Bands and singers… go on tour
piano - pianist / piano player keyboards keyboard player
songwriters write song lyrics Songwriters and composers
mp3 player
CD – CD player
on a / an GADGETS
MUSIC JOBS film soundtracks orchestras play…
You listen to music …
headphones
through
loudspeakers
classical music
A songwriter writes song lyrics and a composer writes music. Film soundtracks are often played by an orchestra. Most people don’t use CDs or CD players now. They download songs from the Internet and listen to them on an mp3 player or on their i-Pod . You often see people listening through their headphones in public. At home, they usually have loudspeakers.
32
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa el crucigrama con estilos musicales. Across 1
2
1 This style got its name from the word ‘popular’.
3
5 This is a unique Spanish style.
4
5
7 This Afro-American style inspired many rock musicians.
6
8 This style originally came from Jamaica. 7
9 This style is associated with cowboys. Down
2 This was an aggressive style, popular in the 1970s.
8
3 Louis Armstrong was a great ______ musician. 4 Aretha Franklin sings in this style. 9
6 Plácido Domingo is an ______ singer. 8 The Rolling Stones are one of the greatest ______ bands of all time.
2
Completa las frases. 3
4
5
6
2
1
7
8
1 The band has a really good __________. 2 Dave is a really good classical __________. 3 I have always wanted to be a __________. 4 Nick is a fantastic __________. 5 A jazz band needs a really good __________. 6 Their rock and roll band has a very young __________. 7 I love listening to Frankie. He’s a brilliant __________. 8 My dad is the __________ in her local church orchestra. 3
Contesta a las preguntas. 1 Who is a person who composes music? ............................................................................................ 2 What is the music on films called? ...................................................................................................... 3 What do you wear to listen to music? ................................................................................................. 4 What has replaced CDs? ....................................................................................................................... 5 What do we call the large boxes that transmit music at concerts? ................................................... 6 What do you call a group of musicians that play classical music? ..................................................
4
Completa las frases con la palabra adecuada del recuadro. album
band
lyrics music tour downloaded i-Pod concerts live
songwriter
My favourite boy (1) _______, One Direction, has recorded a new (2) _______ and (3) _______ video. They are going on (4) _______ in the US! They are giving a lot of (5) _______ so their fans will be able to hear them playing (6) _______ music. I love the (7) _______ of their songs. They have a really talented (8) _______. I have (9) _______ all their songs onto my (10) _______, paying of course!
33
Traditions, festivals and public holidays A
Festivals
cultural religious
harvest
music
FESTIVALS
local
• Christmas is a religious festival and Glastonbury is a music festival. The Hay Festival of Literature and Arts is a cultural festival held in Wales. • Harvest festivals are still common in farming areas; there’s lots of food, contests, music and dancing. an annual / a monthly event a public holiday a religious event a bank holiday
Special events and occasions
a holiday
a sporting event
a National Day
Cheese rolling is a traditional annual event that takes place / is held near Gloucester every spring. Wimbledon is one of the most famous sporting events in the world. Our wedding anniversary is a special occasion for our family. We all get together to celebrate. Tomorrow is a holiday in Ireland: it’s St Patrick’s Day. A bank holiday is a public holiday in the United Kingdom. All businesses close on a bank holiday. A long weekend is when a public holiday falls on a Monday or a Friday. COUNTRY
PATRON SAINT
NATIONAL DAY
Wales
St David
March 1
A normal working day
Scotland
St Andrew
November 30
A public holiday
England
St George
April 23
A normal working day
Ireland
St Patrick
March 17
A public holiday
St David is the patron saint of Wales. The National Day of Wales is St David’s Day, on March 1st. St David’s Day is a normal working day in Wales.
On Mother’s Day you send a card, flowers or chocolates to your mother. At a carnival, people dress up. They wear fancy costumes. On Bonfire Night, people light a bonfire and watch fireworks. On Thanksgiving, Americans cook a special dinner with turkey. On Shrove Tuesday, people make pancakes. That’s why it’s also called Pancake Day. At Christmas, people put up decorations and give presents. At Easter they eat chocolate Easter eggs. On New Year’s Eve, people usually have a party. On April Fool’s Day, people play games and tricks on other people.
Celebrations
a parade
34
a carnival
a street party
a bonfire
fireworks
Exercices Exercises 1
Encuentra ocho palabras en el dibujo. ades
wor ks
deco
mes car
f ir e
ra t
ent s
niv al
bon
ions
cakes
tu
pan
par
fires
cos
pr es
1 _______ 2 _______ 3 _______ 4 _______ 5 _______ 6 _______ 7 _______ 8 _______ 2
Completa las frases con las palabras del ejercicio anterior. 1 People eat __________ on Shrove Tuesday. 2 People in Britain light _______ and make ______ on November 5. 3 Notting Hill is a very famous __________ in London. 4 It’s always nice to get __________ at Christmas and on your birthday. 5 There are always very colourful __________ on Chinese New Year. 6 Children usually enjoy putting up __________ at Christmas. 7 At the carnival in Venice, some people wear beautiful fancy __________.
3
Completa las definiciones con las palabras del recuadro y relaciónalas con los eventos. 1 A music _____
a) The FA Cup Final
2 A beer _____
couples
b) Easter
3 An annual sporting _____
culture
c) Father’s Day
4 A celebration of Scottish _____
event
d) Woodstock
5 A religious _____
fathers
e) St Andrew’s Day
6 A special occasion for married _____
festival (x3)
f) The Oktoberfest
7 A special day for _____ 4
g) A wedding anniversary
Completa el crucigrama.
1
2
Across
6 People celebrate this in Ireland. 7 You need to be careful on this day! 8 You eat special food on this day.
3 6
4 5
Down
1 Americans remember the first settlers on this day. 2 This religious festival takes place on a different. date every year 3 This is a special day for people who are in love. 4 An ancient tradition says that this is the night for witches. 7 5 The day that Christians celebrate the birth of Jesus. 8
5
Identifica la celebración y describe lo que hace la gente. Example: children / flowers and chocolates / mothers On Mother’s Day children give flowers and chocolates to their mothers.
1 fireworks / bonfires ........................................................................................................ 2 turkey .............................................................................................................................. 3 games and tricks ............................................................................................................ 4 pancakes ......................................................................................................................... 5 green beer ......................................................................................................................
35
Sleep and dreams A
Verbs of movement
Sleep and dreams Young children often don’t want to go to bed at their proper bedtime. Teenagers often like to stay up late. Older people sometimes take a nap in the afternoon. But for everybody, it’s important to get a good night’s sleep.
Daddy, I think it’s your bedtime too. You’re snoring .
stay up late
lie awake
be exhausted
feel sleepy
take a nap
get / have a good night’s sleep
fall asleep
wake up
I had a pleasant dream last night. I dreamt about my boss. Really? What happened? I dreamt I won the lottery and I never had to see him again! Lucky you! I had a nightmare about my boss. What was it? I dreamt about the sea: in my dream I was a fish and my boss was a fisherman! What a weird dream!
We can dream while we are awake. We call this daydreaming. People who walk in their sleep are sleepwalkers. People who can’t sleep have insomnia and take sleeping pills to help them. When someone is going to bed you can say ‘sweet dreams’. B
Verbs of movement climb drive chase
swing run
crawl jump
36
float walk
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa las frases con las palabras y expresiones de la lista. feel sleepy lies awake siesta bedtime exhausted fall asleep snoring wake up a good night’s sleep stay up late
nap
1 It’s not my _________. It’s only 11 o’clock! 2 My wife says she can’t sleep because of my _________! 3 Teenagers like to _________ and watch films on TV. 4 I think I’ll have a quick _________ in the garden. 5 If I have a _________in the afternoon, I can’t sleep at night. 6 Sheila felt totally refreshed after _________. 7 I usually _________ on the bus on the way home. 8 Paul _________in bed at night because he has lots of problems. 9 I _________ early every morning. 10 If you _________when you are driving you should stop to rest. 11 I am so _________ I could sleep standing up. 2
Ordena el diálogo entre Sean y Liam escribiendo la letra apropiada en el recuadro. (a) S: Hi Liam. Wow, you look exhausted.
(g) L: I dreamt I was a famous footballer.
(b) S: OK, I see. Well, I had a weird dream too.
(h) L: I am.
(c) S: Oh yeah? What was it?
(i) L: I had a nightmare last night.
(d) S: So what’s so bad about that?
(j) L: That’s not a dream! That’s a nightmare!
(e) S: What happened?
(k) L: What was your dream?
(f) S: I dreamt I was the Prime Minister.
(l) L: I missed a penalty in the final of the Champions!
1 a 3
2 h
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
11
12
Completa los huecos con las palabras de la nube y escoge la opción correcta para completar las frases. 1 When you _________, … (a) you are sleeping (b) you are awake (c) you sleepwalk. 2 People take sleeping _________ when they … (a) are nervous (b) have a cold (c) can’t sleep. 3 A _________ is a person who … (a) walks around while they are asleep (b) takes exercise before they sleep (c) walks with people to help them sleep. 4 People say ‘ _________ dreams’ to someone … (a) at bedtime (b) before they eat (c) after they wake up. 5 When a person has _________, he or she … (a) is depressed (b) can’t sleep (c) can’t eat.
4
10
daydream
insomnia
pills
sleepwalker
sweet
Completa la historia con las palabras del recuadro. Pon los verbos en el tiempo correcto (past simple o past continuous). climb
swing jump
run walk
drive
crawl
chase
nap
about
pill
stay
I often have problems to get to sleep, especially when I (1) _____ up late or if I take a long (2) _____ in the afternoon. Sometimes I need to take a sleeping (3) _______, but then I get nightmares and I dream (4) ________ really weird things. Just last night I dreamt I was a monkey. I (5) __________ out of bed and (6) __________ to the park. I (7) __________ on the grass and I (8) __________ up a tree. I (9) __________ on a gate when a zoo warden (10) __________ into the park. He was carrying a net. He (11) __________ me and finally caught me. We (12) __________ to the zoo in his van when I woke up!
37
The environment A
Recycling
Environmental issues
Protecting the environment
pick up litter / rubbish*
clean up beaches, woods, parks
turn off lights, computers, machines, TVs
save water, electricity, energy
throw litter / rubbish
plant trees
Environmentally friendly (green) actions
Non-environmentally friendly actions
use public transport
leave on lights, computers, machines, TVs
share cars
*rubbish: waste material (often, household waste)
pollute beaches, woods, parks
cut down trees
waste water, electricity, energy
litter: rubbish in public places
• A person who protects the environment is environmentally -conscious. • A member of Greenpeace is an environmentalist ; an ecologist is a scientist who studies ecosystems . • Companies or products which respect the environment, or which do not use much energy, are called environmentally-friendly , eco-friendly or green. B
Recycling can cardboard box
PAPER
RECYCLING PLANT
METAL tin
newspaper
plastic bag
jar
GLASS
PLASTIC
cartons glass bottle
plastic bottle
C
Environmental issues and disasters Global warming is the increase in average world temperatures. It is due to the greenhouse effect. This causes climate change, which leads to ice melting and rising sea levels. Environmental issues are becoming more urgent in the world today. Environmentalists organise campaigns to get governments to change their policies.
smoke and carbon emissions
acid rain
car exhaust fumes sewage rubbish
floods
Natural disasters
Pollution sources
factory waste
earthquakes
hurricanes
Man-made deforestation disasters
volcanic eruptions oil spills
38
forest fires
the destruction of the ozone layer
famine
pesticides litter
drought
over-population infertile soil
Exercices Exercises 1
Identifica los elementos de la imagen. 6 1 7
2 4
3 2
Une las palabras de las dos columnas para formar expresiones relacionadas con la ecología. Después completa con ellas las frases. A cut down B clean up C infertile D natural E environmentally F ozone G global H tropical I bottle J greenhouse
3
8
5
a) layer b) effect c) trees d) rainforest e) bank f) warming g) soil h) conscious i) disasters j) beaches
1 Experts say that ______ like forest fires and floods will increase. 2 Authorities in Brazil are trying to protect the _______, while farmers want to ______ and plant soya and corn. 3 The _______ is caused by an increase in CO2 and other gases. It’s named after the buildings where plants that need warmer temperatures are grown. 4 Plants don’t grow well in ________. 5 It takes a long time to _________ after an oil spill. 6 People are becoming more ________, but politicians aren’t doing enough. 7 The hole in the ______ gets bigger every year. 8 The ice in Greenland is melting because of _______. 9 Recycling glass is easy nowadays. Everyone has a ____ near their home.
Completa el texto con las expresiones y palabras adecuadas del recuadro. glass
alternative
turn off
recycle
throw
plant
polluted
public transport
environmentally-conscious
clean up
wasted
left on
In the past, people didn’t worry about pollution. They (1) ______ lights and (2) _______ water. They (3) _______ beaches and woods when they went on holiday. But nowadays, more and more people are (4) __________. They (5) __________ lights at home and (6) __________ paper and (7) __________. They tell their children not to (8) __________ litter and they sometimes volunteer to (9) __________ parks or (10) __________ trees. They prefer to use (11) __________ energies if possible, and they use (12) __________ when they can. 4
Completa el crucigrama.
1
Across 5 __________ is a very serious problem in the Amazon area. 7 Heavy rain can cause a serious __________. Down 1 A __________ is a very strong wind. 7 2 A bad __________ burnt many trees near Valencia last summer. 3 A lot of people die in Africa every year because of __________. 4 The Prestige disaster in the northwest of Spain caused a bad __________. 5 Many people did not have water to drink because of the terrible __________. 6 We measure the strength of an __________ on the Richter Scale.
4
2 5
3 6
39
Computers and the Internet A
Hardware laptop
PC (personal computer) netbook
tablet
smartphone USB port
pen-drive
monitor
cursor
photocopier
screen icon speakers
fax machine
scanner
laser printer
portable hard drive
mouse
keyboard
headset
The World Wide Web / The Internet
B
Millions of people connect to the Internet by broadband. They surf the Web and communicate on social network sites in chatrooms or through a web diary or blog. They use websites to read online papers, to buy things, to study, do their banking or for chatting.
C
What’s your email address?
my/
[email protected] (my slash books at sm dot net)
What’s the website address?
www.grupo-sm.com (www grupo dash sm dot com)
Computer and internet-related verbs
print
open a document
sign up for a blog
write
WORKING WITH DOCUMENTS AND FILES
save
send an email to a friend / email a friend
cut and paste
delete
attach a document / a file to an email
click on an icon
e-mails (= emails)
FOR USING
YOUR COMPUTER
40
go online
BEING ONLINE
log off check your mail download / upload photos / videos
chat online
blogs and social networks
blog / write a blog entry
post a message / an image
to a comment wall
TIPS
log on
in a forum thread
If your computer crashes, take it to an offi cial service centre.
Exercices Exercises 1
Escribe qué representan las siguientes imágenes. 1
2
__________ 2
3
__________
4
__________
6
5
__________
__________
7
__________
8
__________
__________
Utiliza palabras del recuadro para completar las frases. portable hard drive laser printers icon
laptop headset screen cursor smartphone fax machine USB ports
1 Anne uses a ___________ for business when she travels. 2 To send someone a copy of a document, you use a ___________. 3 I have a ___________ to back up all the work on my computer. 4 ___________ give great quality prints. 5 When I want to open a programme, I just move the ___________ and click on the ___________ 6 Tom’s computer has 4 ___________. They’re very useful for connecting external devices. 7 My ___________ is 17 inches. 8 I use a ___________ to speak and listen when I skype. 9 I take my ___________ everywhere. I use it to take photos, go on the net, text and even phone people! 3
Combina las palabras de A y B para formar diez palabras o expresiones relacionadas con la informática. A
B
4
1 ………………………………………………… 2 ………………………………………………… 3 ………………………………………………… 4 ………………………………………………… 5 ………………………………………………… 6 ………………………………………………… 7 ………………………………………………… 8 ………………………………………………… 9 ………………………………………………… 10 …………………………………………………
broad
social switch on go web email post log charge upload
a computer address off a photo online site band network the battery a message
Completa los huecos con el verbo adecuado en su forma correcta y escribe en cada recuadro la letra de la parte de la oración que falta. blog
log off
download
go online
save
chat online
crash
open
attach
I work from home, and I’m on the computer most of the time. Every day, the first thing I do is to (1) ___________ and . Before (2) ___________ a document, . It’s funny but sometimes I’m so busy that I forget to (3) ___________ a document . But I make sure I often (4) ___________ my work, and I always do it . Something I hate is that, from time to time, my computer (5) ___________ - when that happens, I get really angry, especially if . If I want to get in touch with friends, I prefer (6) ___________ to using the phone; I don’t really know why, but I just don’t like . I also (7) ___________ every day . I love surfing the Internet, but I never (8) ___________ films . When do I (9) ___________ the Internet? Just before I go to bed!
a) to my mail before sending it. b) before I switch off my computer. c) so that my friends know all my news. d) from pirate sites.
e) I have to wait a lot before I can start it again f) open my email g) making phone calls. h) I always check for viruses
41
Show business: types of entertainment, places, people A
Shows and venues
a cinema a nightclub
(AmE a movie theater)
a film
a theatre
a cabaret a gig
(AmE a a movie)
a play an opera a gig a musical
a ballet a classical concert
a concert hall
an arena
an opera a rock concert a classical concert a gig
a rock concert a gig
• The place where a public show show or public event takes place is a venue. • Big bands often play in arenas or sports stadiums. • A festival is an entertainment event usually lasting two or three days with a variety of performances. • A gig is a concert, especially playing modern music. B
Theatre and cinema
(AmE Theater Theater and movies)
Theatre outside 1 2 3
Theatre inside 3 1 2 5 4
1 a theatre
2 the box office
3 a queue
1 costumes 2 the stage 5 a seat in the front row
Artists
A film set 8
3
4
1
5
4 the aisle
4 1
5 3
8
6 7
3 the curtain
2 6
2
1 a performer 2 the audience 3 a ballet dancer 4 an opera singer 5 a magician 6 the stage manager 7 stage crew 8 an usher
7
1 lights 2 the director 3 a make-up artist 4 a stuntman 5 an actor 6 an actress 7 a film star 8 a cameraman
cartoon western
love story Types of film
documentary action thriller C
Actors and the audience
comedy science fiction
horror
Theatre actors actor s work hard. They go to auditions. When they get a part, they have to learn their lines. They rehearse the different scenes many times. The day before the play opens, they have the dress rehearsal, when they wear their costumes for the first time. On the opening night they go on stage and play their part in front of the audience. Some people like to listen to music or watch TV in the comfort of their homes. Others prefer to go out for the evening. They go to a live performance or see a play in the theatre. At the interval, a lot of people have a drink or walk around. A good audience will applaud at the end of the show as the actors bow, but sometimes, if the actors are really bad, people boo.
42
Exercices Exercises 1
Completa las frases con la palabra adecuada del recuadro. musical
plays
concert
film
concert hall
ballet
opera
arenas
cabaret
gigs
is a popular _______ by Andrew Lloyd Weber. 1 Cats is 2 The Bolshoi _______ from Moscow is world famous. 3 Luciano Pavarotti was a famous _______ singer from Italy. 4 Shakespeare’s _______ are performed around the world. 5 I love live music _______ . My last one was by Coldplay; they gave a _______ at the Carnegie Hall. 6 The Moulin Rouge is a famous _______ . 7 The Cannes _______ festival is held every year in France. Orchestra, the _______ was completely full. 8 When I went to listen to the London Symphony Orchestra,
9 Bands like U2 and The Rolling Stones often play in huge _______. 2
Escoge la opción correcta. 1 Where do people watch a cabaret? a) In an arena b) In a nightclub c) In a cinema 2 What type of event has a variety of performances over over several days? a) A gig b) An opera c) A festival 3 Who helps people to find their seats in a theatre or cinema? cinema? a) A stage manager b) A star c) An usher 4 Where do you buy tickets for a play? a) At a box office b) On the stage c) In an aisle 5 What is a very popular actor called? a) A star b) A magician c) A performer 6 Who writes plays? a) A make-up artist b) A cameraman c) A playwright
3
Escribe la palabra a la que corresponde cada definición. dangerous scenes. ..................................................... . ............................................................. ......... 1 A person who takes an actor’s place in dangerous ............................................................................................. ............................................ 2 A type of film that makes people laugh. ................................................. ................................................................................................... .................................................... 3 A performer who does magic tricks. ............................................... 4 A type of film that frightens people. .................................................................................................... 5 People who are interested in the future often like this type of film. ................................................. 6 People who move the scenery on a stage, handle lighting and sound, etc. ....................................
4
Completa el texto con palabras o expresiones del recuadro. No todas son necesarias. opens
applauds rehearsing
auditions
his lines
have a drink
walk around
performance
get a part
costume
My brother is an actor. It’s It’s quite a stressful job. He goes to a lot of (1) __________ but it’s it’s difficult to (2) __________. He has a very good memory so he doesn’t have problems learning (3) ( 3) __________ and he really enjoys (4) __________, but he gets very nervous before the play (5) __________. He even feels sick when he’s he’s putting on his (6) __________. He’s He’s OK when the curtain goes up, though he always looks to see who’s who’s sitting in the front row. He says it’ it’s s a great feeling when the audience (7) __________ at the end of the (8) __________ and the actors actor s come onto the stage and bow. 5
Etiqueta la ilustración con palabras del ejercicio 4.
43
The Media: TV and radio, the press, online news A
Politics
The press tabloids quality press
types of newspapers and magazines
news magazine
press photographer
foreign correspondent
war correspondent jobs editor
daily / weekly / monthly / Sunday newspapers crime human interest
journalist / reporter reporter
THE PRESS
front page headline
sports politics
types of news
business
celebrity local national / home
• • • • • • B
parts of a newspaper
people
classified ads
international
art and entertainment
advertisement cartoon (= comic strip)
People like reading the news in a daily newspaper. You can find more serious news in the quality press like The Times or or The Independent . There is more trivial news in tabloids like The Sun or or The Mirror . like Newsweek Newsweek and and Time are are published once a week. News magazines like A journalist or a reporter finds information and writes news stories. A newspaper editor chec checks ks the stories and writes the leading article.
TV and radio My favourite news channel is Sky News. They broadcast 24-hour TV news programmes . CNN is an American TV news station . My favourite watching g presenter is Hala Gorani. I also enjoy watchin the six o’clock news on the BBC. I like the BBC because it doesn’t have commercials.
C
I listen to the news on the radio when I’m driving. Radio 4 is a good radio station. They have regular radio news bulletins. Their newsreaders speak really clear English.
Online news
I follow the news on a news website . It has an on-line news service
D
Politics People vote in a general election for the politicians who will represent them in parliament. They are called MPs (Members of Parliament). The leader of the political party with the most votes becomes Prime Minister. There are three main political parties in the United Kingdom. Political parties in Great Britain Left wing (Labour Party)
44
leading article (= editorial)
Centre (Liberal Democrats)
Right wing (Conservative (Conservat ive / Tories)
Exercices Exercises 1
2
Relaciona los titulares con el tipo de noticias. 1 Man Rescues Dog from River
a) Crime
2 Latest Hollywood Blockbuster Opens Tonight
b) Arts and entertainment
3 Police Arrest Man after Robbery
c) Politics
4 Tension on Border with Syria
d) Sports
5 Property / Travel / Jobs…
e) International
6 Prime Minister Faces Important Vote in Parliament
f) Human interest
7 Red Faces in Liverpool after Defeat by United
g) A comic strip
8
h) Classified ads
Completa las frases. 1 A newspaper that comes out every day is called a _________. 2 A newspaper that comes out on Sundays is called a ________. 3 The Guardian and The New York Times are examples of the ________. 4 ________ contain many photographs, stories about famous people and sensational crime stories. 5 Harper’s and The New Yorker are ________.
3
Responde las preguntas. Who … 1 … reports news from abroad?
____________
2 … checks news stories before they are published? ____________
4
3 … takes photographs for the newspaper?
____________
4 … reports from war zones?
____________
5 … reads the news on TV and the radio?
____________
Completa el texto con palabras del recuadro. No todas las palabras son necesarias. presenters
news channels
ten o’clock news
radio stations
commercials
news website
on the radio
24-hour
editor
I work at home on my computer, so I follow the news on a (1) __________, but I still like to watch the (2) __________ on TV in the evening. There are lots of (3) __________ but I like ITV. I think their (4) __________ are very good. The only problem is that they have (5) __________ but I usually make a cup of tea when they’re on! I enjoy listening to the news (6) __________ too. We have some very good local (7) _________ in our area. 5
¿Cuál es la palabra que no encaja? Encuéntrala, subráyala y relaciónala con la razón por la que no encaja. 1 Labour
Conservatives
2 Prime Minister 3 political party
Queen MP
4 general election 5 left-wing
Republicans
Member of Parliament Tory
leader
vote
centre
Liberal Democrats politician
politician
maximum
police
right-wing
a) This is not a person. b) All the other words are related to elections. c) They are an American political party, not a British one. d) This does not describe the position of a political party. e) She is not elected.
45
Present simple / Present continuous A
Present simple
I / you / we / they
He / she / it
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
I cycle to work.
We don’t have breakfast at home.
She gets up at six.
He doesn’t drive.
QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWERS
Do you commute to work? Yes, I do. / No, I don’t.
When do you start work?
Does he travel a lot?
Yes, he does. / No, he doesn’t.
Where does she live?
• Recuerda las reglas ortográficas de la terminación - s (3ª persona de singular).
most verbs fi -s drink – drinks
-s, -sh, -ch, -x fi -es
eat – eats
play – plays
kiss – kisses
finish – finishes
teach – teaches
mix – mixes
-o fi -es
consonant + y
go – goes
fly – flies
fi
-ies
try – tries
do – does
• Usamos el present simple para hablar de hábitos y rutinas que suceden continua o regularmente. I work for a food company. I play volleyball for the company team every Sunday morning. • También usamos el present simple para hechos que son siempre ciertos (“verdades universales”). Oil floats on water. The Sun rises in the east. • Expresiones de tiempo con el present simple : introducidas por preposiciones (on Sunday, at 3 o’clock, in the morning) , adverbios de frecuencia (always, usually, often, sometimes, hardly ever, never…) y otras expresiones de frecuencia (every day, twice a month, three times a year). I go to the pub with my friends once a week . We usually meet on Saturdays at about 9:00 , and I’m never late. Raymond and Lily meet every weekend , on Sunday afternoon . They hardly ever park their car in the street in the evenings .
Water boils at 100º. The water is boiling now. Put the spaghetti in.
Recuerda: coloca los adverbios de frecuencia delante del verbo principal, pero detrás del verbo to be . B
Present continuous
I / you / we / they He / she / it
AFFIRMATIVE
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
SHORT ANSWERS
I’m having some coffee.
I’m not feeling well.
Are you going home?
Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
We’re doing homework.
You aren’t listening.
Why am I feeling so tired?
She’s listening to music.
He isn’t talking.
Is she waiting?
Yes, she is. / No, she isn’t.
• Recuerda las reglas ortográficas de -ing según la terminación del infinitivo. la mayoría de verbos
+ -ing
work – working do – doing
cry – crying
consonante + -e
pierden la -e + -ing
come – coming
write – writing
una vocal acentuada + una consonante
doblan la consonante + -ing
get – getting
prefer – preferring
-ie
-ie cambia a -y + -ing
lie – lying
die – dying
• Con el present continuous hablamos de algo que está sucediendo en el momento de hablar (o en los días en torno al momento de hablar) o de algo que se considera temporal, no habitual: It’s raining now. He’s working very hard these days. He’s living in Cambridge this year. • Expresiones de tiempo con el present continuous : (right) now, at the moment, these days, at the present time. What are you doing at the moment ? – Right now I’m watching a series on TV. These days there are good shows on. • El present continuous no se suele utilizar con verbos sobre preferencias y sentimientos (like love hate want prefer) , pensamiento (know understand believe remember forget think [= have an opinion] ), sentidos (see hear) y otros (need) . Where doesTammy live? – I don’t know and Bill doesn’t remember the address. Leslie loves fish. Can you cook it for her? – I’m sorry, I don’t see any fish in the fridge. 46
Exercises 1
Asocia preguntas y respuestas.
a I love it here. b We have a special meal in our parents’ house. c Not really. The hotel isn’t very nice and it
1 What does your family usually do at Christmas? 2 What are you doing right now? 3 Are you a sporty person?
rains every day.
4 Are you having a good time?
d It freezes at 0 ºC. e Yes, I do exercise three or four times a week. f I’m cooking lunch for my daughter. g Yes, it’s very cold there. h I work in a restaurant. I’m a chef.
5 What do you do? 6 What do you think of New York? 7 Does it snow a lot in the Arctic? 8 What temperature does water freeze at? 2
Completa las preguntas con los verbos del recuadro en el present simple o el present continuous. eat
prefer
work
look for
like
do
‘Where (1) _________ you _________ at the moment?’ ‘In a restaurant on High Street, but only for the summer.’ ‘(2) _________ you _________ the job?’ ‘Yes, the hours are long but the money’s not bad.’ ‘(3) _________ you _________ at the restaurant?’ ‘Yes, the food’s great and it’s free for the staff!’ ‘What (4) _________ Kate _________ right now?’ ‘Well, it’s her boyfriend’s birthday tomorrow...’ ‘(5) _________ she _________ a present?’ ‘That’s right.’ ‘(6) _________ he _________ reading or watching DVD’s?’ ‘He loves reading. A book is a good idea.’ 3
Algunos verbos de estas frases están en una forma incorrecta. Corrige la parte subrayada cuando sea necesario. Example: Jim usually gets up at 8 o’clock. What do you do at the moment?
OK are you doing
1 Look at that boy. He runs very fast.
……………………………......…
2 Sue is never eating meat. She’s a vegetarian.
……………………………......…
3 Paul sometimes goes to the pub after work.
……………………………......…
4 What are you usually doing on Friday evenings?
……………………………......…
5 We can go out. It doesn’t rain now.
……………………………......…
6 I’ve got enough money at the moment. I’m not needing any more. ……………………………......…
4
7 Harry says he prefers apples to pears.
…………………………….........
8 The English team doesn’t play very well these days.
…………………………….........
Completa con los verbos en el presente simple o el presente continuous . Hi everybody, I (1) ____ (sit) here at a café on the Ramblas in Barcelona. The sun (2) ____ (shine) and it’s quite warm. It’s Monday today and museums here (3) ____ (not open) on Mondays. Joe (4) ____ (want) to visit the cathedral. He (5) ____ (shop) for some shoes at the moment. He (6) ____ (need) them because his feet are sore. We (7) ____ (walk) everywhere here. This is a beautiful city. We (8) ____ (not want) to go home! How is the weather there? (9) ____ it ____ (rain)? Reply
Exit
I (10) ________ (feel) really bored at the moment! My flatmates aren’t here – Joel (11) ________ (play) tennis and Tammy (12) ________ (work) late. Fridays are her busy day – she (13) ________ (never get) home before 10. I (14) ________ (not want) to watch TV – there’s nothing good on. I can hear a lot of people in the street – they (15________ (have) a great time! I (16) ________ (hate) going out alone. I (17) ________ (wait) for a call from Fran but she (18) ________ (usually stay) at home on Fridays. Please write me a message! Like · Share 47
Past simple A
Past time clauses
How long? and For
Past simple Did you enjoy the party?
• Usamos el past simple para hablar de acciones y acontecimientos pasados acabados.
No, I didn’t. The police arrested me and took me to the zoo!
• Los verbos regulares forman el past simple añadiendo - ed al infinitivo. Los irregulares tienen formas diferentes. Sally arrived at the party late but she had a really good time. She met some interesting people and she danced a lot. She was really tired when she got home and fell asleep on the sofa. She woke up at 5 in the morning and went to bed.
TERMINACIÓN DEL VERBO
CAMBIOS ORTOGRÁFICOS
-e
+ -d
consonante + -y
+ -ied después de la consonante
copy – copied
vocal acentuada + consonante
consonante doble + -ed (*)
drop – dropped
arrive – arrived
live – lived apply – applied prefer – preferred
*Compara: open (sílaba final no acentuada) – opened
• Todos los verbos forman las preguntas y las frases negativas con did + infinitivo sin to .
Did she arrive early? – Yes, but she left early because she didn’t feel well. Did she have a good time? – No, she didn’t like the restaurant. • Recuerda que el past simple de to be is I / he / she / it + was; we / you / they + were . Con be no usamos did en preguntas o frases negativas.
Were you at John’s house last night? – No, I wasn’t , but my brothers were there. • A menudo usamos el past simple con expresiones de tiempo como yesterday, last, in, ago . I saw Tony in London last week . They got married in 2010 .
I visited Italy a long time ago .
• Cuando contamos una historia en el pasado, podemos usar las siguientes expresiones: one day, then, next, later, finally, in the end; that evening, the next morning, three days later .
One day , Sally decided to walk to work, but she didn’t know the city and got lost. In the end , she got a bus. That evening she took a taxi home. The next morning , her feet were very sore! B
Past time clauses with when, after, before • Usamos when , after y before en el pasado para indicar cuándo sucedió algo en relación a otras acciones o acontecimientos.
The children became excited when they got on the plane. C
I felt sad after I saw the film Melancholia.
Melanie bought a guidebook before she went to Barcelona.
Time periods: How long…? and For + hours, minutes, days, weeks, months, years, etc • How long…? : preguntas sobre duración. • For + períodos de tiempo: indica la duración de una acción.
How long did they stay in Bali? – They stayed there for three weeks .
48
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con el past simple de los verbos del recuadro. start
find
not want
meet
leave
have
study
get
pass
buy
not go
fall
Rick (1) ______ his driving test when he was seventeen and he (2) ______ home when he was eighteen, but he (3) ______ to university. His sister Marie (4) ______ Marine Biology at university and she (5) ______ a job in Hawaii when she finished her degree. Marie (6) ______ Jake on the aeroplane, and they (7) ______ in love after they got to Hawaii. Marie (8) ______ to leave Hawaii, so Jake (9) ______ a small flat there. He and Marie (10) ______ married three years ago. Last year they (11) ______ their first child and Jake (12) ______ his own business. 2
Escribe preguntas y respuestas utilizando expresiones con last … , in … , … ago, for … . Example:
Sue / live in London / 2002 – 2004 How long did Sue live in London? - She lived there for two years. Paul / move to Manchester / last year When did Paul move to Manchester? – He moved there last year.
1 Kate and Alan / work together / 2001 - 2004 ………………………………………………………………… 2 They / get married / 2005 ……………………………………………………………………………………..… 3 Alan / work in France / 10 March - 10 June ………………………………...………………………………… 4 They / go to Venice / month ………………………………………………………….………………………… 5 They / have a baby / two years …………………………………………………………………………...…… 3
Observa la línea temporal y corrige las frases sobre Julie utilizando when, after o before . 2002: went to university / studied Economics / started playing hockey
1985: born
1990: started school
Example:
2005: left university
2006: took a trip round the world / met Paul
2008: got a job with a safari company
2007: moved to South Africa
2012: became a professional photographer
2011: went back to England / bought a house
Julie met Paul when she was at university. Julie didn’t meet Paul when she was at university. She met him after she left university.
1 Julie started school when she was four years old. ………………………………………………………… 2 She played hockey before she went to university. ………………………………………………………… 3 She took a trip round the world after she moved to South Africa. ……………………………………… 4 She bought a house before she went back to England. ………………………………………………… 5 She became a professional photographer when she was in South Africa. …………………………… 4
Escribe frases con los elementos de los recuadros. Sarah started After I left Phil got The first time I fell Before I went When I lived Example:
a job after he with my parents I to England I school when she in love I school I
went into the army. finished university. was 4. was 14. didn’t go out every night. didn’t speak any English.
Phil got a job after he finished university.
1 ……………………………………………………………
4 ……….…………………....……………………
2 ……………………………………………………………
5 ………...………………....………………………
3 …………………………………………………………… 49
Permission: can can’t may may not Advice: should shouldn’t A
can
can’t
may
may not May I go outside? No, you can’t .
• Podemos usar can y may para expresar permiso. May es más formal que can . You can use a dictionary but you can’t talk in the exam.
Can I borrow a pencil, please? Excuse me sir, may I leave the room, please? - Yes, you may .
(más formal) / Yes,
you can . (más informal)
- No, you may not . / No, you can’t . • Recuerda que también usamos can para expresar habilidad y posibilidad. Joanna can speak four languages fluently. Frank can’t come to school today because he’s ill. B
should
shouldn’t
You should drink plenty of milk. You shouldn’t go to bed late.
• Usamos should and shouldn’t para dar y pedir consejo. What should I do to learn English quickly? –- You should practise a lot, you should write new words in a notebook and you shouldn’t be shy. C
Modal verbs • Can, may y should son modal verbs . Los modal verbs : - tienen la misma forma para todas las personas. - van seguidos del infinitivo sin to . - forman las preguntas colocando el verbo modal antes del sujeto. - forman frases negativas colocando not después del verbo modal.
AFFIRMATIVE Can
Liz can go home early today.
(permiso)
You can only smoke outside.
NEGATIVE
QUESTIONS
You cannot speak on the phone in the cinema.
Can Tina bring a French friend to class?
We can’t speak Spanish in the English class.
Can the students work in pairs?
May (permiso [formal])
You may use your mobile phones now.
Students may not use their books during the exam.
May I come in?
Should
You should revise every day.
(consejo)
Greg should pay more attention in class.
You should not worry about making mistakes.
Should I listen to English radio?
Jackie shouldn’t be so shy.
Should the baby go to sleep?
• Cannot y should not tienen formas negativas contraídas. No hay contracción para may not. • La forma negativa no contraída de can se escribe como una sola palabra: cannot (NO You can not talk in the exam ).
50
Exercises Escribe las preguntas que hacen los personajes. Usa can o may.
1
Can I borrow your dictionary, please?
1
.............................................. ..........................................…
borrow
3
.............................................. ..........................................…
..........................................…
4
..............................................
take
5
..........................................…
.............................................. ..........................................…
bring
touch
Escribe lo que se puede y no se puede hacer según la situación. Usa can / may o cannot / may not y las expresiones del recuadro. take photos pay cash wear shorts Example:
2 In this shop 3 In a museum 4 From a friend 5 In class
borrow 20 wear jeans
borrow 100
In a museum
1 At school
3
..............................................
turn on
use 2
2
drink water
use a flash
touch the paintings
look at the paintings
drink beer
pay with a credit card
: You may take photos but you cannot / may not use flash.
: …………………………………………………………………..…………………………… : ……………………………………………………………………………………… : ……………….....……………………………………………………………. : ……………………………….…………………………………………………… : ……………………………………………………………………………………………
Escribe consejos para un estudiante de inglés. Completa las frases con You should o You shouldn’t y escríbelas en la columna correspondiente. have a vocabulary notebook try to learn five new words every day try to speak too fast buy a good bilingual dictionary try to make English-speaking friends worry about making mistakes worry if you don’t understand native speakers forget to do your homework
4
You should have a vocabulary notebook.
You shouldn’t worry about making mistakes.
1 ……..………………………………….……. 2 ...……………………………………….…… 3 ...……………………………………….……
4 ....…………….………………………………….......... 5 ....…………….………………………………….......... 6 ....…………….…………………………………..........
Ordena las preguntas y escribe respuestas adecuadas. Example: I want to take pictures for my family album. expensive / I / buy / camera / an / should? Should I buy an expensive camera? – No, you shouldn’t. 1 My sister loves art. should / the / Prado Museum / visit / she ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 2 My parents don’t like hot food. go / an / they / Indian / should / to / restaurant ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 3 Keith isn’t good at learning languages. try / Chinese / to / should / learn / he ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 4 Paula and Ken are afraid of flying. they / Vietnam / honeymoon / should / for / go / their / to ? …………………………………………………………………………………………………………… 5 Pete loves good food and drinking cider. holiday / Asturias / visit / he / during / Spain / should / his / in ? ……………………………………………………………………………………………………………
51
Obligation: must A
have to
Necessity: need to
must
Must I jump?
• Usamos must para expresar obligación. I have a high temperature and I’m feeling sick. –You must go to the doctor right now.
Must they leave now? –Yes, they must . • Must es un verbo modal, como can, may y should : - tiene la misma forma para todas las personas.
Yes, son, you must.
- va seguido del infinitivo sin to . - en preguntas, se coloca delante del sujeto. B
have to • También podemos usar have to cuando queremos expresar obligación. Do I have to take this medicine? It’s disgusting! –Yes, you do. You have to take it three times a day. Sandra has to get up at 7:00 a.m. every day. • Para hacer preguntas con have to usamos do / does . Does George have to stay in bed? –Yes, he does. Do we have to eat healthy food? –Yes, you do. • En frases afirmativas y en preguntas podemos usar have to o must , pero en preguntas no se suele usar Must I...? Con I , solemos utilizar Do I have to...?
Do I have to come home early tonight? It’s John’s birthday party. Excuse me, I have to leave the table. Luke needs to go to the bathroom.
C
need to • Usamos need to cuando hablamos de una acción que es necesaria. My car is giving me problems again. I need to take it to the mechanic. My daughter is very tired. She really needs to sleep . • Fíjate que usamos do / does cuando hacemos preguntas con need to. Does the baby need to eat? She looks hungry. Do you need to use the phone? • Have to y need to pueden usarse en muchos casos para expresar la misma idea. I’ve got terrible toothache. I need to / have to go to the dentist.
AFFIRMATIVE
QUESTIONS
Must (obligación)
You’ve got a broken leg. You must go to hospital. John must go to bed early tonight. He’s got an exam tomorrow.
Must we stay at home this evening? There’s a good concert at the Odeon. Must Haley leave now? She’s having a really good time.
Have to (obligación)
Taylor has to wear glasses when she drives. I have to work on Saturdays.
Do you have to travel a lot in your job? Does Joey have to take his passport when he goes to France?
Need to (necesidad)
I’m feeling really unfit these days. I need to do more exercise. Kate needs to study if she wants to pass her exams
Do we need to go to the supermarket today? Does Liz need to buy a new dress for the wedding?
*Mustn’t / must not expresan prohibición. Don’t have to / doesn’t have to y don’t need to / doesn’t need to expresan falta de obligación (unit 11).
52
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con la forma adecuada de must o have to y uno de los verbos del recuadro. Utiliza tanto must como have to en las frases donde ambos sean posibles.
1 Their latest album is fantastic. You ………………………. it. 2 ‘Paul’s in hospital.’ – ‘I hate hospitals. ………………………. and see him?’ 3 Will’s got problems at school. We ………………………. his tutor. 4 Jill ………………. this article. It can give her interesting ideas for her presentation. 5 The Arctic Monkeys are playing here next month. We ………………. some tickets! 6 The children are going to France next week. ………………………. their passports? 2
take go listen to read talk to get
Relaciona las expresiones del recuadro con las situaciones y escribe frases con have to . get a new one
wash it change your glasses make dinner for the children buy her a present help her with her revision go to the dentist
Example: Sorry we can’t go out tonight. We have to make dinner for the children. 1 Katie’s got an exam tomorrow. .............................................................................................................. 2 Bill’s got terrible toothache. ................................................................................................................... 3 It’s Jen’s birthday today. ......................................................................................................................... 4 I lost my passport last week. .................................................................................................................. 5 Their car is really dirty. ........................................................................................................................... 6 You can’t see anything. .......................................................................................................................... 3
Escribe preguntas usando have to o need to con I o we y combinando los verbos y complementos de los recuadros. fasten
pay
take
speak
take off
take work
a fine antibiotics English in class my passport our seatbelts our shoes this afternoon
Example: Do we have to / Do we need to take off our shoes?
1 ….............................................................................. 2 ….............................................................................. 3 …............................................................................... 4
4 …..................................................................... 5 …..................................................................... 6 ….....................................................................
Magda quiere reunirse con sus amigos, pero están ocupados. Escribe lo que tienen que hacer usando must, have to o need to y los verbos del recuadro. 1
2
buy
3
make
(Jane)
4
5
(Colin) 5
(Ethan and Joe)
(Ellie)
6
(Gwen)
(Jess and Matt)
(Andrew)
7
(Janine)
fix
help
study
choose pay
take
Example: Jane needs to buy some shoes. 1 Ethan ...................................................... 2 Ellie …..…................................................ 3 Andrew ................................................... 4 Colin ....................................................... 5 Gwen ……......……………..……………… 6 Jess and Matt ………...….……………… 7 Janine ……………………………….....….
Cada una de estas frases tiene un error. Subráyalo y corrige. Example: You must to stay in bed when you have a temperature. must stay
1 Do they must take off their shoes before they come in? 2 Jane lives outside the city so she have take a train daily. 3 Have you to carry your ID card always? 4 I can’t come out – I need finish my homework. 5 We don’t have any tickets – need we get to the cinema early?
53
Questions A
Time expressions
Questions • Recuerda cómo se forman las preguntas y las respuestas cortas: QUESTION WORD
AUXILIARY VERB
SUBJECT
MAIN VERB
SHORT ANSWER
------
Is
there
------
a pool in your town?
Yes, there is. / No, there isn’t.
------
Are
you
watching
TV at the moment?
Yes, I am. / No, I’m not.
Where
was
your son
------
last night?
In the pub.
------
Do
your friends
like
eating Indian food?
Yes, they do. / No, they don’t.
What
does
the price
include?
Where
does
your teacher
come
from?
Australia.
------
Did
your boss
enjoy
her holiday?
Yes, she did. / No, she didn’t.
How much
are
we
going to spend
on souvenirs?
About £25.
Has
------
Does
the hotel
got have
Breakfast and dinner.
a bar?
Yes, it has. / No, it hasn’t. Yes, it does. / No, it doesn’t.
When
did
you
arrive?
------
An hour ago.
------
May / Can
we
take
photos here?
Yes, you may / can. No, you may not / can’t.
Why
should
people
learn
a foreign language?
Because it’s really useful when they travel.
------
Do
we
have to
wash our hands?
Yes, we do. / No, we don’t.
------
Must
all customers
pay
a deposit?
Yes, they must. No, they don’t have to.*
*Falta de obligación: véase Unit 11
• Be como verbo principal no necesita auxiliar: Is he a doctor? – No, he isn’t. • Have got solo se utiliza en presente, y solamente con el significado de posesión. • No se suelen usar preposiciones delante de una partícula interrogativa; se colocan al final de la pregunta. • Las respuestas cortas se utilizan para no repetir palabras de las preguntas. - Yes / No questions: pronombre + auxiliar: Are you staying at the Royal? –Yes, we are staying at the Royal. > Yes, we are staying there. > Yes, we are. • La respuesta solamente con Yes o No es menos enfática. - Wh- questions: podemos dar solo la información necesaria: Where was your son last night? – In the pub. B
Time expressions • Observa las expresiones de tiempo que se suelen usar con los diferentes tiempos:
TENSE
TIME EXPRESSIONS
Present simple
Always > usually > often > sometimes> hardly ever> never* every day / month / year on + días de la semana / fechas in + estación / mes once a / twice a year / week etc. in the morning (s ) / afternoon (s ) / evening (s )
Present continuous
now, at the moment, right now, these days, at the present time
Past simple
yesterday last week / month / year etc. three days ago in + mes / año one day, then, next, in the end, that evening etc.
Present perfect
ever, never for five months, since January already, yet this week, today, in the last two weeks, over the years etc.
Future: be going to / Present continuous
tonight, this evening, tomorrow morning, on Monday, next Monday / weekend, after the lesson, one day
*Recuerda que los adverbios de frecuencia se colocan delante del verbo principal pero detrás de to be
54
Exercises 1
Subraya las formas correctas en las preguntas. Anne: What (1) do you do / are you doing on your laptop now? Joe: I’m checking how to get to the Killers concert. (2) Have you ever seen / Did you ever seen them? Anne: No, I haven’t. Joe: (3) You want / Do you want to come? Anne: (4) Have you got / Do you have got tickets? Joe: Yes, I got them this morning. Anne: What time (5) does it starts? / does it start ? Joe: At nine. Anne: Great. (6) Can Tina come / Can come Tina too? Joe: I’ve only got two tickets. Anne: OK, don’t worry. (7) Do we need to / Need we be there early? Joe: No, I think 8.30 is fine. What time (8) do / does you have to be home? Anne: I can’t stay out after midnight. (9) Should we / Do we should eat something before the concert? Joe: Yes, we should. (10) Are you going to / Do you go to be at band practice tomorrow? Anne: Yes. We can decide where to meet tomorrow. Joe: Fine. Bye!
2
Phil y Daphne están en una agencia de viajes. Escribe las preguntas que hacen. Examples: Yes, you have to get a visa. Must we get a visa? You can get to the airport by car or by bus. (How?) How can we get to the airport?
1 The flight leaves at midday. (When?)..................................................................................................... 2 Yes, you have to be at the airport two hours before departure. .......................................................... 3 The airport bus costs 5 pounds. (How much?)...................................................................................... 4 Your hotel is on Clare Street, in Soho. (Where?) .................................................................................. 5 It opened last year. (When?) ................................................................................................................... 6 Yes, they serve breakfast......................................................................................................................... 7 No, you can’t smoke in the hotel. .......................................................................................................... 8 You should visit the British Museum and the National Gallery. (What?) ........................................... 3
Escribe las preguntas que un amigo de Phil y Daphne les hace sobre su viaje. Usa el pasado. Example: How / your trip? – It was great!
How was your trip?
1 The hotel / OK? – Yes, it was fine, though it was a bit expensive. . ...................................................... 2 How / get around the city? – We walked a lot and we took the underground. ................................... 3 English people / friendly? – Yes, they were really nice. . ....................................................................... 4 Where / have / your meals? – Well, we had a breakfast in the hotel, and we usually had lunch in a pub. .............................................................................................................................................................. 5 What / Londoners / do / in the evening? – They don’t go out much. Most of the people in the centre are foreigners! ................................................................................................................................ 6 How much / the British Museum / cost? – Nothing! It was free! ......................................................... 7 When / get back? – Last night. ................................................................................................................ 8 Buy me / a present? – Sorry, we didn’t! ................................................................................................. 4
Escribe frases con la información de la tabla. VISIT FAMILY Phil
3 / year
Daphne
every week
Brad and Linda
4 / year
Example: Phil / 3 / year
TRAVEL BY PLANE 4 / year
GO ABROAD 5 / year
HAVE A HOLIDAY April 2011
1 / year hardly ever
next month
PLAY TENNIS 1 / month every day
2 / year
evening
Phil visits his family three times a year.
1 Phil / 1 / month ........................................................ 5 Daphne / every day ......................................... 2 Brad and Linda / have a holiday / travel by plane 6 Phil / 5 / year .................................................... ..................................................................................... 7 Brad and Linda / go abroad ............................ 3 Daphne / 1 / year ..................................................... .............................................................................. 4 Brad and Linda / play tennis .................................. 8 Phil / have a holiday ........................................ 55
What (a)…! How…! A
Use and omission of the definite article
What (a)…! How…! • Usamos el past simple para hablar de acciones y acontecimientos pasados acabados. What an incredible hat! Yes, it’s the latest fashion from Paris
• Usamos What a / an…! y How…! para expresar admiración y hacer exclamaciones.
What a beautiful coat! Where did you get it? Look! My new dress is ruined. Somebody spilled coffee on it! How terrible! • Usamos What a / an…! con nombres en singular. El nombre puede ir con un adjetivo.
What a party! It was incredible! What an amazing shop! • Ten en cuenta que con nombres en plural se omite el artículo a/an .
What lovely shoes! Are they new? What friendly people! Do you know them well? • Usamos How…! con adjetivos. Jenny invited me to her wedding. - How nice! Oscar and I are going to Bali in the summer. - How wonderful!
It’s minus 20ºC in Moscow.
B
How cold! I suppose Russians are strong people to live in that weather.
Use and omission of the definite article • Usamos el artículo definido the cuando… - hablamos de alguien o algo anteriormente mencionado. Sheila bought a top and a skirt yesterday. The top is pink and the skirt is purple. - está claro a quién o qué nos referimos por el contexto o la situación. I don’t like the salespeople in the new shop on West Street. I watched the film you liked but I didn’t enjoy it. • El artículo definido NO se utiliza con nombres contables en plural y con incontables cuando nos referimos a algo en general. I think fashion is really exciting, but good shoes are very expensive.
People say Russians are rude and Germans are cold, but that’s just a cliché – the Russian people who live next door are very polite, and the German students I’ve met this year are really friendly.
56
Exercises 1
Completa las conversaciones con palabras y expresiones del recuadro. beautiful
a pity
exciting
an awful job
great news
A: I was really nervous about my driving test, but I’ve passed!
B: What (1) ___________!
A: Sorry, but I can’t come to your party next weekend. I have to work.
B: What (2) ___________!
A: Look at my new dress! I’m going to wear it for Joanne’s wedding.
B: How (3) ___________!
A: John has invited me to go on an expedition to the Amazon with him. B: How (4) ___________! A: Sue says she works seven days a week, 10 hours a day. 2
B: What (5) ___________!
Escribe lo que dicen los personajes utilizando How…! o What (a / an)!
2
1
terrible!!
amazing!
3
4
disgusting
5
wonderful
6
fantastic
7
beautiful
incredible
Example: What a terrible smell! / How terrible!
1 .............................................................................................................................................................. ! 2 .............................................................................................................................................................. ! 3 .............................................................................................................................................................. ! 4
..............................................................................................................................................................!
5 .............................................................................................................................................................. ! 6 .............................................................................................................................................................. ! 3
Elige la alternativa correcta en las siguientes frases. 1 Harry hates exams / the exams , but Science exams / the Science exams that he had yesterday were not too difficult. 2 My sister likes bright clothes / the bright clothes . She thinks dark clothes / the dark clothes are boring. 3 This is a good cinema. Seats / The seats are very comfortable and the tickets/ tickets are cheap. 4 My favourite sport is tennis / the tennis . Tennis club / The tennis club at my sports centre is fantastic. 5 It’s hard for young people / the young people to find work nowadays. 6 I went swimming yesterday. Water / The water was freezing. 7 John always wears sunglasses / the sunglasses because he has a problem with his eyes. 8 I never go to Luigi’s Pizzas. Food / The food is expensive and waiters / the waiters are really rude.
4
Completa el texto con el artículo definido the donde sea necesario. Donde no lo sea, escribe Ø. On the first day of the summer sales, Madeleine took a bus into (1) ______ city centre. It was a nice day and there were (2) ______ people everywhere in the streets. In the park, (3) ______ children played happily and (4) ______ dogs ran around madly. When she got to the centre, (5) ______ shops were full. Madeleine decided to have a coffee before she started shopping. She ordered a cappuccino. (6) ______ coffee was delicious and (7) ______ waitress was very friendly. When she finished, Madeleine left (8) ______ café and went into her favourite shop. She saw a beautiful pair of shoes and a lovely dress. (9) ______ shoes were expensive but (10) ______ dress was perfect and Madeleine bought it. What a lovely morning!
57
Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms (not) as … as / less … than too … / (not) … enough A
Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms • Usamos la forma comparativa del adjetivo para comparar una cosa, persona o acción con otra. My new flat is quieter than my old one and my new neighbour is more helpful than the one in my old flat. • La forma superlativa se utiliza para calificar algo o a alguien que muestra una cualidad en su mayor grado dentro de un grupo de tres o más personas, cosas o acciones. I always go to Smartsave. It ’s the cheapest supermarket in the area. Larry is the most honest person I know, but he’s the worst player in the team. • Fíjate cómo se forma el comparativo y el superlativo de los adjetivos.
COMPARATIVE
SUPERLATIVE
Adjetivos de 1 sílaba
cheap thin* nice**
cheaper thinner nicer
the cheapest the thinnest the nicest
Adjetivos de 2 sílabas (acabados en –y )
easy heavy
easier heavier
the easiest the heaviest
• Adjetivos de 2 sílabas (no acabados en –y ) • Adjetivos de 3 o más sílabas
boring careful beautiful interesting
more boring more careful more beautiful more interesting
the most boring the most careful the most beautiful the most interesting
good bad far
better worse farther / further
the best the worst the farthest / furthest
Adjetivos irregulares
*Los
adjetivos de 1 sílaba acabados en una vocal y una consonante doblan la consonante: hot > hotter > the hottest **Los adjetivos acabados en consonante + – e añaden – r o – st : nice > nicer > the nicest
• Usamos than después de un adjetivo comparativo: Reading is cheaper than going to the cinema, but this film is more interesting than my book. • Usamos the antes de los adjetivos superlativos: That’s the nicest dress in the shop, and the most expensive one, too. B
(not) as … as / less … than • Usamos as … as para decir que dos personas o cosas tienen la misma cualidad. Se utiliza not as … as para expresar que dos personas o cosas tienen una cualidad en un grado diferente. Veronica is as tall as Harry, and she’s as intelligent as him. My new flat is n’t as nice as my old one. • less + adjective + than también se utiliza para destacar una diferencia entre dos personas o cosas, aunque es más común usar not as + adjective + as . Ollie is less experienced than Joe. (= Ollie is not as experienced as Joe.) Peter’s job is less interesting than Harry’s. (= Peter’s job is not as interesting as Harry’s.)
C
too … / (not) … enough • Usamos too + adjective para decir que una cualidad es excesiva, que es más de lo que queremos o necesitamos. They can’t eat this food. It’s too spicy . (It’s very hot, it has a lot of spice in it.) I can’t hear you. The music is too loud . (It’s very noisy, the volume of the music is very high.) • adjective + enough se utiliza para decir que algo es suficiente. Are those shoes big enough ? I’m warm enough so I don´t need a coat. • not + adjective + enough indica que algo no es suficiente. I can’t lift this suitcase. I’m not strong enough . Joe can’t run the marathon. He is n’t fit enough .
58
Exercises 1
Compara las personas y o bjetos de las ilustraciones, usando la forma comparativa + than . A leather jacket $200 / A cardigan $50 (expensive). Example: A leather jacket is more expensive than a cardigan
1 George
+
+
–
/ Jo
(friendly)..................................................................................................................
2 Mercedes £24,000 / Ford £18,000 (cheap)............................................................................................... 3 Our French teacher –
4 Karen 5 Will
–
/ Monica
/ Jean
+
+
+
+
+ +
/ Our English teacher
–
(patient) ................................................................
(good) ...............................................................................................................
(sociable) ...................................................................................................................
6 London-Liverpool 211 miles / London-Edinburgh 386 miles (far) ....................................................... +
7 Nathalie 8 Mike 2
+
+
+
/ Naomi
/ Ron
–
–
(polite) ...........................................................................................................
(fit) ............................................................................................................................
Utiliza las palabras de los recuadros para escribir frases con el superlative .
Jill Madrid Antarctica U2 The Statue of Liberty The Caribbean Mont Blanc Rio de Janeiro Shakespeare famous dangerous friendly cold good big successful high deep sea rock band city girl continent city writer mountain monument Brazil the class
the world Europe New York Spain the English language Ireland the world
Example: Jill is the friendliest girl in the class.
3
1 ..........................................................................
5 ..........................................................................
2 ..........................................................................
6 ..........................................................................
3 ...........................................................................
7 ..........................................................................
4 ...........................................................................
8 ..........................................................................
Escribe las frases con (not) as … as / less … than manteniendo el mismo significado. Example: I am taller than my brother. My brother is not as tall as me / My brother is less tall than me
1 Edinburgh is cold but Aberdeen is colder. Edinburgh ……....……………………………………..…...... 2 Andrew is the most talented person in his family. Andrew’s brother …....………………….………… 3 A Ferrari and a Porsche are equally fast. A Porsche ……............……………………………..…………. 4 Russian is more difficult than French. French ……….........…………………………………………..…… 5 Chinese products are spicier than German products. German products.………………………..….… 6 Jim is 1m 75cms tall. His girlfriend is also 1m 75 cm tall. Jim ………….....……………………..…..… 4
Escribe dos frases para cada ilustración con los adjetivos de la lista y too … / not … enough. cheap cold easy difficult short expensive tall hot long
1
2
3
4
5
Example: The player is too short. He is not tall enough.
2 The coffee.............................................................................................................................................. . 3 The exam .............................................................................................................................................. . 4 His hair ................................................................................................................................................. . 5 The bag ................................................................................................................................................ . 59
Be going to + infinitive A
Present continuous
Be going to + infinitive
Verb patterns She’ s going to study fashion at college next year.
• Usamos be going to + infinitivo para hablar de planes futuros, intenciones y decisiones tomadas antes del momento de hablar. Frank is worried about his weight. He ’s going to do more exercise.
Are they going to buy a new car next year? I’ m not going to eat tonight. I’m not hungry.
• Recuerda las formas de be going to .
AFFIRMATIVE AND NEGATIVE
B
I
am / am not (I’m not)
He / She / It
is / is not (isn’t)
We / You /They
are / are not (aren’t)
going to watch TV.
QUESTIONS Am
I
Is
he / she / it
Are
you / we / they
going to watch TV .
Present continuous for future arrangements • Usamos el present continuous para hablar de actividades futuras ya programadas, por ejemplo, las actividades incluidas en una agenda de trabajo. (Forma del present continuous: Unit 1). Jane ’s having a party next Saturday.
What are you doing tomorrow afternoon?
• Hay una ligera diferencia de significado entre el present continuous y be going to para futuro: preferimos present continuous cuando mencionamos el momento futuro concreto en que vamos a hacer algo, mientras que con be going to expresamos una intención, sin necesidad de concretar cuándo realizarla. My brother Paul is coming next Saturday. I ’m meeting him at the station. I ’m going to invite Susan to my birthday party. • Nos referimos a planes de futuro con present continuous con expresiones como: tonight, tomorrow afternoon, next week / weekend …, tomorrow morning, on Monday, after the lesson. I’m seeing Marta tonight. Do you want to come? • Recuerda que el present continuous también se usa para hablar de algo que está sucediendo en el momento de hablar o en los días en torno al momento de hablar, o de algo que se considera temporal, no habitual (Unit 1). C
Verb patterns Verbos más comunes seguidos de infinitivo + to
Verbos más comunes seguidos de infinitivo + ing
Verbos más comunes seguidos de infinitivo + to o -ing sin casi variación de significado
want, would like, hope, need, plan, promise, expect, offer, refuse, decide, learn, forget, try
• stop, finish, carry on, give up
• start, begin, continue
• love*, like*, hate*, prefer* enjoy, mind
• love*, like*, hate*, prefer*
* Los verbos que expresan agrado y desagrado suelen ir seguidos de - ing , aunque algunos (love, like, hate, prefer) también pueden ir con infinitivo + to .
I want to improve my English this year. Ken offered to help me. Kenny really enjoys riding horses. He doesn’t mind going out in the rain or snow. I love eating in Italian restaurants. OR I love to eat in Italian restaurants. She went home when it started to snow . OR She went home when it started snowing .
60
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con be going to en afirmativa o negativa y uno de los verbos del recuadro. make
wash
buy
watch
invite
not eat
1 There’s an important game on TV tonight. ____________ you _____________ it? 2 It’s Jill’s birthday tomorrow. We ____________ her a present and Lily ____________ a birthday cak e. 3 I don’t like Kevin. _____________ him to the party. 4 Your car ’s really dirty. When ______you _______ it? 5 The food was terrible. We ______________ in that restaurant again. 2
Lee la agenda de Jenny y corrige las frases. Example:
Jenny’s meeting Ken on Thursday. She isn’t meeting Ken on Thursday. She’s meeting him on Friday.
1 Jenny’s playing tennis before work on Monday. ............................................................ 2 She’s having dinner with the girls on Wednesday evening. ........................................ ........................................................................... 3 She’s going to the gym on Tuesday morning. ............................................................................
M ond a y P M: P l a y t enni s af te r w o
r k
: Thursda y AM Dentist
T uesd a y P M: D in ner w it h t he gi rl s
Frida y PM: Meet Ken
W ed nesd a y AM : G o t o t he g y m
: Saturda y AM M y part y!
4 She’s seeing the dentist on Friday. ................. ............................................................................ 5 She’s having a party on Thursday. .......................................................................................................... 3
Completa los diálogos con la forma correcta (be going to o present continuous ) de los verbos entre paréntesis.
1 John: _______________ at university next year, Clare? (study) Clare: Yes, I am. I talked to my parents and they think it’s a good idea.
2 Pete: Is Jake coming to the party tonight? Paul: No, he isn’t. He ______________ dinner with Lizzie. (have)
3 Olivia: Why _______ Frankie ______ tomorrow? (leave) Kath: He says he has to go back to work.
4 Marta: What time _______ your friends _______? (arrive) Laura: Around six. 4
Completa las frases con la forma correcta de los verbos del recuadro. answer speak
take check come back improve learn stay understand work write
1 I really want ______ my listening this year. I would like _____ more when I listen to British radio. 2 Zoe enjoys ______ English but she doesn’t like ______ , especially if they are formal letters. 3 Harry gave up ______ Chinese after he got a new job. 4 David failed the test because he forgot ______ his work. 5 Irene is working in Japan at the moment but she hopes ______ home next year. 6 Joe stopped ______ a camera on his trips when he got his new mobile phone. 7 His parents bought him an iPad after he promised _______ at university. 8 The police arrested the man because he refused ______ their questions. 9 John gets a good salary so he doesn’t mind ______ hard. 61
Present perfect simple with ever and never Present perfect simple vs past simple A
Present perfect simple with ever and never
Have you ever been on a cruise?
• Usamos el present perfect para hablar de experiencias en sentido general.
Have you been to China? (in your life) I’ve been to Vietnam and Thailand, but I haven’t been to China. (I still remember Vietnam and Thailand.)
No, I haven’t … and I don’t want to!
Has your sister seen the latest Angelina Jolie film? (at any time up to now) Yes, she has . She’s seen it twice. • Formamos el present perfect con have / has y el participio del verbo.
AFFIRMATIVE I / You / We / They
have (‘ve)
He / She / It
has (’s)
visited Paris.
NEGATIVE I / You / We / They
have not (haven’t)
He / She / It
has not (hasn’t)
visited Paris.
QUESTIONS Have
Yes,
I / you / we / they
visited Paris? Has
he / she / it
No, Yes, No,
have. I / you / we / they haven’t. he / she / it
has. hasn’t.
• La mayoría de verbos forman el participio añadiendo -ed . Los verbos irregulares tienen formas de participio diferentes. (Véase lista de participios irregulares en pág. 152 del Libro del Alumno 3.) Juliet has travelled to many places but she has never flown in a plane. • A menudo usamos los adverbios ever y never cuando usamos el present perfect simple para hablar de experiencias. Usamos ever en preguntas y never para hablar de lo que no hemos hecho. Observa que esos adverbios van delante del verbo principal.
Have you ever eaten snake? - No, I haven’t. I’ve eaten snails but I’ ve never eaten snake. Has Mike ever danced samba? - No, he hasn’t. He’s danced merengue but he ’s never danced samba. • Ten cuidado con been y gone .
Have you ever been to the United States? (experiencia: ahora no estás en EE.UU.) They’ve gone to work in the USA. (resultado presente: están allí ahora y no han regresado aún) B
Present perfect simple vs past simple • Usamos el present perfect simple para hablar de experiencias en general, pero usamos el past simple para preguntar y hablar sobre un momento concreto.
Has she ever been to Japan? - Yes, she has . When did she go ? - She went there last year . Joanne has lived in three different cities in Spain. She moved to Madrid last month .
62
Exercises 1
Relaciona los verbos y las expresiones y escribe frases sobre la vida de Bear Grylls con el present perfect simple . climb eat appear
go write live
have dinner sail
many books (3) in Japan ( 7) into space ( 7) on TV many times ( 3) Mount Everest (3) snake (3) with the Queen ( 7) round the world alone ( 7)
Example: He has climbed Mount Everest. He has never had dinner with the Queen.
1 ............................................................. 4 .............................................................. 2 ............................................................. 5 .............................................................. 3 ............................................................. 6 .............................................................. 2
Observa las ilustraciones y escribe preguntas con Have you ever…? y los verbos dados. 1
2
break
3
drive
eat
4
fly
5
go
go skiing
6
meet
7
play
8
ride
Example: Have you ever been to Paris?
1 ................................................................................... 5 ........................................................................... 2 ................................................................................... 6 ........................................................................... 3 ................................................................................... 7 ........................................................................... 4 ................................................................................... 8 ........................................................................... 3
Completa las frases con el past simple o el present perfect simple de los verbos entre paréntesis.
1 My girlfriend is a travel agent. She ________ (visit) many different countries. 2 Last year she ________ (go) to South Africa for the first time. 3 ________ you ever ________ (see) a film with Marlon Brando? 4 Yes, I ________ (watch) The Godfather four times when I was young. It’s fantastic! 5 My wife’s a really good tennis player but I ________ (never play.) I’m not very sporty. 6 We usually see Jim and his wife at the pub on Saturdays but last week they ________ (not come). 7 She’s a teacher now but she ________ (work) as an interpreter for many years. 8 He ________ (write) lots of books. Last year he ________ (win) an important prize. 4
Lee las siguientes entradas del diario de Pearl y responde las preguntas del entrevistador. En caso de respuesta positiva, añade la información adicional. June 21: Flew to Paris today. Had snails and a delicious steak in the Tour d’Argent. July 10: Went to the premiere of the latest James Bond film. Met Daniel Craig. He’s gorgeous! November 27: Disaster! I was skiing in Switzerland yesterday and fell and broke my arm! Oh no! December 12: My Rolls Royce has broken down so I can’t go shopping. I can’t walk and I never take public transport! I never have. I hate it! Example: Have you ever eaten paella? Yes, I have. I ate it last year in Valencia. Interviewer: Hello, Pearl. It’s lovely to talk to you. Pearl: Hello. Int: Now, Pearl, can you tell our readers… P: ................................................................. have you ever visited a foreign country? Int: And have you ever met a famous person? P: ................................................................. Int: Have you ever eaten a wonderful meal? P: ................................................................. Int: Have you ever had an accident? P: ................................................................. Int: One last question, Pearl. Have you ever travelled P: ................................................................. on public transport?
63
Present perfect simple con for, since, already, yet A
Present perfect simple con for y since
Thanks! I ’ve lived here since I was born!
Nice house! How long have you lived there?
• Usamos el present perfect simple con for o since para referirnos a la duración de una actividad o situación que comenzó en el pasado y continúa en el presente. Sally has been unemployed since last March . She has known Dave for two years . • Usamos since cuando indicamos el momento en el que comenzó la situación o actividad; since implica siempre «…hasta ahora». • Con for nos referimos al período de duración; cuando se utiliza con el present perfect, for implica también «…hasta ahora».
since Monday
=
for four days
since last week
=
for one week
=
for fifteen years
(now it’s 2013)
=
for seven months
(I had an accident in March and it’s November now)
since 1998 since my accident
(today is Friday)
Karen has lived in London since she got married . She has lived there for three months . • Usamos How long…? para preguntar por la duración de una situación o una actividad.
How long have Jake and Karen been married? —They’ve been married for three months / since last June. B
Present perfect simple con already y yet F I N I S H
Not yet !
I’ve already finished! What about you?
• Usamos el present perfect simple con already cuando algo ya ha sucedido (antes de ahora o antes de lo esperado). Already va delante de la forma de participio del verbo. Can I speak to Mr Harris, please? - Sorry, he ’s already left the office. Hurry up, the meeting has already started . Is John working on the report? - No, he ’s already finished it. • Usamos el present perfect simple con yet para preguntar si algo ya ha sucedido (antes de ahora) o para preguntar por algo que estamos esperando que suceda. Yet va al final de la pregunta.
Have you had lunch yet ? Has Sam started his new job yet ? Have our visitors arrived yet ? • Cuando algo que estamos esperando que suceda aún no ha ocurrido hasta el momento de hablar, usamos yet con el verbo en negativa: not…yet . Yet va al final de la frase. Is the director here? - No, she hasn’t arrived yet . When do you have your interview? - I don’t know. They haven’t contacted me yet . How’s your new boss? - I haven’t met him yet . 64
Exercises 1
Completa las frases con for o since . 1 Daniel and his wife have lived in Spain ________ four years. 2 Jean left university in 2006. She has been a teacher ________ then. 3 I don’t know where the boss is. I haven’t seen him ________ yesterday. 4 The company has operated here ________ over twenty years. 5 Rosie has been ill ________ she came back from India. 6 Frank has known Jim ________ a long time.
2
Usa las pautas dadas para escribir preguntas con How long…? y respuestas con for o since . Example:
David / work there? – three years How long has David worked there? He’s worked there for three years.
1 Sue and George / be workmates? – last May ........................................................................................................................................................... 2 Patrick / live in France? – ten years ........................................................................................................................................................... 3 Julie / like rock music? – she was a child ........................................................................................................................................................... 4 you / have those shoes? – two weeks ........................................................................................................................................................... 5 Rory / know Carmen? – they were at university ........................................................................................................................................................... 3
Completa las frases con already y el present perfect . Example:
‘When is Tom leaving?’ ‘He’s already left ’.
1 ‘When is Mark going to do his homework?’ ‘He ______________________’. 2 ‘Would you like a coffee? ’ ‘No thanks, I ______________________’. 3 ‘Are they going to watch the new Brad Pitt film tonight? ’ ‘No, they ______________________’. 4 ‘When is Linda going to buy the presents? ’ ‘She ______________________’. 5 ‘Don’t forget to wash the dishes’. ‘I ______________________’. 4
Ann acaba de empezar la universidad y está hablando por teléfono con su madre. Escribe las preguntas que su madre le hace y las respuestas de Ann. Usa already, yet y not yet . Example:
Mother: make any friends? Mother: Have you made any friends yet?
Ann: ( 3)Yes, I’ve already made some friends. Ann: ( 7) No, I haven’t made any friends yet.
1 M: meet your tutor? __________________________ 2 M: have your first class? ______________________ 3 M: buy a new computer? ______________________ 4 M: write a letter to Gran? _____________________ 5 M: get your student card? _____________________ 5
A: ( 7) ___________________________________ A: (3) __________________________________ A: (3) __________________________________ A: ( 7) ___________________________________ A: ( 7) ___________________________________
Escribe lo que los personajes no han hecho todavía. Usa los verbos de la lista.
1 sell Example:
finish
start playing
2 take off
wake up
3
4
5
wash
She hasn’t washed the dishes yet.
1 ___________________________________________ 2 ___________________________________________
4 ________________________________________ 5 ________________________________________
3 ___________________________________________
65
Used to
A
Mustn’t
Don’t need to / don’t have to
Used to I used to be tall and fat.
AFFIRMATIVE Hábitos pasados que ya no se tienen
I used to swim in the sea every day when I lived in Mallorca.
NEGATIVE
INTERROGATIVE
My friend Bill didn’t use to like seafood but he likes it now.
Did you use to go to clubs when you lived in Mallorca?
We didn’t go to Keith’s party last Saturday.
Did you close the door when you left the house?
They don’t usually get up early at the weekends.
What time do you normally finish work?
(I don’t swim in the sea now.)
Acciones aisladas en el pasado
I saw John in the supermarket yesterday. (I saw him once at a specific time in a specific place.)
Situaciones y hábitos en el presente
She goes to the supermarket every Sunday.
• A menudo, formamos la negativa de used to con never .
She never used to have many friends but she’s very popular now. • Cuando hablamos de situaciones y hábitos en el presente, usamos el present simple y adverbios de frecuencia.
She walks in the park every Sunday. • Cuando hablamos de una sola acción en el pasado, usamos el past simple . Solo usamos used to cuando hablamos de acciones que se repiten.
I met John in the park yesterday. (I met him once.) I used to meet John in the park. (I met him many times.) B
Mustn’t • Usamos mustn’t + infinitive cuando hablamos de acciones que están prohibidas. You mustn’t smoke in here. You mustn’t bring food into the library
C
Don’t need to / don’t have to • Cuando nos referimos a una acción que no es necesaria, usamos don’t / doesn’t need to o don’t / doesn’t have to . You don’t need to lock the door when you go out. (You can lock it if you want, but it isn’t necessary.) She doesn’t have to make her bed. (She can make it if she wants, but it isn’t necessary.) • Compara estas frases. You mustn’t park the car in the street. (Because the police will give you a fine.) You don’t have to / don’t need to park the car in the street. (Because we’ve got a garage.)
66
Exercises Elige las expresiones adecuadas del recuadro y escribe frases con used to .
1
3
argue a lot
eat unhealthy food
1
2
4
5
go out a lot
a hippy
play rugby
watch horror films
3 ........................................................................... 4 ........................................................................... 5 ...........................................................................
Example: He used to be a hippy . 1 ........................................................................... 2 ...........................................................................
Completa las frases con un verbo en present simple o con used to .
2
1 Jim never ______________ to classical music, but now he listens to it a lot. 2 ‘Do you read much?’ ‘No, I ______________ a book every week, but I don’t have time now.’ 3 ‘______________ to the cinema at the weekends?’ ‘No, we prefer to go during the week.’ 4 ‘______________ in France?’ ‘Yes, we lived there for three years. It was great.’ 5 I ______________ red wine, but now I prefer it to white. 6 Gordon is learning Spanish because he ______________ to Ibiza for his holidays every year. 7 ‘Do you do yoga?’ ‘I ______________ but I do now. I really enjoy it.’ 8 ‘______________ ?’ ‘Yes, but I stopped last year. Cigarettes are so expensive.’ Relaciona los carteles con las expresiones del recuadro y escribe frases con mustn’t .
3
1
2
3
4
5
6
park here walk on the grass use your mobile phone take glass into the pool area bring dogs here use this gate Example: You mustn’t walk on the grass .
3 ...........................................................................
1 ........................................................................... 4 ........................................................................... 2 ........................................................................... 5 ........................................................................... 4
Completa las frases con don’t need to / don’t have to o mustn’t .
1 Teachers in most schools ______________ wear a uniform. 2 You ______________ throw litter in the street in Singapore. It’s illegal. 3 We ______________ leave yet. We’ve got lots of time. 4 You ______________ ask Jim for his number. I’ve got it already. 5 You ______________ drive too fast or the police will give you a fine. 6 The restaurant is never full. We ______________ book a table. 7 Budget airlines are very strict. You ______________ carry more than 10 kilos of hand luggage. 8 You ______________ wear sunglasses most of the time in Scotland.
67
If – sentences type I A
So … that
If – sentences type I
If I get up late, I won’t have any breakfast!
• Las oraciones condicionales con if expresan situaciones o acciones hipotéticas. Usamos if + present simple , will + infinitive para referirnos a una condición posible con un resultado probable en el futuro. La situación o la acción seguramente se cumplirá si se da la condición expresada en la frase con if .
If you come to the cinema, I’ll see you there. If she doesn’t cut her hair, she won’t get the job. — Usamos If + present simple, present simple para referirnos a situaciones o acciones que son siempre o normalmente ciertas. If companies want to sell cars, they use attractive models in their advertisements. If you heat water to 100 degrees centigrade, it boils . — Usamos If + present simple , imperative cuando queremos dar órdenes o consejos. If I’m late, don’t wait for me. If you want to learn English quickly, study every day. — La oración con if puede ir antes o después de la oración principal. Cuando va antes, separamos las dos oraciones con una coma. Cuando va después, no usamos coma. If we don’t leave soon, we’ll be late. We’ll be late if we don’t leave soon. • Observa las formas para oraciones afirmativas, negativas y preguntas: If + present simple
S + will / won’t + infinitive
If I pass my exams,
I’ll go on holiday.
If you don’t leave now,
you will be late for work.
If she goes to bed early,
she won’t feel tired tomorrow.
Question word
will + S + infinitive
if + present simple
Short answers
Where
will you study
if you go to university?
--
What
will they do
if people don’t like the advert?
--
--
Will you visit us
if you have time?
— Yes, I will. — No, I won’t.
B
So … that • Usamos so + adjective + that seguido de oración para hablar de resultados o consecuencias. So enfatiza el adjetivo al que acompaña y la oración introducida por that expresa una consecuencia de la situación resaltada por so . I was so tired that I went to bed immediately . The advertisement was so funny that we started laughing . She is so ambitious that she will be very successful .
68
Exercises 1
Elige la forma correcta de los verbos.
1 If we (walk / will walk) quickly, we (catch / will catch) the bus. 2 John (doesn’t / won’t) have any money if he (buys / will buy) a new Mercedes. 3 What (will happen / happens) if I (will try / try) to take his photograph? 4 If they (increase / will increase) the prices, we (don’t / won’t) go back to that restaurant. 5 If David (doesn’t / won’t) say that he is sorry, don’t go out with him again. 6 (Will / Does) Cathy come to the cinema with me if I (will ask / ask) her? 2
Escribe frases con las pautas dadas. Example:
If she / see / Wayne / she / give him the book If she sees Wayne, she’ll give him the book.
1 If Joe / have enough money / he / buy a new camera ……….........………..…………………………….. 2 Don’t go to the beach tomorrow / if it / rain………………………..……………………………..….……… 3 You / lend me some money / if I / pay you back this week?………………………………..………...…… 4 If the restaurant / be full / we / go to a different one …………………………………………..……...…… 5 If Ted / not feel well / he / not come with us this evening ………………………………..………..........… 6 You / not pass your exam / if you / not work harder……………..……………………………..……..…… 7 If the children / be hungry / we / have lunch now ………………………………..………......................… 3
Vuelve a escribir las frases utilizando so ... that . Example: Harry was very angry. He couldn’t speak. Harry was so angry that he couldn’t speak. 1 Jane was very tired. She slept for twelve hours. …………………………………………………………... 2 The exam was very long. The students couldn’t finish it. ..…………………………………………..….... 3 The weather was very hot. They spent all day on the beach. .……………………………….……….…... 4 The drink was delicious. Frank had another glass. ……………………………………………………….... 5 The hotel was very expensive. Nobody stayed there. …………………………………………………….. 6 Their new car was very big. It didn’t fit in the garage. ……………………………..…………………... 7 The film was very long. We left before the end. …………………..…………………….………………......
8 She was very talented. The company offered her a job. ………………………………………….……….. 4
Completa cada hueco con el verbo correcto, elige la alternativa que tu escogerías en cada situación y completa las frases. come
feel
get
have
miss
rain
If it rains tomorrow, I will stay in bed . If it rains tomorrow, I will go to the cinema.
3 If friends ___ over for dinner tonight, I _______
1 If I ___ hungry later, I ________
4 If I ___ time at the weekend, I ________
2 If I ___ bored today, I ________
5 If we ___ the bus, we ________ 69
Agreeing and disagreeing: me too me neither I do I don’t I am I’m not... Word order with two objects A
Agreeing and disagreeing • Misma opinión o situación: Usamos Me too para mostrar acuerdo con un comentario afirmativo hecho por otra persona y Me neither para mostrar acuerdo con un comentario negativo. I really like the British sense of humour. – Me too . + I don’t like jokes about women. – – Me neither . –
I love reading. I don’t.
+
• Opinión o situación diferente: Para mostrar desacuerdo con un comentario positivo en el present simple , usamos I don’t . Para mostrar desacuerdo con un comentario negativo, usamos I do .
I think the Marx brothers are really funny. I don’t like Bob’s jokes.
–
+
– I don’t .
–
– I do + . I think they’re very amusing.
• Cambiamos el auxiliar a afirmativa o negativa para contrastar con el verbo que expresa la idea con la que no estamos de acuerdo.
I’m not very interested in comic books. – I am. I love them. I didn’t enjoy the film at all. – I did . I thought it was great. Look! I can see the North Star! – I can’t . I can only see the Moon.
They’ve won the cup! – No, they haven’t . The game isn’t over yet. • Observa las formas:
Acuerdo o coincidencia + - + / – - –
B
Desacuerdo o falta de coincidencia + - – / – - +
I love Lady Gaga. – Me too .
I love Lady Gaga. – I don’t .
I don’t like Madonna. – Me neither .
She doesn’t like Madonna. – I do .
I enjoyed the meal. – Me too .
I enjoyed the meal. – I didn’t .
They didn’t like the wine. – Me neither .
I didn’t like the wine. – I did .
I’ve been to Paris. – Me too .
I’ve been to Paris. – I haven’t .
I haven’t been to Rome. – Me neither .
I haven’t been to Rome. – I have.
John can play the guitar. – Me too .
I can play the guitar. – I can’t .
I can’t play the violin. – Me neither .
I can’t play the violin. – My brother can .
Word order with two objects • Algunos verbos en inglés tienen dos complementos. Uno es directo y otro indirecto. Can you pass me the salt , please? En este ejemplo, the salt es el complemento directo y me es el complemento indirecto. También podemos decir: Can you pass the salt to me , please? • Otros verbos que usan to delante del complemento indirecto son: give, take, send, lend, sell, bring, tell, pay. I’m going to send John an email . / I’m going to send an email to John . Karen gave Jim her old computer . / Karen gave her old computer to Jim. • Con determinados verbos usamos for en lugar de to : buy, bring, make, cook, keep, choose, find, save. I bought Jack a present . / I bought a present for Jack . She made her father a birthday card . / She made a birthday card for her father . Lee cooked Margaret a surprise meal . / Lee cooked a surprise meal for Margaret .
70
Exercises 1
Completa las conversaciones con Me too o Me neither . I love Charles Chaplin.
I don’t like the rain.
I don’t want any dessert, thank you.
. . . . . . . . .
2
. . . . . . . . . I think he is fantastic.
. . . . . . . ..
. . . . . . . . .
1
. . . . . . . . .
2
3
4
I don’t understand Chinese
5
Completa las frases de modo que el segundo hablante exprese desacuerdo con el primero.
1 ‘I think Jill is really intelligent.’ ‘________________ . I think she’s rather stupid.’ 2 ‘I love old films on TV.’ ‘______________ . I think they’re boring.’ 3 ‘I didn’t enjoy that meal at all.’ ‘________________ . We thought it was delicious.’ 4 ‘I wasn’t at the concert last night.’ ‘_________________ . It was really good.’ 5 ‘I’m not going to Ida’s party tomorrow.’ ‘________________ . I’m looking forward to it.’ 6 ‘I can’t swim.’ ‘_________________ . I learned when I was a child.’ 7 ‘I don’t think they’ll win the cup.’ ‘_________________ . They’re playing very well.’ 8 ‘I’ve seen all of Brad Pitt’s films.’ ‘_________________ . I’ve only seen one.’ 3
Ordena las palabras.
1 girlfriend email He an sent his. 2 birthday her bought expensive mother present an She. 3 I my to car Kevin sold old. 4 cooked They a meal grandmother lovely their for. 5 beautiful We a gave necklace Jane. 6 new Victoria dress chose her daughter for a. 4
………………………….……………………. .………………………………………………. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ……………………………………………….. ………………………………………………..
Vuelve a escribir las frases manteniendo el mismo significado. Example: Helen made a birthday cake for her mother. Helen made her mother a birthday cake. ………………………………………………. 1 Colin bought Stella a nice present. 2 Linda cooked a special dinner for Ron on his birthday. ………………………………………………. ………………………………………………. 3 I passed the wine to John. ………………………………………………. 4 Val lent Norman her car last night. 5 I brought Lily some flowers when she was in hospital. ………………………………………………. ………………………………………………. 6 We gave the keys to Paul before we left the house. 7 I sent Zoe a text message but she didn’t get it. ……………………………………………….
8 Keith made roast beef for Pam, but she’s a vegetarian! ………………………………………………. 5
Combina elementos de cada columna para hacer frases. Tienes que cambiar el tiempo de los verbos. Hay varias respuestas posibles. I bring Nicholas a watch for his birthday. Jake lend a cake a nice bottle of wine. The children buy us for their grandmother. Helen make Peter some money. Dan send my father a funny story. Irene tell some flowers to his girlfriend. Example: I bought my father a watch for his birthday. 1 …………………………………………….. 4 ……………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………….. 5 ……………………………………………… 3 ……………………………………………..
71
Defining relative clauses with who, which, that as a subject Prefer A
Defining relative clauses with who, which, that as subject Look! That’s the actor who plays James Bond!
• Utilizamos las oraciones especificativas de relativo con who , which y that para identificar a la persona o cosa de la que estamos hablando. Usamos who para referirnos a una persona, which para referirnos a una cosa y that para ambos. I admire singers who write their own songs .
Look! That’s the girl that lives next door!
o I admire singers that write their own songs . We saw a piano which belonged to Beethoven . o
Oh! The girl who plays the trumpet?
We saw a piano that belonged to Beethoven . Con frecuencia usamos that en lugar de which , especialmente cuando hablamos. También se puede usar that en lugar de who , pero no es tan común.
• El pronombre relativo va inmediatamente detrás de la persona o cosa a la que se refiere. En estas oraciones, el relativo actúa como nexo y es al mismo tiempo el sujeto de la subordinada. I like festivals which / that last for several days . (NO I like festivals which / that they last for several days). B
Prefer
Yes, I know you prefer eating junk food to eating healthy food!
Dad! Broccoli again? You know I prefer hamburgers!
Well, I prefer to eat healthy food, but I don’t like broccoli!
• Cuando expresamos preferencia por una actividad, usamos prefer + -ing o prefer + to infinitivo. I don’t like going to concerts. I prefer to listen / prefer listening to music at home. My dad hates wearing a suit and tie. He prefers to wear / prefers wearing jeans and a T-shirt. • Cuando expresamos preferencia por una cosa o persona, usamos prefer + sustantivo (+ to + sustantivo). I prefer rock music (to classical music) . My brother prefers Lilly Allen (to Adele) . We prefer seeing a film in the cinema ( to watching it on TV).
72
Exercises 1
Relaciona las dos partes de las frases.
1 Keith Richards is a guitarist 2 Jazz is a style of music 3 I used to have a girlfriend 4 I’ve just heard a new album 5 Bruce Springsteen writes songs 6 Jim Marshall was a photographer 2
a which is really good. b who liked punk. c which are sometimes about New York. d who plays in a famous rock band. e who took pictures of musicians. f which comes from the United States.
Une las frases con who , which o that y haz los cambios necesarios. 1 Reggae is a musical style. It began in Jamaica. ............……………....…………………………………… 2 Lana del Rey is a singer. She first became famous on the Internet. ....…………………………….…… 3 I have a friend. He is a big fan of Bono and U2. ...........…….……………………………………………… 4 My brother has bought a guitar. It cost a thousand pounds. ......………………………………………… 5 Joey’s hobby is collecting records. The records are from the 1950’s. .......……………………………… 6 We have a new French teacher. She comes from Toulouse. ........………………………………………… 7 My parents gave me some new speakers. They sound really great. ....………………………………… 8 Kelly has a girlfriend. She plays in a rock band. ..........................…………………………………………
3
Combina la información y escribe definiciones con who o which . Mick Jagger The Titanic Cristiano Ronaldo Hip hop Apple Angelina Jolie Schumacher
a musical style a racing driver the computer company a footballer a rock star a ship the actress
invented the iPad. plays for Real Madrid. played Lara Croft. sings with The Rolling Stones. sank in 1912. won seven Formula 1 Championships. started in cities in the US.
Example: Mick Jagger is a rock star who sings with The Rolling Stones.
1 …………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………… 3 …………………………………………… 4
3
4 …………………………………………………… 5 …………………………………………………… 6 ……………………………………………………
Observa las ilustraciones y escribe sobre Angela.
1
2
4
5
Example: She doesn’t like meat. She prefers eating fish. She prefers fish to meat / She prefers eating fish to eating meat. 1 …..................................................................................................…………………………………………
2 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 3 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 4 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 5 …..................................................................................................………………………………………… 73
Contrast clauses: but although however
Indefinite pronouns
on the one hand ... on the other hand A
Contrast clauses: b ut
although
however
on the one hand ... on the other hand
• Usamos but para unir dos oraciones que expresan ideas opuestas.
Although I love this band, I can’t go to their concert. I’m broke!
I enjoy bullfights but my children think they are very cruel. • Although también une ideas opuestas. Puede ir entre las dos partes de la oración o al principio. Solo es necesario poner coma entre las dos partes de la oración cuando la subordinada con although va al principio.
I don’t have much money either, but I’ll lend you some.
Although Sally lives in the country , she enjoys spending the weekends in the city. Sally lives in the country (,) although she enjoys spending the weekends in the city. • Cuando dos oraciones expresan ideas opuestas, podemos usar However al comienzo de la segunda. However va siempre seguido de coma. Climbing is quite a dangerous sport. However , many people practise it regularly. • Usamos la correlación On the one hand (...) On the other hand al comienzo de dos oraciones o párrafos que expresan ideas opuestas, y siempre ante coma. Es más frecuente en contextos formales o escritos. Many young people go abroad to find work. This has positive and negative aspects. On the one hand , they can find good jobs. On the other hand , they have to live far away from their families. B
Indefinite pronouns • Usamos los pronombres indefinidos para hablar de personas, cosas o lugares sin especificar a qué nos referimos exactamente.
PERSONAS
COSAS
LUGARES
VERBO
someone / somebody
something
somewhere
+
anyone / anybody
anything
anywhere
- /?
everyone / everybody
everything
everywhere
+ / ?
no one / nobody
nothing
nowhere
+
Mum, there is something I have to tell you….
• Para personas usamos somebody / someone o anybody / anyone .
Somebody sent me a text message but I don’t know who. Did you meet anyone interesting at the party? – I wasn’t feeling very well. I didn’t talk to anybody . • Para cosas usamos something o anything . I’m going to eat something . Can I get you anything ? – No thanks, I don’t want anything . • Para lugares usamos somewhere o anywhere . I’ve met her somewhere before, but I can’t remember where. Are you going anywhere interesting for your holidays? – No, we’re not going anywhere . We’re staying at home this year. • Cuando nos referimos a todas las personas, todas las cosas o todos los lugares, usamos everybody /everyone , everything o everywhere . Observa que el verbo va en 3ª persona de singular.
Everybody loves John. Everything is ready for the party. We’ve been everywhere in this town. • Cuando el significado es negativo, podemos usar también nobody / no one, nothing y nowhere . Observa que el verbo va en afirmativa y en 3ª persona de singular.
Nobody has seen Julia since last Thursday. There is nowhere like Las Vegas. It’s unique.
74
Don’t worry. Nothing is going to happen.
Exercises 1
Relaciona las pautas dadas y escribe frases con but y el tiempo verbal adecuado. Jim / support / the Conservatives this year / they / go / Greece I / get / to work on time this morning 1 Pat / go to / a bullfight last week 2 Sam / like / go out with friends she / not enjoy / it his wife / vote for / the Labour party 3 They / usually go / to Spain in the summer 4 I / go / to bed late last night Sally / prefer / stay at home Example: Jim supports the Conservatives but his wife votes for the Labour party.
1 …………………………………………… 2 …………………………………………… 2
3 …………………………………………………… 4 ……………………………………………………
Completa las frases con although o however . 1 ________ most people spend Christmas with their family, some people don’t. 2 Easter is an important holiday in many countries. ________, it often rains during Easter week. 3 My parents gave me a great present for my birthday ________ my sister didn’t give me anything. 4 ________ the tickets were quite expensive, a lot of people went to the festival. 5 Brunei is a very small country. ________, the Sultan of Brunei is one of the richest men in the world. 6 The British royal family is very popular, ________ not everyone supports it.
3
Completa los párrafos con la información de los recuadros. Usa On the one hand …, On the other hand … It’s nice to have lots of money. They attract a lot of tourists. It’s a very interesting country. I know she likes the family to be together.
My brother’s wife will be there and I don’t like her. The flights are really expensive. It’s difficult to have a private life. All the hotels and restaurants put up their prices.
Example: I’m not sure if it’s a good idea to go to the US this year. On the one hand, it’s a very interesting country. On the other hand, the flights are really expensive.
1 Having the Olympic Games in a city has advantages and disadvantages. ……………………………. 2 I don’t know if I want to go to my mother’s house for Christmas this year. ………………….............. 3 Being rich and famous has good points and bad points. …………………………………………............ 4
Completa las frases con –body, –thing or –where . 1 Where’s Paul? I don’t see him any . 2 Some has moved my keys. I left them on the table. 3 There’s a funny smell. I think some ’s burning. 4 I like the people here. Every is very helpful. 5 I don’t like ice cream. Do you have any else?
5
6 Did any call when I was out? 7 I want to go some warm for my holidays this year. 8 I’m really angry. The government has done no to solve the crisis. 9 Have you seen my sunglasses any ? some 10 The house is very quiet. I think ’s wrong.
Completa las frases con los pronombres indefinidos adecuados.
1 Can you speak more loudly, please? I can’t hear __________. 2 I saw __________ going into the house but I don’t know who it was. 3 __________ enjoyed the meal. They said it was delicious. 4 There’s __________ on your coat. Let me clean it. 5 I looked in all the rooms, but I didn’t see John __________. 6 I didn’t drink __________ because I wasn’t thirsty. 7 Joanne lives __________ not far from Edinburgh. 8 There’s __________ in the fridge. We need to go to the supermarket. 75
Past continuous
Past continuous + past simple with while and when
Prepositions of movement A
Past continuous • Usamos el past continuous para hablar de una acción en desarrollo en el pasado. What were you doing at three o’clock yesterday afternoon? – I was playing tennis.
Were you waiting for Jill outside the pub last night? – No, I wasn’t. I was waiting for Jane. • También usamos el past continuous para describir la escena en la que se sitúa una historia. It was a beautiful morning. The Sun was shining and the birds were singing in the trees. Sheila was wearing an old brown coat. She locked the door and walked to her car… Your brother called while you were taking a shower .
• Formamos el past continuous con was/were (not) + -ing . B
Past continuous + past simple with while and when • Usamos el past simple para hablar de acciones acabadas en el pasado y el past continuous para resaltar la duración de actividades y situaciones pasadas.
Why didn’t you get it?!
Where did you go for dinner yesterday? – We went to a new Mexican restaurant.
What were you doing yesterday evening at 9:30? – I was cooking and Linda was watching TV. • Usamos el past continuous y el past simple juntos cuando una acción interrumpe otra en desarrollo: el past simple se utiliza para la acción que interrumpe y el past continuous para la acción en desarrollo.
I was driving along a country road when a dog ran in front of the car.
I was driving along a country road when a dog ran in front of the car.
Joanne was getting off the bus when she saw the accident. • Usamos when para introducir la acción que interrumpe. She was having a shower when the fire started . • Podemos usar when o while para introducir la acción en desarrollo. Es más común usar while cuando queremos enfatizar la duración de la acción o describimos dos acciones simultáneas. The fire started when / while she was having a shower . The phone rang and rang while I was cooking dinner. The children were playing while I was working on the computer. • Algunas expresiones de tiempo habituales con estos tiempos verbales son: yesterday, last week / month / … , three days ago, in + mes / año, when / before / after + oración, for + periodo de tiempo, one day, that evening , etc. (véase Unit 5). C
Prepositions of movement • Usamos las preposiciones de dirección para indicar hacia dónde se mueve algo o alguien. UP
INTO
76
DOWN
OUT OF
ALONG
THROUGH
ACROSS
FROM… TO
Exercises 1
Escribe lo que Len y Sarah estaban haciendo a las horas indicadas el sábado pasado.
8.00-8.30
1
2
3
4
10.00-11.30
12.00-12.30
15.00 – 17.30
18.30-18.45
20.00-22.00
3 At 16.00, they ………………………………. 4 At 18.40, he ………………………………. 5 At 21.15, they ……………………………
At 8.15, Len was taking the dog for a walk.
1 At 10.45, Sarah ……………………………... 2 At 12.10, she ……………………………….. 2
5
Escribe preguntas con el past continuous y la partícula interrogativa adecuada. Example: ‘you / live / in 2010?’ ‘In Barcelona.’
‘Where were you living in 2010?’
1 ‘Tom / wear / at the party last night?’ ‘A pullover and a pair of jeans.’ ‘ ......................................... ?’ 2 ‘the baby / cry / this morning?’ ‘Because she was hungry.’ ’ ...........................................................?’ 3 ‘you / go / when I saw you yesterday?’ ‘To Frank’s house.’ ‘ ...........................................................?’ 4 ‘you / call / when I saw you last night?’ ‘Keith.’ ‘ .............................................................................. ?’ 5 ‘Sheila / do / at 3 o’clock this morning?’ ‘She was sleeping.’ ‘ ........................................................?’ 6 ‘Kate / dance / with Trevor at your party?’ ‘Because Jeremy wasn’t there.’ ‘.................................. ?’ 3
Subraya la acción que empezó primero, rodea con un recuadro el conector más adecuado - when or while - cuando los dos sean correctos y tacha el incorrecto si solo uno es correcto. Example: Paul arrived when / while I was studying
I was sleeping when / while the postman came.
1 Jane was watching TV when / while Lily phoned. 2 It started snowing when / while we were driving home. 3 When / While I was waiting for the bus I met a really interesting girl. 4
when / while she started to feel sick. 5 Sophie broke her arm when/ while she was playing football.
Completa las frases con la preposición de dirección adecuada. 1
2
3
1 The firefighter ran _______ the burning house. 2 He drove his car ______ the garage. 3 The police officers walked ______ the street. 5
4 Liz was having breakfast
4
5
6
4 The plane flew ______ the clouds. 5 The canoeist came ______ the river. 6 The boy swam ______ the river.
Completa el sueño con el past simple o el past continuous de los verbos entre paréntesis. I (1) ______ (have) a terrifying dream last night. I (2) ______ (drive) along a narrow road when I suddenly (3) ______ (see) a girl in the middle of the road. She (4) ______ (wear) a long black coat and sunglasses. It was very cold but she (5) ______ (not wear) a hat or gloves. I (6) ______ (stop) the car and she (7) ______ (get) in. It (8) ______ (be) very dark but she (9) ______ (not take off) her sunglasses. She (10) ______ (have) very white skin. I (11) ______ (start) the car again and we (12) ______ (drive) along in silence. Then I (13) ______ (notice) something near the car. It was a large dog and it (14) ______ (run) beside us, but it (15) ______ (not look) at us. While I (16) ______ (watch) the dog, the girl (17) ______ (take off) her sunglasses. I (18) ______ (turn) to look at her and she (19) ______ (open) her mouth slowly. Her teeth (20) ______ (be) very long and sharp. She (21) ______ (move) towards me when suddenly I (22) ______ (wake up). I (23) ______ (sweat) and I (24) ______ (not feel) very well!
77
Possibility: may might can A
Hope
Possibility: may might can
I’m not sure. I might take him for a walk!
What are you doing later?
• Usamos may y might para hablar de situaciones o acontecimientos presentes o futuros que es posible, pero no seguro, que sucedan. Might puede sugerir menor probabilidad que may y es más común en el lenguaje oral. What are you doing later? – I don’t know. I may take the dog for a walk. Take an umbrella if you’re going out. It might rain . We might have to stay late at the office. We haven’t finished the report. • May y might son verbos modales y van seguidos del infinitivo sin to . May not no tiene forma contraida y mightn’t no se usa mucho.
I / you / he / she / it / we / they
may (not) might (not) (mightn’t)
come to the beach with us. stay at their friends’ cottage. like tonight’s film .
• Observa la diferencia entre estas frases: Tim is having dinner with Sally tonight. (Es seguro) Tim may / might have dinner with Sally tonight. (Es una posibilidad. Puede que hagan otra cosa) (= Perhaps Tim will have dinner with Sally tonight) Jackie isn’t going to play tennis tomorrow. (Es seguro que no lo hará) Jackie may / might not play tennis tomorrow. (Puede que lo haga, puede que no) (= Maybe Jackie will play tennis tomorrow) Para expresar posibilidad, es mucho más común usar may y might que los adverbios perhaps o maybe con futuro. • Usamos can para decir que algo es posible en sentido general, así como para referirnos a diversas opciones. This kind of bush can grow in really cold places. If you want to help the environment, you can join Greenpeace. You can also work in your local community. B
Hope • Usamos hope to + infinitive cuando el sujeto de la frase expresa un deseo para sí mismo. Julie hopes to work as a biologist when she finishes university, but there aren’t many jobs. We hope to go to Thailand for our honeymoon but we might not have enough money. • Usamos hope (that) + subordinada en present simple cuando el sujeto de la frase expresa un deseo para otra persona o cosa.
I hope (that) Julie passes all her exams. I hope (that) Kate and Larry go to Thailand.
78
I hope to pass the exam and drive to the mall with my friends.
I hope she passes the exam and drives her sister to school!
Exercises 1
Completa las conversaciones con might o might not y los verbos entre paréntesis.
1 ‘I’ll see you at George’s house on Saturday.’ ‘Maybe, but I __________ (go). My girlfriend __________ (come) to see me this weekend.’ 2 ‘What are you doing in the summer?’ ‘We’re not sure. We __________ (stay) here or we __________ (drive) to Scotland and spend some time with my parents.’ 3 ‘The next World Cup is going to be fantastic!’ ‘Are you sure? Your team __________ (win). They __________ (play) really badly.’ 4 ‘I’m really looking forward to Andy’s party.’ ‘That’s good, but Jake __________ (be) there, you know. And if he is there, he __________ (not want) to talk to you.’ 2
Vuelve a escribir las frases con might / may o might not / may not. Example: It is possible that they will not help us. They may /might not help us.
1 It is possible that it will snow tomorrow. 2 Perhaps they will not come to the meeting. 3 Maybe Sue will not have time to see you. 4 It is possible that I will get a new job. 5 Maybe we will not be here next year. 6 Perhaps Pete will lend us some money. 3
……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. ……………………………………………………. …………………………………………………….
Responde a las preguntas seleccionando las posibilidades más adecuadas de la lista y los verbos correspondientes del recuadro. Usa can . plane / the train
your boss / jobs
the cinema / Keith and Margie
Luigi’s / the new Vietnamese place
Greenpeace / local politicians
the garage / a new one
a bullfight / the Prado
go to / have dinner with go to / try watch / visit go by / take join / contact take to / change take it to / buy Example:
‘Where will we have dinner tonight?’ ‘Well, we can go to Luigi’s or we can try the new Vietnamese place.’
1 ‘What do you want to do this weekend?’ 2 ‘I have a free afternoon in Madrid. What can I do?’ 3 ‘What’s the best way to get to Paris?’ 4 ‘What can I do to protect the environment in my area?’ 5 ‘I’m having a lot of problems at work. What can I do?’ 6 ‘My car breaks down all the time. What can I do?’ 4
‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’ ‘…………………………………………….’
Escribe sobre los deseos de Harry.
1
NEXT MONTH
3
PASS
4
START
2
BUY / NEXT CHRISTMAS
5
SOON
GET A GOOD JOB
6
VISIT / NEXT YEAR
START
Example: Harry hopes to move house next month. He hopes that David passes his exams. 1 ………………………………………………. 4 ………………………………………………. 2 ………………………………………………. 5 ………………………………………………. 3 ………………………………………………. 6 ……………………………………………….
79
Asking for and giving instructions A
Quantifiers
Asking for and giving instructions • Podemos usar el imperativo o el present simple para pedir y dar instrucciones.
How can I fix it?
How do you attach a file to an email?– First click / you click on the attach button. Then, find / you find the file that you want to attach and double click / you double click on it. Wait / You wait until it loads and then click / you click on the send button.
You can’t. Just go to the shop and buy another one.
• Observa que cuando hacemos una pregunta, podemos usar el present simple o can con I o you . How do / can you upload a photo? What do you do next? How can / do I change the screen saver? Then, what do I do ? • Cuando damos una serie de instrucciones, solemos usar conectores como first, next, then, after that o finally . When you buy a new printer, first read the instructions carefully. Then, connect it to your computer. Next , switch the printer on. After that , check that there is enough ink. Finally , print a test document.
B
Quantifiers • Recuerda: los sustantivos contables tienen singular y plural, pero los incontables no tienen forma de plural. a drink a euro
three drinks ten euros
water music
three waters two musics
• Much se refiere a una gran cantidad de algo y many a un gran número. • Much se utiliza con sustantivos incontables en preguntas y oraciones negativas. Do you download much music from Internet? A laptop doesn’t use much electricity . • Many va con sustantivos contables en preguntas y oraciones negativas. Do you see many good photographs on Flickr? George doesn’t write many emails . He prefers to send text messages. • Much y many se pueden usar también en oraciones afirmativas, aunque no es común.
A lot of • A lot of se refiere a un gran número o una gran cantidad de algo. Se usa tanto con sustantivos contables como incontables. You can find a lot of information on the Internet. There are a lot of new computers in that shop. Were there a lot of people at the party? There isn’t a lot of food but there´s enough to make dinner.
+
80
Can you help me with this computer? – OK, I’ve got a bit of time before I go to work.
GRAN NÚMERO
GRAN CANTIDAD
PEQUEÑO NÚMERO
PEQUEÑA CANTIDAD
sustantivos contables en plural
sustantivos incontables
sustantivos contables en plural
sustantivos incontables
a lot of
a lot of
?
A few, a little, a bit of • A few, a little y a bit of indican un pequeño número o una pequeña cantidad. Se utiliza a few con sustantivos contables, y a little y a bit of con incontables. There are a few flowers in the garden but not many. There’s a little juice in the fridge if you´re thirsty
a lot of / many
a lot of / much
a few
a little / a bit of
Exercises 1
Ayudándote de los dibujos, escribe las instrucciones combinando verbos y sustantivos de los recuadros. Sure
1
2
3
4
5
Can you help me with my new camera?
put in (x 2)
turn on
close open
the cover (x 2) the battery the memory card
the camera
First, (1) __________________. Then, (2) _____________________. Next, (3) ______________________. After that, (4) ______________________. Finally, (5) ______________________. 2
Completa las conversaciones con expresiones del recuadro. how do I start moving
wait a minute you check
then do I start
Like this
do I do first
A: Have you ever driven before? B: No, I haven’t. What (1) __________? A: Well, first you adjust your seat. Then, (2) __________ the mirrors. B: OK, (3) __________ the engine? A: Yes, that’s right. B: Fine. And (4) __________? A: You push in the pedal and then let it out slowly. B: (5) __________? A: Y es, good. No, (6) __________ No! Stop! 3
Completa las frases con much , many o a lot of . En algunos casos, hay más de una respuesta correcta. 1 My sister has got __________ friends on Facebook – over 500! 2 I haven’t downloaded __________ applications on my phone – only two or t hree. 3 Do you spend __________ time on your computer every day? 4 Phil listens to __________ music on his mp3 while he travels to work. 5 I don’t have __________ work today so I’m going home early. 6 Ken gets __________ junk mail every day – he really hates it. 7 Did you take __________ good photographs on your holidays? 8 There are __________ useful sites on the Internet for people learning English.
4
Completa las frases con a little o a few y las palabras del recuadro. information
words
time
days
French
ideas
1 The teacher gave us __________ to help us to learn English vocabulary. It’s important to spend __________ every day revising new words. 2 I met some French students the other day. They only spoke __________ of English. I was able to communicate with them because I know __________ . 3 They were only in the country for __________ I gave them __________ about the town. 5
La información de estas frases es incorrecta. Vuelve a escribirlas con la información correcta. 1 Not many people live in China. …..…………………………………………………………………............... 2 Bill Gates doesn’t have much money. …..……………………………………………………………..…….. 3 A lot of astronauts have walked on the Moon. …..…………………………………………………...…….. 4 Cactuses need a lot of water to live. …..…………………………………………………………...….....….. 5 To print a document, first you press the print button. Then you put paper in the printer. …………………………………………………………………..……………………………………………...……
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Adverbs of manner A
Comparison of adverbs
Asking for confirmation
Adverbs of manner • Usamos los adverbios de modo para describir cómo se hace una acción.
I told you. Eat your soup slowly . It’s hot!
We couldn’t understand the play because the actors spoke very quietly . They drove quickly because they were late for the film. • La mayoría de adverbios de modo se forman añadiendo -ly al adjetivo. Observa algunos cambios ortográficos en el siguiente cuadro.
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
EXAMPLE
bad
bad ly
Paul speaks French badly.
careful
careful ly
Sue listened carefully.
heav y
heav ily
It was raining heavily.
terrib le
terrib ly
She sang terribly.
enthusiast ic
enthusiastic ally
He played enthusiastically.
• Algunos adverbios tienen la misma forma que su adjetivo y otros son irregulares.
B
ADJECTIVE
ADVERB
EXAMPLE
fast
fast
I like fast cars . / I usually drive fast .
hard
hard
She has a hard job . / She works hard .
good
well
She’s a good singer . / She sings very well .
Comparison of adverbs • Para hacer comparaciones positivas con los adverbios acabados en -ly usamos more ... than ; con la mayoría de los adverbios irregulares (sin -ly ) añadimos -er . Melanie drives more carefully than her sister. She also drives more slowly than her sister. Chris runs faster than Harry.
I work harder than other people in my office.
• Observa cómo hacemos comparaciones con well y badly . Keith plays the guitar well, but John plays better . Katy dresses badly, but Naomi dresses worse .
Didn’t Ann Garrett win an Oscar for ‘ Treason’?
• Para hacer comparaciones negativas con los adverbios, usamos less … than o not as … as . Charles speaks less clearly than Carol. Charles does not speak as clearly as Carol. • Cuando comparamos dos acciones iguales, usamos as … as . Ken cooks as well as a professional chef. C
Did she? I can’t remember. Anyway, she acted as badly as she usually does.
Asking for confirmation • Cuando queremos confirmar una información de la que no estamos seguros, podemos usar una pregunta negativa.
Isn’t Hollywood in San Francisco?
Didn’t ‘ The Artist‘ win the Oscar for best film in 2012?
• Si sabemos la respuesta a la pregunta negativa, solemos usar una respuesta corta
Wasn’t Jennifer married? – Yes, she was. Doesn’t the President live in New York? – No, he doesn’t. • Si no estamos seguros de la respuesta a una pregunta negativa, solemos responder con una pregunta afirmativa con entonación ascendente, expresando así nuestra duda o sorpresa.
Didn’t Bruce Springsteen give a concert here last year? – Did he? Aren’t the Olympic Games starting next week? – Are they?
82
Exercises 1
Escribe frases diciendo qué sucede en cada situación. Usa los verbos y adverbios del recuadro. 1
sing shout
drive run
2
snow
3
wait
play
4
loudly
Example: She is driving slowly. 1 …………………………………………….. 2 …………………………………………….. 3 …………………………………………….. 2
heavily
5
fast
angrily
6
nervously
slowly
badly
4 ……………………………………………. 5 ……………………………………………. 6 …………………………………………….
Completa las frases con la forma correcta de la palabra entre paréntesis – adjetivo o adverbio. 1 Kirsten Dunst was _________ (fantastic) in ‘Melancholia’. She acted _________ (wonderful). 2 The fans waited _________ (patient) to get their tickets. They behaved very _________ (good). 3 I didn’t enjoy the concert at all. The band were really_________ (bad) and the lead singer sang _________ (terrible). 4 Although it was raining _________ (heavy), Fran drove very _________ (fast). It was a really _________ (dangerous) journey. 5 Judy filled in the form _________ (careful) because she didn’t want to make any mistakes. 6 She spoke so _________ (quiet) that I couldn’t hear her.
3
Relaciona los adverbios del recuadro con los verbos de las ilustraciones y escribe oraciones comparando las personas y animales que aparecen en ellas.
(eat)
Jane / Mary
4 (run) Kitty / Bonzo
1 (drive) Kate / George
5 (work) Louise / Larry
2 (play) Rory / Gerry
6 (eat) Paula / Karen
3 (speak English) Lola / Ana
badly dangerously fast hard healthily politely well / fluently
Example: Mary eats more politely than Jane. 1 Ken …………………………………………….. 4 Kitty ……………………………………………..
2 Rory …………………………………………….. 5 Larry …………………………………………….. 3 Ana …………………………………………….. 6 Paula …………………………………………….. 4
Rory quiere que Andrea le confirme cierta información y ella no está segura de las respuestas. Escribe los diálogos. Example: Francis Ford Coppola made The Godfather (?)
Rory: Didn’t Francis Ford Coppola make The Godfather? Andrea: Did he?
1 The concert starts at 8 o’clock (?)
Rory: ………….. Andrea:……………
2 Liv Tyler is the daughter of a rock star (?)
Rory: ………….. Andrea:……………
3 Eva Green appeared in a James Bond film (?)
Rory: ………….. Andrea:……………
4 Bruce Springsteen has performed in Madrid three times (?) Rory: ………….. Andrea:…………… 5 Shakira is singing at Rock in Rio this year (?)
Rory: ………….. Andrea:……………
6 Daniel Craig and Rachel Weisz got married in Barbados (?)
Rory: ………….. Andrea:……………
83
Passive voice
Three people have been arrested in this house in East London this morning. A
Use of the passive voice: for focus (emphasis) • Usamos la voz pasiva cuando queremos destacar el complemento de una acción. El complemento de un verbo activo se convierte en el sujeto de un verbo pasivo. Active voice: A storm injured three people yesterday. Complemento
Passive voice: Three people were injured in a storm yesterday. Sujeto
En la oración en voz pasiva, queremos resaltar que han resultado heridas tres personas, por encima del hecho de que fue en la tormenta donde resultaron heridas. • La pasiva se utiliza con frecuencia cuando el agente (quien realiza la acción) es obvio o no nos interesa, por lo que muchas veces no aparece en las oraciones en voz pasiva. Five young men were arrested last night. (El agente es obvio: la policía.) Over 10 million i-Pods are sold every year. (No es importante quién los vende.) • No obstante, a veces sí nos interesa mencionar al ag ente y lo incluimos al final de la frase, con by . Voz activa: The President opened the ceremony. Sujeto
Voz pasiva: The ceremony was opened by the President. Agente
Si el agente es una cosa: He was hit by a falling stone. (accidental)
He was hit with a stone. (deliberado: instrumento)
Si el agente es un lugar puede expresarse como complemento de lugar con in : Three people were injured in a storm. B
Form TENSES
FORM * Sujeto + am/ is / are + participio + Ten million text messages are sent every day.
Present simple
– The iPhone isn’t manufactured in the USA. ? Are newspapers printed here? How is glass made ? *Sujeto + was / were + participio + Ten houses were destroyed by a fire last night.
Past simple
– The 2010 World Cup wasn’t played in Brazil. ? Was anyone killed in the fire? Where were the stolen documents found? *Sujeto + has / have been + participio + A new planet has been discovered .
Present perfect
– The damaged houses haven’t been repaired . ? Have the stolen jewels been found ? Where has the new planet been discovered ?
84
When was that white thing built?
Exercises 1
Elige la opción correcta y subraya el foco de interés en cada caso. A major hurricane (1) devastated / was devastated the eastern United States last week. Many houses (2) destroyed / were destroyed , sea water (3) covered / was covered the streets in several towns and electricity (4) has not restored / has not been restored yet in some places. Angry residents (5) are protesting / are being protested to the local authorities.
2
Escribe estos titulares de periódico con frases completas en voz pasiva. Incluye los artículos donde sea necesario. Example: TWO MEN ARRESTED LAST NIGHT
Two men were arrested last night.
1
A ………………………………………..….
2
The ……………………………...…….
3
3
………………………………………..…...
4
The ………………………………………………….…....
5
A …………………………………………………….................
Escribe preguntas en voz pasiva con las pautas dadas. Example: That’s a wonderful car. Where / made? Where was it made? …………………………………………………. 1 I like that photograph. Where / taken? ………………………………………………..... 2 This camera is very cheap. Where / made? 3 Your house looks different. it / redecorated recently? ………………………………………………… …………………………………………………. 4 Those pictures are beautiful. When / painted? …………………………………………………. 5 Jack looks very happy today. he / promoted? 6 ‘This magazine is very successful.’ ‘Really? How many / sold each week?’
4
………………………………………………….
Transforma las siguientes frases en voz pasiva sin que cambie el significado. Omite el agente si no es necesario.
1 News Corporation sells 3 million copies of The Sun newspaper in Britain every day.
.................................................................................................................................................................
2 Rupert Murdoch owns News Corporation. .......................................................................................... 3 The police have investigated reporters from the company. .............................................................. 4 They arrested a senior editor in March 2012. ...................................................................................... 5 Reporters hacked the phones of famous people. ............................................................................... 6 They stole confidential information. .................................................................................................... 7 Members of Parliament questioned Rupert Murdoch and his son. .................................................. 8 The FBI has opened an investigation. .................................................................................................. 5
Completa el texto con la forma correcta de los verbos entre paréntesis. Scientists have just confirmed that they (1) ______ (detect) signs of intelligent life outside our Solar System. Radio signals (2) ______ (receive) by a NASA space probe at the end of last year. The signals (3) ______ (send) from a galaxy 200,000 light years away. The information (4) ______ (not make) public at that time : they (5) _______ (analyse) by an international team of scientists for the last two months and the NASA experts (6)______ (want) to check the data now. The big question is: Why (7) ______ we ______ (contact)?
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Answer Key Vocabulary 6d 7c
ANSWER KEY VOCABULARY
Habits and lifestyles Exercise 1 1 commute to work 2 checks his emails 3 makes calls 4 has a meeting 5 has a coffee break 6 have a good work-life balance 7 has Friday off 8 goes away 9 lie in bed 10 does exercise 11 does the crossword 12 does voluntary work 13 watches the news 14 eat out Exercise 2 1 Maribel cycles to university. 2 She attends lectures. 3 Yes, she has to present a project to the class. 4 She texts a classmate. 5 Because she has to revise for exams in May. 6 Yes, she uses social networking sites to keep in touch. Exercise 3 1c 2g
3h/d
4e
5i
6a
7h/d
8f
9b
Exercise 4 (suggested answers) 2 I don’t eat out on Mondays I eat out at weekends / once a month / every Sunday (...) 3 I never / don’t have a nap in the afternoons I have a nap every day / at weekends / only on Fridays (...) 4 I never write reports / I sometimes write reports I write reports once a year / at the end of the week (...) 5 I never / hardly ever / don’t usually / don’t often (...) catch a bus I catch a bus everyday / only on weekdays (...) 6 I never do homework I do homework every evening / at weekends (...) 7 I never have a day off I have a day off once a week / twice a month / every month (...) 8 I never / don’t usually surf the Internet I surf the Internet every morning / at night / at weekends (...) 9 I never cut the grass I cut the grass every day / once a week / very rarely (...)
Feelings
Turning points in life
Exercise 1 surprised comfortable confident interested depressed excited angry annoyed bored confused sad relaxed nervous happy foolish tired worried 1 excited 2 bored 3 annoyed / angry 4 confused 5 tired 6 nervous / worried 7 relaxed 8 happy Exercise 2 1 Ursula doesn´t like romantic films but Hugh loves them. 2 Martin likes coffee but /and his girlfriend likes tea. 3 Bill enjoys / likes eating sushi but Sheila hates / can’t stand eating raw fish. 4 My father adores dogs but Sheila doesn´t like them. 5 Bill loves classical music but Sheila doesn´t like it. 6 Anne doesn´t like sport but she doesn´t mind watching football. Exercise 3 1 buy a flat 2 get married / a pet / a degree 3 finish a degree 4 move to a different city 5 get a pet / married / a degree 6 start a family / her own business 7 leave home 8 meet James 9 start her own business / a family Exercise 4 (...) 1980. She finished her degree in 1985. In 1990 she started her own business. In 1995 she bought a flat. In 1996 she met James and they got married in 1998.They started a family in 200 0. In 2003 she / they got a pet. In 2005 they moved to a different city.
Learning languages Exercise 1 1f 2e 3a 4b 5g
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1 reading 2 pronunciation 3 self-study 4 grammar 5 listening
6 motivation 7 learning from mistakes
Exercise 2 1 Keith is very lucky - he has a good ear for languages. 2 I prefer reading to speaking - I’m a bit shy. 3 I like to listen to music when I revise for exams. 4 Making mistakes is part of learning a new language. 5 The important thing is to communicate - don’t worry if you’re right or wrong. Exercise 3 1 You speak too fast when you get nervous. pr / v / adv / adv / conj / pr / v / adj 2 I love fast cars. A good race can be really exciting. pr / v / adj / n / art / adj / n / v (aux) / v / adv / adj 3 Shall I book tickets for a theatre play or do you v (aux) / pr / v / n / prep /art / n / n / conj / v (aux) / pr prefer to watch the race? / v / prep / v / art / n 4 I lost my watch in the pool yesterday. Swimming can pr / v / adj / n / prep / art / n / adv / v / v(aux) / be expensive! v / adj Exercise 4 1 Headword 5 Example
2 Word class 3 Countable / uncountable 4 Definition 6 Different meaning 7 Antonym 8 Synonym
Exercise 5 1 Can you speak more slowly, please? / Could you say that again, 3 do you say please? 2 Can you speak louder, please? lubina in English? 4 Could you say that again, please? 5 does ‘poured’ mean? / does ‘pour’ mean?
Illnesses and treatments Exercise 1 6 a) David has cut his arm 5 b) I think she’s sprained her ankle 4 c) My ear hurts and I’ve got a pain in my neck 3 d) He says he’s got a high temperature. 2 e) She’s got a broken arm. They’ve put it in plaster. 1 f) He’s got a sore stomach. I think he eats too much fatty food. Exercise 2 1 I’ve got a stomach ache / my stomach hurts 2 I’ve got a cough 3 I’ve got a pain in the back / my back hurts / I’ve got a backache 4 I’ve got a sore throat / my throat hurts 5 I’ve got a broken leg / I’ve broken my leg 6 I’ve got a toothache / my tooth hurts 7 I’ve twisted / sprained my ankle Exercise 3 1 suffer from 2 have got a 3 feel 4 cut
c) sleeping pills a) painkillers, appointment d) do, healthy, hard b) put on, room
Exercise 4 1 P: I feel terrible. D: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? P: I’ve got a temperature and a sore throat. D: You’ve got an infection. Take some / these antibiotics, stay in bed and drink liquids. 2 P: I don’t feel well. D: What’s wrong? / What’s the matter? P: I’ve got a cough and I can’t sleep. D: You are stressed. Don’t work so hard.
Answer Key Vocabular ocabulary y 3 a) interviewer
b) salary / holidays
c) holidays / salary
Exercise 3 Personal details: 33, married Education and qualifications: BA Languages: Spanish Employment and work experience: Salesman, to Other skills, interests and hobbies: cooking Personal goals: learn
Exercise 1 1 Blue 2 Witty 3 A practical joke 5 Sitcoms 6 He’s a comedian Exercise 2 1 black humour 4 laugh; funny
Exercise 4 1 Why do you want to work for us? (d) 2 Do you have any work experience? (g) 3 What are you good at? (b) 4 What are your bad points? (e) 5 Do you prefer working alone or in a team? (a) 6 What is your greatest achievement? (f) 7 What are your interests? (c)
Family rules
Leisure activiti activities es
Exercise 2 1 You can hang out with friends at the weekends. // You mustn’t hang out with friends late at night / after 11. 2 You mustn’t play computer games after 11 / late at night. // You can play computer games at the weekend. 3 You must finish your homework before you watch TV. 4 You must keep your clothes in your wardrobe. 5 You can go for bike rides in the countryside / at the weekends. // You mustn’t go for bike rides late at night / after 11. 6 You mustn’t go to bed late at night / after 11. Exercise 3 1 Will likes to hang out with friends at the weekends. 2 When his mother is tired, Nick sometimes helps with the shopping. 3 George hates school. He often plays truant. 4 Ver Veronica onica goes out late on Sunday nights, so she’s always tired on Mondays. 5 John is very tidy – he always knows where everything is. 6 The baby made a mess in the kitchen – her milk was all over the floor. 7 I’m going to do housework next Saturday morning. Exercise 4 1 don’t have 2 well behaved 3 gives me a lot of advice 4 argue 5 trust me 6 discuss 7 complain about 8 rude
Advertising 2 advertising
3 advertisers
4 ad
Exercise 2 1 An advertising manager 2 A TV commercial 4 A jingle 5 Catchy 6 Exclusive
2 sarcastic 5 humorous
Exercise 3 1 crazy about 5 happy about
Exercise 1 1 go to bed 2 do your homework 3 play truant from school 4 be clean and organised 5 drink alcohol 6 play loud music
Exercise 1 1 advertise
Humour Adjectives + prepositions Word formation: formation: nouns ending in -tion , -ness , -ment
5 advertisements 3 A slogan
4 The punchline
3 sense of humour 6 intelligent
2 famous for 3 interested in 4 frightened of 6 worried about 7 proud of 8 good at
Exercise 4 1 Candidates must pass a medical examination to work for this company. 2 There was a lot of excitement in the audience as they waited for the comedy show to start. presenter.. The rest of the stage was in 3 The spotlight fell on the presenter darkness. 4 The comedian was terrible. He lost his concentration several times and missed the punchlines. 5 The meeting was long but we finally reached an agreement that satisfied everyone.
Musical styles and instrum instruments ents Exercise 1 3 5
F
L
1
2
P
O
J A M E Z Z
P U N K
4
B
S O U L
U
8 R
E
G
O 9 C K
O
U
7 8
C
6
S
G
O P E R A
N
T
R
Exercise 3 1 a composer 2 a film soundtrack 3 headphones 4 mp3 players / i-Pods 5 loudspeakers 6 an orchestra Exercise 4 1 band 2 album 3 music 4 tour 5 concerts 7 lyrics 8 songwriter 9 downloaded 10 i-Pod
Exercise 1 1 parades 2 fireworks 3 presents 6 bonfires 7 carnival 8 pancakes
4 costumes
Exercise 4 1c 2a
Exercise 3 1 A music festival 2 A beer festival 3 An annual sporting event 4 A celebration of Scottish culture 5 A religious festival 6 A special occasion for married couples 7 A special day for fathers
5b
6e
Exercise 5 catchy, isn’t it? 1 (picture d) A: that jingle B: very catchy, 2 (picture c) A: a special offer B: get one free 3 (picture a) A: TV commercials come on B: entertaining 4 (picture b) A: advertising advertising campaign B: ‘Come to the Cside’ Cside’
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6 live
Traditions, festivals and public holidays
Exercise 2 1 pancakes 2 fireworks; bonfires 3 carnival 5 parades 6 decorations 7 costumes
4d
Y
Exercise 2 1 saxophonist / saxophone player 2 pianist / piano player 3 bass player 4 keyboard player 5 guitarist / guitar player 6 drummer 7 electric guitar player 8 violinist / violin player
Exercise 3 1 It is very informative 2 it was entertaining 3 they make you laugh 4 promoting 5 annoying 6 pay attention to 3f
E
5 decorations
4 presents
d) Woodstock f) Oktoberfest a) The FA Cup Final e) St Andrew’s Day b) Easter g) A wedding anniversary c) Father’s Day
Answer Key Grammar Present simple / Present continuous
2 Should they go to an Indian restaurant? No, they shouldn’t. 3 Should he try to learn Chinese? No, he shouldn’t. 4 Should they go to Vietnam for their honeymoon? No, they shouldn’t 5 Should he visit Asturias in Spain during his holiday? Yes, he should
Exercise 1 1b 2f
Obligation: must have to Necessity: need to
ANSWER KEY GRAMMAR
3e
Exercise 2 1 are you working 5 Is she looking for
4c
5h
6a
7g
8d
2 Do you like 3 Do you eat 6 Does he prefer
4 is Kate doing
Exercise 3 1 is running 2 never eats 3 OK 4 do you usually do 5 isn’t raining 6 I don’t need 7 OK 8 isn’t playing
[*] ‘Must I...?’ no es tan habitual
Exercise 4 1 am sitting 2 is shining 3 don’t open 4 wants 5 is shopping 6 needs 7 are walking 8 don’t want 9 Is it raining 10 I’m feeling 11 is playing 12 is working 13 never gets 14 don’t want 15 are having 16 hate 17 I’m waiting 18 usually stays
Past simple Past time clauses How long? and and For Exercise 1 1 passed 2 left 3 didn’t go 4 studied 7 fell 8 didn’t want 9 bought 10 got
5 found [*] 6 met 11 had 12 started
[*] 5: ‘got’ también es posible, pero se necesita para 10
Exercise 2 1 How long did Kate and Alan work together? They worked together for three years. 2 When did they get married? They got married in 2005. 3 How long did Alan work in France? He worked there for three months. Venice? They went there last month. [*] 4 When did they go to Venice? 5 When did they have a baby? They had a baby two years ago. [*] 4: No es posible ‘How long did they go to Venice for?They went to Venice Venice for a month’ porque necesitaríamos tener en la pregunta ‘a month’ o ‘one month’
Exercise 3 1 Julie didn’t start school when she was four years old. She started school when she was five (years old). 2 She didn’t play hockey before she went t o university. She started playing hockey when she went to university. 3 She didn’t take a trip round the world after she moved to South Africa. She took a trip round the world before she moved to South Africa. 4 She didn’t buy a house before she went back to England. She bought a house when (/ after) she went back to England. 5 She didn’t become a professional photographer when she was in South Africa. She became a professional photographer after she went back to England. Exercise 4 1 Sarah started school when she was 4. 2 After I left school I went into the army. 3 The first time I fell in love I was 14. 4 Before I went to England I didn’t speak any English. 5 When I lived with my parents I didn’t go out every night.
Permission: can can’t may may not Advice: should shouldn’t Exercise 1 1 Can I turn on the TV? 2 May I take a photo? 3 May I use the toilet? 4 Can /may I bring the dog with me? 5 Can / may I touch the animals / the monkey? Exercise 2 1 You may / can wear jeans but you may not / cannot wear shorts. 2 You can pay cash but you cannot pay with a credit card. 3 You may / can look at the painting but you may not / cannot touch the painting. [*] 4 You can borrow 20 € but you cannot borrow 100 €. 5 You may / can drink water but you may not / cannot drink beer.
[*]
[*]
[*] Es más probable que se utilice ‘may’ si quien habla tiene cierta autoridad.
Exercise 3 1 You should buy a good bilingual dictionary. dictionary. 2 You should try to learn five new new words every day. 3 You should try to make English-speaking friends. friends. 4 You shouldn’t try to speak too fast. 5 You shouldn’t worry if you don’t understand native speakers. 6 You shouldn’t forget to do your homework. Exercise 4 1 Should she visit the Prado Museum? Yes, she should.
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Exercise 1 1 must listen to / have to listen to 2 Do I have to go [*] 3 must talk to / have to talk to 4 must read / has to read 5 must get / have to get 6 Do they have to take Exercise 2 1 I have to help her with her revision. 2 He has to go to the dentist. 3 I have to buy her a present. 4 I have to get a new one. 5 They have to wash it. 6You have to change your glasses. Exercise 3 1 Do I / we have to / Do I / we need to fasten our seatbelts? 2 Do I have to pay a fine? [*] 3 Do I / we have to / Do I / we need to speak English in class? [*] 4 Do I have to / Do I need to take my passport? 5 Do I have to / Do I need to take antibiotics? 6 Do I have to work this afternoon? [*] [*] ‘need to’ también es posible, pero es más natural con have to, por la situación; con have to se enfatiza la idea de obligación, y con need t o la de necesidad.
Exercise 4 1 Ethan has to /must help in the garden. [*] 2 Ellie has to / needs to / must study. 3 Andrew needs to / has to / must fix his bicycle. 4 Colin has to / must walk the dog /take the dog for a walk. [*] 5 Gwen has to / needs to / must make a cake. 6 Jess and Matt have to / need to / must choose a name for their baby. 7 Janine has to / must pay for the broken cup [*] [*] ‘need to’ sería menos natural.
Exercise 5 1 Do they must take off their shoes before they come in? have to 2 Jane lives outside the city so she have take a train daily. has to 3 Have you to carry your ID card always? Do you have 4 I can’t come out – I need finish my homework. need to 5 We don’t have any tickets - need we get to the cinema early? Do we need to
Questions
Time expressions
Exercise 1 Anne: What (1) do you do / are you doing on your laptop now? Joe: I’m checking checking how to get to the Killers concert. (2) Have you ever seen / Did you ever seen them? A: No, I haven’t. J: (3) You want / Do you want to come? A: (4) Have you got / Do you have got tickets? J: Yes, I got them this morning. A: What time (5) does it starts? / does it start? J: At nine. A: Great. (6) Can Tina come / Can come Tina too? J: I’ve only got two tickets. A: OK, don’t worry. (7) Do we need to / Need we be there early? J: No, I think 8.30 is fine. What time (8) do / does you have to be home? A: I can’t stay out after midnight. (9) Should we / Do we should eat something before the concert? J: Yes, we should. (10) Are you going to / Do you go to be at band practice tomorrow? A: Yes. We can decide where to meet tomorrow. J: Fine. Bye! Exercise 2 1 When does the flight leave? 2 Must we be at the airport two hours before departure? 3 How much does the airport bus cost? 4 Where is our hotel? 5 When did it open? 6 Do they serve breakfast? 7 Can you smoke in the hotel? 8 What should we visit? Exercise 3 1 Was your hotel OK? 2 How did you get around the city? Were ere English people friendly? 3 W 4 Where did you have your meals? 5 What do Londoners do in the evening? 6 How much did the British Museum cost? 7 When did you get back? 8 Did you buy me a present?
Answer Key Grammar Exercise 4 1 Phil plays tennis once a month 2 Brad and Linda go on holiday twice a year but they hardly ever travel by plane 3 Daphne goes abroad once a year 4 Brad and Linda play tennis every evening 5 Daphne plays tennis every day 6 Phil goes abroad five times a year 7 Brad and Linda are 8 Phil had a holiday in April 2011 going abroad next month
Exercise 1 1 Are you going to watch it? 2 We are going to buy her a present and Lily is going to make a birthday cake. 3 I am not going to invite him to the party. 4 When are you going to wash it? 5 We are not going to eat in that restaurant again.
What (a)…! How…! Use and omission of the definite article
Exercise 2 1 She isn’t playing tennis before work on Monday. She’s playing tennis after work. 2 She isn’t having dinner with the girls on Wednesday evening. She’s having dinner with them on Tuesday. 3 She isn’t going to the gym on Tuesday morning. She’s going on Wednesday morning. 4 She isn’t seeing the dentist on Friday. She’s seeing the dentist on Thursday. 5 She isn’t having a party on Thursday. She’s having it on Saturday.
Exercise 1 1 great news
2 a pity
3 beautiful
4 exciting
5 an awful job
Exercise 2 1 What amazing sunglasses! / How amazing! 2 What an incredible concert! / How incredible! 3 What a disgusting meal! / How disgusting! 4 What wonderful cars! / How wonderful! 5 What a fantastic view! / How fantastic! 6 What a beautiful dress! / How beautiful! Exercise 3 1 Harry hates exams / the exams, but Science exams / the Science exams that he had yesterday were not too difficult. 2 My sister likes bright clothes / t he bright clothes. She thinks dark clothes / the dark clothes are boring. 3 This is a good cinema. Seats / The seats are very comfortable and the tickets/ tickets are cheap. 4 My favourite sport is tennis / the tennis. Tennis club / The tennis club at my sports centre is fantastic. 5 It’s hard for young people / the young people to find work nowadays. 6 I went swimming yesterday. Water / The water was freezing. 7 John always wears sunglasses / the sunglasses because he has a problem with his eyes. 8 I never go to Luigi’s Pizzas. Food / The food is expensive and waiters / the waiters are really rude. Exercise 4 1 the 2Ø 6 The 7 the
3Ø 8 the
4Ø 9 The
5 the 10 the
Adjectives: comparative and superlative forms (not) as … as / less … than too … / not … enough Exercise 1 1 George is friendlier than Jo. 2 A Ford is cheaper than a Mercedes. 3 Our French teacher is more patient than our English teacher. 4 Monica is better than Karen. 5 Will is less sociable than Jean. 6 Edinburgh is further than Liverpool from London. 7 Nathalie is more polite than Naomi. 8 Mike is fitter than Ron. Exercise 2 1 Madrid is the biggest / most dangerous city in Spain. 2 Antarctica is the coldest continent in the world. 3 U2 is the most successful / most famous rock band in Ireland. 4 The Statue of Liberty is the most famous monument in New York. 5 The Caribbean is the deepest / most dangerous sea in the world. 6 Mont Blanc is the highest mountain in Europe. 7 Rio de Janeiro is the most dangerous / most famous city in Brazil. 8 Shakespeare is the best / most famous / most successful writer in the English language. Exercise 3 1 Edinburgh is not as cold as Aberdeen. /Edinburgh is less cold than Aberdeen. 2 Andrew’s brother is not as talented as Andrew. / Andrew’s brother is less talented than Andrew. 3 A Porsche is as fast as a Ferrari. 4 French isn’t as difficult as Russian. /French is less difficult t han Russian. 5 Chinese products aren’t as good as German products. 6 Jim is as tall as his girlfriend. Exercise 4 2 The coffee is too hot. It is not cold enough. 3 The exam is too difficult. It is not easy enough. 4 His hair is too long. It is not short enough. 5 The bag is too expensive. It is not cheap enough.
Be going to + infinitive Present continuous Verb patterns
Exercise 3 1 Are you going to study at university next year, Clare? 2 He is 3 Why is Frankie leaving tomorrow? having dinner with Lizzie. 4 What time are your friends arriving? Exercise 4 1 to improve, to understand 4 to check 5 to come back 9 working
2 speaking, writing 6 taking 7 to stay
3 learning 8 to answer
Present perfect simple with ever and never Present perfect simple vs past simple Exercise 1 1 He has eaten snake. 2 He has appeared on TV many times. 3 He has never been into space. 4 He has written many books. 5 He has never lived in Japan. 6 He has never sailed round the world alone. Exercise 2 1 Have you ever played basketball? 2 Have you ever eaten 3 Have you ever flown a helicopter? 4 Have you ever snake? 5 Have you ever ridden a horse? 6 Have you met a celebrity? 7 Have you ever driven a Ferrari? 8 Have ever been skiing? you ever broken your arm? Exercise 3 1 has visited never played
2 went 3 have, seen 4 watched 5 have 6 didn’t come 7 worked 8 has written, won
Exercise 4 1 Yes, I have. I visited France and Switzerland last year. / Yes, I have. I went to France in June and to Switzerland in November last year. 2 Yes, I have. I met Daniel Craig at a film premiere. 3 Yes, I have. I had snails and a delicious steak in Paris in June. 4 Yes, I have. I broke my arm skiing in November. 5 No, I haven’t. I hate it!
Present perfect simple con for , since , already , yet Exercise 1 1 for 2 since
3 since
4 for
5 since
6 for
Exercise 2 1 How long have Sue and George been workmates? They have been workmates since last May. 2 How long has Patrick lived in France? He has lived in France for ten years. 3 How long has Julie liked rock music? She has liked rock music since she was a child. 4 How long have you had those shoes? I’ve had these shoes for two weeks. 5 How long has Rory known Carmen? Rory has known Carmen since they were at university. Exercise 3 1 He’s already done it. 2 No thanks, I’ve already had one. 3 No, they’ve already watched it. 4 She’s already bought them. 5 I’ve already washed them. Exercise 4 1 M: Have you met your tutor yet? A: No, I haven’t met my tutor yet. 2 M: Have you had your first class yet? A: Yes, I’ve already had my first class.
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Answer Key Grammar 3 M: Have you bought a new computer yet? A: Yes, I’ve already bought a new computer. 4 M: Have you written a letter to Gran yet? A: No, I haven’t written a letter to Gran yet. 5 M: Have you got your student card yet? A: No, I haven’t got my student card yet. Exercise 5 1 He hasn’t woken up yet. 2 They haven’t started playing yet. 3 He hasn’t sold his car yet. 4 They haven’t taken off yet. 5 They haven’t finished watching the film yet.
Used to
Mustn’t
Don’t need to / don’t have to
Exercise 1 1 They used to argue a lot. 2 He used to play rugby. 3 They used to go out a lot. 4 He used to watch horror films. 5 They used to eat unhealthy food. Exercise 2 1 used to listen 2 used to read 3 Do you go 4 Did you use to live 5 didn’t use to drink / never used to drink 6 goes 7 didn’t use to do yoga / never used to do yoga. 8 delete question mark Exercise 3 1 You mustn’t use your mobile phone. 2You mustn’t use this gate. 3You mustn’t park here. 4 You mustn’t bring dogs here. 5 You mustn’t take glass into the pool area. Exercise 4 1 don´t need to / don´t have to 2 mustn’t 3 don’t need to / don´t have to 4 don’t need to / don´t have to 5 mustn’t 6 don’t need to / don´t have to 7 mustn’t 8 don’t need to / don’t have to
If – sentences type I Exercise 1 1 walk, will catch 4 increase, won’t
So … that
2 won’t, buys 3 will happen, try 5 doesn’t 6 Will, ask
Exercise 2 1 If Joe has enough money, he‘ll buy / will buy a new camera. 2 Don’t go to the beach tomorrow if it rains 3 Will you lend me some money if I pay you back this week? 4 If the restaurant is full, we‘ll go / will go to a different one. 5 If Ted doesn’t feel well, he won’t come with us t his evening. 6 You won’t pass your exam if you don’t work harder. 7 If the children are hungry, we ‘ll have / will have lunch now. Exercise 3 1 Jane was so tired that she slept for twelve hours. 2 The exam was so long that the students couldn’t finish it. 3 The weather was so hot that they spent all day on the beach. 4 The drink was so delicious that Frank had another glass. 5 The hotel was so expensive that nobody stayed there. 6 Their new car was so big that it didn’t fit into the garage. 7 The film was so long that we left before the end. 8 She was so talented that the company offered her a job. Exercise 4 1 If I feel / get hungry, I will / I’ll go to a restaurant OR If I feel / get hungry, I will / I’ll make / have a sandwich 2 If I feel / get bored today, I will / I’ll watchTV OR If I feel / get bored today, I will / I’ll go for a walk 3 If friends come over for dinner tonight, I will / I’ll make a cake. OR If friends come over for dinner tonight, I will / I’ll buy some wine. 4 If I have time at the weekend, I will / I’ll clean the house. OR If I have time at the weekend, I will / I’ll do exercise / go to the gym. 5 If we miss the bus, we will / we’ll take a taxi. OR If we miss the bus, we will / we’ll walk / go on foot.
Agreeing and disagreeing: me too me neither I do I don’t I am I’m not... Word order with two objects Exercise 1 1 Me neither
2 Me too
Exercise 2 1 I don’t 2 I don’t 7 I do 8 I haven’t
3 Me neither
3 We did
4 I was
4 Me too 5 I am
5 Me neither 6 I can
Exercise 3 1 He sent his girlfriend an email. 2 She bought her mother an expensive birthday present. 3 I sold my old car to Kevin. 4 They
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5 We gave Jane a cooked a lovely meal for their grandmother. 6 Victoria chose a new dress for her daughter. beautiful necklace. Exercise 4 1 Colin bought a nice present for Stella. 2 Linda cooked Ron a 3 I passed John the wine. 4 Val special dinner on his birthday. 5 I brought some flowers for lent her car to Norman last night. 6 We gave Paul the keys before we Lily when she was in hospital. 7 I sent a text message to Zoe but she didn’t get it. left the house. 8 Keith made Pam roast beef , but she’s a vegetarian! Exercise 5 (suggested answers) 1 Jake sent / bought some flowers to his girlfriend. 2 The children made / bought a cake for their grandmother. 3 Helen lent Peter some money. 4 Dan told Nicholas a funny story. 5 Irene brought /bought us a nice bottle of wine.
Defining relative clauses with who , which , that Prefer Exercise 1 1d 2f
3b
4a
5c
6e
Exercise 2 1 Reggae is a musical style which / that began in Jamaica. 2 Lana del Rey is a singer who / that first became famous on the Internet. 3 I have a friend who is a big fan of Bono and U2. 4 My brother has bought a guitar which / that cost a thousand pounds. 5 Joey’s hobby is collecting records which / that are from the 1950s. 6 We have a new French teacher who / that comes from Toulouse. 7 My parents gave me some new speakers which / that sound really great. 8 Kelly has a girlfriend who / that plays in a rock band. Exercise 3 1 The Titanic was a ship which sank in 1912. 2 Cristiano Ronaldo is a footballer who plays for Real Madrid. 3 Hip hop is a musical style which started in cities in the US. 4 Apple is the computer company which invented the iPad. 5 Angelina Jolie is the actress who played Lara Croft. 6 Schumacher is a racing driver who won seven Formula 1 Championships. Exercise 4 1 She doesn’t like rock music. She prefers opera. She prefers opera to rock music. She prefers listening to opera than listening to rock music 2 She doesn’t like skirts. She prefers jeans. She prefers skirts to jeans / She prefers wearing skirts to wearing jeans. 3 She doesn’t like horror films. She prefers romantic comedy films. She prefers romantic comedy films to horror films. She prefers watching romantic comedy films to watching horror films 4 She doesn’t like driving cars. She prefers riding motorbikes. She prefers motorbikes to cars. She prefers riding motorbikes to driving cars. 5 She doesn’t like skiing. She prefers surfing. She prefers surfing to skiing. She prefers doing surfing to skiing.
Contrast clauses: but although however on the one hand ... on the other hand Indefinite pronouns Exercise 1 1 Pat went to a bullfight last week but she didn’t enjoy it. 2 Sam likes going out with friends but Sally prefers staying at home. 3 They usually go to Spain in the summer but this year they are going to Greece. 4 I went to bed late last night but I got to work on time this morning. Exercise 2 1 Although 4 Although
2 However 5 However
3 although 6 although
Exercise 3 1 On the one hand, they attract lots of tourists. On the other hand, all the hotels and restaurants put up their prices. 2 On the one hand, I know she likes the family to be together. On the other hand, my brother’s wife will be there and I don’t like her. 3 On the one hand, it’s nice to have lots of money. On the other hand, it’s difficult to have a private life. Exercise 4 1 anywhere
2 Somebody
3 something
4 Everybody
Answer Key Grammar 5 anything 6 anybody 7 somewhere 9 anywhere 10 something
8 nothing
Exercise 5 1 anything 2 somebody / someone 3 Everybody / Everyone 4 something 5 anywhere 6 anything 7 somewhere 8 nothing
Exercise 5 1 A lot of people live in China. 2 Bill Gates has a lot of money. 3 Not many astronauts have walked on the moon. 4 Cactuses 5 To print a document, fir st you don’t need much water to live. put paper in the printer. Then you press the print button.
Past continuous Past continuous + past simple with while and when Prepositions of movement
Adverbs of manner Comparison of adverbs Asking for confirmation
Exercise 1 1 …was buying food at the supermarket. 2 …was driving. 3 …were playing golf. 4 …was having a shower. 5 …were having dinner in a restaurant.
Exercise 1 1 She is shouting angrily. 2 It is snowing heavily. 3 They / The 4 He is running fast. home team are playing badly. 5 He is singing loudly. 6 They are waiting nervously.
Exercise 2 1 What was Tom wearing at the party last night? 2 Why was the baby crying this morning? 3 Where were you going when I saw you yesterday? 4 Who were you calling when I saw you last night? 5 What was Sheila doing at 3 o’clock this morning? 6 Why was Kate dancing with Trevor at your party?
Exercise 2 1 fantastic, wonderfully 2 patiently, well 3 bad, terribly 4 heavily, fast, dangerous 5 carefully 6 quietly
Exercise 3 1 Jane was watching TV when / while Lily phoned. 2 It started snowing when / while we were driving home. 3 When / while I was waiting for the bus I met a really interesting girl. 4 Liz was having breakfast when / while she started to feel sick. 5 Sophie broke her arm when / while she was playing football. Exercise 4 1 into 2 out of
3 along
4 through
5 down
6 across
Exercise 5 1 had 2 was driving 3 saw 4 was wearing 5 wasn’t wearing 6 stopped 7 got 8 was 9 didn’t take off 10 had 11 started 12 drove 13 noticed 14 was running 15 wasn’t looking 16 was watching 17 took off 18 turned 19 opened 20 were 21 was moving 22 woke up 23 was sweating 24 didn’t feel
Possibility: may might can Exercise 1 1 might not go; might come 3 might not win, might play
Hope
2 might stay, might drive 4 might be, might not want
Exercise 2 1 It may / might snow tomorrow. 2 They may / might not come to the meeting. 3 Sue may / might not have time to see you. 4 I may / might get a new job. 5 We may / might not be here next year. 6 Pete may / might lend us some money. Exercise 3 1 Well, we can go to the cinema or we can have dinner with Keith and Margie. 2 Well, you can watch a bullfight or you can visit the Prado. 3 Well, you can go by plane or you can take the train. 4 Well, you can join Greenpeace or you can contact local politicians. 5 Well, you can talk to your boss or you can change jobs. 6 Well, you can take it to the garage or you can buy a new one. Exercise 4 1 Harry hopes to buy a Mercedes next year. 2 He hopes that David 3 He hopes to start playing golf. 4 He hopes gets a good job. 5 He hopes to visit the Golden Gate that David gets married soon. Bridge next year. 6 He hopes that David has lots of kids.
Asking for and giving instructions
Quantifiers
Exercise 1 1 open the cover 2 put in the battery 3 put in the memory card 4 close the cover 5 turn on the camera Exercise 2 1 do I do first 2 you check 3 then do I start moving 5 like this 6 wait a minute Exercise 3 1 a lot of 2 many 3 much / a lot of lot of 6 a lot of 7 many 8 a lot of
4 how do I start
4 a lot of
5 much / a
Exercise 4 1 a few ideas, a little time 2 a few words, a little French 3 a few days, a little information
Exercise 3 1 Kate drives more dangerously than George. = George doesn’t drive as dangerously as Kate. / George drives less dangerously than Kate. / George drives more carefully than Kate. 2 Rory plays tennis worse than Gerry.= Gerry doesn’t play tennis as badly as Rory. / Gerry plays less badly than Rory. / Gerry plays better than Rory. 3 Lola speaks English better / more fluently than Ana.= Ana doesn’t speak English as well / as fluently as Lola. / Ana speaks English less well / less fluently than Lola. / Ana speaks English worse than Lola. 4 Kitty runs faster than Bonzo.= Bonzo doesn’t run as fast as Kitty. / Bonzo runs less fast than Kitty. / Bonzo runs more slowly than Kitty. 5 Louise works harder than Larry. = Larry doesn’t work as hard as Louise. / Larry works less hard than Louise. 6 Paula eats more healthily than Karen.= Karen doesn’t eat as healthily as Paula./ Karen eats less healthily than Paula. / Karen eats more unhealthily than Paula. Exercise 4 1 Doesn’t the concert start at 8 o’clock? - Does it? 2 Isn’t Liv Tyler the daughter of a rock star? - Is she? 3 Didn’t Eva Green appear in a James bond film? - Did she? 4 Hasn’t Bruce Springsteen performed in Madrid three times? - Has he? 5 Isn’t Shakira singing at Rock in Rio this year? - Is she? 6 Didn’t Daniel Craig and Rachel Weisz get married in Barbados? - Did they?
Passive voice Exercise 1 A major hurricane (1) devastated the eastern United States last week. Many houses (2) were destroyed, sea water (3) covered the streets in several towns and electricity (4) has not been restored yet in some places. Angry residents (5) are protesting to the local authorities. Exercise 2 1 A diamond has been stolen from a millionaire’s mansion. 2 The Cup Final was watched by 100,000 people last Saturday. 3 Thousands of pets are killed on the roads every year. 4 The missing boy has been found alive and well. 5 A man was attacked by a dog yesterday. Exercise 3 1 Where was it taken? 2 Where was it made? 3 Has it been redecorated recently? 4 When were they painted? 5 Has he been promoted? 6 How many magazines / copies are sold each week? Exercise 4 1 3 million copies of The Sun newspaper are sold in Britain every day. 2 News Corporation is owned by Rupert Murdoch. 3 Reporters from the company have been investigated (by the police). 4 A senior editor was arrested in March 2012. 5 The phones of famous people were hacked by reporters. 6 Confidential information was stolen. 7 Rupert Murdoch and his son were questioned by Members of Parliament. 8 An investigation has been opened by the FBI. Exercise 5 1 have detected 2 were received 3 were sent 4 wasn’t made 5 have been analysed 6 want 7 were we contacted
93
Index a bit of
80
dreams
accessories
16
education
22
adjectives + prepositions
30
(adjective +) enough
58
adverbs of manner
82
environment
38
advertising
28
ever
62
a few
80
after
48
everybody, everyone, e verything, everywhere
74
agreeing
70
a little
80
a lot of
80
already
64
although
74
ambitions and achievements
22
feelings
8
festivals
34
films
42
for giving instructions
habits
48, 64 80 6, 20
have to
52
74
(don’t) have to
66
arrangements
20
health
12
as … as
58
holidays
34
asking for confirmation
82
hope
78
asking for instructions
80
how...!
56
bad habits
20
however
74
before
48
how long?
48
be going to
60
humour
30
behaviour
18
if-sentences
68
but
74
illness
12
by
84
indefinite pronouns
74
instruments (musical)
32
anybody, anyone, anything, anywhere
can
94
22, 36
50, 78
celebrations
34
intentions
20
cinema
42
Internet
40
clothes
16
job hunting
24
comparison of adjectives
58
(a) job interview
24
comparison of adverbs
82
language learning
10
computers
40
leisure
26
contrast clauses
74
less … than
58
CV
24
lifestyles
defining relative clauses
72
many
definite article
56
may
disagreeing
70
media
44
disasters
38
might
78
6 80 50, 78
Index modal verbs
50
rules
26
much
80
should
50
music
32
show business
42
must
52
since
64
mustn’t
66
sleep
36
national days
34
need to
52
somebody, someone, something, somewhere
74
(don’t) need to
66
so … that
68
never
62
sport
22
news
44
that
72
nobody, no one, nothing, nowhere
74
theatre
42
time expressions
54
on the one hand … on the other hand
74
too + adjective
58
passive voice
84
traditions
34
past continuous
76
travel
22 14 12
past simple
48, 76
past time clauses
48
travelling (by plane / train)
personal biography
22
treatments
personal details
18
turning points in life
personality
18
TV
44
places to live
22
used to
66
plans
20
using the dictionary
10
politics
44
prefer
72
venues
42
verb patterns
60
verbs of movement
36 56
prepositions of movement
76
8
present continuous
46, 60
what (a)…!
present perfect simple
62, 64
when
48, 76
present perfect simple vs past simple
62
which
72
present simple
46
while
76
press
44
who
72
quantifiers
80
word formation
30
questions
54
word order
70
radio
44
work
22
recycling
38
working conditions
24
relationships
22
world wide web
40
resolutions
20
yet
64
THAT’S ENGLISH!
95
