VMC 311 : Systematic Veterinary Bacteriology and Mycology (2+1)
STREPTOCOCCI Fill up the blanks with suitable words 1. In Streptococci chain formation is due to the cocci dividing in _________ plane 2. Pyogenic Streptococci are ___________ and ______________. 3. ______________ toxin is employed in diagnosis of Scarlet fever. 4. Rebecca Lancefield identified 19 groups of Streptococci and named it as _______. _______. 5. Selective media for Streptococci is _______________ is ______________________. _______. 6. For demonstration of Streptococci haemolysis _______ agar is commonly used. 7. Lancefield classification is mainly based on _____ antigen of the cell wall. 8. Strangles is caused by _____________. Write True or False 1.
Streptococci are catalase and oxidase negative
2.
The capsule of Streptococci pyogenes is pyogenes is made up of polysaccharide.
3.
When Streptococci treated with penicillin, spheroplast form will occur.
4.
S. salivarius is an enterococci
5.
Beta haemolytic Streptococci produce complete haemolysis.
6.
The viridans Streptococci are beta haemolytic
7.
Beta haemolytic Streptococci are non pathogenic.
8.
Lancefield classified gamma haemolytic Streptococci based on the nature of a carbohydrate antigen of the cell wall.
9.
Griffth typing of Streptococci is mainly based on agglutination test.
10. Enterococcus avium is the member of Lancefield group streptococci. 11. Streptolysin O is a oxygen and heat stable haemolysin
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12. Streptolysin S is very potent cardiotoxic. 13. The toxin streptokinase gives Schultz -charlton reaction. 14. Streptodornases are deoxyribonucleases 15. Hyaluronidase favours the spread of streptococci infection along inter cellular spaces. Write short notes 1.
Dick test
2.
Griffth typing
3.
Viridans
4.
Beta haemolysis
5.
Serum opacity factor
6.
Strangles
7.
Hotis test
8.
Strangles
9.
Streptokinase
10.
Scarlet fever
Write short answers 1. Different types of Streptococci Streptococci haemolysis 2. Toxins of Streptococci 3. Lancefield group of Streptococci 4. List the virulence factors of streptococci 5. Mastitis streptococci 6. In what sorts of infection are alpha-type streptococci found? How are they transmitted? What is their usual habitat? 7. Which streptococcal species are usually prevalent in mastitis in cows? 8. Describe the appearance of alpha, beta, and gamma types of streptococci in blood-agar plates.
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9. List five extracellular products of streptococci. What are their characteristics. 10. What is the relationship of pneumococci to streptococci? What is their normal habitat? How do they resemble and differ from alphatype streptococci? Write an essay of the following 1. Write in detail about morphology, biochemical characters, toxins, pathogenesis and diagnosis of Strangles S trangles 2. Write in detail about classification of Streptococci with examples. 3. Morphology, cultural characteristics, extra cellular products and diseases produced by Streptococcus.
STAPHYLOCCCUS
Fill up the blanks with suitable words 1. Botryomycosis in horse is caused by _________ 2. Staphylococcus hyicus cause hyicus cause ____________ in pigs. 3. Selective media for staphylococci is _____________ 4. Staphylococcus citreus produces citreus produces ________ pigment on nutrient agar. 5. Hot cold lysis is mainly due to ___________ toxin of Staphylococcus. 6. The CAMP test is based on the partial haemolysis of the ______ toxin of Staphylococci. 7. On Blood agar Staphylococcus releases V factor which favours the growth of ______
organism.
8. To demonstrate coagulase test ________ plasma is commonly used. 9. Staphylococcus enterotoxins cause _________ in humans. Write True or False 1. Staphylococci are catalase +ve and oxidase negative 2. Coagulase negative Staphylococci are pathogenic
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3. S. aureus causes bumble foot in poultry. 4. The word staphyle means twisted or coiled bacilli. 5. Tick pyaemia in 2-4weeks old lambs is caused by S.aureus. 6. Coagulative staphylococci are arranged in grapes like structure. 7. Staphylococci are not able to grow in the media containing 7-10% NaCl. 8. S.aureus strains from dogs produce golden yellow colonies on nutrient agar. 9. S.aureus produces double haemolysis when blood agar plate is incubated at 37°C. 10. All catalase positive Staphylococci are pathogenic. 11. Pathogenic Staphylococci coagulate rabbit plasma is the basis of coagulase test. 12. Chemically the beta haemolysins of Staphylococci are phospholipase C. 13. Gamma hamolysins of S.aureus produces complete haemolysis. 14. Staphylococcal scaled skin syndrome in dogs is produced by enterotoxins. 15. Gangrenous mastitis in cattle is mainly due to alpha toxin of staphylococci 16.
Oxidase
test
is
highly
useful
Streptococci. Write short notes 1.
Botryomycosis
2.
Greasy pig disease
3.
Bumble foot
4.
Wing rot
5.
Double haemolysis
6.
Hot cold lysis phenomenon
7.
CAMP test
8.
Coagulase test
9.
Hyaluronidase
10. Enterotoxin 11. Dermonecrotoxin
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to
differentiate
Staphylococci
and
Write short answers 1) Haemolysins of Staphylococci 2) Antigens and Toxins of Staphylococci 3) Pathogenesis of Staphylococci 4) Role of toxins in staphylococcal pathogenesis 5) Name
several
extracellular
enzymes
produced
by
staphylococci.
Describe properties of each. 6) How are Staphylococci identified in case of epidemics? 7) What tests are employed for diagnosis of mastitis in cattle? 8) Elaborate on the different types of haemolysins produced by these organisms? 9) Differentiate between a virulent staphylococcus and micrococcus Write an essay of the following 1) Enumerate the causative agents of bovine mastitis. Write in detail about morphology, biochemical characters, toxins, pathogenesis and diagnosis of gangrenous mastitis. 2) Describe about the antigenic nature, extra cellular products and diagnosis of Staphylococcus aureus infection in animals. 3) Describe the morphology, habitat, cultural and biochemical characters of different species of staphylococci. List out the various toxins and enzymes produced by them. CLOSTRIDIUM Fill up the blanks with suitable words 1) Based
on
pathognesis
clostridia
classified
into
_________,
_________ and ___________. 2) All
Clostridia
are
motile
except
_________
and
_____________________. 3) All
Clostridia
are
non
and___________________.
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capsulated
except
________
4) Selective media for Clostridia is ___________. 5) Saccharolytic Clostridia are _______, _______ and___________. 6) Proteolytic Clostridia are __________ and _______________. 7) Based on the growth in Robertson cooked meat media Clostridia classified into ______ and _______. 8) Clostridia produce acid and clot in _______medium. 9) On horse blood agar, Cl.tetani produces beta haemolysis due to the production of ________. 10) In gelatin stab culture, Cl.tetani produces __________ type of growth. 11) In Robertson cooked meat media Cl.tetani grows and produce _______ 12) ________ and ________ chemicals are commonly used to kill the Cl.tetani spores. 13) Two types of Cl.tetani toxins are ________ and ________. 14) Western duck sickness is caused by _______________. 15) Based on the toxin production Cl.botulinum classified into ______ types. 16) Cl. botulinum toxin produces characteristic __________ appearance in mice. 17) Lecithinase activity of ________ and _______ toxins of Cl.novyi responsible for opacity of egg yolk. 18) Cl haemolyticum _____________ toxin is responsible for bacillary haemoglobinuria in cattle. 19) On
egg
yolk
agar
Cl.novyi
type
A
produce
charactreristic
__________ and is mainly due to _______ toxin. 20) Braxy in sheep is caused by _____________. 21) Clostridum species ________ and ________ produces stormy fermentation in litmus milk.
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22) Malignant odema in cattle is caused by ____________. 23) Cl. chauvoei type B causes _________ in cattle. 24) Struck in sheep is caused by __________. 25) Lecithinase effect of Cl.welchi type A-E is mainly due to ________ toxin. 26) Cl.welchi ferments lactose and produce acid clot in litmus milk is called as_________ Write True or False 1.
Clostridium are anaerobic, spore forming, spindle shaped bacteria
2.
Clostridia are motile with monotrichous flagella.
3.
Cl.odematiens is very strict anaerobe.
4.
In Robertsons media proteolytic clostridium turns the meat pink color and produce gas.
5.
Soil is the natural habitat of Cl.tetani.
6.
Cl.tetani is very potent invasive clostridum
7.
Capsulated Cl.tetani giving the characteristic drum sticks appearance.
8.
Cl.tetani is a non-capsulated and motile bacillus.
9.
Stiff agar (3%) is commonly used to demonstrate swarming nature of Cl.tetani
10.
Cl. tetani is saccharolytic.
11.
Cl.tetani spores are readily destroyed by 5% phenol or 0.1% mercuric chloride solution.
12.
Cl.tetani serological type VI possesses peritrichous flagella.
13.
Tetanolysin is a very potent neurotoxin
14.
Poultry are highly susceptible to tetanospasmin.
15.
Ascending tetanus is more common in human and horses.
16.
The species Cl.tetanomorphus and Cl.tetanoides produces drumstick spores as like Cl.tetani.
17.
Adminstration of ATS within 4hrs of infection can prevent tetanus.
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18.
Botulinum toxins are very potent enterotoxins.
19.
Botulism is mainly due to very rapid multiplication of bacteria at the site of infection and production of toxin.
20.
Cl.botulinum type C, D and E are non proteolytic.
21.
Cl. botulinum type D causes Lamsiekte in cattle.
22.
One mg of Cl.botulinum neurotoxin contains more than 120 million mouse lethal doses.
23.
Cl.botulinum produces spastic paralysis in animals.
24.
Shaker foal syndrome in horses is caused by invasive type of Cl.botulinum.
25.
Cl.odematiens causes Bacillary haemoglobinuria in cattle
26.
Black disease in cattle is caused by Cl.gigas.
27.
Cl.novyi type D is very strong saccharolytic
28.
Clostridium novyi type A is the only clostridial species produce both lecithinase and lipase.
29.
Vibrion septique causes Braxy in sheep
30.
Malignant odema is aerobic cellulites.
31.
Bradsot in sheep is more common in summer months.
32.
Cl.septicum ferments salicin but not sucrose.
33.
Cl.chauvoei ferments sucrose but not salicin
34.
Black quarter in cattle is caused by Cl.febri .
35.
Clostridial enterotoxaemias are caused by toxins of cl.welchi types B,C and D.
36.
The alpha toxins of Cl.perfringens type D cause’s pulpy kidney disease in sheep.
37.
Cl.perfringens is motile and non capsulated.
38.
The generatoion time of Cl.perfringens at 45°C is ten minute only.
39.
Cl.welchi produces atleast 12 different toxins
40.
A theta toxin of Cl.welchi mainly causes target haemolysis.
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41.
Cl.welchi epsilon toxin has both enterotoxic and neurotoxic property.
42.
Yellow lamb disease is caused by Cl.perfringens type C.
Write short notes 1)
Stromy clot fermentation
2)
Nagler's reaction
3)
Robertsons cooked meat media
4)
Wast - Waisp appearance
5)
Lockjaw
6)
Tetanospasmin
7)
Tetanolysin
8)
Braxy
9)
Bradsot
10)
Black disease
11)
Saccharolytic
12)
Western duck sickness
13)
Malignant odema
14)
Botulism
15)
Struck
Write short answers 1. Toxins of Cl.tetani 2. Difference between Cl.tetani and Cl.botulinum toxins 3. Toxins of Cl.perfringens 4. Gas gangrene 5. Demonstration and identification of clostridial toxins 6. Struck in sheep 7. Bacillary Haemoglobinuria 8. Black quarter 9. Classification of clostridia 10. Mention various species of clostridium and diseases they produce in
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livestock. Write an essay of the following 1. Enumerate histotoxic clostridia and write in detail about morphology, biochemical characters, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of Black quarter. 2. Define Gasgangrene, enumerate clostridia causing gasgangrene and write in detail about morphology, biochemical characters, pathogenesis, diagnosis and control of Cl.novyi 3. a).Classify and enumerate different species of clostridia and diseases produced by them b). Describe the toxins of Cl.tetani and Cl.botulinum 4. Describe in detail the morphology, cultural characteristics, toxins and pathogenesis of Clostridia of veterinary importance. 5. Name the disease and the organism causing histotoxic, neurotoxic, enterotoxic and hepatotoxic clostridial infections in sheep. Describe in detail the morphological details of the organism causing enterotoxic infection in sheep. 6. Death of animals was reported from an area. Affected animals show hot painful swelling in thigh region. In some animals ruptue of thigh muscle and oozing of dark coloured fluid was noticed. How will you proceed with the diagnosis and write in detail the diagnostic methods and control strategies to be followed. 7. Enumerate the pathogenic organism belonging to the genus clostridum and describe different types of toxins produced by them. 8. Write in detail the different toxins produced by Cl.chauvoei, Cl.septicum, Cl.perfrigens, Cl.tetani and Cl.botulinum.
BACILLUS Fill up the blanks with suitable words
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