1 7 2 . 1
1010100
10001111100
1011100101011100 101100011101001
1011110100011010
00001010010110010 1001010101100111 1111010101000101 1101001101010011 001010010101010
1010101000110010 010101001011000 110101100011010 11010100001011 001010100110 1001010010
1.0
6 . 1 . 0
VLSM Variable-Length Subnet Mask
Workbook Versi on Versi on1.0 1.0
Instructor’s Edition
192.168.10.0 192.168.10.96
192.168.10.126
10.250.1.0
172.31.15.
IP Address Classes Class A
1 – 127
(Network 127 is reserved for loopback and internal testing) Leading bit pattern 0 00000000.00000000.00000000.00000000 Network . Host . Host . Host
Class B
128 – 191
Leading bit pattern
10
10000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class C
192 – 223
Leading bit pattern
110
11000000.00000000.00000000.00000000
Class D
224 – 239
(Reserved for multicast)
Class E
240 – 255
(Reserved for experimental, used for research)
Network
.
Network .
Network
Network
.
Host
. Network
.
.
Host
Host
Private Address Space Class A
10.0.0.0 to to 10 10.255.255.255
Class B
172.16.0.0 to to 17 172.31.255.255
Class C
192.168.0.0 to 192.168.255.255
Default Subnet Masks Class A
255.0.0.0
Class B
255.255.0.0
Class C
255.255.255.0
This workbook assumes you already already have a background in subnetting. subnetting. If you don’t you may want to consider completing complet ing the IP Addressing and Subnetting Workbook. Produced by: Robb Jones jonesr@care jonesr @careerte ertech.ne ch.nett Frederick County Career Care er & Technology Technology Center Cente r Cisco Networking Academy Frederick County Public Schools Frederick, Maryland, USA Special Thanks to Melvin Baker and Jim Dorsch for taking the time to check this workbook for errors.
Instructors (and anyone else for that matter) please do not post the Instructors version on public websites. When you do this your giving everyone else worldwide the answers. Yes, students look for answers this way. It also discourages others; myself included, from posting high qual ity materials. Inside Cover
What is VLSM Variable Length Subnet Masks allow you a much tighter control over your addressing scheme. If you use a class C address with a default subnet mask you end up with one subnet containing 256 addresses. By using VLSM you can adjust the number of subnets and number of addresses depending on the specific needs of your network. The same rules apply to a class A or B addresses. VLSM is supported by Cisco, OSPF, Dual IS-IS, BGP-4, and EIGRP. You need to configure your router for Variable Length Subnet Masking by setting up one of these protocols. Then configure the subnet masks of the various interfaces in the IP address interface sub-command. To use supernet you must also configure IP classless routes.
The Box Method The box method is the simplest way to visualize the breakdown of a range of addresses into smaller different sized subnets. Start with a square. The whole square is a single subnet comprised of 256 addresses.
/24 255.255.255.0 256 Hosts 1 Subnet
0
255 1
Split the box in half and you get two subnets with 128 addresses,
0
128
/25 255.255.255.128 128 Hosts 2 Subnets Divide the box into quarters and you get four subnets with 64 addresses,
127 0
255 128
63 /26 255.255.255.192 64 Hosts 4 Subnets Split each individual square and you get eight subnets with 32 addresses,
64
192
127 0
32
31 64
/27 255.255.255.224 32 Hosts 8 Subnets 2
191
128
63 96
95
255 160
159 192
127
191 224
223
255
Split the boxes in half again and you get sixteen subnets with sixteen addresses,
0
32
128
15 16
47 48
/28 255.255.255.240 16 Hosts 16 Subnets The next split gives you thirty two subnets with eight addresses,
79
0
8
7
15
23 64
The last split gives sixty four subnets with four addresses each, You can use these squares in any combination to fit your addressing needs.
31 72
71 80
79
87
0 3
64
/30 255.255.255.252 4 Hosts 64 Subnets
71
83
200
183 224
191 232
223
136
247
160
255
168
47
135 143 167 175 144 152 176 184
59
147 155 179 187 148 156 180 188
63 104
215
151 192
159 200
183 224
191 232
99 107 195 203 227 235 100 108 196 204 228 236
79
103 111 199 207 321 239 112 120 208 216 240 248
91 92
87
159
75
88
84
168
131 139 163 171 132 140 164 172
60 55
96
76
80
51
31
67
160
43
56
52
72
68
39
27
23
151
128
44
48
28
127
35
15
19
136
255
135 143 167 175 144 152 176 184
192
40
36
24
20
119
11
7 16
104
32
12
63
240
103 111 199 207 321 239 112 120 208 216 240 248
95
8
4
55 96
88
47 56
239
223 128
39 48
224
208
40
191
207
127 32
24
159
111
95
175 176
192
112
16
/29 255.255.255.248 8 Hosts 32 Subnets
63 96
80
143 144
31 64
160
115 123 211 219 243 251 116 124 212 220 244 252 95 119 127 215 223 247 255
3
VLSM Addressing (Sample)
Problem 1 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets used in the box. This business will be using the class C address 220.10.10.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first.
Marketing Department 60 Hosts
Research Department 28 Hosts LAN Address:
LAN Address:
220.10.10.64/27
220.10.10.0/26
Color in the squares used with different shades to highlight each subnet. 0
128
63 64
96
95 4
127
255
VLSM Addressing (Sample)
Problem 2 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 192.168.16.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. LAN Address:
192.168.16.0/25
Washington D.C. 120 Hosts
WAN Address #1:
192.168.16.224/30
WAN Address #2:
192.168.16.228/30
Baltimore 60 Hosts
Frederick 20 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
192.168.16.192/27
192.168.16.128/26
Color in the squares used with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet. 0
128
191 224
192
232
227 228 321
239
240 127
223
255 5
VLSM Addressing Problem 3 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 190.10.10.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. LAN Address:
192.10.10.0/26
Dallas. 60 Hosts
WAN Address #1:
192.10.10.96/30
Ft. Worth 25 Hosts LAN Address:
192.10.10.64/27
Color in the squares used with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet. 0
128
63 96
64
104
99 100 103 112
95 6
111
127
255
VLSM Addressing Problem 4 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 220.108.38.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. LAN Address:
220.108.38.192/27
Corpus Christi 25 Hosts
WAN Address #1:
220.108.38.224/30
WAN Address #2:
220.108.38.228/30
Houston 120 Hosts
Waco 50 Hosts
LAN Address:
LAN Address:
220.108.38.128/26
220.108.38.0/25
Color in the squares used with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet. 0
8 3
4
32 11
12 7
16
20
15
23
31
67
71
135 143 167 175 144 152 176 184
59
147 155 179 187 148 156 180 188 151 192
159 200
183 224
191 232
75
99 107 195 203 227 235 100 108 196 204 228 236
79
103 111 199 207 321 239 112 120 208 216 240 248
88 83
168
47
63 104
160
131 139 163 171 132 140 164 172
60 55
96
76
80
51
136
43
56
52
72
68
39
27
128
44
48
28
64
35 36
24 19
40
91
115 123 211 219 243 251 84 92 116 124 212 220 244 252 87 95 119 127 215 223 247 255
7
VLSM Addressing Problem 5 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the subsubnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 192.168.10.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. WAN Address #1:
LAN Address:
192.168.10.240/30
192.168.10.0/25
New York 115 Hosts
LAN Address:
WAN Address #2:
192.168.10.224/28
192.168.10.244/30
San Jose
LAN Address:
192.168.10.192/27
Fargo 23 Hosts
12 Hosts 48 Hosts
LAN Address:
192.168.10.128/26
Color in the squares used with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet. 0
8 3
4
32 11
12 7
16
20
15
23
31
67
71
135 143 167 175 144 152 176 184
59
147 155 179 187 148 156 180 188 151 192
159 200
183 224
191 232
75
99 107 195 203 227 235 100 108 196 204 228 236
79
103 111 199 207 321 239 112 120 208 216 240 248
88 83
168
47
63 104
160
131 139 163 171 132 140 164 172
60 55
96
76
80
51
136
43
56
52
72
68
39
27
128
44
48
28
64
35 36
24 19
40
115 123 211 219 243 251 84 92 116 124 212 220 244 252 87 95 119 127 215 223 247 255
8
91
VLSM Addressing Problem 6 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the subsubnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 222.10.150.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. WAN Address #1:
WAN Address #2:
222.10.150.120/30
222.10.150.124/30
Boston
London
LAN Address:
6 Hosts
222.10.150.112/29
24 Hosts
37 Hosts
LAN Address:
222.10.150.64/27 LAN Address:
12 Hosts
LAN Address:
222.10.150.96/28
222.10.150.0/26
Draw the necessary lines and color in the used squares with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet. 0
32
31 64
128
63 96
160
159 192
191 224
111 112
95
120
123 124 119 127
223
255 9
VLSM Addressing Problem 7 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 200.150.70.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. LAN Address:
200.150.70.0/27 Boston 25 Hosts
LAN Address:
6 Hosts
200.150.70.64/29
LAN Address:
12 Hosts
200.150.70.48/28
14 Hosts LAN Address:
200.150.70.32/28 Draw the necessary lines and color in the used squares with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet. 32
0
128 47
48
31
63
64
191 192
71
127 10
255
VLSM Addressing Problem 8 Using the network diagram and information given create an addressing scheme which utilizes variable-length subnet masks. Show the subnet address and subnet mask in the boxes below, color or shade the sub-subnets used in the box. This company will be using the class C address 192.168.24.0. Remember to start with your largest groups first. LAN Address:
WAN Address #1:
192.168.24.128/26
192.168.24.240/30
34 Hosts
London
LAN Address:
192.168.24.192/27 18 Hosts
95 Hosts
12 Hosts
LAN Address:
192.168.24.0/25 LAN Address:
192.168.24.224/28 Draw the necessary lines and color in the used squares with different shades to highlight each sub-subnet.
128
0
191 192
224 239 240 243
127
223
255 11
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1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 15
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8 0 2 4 0 8 4 0 4 2 6 9 2 . 1 . 1 . 2 . . 2 . 2 5 . 1 5 7 5 5 5 s t s . 5 5 e e 7 7 7 7 7 7 . . . . . . n r 5 b d 4 5 5 5 5 5 5 u 1 4 4 4 S d 4 4 . 4 A 1 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 3 . . . 1 3 3 3 3 3 3 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 t e n b u S
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1
s . r w e o k l r t e o u p b w t m d e o e n c i r n 0 u q w 2 e o f r o s t i s n o i n b t a l o a e 2 m b e r o l f l i r a n w e i e g r h e n t i h e w T t y . l e g s p o r l e m o t o n u C h p c m . g e o s n t i r e c t e s h 5 s T 1 u p e . e m r k o r d d u c o l d c w n 5 t A 3 e i l n l i f o M e w b S d i g l a L w i n t . V s w e s u n e o l p e l c d a i m f f a o n c a m s h a e c t o p h t u T a e s . s e g 4 n 2 r g r i e l t a t / t u e 0 . s 0 p m s 5 m o i r 2 f . o e 8 c g 6 0 k e 1 3 r l l . f o o 4 c 2 o w o 1 l 9 s t a 1 b r c f e m o a b o l l e l A s 2 m , b s e r h e o d m r d c a e P a e R
9 1 3 3 5 7 9 2 2 5 6 1 . 9 . 1 1 . 2 . . . t 0 0 0 s s 0 0 0 a s 5 5 5 5 c r 5 5 2 2 d e 2 . . 2 2 . 2 a d . . . 8 8 d o 8 8 8 r A 6 6 8 B 1 6 6 6 6 1 . 1 . 1 1 . 1 . . . 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 8 0 2 2 4 6 9 2 2 5 9 6 . . 1 1 1 . 2 . . . e 0 0 l 0 0 0 0 b a t 5 5 5 5 5 5 s s . 2 2 2 . 2 U o 2 . 2 . t H 8 8 . . 8 8 8 s 8 a 6 6 6 6 6 6 L 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 3 7 9 5 1 6 9 2 . 6 9 . 1 1 . 1 e 0 0 0 . . . l b 5 5 0 0 0 a t 2 5 5 5 5 s s . 2 . 2 2 . U o 8 2 . 2 . t H 8 8 . 8 8 6 s 8 r 1 6 6 6 6 i 6 . 1 F . 1 . 1 . 1 . . 1 2 2 2 2 9 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 ) t X e / 6 7 7 7 7 7 n ( b k 2 2 2 2 2 2 u s / / / / / / a S M
0 2 6 8 0 . 4 2 6 9 . 1 . 9 1 0 6 . . 1 . 0 0 5 0 0 0 s t s 5 5 e e 2 n r . 2 2 5 5 5 b d 8 . . 2 . . 2 u d 6 8 8 . 2 8 8 8 S A 1 6 6 6 6 6 . 1 . 1 2 . 1 . 1 . . 1 9 2 2 2 2 2 1 9 9 9 9 9 t e n b u S
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 17
B c n e o n i t n a o c c o L N s s A e . r s W d r d e a a t u i s p C m e r s o e s c h l a 8 T c s . e a s h t h r e g A t n u i n p s o u i t m a o w c c l o 5 o e L 5 b . s d g s a e n n h i i o r i s t D u a n q . s c o e e r t o i s r l t n l e r a o l d u i c a d o o t f a L m A s n i . m r o o t y s M r f n n t e i S a t s p u e L e p g h m m V r o o t l e a c c t e m a l r 4 p o r o s m f f a o k r r h C k o C o . w w s t n o e i o n t n t o i t r a a e c a b c p o o m u L l g . r e u m n s i r t o e t t f e e l l R 5 s u p a . 1 e r m n 0 . a o e 0 m u c e 1 . w 8 e o 2 t l e 6 b Y 2 1 b 1 . o s n 2 r a o 9 t 1 P h i 18
7 1 7 5 9 3 7 1 2 2 0 9 1 2 1 1 2 2 . . 2 . 2 . t . . . 2 s s 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a s 1 1 c r . 1 1 1 . 1 . 1 . . . . d e 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 a d o 6 6 6 6 6 6 6 r d 1 . 1 B A . 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . . 1 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 9 1 1 1 1 1 6 0 6 4 8 2 6 0 9 1 1 2 2 2 1 . 2 . 2 e . 1 . 2 . 2 . . 2 l b 0 0 0 0 0 0 0 a t 1 1 1 . 1 s s . 1 . 1 . 1 . . . o U 8 8 8 8 8 8 8 t H 6 6 6 6 6 1 6 6 s 1 a 1 1 . . . . 1 . 1 . . 1 L 2 2 2 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 9 7 1 5 9 3 1 2 2 1 9 0 2 . 1 . 2 e 0 . 1 . 2 . 2 . 2 l . b 1 0 0 0 0 0 . 0 a t 8 1 1 1 1 1 s s 1 . . . . . . U o 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 t H 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 s . 1 r i 1 1 1 1 . F 2 . . . . . 1 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 1 ) t X e / 5 6 8 9 0 0 0 n ( b k 2 2 2 2 3 3 3 u s / / / / / / a / S M
4 8 2 8 6 0 1 0 0 2 2 9 . 1 1 2 2 2 0 . . . . 2 . 2 . s t s 1 0 0 0 0 0 0 e e . 1 1 1 1 . n r 8 . 1 . . . 1 . b d 6 8 8 8 8 8 8 u 1 6 6 6 6 6 6 S d A . 1 1 . 1 . 1 . 1 . 2 . . 1 9 2 2 2 2 2 2 1 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 9 1 1 t e n b u S
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1
e t l l e s i l m w p o k m o r s e o c d m r n 4 2 / o i o d t 0 . 2 0 p 5 e . c 1 8 e e r r 6 a e 1 . h e 2 r T 9 e h . 1 s T s p s . o r e r d d d e l . l 5 d t a a s t e e s v P l l I n i a a e m g h h l n l i t s i g e w g t o n b n i i t s s e s s s i c U e i s k f g r f r e . o o a r s l w p e d t h o e r m d n T d o r A f . w t 0 k e e 3 r M n n e o S A b u d u W L l . s - c . V d b n M e u i l S d l s l i o e w L V m n l l g e a i r o h n s g n y u n o i e d e b u w t b l o l s l i s l i w l e a b y r t d o a m e t i h t s i r A u m r h . q o c a s d e p e r 6 e s o n r i o 1 g p d t e o l l r e a m o e c d r m r e l A o h t f w o b t n e i o h v r t e i a h P w h t
7 9 7 5 2 5 6 7 1 1 . 1 . 1 . . t s s 2 2 2 2 a s 1 1 c r . 1 . . . 1 d e 8 8 8 8 d a d o 6 6 6 6 r 1 B A . 1 . 1 . . 1 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 6 8 6 4 2 5 6 7 . . 1 . 1 e 1 . 1 l b 2 2 2 2 a t 1 . s s . 1 . 1 . 1 o U 8 8 8 8 t H 6 6 6 6 s a 1 . . 1 . 1 . 1 L 2 2 2 2 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1 9 9 1 6 6 2 . 1 1 . e 2 . . 1 l b 1 2 2 2 . a t 8 . 1 s s 1 . . 1 o U 6 8 8 8 t H 1 6 6 6 s . 1 r 1 1 i F 2 . . . 9 2 2 2 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 ) t X e / 9 5 7 9 n ( b k 2 2 2 2 u s / / / a / S M
8 0 8 0 2 6 6 . 1 . . 1 . 1 2 s t s 1 2 2 2 e e . 1 1 . n r 8 . 1 . b d 6 8 8 8 u 1 6 6 6 S d A . 1 . . 1 2 . 1 9 2 2 2 1 9 9 9 1 1 1 t e n b u S
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1 19
t r l o l f i e n w b s s i u e a s h s g e s t r n r i t e t a h r f e n g d o k n d d r i o l a t e a e s e P m p I u e l e c b e a t e h e b i r n l T r a b l i e . h v u w 4 T g s - t s 2 n b / . i 0 u r s . s s o u p 0 r e k e t 6 t r h 1 . u t e n p 5 o r w e 7 m e t . d h e 9 o t u e 1 c n l 2 0 e c n r I u s 4 h o s s t . f e e d k g r e d r h t i d i n e v i d n i o w a t D t w s r s e n . e C n t e e s s m r i s u r o s e r h t d p a t l u o d c l p f e o n A e e v m O h e o p t d a . c k M h m t i d 2 s S 1 d a w n L a e m s l k i V r h e a t r t i o c r u e e n w t a q d b e e e r a u n s e t w s s R e s n h a e t r e . d n s m i t e e h i s r e g u t a g w b u n a k a p a p r e o p m M t i w u o c . s t o e g 9 s n r n 1 e p i p e t t d t u t e e p o h s e 7 e h f o 1 e n m r l o t h a l c n c m u i O n w r . u e o n o . a r k l Y s b r o f k b i o d h s s w o e a c t r i v i e a e P d n m e n 20
1 9 3 5 1 1 6 9 1 . . . 1 . t s s 0 0 0 0 a s 6 6 6 6 c r 1 . 1 d e . 1 . 1 . a d 5 5 d o 5 5 r . 7 . 7 B A 7 . 7 . 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 2 2 2 2 0 8 2 4 1 1 9 6 1 . 1 . e 0 0 . . l b 6 6 0 0 a t 6 6 s s 1 1 . 1 . . . 1 U o t H 5 5 5 5 s 7 7 a . . 7 . . 7 L 9 9 9 1 1 9 1 1 2 2 2 2 3 7 1 1 . 5 9 6 . 1 e 0 . 0 . l 0 b 6 6 0 6 a t 1 6 s s . 1 1 . 1 . o . U 5 t H 7 5 5 5 s . 7 r i . 7 . 7 . 9 F 9 9 1 1 1 9 1 2 2 2 2 ) t X e / 6 7 8 9 n ( b k 2 2 2 2 u s / / / / a S M
2 4 6 0 1 . 6 . 1 . 9 . 0 0 0 0 s t s 6 6 6 e e 6 . n r 1 1 1 . . 1 b d 5 . u d 5 5 5 S A 7 . 7 . 7 . 7 . 9 9 9 1 1 1 9 1 2 2 2 2 t e n b u S
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1
9 1 8 1 . 4 s o . t 2 r n e 5 o 2 t i 1 5 t u 1 . p p . 2 e m 5 c o 0 6 5 e C . 2 R 1 . 4 5 5 7 . 9 5 1 2 2
p a M d e l i a t e D 7 1 m e l b o r P
1 1 0 1 . 4 s o 2 t r t . e n e t 6 5 5 u m 9 p . 2 e . g m 0 a o 6 5 n C . 5 a 1 2 . 2 5 M 1 7 . 5 9 5 1 2 2
5 9 . 4 2 s o t 2 . g r e 5 n 4 t i u 6 5 t e p . 2 . k m 0 5 r o 6 a C 5 1 . 2 M 9 5 . 1 7 . 5 9 5 1 2 2
t n e 2 m 3 9 p s 6 o r . 1 . l o e e 5 t v t u e p 0 5 2 D 6 . m 1 . 5 & o 5 5 h C 2 . c 0 7 . r 9 5 4 a 5 e 1 s 2 2 e R
21
. N . k e r A t c o W s i e f f w e l l t o e t a h 8 s n h m c 1 s s l s e n e i b o r h a t a t r d d t e b e d f L s o a k e n . r l p k g P o l I a s r a Y i w e m a l w e h m m d t e i c t o e l r e f N f i f g n t n a b e o i r h d s e u k T a U d s o . d . a e W s i n d t . n i e w h r w a o d i r h t o t T l u d i l a e c w e c h n e b o T i g k l g l . e a r o d e p a b r n r s i w i r t e e e t u s i e v t o t q n e u d s s r s p e o e e e p r n s m e p h s o n o t o d i f t o c s e o a r d c 6 n h A a 6 i o t h r c m t k o n n f a s r a M c d n o o O r i e l . b S w t e e L h h e n e M t n e e V r S c a e s c h e t t t L i i f e V r l f l o p o l g f p u e a i s m t s n n e o e o e s u C s J e s s k w r e . o n t t r n e o d s a b o w d i t d S s t e e k e a a e h n n P m n T i r l e I o t f y h . N t e n s n n i a r A e b p e W d i u e t m u i v s - m e d o a p 8 c h b s T 4 u 1 l l m s e a o / e h . 2 c s t 0 m m . r h 5 t h e s 1 t e 5 . e t i l 0 d w s u b A d p 2 . l u s o e 5 m k r e o 9 c n n l P n c 1 I i
22
7 9 1 5 9 9 9 2 5 9 t 1 1 1 1 1 . . . . . s s a s 5 5 5 5 5 c r . . . . . d e 0 0 0 0 0 a d d o r 2 . 2 2 . . 2 2 B A 5 . 5 . 5 5 5 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1
6 8 0 4 8 9 9 2 5 9 e 1 1 1 1 l . . . . . 1 b a t 5 5 . 5 . . . 5 s s . 5 o U 0 0 0 0 0 t H s 2 . . 2 . 2 . 2 . 2 a L 5 5 5 5 5 9 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 1
1 3 7 9 1 6 9 9 2 . 1 1 e 1 1 l . . . . b 5 . a t . 5 . . 5 . 5 s s 0 5 o U 2 0 0 0 0 t H . s . 2 . . 2 . 2 r 5 2 i F 9 5 5 5 5 1 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 ) t X e / 5 7 7 0 0 n ( b k 2 2 2 3 3 u s / / / / a / S M
8 0 2 6 0 9 2 6 9 . 1 1 1 1 . . . . 5 t s . s e e . . 5 . 5 . 5 n r 0 5 b d 2 0 0 0 0 u . S d . . 2 . 2 . 2 A 5 2 9 5 5 5 5 1 9 9 9 9 1 1 1 1 t e n b u S
1 2 3 4 0 1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 1 1 1 1
k r o Y w e N
p a M d e l i a t e D 8 1
d a d i n i r T
m e l b o r P
e s o J n a S
9 9 2 1 . 5 2 . o t 5 6 5 9 2 . 1 . 5 5 . 5 0 2 . 2 . 5 5 5 9 2 1
5 9 2 1 . 5 2 . o t 5 2 5 9 2 . 1 . 5 5 . 5 0 2 . 2 . 5 5 5 9 2 1
1 9 4 1 . 2 s o 2 . t 5 n r e o t 0 5 i t u 6 2 . p p 1 e m . c o 5 5 e C . 5 R 0 2 . 4 2 . 5 5 5 9 2 1
9 4 5 2 1 s . 2 t r o . n e e t t 5 u 8 5 m p 2 2 e . g m 1 . 5 a o n C . 5 a 5 2 . 2 0 M 2 5 1 . 5 5 9 2 1
7 8 2 2 s 1 . r . 1 e 5 t o t u 5 p 0 2 . m . 5 o 5 . C 0 5 2 . 6 2 . 5 6 5 9 5 1 2 23
Class A Addr essing Guide # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22
Subnet Mask 255.192.0.0 255.224.0.0 255.240.0.0 255.248.0.0 255.252.0.0 255.254.0.0 255.255.0.0 255.255.128.0 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
Total # of Subnets 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 2,048 4,096 8,192 16,384 32,768 65,536 131,072 262,144 524,288 1,048,576 2,097,152 4,194,304
Usable # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62 126 254 510 1,022 2,046 4,094 8,190 16,382 32,766 65,534 131,070 262,142 524,286 1,048,574 2,097,150 4,194,302
Total # o f Hosts 4,194,304 2,097,152 1,048,576 524,288 262,144 131,072 65,536 32,768 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4
Usable # of Hosts 4,194,302 2,097,150 1,048,574 524,286 262,142 131,070 65,534 32,766 16,382 8,190 4,094 2,046 1,022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2
Total # o f Hosts 16,384 8,192 4,096 2,048 1,024 512 256 128 64 32 16 8 4
Usable # of Hosts 16,382 8,190 4,094 2,046 1,022 510 254 126 62 30 14 6 2
Total # o f Hosts 64 32 16 8 4
Usable # of Hosts 62 30 14 6 2
Class B Addr essing Guide # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14
Subnet Mask 255.255.192.0 255.255.224.0 255.255.240.0 255.255.248.0 255.255.252.0 255.255.254.0 255.255.255.0 255.255.255.128 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
Total # of Subnets 4 8 16 32 64 128 256 512 1,024 2,048 4,096 8,192 16,384
Usable # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62 126 254 510 1,022 2,046 4,094 8,190 16,382
Class C Addr essing Guide # of Bits Borrowed 2 3 4 5 6 24
Subnet Mask 255.255.255.192 255.255.255.224 255.255.255.240 255.255.255.248 255.255.255.252
Total # of Subnets 4 8 16 32 64
Usable # of Subnets 2 6 14 30 62
VLSM Chart 24-30 Bits /24
/25
/26
/27
/28
/29
/30
255.255.255.0 256 Hosts
255.255.255.128 128 Hosts
255.255.255.192 64 Hosts
255.255.255.224 32 Hosts
255.255.255.240 16 Hosts
255.255.255.248 8 Hosts
255.255.255.252 4 Hosts 0-3 4-7 8-11 12-15 16-19 20-23 24-27 28-31 32-35 36-39 40-43 44-47 48-51 52-55 56-59 60-63 64-67 68-71 72-75 76-79 80-83 84-87 88-91 92-95 96-99 100-103 104-107 108-111 112-115 116-119 120-123 124-127 128-131 132-135 136-139 140-143 144-147 148-151 152-155 156-159 160-163 164-167 168-171 172-175 176-179 180-183 184-187 188-191 192-195 196-199 200-203 204-207 208-211 212-215 216-219 220-223 224-227 228-231 232-235 236-239 240-243 244-247 248-251 252-255
0-7 0-15 8-15 16-23 0-31
16-31 24-31
0-63 32-39 32-47 40-47 48-55 32-63
48-63 56-63
0-127 64-71 64-79 72-79 80-87 64-95
80-95 88-95
64-127 96-103 96-111 104-111 112-119 96-127
112-127 120-127
0-127 128-135 128-143 136-143 144-151 128-159
144-159 152-159
128-191 16-167 160-175 168-175 176-183 160-191
176-191 184-191
128-255 192-199 192-207 200-207 208-215 192-223
208-223 216-223
192-255 224-231 224-239 232-239 240-247 224-255
240-255 248-255
Inside Cover
