Visually Identify Threat Aircraft

Visually Identify Threat Aircraft Task # 441-091-1040 Skill Level 2

Instructor

Task: Visually Identify Threat Aircraft Conditions: !"ect threat aircraft in your sector of resonsi$ility or over unit convoy% Visi$ility is in e"cess of &'000 (eters% )inoculars are availa$le% Standards: Identify the threat aircraft $y *AT+ na(e and,or alhanu(eric desination and reort the aircraft to the co((ander .ithin 1/ seconds after detection%

!AS+*S + VISAL AI3AT !3+*ITI+* Following World War II, the emphasis on visual aircraft recognition declined as a required skill for ground-ased weapons crew memers! Causes of the decline were" 

5  The su$stitution of uided (issiles for lare antiaircraft uns% 5 The assu(tion that S forces .ould continue to (aintain air sueriority% 5 The reliance on electronic e6ui(ent for aircraft identification as hostile or friendly%

!AS+*S + VISAL AI3AT !3+*ITI+*

3ont7d

The need for visual aircraft recognition skills has ecome more critical since" 

5  An analysis of ast (ilitary actions sho.s aircraft losses to air defense uns and s(all ar(s% It has reesta$lished that the soldier on the round is caa$le of inflictin heavy losses on aircraft oeratin at lo. altitudes% 5 3ontinued air sueriority over every $attlefield is not ossi$le%  !lectronic identification has li(itations and s(all units or individual soldiers do not al.ays have access to these devices%

!AS+*S + VISAL AI3AT !3+*ITI+*

3ont7d

5 Visual reconition and identification of secific aircraft tyes and ti(ely reortin rovide the S2 and 2 additional infor(ation of an air threat' or infor(ation on suly dros' defoliation' or hotorahic reconnaissance% 5 The rovision of lare nu($ers of A8 .eaon syste(s to all divisional and so(e nondivisional round co($at forces enerates additional e(hasis on the need for visual aircraft reconition% 3re. and tea( (e($ers of these .eaon syste(s deend on visual reconition and identification of aircraft .hen (akin enae(ent decisions%

actors That Affect 8etection' econition' and Identification 5 !very atte(t (ade at visual aircraft reconition involves t.o events% irst' an aircraft (ust $e detected% Second' the aircraft (ust $e insected to distinuish the characteristics or shae that (akes it reconia$le as a articular aircraft% 5 Since detection' identification' and reconition are all visual rocesses' an aircraft (ust $e detected' and then reconied at the farthest rane ossi$le' to (ake a ti(ely enae(ent decision and or to reort the aircraft% The task re6uires ood' corrected if necessary' eyesiht%

!AL: AI3AT !3+*ITI+* A*8 I8!*TII3ATI+* 5 The farther out an aircraft can $e detected' reconied' and identified' the (ore ti(e a unner has to (ake an enae(ent decision% If the unner is not oin to enae the aircraft' then early reconition and identification .ill allo. ti(e to seek cover and or reort the aircraft% The i(ortance of early identification is de(onstrated in the follo.in illustration%

AI3AT !3+*ITI+* A*8 I8!*TII3ATI+* !AT!S 5 All aircraft are $uilt .ith the sa(e $asic ele(ents .ins to rovide lift' enine;s< to rovide (otive o.er' a fuselae to carry the ayload and controls' and a tail asse($ly .hich usually controls the direction of fliht% The differences distinuish one aircraft tye fro( another% The =!T eatures illustration sho.s wings' engine#s$' fuselage' and tail features of aircraft%

round-Attack' 3lose Air Suort' and ihter-)o($er Aircraft

>i-2? L+! 8

>i-2? L+! 8 %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% >i-2& loer ),!,' -111' Tornado' Su-24 encer' >irae 1' Su#er  !tendard' @auar% 3re.% +ne% ole% round-attack' fihter% Ar(a(ent% >issiles' $o($s' rockets' cannon% 8i(ensions% Lenth // ft ;1% (<% S#an 4 ft' 9 in ;14%2 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% Bih-(ounted' varia$le' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered .ith $lunt ti#s% !nine;s<% +ne inside the $ody% ectanular $o"-like air i ntakes for.ard of the .in roots% Sinle e"haust% uselae% Lon and tu$ular' e"ce#t .here air intakes ive a $o"-like a##earance% Lon' do.n.ard-slo#in' shar#ly #ointed nose% Ste##ed cano#y% Lare' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered  $elly fin under the rear section% Tail% S.e#t-$ack and ta#ered tail fin .ith curved dorsal in leadin ede and anular ti#% S.e#t-$ack and ta#ered flats hih-(ounted on the fuselae .ith anular ti#s% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

)elarus' 3IS' India' Caakhstan%

>i-21 ISB)!8

>i-21 ISB)!8 %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% itters' all (odels' >irae III,/' A-4 Skyha.k% 3re.% +neD >i-21 >onol--t.o% ole% round-attack' interce#tor' trainer% Ar(a(ent% 3annon' (issiles' rockets' $o($s% 8i(ensions% Lenth /1 ft' E in ;1/'?E (<% S#an 2& ft' / in ;?%1 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% >id-(ounted delta .in .ith s(all s6uare ti#s% !nine;s<% +ne tur$oFet inside the $ody% S(all round air intake in the nose% Sinle e"haust% uselae% Lon' tu$ular $ody .ith a $lunt nose and $u$$le cano#y% +ne $elly fin under the rear  section% Lare dorsal s#ine flush .ith the cano#y% Tail% in s.e#t-$ack and ta#ered .ith a s6uare ti#% lats are (id-(ounted on the $ody' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered .ith s6uare ti#s% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

Afhanistan' Al$ania ;@-?<' Aleria' Anola' Aer$iaFan' )anladesh' )ularia' )ur(a' 3a($odia' 3ono' 3roatia' 3u$a' 3ech e#u$lic' !y#t' !thio#ia' inland' er(any' unea e#u$lic' Bunary' India' Iran' Ira6' Caakhstan' Laos' Li$ya' >adaascar' >ali' >onolia' >oa($i6ue' *ieria'  *orth Corea' *orth :e(en' Gakistan ;@-?<' Geo#leHs e#u$lic of 3hina ;@-?<' Goland' o(ania' Slovakia' South :e(en' Sri Lanka' Sudan' Syria' Tanania' Vietna(' :uoslavia' a($ia' i($e$.e%

>i-29 L3>

>i-29 L3> %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% ,A-1E Bornet' -1 ihtin alcon' -1/ !ale' Su-2? lanker% 3re.% +ne% ole% Attack' counterair fihter% Ar(a(ent% >issiles' &0-(( un% 8i(ensions% Lenth /0 ft' 10 in ;1/% (<% S#an && ft' ? in ;10%2 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% S.e#t-$ack and ta#ered .ith s6uare ti#s% L!Js are .ide and curved do.n to the front% L!J $eins on the nose $elo. the (id-(ount #oint' and the .insH trailin edes end at a hih-(ounted #oint% !nine;s<% T.in Fets are (ounted lo. and to the sides of the fuselae% 8iaonal-sha#ed air  intakes ive a $o"-like a##earance% Lare e"hausts% uselae% Lon' thin' slender $ody .ith lon' #ointed droo#in nose% Bih-(ounted $u$$le cano#y% Tail% ins have shar#ly ta#ered leadin edes' canted out.ard .ith anular' cutoff ti #s% lats are hih-(ounted on the fuselae' (ova$le' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered .ith a neative slant% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

)elarus' )ularia' 3IS' 3u$a' 3ech  e#u$lic' er(any' Bunary' India' Iran' Ira6' >alasia' >uldova' *orth Corea' Goland' o(ania' Slovakia' Syria' kraine' :uoslavia%

Su-24 !*3! 

Su-24 !*3!  %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% Tornado' -111' -14 To(cat' -1/ !ale' >i-2&,-2? loer% 3re.% T.o% ole% All-.eather attack' fihter-$o($er' strike% Ar(a(ent% 3annon' (issiles' $o($s% 8i(ensions% Lenth 9 ft'  in ;20 (<% S#an / ft'  in ;1?%2 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% Bih-(ounted' varia$le' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered% !nine;s<% T.in tur$ofans% Air intakes are ta#ered a.ay fro( the $ody' rectanular-sha#ed' and (ounted on the $ody for.ard of the .insH leadin edes% T.in e"hausts% uselae% Lon' slender' .ith #ointed' solid nose' and rectanular-sha#ed $ody fro( the air int akes to the e"hausts% T.o $elly finsD four #ylons% )u$$le cano#y% 8orsal s#ine e"tends fro( the cock#it to the tail% Tail% in s.e#t-$ack and ta#ered .ith s6uare ti#% lats are hi h-(ounted on the fuselae' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered .ith anular ti#s% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

Aer$aiFan' )elarus' 3IS' Iran' Caakhstan' Li$ya' Syria' kraine%

Su-1?,20,22 ITT! 

Su-1?,20,22 ITT!  %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% >i-21 ish$ed' Su-? itter' A-? 3orsair II' %91:% 3re.% +ne% ole% round-attack% Ar(a(ent% 3annon' rockets' (issiles' $o($s% 8i(ensions% Lenth 1 ft'  in ;1E%? (<% S#an 4/ ft ;1&%E (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% >id- to lo.-(ounted ;.ins are (ounted $elo. the center<' varia$le' s.e#t-$ack' and ta#ered .ith $lunt ti#s% =ide .in roots% !nine;s<% +ne tur$oFet in the fuselae% 3ircular air intake in the nose% Lare' sinle e"haust% uselae% Lon' tu$ular .ith $lunt nose and rear section% Lare $u$$le cano#y% Gro(inent dorsal s#ine on to# of the $ody fro( the cock#it to the tail fin% Tail% S.e#t-$ack and ta#ered fin .ith a s6uare ti#% lats (id- to lo.-(ounted on the fuselae s.e#t-$ack and ta#ered% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

Afhanistan' Aleria' Aer$aiFan' )elarus' )ularia' 3IS' 3ech e#u$lic' er(any' Bunary' Iran' Ira6' Li$ya' *orth :e(en' Geru' Goland' Slovakia' South :e(en' Syria' Vietna(%

Belicoter Aircraft

>i-2 B+GLIT!

>i-2 B+GLIT! %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% Birundo A109' >i-E Bi#% 3re.% +ne% ole% Trans#ort' caro' reconnaissance' trainer' search and rescue' liaison' ar(ed su##ort% Ar(a(ent% ockets' (issiles' (achine uns% 8i(ensions% Lenth /? ft ;1?%4 (<% otor dia(eter 4? ft'  in ;14% (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% Three-$lade (ain rotor on to# of lare hu(# a$ove the $ody (idsection% !nine;s<% T.o tur$oshafts (ounted side-$y-side on to# of ca$in' for(in a hu(#% ound air intakes a$ove cock#it% +val e"hausts on sides of enines% uselae% S(all' $us-like% Ste##ed-u# cock#it and rounded nose% Tad#ole-sha#ed $ody .hen vie.ed fro(  $otto(% i"ed landin ear% Tail% Ta#ered tail $oo(% S(all' une6ually ta#ered flats% Thin' s.e#t-$ack fin% otor is on the riht% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

Aer$aiFan' )ur(a' )ularia' 3IS' 3u$a' 3ech e#u$lic' eoria' er(any' hana' Bunary' Li$ya'  *icaraua' Goland' Slovakia' Syria' kraine%

>i-2E BAV+3

>i-2E BAV+3 %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin%3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft%>anusta A129' AB-4 A#ache' AB-1 3o$ra% 3re.% T.o% ole% Attack% Ar(a(ent%AA>s' antitank (issiles' cannon' rockets% 8i(ensions% Lenth /? ft ;1?%4 (<% otor dia(eter / ft ;1?%04 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% ive-$lade (ain rotor (ounted a$ove the $ody (idsection% Short' .ide ' ta#ered' .ea#on-carryin .ins (ounted to the rear of $ody (idsection% !nine;s<% T.o tur$oshafts in #ods (ounted alonsi de the to# of the fuselae% 8o.nturned e"hausts% uselae% Slender and ta#ers to the tail $oo( and nose% Tande( ' ste##ed-u# cock#its% 3annon (ounted  $eneath the $elly% i"ed landin ear% Tail% Ta#erin tail $oo( to s.e#t-$ack fin% lat hih-(ounted on the fin% otor (ounted on riht% .S&( C-.'T(/

3IS%

>i- B++C 

>i- B++C  %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% >i-2 Balo' 3B-& @olly reen iant% 3re.% ive% ole% Beavy trans#ort ;/ e6ui##ed troo#s<' vehicles% Ar(a(ent% >achine un% 8i(ensions% Lenth 109 ft ;&&%& (<% otor dia(eter 11/ ft ;&/ (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% Lare' five-$lade (ain rotor centered over fuselae (idsection% Sta$iliin .ins une6ually ta#ered .ith $lunt ti#s' (ounted hih on the fuselae' and tilted u#.ard to the front% !nine;s<% T.o tur$oshafts on to# of fuselae (idsection% ound air intakes a$ove cock#it% +val-sha#ed e"haust #orts on sides% uselae% Lon' $us-like .ith round' ste##ed-u# cock#itD round' lassed-in nose section% #s.e#t rear section .ith ta#ered tail $oo(% i"ed landin ear% Tail% S.e#t-$ack fin is ta#ered% S(all rotor on riht% ne6ually ta#ered flats for.ard of the fin% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

Aleria' 3IS' !y#t' Ira6' Laos' Geru' Syria' Vietna(%

>i-2 BAL+

>i-2 BAL+ %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% >i- Book' BB-&! @olly reen iant% 3re.% our% ole% Beavy caro-trans#ort ;100K e6ui##ed troo#s' ar(ored vehicles<% Ar(a(ent% sually none% 8i(ensions% Lenth 111 ft ;&&%E (<% otor dia(eter 10/ ft ;&2 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% !iht-$lade (ain rotor (ounted a$ove the fuselae (idsection on a hu(#% !nine;s<% T.o tur$oshafts (ounted on to# of the ca$in% ound air intakes a$ove and $ehind the cock#it% !"haust #orts at sides of enines% uselae% Lon' $us-like $ody ta#ers to the nose and rear% #s.e#t rear section% ounded nose and ste##ed-u# cock#it% i"ed tricycle landin ear% Tail% S.e#t-$ack' slihtly ta#ered fin .ith lare rotor on riht side% lats are for.ard-ta#ered and lo.(ounted on leadin ede of the fin% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

India' 3IS%

>i-4 B+*8

>i-4 B+*8 %&'&()* +)T)

3ountry of +riin% 3IS ;for(erly SS<% Si(ilar Aircraft% )+ 10/' 8efender /00% 3re.% Three% ole% Trans#ort ;12 to 1 e6ui##ed troo#s<' ar(ed su##ort' trainer% Ar(a(ent% >achine un #od' rockets% 8i(ensions% Lenth // ft ;1%E (<% otor dia(eter 9 ft ;21 (<% W&FT +&SC(I,TI-'

=ins% Lare' four-$lade (ain rotor (ounted on to# of fuselae (idsection% !nine;s<% +ne #iston enine (ounted .ithin the nose section% uselae% Short' oval .ith solid' rounded nose and ste##ed-u# cock#it% Bih-(ounted' lon' thin tail $oo(% un (ount under $elly ;oil #an<% our-.heeled landin ear% Tail% S(all' three-$lade rotor attached to riht side of thin fin% S(all flats for.ard of the fin% .S&( C-.'T(I&S

Afhanistan' Al$ania ;-/<' Aleria' )ularia' 3u$a' 3ech e#u$lic' !y#t' er(any' Ira6' >ali' >onolia' *orth Corea' *orth :e(en' Geo#leHs e#u$lic of 3hina ;-/<' Goland' o(ania' So(alia ' South :e(en' Sudan' Syria' Vietna(%