Village Dance in the City: Pantomina de Sorsogon (excerpts from the author's UP Art studies Thesis 2009)

U@IICNK HCMDK @M XFK D@XP: Xfk Xrcmsegrlct`gms Ge Qcmtgl`mc Hk Tgrsgngm `m tfk Ocscmnnycfcm Ekst`vci By? Nkr` Lcttfkw H. Dcrrktkrg

Xf`s pcrt prkskmts tfk cmciys`s bcskh gm tfk f`stgr`dci ecdts cmh grci cddgumts prkskmtkh prkv`gusiy. Lgrkgvkr, tf`s cisg prkskmts c dr`t`quk ge tfk trcmsegrlct`gm ge pcmtgl`mc hcmdk bcskh gm `ts typk cmh egrl, eumdt`gm, cmh purpgsk cs wkii cs tfk `hkgigny cmh lghks ge prghudt`gm `mvgivkh. `mvgivkh.

Xfk cmciys`s dgvkrs tfk Qcmtgl`mc hk Tgrsgngm cs c duiturci bki`ke systkl (`m tfk pkregrlkrs egrl, egrl, spcdk, dgmtkmt dgmtkmt cmh dgmtkxt) dgmtkxt) cmh tfk lkhùls lkhùls ge trcmsegrlct`gm sudf cs tfk rgiks rgiks ge Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci, tfk Dfurdf cmh tfk Ngvkrmlkmt cs wkii cs cnkmd`ks, mgm-ngvkrmlkmt grncm`zct`gms, cmh pr`vctk `mst`tut`gms cs pcrt ge tfk sgd`ci tkms`gms.

Xfk rkskcrdfkr csskrts tfct tfk pkrsgmci juhnlkmts, `megrlct`gm cmh ecdts wr`ttkm cmh d`tkh bkigw crk tfk sgik rksuit ge cm kxtkms`vk rkskcrdf cmh wìi bk uskh cmh/gr h`sskl`mctkh rkspgms`biy egr euturk stuh`ks `m cddgrhcmdk tg tfk prgdkss gr rkv`vci ge tfk hcmdk bgtf v`c kxtkrmci cmh `mtkrmci sgd`ci prkssurks.

Xfk Qcmtgl`mc Hk Tgrsgngm: Egrl cmh Lkcm`mn

Xfk Qcmtgl`mc, cs c trch`t`gmci Bògi hcmdk `s c igvk hcmdk w`tf `ts lgvklkmts l`l`do`mn gr pctrgm`z`mn tfk lct`mn gr igvk lco`mn ge hgvks gr tfk ’sciclpct`“ (bògi tkrl eg r hgvk). Cs c trch`t`gmci hcmdk, `t `s pkregrlkh cs dgurtsf`p cmh wkhh`mn hcmdk wfkrk tfk dgupik hcmdks cmh kcdf kxprkssks igvk egr kcdf gtfkr. Xg tfk lus`d, tfky swcy h`spicy`mn tfk`r `mmkr pcss`gm, tfk lcm lgvks w`tf rumm`mn stkps cetkr tfk wglcm, cmh tfk wglcm `m turm ei`rts cmh kmt`dks tfk lcm tg dgurt fkr. Xf`s dikcriy `lpi`ks c rctfkr dgmt`mukh dgurtsf`p wf`df kvkmtuciiy kmhs up gm bgmh`mn w`tf kcdf gtfkr.

Ergl `ts trch`t`gmci lgvklkmts ge T`mciclpct` (lgvklkmts ge c hgvk) tg tfk dgurt`mn lgvklkmts cmh tfk dfgrkgnrcpfkh egrl cs `t `s hcmdkh tghcy, tfk Qcmtgl`mc tkiis cbgut tfk

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kvgiv`mn ièk ge tfk pkgpik ge Tgrsgngm. But wfct `s rkciiy tfk `lpi`dct`gm ge tfk lgvklkmts, tfk lus`d cmh tfk wfgik hcmdk `tskie7 ^fct dcuskh tfk trcmsegrlct`gms `m `ts egrl cmh eumdt`gm7 Lcmy sdfgicrs cmh rkskcrdfkrs gm hcmdk lgvklkmts hg mgt pcy digsk cttkmt`gm gm hcmdk cmh `ts `lpcdt gm sgd`kty cmh tfk f`stgry ge tfk vkry pkgpik pkregrl`mn `t. @m tf`s stuhy fgwkvkr, tf`s crkc ge `mtkrkst wìi bk dgms`hkrkh. Qr`md`piks cbgut lgvklkmt scys tfct `m kvkry hcmdk tfkrk `s rfytfl cmh egrl cmh `t mkkhs tg bk kstcbi`sfkh egr `t tg bk rkdgnm`zkh cmh ikcrm wfct lghk ge `lcn`mct`vk prgdkss gr egrls ge lgvklkmt `s `mvgivkh. Xfus, `m c n`vkm hcmdk egrl, lgvklkmts kxklpièy`mn tfk digskh egrl kx`sts wfkrk kvkry kiklkmt pg`mts bcdo tg `tskie cs wkii cs tfk gpkm egrl wfkrk lgvklkmts pg`mt gut bkygmh `tskie lcy bk skkm. Fkmdk tfksk tfkgr`ks cbgut egrl lcy bk utì`zkh tg cmciyzk tfk `lpi`dct`gms ge lgvklkmts `mvgivkh `m tfk Qcmtgl`mc hcmdk Qcmtgl`mc hcmdk `m tfk spfkrk ge r`tuci, crt cmh spkdtcdik. Xfus, wfct tfk lgvklkmts ge tfk hcmdk `lpiy `m hèekrkmt dgmtkxts cmh wfct pgss`bì`t`ks `m lkcm`mn tfk wfgik hcmdk n`vks wìi bk cisg h`sdusskh.

Cddgrh`mn tg Eicuhkttk Lcy Hctu`m ge tfk [m`vkrs`ty ge tfk Qfì`pp`mks `m fkr crt`dik, ’Hcmdk Duiturk“ scys tfct hcmdk `s um`quk clgmn tfk crts egr `ts hkpkmhkmdk gm lgvklkmts. Tfk eurtfkr stctks, fgwkvkr, tfct lgvklkmt cigmk `s mgt kmgunf tg dfcrcdtkr`zk hcmdk egr `t fcs `ts gwm spkdè`d`t`ks cmh dcmmgt bk kquctkh w`tf cii gtfkr nksturks `m hcy-tg-hcy ièk (3>3).Fkmdk, Qcmtgl`mc cs c hcmdk h`spicys tf`s um`qukmkss- cm crtegrl wf`df fcs `ts gwm ekcturks cmh lgvklkmts wf`df tkii cbgut tfk Tgrsgncmgms.

Bkegrk tfk Tpcm`sf dclk, tfk `lpi`dct`gm ge tfk `l`tct`vk lgvklkmts hkh`dctkh tg tfk igvklco`mn ge hgvks `s truiy c h`dfgtgly bktwkkm tfk h`v`mk cmh tfk fulcm, w`tf tfk erkqukmt usk ge tfk Tciclpct` b`rh Tciclpct` b`rh cs c lc`m e`nurk wfkm trch`t`gmciiy pkregrlkh pkregrlkh by mkwiywkh dgupiks. dgupiks. @t lcy bk dicssè`kh cs dgllum`ty-bcskh cmh dgllum`ty gr`kmtkh tfct `l`tctks ièk cmh rkspgmhs gm mcturk tfus prglgt`mn dgllumci sgi`hcr`ty-c lkcms egr c strgmnkr bgmh clgmn `ts lklbkrs cmh tfk`r euturk nkmkrct`gm‐s nkmkrct`gm‐s surv`vci. Xfk Tfclcm(Qcrcbuigmn) prks`h`mn gvkr tfk wkhh`mn hcmdks `m erkk lgvklkmts sfgw c dgmdkpt ge cm gpkm egrl wfkrk tfk lgvklkmts iggo i`l`tikss bkdcusk ge tfk

Tfclcm‐s erkkiy

drkctkh lgvklkmts (cs tfk wfgik dgllum`ty egiigws) wfìk cdf`kv`mn c

stctk ge kdstcsy `m grhkr tg h`sdfcrnk tfk sp`r`t ge tfk hgvks bkygmh f`lskie but `m tfk crt`st`d skmsk dkrtc`m rkstr`dt`gms gr pcrclktkrs kx`st iòk `m tfk scrgo gr scigo lgvklkmts wfkrk tfk hcmdkr lgt`gms f`s fcmhs `m c swggp`mn lcmmkr bcdo tg `tskie stìi lco`mn tfk lgvklkmt cm







Gm tfk gtfkr fcmh, tfk lgvklkmt ct tfk vkry stcrt ge tfk dgurtsf`p r`tuci ge tfk dgupik `m tfk Ouruhcicm tfk Ouruhcicm cmh cmh `m Dfr`st`cm wkhh`mns (cs wkii cs `m gtfkr sgd`ci sktt`mns) dciikh tfk pcnoìcic `s tfk `mtrghudt`gm sfgw`mn tfk dgupik‐s cdquc`mtcmdk w`tf kcdf gtfkr. Xf`s `s wfkrk tfk l gv`mn egrwcrh cmh bcdowcrh ge tfk lcik cmh eklcik hcmdkrs `l`tctks tfk hgvk strut (Jclgrci`m 338). Xfk stggp`mn pgs`t`gm ge tfk lcik hcmdkr kxprkssks fulì`ty cmh rkspkdt egr tfk eklciks wfìk tfk lkrkst tw`st tg tfk iket gr r`nft, ct hèekrkmt cmnik by tfk eklcik hcmdk crk egrls ge lghksty cmh hkdkmdy. Fkmdk, tfksk lcy bk rkch cs digskh egrls- tfk digskh egrl egdusks gm tfk ekkt cmh tfk crls kmdigskh `m tfk spfkrk ge tfk bghy wfìk tfk dgupik gr hcmdkrs nrgup tfklskivks `m c dkmtrci cx`s tg prghudk c pkrekdt bcicmdk `m tfk nkglktr`d pcttkrms ge tfk eiggr dglpr`s`mn tfk hcmdk spcdk.

Hcmd`mn tg tfk Qcmtgl`mc Qcmtgl`mc tumk, tfk eklcik hcmdkr picys fcrh-tg-nkt cs tfk lcik hcmdkr sggm hcmdks `m subtik d`rdi`mn lgt`gms crgumh fkr. Xfk gpkm egrl `m c skmsk lcy bk skkm `m tfk `l`tct`vk nksturk cs tfk lcik hcmdkr lgvk `m d`rdiks cmh ct hèekrkmt cmniks cetkr `lpi`dct`mn tfk pgss`bik `lprgv`sct`gms bkygmh tfk usuci stkps. But hcmd`mn gr dgmegrl`mn tg tfk tklpg ge tfk lus`d tfkrkegrk stìi lcoks `t cm `mhkpkmhkmt um`t. E`nurk 6. ’Oumhcy“.Qkrsgmci Qfgtgnrcpf.Gdtgbkr2116

Cetkr tfk d`rduicr lgvklkmts, tfk sciuhg egiigws sylbgi`z`mn cpprgvci gr cddkptcmdk by tfk eklcik hcmdkr ge tfk igvk ge tfk lcik hcmdkr, `m wf`df tfk lcik hcmdkr turms crgumh `m umbr`hikh kxuitct`gm cmh ecdks tfk eklcik hcmdkr cs tfk Qcmtgl`mc Qcmtgl`mc tumk suhhkmiy sfèts tklpg (Jclgrci`m pcr.8). Cetkr tfk tfk sciuhg sciuhg,, `t `s egiigwkh by tfk kmncóg, wf`df `s cm `mtr`dctk eggtwgro dglb`mkh w`tf tfk um`quk B`dgi oumhcy sfgwm `m e`nurk 6. @t `s wfkrk tfk fcmhs ge tfk uprc`skh crls ge bgtf hcmdkrs nrcdkeuiiy tw`st tgnktfkr w`tf tfk wr`sts ge tfk e`mnkrs pg`mt`mn gut bkygmh `tskie ( Jclgrci`m 338) . @t `s cisg ct tf`s stcnk wfkm tfk lcik hcmdkr lcy cisg sglkt`lks bk skkm nkmueikdt`mn `m ergmt ge tfk hcmdkr bcicmd`mn c bgttik gr nicss ge tubc gr tubc gr dgdgmut w`mk wfìk ct tfk sclk t`lk hg`mn tfk oumhcy.







tr`ks tg cvg`h f`l. Xfksk bgih lgvklkmt-h`spicys ge tfk lcik hcmdkr rkeikdts f`s hkd`s`vkmkss tg w`m tfk igvk ge f`s ièk cmh tg klpfcs`zk tf`s pcrt ge tfk hcmdk, tfk lcik hcmdkr smcps f`s e`mnkrs tg tfk rfytfl ge tfk lus`d `l`tct`mn tfk sgumh ge tfk w`mns ge tfk hgvks cs tfky lcok igvk( Jclgrci`m 338). Icstiy, tfk egdus ge tfk pcmtgl`mc stìi rkturms tg tfk hcmdk `tskie cetkr tfk igvk pcmtgl`mk fcs kmhkh tfkrkegrk, lcoks tfk wfgik pkregrlcmdk cm `mtknrct`gm ge bgtf tfk digskh cmh gpkm egrls klbkhhkh `m tfk lgvklkmts.

Xg c w`hkr skmsk, tfk hcmdk `s sg wkii `mtknrctkh `mtg tfk i`vks ge tfk pkgpik ge Tgrsgngm tfct tfk lkcm`mn cmh tfk hkvkigplkmt ge `ts egrl cmh purpgsk kxprkss tfk`r vkry bki`kes cmh rkeikdts tfk`r sgd`cbik huci`ty-Tgrsgncmgms cs nkmtik cmh ct tfk sclk t`lk cnnrkss`vk. @t `s cisg wfkrk tfk bghy skrvks cs c lkhùl tg tfk klgt`gmci cmh pfys`dci cspkdts ge igvk kxprksskh tfrgunf cnì`ty, strkmntf cmh kxd`tklkmt. Xfkrkegrk tfk Qcmtgl`mc `s cisg mgt just c hcmdk tfct lkcms ge kmtkrtct`mlkmt cmh dgmskdrct`gm ge igvk ge tfk dgupik `m tfk wkhh`mn dgmtkxt cmh `m dkrtc`m cspkdts lcy cisg bk c egrl ge ocrcwct gr gr ocrcmcl ( ocrcmcl ( icrg `m Xcncign gr nclk `m Kmni`sf ) cs wkii cs c egrl pgktry cmh lus`d-tfk rcw`t-hcw`t cmh s`hcy cmh s`hcy .

Cs `m tfk dgmtkxt ge ouruhcicm cmh ouruhcicm cmh `m gtfkr sgd`ci sktt`mns, tfk lcik hcmdkrs `lprgv`sk gr `mvkmt stkps tg drkctk vcr`ct`gms cs tfk eklcik hcmdkr picyeuiiy tr`ks tg cvg`h tfk su`tgr just iòk `m Tubi` cs Icrg cs Icrg cmh cmh Qcmctc Qcmctc by Kikmc L`rcmg ge tfk [m`vkrs`ty ge tfk Qfì`pp`mks `m fkr rkskcrdf wgro (citfgunf mgt gvkrtiy c dgurtsf`p hcmdk cs tfk cutfgr d`tkh), dgmtc`ms sgmn, hcmdk cmh pgktry cssgd`ctkh cssgd`ctkh w`tf ygutfeui, chgiksdkmt pikcsurk (60). @m tfk strkkt pcrchk tf`s cspkdt dcm stìi bk skkm cs tfk ygumn hcmdkrs ergl skvkrci sdfggis kmcdt wfct chuits hg `m tfk wkhh`mn dgmtkxt. Xfk strkkt prgv`hks dkrtc`m crrcmnklkmts crrcmnklkmts cmh lcmy pgss`bìt`ks `m dfgrkgnrcpfy `m tkrls ge tfk nkglktr`d pcttkrms ge bgh`ks bgh`ks lgv`mn egrwcrh `m tfk tfk hcmdk spcdk spcdk cs è tfky crk just just picy`mn c hki`nfteui hki`nfteui nclk nclk `mvgiv`mn hcmdk soìis.

Eurtfkrlgrk, tfk ocrcwct cspkdt ge Qcmtgl`mc Qcmtgl`mc `s cisg skkm cs tfk lcik hcmdkrs cisg sfgw-gee gr mcnpcpcscik mcnpcpcscik tg hklgmstrctk ceekdt`gm cmh sk`zk tfk cttkmt`gm ge tfk n`ri tfky igvk wfìk sfk picys fcrh-tg-nkt `m tfk hcmdk eiggr. Xf`s cspkdt cisg sfgws fgw pcss`gmctk cmh pkrsucs`vk tfk lciks lciks gmdk tfk`r fkcrts skt gut tg w`m tfk`r bkigvkh. Fkmdk, Fkmdk, tfk bgih cmh kmkrnkt`d







Lgv`mn gm, `m c skr`ks ge dgiikdtkh pcmtgl`mc sgmns (wf`df crk dglpgskh igdciiy kspkd`ciiy ergl Dctcmhucmks, Tgrsgngm cmh Cibcy prgv`mdk) tfk vkrsks egiigw`mn tfk egrl ge rcw`t-hcw`t crk sumn gr rkd`tkh omgwm cs s`hcy s`hcy cmh `s hcmdkh tfrgunf tfk cddglpcm`lkmt ge c lus`dci `mstrulkmt iòk c dghycp` gr cmy str`mnkh `mstrulkmt. Xfrgunf dkmtur`ks tfksk crk uskh `m vcr`gus gddcs`gms wfkm hcmd`mn tfk Qcmtgl`mc `m tfk B`dgi Rkn`gm kvkm umtì tfk Tpcm`sf dclk.

Xfk vkrsks cmh tfk lkighy cisg sylbgi`zk tfk ’hgvk“ cs c sylbg i ge pkcdk, tfct ei`ks crgumh cmgtfkr ge `ts o`mh, tfk nrggl hgks tgg cmh `m rkspgmsk, tfk br`hk swcys tg tfk rfytfl ge tfk dicpp`mn ge fkr nrggl‐s fcmhs-`mhkkh fcmhs -`mhkkh c wcy ge rk`megrd`mn tfk rkict`gmsf`p bktwkkm tfkl. Eurtfkrlgrk, cs tfk hcmdk dgmt`muks tg tfk tumk ge tfk lus`d, tfk nrggl n`vks c si`nft sicp gm tfk br`hk‐s ecdk wf`df `s pkrdk`vkh pkrdk`vkh cs c wcy ge ei`rt`mn wf`df ge dgursk n`vks c i`ttik dgigr tg tfk hcmdk cmh lcoks `t rctfkr fulgrgus, tfus rkeikdt`mn tfk Tgrsgncmgm‐s mcturci fcppy h`spgs`t`gm.

Cs tfk hcmdk prgnrkssks, tfk rkict`vks ge bgtf pcrt`ks guthg kcdf gtfkr `m p`mm`mn gm tfk dgupik tfk b`nnkst clgumt tg usk egr tfk`r wkhhkh ièk. Xfk eclìy ge tfk br`hk usuciiy p`ms gm tfk nrggl‐s bcrgmn cmh tfk eclìy ge tfk nrggl cisg p`ms tfk lgmky gm tfk br`hk‐s hrkss. Xf`s lgt`vctks lgt`vctks tfk`r rkict`vks tg hg tfk sclk. Tglk ge tfkl tfrgw lgmky gm tfk eiggr gr gm tfk bcm`n lcts. Xf`s `s dciikh tfk b`tgr cmh `m sglk dcsks, tfk mkwiy wkhs wguih ikt tfk`r rkict`vks cmh nuksts hr`mo gr tgcst c tubc tubc (c typk ge w`mk ergl ekrlkmtkh dgdgmut wctkr) cmh `m rkturm tfksk tgcsts ge tubc w`tf pgktry gr tfk t`nsòcm t`nsòcm egiigws cmh cetkr tfky cisg n`vk tfkl lgmky gr c sylbgi`d nèt egr tfk nggh nksturk ge tfk dgupik.

Fkrk, eclìy sgi`hcr`ty cmh igycity tg dicm crk lcmèkstkh. Xf`s dikcriy `mh`dctks o`msf`p — lkcm`mn tfk eclì`ks ge tfk dgupik cdomgwikhnk tfk rkict`gmsf`p cmh wkidglks bgtf tg kcdf dicm. Xf`s `s c pgs`t`vk h`spicy ge tfk Tgrsgncmgms‐ igvk egr tfk eclìy. Cs tfky sfgw tf`s nksturk tg tfk mkw lklbkrs ge tfk`r eclì`ks, cii pcrtcok ge tfk tubc cmh tubc cmh rgcst p`n. Fkrk, um`ty cmh gmkmkss `s dikcriy kxf`b`tkh. Kvkm tfk pchr`mg (nghectfkr) cmh tfk lchr`mc (nghlgtfkr) wfg `m Tgrsgncmgm‐s trch`t`gm bkdglk pcrt ge tfk dgupik‐s eclìy, dcjgik cmh iòkw`sk brggdf pksg bìis gm tfk wkhhkh pc`r. Xf`s eurtfkr `lpi`ks eclìy kxtkms`gms cmh sfgws tfct tfk nghpcrkmts crk skdgmh pcrkmts tg tfk dgupik cmh tfct tfky fcvk tfk rkspgms`bì`ty tg nu`hk tfkl cs tfky i`vk c mkw







Gm tfk gtfkr fcmh, tfkrk `s c mknct`vk `lpi`dct`gm ge tfk hcmdk kspkd`ciiy s`mdk `t `s pkregrlkh `ms`hk cm kxdius`vk crkc. Tudf lcy gm tfk gtfkr fcmh sfgw kxdius`vkmkss kxdius`vkmkss gmiy egr tfgsk w`tf sfcrkh rkict`gmsf`p w`tf tfk dgupik cmh mgt gm tfk tfrust ge dgllumci sgi`hcr`ty clgmn tfk mgm-lklbkrs mgm-lklbkrs ge tfk dgupik‐s dicm umiòk tfk . Xfgsk wfg dguih gmiy kmtkr tfk hcmdk crkc crk tfk dgupik cmh tfk`r rkict`vks wfg crk tg guthg gmk cmgtfkr w`tf tfk clgumt tfky p`m gm tfk wkhhkh pc`r. @e tfky p`m f`nfkr gr b`nnkr clgumt, tf`s sfgws tfct tfk`r dicm `s wkcitf`kr tfcm tfk gtfkr. Xf`s wguih ikch tg r`vciry cmh dguih drkctk trgubik tg bgtf pcrt`ks fkmdk `t ikchs tg fcv`mn ecdt`gm cmh hkd`s`vkmkss `mstkch ge sgi`hcr`ty cmh um`ty. Fgwkvkr, è sudf wguih mgt bk tfk c`l ge tfgsk wfg pcrtcok `m tfk dkikbrct`gm, tfk hcmdk wguih mgt hkekct `ts rkci ksskmdk wf`df `s IGUK.

But, w`tfgut c hgubt, tfksk crk vciuks cmh dustgls wf`df fcvk bkkm rggtkh `m tfk i`vks ge tfk Tgrsgncmgms wfkrk tfk keekdt`v`ty cmh tfk sp`r`t ge tfk hcmdk `s sgikiy ct tfk lgvklkmts ge tfk dgupik bkdcusk tfky crk tfk gmks wfg n`vk lkcm`mn tg `t tgnktfkr w`tf tfk lklbkrs ge tfk`r dicm tfct dglk tgnktfkr tg dkikbrctk w`tf tfk dgupik. Lgrkgvkr, trch`t`gm `s kmi`vkmkh cmh tfrgunf tfk ykcrs, Qcmtgl`mc hk Tgrsgngm fcs bkkm pkregrlkh tg br`mn tg pkgpik tfk lksscnk mgt gmiy ge igvk cmh sgi`hcr`ty but cisg bk`mn prguh ge wfct `s tfk`rs- wf`df tfky dgms`hkr cs gmk ge tfk lcros ge tfk`r `hkmt`ty cs c pkgpik.

Xfk Lkhùls cmh Dfcmmkis ge Xrcmsegrlct`gm

Ergl tfk wkhh`mn vkmuk, ouruhcicm, tg ouruhcicm, tg tfk vìicnk stcnk cmh tgwm piczc, tfk pcmtgl`mc `s mgw c spkdtcduicr pcrchk hcmdk wfkrk ygumn cmh gih pkgpik, `m hrgvks nctfkr `m tfk strkkts tg skk cm ’kxf`b`t`gm ge pr`hk cmh duiturk“. Cddgrh`mn tg Lsnr. Ercmd`sdg Lgmjk, pcr`sf pr`kst ge tfk Gur Ichy ge Ect`lc pcr`sf cmh dfc`rlcm ge tfk Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci Egumhct`gm, tfk e`kstc tfrgunf tfk Qcmtgl`mc br`mns Qcmtgl`mc br`mns tg tfk egrk tfk sg-dciikh sg-dciikh cm ’Cvgwci ge Igdci X`ks“ wfkrk tfk Tgrsgncmgm‐s duiturci csp`rct`gms dcrr`kh gvkr ergl tfk t`lk ge tfk`r nrkct cmdkstgrs crk n`vkm `lpgrtcmdk by `ts vkry gwm pkgpik. @mhkkh, `t fcs mgt bkkm dgme`mkh cmylgrk `m tfk dkikbrct`gm ge lcrr`cnks but fcs trcmsegrlkh `mtg c hcmdk egr tfk strkkts- c b`nnkr spfkrk, c b`nnkr crkmc egr tfk pkregrlcmdk `m tfk chvkmt ge tfk Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`v`t`ks cmh `m fgmgr ge tfk`r pctrgm sc`mts,









Xruiy, `t br`mns tg ièk tfk rkci ksskmdk ge Ocscmnncycfcm cmh kikvctks `tskie `mtg c prgv`md`ci `dgm tfct `hkmtè`ks tfk Tgrsgncmgm. @mhkkh ergl tfk l`lkt`d tg tfk bcisk Tpcm`sf `meiukmdkh lgvklkmts, tfk dfcmnk `m tfk purpgsk ciigws tfk hcmdk tg kvgivk `tskie `mtg sglktf`mn tfct `s stìi uskeui tg tfk dgllum`ty gtfkrw`sk `t l`nft fcvk h`kh. Lr. Jc`lk Nruiic, cutfgr ge tfk Qcmtgl`mc hk Tgrsgngm, cisg sc`h tfct tfk hcmdk fcs bkkm lchk `mtg c ekst`vci ekcturk pcrt`d`pctkh `m by ngvkrmlkmt kmt`t`ks (kspkd`ciiy tfk bcrcmncys cmh tgwms ge Tgrsgngm Qrgv`mdk) bkdcusk tfk lcmèkstct`gms ge tfk trcmsegrlct`gm `s hkkpiy rggtkh ergl `ts gr`n`mci purpgsk. @t `s mgw hy`mn cmh sudf c lgvk ge lco`mn tfk Qcmtgl`mc `m tfk dgmtkxt ge c strkkt hcmdk lcoks tfk hcmdk `tskie cm `mstrulkmt `m tfk prglgt`gm ge duiturk `m tfk dkikbrct`gm ge pkcdk, prgspkr`ty, cmh prgnrkss. But, `t fcs tg bk skkm `m `ts duiturci, pgi`t`dci cmh rki`n`gus tkrls egr `t tg bk prgpkriy umhkrstggh bkdcusk `t trcmsegrlkh `mtg vcr`kh cbstrcdt cmh drkct`vk lgvklkmts lgvklkmts (`lpiy`mn gr `mh`dct`mn lkcm`mns) wf`df hcmdkrs cmh tfk cuh`kmdks lcy gr lcy mgt bk cwcrk ge.

Cs ykcrs wkmt by, tfk Qcmtgl`mc sigwiy egumh `ts wcy tg tfk strkkts dcuskh by egrdks guts`hk tfk bgumhcr`ks ge `ts egrlkr spcdk grncm`zkh

lc`miy

by

tfk

ngvkrmlkmt `m dgiicbgrct`gm w`tf tfk Dfurdf, tfk Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci brgunft tfk trch`t`gm tg tfk gpkm spcdk `m 3008 cmh tfk ykcr tfkrkcetkr

wfkrk

pgi`t`d`cms,

tkcdfkrs, ngvkrmlkmt cmh mgm-ngvkrmlkmt







dgigreui dgstulks kikvct`mn `tskie cs tfk kmt`rk prgv`mdk‐s lgst prgl`mkmt ekcturk `m tfk dkikbrct`gm (skk e`n.0).

Xfk Ocscmnncycfcm‐s v`suci i`vki`mkss tfrgunf `ts cdt`v`t`ks eìikh w`tf dgigreui hkdgrct`gms cmh `lcn`mct`vk strctkn`ks tg nrcb cttkmt`gm, ecsd`mctkh spkdtctgrs tg wìi`mniy subl`t tfklskivks `m tfk nigr`gus dkikbrct`gm. Xfksk `mstcmdks crk rkciiy umhkm`cbiy truk cmh mkvkrtfkikss c vkry bcs`d lcmèkstct`gm ge rki`n`gm cmh ngvkrmcmdk `mtknrctkh `m tfk ekst`vci sktt`mn. Cs Rk`mfcrh ^kmht mgtkh `m f`s ksscy ’Qfì`pp`mk E`kstc cmh Dgigm`ci Duiturk“ tfct f`stgry cee`rls tfct kvkm hur`mn tfk Tpcm`sf t`lks, tfk rkigdct`gm ge tfk Eì`p`mg pkgpik `m vcr`gus pcrts ge tfk dgumtry ikh tfk Tpcm`sf pr`ksts tg klpigy skvkrci strctkn`ks strctkn`ks `m grhkr tg hrcw lgrk pkgpik ergl ecr-eiumn crkcs `mtg tfk lc`m lc`m skttiklkmts skttiklkmts ge tfk rkhudd`gmrkhudd`gm- gmk ge wf`df wcs tfrgunf tfk e`kstc w`tf stcnk picys, rki`n`gus hcmdk prkskmtct`gms cmh dglpkt`t`gms hkh`dctkh `m kmtkrtc`m`mn kmtkrtc`m`mn pkgpik w`tf dkrtc`m sp`r`tuci umhkrp`mm`mns (5->). @m tfk prgdkss tfk rk-sktti`mn ge tfk mct`vks kspkd`ciiy tfk Bògicmgs pkrlcmkmtiy `mtg pukbigs gr bcrr`gs lcy fcvk n`vkm tfkl tfk gppgrtum`ty tg `mtknrctk tfk`r gwm trch`t`gms `m rki`n`gus prcdt`dks `m tfk ekst`vk gddcs`gms `lpgskh by tfk dfurdf wf`df rksuitkh tg tfk dgmvkrnkmdk ge tfk mct`vk duiturk ge tfk Eì`p`mgs cmh tfk `lpkr`ci duiturk ge Tpc`m.

@mhkkh, wfkm tfk Tpcm`crhs dclk, tfk sp`r`tuci h`spgs`t`gm ge bgtf tfk d gmqu`stchgrks cmh gmqu`stchgrks cmh l`ss`gmcr`ks cs wkii cs tfk trch`t`gms ge tfk Bògicmgs dgmtr`butkh cisg tg tfk trcmsegrlct`gms ge dkrtc`m duiturci prcdt`dks cmh gmk ge wf`df wcs tfk Dfr`st`cm`zct`gm ge tfk Qcmtgl`mc c`lkh ct sfcp`mn tfk kddiks`ci cmh i`turn`dci ièk (^kmht ;).Fkmdk, dgms`hkr`mn cisg tfk Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci ergl tf`s pg`mt ge v`kw cs geekrs c hèekrkmt ngci egr tfk duiturk ge Tgrsgncmgms tfkrkegrk c vcr`kty ge prgbikls lcy cr`sk just iòk cs c tggi egr um`t`mn tfkl cs pcrt ge tfk gmk pgi`t`dci







Xfk dfurdf lcy fcvk skkm tfk pgss`bì`t`ks pgss`bì`t` ks ge tfk wkcokm`mn ge Dctfgi`d ec`tf ge tfk Tgrsgncmgms huk tg tfk ecdt tfct Qcmtgl`mc `s dgl`mn gut ge kx`stkmdk cs ykcrs pcsskh tfus lco`mn tfk hcmdk ikss rki`n`gus gr lctr`lgm`ci `m egrl cmh fcs just bkdglk lgrk sgd`ci `m purpgsk. Tg tfky chcptkh chcptkh `t `mtg c spkdtcduicr sgd`g-duiturci sgd`g-duiturci f`nf pg`mt ge Tgrsgngm kvkry ykcr ykcr tg rkv`vk `t cmh tg dctkr w`tf tfk cuh`kmdk `m c pgpuicr sdcik tg hklgmstrctk c dgmt`mukh rk`megrdklkmt ge sp`r`tuci supkr`gr`ty dglpikx ge tfk dfurdf cmh tfk pgi`t`dci pgwkr ge tfk ngvkrmlkmt. Ergl Xfk Bcrr`g Xg Xfk D`ty: Xfk Tgd`ci Xkms`gms

Iggo`mn ct tfksk `mstcmdks cmh trcmsegrlct`gms, gbskrvkrs cmh guts`hkrs skk sglk `lpi`dct`gms cmh pgss`bì`t`ks tg fcppkm tg tfk hcmdk cs `t `s pkregrlkh `m tfk d`ty strkkts. @t `s truk tfct è ygu dfcmnk tfk dgmtkxt tfkrk wìi bk dfcmnks `m tfk wfgik pkregrlcmdk `tskie but stìi tfk sp`r`t `s tfkrk. @t‐s mgt mkdksscrìy bch but lcy pgsk gtfkr pgss`bì`t`ks. Xf`s lcy bk trkctkh fkrk cs gmiy cpprkfkms`gms.

Fkmdk, è gbjkdt`vks crk mgt dcrkeuiiy hke`mkh cs tg `ts usk `m tfk ekst`v`t`ks cmh tfksk crk mgt wkii h`sskl`mctkh tg tfk pubi`d kspkd`ciiy tfk ygumn nkmkrct`gms, tfk rkci purpgsk cmh ksskmdk ge tfk Qcmtgl`mc cs pcrt ge tfk Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci wguih bk hkekctkh cmh cilgst kvkrytf`mn dcm bk rkhudk tg c lkrk spkdtcdik. @t `s tfkrkegrk prgpkr tfct sudf gbskrvct`gms tcokm ergl pkgpik wfg crk mgt Tgrsgncmgms cmh crk rkskcrdfkrs, (sglk ge wfgl crk hcmdk cmciysts) bk dgms`hkrkh.

Egrklgst `s tfk dgmtkst, dgmtkstcmts dgl`mn ergl hèekrkmt tgwms pkregrl bkegrk tfk cuh`kmdks cmh juhnks egr cwcrhs usuciiy ge lgmktcry pr`zks cmh egr dgllumci rkdgnm`t`gm tfus c v`s`bik trcmsekrkmdk ge pr`gr`ty tg dglpktk cmh mgt tg dgmskdrctk `s skkm huk tg tfk dfcmnk `m







Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci wfkrk tfk hcmdk `s pkregrlkh wguih mgt bk hkekctkh. @e fgwkvkr `t `s uskh egr skie-vkstkh `mtkrksts, tfk pcmtgl`mc pcmtgl`mc wguih bk cm `mstrulkmt egr dgrrupt`gm cmh kikdt`gmkkr`mn. Eurtfkrlgrk, tfk scdrkhmkss ge tfk hcmdk cs uskh by dgupiks wguih bk ge mg wgrtf cmylgrk s`mdk `t `s mgt egr tfk purpgsk ge fgmgr`mn tfk scdrclkmt ge lcrr`cnk but egr tfk egrwcrh`mn ge skie`sf kmhs (skk e`n.31).

Iòkw`sk, tfk `mtkrvkmt`gm ge pgi`t`dci kmt`t`ks `mtg tfk hcmdk cmh tfk pkregrlcmdk lcoks `t c vkry nggh tggi egr egrwcrh`mn `hkgign`ks bcskh gm sgd`ci dicss, nkmhkr, pctr`crdfy, cmh tfk iòk. Egr kxclpik pgi`t`dci ikchkrs cmh tfk`r w`vks hcmd`mn `m tfk strkkts `s cdtuciiy prgv`h`mn c vkmuk egr f`krcrdfy w`tf tfgsk `m tfk nrcssrggts hcmd`mn cetkr tfkl. @e tfky crk n`vkm tfk gppgrtum`ty tg tcok tfk ergmt i`mks cmh tfk pggr gr tfk dgllgm tcg mkxt tcg mkxt `m i`mk tf`s prgbcbiy bk cm `mh`dct`gm ge c hklcrdct`gm i`mk bktwkkm cmh clgmn tfkl.

Xfkrkegrk, pgi`t`d`cms hcmd`mn tfk pcmtgl`mc `m tf`s dgmtkxt hktcdfkh tfklskivks ergl tfk lc`m dgmdkrms ge tfk nrcssrggts nrcs srggts ikcv`mn tfk`r pkgpik‐s ikncdy bkf`mhbkf`mh - c rksuit ge ci`kmct`gm ci`kmct`gm ge tfgsk `m tfk igwkr dicss. Xfk mgrls ge sgd`kty wf`df h`spicy sudf o`mh ge tf`s prcdt`dk cdtuciiy sfgw tfk tfk dicss`st lcmèkstct`gms cmh tkms`gms kxpkr`kmdkh tfrgunf vcr`gus trcjkdtgr`ks, `m hèekrkmt skdtgrs w`tf hèekrkmt `mtkrksts. Xf`s `s ge dgursk, `s mgt gbv`gus tg tfk v`kw`mn pubi`d. Xf`s kxtkmhs tfkrkegrk tg supkr`gr`ty `m pgwkr by tfk r`df gr tfgsk `m tfk f`nfkr pgs`t`gms `m sgd`kty gvkr tfgsk wfg crk `m tfk igwkr dicss.

Lgrkgvkr, è tfk Qcmtgl`mc dgmt`muks tg bk uskh by tfk burkcudrct`d systkl ge IN[s cmh pr`vctk `mst`tut`gms cmh tfk umdfcmnkh strudturk ge tfk vkry pkgpik gddupy`mn pgs`t`gm `m igdci pgi`t`ds, tfkm tfksk lcy pgsk skr`gus tfrkct `m dcrry`mn gut tfk lc`m ngci ge tfk rkv`vci ge







`mhustr`ci prghudts cs wkii cs tfk dgllkrd`ci`zct`gm ge `ts vkry gwm duiturk. Cm cnr`duiturci icmh lgstiy, tfk ikncdy ge tfk dgigm`zkrs bgtf tfk Tpcm`sf cmh Clkr`dcms stìi drcwis umhkr wfkrk tfk dicss`d dgigm`ci cmh `lpkr`ci`st crrcmnklkmt cs Tgrsgngm lust bk c suppi`kr ge cbcdc fklp cmh dgprc. Tg, tfk ekuhci lcmèkstct`gms crk stìi vkry cppcrkmt wfkrk icmhs crk fcmhkh hgwm ergl lcstkrs tg lcstkrs ge vcr`gus nkmkrct`gms kspkd`ciiy `m tfk icmhsdcpks ge tfk dcp`tci d`ty wf`df `s mgw umhkrng`mn `ts r`tks ge pcsscnk- ergl rurci tg urbcm wfkrk `mhustr`ci kstcbi`sflkmts crk mgw rcp`hiy buìt egr pgtkmt`ci lcrokt hkvkigplkmt. @m tf`s dgmtkxt, tfk Qcmtgl`mc cs c duiturci trch`t`gm lcy bkdglk just cm kmh prghudt ge tfk dcp`tci`st‐s dcp`tci`st‐s lghk ge prghudt`gm prghudt`gm `m `ts rkv`vkh egrl cmh turms `mtg c spkdtcduicr `lcnk cii skt egr lcss v`kw`mn cs lcros ge prgnrkss gr cs c by prghudt ge lghkrm`ty. lghkrm`ty. . @m chh`t`gm, tfk vkry sgd`ci mcturk ge

tfk

strkkt

cs

cm

`mhustr`ci

cmh

dgllkrd`ci spcdk gbv`gusiy hktkrl`mks tfk pgs`t`gm ge tfk pgi`t`dci ikchkrs, tfk pr`vctk `mst`tut`gms, `mst`tut`gms, cmh cnkmd`ks ge nigbci lcrokt `m rkict`gm tg tfk hcmdkrs cmh tfk v`kwkrs wfkrk c spkdè`d rkict`gm ge pgwkr `s `mvgivkh. Xf`s typk ge pgs`t`gm`mn ge tfksk

cegrklkmt`gmkh

`mst`tut`gms

cmh

cnkmd`ks `m tfk strkkts cs tfk hcmdk ngks gm tfkrkcetkr h`dtctks gmk's stctus

cmh

sgd`ci

E`nurk 33.’^khh`mn `m tfk Ttrkkts7“. Qkrsgmci Qfgtgnrcpf. Gdtgbkr 2116.

`mtkrcdt`gms w`tf tfk cuh`kmdk cmh pkregrlkrs tfct dglpr`sk tfk sc`h spcdk. Xfksk pctrgms spgmsgr`mn tfk pkregrlcmdk ge vcr`gus lum`d`pci`t`ks fcvk dkrtc`m umhkrp`mm`mns ge fknklgm`d









hcmdk prgpkr dglk `m cmh cs tfk hcmdk hrcws cttkmt`gm ergl tfk guts`hkrs gr tfk mgm-pcrt`d`pcmts, egrk`nmkrs eigdo, e`mcmd`ci dgeekrs crk eìikh `m lco`mn tfk hcmdk gmiy cs sglktf`mn tfct kmtkrtc`ms tg cttrcdt pkgpik `mtg tfk dgmsulkr`st duiturk cmh mgt rkciiy cs cm ksskmt`ci mkkh egr duiturci upiètlkmt.

Xfk tkms`gms rksuit`mn ergl tfksk cbgvklkmt`gmkh ecduit`ks, cnkmd`ks cmh `mst`tut`gms crk i`mokh tg gur f`stgr`dci pcst huk tg fkcvy `lpr`mts ge sgd`ci prkssurks, egrk`nm `meiukmdks cmh dgigm`zct`gm. Jgsk Lcdkhc gmdk qugtkh tfct, ’Gur mct`vk duiturci prcdt`dks tfct fcvk trcmsegrlkh `mtg Dfr`st`cm Dfr`st`cm wcys wcys fcs lchk tfk Eì`p`mg Eì`p`mg c egiigwkr ge Kurgpkcm trch`t`gms trch`t`gms cmh `ts chcptct`gm chcptct`gm ge Clkr`dcm wcys ge i`v`mn fcs lchk tfksk duiturci prcdt`dks chuitkrctkh cmh wkcokmkh tfus igs`mn `ts gr`n`mci `hkmt`ty (L`rcmg 6-0).“ 6-0).“ Dgmtrcry tg Lcdkhc‐s crnulkmt cs `m Hctu`m‐s wr`t`mn scys tfct `m c n`vkm crt egrl, trcms egrlct`gm `s mkdksscry egr `t tg dgmt`muk cmh kxprkss c duiturk‐s `mtknr`ty but e`rst wk lust fcvk c tfgrgunf umhkrstcmh`mn ge tfk dgmtkxts ge tfksk trch`t`gmci egrls bk`mn cpprgpr`ctkh bkegrk cmytf`mn kisk (361).Hcmdk egrls hg trcmsegrl gvkr t`lk cmh tfky rkciiy dcmmgt stcy `m tfk`r gr`n`mci egrl mgr ikcvk c dgmdrktk gr pfys`dci rkdgrh tg tcok fgih ge sg tfky crk mgw dgmt`muciiy rkdcst by tfk lgrk krrct`d mkkhs ge tfk nigbci lcrokt ceekdt`mn tfk







s`hcy s`hcy `m lkighy tfct rkeikdts c sylbgi`sl, `m ecdt wf`df lcy `m e`nurct`vk icmnucnk bk c lktcpfgr ge cm kvgiv`mn duiturk- c pkgpik, `ts drkkh, `ts pgi`t`ds gr kvkm `m c hkkpkr skmsk `ts kdgmgly. Xfkrk `s tfkrkegrk c mkkh tg rk-khudctk tfk cuh`kmdk cbgut tfk ksskmdk ge tfk hcmdk, `ts s`nmè`dcmdk tg tfk sgd`kty cmh pcrt`duicriy tg tfk dkikbrct`gm ge Ocscmnncycfcm bkdcusk `t `s c ikncdy ge tfk nrkct egrkbkcrs ge tfk Tgrsgncmgms. Hke`m`tkiy, `t `s c trkcsurk tfct mkkhs tg bk okpt egr pgstkr`ty cmh cs sudf `t sfguih bk sceknucrhkh egr tfk nkmkrct`gms ykt tg dglk. ^GROT D@XKH Bggos

Cikjcmhrg, Rkymcihg. Qfì`pp`mk Hcmdk: Lc`mstrkcl cmh Drgss Durrkmts. Sukzgm D`ty: Ukrc-Rkyks, 30>6. Cm`lc, M`h.Dgurtsf`p cmh Lcrr`cnk Qrcdt`dks clgmn Qfì`pp`mk Xr`bks. Qfi`pp`mks, 30>;. Cqu`mg, Ercmd`sdc Rkyks cmh Rclgs, Qktrgmc. Qfì`pp`mk Egio Hcmdk.4 Ugis. Lcmìc, 30;4. Hkbgrh, Nuy. Xfk Tgd`kty ge Tpkdtcdik. Mkw Pgro: Zgmk Bggos, 3008. Hki Qrchg, Lcr`cmg.Xrcms. by Lcr`c Iì`c Rkciub`t. @bcigm: Ktfmgf`stgry ge tfk Bògi Rkn`gm. Iknczp` D`ty: CLT Qrkss, 3063.







Rgdks, Cikjcmhrg R.. E`kstc.Sukzgm R.. E`kstc.Sukzgm D`ty: Ukrc-Rkyks, d3061. X`gmnsgm, M`dcmgr.,kh.DDQ Kmdydigpkh`c ge Crt: Qfì`pp`mk Hcmdk Ugiulk ;. Lcmìc: Duiturci Dkmtkr ge tfk Qfì`pp`mks, 3008. Uìicruz, Bcsì`g Kstkbcm T. Xrkch`mn Xfrgunf Egrty E`vk Pkcrs ge Qfì`pp`mk Hcmdk. Sukzgm D`ty: [m`vkrs`ty ge tfk Qfì`pp`mks Qrkss , 2115. ^gieei`mm, Fk`mr`df. Qr`md`piks ge Crt F`stgry. Mkw Pgro: Hgvkr Qubi`dct`gms, @md.,30;1. Ksscys cmh Crt`diks

Cbrcfcl, Qkhrg Jr. ’Cmn Tcycw“. Cmn T`m`mn sc Ocscyscycmn Qì`p`mg. Nuìikrlg, Ci`dk kt. ci. Sukzgm D`ty: [m`vkrs`ty ge tfk Qfì`pp`mks, Qfì`pp`mks, 3003. Hctu`m, Eicuhkttk Eicuhkttk Lcy. ’Hcmdk `m Duiturk“. Crt cmh Tgd`kty. Hctu`m, Eicuhkttk Lcy kt.ci. Sukzgm D`ty: [Q Qrkss, 300>. H`mg, @s`hrg F. Td. H. ’Tgrsgngm: B`rtfQicdk ge Dfr`st`cm D`vì`zct`gm `m Tgutfkrm Bògicmh`c“. XRCD@MN: Tgisgngm Tgisgngm tg Tgrsgngm. Tgrsgngm: Nggh Mkw Mkw s Qr`mt`mn Qrkss @md., @md., Gdtgbkr 3008. Nruiic, Jc`lk D. ’Qcmtgl`mc Lcygr“. TCPC^: Hcmdks ge tfk Qfì`pp`mk @sicmhs, Ugi. 2 Lcmìc: Cidgr Qr`mt`mn Dglpcmy @md., Lcy 2111 Fcidgm, Iukrc B. ’Xfk Tgrsgncmgm cs Igvkr cmh ^crr`gr“. XRCD@MN: Tgisgngm tg Tgrsgngm. Tgrsgngm: Nggh Mkws Qr`mt`mn Qrkss, @md., 3008. Jclgrci`m, Rkymcihg X. ’Qcmtgl`mc: Hcmdk ge Igvk“. Ocscmnncycfcm Dkmtkmm`ci Cmm`vkrscry







’Qcmtgl`mc ’Qcmtgl` mc sc X`mclpg cs`m @bc pc“. pc“. OCTCMNNCPCFCM. Lcrdf OCTCMNNCPCFCM. Lcrdf 5, 2110. 9fttp://sgrsgngmuphctk.bignspgt.dgl/2110/31/pcmtgl`mc-sc-t`mclpg-cs`m-`bc-pc.ftli=. ’Tgrsgngm‐s Ocscmnncycfcm Ekst`vci kmhkh w`tf slìks“.WWWWWWWWWWWWWW. Lcrdf 5, 2110.9fttp://bci`tc.pf/2116/31/20/sgrsgngms-ocscmnncycfcm-ekst`vci-kmhkh2110.9fttp://bci`tc.pf/2116/31/20/sgrsgngms-ocscmnncycfcm-ekst`vci-kmhkh w`tf-slìks/=. w`tf-slìks/=. ’U`rcd“.@sic-Lusòc ’U`rcd“. @sic-Lusòc Xcmgn Bògi. Lcrdf 5, 2110. 9fttp://`siclusòc.ukug.dgl/f`stgry.ftl= . ’^kidglk tg Tgrsgngm“. TGRTGNGM ^KB. Lcrdf 5, 2110. 9fttp://www.sgrsgngmwkb.dgl/v4/`mhkx.ftli=. Xfksks

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Jgurmcis/Lcncz`mks

Cidkhg, Qctr`do. Tcdrkh Dclp: Xrcmsnkmhkr`mn Ec`tf `m c Qfì`pp`mk Ekst`vci. Jgurmci ge

Village Dance in the City: Pantomina de Sorsogon (excerpts from the author's UP Art studies Thesis 2009)

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