Indian Ind ian Jou Journa rnall ofARTICLE Science Scie nce,, Vol Vol.. 23, No. 81 81,, May 1, 201 2016 6 ANALYSIS
ISSN 2319–7730 EISSN 2319–7749
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Indian Journal of Science An International Journal
Assessment of Nutritional status of Street Foods consumers in Vijayawada, A.P
Varalakshmi KN1, Saritha N2 1. Faculty of of Department of Applied nutrition, Sri Durga Malleswara Siddhartha Siddhartha Mahila Kalsala, Vijayawada. 2. Faculty of of Department of Microbiology, Sri Durga Malleswara Siddhartha Siddhartha Mahila Kalsala, Vijayawada
Publication History Receiv Received: ed: 17 March March 2016 Acce Accept pted ed:: 19 Apri Aprill 2016 2016 Publis Published hed:: 1 May 2016 2016 Citation Varalakshmi KN, Saritha N. Assessment of Nutritional status of Street Foods consumers in Vijayawada, A.P. Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 2016, 23(81), 447-451 447-451 Publication License This work is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License. General Gene ral Note Articl Article e is recomm recommend ended ed to print print as digital digital color color version version in recycle recycled d paper. paper.
ABSTRACT Street food consumption spread out rapidly in last ten years especially between college students, working men & women in developing countries. Excessive Excessive consumption of street food food is responsible for obesity and related health problems. It influences influences the nutritional status of the consumers. The present study study assessed the nutritional status of street food consumers through Body Mass Index. 200 samples were collected randomly from different places of the city includes college students, working men and women. A survey questionnaire was used to collected information on general information, street food consumption pattern, height, weight and BMI. We found that overweight and obesity were present up to 40% of the male respondents compared to females up to 30%. Street food consumption frequency of 2-4 times per week was high among males than females. Frequent consumption of street foods high in Fat, Calories increases BMI it leads leads to Obesity, Hypertension, Diabetes, Diabetes, Heart Diseases. Varalakshmi and Saritha, Assessment of Nutritional status of Street Foods consumers in Vijayawada, A.P, Indian Journal Journal of of Science, Science, 2016, 23(8 23(81), 1), 447-45 447-451, 1, www.discoveryjournals.com
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Key words: BMI Analysis, Street Foods Consumption Pattern, Obesity. Abbreviations: BMI-Body Mass Index
1. INTRODUCTION
Street foods which are defined as food and beverages prepared and sold by venders in streets or other public places for immediate consumption without further processing or preparation. Street foods are appreciated for their unique flavor as well as their convenience as they are consumed by more number of people they influence the nutritional status of the population. One of the most important recent changes leading to an obesogenic environment is the increased street Body Mass Index or food consumption. College students, working men , women are highly exposed to unhealthy Quetelet index: eating habits and life style practices are considered as important determinants of being Body Mass Index is a measure overweight. The aim of the present study is to assess the nutritional status of street food for human body shape based consumers by using BMI analysis. on an individuals weight and height. BMI can also be 2. METHODOLOGY determined using a BMI Total of 200 samples included in that 50 working men and 50 working women age group of 25chart, which displays BMI as a 45 years and 50 college boys and 50 girls of age group of 14-21years from different parts of function of weight (horizontal Vijayawada. For the above sample to assess nutritional status a well formulated questionnaire was axis) and height (vertical axis) developed to collected the data like using contour lines for 1.General information different values of BMI or 2.BMI analysis colors for different BMI 3.Street food consumption pattern. categories. BMI formula 3. RESULTS BMI = Weighty in Kgs 2 The results were briefly summarized / height in m
Table 1 Income of the Sample Years
Monthly Income
25-45
14-21
Gender
≤ 10,000
≤ 20,000
≤ 30,000
n
%
n
%
n
%
Male
10
20%
15
30%
25
50%
Female
12
24%
16
32%
22
44%
Boys
8
16%
10
20%
32
64%
Girls
8
16%
12
24%
30
60%
The level of income determining the standard of living of people which in turn influences the nutritional status. the selected samples were distributed into 3 major categories according to the range of income. From the above table it reveals that majority of the sample families belongs to monthly income more than 30,000 per month so they were spending more amount lavishly for the consumption of street foods.
Body Mass Index Analysis 2
To assess the Nutritional status of the sample Body Mass Index (Kg/m ) is estimated. It is assessed by using an instrument Body Analyzer. Based on the Measured values of samples were classified according to the BMI classification of Adults BMI classification: Classification Underweight Normal Range Varalakshmi and Saritha, Assessment of Nutritional status of Street Foods consumers in Vijayawada, A.P, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 447-451, www.discoveryjournals.com
2
BMI (kg/m ) < 18.5 18.5-24.9
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Pre obese Obesity
25.0- 29.9 ≤ 30
Source: World Health Organization (WHO)
Table 2 Years
Gender
Under Weight
Normal
Pre Obese
Obesity
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
3
6%
24
48%
14
28%
9
18%
Male BMI
25-45
Female
6
12%
29
58%
10
20%
5
10%
14-21
Boys
3
6%
26
52%
13
26%
8
16%
Girls
3
6%
30
60%
12
24%
5
10%
It is evident from the above table percentage distribution of the sample according to BMI. In males 6% underweight, 48% normal, 28% pre obese and 18% were obese. For female 12% underweight, 58% normal, 20% pre obese and 10% obese. Of the boys 6% underweight, 52% normal, 26% pre obese, 16% obese. Of girls 6% underweight, 60% normal, 24% pre obese, 10% obese. Adult women and girls’ nutritional status were better than adult males and boys. Regular intake of street foods can increase the risk of weight gain and obesity because of having high energy and low protein and fiber.
Street Food Consumption
Table 3 Years
Frequency of Street Food consumption
Gender
25-45
14-21
1-2 times
2-4 times
5 times
N
%
N
%
N
%
Male
11
22%
29
58%
10
20%
Female
15
30%
25
50%
10
20%
Boys
10
20%
30
60%
10
20%
Girls
14
28%
28
56%
8
16%
For students the mean daily intake of street food consumption was more than the adults. Majority of the respondents were consuming street foods 4 times in a week. Male respondents were more addicted then females.
Varalakshmi and Saritha, Assessment of Nutritional status of Street Foods consumers in Vijayawada, A.P, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 447-451, www.discoveryjournals.com
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© 2016 Discovery Publication. All Rights Reserved
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Table 4 Reasons for street food consumption Males
Females
Boys
Girls
n
%
n
%
n
%
n
%
Quick
10
20
8
16
5
10
7
14
In Expensive
5
10
5
10
6
12
5
10
Taste
12
24
10
20
10
20
10
20
Variety
5
10
5
10
6
12
6
12
Lack of time
7
14
10
20
3
6
4
8
Convince
6
12
5
10
9
18
4
8
Advertisement
-
-
-
-
6
12
5
10
Eat with family and friends
5
10
7
14
5
10
9
18
Data in the table 4 reveals the information regarding the various reasons for street food consumption of respondents. Street foods are appreciated for their unique flavor, taste, as well as their convenience, in expensive, so most of the students and working people were addicted for regular consumption. The reasons for street foods consumptions percentage for different groups are given in the above table. Majority of the individuals liked street foods for their taste as it was one of the predominant factors for thei r choice.
4. DISCUSSION Majority of the respondents were consuming street foods for 4 times in a week. Male respondents were more addicted than a female. Majority of the sample families belongs to more than 30,000/- per month, so they were spending more amounts lavishly for the consumption of street foods. Majority of the individuals liked street foods for their taste, quick, inexpensive, convenience. Street foods contain excess fat, energy, low in fiber, deficient in micronutrients, such of iron, calcium, B complex vitamins.BMI analysis of the street food consumers shows adult women and girls nutritional status was better than males and boys. Only 50% of the respondents are in normal BMI up to 28% are pre obese and 18% are in obesity range.
5. CONCLUSION The present study reveals that college students, working men and women getting addicted to street foods so increases in BMI it leads to Obesity, Diabetes, Hypertension, Heart Diseases. Dietary Guidelines, Nutrition Education Programs, Effective Public Awareness Camping could be recommended to limit the consumption of street foods balancing it with a healthy balanced diet.
SUMMARY OF RESEARCH Wide use of street foods that are low in protein, micro nutrients like iron, calcium, riboflavin, folic acid, and poor quality of the diet influences the nutritional status, particularly young generation in cities due to low cost & easy availability of street foods. The important factor for the preference of street food include good taste, convenience, quick and inexpensive majority of the respondents mentioned that they consumed street foods 4 days per week, up to 30% of respondents had the meal every day. Most of the young people working men addicted to street foods. Increase of street food consumption creating a long term negative effect on health and nutritional status.
FUTURE ISSUES The younger generations are getting addicted to street food which indicates a serous public health concern & urgent action should be taken to tackle this problem. There is a need to incorporate nutrition education in to students’ curriculum With a view to equipping them with necessary nutritional knowledge on how to make healthy nutritious food choices.
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DISCLOSURE STATEMENT Funded by UGC (Minor Research Project) Varalakshmi and Saritha, Assessment of Nutritional status of Street Foods consumers in Vijayawada, A.P, Indian Journal of Science, 2016, 23(81), 447-451, www.discoveryjournals.com
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ACKNOWLEDGMENT We would like to Thanks our colleagues and friends for supporting us to initiate the study subject. We are also graceful to respondents who cooperated with us conduct the interview for questionnaire.
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4. Huang,T.T.,K.J. Harris, R.E.Lee, N.Nazir, W.Born and H.Kaur, 2003. Assessing overweight, obesity, diet and physical activity in college students. J.Am. Coll.Health, 52: 83-86. 5. Paeratakul, S., D.P.Ferdinand, C.M Champagne, D.H.Ryan and G.A, Bray, 2003. Fast food consumption among U.S adult and children: Dietary and nutrient intake profile. J.Am Diet. Assoc., 103:1332-1338. 6. Yoon, B.J., B.A. Almanza and H.J Hiemstra, 2001. Nutritional Quality of Brand – name fast foods several in the Indiana school lunch programs (abstract). J. Am. Diet Assoc., 101:A29.
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