Verbs and Adjective Collocations for KPDS & UDS Tests

VOCABULARY

KPDS & ÜDS Dr. Hikmet Şahiner

o H .h ik py ik m ri m e gh et t Ş t sa a hi hin ne e r.c r om

VOCABULARY FOR KPDS & ÜDS 1 ____________________________________________________________________________________

C

VERB & ADJECTIVE COLLOCATIONS

D

r.

FOR KPDS & ÜDS TESTS

w

w

w

İngilizce’de bazı fiiller (verbs), sıfatlar (adjectives) ve isimler (nouns) kendilerinden sonra belirli bir edat (preposition) alırlar. Bu tür kelime tamlamalarına collocation denir. Aşağıda özellikle KPDS ve ÜDS sınavlarında başarılı olmak için bilmeniz gereken verb ve adjective collocation’lar verilmektedir. Bu collocation’ları öğrenmenizi kolaylaştırmak için kelimelerin yanlarına Türkçe karşılıkları ve kelimenin içinde kullanıldığı örnek cümleler verilmektedir.

2 DR. HİKMET ŞAHİNER _____________________________________________________________________________________________

 account for Hesap vermek He accounted for such problems.

 accuse SO of ST Suçlamak He accused her of stealing the money.

We agreed on the price.

 agree to Kabul etmek He agreed to the new conditions.

 agree with Aynı fikirde olmak


 adapt to Adapte olmak

 agree on – Anlaşmak

They adapted to the new culture.

 add SO/ST to SO/ST Eklemek

I agree with you.

 apologize to SO for ST Özür dilemek

She added milk to the grocery list.

I apologized to her for being rude.

C

 add to Neden olmak

Translation problems added to the confusion.

 appeal to SO for ST Başvurmak

The nation appealed to the UN for assistance.

 adjust to Alışmak

r.

 approve of Onaylamak

D

They adjusted to their new environment.

The parents approved of the marriage.

w

 admit ST to SO İtiraf etmek

w

w

She admitted her real age to everybody.

 admit to Itiraf etmek She admitted to cheating on the test.

 argue with SO about SO/ST Tartışmak Timmy argued with his father about his curfew.


 argue with SO over ST Tartışmak The customer argued with the salesman over the store's return policy.

 arrange for SO (to do something) Ayarlamak

 be accustomed to Alışkın olmak I am not accustomed to such behavior.

 be acquainted with Tanışık olmak He is acquainted with many celebrities.


They arranged for an interpreter to be present.

 be addicted to ST Bağımlı olmak

 arrest SO for ST Tutuklamak

He is addicted to heroin.

The police arrested the man for stealing the car.

 be afraid of Korkmak

 arrive at (a place) Gelmek

C

They arrived at home.

I am afraid of spiders.

 be angry at SO for ST Kızgın olmak

 ask for Istemek

I am angry at him for what he said.

D

r.

She asked for help.

 be angry with SO for ST Kızgın olmak

w

 base on Dayandırmak

I am angry with him for what he said.

w

w

The company bases salary on experience.

 be absent from (a place) Olmamak He was absent from class.

 be annoyed at SO for ST Bozulmak He is annoyed at her for spending so much money.


 be annoyed with SO for ST Kızmak He is annoyed with her for spending so much money.

 be anxious about ST Heyacanlı olmak

 be capable of ST Yeteneği olmak He is capable of much more.

 be cluttered with ST Tıka basa dolu olmak The room is cluttered with boxes.


I am anxious about the presentation.  be committed to Kararlı olmak

 be associated with İlgisi olmak He is associated with the company.

 be aware of Farkında olmak

 be composed of Oluşmak

The meteorite is composed mostly of iron.

C

You are not aware of all the problems.

I am committed to improving my language skills.

 be blessed with Sahip olmak

He is blessed with great musical talent.

 be concerned about Endişe etmek

I am concerned about his smoking.

D

r.

 be bored by Sıkılmak

w

w

They were bored to death by his long speech.

 be connected to Bağlı olmak

The DVD player is connected to the TV.

w

 be bored with Sıkılmak The interviewers were bored with the repetitive comments.

 be connected with İlgili olmak They are connected with the project.

 be content with Memnun olmak He is content with the results.


 be convinced of ST İkna olmak We are convinced of her innocence.

 be coordinated with ST Koordineli olarak hareket etmek

She is disappointed with her son for not improving.

 be discouraged by Hevesi kırılmak He was discouraged by the high costs.


Testing centers is coordinated with the schools to set testing dates.

 be disappointed with Hayal kırıklığına uğramak

 be crowded in (a building or room) Dolu olmak It is crowded in the auditorium.

 be discouraged from (doing something) Hevesi kırılmak

They were discouraged from participating.

 be crowded with (people) Dolu olmak

C

The auditorium is crowded with people.

 be discriminated against Ayrımcılık yapmak

He discriminates against people who are different.

 be dedicated to Kararlı olmak

D

r.

She is dedicated to improving her grammar skills.

 be divorced from SO Boşanmak

Mary is divorced from John.

w

 be devoted to Sadık olmak

w

w

He is devoted to his wife.

 be done with ST Tamamlamak He is done with the work.

 be disappointed in Hayal kırıklığına uğramak She is disappointed in her son's improvement.

 be dressed in Giyinmek She was dressed in red.


 be encouraged with Teşvik edilmek The staff was encouraged with a profit sharing program.

 be faced with Karşılaşmak He was faced with many difficult decisions.

 be faithful to Sadık olmak  be engaged in ST İçinde olmak, karışmak

They are faithful to their company.


He was engaged in that research for more than ten years.

 be familiar with Bilgisi olmak

I am familiar with that program.

 be engaged to SO Nişanlı olmak John was engaged to Mary for six months.

 be famous for Meşhur olmak, bilinmek

He is famous for climbing Mt. Everest.

C

 be envious of Kıskanmak I am envious of you for having the opportunity to travel.

 be filled with Dolu olmak

The boxes are filled with clothes and books.

r.

 be equipped with ST Donanımlı olmak

 be finished with Tamamlamak

I am finished with my studies.

w

D

The expedition is equipped with the latest gear.

w

w

 be excited about Heyecanlı olmak

 be fond of Sevmek

She is fond of her nieces and nephews.

I am excited about the opportunities.

 be exposed to Maruz kalmak The workers were exposed to dangerous chemicals.

 be friendly to SO Arkadaşça davranmak He is friendly to new coworkers.


 be friendly with SO Arkadaş olmak He is friendly with new coworkers.

 be frightened by Korkmak

He is innocent of the crimes.  be interested in – İlgi duymak, ilgilenmek I am interested in astronomy.


She is frightened by the coyotes calling at night.

 be innocent of ST Masum olmak

 be frightened of Korkmak The kids are frightened of ghosts.

 be furnished with ST Döşeli olmak, sahip olmak

 be involved in ST İçinde bulunmak

He is involved in the program.

 be involved with İlişkili olmak

He is involved with many charities.

C

The house is furnished with designer furniture.  be grateful to SO for ST Müteşekkir olmak

 be jealous of Kıskanmak

John is jealous of Mary's close friendship with Tom.

r.

I am grateful to you for your assistance.

D

 be guilty of ST Suçlu olmak

He is known for his humor.

w

w

He is guilty of the crime.

 be known for ST Bilinmek, tanınmak

w

 be happy about ST Mutlu olmak I am not happy about the results.

 be limited to Sınırlı olmak The speeches are limited to fifteen minutes each.

 be made from ST Yapılmak The statue is made from old car parts.


 be made of (material) Yapılmak

 be proud of Gurur duymak He is proud of his son.

The statue is made of metal.  be related to Akraba olmak  be married to Evli olmak She is related to the famous artist. She is married to a famous politician.


 be relevant to Alakalı olmak

 be opposed to Karşı olmak

That is not relevant to this conversation.

I am opposed to increasing tuition prices.

 be patient with SO Sabırlı olmak

 be remembered for ST Hatırlanmak

He is remembered for his bravery.

C

He is patient with his students.

 be pleased with Memnun olmak

 be responsible for Sorumlu olmak

She is responsible for the new policies.

I am pleased with the results.

 be satisfied with Tatmin olmak

D

r.

 be polite to SO Kibar olmak

w

She is polite to the visitors.

w

 be prepared for Hazırlıklı olmak

w

He is prepared for such questions at the conference.

The teacher is satisfied with the test results.

 be scared of Korkmak She is scared of snakes.

 be terrified of Korkmak  be protected from Korunmak She is terrified of roaches. The cave paintings are protected from vandalism.


 be thankful for Müteşekkir olmak

 belong to Ait olmak I don't belong to that organization.

We are thankful for their help.  benefit from Yararlanmak  be tired from (doing something) Yorulmak

He benefits from the government assistance programs.

He is so tired from jogging.


 blame SO for ST Suçlamak

 be tired of (doing something) Bıkmak

He blamed his employees for his mistakes.

He is tired of answering the same questions over and over.

 blame ST on SO Suçlamak

 be worried about Endişelenmek

He blamed the company's failure on his employees.

C

I am worried about her.

 boast about Hava atmak

She boasted about her new Mercedes.

 beg for Yalvarmak

D

r.

They begged for the answer to the riddle.

 begin with Başlamak

 borrow ST from SO Ödünç almak

He borrowed money from me.

w

w

w

Every sentence begins with a capital letter.

 believe in İnanmak

 care about Önemsemek He cares about what his children watch on TV.

He believes in ghosts.  care for Sevmek He doesn't care for fish.


 catch up with Yetişmek He caught up with her before she got into the elevator.

 come from Gelmek, …. olmak He comes from Florida.  comment on Yorumda bulunmak

 cater to Hizmet etmek She wouldn't comment on the accusations.


The hotel doesn't cater to tour groups.

 charge SO for ST Ücret istemek The restaurant didn't charge me for breaking the glass.

 communicate with SO Irtibat içinde olmak

Many people use email to communicate with friends and family abroad.

 charge SO with ST Suçlamak

C

The police charged him with drunk driving.

 compare SO/ST to SO/ST Kıyaslamak

The analyst compared the company's current profits to last year's.

 choose between SO/ST and SO/ST Seçim yapmak

D

r.

The winner got to choose between a vacation to Tahiti and a new car.

 compare SO/ST with SO/ST Kıyaslamak

He shouldn't compare his younger son with his older son.

 chose ST from ST Seçmek

 compete with Rekabet etmek

He loves to compete with others.

w

w

w

The magician chose a lady from the audience to help him with the trick.

 collide with Çarpışmak The car collided with a truck.

 complain about Şikayetçi olmak They complained about the quality of the hotel.


 compliment SO on ST Kompliman yapmak, övmek He complimented her on her new dress.

 consist of Oluşmak, meydana gelmek The test consists of 100 multiple choice questions.

 concentrate on Odaklanmak He needs to concentrate on his work.

 contribute to ST Katkıda bulunmak


I contributed to the World Wildlife Fund.  concern SO with ST Endişelendirmek

 convict SO of ST Suçlu bulmak

You shouldn't concern her with our problems.

 confess to Itirafta bulunmak

They convicted him of murder.

 cope with Başa çıkmak, altından kalkmak

C

He confessed to the crimes.

 confuse SO/ST with SO/ST Karıştırmak

r.

She confused him with Tom Cruise.

D

 congratulate SO on ST Kutlamak

Can he cope with the large amount of work.

 correspond with SO Yazışmak

I correspond with them by email.

 count on Güvenmek

He counts on their support.

w

w

She congratulated him on his victory.

w

 consent to ST Kabul etmek, razı olmak The parents consented to the request.

 cover with Sarmak, sarmalamak, üstünü örtmek She covered her sleeping son with the blanket.


 crash into Çarpmak He crashed into the tree.

 depend on Bağlı olmak The cost of the carpet depends on the quality of the weaving.

 cure SO of ST İyileştirmek The doctors cured her of the disease.

 derive ST from ST Almak, çıkarmak He derives a great deal of pleasure from his work.


 deal with Başa çıkmak, halletmek

He has to deal with many problems.

 deter SO from ST Vazgeçirmek

Nothing could deter her from becoming a policewoman.

 decide against Kabul etmemek He decided against taking the job in New York.

 devote ST to SO Adamak

He devoted the song to his wife.

C

 decide between SO/ST and SO/ST Seçim yapmak

I couldn't decide between the chicken dinner and the sushi.

 differ from Farklı olmak

Your results differ little from mine.

D

r.

 decide on Karar vermek

w

w

He decide on taking the job in Los Angeles.

 disagree with Aynı fikirde olmamak

He disagrees with me.

w

 dedicate ST to SO Adamak  disapprove of Onaylamamak

He dedicated the song to his girlfriend.

 demand ST from SO Talep etmek, istemek He demanded help from his coworkers.

Her parents disapprove of her job choice.


 discourage SO from ST Vazgeçirmek He discouraged his son from quitting school.

 dress SO in ST Giydirmek She dresses her twins in the same clothes.

 drink to Şerefine içmek  discuss ST with SO Konuşmak, tartışmak, görüşmek

They drank to his new job.


I discussed the situation with them.  elaborate on ST Açıklama yapmak

 distinguish between SO/ST and SO/ST Ayırmak

He elaborated on his earlier comments.

The expert couldn't distinguish between the real painting and the forgery.

 emerge from ST Çıkmak

The dragon emerged from its lair.

C

 distinguish SO/ST from SO/ST Ayırmak The expert couldn't distinguish the real painting from the forgery.

 escape from (a place) Kaçmak

They escaped from jail.

r.

 distract SO from ST Uzaklaştırmak

w

D

The loud music distracted her from her work.

w

 dream about Hayalini kurmak

 exchange SO/ST for SO/ST Değiştirmek, değiş tokuş yapmak

They exchanged dollars for yen.

 exclude SO from ST Dışarı çıkarmak, dışarıda bırakmak

w

I dream about traveling around the world. He excluded them from the meeting.

 dream of Hayal etmek  excuse SO for ST Affetmek I dream of a day when poverty no longer exists.

She excused them for being late.


 expel SO from (a place) Kovmak The leader was expelled from the country.

 experiment on Deney yapmak

He fought for improved working conditions.

 fight with Kavga etmek, tartışmak He fought with his parents throughout his teen years.


They experimented on various ways of preventing the disease.

 fight for İçin mücadele etmek

 explain ST to SO Açıklamak

The teacher explained the project to the students.

 forget about Unutmak

She forgot about the meeting.

 forgive SO for ST Affetmek

 feel about Hissetmek

She forgave him for the terrible things he said.

C

He felt bad about what he said.

 feel like Canı istemek

 gamble on Kumar oynamak, bahse girmek

I feel like seeing a movie.

r.

I wouldn't gamble on that happening.

D

 fight about Tartışmak

 gaze at Bakakalmak

w

w

They fought about who had to do the dishes.

w

 fight against Karşı mücadele etmek Martin Luther King fought against racism and oppression.

She gazed at the sight in wonder.

 get back from (a place) Geri dönmek He got back from work at 6 o'clock.


 get married to SO Evlenmek

 grumble at SO about ST Şikayette bulunmak

John got married to Mary. The old man always grumbles at his wife about their children never visiting.  get rid of Kurtulmak He got rid of his old clothes.

 happen to Olmak, başına gelmek What happened to him?


 get through with Bitirmek

I'm never going to get through with this work.

 hear about Duymak

I have never heard about that policy before.

 get tired of Sıkılmak, bıkmak He got tired of the complaining.

 hear from SO Haber almak

Have you heard from your son recently?

C

 get used to Alışmak

He needs to get used to the new working conditions.

 hear of Duymak

Have you ever heard of the Anasazi people?

r.

 glare at Bakmak

 help SO with ST Yardım etmek

w

D

She glared at him in disbelief.

He helped me with my homework.

w

 grieve for Yas tutmak

w

The nation is grieving for those who died in the accident.

 hide ST from SO Saklanmak He hid his bad report card from his parents.


 hinder SO/ST from ST Engellemek Rebels are hindering aid workers from accessing the area.

 introduce SO/ST to SO/ST Tanıtmak, tanıştırmak I introduced him to his girlfriend.

 invest in Yatırım yapmak  hinge on Bağlı olmak We invested in that company.


Success hinges on his participation in the project.  invite SO to Davet etmek

 hope for Ummak, ümit etmek

The company hopes for better sales in the coming quarter.

I invited her to the party.

 involve SO/ST in ST Karıştırmak, bulaştırmak

We involved them in the decision making.

 insist on İsrar etmek, ısrarcı olmak

C

He insists on driving even though he is having vision problems.

 joke about Şaka yapmak

We love to sit around and joke about old times.

 insure against Sigortalı olmak

D

r.

The investment does not insure against loss of income.

 joke with SO about SO/ST Dalga geçmek

He was joking with me about the mistake I made.

w

w

 interfere in ST Burnunu sokmak, karışmak

w

The couple's parents should not interfere in their relationship.

 interfere with ST Müdahele etmek Don't interfere with the natural balance of nature.

 jot down ST Not almak She jotted down notes as he spoke.

 keep on (doing something) Devam etmek She kept on talking.


 keep SO/ST from (doing something) Engellemek I kept her from making the same mistake.

 keep ST for SO Saklamak

 know about Bilmek, bilgisi olmak He knows a lot about that subject.

 laugh about Gülmek

C

She laughed about what the children had done.

 laugh at Gülmek

We always laugh at his jokes.

r.

 learn about Öğrenmek

D

He loves to listen to his MP3 player on the subway.

 long for Hasreti çekmek I long for a week on the beach in Hawaii.


He wants to keep the toy for his daughter.

 listen to Dinlemek

 look at Bakmak

Look at this old picture of my grandmother.

 look forward to İple çekmek

I look forward to meeting her parents.

 meet with SO Tanışmak, buluşmak

We will meet with the organizers next week.  mistake SO/ST for SO/ST Karıştırmak

I need to learn more about that topic.

w

I mistook him for his twin brother.

w

 lend ST to SO Ödünç vermek  nod at Baş sallamak

w

I lent my dictionary to her. He nodded at the others.

 listen for Kulak vermek  nod to Baş sallamak The mechanic said I should listen for any squeaking sounds.

He nodded to them.


 object to Karşı çıkmak, onaylamamak Do you object to my smoking?

 prefer SO/ST to SO/ST Tercih etmek We prefer salmon to other kinds of fish.

 prepare for Hazırlanmak

The surgeon operated on the conjoined twins.

We are preparing for a long winter.


 operate on Ameliyat yapmak

 present SO with ST Vermek

 participate in ST Katılmak We participated in the survey.

 pay for Ödemek

C

He paid for our meal last night.

He will present her with the award for best journalist.

 prevent SO/ST from (doing something) Engellemek, önlemek

The campaign is designed to prevent young people from drinking.

 persist in Devam etmek

The disease persists in rural farms throughout the region.

D

r.

 plan on Planında olmak

 prohibit SO from (doing something) Yasaklamak

The school prohibits students from smoking.

w

We plan on attending the wedding.

w

 praise SO for ST Övmek

 provide for Bakmak

It is difficult for them to provide for their families.

w

He praises his son for his good grades.

 pray for Dua etmek The villagers prayed for rain.

 provide SO with ST Vermek, sağlamak The school provides students with textbooks.


 provide SO/ST for SO Vermek, sağlamak The company will provide food and drinks for all.

 relate to Akraba olmak, ilişkili olmak She is not related to their family.

 rely on Güvenmek, dayanmak  punish SO for ST Cezalandırmak

We rely on the latest information to make such decisions.


He was punished for his crimes.

 quarrel with SO about ST Tartışmak

 remind SO of SO/ST Hatırlatmak

He reminds me of my grandfather.

They quarreled with the waiter about the mistakes on the bill.

 reply to Cevap vermek

C

 quarrel with SO over ST Tartışmak

He quarreled with her over her political beliefs.

We replied immediately to the letter.

 rescue SO from SO/ST Kurtarmak

He rescued the puppy from the icy lake.

r.

 react to Tepki göstermek

D

He reacted to the news negatively.

 resign from ST – İstifa etmek

He resigned from the company.

w

 recover from ST Iyileşmek

w

w

He is recovering from his illness.  respond to Yanıt vermek We responded to the request for help.

 refer to ST Bahsetmek, atıfta bulunmak He was referring to the chart on page 24.

 result in ST Sonuçlanmak His outburst result in his being fired.


 retire from ST Emekli olmak He retired from the company after 40 years of faithful service.

 show ST to SO Göstermek He showed the pictures to his friends.

 smile at SO Gülümsemek  save SO from ST Kurtarmak I smiled at the newcomers. They are working to save mountain gorillas from extinction.


 speak to SO about SO/ST Hakkında konuşmak

 search for Aramak

The are searching for signs of life on Mars.

The director spoke to the employees about the changes.

 specialize in ST Uzmanlaşmak

 sentence SO to ST Cezalandırmak

He specializes in technical translation.

C

The court sentenced him to 20 years in jail.

 separate SO/ST from SO/ST Ayırmak

 spend (money/time) on Harcamak

They spent too much money on their new car.

D

r.

He separated Billy from the others children.

w

 share ST with SO Paylaşmak

 stand for Anlamına gelmek

NASA stands for National Aeronautics and Space Administration.

w

w

She shared her secret with the others.

 shout at Bağırmak The old man shouted at the kids.

 stare at Gözünü dikip bakmak Why are they staring at me?


 stem from Kaynaklanmak The corruption charges stem from allegations of bribery.

 stop SO from (doing something) Durdurmak, engel olmak

 succeed in (doing something) Başarılı olmak He succeeded in finishing the marathon.

 suffer from Müstarip olmak, … hastalığı olmak She suffers from a rare genetic disorder.


The environmental group stopped them from building the new hotel.

 suspect SO of ST Şüphelenmek

 subject SO to ST Karşı karşıya bırakmak, maruz bırakmak

The police suspect them of smuggling drugs over the border.

They subject the students to unrealistic standards.

 take advantage of Faydalanmak, yararlanmak

C

 subscribe to Abone olmak He subscribed to that magazine.

 substitute SO/ST for SO/ST Değiştirmek, yerine koymak

He took advantage of his connections at the company.

 take care of Bakmak

r.

He takes care of his pets.

 talk about Bahsetmek

w

D

You can substitute beef for pork if you don't eat pork.

They talked about the recent problems.

w

 subtract ST from ST Çıkarmak

w

He subtracted the expenses from the profits.  talk to Konuşmak I need to talk to you for a few minutes.  succeed at ST Başarılı olmak He will succeed at anything he does.


 tell SO about ST Anlatmak He told them about what happened.

 thank SO for ST Teşekkür etmek

 turn to Dönmek, bakmak They turned to page 123.

 use ST for ST Kullanmak They use wood for fuel.

We thanked them for their hospitality.


 wait for Beklemek

 think about Düşünmek

I waited for them at the restaurant.

He thought about what she had said.

 warn about Uyarmak

 think of Düşünerek bulmak

C

They need to think of ways to reduce costs.

They warned me about pickpockets in the train station.  waste (money/time) on Harcamak, boşa sarfetmek

 toast to Kadeh kaldırmak

They wasted money on another new car.

Let's toast to a long marriage.

 wish for Dilemek

D

r.

 translate ST into (a language) Çevirmek

The child wished for a new bicycle before he blew out the candles on his cake.

w

w

He translated the instructions into Japanese.

I have worked for them for 20 years.

w

 trust SO with ST Güvenerek vermek

 work for Çalışmak

He trusted the new employee with the combination to the safe.

 work on Çalışmak They worked on the proposal for two weeks.


 worry about Endişelenmek She worries about her children.

 write about Yazmak


He wrote a book about his life.

 write to SO Yazmak

You need to write to your parents more often.

 yearn for Özlemini çekmek

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D

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C

He yearns for more adventure.



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D

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C

TEST YOUR COLLOCATIONS FOR KPDS & ÜDS


COLLOCATION TEST – 1

1. I didn't have enough money to pay the bill. B) of D) about

C) for E)


A) after

2. She hasn't got a job. She depends her parents for money.

C

A) on C) for E) from

3. I don't know whether I'll go out tonight. It depends how I feel.

r.

A) in C) for E) on

B) off D) about

4. They wore warm clothes to protect themselves the cold. A) in C) from E) on

B) off D) about

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D

B) off D) about

5. The apartment consists three rooms, a kitchen and bathroom. A) in C) for E) on

B) of D) about


6. I don't mind big cities but I prefer small towns. In other words, I prefer small towns big cities. A) to C) with E) on

B) off D) than

A) into C) with E) on

A) in C) with E) on

B) off D) about

12. Jim is a photographer. He specializes sports photography. A) into C) with E) on

B) in D) about


7. I got all the information I needed from Jill. In other words, Jill provided me all the information.

11. I hope you succeed getting what you want.

B) off D) about

13. The country is divided six regions.

8. Mark decided to give up sport so that he could concentrate his studies. B) off D) about

C


9. I don't believe working very hard. It's not worth it.

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10. My present job isn't wonderful, but I prefer it what I did before. A) into C) with E) to

B) off D) about

14. I prefer travelling by train driving. It's much more pleasant. A) to C) with E) on

B) off D) about

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B) off D) about

D

A) in C) with E) on


B) off D) about

15. I felt quite cold but Peter insisted having the window open. A) into C) with E) on

B) off D) about


16. Some words are difficult to translate one language another.

21. The accident caused some damage the car.

A) for / into C) with / in E) from / into

A) into C) with E) along

B) off / to D) about / to

B) at D) to

17. The teacher decided to split the class four groups.

22. I'm trying to think of the best way getting this piano upstairs.

A) to C) into E) on

A) to C) for E) along

B) of D) from


B) off D) about

18. I filled the tank but unfortunately I filled it the wrong kind of petrol.

23. I can't think of an answer the problem, I'm afraid.


A) to C) for E) on

B) of D) from

C

B) off D) about

19. Were you disappointed your exam results? B) about D) from

D

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A) to C) at E) for

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A) into C) with E) along

w

20. I've had an invitation Laura's barbecue. B) at D) to

24. The cause the accident is still unknown. A) for C) of E) in

B) from D) to

25. The government has introduced a new tax luxury goods. A) to C) of E) towards

B) on D) in



1. Unfortunately there was some difficulty the arrangements. B) to D) with


A) by C) into E) on

2. There was a poster warning young people the dangers of drugs. A) about C) to E) at

B) of D) by

C

3. Carla is very worried her exams. A) with C) to E) about

B) from D) at

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D

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4. Are you aware the situation in Sierra Leone? A) with C) to E) about

B) of D) at

5. She's very excited her trip to Turkey. A) with C) to E) about

B) from D) at


6. I'm thinking buying a new printer.

12. She's rather worried it.

A) in C) to E) about

A) at C) to E) about

B) from D) at

7. I wasn't aware this situation. B) from D) of

13. It took them 3 hours to come a decision. A) at C) to E) about

B) with D) for



B) with D) for

8. My mom is very fond animals. A) in C) to E) about

B) from D) of

14. A lot of people turned up at the concert, much my surprise. A) at C) to E) about

B) with D) for

B) from D) by

15. I was amazed see John after so many years. A) at C) to E) about

B) with D) for

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C

9. Everyone was impressed your speech.

w

B) from D) at

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D

10. He's quite interested science.

16. Elizabeth invited me her wedding. A) at C) to E) about

B) with D) for


w

11. Her voice is similar yours. B) from D) at

17. Take a jacket just be sure you don't get cold. A) at C) to E) about

B) with D) for


18. the time being, everything's going well. A) At C) To E) About

B) With D) For

23. Are you aware the problem of cutting down the forests? A) from C) to E) about

B) with D) of

19. He's suffering hay fever.

24. The film was different what I expected.

A) from C) to E) about


B) with D) of


B) with D) of

20. More than half the city was affected by the flooding.

25. The boss died a massive heart attack.



C

B) with D) of

21.The student part of the city is south the river. B) with D) of

D

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w w

A) From C) To E) About

w

22. time to time we go and see a play at the theatre. B) With D) Of

B) with D) of



1. What we really need to know is the cause the problem. B) with D) of



2. my point of view, Channel Two is the best one. A) From C) To E) About

B) With D) Of


B) with D) of

4. I had problems that printer. A) from C) to E) about

B) with D) of

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D

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C

3. The famous TV personality was accused stealing a jar of instant coffee.

5. Has this book been translated Turkish into English? A) from C) to E) about

B) with D) of


6. Children need to be protected explicit programs.

12. The buses are often late, so you can’t depend them.


A) to C) at E) for

B) with D) of

B) about D) on

7. All last winter he suffered coughs and colds.

13. Do you qualify a state pension when you are 55?


A) to C) at E) for

8. If you don’t understand any of these words, you could refer a dictionary. A) for C) at E) to

B) about D) from

C

9. The police are appealing witnesses to come forward.

B) about D) from

14. The land belongs a rich man. A) to C) at E) for

B) about D) from

15. She then referred the Minister’s report. A) about C) at E) for

B) to D) from

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A) to C) at E) for

B) about D) from


B) with D) of

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B) about D) from

w

A) to C) at E) on

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D

10. Nurses are very badly paid, I think they should insist higher rates of pay.

11. The poor driver – I really sympathize him, it wasn’t his fault. A) to C) with E) for

B) about D) from

16. The boss disagreed me. A) to C) at E) for

B) about D) with

17. His failure resulted lack of attention to details. A) to C) at E) for

B) about D) from


18. Tonight I’m going to talk engines.

24. If two things are exactly the same one is identical the other.

A) to C) at E) for

A) to C) at E) for

B) about D) from

B) about D) from

19. He is unaccustomed the heat.

25. I'm convinced his innocence.

A) to C) at E) for

A) for C) of E) about

20. My problems are very similar yours. B) about D) from

C

A) to C) at E) for

21. Life is very different what it used to be. B) about D) from

D

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A) to C) at E) for

22. Who is responsible this mess?

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w

B) about D) from

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A) to C) at E) for

23. In the army, a sergeant is senior a corporal. A) for C) at E) to

B) with D) to


B) about D) from

B) about D) from



1. She can't possibly cope so many problems. B) about D) on


A) for C) with E) in

2. If a child is deprived love, he is likely to have many psychological problems when he grows up.

C

A) with C) on E) about

3. The former Soviet Union emerged the Second World War as a major world power.

r.

A) in C) from E) at

B) on D) out

4. He refused to comment the current developments. A) in C) for E) at

B) with D) on

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D

B) of D) off

5. The reason his failure is his lack of interest. A) of C) about E) in

B) for D) on


6. There has been a great demand luxury cars this year.

12. Madam Curie dedicated herself science.

A) for C) over E) above

A) to C) for E) with

B) in D) on

B) about D) into

7. The cause the fire is still unknown.

13. You must be content what you have. Otherwise, you can't be happy.

A) of C) for E) in

A) with C) for E) in

B) about D) on


B) about D) to

8. We provided them food.

14. The job is similar my old one.

A) with C) for E) at

A) as C) to E) down

B) of D) from

B) at D) with

15. We get lots of requests help.

B) in D) about

A) at C) of E) up

B) for D) on

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A) on C) with E) at

C

9. I have no wish to interfere the matter.

w

B) for D) on

16. What's the difference a boat and a ship? A) between C) under E) to

B) from D) with

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A) to C) until E) with

D

10. Many people are addicted cocaine in the United States.

11. All instruments are supposed to conform regulations. A) for C) on E) with

B) about D) to

17. There was a fall ten percent in prices. A) at C) in E) with

B) by D) of


18. The secret of his success lies in his persistence his studies in spite of his problems. A) in C) on E) above

B) over D) for

19. Brazil is famous its coffee. B) with D) in

A) of C) on E) at

B) over D) with

24. The company made a significant improvement the wages and living conditions its employees.


A) at C) of E) for

23. Not all bats feed insects.

A) on / of C) with / with E) over / about

B) with / at D) in / of

20. We were disappointed the result of the match.

25. He was suspected treason.

A) off C) with E) of

A) with C) for E) against

C

B) at D) for

21. The incident had an effect the girl's development. B) in D) on

D

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A) of C) over E) above

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A) for C) along E) together

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22. The government cannot provide all young people a job. B) with D) of

B) of D) through



1. In order to proceed we must agree a plan of action. B) on D) in


A) with C) at E) through

2. Our aims and interests are different yours. A) than C) to E) off

B) from D) for

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D

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C

3. Dolphins communicate each other; they have a language their own. A) to / of C) with / of E) of / on

B) with / by D) at /

4. Animals are better adapted their environment than us. A) on C) across E) to

B) over D) through

5. The world is similar a ball. A) to C) at E) from

B) of D) in


6. The man recovered the effects the drug sooner normal. A) off / on / B) out of / in / as C) away / of / so D) from / of / than E) away from / at / from

A) for / in C) off / to E) with / of

B) for / of D) onto / for

12. Beware his dog! It's dangerous.


7. This policy is likely fail. A) to C) for E) over

11. In Denmark, compensation injuries at work and occupational illnesses is entirely the responsibility employers.

B) D) of

A) for C) of E) off

B) with D) to

8. Dolphins are now trained to help swimmers difficulty.

13. We fought many nations in our War of Independence.

A) in C) at E) out

A) against C) into E) for

B) in D) onto

C

B) on D) of

9. Television companies receive a large number letters complaining programs.

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B) of / from D) from / for

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D

A) at / at C) of / on E) of / about

w

A) to C) at E) of

w

10. We've already replied the customer's letter. B) for D)

14. Water changes ice when it freezes. A) to C) under E) for

B) in D) into

15. We can provide you enough material. A) with C) within E) for

B) without D) to


16. You can't blame me your failure. A) beside C) with E) by

B) for D) to

22. I can't go out, I have to look the baby. A) until C) at E) for

B) after D) in

17. We can convince him the necessity of doing this.

23. I am not satisfied your answer.

A) for C) of E) to

A) by C) at E) from

B) with D) for


B) towards D) with

18. The doctor has warned him the danger of lung cancer.

24. Formal education ends when people reach a certain age.

A) of C) on E) through

A) to C) at E) about

C

B) from D) in

B) in D)

19. She objects everything her husband does.

25. I was so impressed the book that I couldn't sleep.

A) with C) for E) against

A) by C) about E) with

D

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B) in D) to

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B) to D) in

w

A) at C) on E) for

w

20. He pushed the front door; his surprise it was open.

21. I had trouble my car this morning. A) with C) under E) before

B) in D) for

B) from D) on



1. I have difficulty opening this door; could you help me? B) on D) from


A) about C) in E)

2. I lost confidence him because he always tells lies. A) on C) for E) in

B) at D) into

A) into C) with E) among

B) between D) for

4. He can't be a good businessman; he is out of touch people. A) from C) over E) of

B) with D) in

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D

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C

3. After the war the country was divided two.

5. I am afraid losing documents. A) from C) over E) of

B) with D) in


6. Are you interested working for us?

12. He's always dreamed going to the USA.

A) from C) over E) of

A) forward C) down E) down

B) with D) in

7. The children are looking having a holiday. B) along D) in

13. I insist buying this model of TV. A) on C) for E) in

B) at D) into


A) forward to C) up E) down

B) among D) of

14. She does not approve smoking.

8. They are excited going on holiday.

B) at D) into

B) about D) for

C

A) to C) with E) up

A) of C) for E) in

15. Only you may prevent him doing that.

9. I am fed up this film.

B) with D) in

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A) from C) over E) of

A) on C) from E) in

B) at D) into

16. We congratulated him passing the exams.

A) on C) up E) down

A) on C) for E) in

D

10. He has succeeded finding a new job.

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w

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B) along D) in

17. I don't feel going anywhere.

11. He apologized to me keeping so long. A) to C) up E) for

B) from D) into

B) along D) in

A) on C) for E) like

B) at D) to


18. He is thinking buying a new car.

24. I prefer cycling driving.

A) of C) for E) in

A) on C) for E) in

B) at D) into

19. They accused him robbing the bank. B) at D) of

20. Please forgive me doing this! A) on C) for E) in

B) at D) into

21. He suspects him being a liar. B) at D) into

C

A) of C) for E) in

B) at D) to

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D

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22. They decided go to Brighton because it was raining. A) on C) for E) in

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23. I disapprove going there. A) on C) of E) in

25. He was struck the rise in prices. A) by C) up E) for

B) along D) in


A) on C) for E) in

B) at D) to

B) at D) into



PHRASAL VERBS

C


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D

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İngilizce’de bazı fiillerden sonra belirli bir edat veya edatlar getirilerek farklı anlamda fiiller türetilmiştir. Bu tür fiillere Phrasal Verb denir. Aşağıda özellikle KPDS ve ÜDS sınavlarında başarılı olmak için bilmeniz gereken Phrasal Verb’ler verilmektedir. Bu phrasal verb’leri öğrenmenizi kolaylaştırmak için kelimelerin yanlarına Türkçe karşılıkları ve kelimenin içinde kullanıldığı örnek cümleler verilmektedir.


ABOUT  bring about cause to happen – MEYDANA GETİRMEK, OLUŞTURMAK

Alan is really intelligent but sometimes he has problems getting his ideas across. I had the feeling I wasn't getting across.


The crisis was brought about by Brenda 's resignation.

 get across make something understood; communicate something understandably; be understood especially get an idea across – MERAMINI ANLATMAK

 come about – happen – MEYDANA GELMEK, OLUŞMAK Let me explain how the situation came about.

 put across communicate ideas – MERAMINI ANLATMAK

Harry is clever but he can't put his ideas across.

 set about start working – GİRİŞMEK, BİR İŞE BAŞLAMAK

C

We must set about reorganising the office.

r.

ACROSS

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D

 come across something or someone to find (unexpectedly) or meet by chance – RASTLAMAK, RAST GELMEK

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A lucky tramp came across a wallet full of money as he was walking down the street. I've lost my extra car keys. If you come across them while your're cleaning the room, please put them in a safe place.

AFTER

 ask after inquire about SORMAK

Jim was asking after you.

 look after someone or something to take care of someone or something – BAKMAK, GÖZ KULAK OLMAK

Looking after a baby is a fulltime job. You have to bath it, dress it and feed it.


 take after resemble; favor (in appearance) – BENZEMEK Note: used for people Both my sister and I take after our father. Little Christopher takes after his father. He has black hair, big feet and a bad temper just like his dad.

I really should wash the dishes, but I don't feel like it. Maybe I'll get around to them tomorrow morning.

 turn around move so that you are facing the opposite direction – GERİYE DÖNMEK


ALONG

 get around to do something eventually – BİR İŞE EL ATMAK

Everyone turned around and stared when I entered the meeting late.

 get along (with) have a friendly relationship (with); be friendly (toward) – İYİ GEÇİNMEK Why can't you and your sister get along? Everyone else gets along with her just fine!

I don't want this chair facing the window. Will you help me turn it around?

C

AROUND

 turn around (2) move so that someone / something is facing the opposite direction – TERS ÇEVİRMEK

 get around avoid having to do something YIRTMAK

D

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Teresa got around the required math classes by doing well on a math proficiency test.

w

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 get around (2) move from place to place DOLAŞMAK

w

She doesn't have a car. She gets around by bicycle, bus, or taxi.

 turn around (3) make changes so that something that was unprofitable is profitable – İŞLERİ YOLUNA KOYMAK

The company was doing poorly until it hired a new president. He turned it around in about six months and now it's doing quite well.  get at imply about personal matters – İMA ETMEK What are you getting at exactly?


AWAY  do away with – abolish – ORTADAN KALDIRMAK, LAĞVETMEK

 throw away discard; put in the garbage ATMAK You shouldn't throw those newspapers away; they're recyclable.

Dog licences have been done away with. BACK  get away to escape KAÇMAK

 get away with to do something wrong or illegal without being punished (usually without even being discovered or caught) – CEZADAN YIRTMAK

C

Last year Jack robbed a bank and got away with it; the police didn't even find his fingerprints. Nowadays Jack lives a life of luxury on a beautiful tropical island. Jack got away with the bank robbery.

r.

 pass away / pass on / pass over (usually of a person) to die ÖLMEK Fred Bloggs passed away (passed on/passed over) in 1985 after a long illness. I was very sorry to hear that your grandfather passed away.

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D

 bring / take back return something – GERİ GETİRMEK


The prisoner got away from his guards and ran into the forest.

Yes, you can borrow my pen, don't forget to bring it back to me when you're finished. "This book is due tomorrow. I guess I should take it back to the library."

 cut back (on) (often without an object; with an object, cut back on) use less of something AZALTMAK

You drink too much coffee. You should cut back. You should cut back on the amount of coffee that you drink.

 fall back on use as a last resort – GÜVENCESİ OLMAK, SON ÇARESİ OLMAK

If the worst comes to the worst, we've got our savings to fall back on.

 put away return something to the proper place – YERİNE KOYMAK

 go back on break a promise – SÖZÜNÜ TUTMAMAK

I just took these clothes out of the dryer. Will you help me put them away?

The management has gone back on its promise.


 look back on to remember and think about the past; reflect on / consider something in the past – GERİYE DÖNÜP BAKMAK When they looked back on their many years together, they realized that their marriage had been a very happy one. The Blacks have been married for many years. They like talking about the past and looking back on old times.

 take / bring back return – GERİ GÖTÜRMEK / GETİRMEK This book is due tomorrow. I guess I should take it back to the library. "Yes, you can borrow my pen, but don't forget to bring it back to me when you're finished."


BY

 pay back take revenge – ÖC ALMAK She paid him back for all his insults.

 put back return something to the proper place – GERİ KOYMAK

C

I've finished with these books. Do you want me to put them back on the shelves?

D

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 set back cause a delay in scheduling – İLERLEMESİNE ENGEL OLMAK

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w

We've had some problems with the project that have set us back at least two days . We'll give you a progress report tomorrow.

w

 set back (2) cost – MALOLMAK I wonder how much Bill's new car set him back?

 drop by visit informally (and usually without scheduling a specific time) UĞRAMAK

If you're in town next month, we'd love to see you. Please try to drop by the house.  get by survive, financially, in a difficult situation GEÇİNMEK

It's going to be hard to pay the rent now that you've lost your job, but somehow we'll get by.

 stand by keep to an agreement – ARKASINDA DURMAK

The company agreed to stand by its original commitment.

 take care of provide care for; watch one's health BAKMAK Lois has been taking care of her father since he returned home from the hospital. "You've been working too hard lately. You'd better take care of yourself!"


 take care of (2) make arrangements (for something to happen); take responsibility for HALLETMEK Will you take care of making reservations for our flight to Boston?

 back down not follow a threat; yield in an argument – GERİ ADIM ATMAK

C

Tom was going to call the police when I told him I'd wrecked his car, but he backed down when I said I'd pay for the damages. Shella was right, so Paul had to back down.

 break down (of machinery) to stop working BOZULMAK

r.

Tom's car broke down on the way to the airport, and he had to get a taxi.

w

D

 break down (2) separate something into component parts BÖLMEK

w

We spent a lot of money at the supermarket. When we broke the total cost down, we spent more on cleaning supplies than food.

w

Alec broke down and cried when his mother died. David broke down and wept when he heard the news.

 break down (4) stop working / functioning BOZULMAK


DOWN

 break down (3) to lose control emotionally or mentally YIKILMAK

Sharon will be late for work today. Her car broke down on the freeway.

 burn down become destroyed / consumed by fire Note: For upright things trees, buildings, etc. only – YANIP KÜL OLMAK

Lightning struck Mr. Kennedy's barn last night. It burned down before the fire fighters arrived. My house burned down last night. In the morning it was just a pile of ashes.

 calm down a person / a difficult situation etc. become calm / less agitated or upset; help someone become calm / less agitated or upset – SAKİNLEŞMEK, SAKİNLEŞTİRMEK

Why are you so upset? Suzie didn't intend to spill orange juice on you. Calm down! "I know Ralph is upset, but can you calm him down? He's making so much noise that he's irritating everyone in the office." My father was very angry and it took him ten minutes to calm down.


 come down to be in the end a matter of – MESELENİN ÖZÜ OLMAK It all comes down to whether you are prepared to accept less money.

George won't be at the office today. He came down with the flu over the weekend.

 cut down on smoking / cigarettes / drinking / spending / production etc. to reduce in size or amount AZALTMAK

C

Last year Peter was very ill and his doctor told him to cut down on the number of cigarettes he smoked. This year Peter smokes much less and feels a lot better. Peter cut down on cigarettes.

r.

 get down make to feel depressed – İÇİNİ KARARTMAK

D

Phil's cheek became swollen because he had a bad tooth ache. The dentist treated his bad tooth and his swollen cheek soon went down.

 lay down state a rule especially lay down the law – KOYMAK, BELİRLEMEK


 come down with become ill with – HASTALANMAK, HASTALIĞA TUTULMAK

 go down to become less swollen İNMEK

w

This cold weather really gets me down.

 let down to disappoint someone (often by breaking a promise or an agreement – HAYAL KIRIKLIĞINA UĞRATMAK, ATLATMAK

Sorry to let you down, but I can't give you a lift today. Julia promised to meet Rick outside the cinema at eight o'clock, but she let him down. He waited for two hours and then he went home angrily.

 look down on hold in contempt; regard as inferior KÜÇÜMSEMEK

It's not surprising that Fred has few friends. He seems to look down on anyone who doesn't like the same things that he does.

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 get down to begin to seriously deal with – İŞE BAŞLAMAK

The company has laid down strict procedures for this kind of situation.

It's time we got down to some real work.  mark down reduce the price (as an incentive to buy) FİYAT İNDİRMEK These shoes were really a bargain! The store marked them down by 40%!


 run down – criticise ELEŞTİRMEK She's always running down her husband.

 run down (2) lose power, allow to decline – BİTMEK, TÜKENMEK

Another company offered me a job but I turned them down. I thought I could borrow some money from Joe, but when I asked, he turned me down. Jeff was interviewed for the job at Bloggs Ltd, but they turned him down because he was too young.


I think the batteries are running down.

 turn down (2) a request / an offer / an applicant / an application etc. to refuse or reject (something or someone) REDDETMEK

 step down resign – İSTİFA ATMEK

The Chairman has stepped down after criticism from shareholders.

 write down record something in writing – NOT ETMEK

Could you tell me your email address again? I want to write it down.

FOR

C

 take down a statement / a telephone number / some information etc. to record in writing – NOT ETMEK

r.

When the policeman arrived at the scene of the accident, he took down the witness's statement.

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 track down trace the whereabouts of – ARAYIP BULMAK

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The police tracked down killer and arrested him.

 turn down decrease the volume – SESİNİ KISMAK Your music is giving me a headache! Please turn it down or use your headphones!

 bargain for take into acount – GÖZ ÖNÜNE ALMAK

We hadn't bargained for there being so much traffic, and we missed the plane.  care for note. used with (not) like; want – İSTEMEK, CANI İSTEMEK

Note: This phrasal verb is usually negative, though it may be used affirmatively in questions A: "Would you care for something to drink? We have coffee, tea, or orange juice." B: "Could I have water, please? I don't care for coffee, tea, or juice."


 care for take care of; supply care to; attend / watch BAKMAK Amy's father got out of the hospital last week. The family is caring for him at home.

 stand for (1) to represent or mean; to be a sign or short form of something else; initials – ANLAMINA GELMEK, YERİNE GEÇMEK B.B.C. stands for British Broadcasting Corporation. e.g. stands for exempli gratia, it's Latin.

 fall for (1) be deceived by KANMAK  stand for (2) represent – TEMSİL ETMEK


It was an unlikely story but he fell for it.

 look for something or someone to try to find (something or someone), often athing or person that is lost ARAMAK

C

Fred wanted to open his front door but he couldn't find his key. He looked for it everywhere. It's in one of my pockets,' he thought.

These letters seem to be an abbreviation. Do you know what they stand for?

 stand for (3) tolerate – TAHAMMÜL ETMEK, DAYANMAK

I will not stand for this kind of behaviour in my house!

 make for go to or toward – GİTMEK, YÖNELMEK

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Her teenaged children are always hungry. As soon as they arrive home from school, they make for the refrigerator.

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 mistake for to think wrongly that (one thing or person) is (another thing or person) KARIŞTIRMAK

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I frightened myself last night when I mistook a piece of old rope for a dangerous snake.

 wait for wait until someone / something arrives or is finished with something else BEKLEMEK

When will Kenny be finished with work? I've been waiting for him for almost an hour! "I'm tired of waiting for the bus. I guess I'll take a taxi instead."


FORWARD

 look forward to a future event anticipate pleasantly; to think with pleasure about a future event that you expect to enjoy – İPLE ÇEKMEK

 put forward a proposal / a plan / a suggestion / an idea etc. to offer (a proposal / a plan etc.) for consideration – ÖNERMEK, ORTAYA ATMAK

r.

C

Mr Smith put forward the idea of introducing traffic lights at the crossroads as a way of preventing traffic jams. The planning committee thought his idea was very good.

D

IN

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 break in enter by using force (and breaking a lock, window, etc.) – KAPIYI KIRIP İÇERİ GİRMEK

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These are nice shoes, but they're too stiff. I hope it doesn't take too long to break them in.

 break in (3) train; get someone / something accustomed to a new routine – ALIŞTIRMAK, EĞİTMEK


I'm really looking forward to vacation. I can't wait for it to begin! Bill Bloggs has been in prison for the last ten years. Next year he'll be released from prison and he'll be a free man. Bill is looking forward to next year.

 break in (2) wear something new until it's / they're comfortable BOLLAŞMAK

Jane's apartment was burglarized last night. Someone broke in while Jane was at the movies.

I hope I can learn my new job quickly. The manager hasn't scheduled much time for breaking me in.

 come in for receive especially criticism, blame – ELEŞTİRİ ALMAK

The government has come in for a lot of criticism over the decision.  drop in to pay a short visit, often without warning UĞRAMAK

Laura was shopping near her friend, Lynn, and decided to drop in and see her.

 drop in (on) visit informally (and usually usually without scheduling a specific time); pay a visit UĞRAMAK

If you're in town next month, we'd love to see you. Please try to drop in.


 fill in a form / a questionnaire etc. add information to a form; to complete (a form) DOLDURMAK The office needs to know your home address and phone number. Could you fill them in on this form? It took me an hour to fill in the application form.

 give in to stop resisting; to surrender – PES ETMEK The fight between Tom and Dick stopped when Tom hurt his hand and had to give in.  go in for make a habit of – ALIŞKANLIK EDİNMEK I don't go in for that kind of illegal things.


 fill in (on) (2) supply information that someone doesn't know – BİLGİ VERMEK I wasn't able to attend the meeting yesterday, but I understand that it was important. Could you fill me in? / Could you fill me in on what was discussed?

C

 fill in for temporarily do someone else's work; temporarily substitute for another person – YERİNE BAKMAK, YERİNİ ALMAK

D

r.

Professor Newton is in the hospital and won't be able to teach for the rest of the term. Do you know who's going to fill in for her?

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 get in enter a small, closed vehicle – ARABAYA BİNMEK

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I don't know where Carole was going. She just got in her car and drove away.  get in (2) arrive GELMEK Do you know what time Fred's plane gets in?

 go in for (2) enter a competition – YARIŞA KATILMAK

Are you thinking of going in for the horse race?  hand in submit homework, an assignment, etc. – TESLİM ETMEK

You'd better get started on your report. You know that you have to hand it in at 8:30 tomorrow morning!

 look in on visit in order to check something's / someone's condition – ZİYARET ETMEK

My father just came home from the hospital. I plan to look in on him today after I finish work.  put in for apply for a job BAŞVURMAK Sue has put in for a teaching job.

 set in establish itself especially weather – KÖK SALMAK, İYİCE YERLEŞMEK I think this rain has set in for the day.


 sink in realise slowly – DANK ETMEK Slowly the realisation that I had won began to sink in.

 stand in for take the place of – YERİNE BAKMAK / GEÇMEK

 take in (often used in the passive) to deceive (someone); to cheat (someone) – KANDIRMAK, ALDATMAK

C

Don't be taken in by her apparent shyness.

 turn in give / deliver / submit to someone – TESLİM ETMEK, VERMEK

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I've written my report, but I haven't turned it in.

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 turn in (2) report or deliver wrongdoers to the authorities – TESLİM OLMAK

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Two days after the robbery, the thieves turned themselves in.

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 check in(to) at a hotel, an airport etc. to report one's arrival; register for / at a hotel, conference, etc.; let someone know officially that you have arrived – OTELE GİRİŞ YAPMAK Jack took a taxi to the hotel and checked in.


Carol has kindly agreed to stand in for Graham at the monthly meeting.

INTO

 break into a building / a bank / a house etc. to enter somewhere (e.g. a house) illegally, especially by force – KAPIYI KIRARAK İÇERİ GİRMEK

Last night a burglar broke into my house and stole my television set.

 come into money / property / a fortune etc to receive something (usually money or property) after someone's death – MİRAS KALMAK

Peter came into a fortune when his father died.

 look into a situation / a crime / a problem /a complaint etc. investigate / get more details about something; to carefully examine a situation or event and try to discover the reasons for it – İNCELEMEK, ARAŞTIRMAK, SORUŞTURMAK

The police have promised to look into the problem.


Someone said there was a meeting at 9:30 but I haven't heard anything about it. Shall I look into it? The police are looking into the death of Mr James. They want to know how he was murdered.

Guess who I ran into at the supermarket! Yesterday at the supermarket, Jan ran into her former roommate. Before yesterday, they hadn't seen each other for nearly five years. I was on my way to work when I ran into Jeremy Thomas.

C

 turn into something or someone to change; to become – HALİNE GETİRMEK/GELMEK, DEĞİŞMEK

r.

The beautiful princess kissed the frog and it turned into a handsome prince.

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OFF

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 back off not follow a threat – GERİ ADIM ATMAK Tom was ready to call the police when I told him I'd wrecked his car, but he backed off when I said I'd pay for the damages.

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The lead singer of 'The Rolling Beatles' pop group is ill, so tonight's concert is off.

 be off (2) (of food) to have gone bad BOZULMAK


 run into someone meet by chance – RASTLAMAK, RAST GELMEK

 be off usually used in the present tense (of an event / an arrangement etc.) to be cancelled – İPTAL OLMAK

Nick decided to have a fried egg for breakfast, but there was a terrible smell when he cracked the egg. 'This egg is off,' he thought. I can't eat it.'

 break off talks / negotiations / an engagement / a relationship / an agreement etc. to end; to interrupt; to discontinue, stop talking – KESİLMEK, SONA ERMEK

Peace talks between Iran and the US have broken off after three days of serious disagreement.

 bring off accomplish something difficult; accomplish something people had considered impossible or unlikely

No one thought Chuck could get an A in that course, but he brought it off.


 call off an event / an arrangement / an activity etc. often used in the passive cancel something that has been scheduled; to abandon something that has already begun – İPTAL ETMEK The Football Association called off the match between England and Greece because of bad weather.

 drop off (2) deliver something; deliver someone (by giving him/her a ride) GÖTÜRMEK Yes, I can take those letters to the post office. I'll drop them off as I go home from work. "You don't have to take a taxi. You live fairly close to me, so I'll be happy to drop you off."


 get off leave a large, closed vehicle – ARAÇTAN İNMEK

 carry off complete successfully perhaps despite a problem – BAŞARIYLA TAMAMLAMAK Jane had a difficult role to play, but she carried it off.

C

 cut off (often used in the passive) – KESİLMEK, KESİNTİYE UĞRAMAK

r.

This verb can refer to either: a) the service or supply that is cut off e.g. water, electricity, etc. or b) the person who is cut off to disconnect, interrupt or discontinue something or someone.

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D

Paul was talking to Anna on the telephone. Suddenly they couldn't hear each other. Paul phoned Anna again immediately. 'What happened?' Anna asked him. 'We were cut off,' replied Paul.

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 drop off something or someone to stop a vehicle and let someone get out; to take something (or someone) to a place and leave it there – ARABAYLA BIRAKMAK David drove his wife, Sue, into town and dropped her off in the cinema.

When you get off the bus, cross the street, turn right on Oak Street, and keep going until you're at the corner of Oak and Lincoln Boulevard.

 get off (2) be excused (for a period of time) from work, class, or other regularly scheduled activities – TATİL OLMAK, İZİNLİ OLMAK

Some companies got Independence Day off but ours didn't. We had to work as usual.

 get off (3) make it possible for someone to avoid punishment – CEZADAN KURTARMAK

Everyone knew he was guilty, but his lawyer was clever and got him off.

 get off with avoid punishment – YIRTMAK, UCUZ KURTULMAK They were lucky to get off with such light sentences.


 give off send off a smell liquid or gas – KOKU ÇIKARMAK The cheese had begun to give off a strange smell.

 go off become bad – food BOZULMAK

 go off (of explosive devices e.g. bombs, guns etc.) (2) to explode or fire; (of alarms or alarm clocks) to ring suddenly PATLAMAK Many people were killed when the bomb went off.

C

 lay off (often passive) to stop employing (a worker), often for a short time because there is not enough work (not because of poor performance) – İŞTEN ATMAK

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Last year the manager of Bloggs Ltd laid off a hundred workers because business was very bad.

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 let off to excuse (someone) from (a punishment, a duty, or doing something) SALIVERMEK

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The thief made off with a valuable necklace.

 pull off manage to succeed KOTARMAK It was a tricky plan, but we pulled it off.


This milk has gone off.

 make off with run away with – ALIP KAÇMAK

As Dave was young, the judge let him off with a fine. Bill should have been sent to prison for six months, but the judge decided to let him off so that he could stay out of prison and take care of his family.

 put off an event / doing something etc. to delay doing something until a late date; to delay an event or arrangement until a later date ERTELEMEK

Martin was very unhappy when he saw the huge pile of dirty dishes in the kitchen. He felt a little happier after deciding to put off the washingup until the next day.  put off (2) postpone; delay; avoid KAÇMAK

I can't put this work off any longer. If I don't do it soon, it'll be impossible to finish it in time. "When will Mr. Smith agree to a meeting? I keep asking for an appointment, but he keeps putting me off."

 put (someone) off (3) to discourage, or distract, (someone) from doing, upset – DİKKATİNİ DAĞITMAK The crowd put the gymnast off, and be fell. Ron was trying to read, but the noise from the television put him off and he had to stop. The noise from the TV put Ron off his book.


 see someone off to say goodbye to someone who is going on a journey at the place (e.g. airport, station etc.) where the journey begins; go to station, airport, etc to say goodbye to someone – YOLCU ETMEK

Was something wrong with Jill? She took off without saying goodbye.

 take off (5) make arrangements to be absent from work – İZİNLİ OLMAK


Bill arranged to go to Scotland to stay with his grandmother for a few days. His father, Frank, drove him to the railway station and saw him off.

 take off (4) leave; depart (often suddenly or quickly) – ÇIKIP GİTMEK

 set off to start a journey – YOLA ÇIKMAK

Barry set off on his camping holiday at six o'clock in the morning and reached the campsite, in France, at midday.

C

 take off (1) (of an aeroplane) to rise from the ground HAVALANMAK

At the beginning of a journey an aeroplane takes off. At the end of a journey an aeroplane lands.

Susan isn't here today. She's taking today and tomorrow off.

 tell (someone) off speak to someone bluntly and negatively, saying exactly what she/he did wrong; to speak angrily to someone who has done something wrong; to find fault with someone AZARLAMAK

Our teacher told us off for being late. Julie was really angry at Bob; she told him off in front of all of us.  turn off stop by turning a handle or switch KAPATMAK

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 take off (2) remove (something you're wearing) ÇIKARTMAK

I'm cold. Do you mind if I turn the air conditioner off?

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Please take your hat off when you go inside a building.

 take off (3) to remove anything that is worn on the body (especially clothes) ÇIKARTMAK Nick took off his jacket because he was feeling very hot.

 turn off (2) bore; repel – SİNİRİNİ BOZMAK, GICIK ETMEK That music turns me off. Please play something else!


 wear off to disappear gradually AZALMAK The pain in Jim's foot wore off after he took some painkiller.

 wear off (2) loose effect especially a drug – ETKİSİNİ KAYBETMEK

David's strange new hairstyle is really catching on; all the young boys in the neighbourhood are copying it.

 catch on (2) develop understanding or knowledge of something – BİR KONUYU HIZLA KAVRAMAK


These painkillers wear off after about two hours.

 catch on to become popular – TUTMAK, MODA OLMAK

Bill had never used a computer until he took this class, but he caught on very quickly and is now one of the best students.

ON

 bring on cause the onset of an illness – NEDEN OLMAK

C

Sitting in the damp brought on his rheumatism.

r.

 bring on (2) cause trouble to happen to oneself – SEBEP OLMAK

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You have brought this on yourself.

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 call on ask someone for an answer in class – SORU SORMAK I don't know why the teacher never calls on you. You always know the answer.

 count on depend on; rely on; trust that something will happen or that someone will do as expected GÜVENMEK

I'm counting on you to wake me up tomorrow. I know I won't hear the alarm.

 drag on last much longer than expected or is necessary UZAMAK

I thought the meeting would be a short one, but it dragged on for more than three hours.  get on make progress especially in life İLERLEMEK Sue is getting on very well in her new job.


 get on enter a large, closed vehicle BİNMEK I'm sorry, but you're too late to say goodbye to Angela. She got on the plane about 20 minutes ago.

 go on happen usually negative – OLMAK, MEYDANA GELMEK

We were set upon by a gang of hooligans.

 take on do something extra – ÜSTLENMEK, ÜSTÜNE ALMAK She has taken on too much with a full time job as well.


Something funny is going on.

 set on / set (up) on – attack SALDIRMAK

 hold on to wait (especially on the telephone) BEKLEMEK

C

George phoned his office because he wanted some information. 'Hold on a minute and I'll get it for you,' said his assistant.

 keep on (followed by an ing verb) – continue DEVAM ETMEK

 try on wear something briefly to check its fit, how it looks, etc. DENEMEK

I'm not sure that jacket is large enough. May I try it on?

 turn on start by turning a handle or switch AÇMAK

It's cold in here. I'm going to turn the heater on.

D

r.

I'm not ready to stop yet. I think I'll keep on working for a while.

OUT

 look on – consider GÖRMEK

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We look on this town as our real home.

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 put on ( clothes / glasses / a ring / a necklace etc. begin to wear; don; to dress oneself GİYMEK It's a little bit chilly outside. You'd better put a sweater on.

 bear out confirm the truth DOĞRULAMAK Helen's story was borne out by her sister.


 break out (of unpleasant things e.g. wars, epidemics, fires, violence etc.) to start, usually suddenly – BAŞLAMAK, PATLAK VERMEK The Second World War broke out on 3 September, 1939.

The attack was successfully carried out.

 carry out instructions / a duty / an order / a threat / a test etc. (2) to fulfill or perform (something) – YERİNE GETİRMEK, YAPMAK, ETMEK

C

Sergeant Jones ordered Private Wilson to push the waggon across the field. The waggon was very heavy but Private Wilson carried out his orders without complaining.

r.

 check out follow procedures for borrowing something (usually for a limited period of time) – ÖDÜNÇ ALMAK

D

We can't afford to buy everything on your shopping list, so I've crossed all the unnecessary things out.  die out to disappear completely; to become extinct – SOYU TÜKENMEK, YOK OLMAK


 carry out complete a plan – YERİNE GETİRMEK, İFA ETMEK

 cross out show that something written is wrong or unnecessary by making an X across it – ÜZERİNİ ÇİZMEK

 draw out prolong something (usually far beyond the normal limits) UZATMAK

I thought that speech would never end. The speaker could have said everything important in about five minutes, but he drew the speech out for over an hour!

 drop out to withdraw from, or stop taking part in (a competition, a social group, a school, a university, a job etc.) BIRAKMAK

Sam dropped out of the race because he felt tired and ill.

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I'm sorry, but you can't take that encyclopedia home. The library won't allow you to check reference books out.

The great dinosaurs died out millions of years ago.

 come out – appear – ÇIKMAK, ORTAYA ÇIKMAK All the flowers have come out. When the news came out, everyone was shocked. My photos didn't come out very well.

 figure out logically find the answer to a problem; solve a problem by thinking about it carefully ANLAMAK For a long time I couldn't understand the last problem, but I finally figured it out.


 figure out (2) understand why someone behaves the way she/he does ÇÖZMEK I can't figure Margie out. Sometimes she's very warm and friendly and sometimes she acts as if she doesn't know me.

 get out of leave a small, closed vehicle – ÇIKMAK, İNMEK There's something wrong with the garage door opener. You'll have to get out of the car and open it by hand.

 get out of (2) escape having to do something YIRTMAK Lisa said she had a terrible headache and got out of giving her speech today.


 fill out complete a form by adding required information – FORM DOLDURMAK

Of course I completed my application! I filled it out and mailed it over three weeks ago!

 find out (about) learn / get information (about) ÖĞRENMEK

 give out books / examination papers / pills etc to give(some thing or things) to each person in a group of people; to distribute DAĞITMAK

The teacher gave out the books, so that the pupils could read the story.

C

I'm sorry that you didn't know the meeting had been canceled. I didn't find out (about it) myself until just a few minutes ago.

 hand out distribute DAGITMAK

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 find out the truth / a secret / an address / the time i when / what / why / where / who / which etc. (2) to make an effort to discover or get to know (something) ÖĞRENMEK

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Mr Jones wanted to catch the train to London. He was late and he didn't know which platform the London train left from. He found out which platform by asking a ticket collector.

Why don't you have a course description and list of assignments? The teacher handed them out on the first day of class.

 hold out offer especially with hope – SAHİP OLMAK

We don't hold out much hope that the price will fall.


 iron out mutually reach an agreement; mutually resolve difficulties – ÇARESİNE BAKMAK Yes, I know we disagree on lots of things, Susan, but we can iron them out.

Bob saw something on the horizon as he was looking through his binoculars. At first he couldn't make out what it was, but after a few minutes he could just make out the shape of a yacht.  miss out fail to include – UNUTMAK, KAÇIRMAK

 knock out make unconscious – YERE İNDİRMEK, YATIRMAK


The boxing match ended when one boxer knocked the other one out. "That medicine really knocked me out. I slept for 14 hours straight!"

You have missed out a word here.

 miss out (2) lose a chance – ŞANSINI KAYBETMEK

Five people got promoted, but I missed out again.

 leave out forget; omit – DIŞARIDA BIRAKMAK, DAHİL ETMEMEK

C

Oh, no! When I made the list of those who attended the meeting, I left your name out!

 pan out succeed; happen as expected (for plans). (Note: almost always negative when in statements.) – OLMAMAK, GERÇEKLEŞMEMEK

I'll be here next week after all. My trip to Chicago didn't pan out.

r.

 let out to allow (a person or an animal) to leave (a place); to release ÇIKARMAK

D

They let Fred out of prison after five years.

When Ella heard that she'd won a million dollars, she was so shocked that she passed out. When the airconditioning stopped working, James found it difficult to breathe and passed out.

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 make out often used in the negative with can't and couldn't manage to see or understand; to see, hear, or understand (something or someone), often with difficulty; see / hear something well enough to understand what it means. (Note: often negative.) – ÇIKARMAK, ANLAMAK

 pass out faint; lose consciousness BAYILMAK

I couldn 't quite make out what the notice said.

 pass out (2) distribute DAĞITMAK Everyone in the room needs one of these information sheets. Who will help me pass them out?


 pick out choose; select SEÇMEK Billy's grandmother especially liked her birthday card because Billy had picked it out himself.

 set out give in detail in writing – ORTAYA KOYMAK This document sets out all the Union demands.  set out (2) – arrange AYARLAMAK

I pointed out that I would be on holiday anyway. My uncle showed me the building he used to work in and he pointed out his old office on the sixth floor.

C

 put out a cigarette / a light / a fire etc. to extinguish SÖNDÜRMEK Steve put out the light in the lounge before going upstairs to bed.

D

r.

 run out of coffee / sugar / money /' patience / time etc. to use all of (something) and have no more left – BİTMEK, KALMAMAK

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On the way home from work, Art ran out of gas. Howard has run out of bread, so he can't make himself a sandwich. If he wants a sandwich, he'll have to go to the baker's shop and buy some more bread.

w

I've set out the refreshments in the hall.


 point out something or someone to draw attention to something or someone – BELİRTMEK, GÖSTERMEK

 set out (3) start an action BAŞLAMAK

Sue set out to write a biography hut it became a novel.

 sort out find a solution – ÇARE BULMAK

Don't worry, Mary will sort out your problem.

 stand out be noticeably better than other similar people or things – DAHA İYİ OLMAK

Good job, Ann! Your work really stands out!

 take out insurance sign an insurance agreement – SİGORTA YAPTIRMAK Ann has taken out life insurance.


 talk into persuade into – İKNA ETMEK Paul talked me into going skiing, against my better judgment.

 try out (3) something or someone to test something (or someone) by using it DENEMEK Angela saw an advertisement for a new soap powder called 'Zap'. She decided to try it out because she wanted to see if it was better than her usual soap powder.

 throw out discard; put in the garbage  turn out happen to be in the end – ORTAYA ÇIKMAK


This food smells bad. You'd better throw it out.

He turned out to be an old friend of Helen's.

 throw out (2) forcibly make someone leave (usually because of bad behavior) – DIŞARI ATMAK

C

Those people are drunk and making everyone uncomfortable. The manager should throw them out.

 watch out for be careful of; beware of – DİKKAT ETMEK

There's a school at the end of this block. Watch out for children crossing the street. "If you take that road, watch out for ice during the winter."

 try out (for) try to win a place on a team or other organization – GİRMEYE ÇALIŞMAK

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I know you want to be on the football team. Are you going to try out? If you like to sing, you should try out for the choir.

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 try out (2) test a machine; use a machine briefly to determine how well it works – TEST ETMEK, DENEMEK

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I really like the way this car looks. May I try it out? Let's try out the new washing machine.

 wear out to use (something) until it becomes unfit for further use; to become unusable after excessive use ESKİTMEK

Paul wore out his favourite jeans after wearing them every day for ten years.

 wear out (2) wear something / use something until it can no longer be worn / be used ESKİTMEK I need a new pencil sharpener. I wore this one out. "I suppose I should get some new shoes. I've almost worn this pair out."


 wear out (3) often used in the passive to tire greatly; to exhaust YORMAK Carrying the heavy box across the street wore Fred out.  work out exercise (usually in a gym, etc.) to build muscles, body tone, etc – EGZERSİZ YAPMAK

C

 work out (2) (a problem /a plan/a method etc. solve a problem / resolve a difficult situation (usually by working together); to produce a way of dealing with a problem or situation by thinking ÇÖZMEK

r.

I know we disagree on many points, but I believe we can work things out. Jimmy is busy doing his homework. At the moment he is working out the answer to a sum.

D

Oh, no! I forgot to save my report before I turned the computer off! Now I'll have to do it over!

 get over finish. (Note: for individual activities, not ones that happen again and again.) – BİTMEK, SONA ERMEK


Instead of eating lunch on Monday, Wednesday, and Friday, Sheila goes to the recreation center to work out.

 do over do something again – YENDİDEN YAPMAK

What time do your classes get over?

 get over (2) an illness /a failure/a difficulty/a shock etc. recover from an illness or painful experience – İYİLEŞMEK, AŞMAK

Katy was really upset when she failed the test. She thought she would never get over feeling so stupid. Sam has got over his operation and expects to leave hospital tomorrow. He has got over his operation.

 get over with come to the end of something, usually unpleasant HALLETMEK

I'll be glad to get this awful business over with.

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 be over to be finished – BİTMEK, SONA ERMEK The storm is over; it has stopped raining and the sun is shining.

 give over (1) abandon, devote AYIRMAK The rest of the time was given over to playing cards.


 look over some work / a car / a house / a document / a suggestion / an applicant etc. check; review; to examine (someone or something) carefully and fully – GÖZDEN GEÇİRMEK, İNCELEMEK

Owen is playing chess with a friend. At the moment he is thinking over his next move.

OF


I think I may have some typos in this report. Could you look it over? Joe wanted to buy a secondhand car. 'That one looks good,' he said to the salesman. 'Give me some time to look it over. If it's in good condition, I'll buy it.'

 think over a problem / a proposal / a situation etc. to consider (something) carefully – GÖZDEN GEÇİRMEK

 pull over drive a vehicle to the side of the rode – ARABAYI KENARA ÇEKMEK

 get rid of dispose of; give away or throw away – ATMAK, ATIP KURTULMAK

That shirt is really ugly. Why don't you get rid of it?

When the policeman indicated that I should pull over, I knew he was going to give me a ticket.

C

 run over check also run through – KONTROL ETMEK Let's run over the plan once more.

The treasurer of the XYZ company was spending too much money so the company president got rid of him.

ROUND

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 take over gain control of; to assume responsibility for, or control of, (something or a situation) from someone else – ELE GEÇİRMEK, ÜSTLENMEK

 get rid of dismiss someone; fire someone from a job; cause someone to leave – İŞTEN ATMAK

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The army tried to take over the country. Simon took over the manager's job from Mr Jones when he retired.

 bring round influence someone to your point of view – İKNA ETMEK After much discussion, I brought the committee round to my point of view.


 come round or come to to regain consciousness AYILMAK James fainted when the airconditioning stopped working. Two of his colleagues took care of him until he came round (came to).

Mr and Mrs Smith wanted to buy a house. The estate agent took them to see a house in the centre of town and said, 'Look round the house and see if it's what you want.'


 get round a problem / a difficulty etc. to solve or avoid a problem HALLETMEK

 look round a house / a shop / a town / a factory / an exhibition etc. to visit and tour round a place. – BAKMAK, GEZMEK, ETRAFA GÖZ ATMAK

Brian and Dan couldn't move the wardrobe because it was too heavy. They got round the problem by putting the wardrobe on a trolley and pushing it.

 fall through fail to come to completion – YATMAK, OLMAMAK, SONU GELMEMEK

The plan fell through at the last minute.

C

 get round (2) someone to persuade someone to do what you want; to persuade someone to let you do what you want – İKNA ETMEK

THROUGH

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Tim wanted some sweets, but his father told him they were bad for his teeth. After five minutes of persuasion, Tim managed to get round his father and they both went into the sweet shop.

We had originally intended to go to Mexico for our vacation, but our trip fell through when I got sick.

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 get round to find time to do also around – YAPACAK ZAMAN BULMAK

 fall through (2) not happen. (Note: describes something that was planned but didn't happen.) – OLMAMAK, GERÇEKLEŞMEMEK

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Sorry, but I haven't got round to fixing the tap yet.

 go round be enough – YETERLİ OLMAK There weren't enough lifejackets to go round.

 get through to contact someone (usually by telephone) – İRTİBAT KURMAK Jim (phoning his friend Roger): Hello, Roger. I've been trying to get through to you for hours! Roger: Sorry, Jim. I had to make a lot of calls this morning.


 get through (2) some work / at ask / a book etc. to finish; to complete BİTİRMEK Roger had a lot of work to do yesterday, but he got through it all by five o'clock.  go through to examine (something) – İNCELEMEK, GÖZDEN GEÇİRMEK

When I told Gina that she'd won a million dollars, she fainted. When she came to, I told her it was a joke and she almost hit me!

 have to do with be about – İLE İLGİLİ OLMAK


When Ben entered this country, a custom's officer went through his suitcase.

 come to regain consciousness AYILMAK

 put through to connect a telephone caller to the number he or she wants – BAĞLAMAK, BAĞLANTI KURMAK

C

Mr Pratt phoned the offices of Gunn and Company. 'Who would you like to speak to?' asked the switchboard operator. 'Put me through to Mr Guhn please,' Mr Pratt replied.

 see through realise the truth about FARKETMEK

This class has to do with the behavior of people in groups.

UP

 add up make sense – MANTIKLI OLMAK

His evidence just doesn't add up.

 add up find the total TOPLAMAK

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I saw through his intentions at once.

What's the total of those bills? Could you add them up and see?

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 come to total – TOPLAMI OLMAK Your charges come to $124.38. Will you pay by check, in cash, or with a credit card?

 add up to to total – TOPLAMI OLMAK The bills add up to $734.96. That's more than I expected!


 back up move backward; move in reverse – GERİ GİTMEK You missed the lines in the parking space. You'll have to back up and try again. "The people waiting in line are too close to the door. We won't be able to open it unless they back up."

We needs lots of balloons for the party. Will you blow them up?

 blow up (3) explode; destroy by exploding PATLATMAK A: "That old building really came down quickly!" B: "That's because the construction company used dynamite to blow it up."


 back up (2) drive a vehicle backwards (in reverse) – ARABAYLA GERİ GİTMEK

 blow up (2) inflate ŞİŞİRMEK

You're too close! Back your car up so I can open the garage door.

 break up disperse; scatter; come to an end DAĞILMAK

 back up (3) confirm a story, facts, or information DOĞRULAMAK

C

If you don't believe me, talk to Dave. He'll back me up.

 break up (2) (of a marriage / a family / a relationship etc.) to end; to separate – SONA ERMEK / ERDİRMEK

The Greens' marriage broke up in 1985 after only two years. Money trouble broke up their marriage.

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 back up (4) make a "protection" copy to use if there are problems with the original – KOPYASINI ALMAK

What time did the party break up last night? The party finally broke up at 3.00 am.

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When my computer crashed, I lost many of my files. It's a good thing I backed them up.

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 blow up to destroy (something or someone) by explosion; to explode – PATLATMAK, HAVAYA UÇURMAK Mr Trent hated his house, so he blew it up with dynamite and built a new one instead.

 break up (3) an activity to stop – DURDURMAK, AYIRMAK

The headmaster broke up the fight between Roger and Clive.  break up (4) usually break up with end a personal relationship AYRILMAK Tim and Julie aren't going steady any more. They got really angry with each other and broke up.


"Have you heard the news? Julie broke up with Tim!" "I'm sorry to hear that their marriage broke up. I'm sure the divorce will be difficult for the children."

 burn up become destroyed / consumed by fire Note: For people and nonupright things only – YANIP KÜL OLMAK All of Mr. Kennedy's hay burned up when his barn burned down.

 bring up mention (as a topic of discussion) BAHSETMEK

 bring up (2) raise; rear; to take care of a child until it is fully grown and able to care for itself; to train and prepare a child for adult life. Note: Children are educated at school. – YETİŞTİRMEK, BÜYÜTMEK

C

Lucy's parents died when she was a baby. Her grandparents brought her up. Joe's mother brought him up well. She loved him, cared for him and taught him how to behave himself. Now he is a polite young man and his mother is proud of him.

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 brush up to improve your knowledge, skill, or memory of (something you used to know, or do, but have now partly forgotten) – BİLGİ TAZELEMEK

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Frank's visit to the international business conference in Paris was a disaster because his French was so bad. His boss said, 'When you get back to England you must brush up your French by enrolling in an evening class.'

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 call up mobilise for military service ASKERE ÇAĞIRMAK


We planned to discuss overtime pay in the meeting. Why didn't someone bring that topic up?

Mark was called up when the war broke out.

 catch up (with) (often without an object; with an object) stop being behind YETİŞMEK

Terry stopped to rest for a few minutes. He'll catch up with us later.

 cheer up to become happier; help someone feel less worried / depressed / sad – NEŞELENMEK, KEYFİ YERİNE GELMEK

Jack was feeling unhappy, but he cheered up when he heard that he had passed his exam.  come up occur usually a problem – ÇIKMAK, OLMAK Look, something has come up, and I can't meet you.


 come up against meet a difficulty – ZORLUKLA KARŞILAŞMAK We've come up against a bit of a problem.

The contract is being drawn up at the moment. The Ajax and TipTop Banks have decided to merge. Their lawyers will draw all the official documents up sometime this month.


 come up with an idea/a plan/a suggestion etc. to think of; to produce; think ofespecially an answer, a plan, a solution – ORTAYA ÇIKMAK, BULMAK

 draw up – organise, especially a document; create a formal document – HAZIRLAMAK, DÜZENLEMEK

We still haven't come up with a solution to the problem.

 end up finish in a certain way, or place; finally arrive at; arrive at an unexpected place – KENDİNİ BULMAK

 crop up happen unexpectedly – ORTAYA ÇIKMAK

We got lost last night and ended up in the next town. We ended up staying there for lunch.

C

I can't come to your party, something has cropped up.

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 do up a house / a room /a flat/an old car etc. to repair; to improve the condition and appearance of something; decorate YENİLEMEK

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We are having our living room done up. When Bob and Sally bought their house it was in a bad state, so they spent six months doing it up. The house looked beautiful by the time they finished.

 end up (2) arrive somewhere as a result or consequence – KENDİNİ SONUNDA BULMAK

You're working too hard. If you don't take it easy, you'll end up in the hospital!

 face up to have courage to deal with especially responsibilities; admit to; take responsibility for YÜZLEŞMEK

You can't pretend that you're doing OK in this course, Joe. Sooner or later, you'll have to face up to the fact that you're failing it.


 feel up to feel strong enough or comfortable enough to do something – KENDİNİ GÜÇLÜ HİSSETMEK Old Mr Smith didn't feel up to walking all that way. I know the accident was a terrible shock. Do you feel up to talking about it?

The police surrounded the criminal's house and ordered him to give himself up. After a few minutes, he came out and they took him to the police station. The criminal gave himself up to the police.

 give up (2) to stop trying to do something (often because it is too difficult) – VAZGEÇMEK, PES ETMEK


 follow up act upon a suggestion – TAVSİYEYE UYMAK

 give up to surrender oneself (usually to someone) – TESLİM OLMAK

Thanks for the information about that book. I'll follow it up.

 follow up (2) take more action – DEVAM ETMEK

One day a hungry dog saw a bunch of juicy grapes hanging from a vine. The dog tried very hard to get the grapes, but it couldn't jump high enough to reach them. After ten frustrating minutes, the dog gave up the attempt and walked home angrily.

C

We'll follow up this lesson next week.

 get up leave bed after sleeping and begin your daily activities – YATAKTAN KALKMAK, KALDIRMAK

After ten days the ship was given up for lost. A: "What's black and white and red all over?" B: "I give up. What?" A: "An embarrassed zebra!"

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You'll have to get up much earlier than usual tomorrow. We have to leave by no later than 6:00 AM. "I know I won't hear the alarm tomorrow morning. Can you get me up at 6:00 AM?"

 give up (3) decide not to try (unsuccessfully) to solve a problem; believed to be dead or lost – VAZGEÇMEK, PES ETMEK

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 give up stop doing something (usually a habit) BIRAKMAK He knows smoking isn't good for his health, but he can't give it up.

 give up (4) (of an habitual activity, smoking / drinking / a job etc.) to stop doing or having (something) BIRAKMAK Howard decided to give up cigarettes after seeing a poster on the dangers of smoking.


 grow up to develop from a child into an adult; spend the years between being a child and being an adult BÜYÜMEK

 hold up (2) a person / a bank / a vehicle etc. to rob, especially using a weapon (e.g. a gun) SOYMAK

Joe has grown up into a fine young man. Did you know that Frank grew up in Malaysia?

Earlier today a masked robber with a gun held up the bank and escaped with a hundred thousand pounds.

A: "Lee really irritates me sometimes. He's really silly and childish." B: "I agree. I wish he would grow up."

C

 hang up end a phone conversation by replacing the receiver – TELEFONU KAPATMAK

I'd like to talk longer, but I'd better hang up. My sister needs to make a call.

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 hold up raise; lift to a higher thannormal position KALDIRMAK

D

 hold up (3) (usually used in the passive) to stop; to delay – DURDURMAK, GECİKTİRMEK


 grow up (2) behave responsibly; behave as an adult, not a child OLGUNLAŞMAK

 hold up (4) rob; threaten someone with harm unless he/she gives her/his money or other valuable things – TEHDİT ETMEK

Sarah is very upset. When she was walking home last night, two men held her up and took her purse and jewelry.

 keep up – continue – DEVAM ETMEK

Well done! Keep up the good work.

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The winner of the race proudly held his trophy up for all to see.

I'm sorry I'm late. There was an accident on the freeway and traffic held me up. Sorry I'm late, I was held up in the traffic.

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 hold up (2) use as an example i.e. a model of good behaviour – ÖRNEK OLMAK Jack was always held up as an example to me.

 let up become less intense or slower AZALMAK It's been raining hard for a long time. Will it ever let up?


 look up a word / a telephone number / an address / a train time/a date etc. to find (or try to find) something (e.g. a telephone number) in a book (e.g. a telephone directory) – SÖZLÜĞE BAKMAK

Colin overslept and was late for work. It was the third time he had overslept that month, so he decided to make up an excuse. He told his boss that the engine of his car had exploded.


"I'm sorry, but I don't know what that word means. I'll have to look it up." While Peter was reading, he found a word that he didn't understand. 'This is a difficult word,' he thought. I'll look it up in the dictionary and see what it means.

 make up (3) a story / a poem / an excuse / an explanation etc. to invent, sometimes with the purpose of deception UYDURMAK

 make up (4) compensate for something missed or not done by doing extra or equivalent work – TELAFİ ETMEK

I'm sorry I missed the test. May I make it up?

Everyone looks up to Joyce because she always makes time to help others. Young Jimmy's favourite footballer is Ted Ross of Arsenal. Jimmy looks up to Ted and he tries to be like him.

 make up (with) (5) reestablish a friendly relationship by admitting guilt BARIŞMAK

C

 look up to someone to respect (someone); to admire (someone) – HAYRAN OLMAK

 make up to become friends again after a quarrel BARIŞMAK

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Yesterday Joan and Jack had a big argument about politics. Earlier today they decided to forget their differences and make up.

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 make up (2) invent / create (imaginary) information – UYDURMAK Judy's story is hard to believe. I'm sure she made it up. I think you made up the whole story.

Jack and his girlfriend were very angry with each other, but last night they finally made up.

 make up (6) for a mistake /doing or not doing something etc. to compensate for – TELAFİ ETMEK

June and Ron arranged to meet outside the cinema at 7.30 p.m. June was very upset when Ron arrived an hour late. Ron made up for being late by apologizing to June and giving her a big bunch of flowers.


 mark up increase the price (for resale) – FİYATINI YÜKSELTMEK Mrs. White's import shop is profitable because she buys things inexpensively and then marks them up.

I didn't complete the assignment because I didn't know how. The directions mixed me up.

 pick up lift; take up – YERDEN ALMAK, KALDIRMAK

C

Those books don't belong on the floor. Will you help me pick them up?

r.

 pick up something or someone (2) arrange to meet someone and give her/him a ride; to collect someone or something (sometimes in a vehicle) – ARABAYLA ALMAK

Of course we can go there together. What time should I pick you up? Jeff was driving home when he saw a hitchhiker. He stopped the car and picked the hitchhiker up.

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The weather seems to be picking up. He was feeling a little tired, so he drank a glass of orange juice. It picked him up enough to finish his work.

 put up return something to the proper place – YERİNE KOYMAK, KALDIRMAK


 mix up cause to become confused – KAFA KARIŞTIRMAK

 pick up (4) refresh; revitalize; improve İYİLEŞMEK

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 pick up (3) get; buy – SATIN ALMAK The children just drank the last of the milk. Could you pick some more up on your way home this evening?

Your toys are all over the floor, Timmy. Please put them up.

 put up (2) offer accommodation; provide someone with a place to sleep – KALACAK YER VERMEK

There's no need for you to check into a hotel. I'll be happy to put you up. We can put you up for a few days.

 put up with to suffer (a difficult situation or person) without complaining – TAHAMMÜL ETMEK

When Uncle Mike comes to visit us, the children behave very badly. They hit him, they play tricks on him and they make a lot of noise. Uncle Mike must love them very much because he puts up with everything they do, and he never gets annoyed with them.


 put up with (2) tolerate; bear – DAYANMAK, TAHAMMÜL ETMEK I can't put up with all this noise! It's really important to come to work on time. The boss won't put up with tardiness.

Terry was talking to his grandfather. 'Speak up, Terry,' his grandfather said. I'm a bit deaf and I can't hear you.'

 stand up rise to a standing position – AYAĞA KALKMAK When the Chairperson entered the room, everyone stood up.


 run up (a bill let a bill get longer without paying) – BORÇ BİRİKTİRMEK

 speak up to speak louder – YÜKSEK SESLE KONUŞMAK

I ran up a huge telephone bill at the hotel.

 run up against encounter usually a problem KARŞILAŞMAK

 stand up to resist, bear stress DAYANMAK

The engine won't stand up to the strain.

We've run up against a slight problem.

C

 step up – increase ARTIRMAK

 set up make arrangements for something; establish – KURMAK, DÜZENLEMEK, AYARLAMAK

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An inquiry into the accident has been set up. You'll see Mr. Thomas tomorrow. I've set a meeting up for 9:30 AM.

Production at the Leeds plant has been stepped up.

 stick up for defend especially yourself, your rights – KENDİNİ SAVUNMAK

You must learn to stick up for yourself.

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 show up arrive; appear GELMEK

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The boss was very upset when you didn't show up for the meeting. What happened?

 take up time occupy time – ZAMAN ALMAK The meeting took up a whole morning.


 take up begin (a hobby or leisuretime activity) – HOBİ OLARAK BAŞLAMAK A: "Do you like to ski?" B: "I've never been skiing, but I think I'd like to take it up."

Don't worry about that missing book, it's bound to turn up sooner or later.

 wake up stop sleeping UYANMAK I usually wake up around 5:00 AM each day.


 take up a hobby / a sport / a job / a habit etc. (2) to begin to study, practice, or do (something) – HOBİ EDİNMEK

 turn up (3) be discovered by chance – ORTAYA ÇIKMAK

Tim wanted to take up painting, so he joined an evening class at the local College of Art.

 tear up a piece of paper / a letter / a newspaper etc. to destroy completely by tearing YIRTMAK

 wake up (2) rouse someone; cause someone to stop sleeping UYANDIRMAK

I have an important meeting tomorrow and I'm afraid I won't hear my alarm. Will you wake me up at 6:00 AM?

C

Brian tore up the letter angrily.

 throw up vomit KUSMAK

We've been talking about the problem for nearly three hours. I hope we'll be able to wrap the discussion up soon.

r.

Paul was so nervous about his job interview that he threw up just before he left for it.

 wrap up finish something; bring something to a conclusion – SONLANDIRMAK, SONUNU GETİRMEK

D

 turn up increase the volume – SESİNİ AÇMAK

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I can barely hear the TV. Can you turn it up a little?

 turn up (2) appear, arrive unexpectedly GELMEK We were all surprised when Pam turned up at the party. We didn't even know she was in town. Not many people turned up for the lesson.

 write up record; report in writing – YAZIYA DÖKMEK

You'll need to make a report on your business meetings. Be sure you write them up as soon as possible after you return from your trip.


UPON

 hit upon/on discover by chance often an idea – KAZARA BULMAK They hit upon the solution quite by chance.


WITH

 go with to match or suit (something); look pleasing together. (Note: for clothes, furniture, etc.) – UYGUN OLMAK

C

You should buy that shirt. It will go well with your dark brown suit. Tom wanted to see if checked trousers go with a striped jacket; he looked in a mirror and thought they looked horrible together.

 hold with agree with an idea) PAYLAŞMAK

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I don't hold with the idea of using force.

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TEST YOUR PHRASAL VERBS FOR KPDS & ÜDS TESTS


PHRASAL VERB QUIZ FOR KPDS & ÜDS 1


1. Our pediatrician said we should always her if the little boy's temperature continued for more than 24 hours.

C

A) come across B) get in touch with C) look forward to D) make up to E) look into

2. Only after a great deal of pressure had been the registrar did he agree to give up the recovery ward in favor of a second operating theatre.

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A) weighed up B) taken to C) put on D) brought down E) turned over

3. He claims he has a cure for the common cold, but I don't suppose he has. A) waited for B) made sure of C) put through D) taken care of E) come up with


4. With the increasingly ageing population in the UK "home telecare" now on the list of priorities. A) lights up B) looks up C) makes do D) points out E) ranks high

8. The main focus of the research to be by a multidisciplinary team will be the study of the genes and proteins of organisms in the context of their informational pathways or networks. A) looked after B) carried out C) made out D) settled down E) brought about

A) work out B) put out C) turn in D) bring through E) take over


5. The findings could also help researchers to ways to improve the brain's recovery after other kinds of damage.

9. Medical science is advancing at such a pace that it is virtually impossible to all the latest developments even within one's own specialist field. A) take up B) keep up with C) carry out D) pull out of E) look down on

C

6. Fat can be for energy only by aerobic metabolism.

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A) brought up B) cut out C) put down D) broken down E) turned on

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A) take down B) bring in C) run out D) put through E) keep to

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7. We will this treatment for a further week by which time recovery should be complete.

10. Osteociasts are cells that bone in the normal course of bone replenishment. A) show off B) pull through C) break down D) put out E) cut off



1. Patients seeking to scars have several options, depending on the depth of the scar.


A) get rid of B) sort out C) take back D) get along with E) fold over

w

w

w

D

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C

2. In the first half of the 20th century many scientists liquid crystals as chemical impurities with no scientific or practical merit. A) put down B) wrote off C) let go of D) took care of E) left out

3. I hope predictions that we'll begin to oil around the year 2015 will convince people to use this precious resource more sparingly. A) run out of B) bring about C) slow down D) make do with E) send out for


4. The new engineer is highly knowledgeable; but can we him to lead the team successfully? A) take up B) rely on C) put on D) run on E) make on

8. Many of the lesser developed countries find it hard to the more developed ones, due to the rapid advances in technology there. A) get through B) turn upon C) make up for D) keep up with E) look out

A) set off B) put through C) based on D) carried on E) come across


5. All science is the fact that every natural event has a natural cause.

9. The fuel used by ships and aircraft to bring food and drink to Britain 4 million tons of CO2 emissions. A) speeds up B) brings out C) gets through D) accounts for E) deals with

C

6. In an effort to airpollution levels in busy cities, driving is banned in 150 cities in Italy for 10 hours every Sunday.

D

r.

A) force out B) move off with C) bring off D) put up with E) cut back on

w

w

7. A motion study of assembly procedures the design and disposition of the bench, tools, containers and materials used.

w

A) makes up for B) puts pressure on C) takes into account D) cuts free from E) gets on with

10. The suggestions put forward by the research team were immediately by management and will shortly go into effect. A) made out B) taken up C) ruled out D) put off E) turned back



1. Various treaties and conferences have the prohibition of chemical warfare.


A) looked down B) put up with C) turned off D) filled in E) dealt with

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w

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D

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C

2. Over two million corn farmers in Mexico have been business following the import of heavily subsidised corn from the US. A) put out of B) brought up to C) made up for D) played down to E) shown up to

3. Out of the work of the great thinkers of the seventeenth century was developed a new outlook on the world, and it was this outlook which the decay of the belief in witchcraft and other superstitions. A) got rid of B) drove off C) made up D) brought about E) kept out


4. In Italy, even judges and priests who have been brave enough to the Mafia, have been brutally and indiscriminately murdered.

A) made over B) turned down C) found out D) played down E) put off


A) stand up against B) put out of C) strike up against D) run over E) follow up

5. Every community in the world recognizes certain activities as crimes, and has developed its own way of them.

C

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D

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6. The visitors were taken to the airport, and there they were by the assistant manager.

w

w

7. I'm sure the boy is not really backward, but it is certainly difficult for him to the other students in his class. A) pull up B) make up for C) keep up with D) turn down E) take over

9. Their aim must be to the barriers that hinder the free flow of information between employees, systems and devices. A) run up B) close up C) pull through D) break down E) turn down

A) depending on B) breaking into C) looking after D) making for E) dealing with

A) made off B) seen off C) put through D) turned out E) looked over

8. Most people would be by the idea of a computer that contains living brain cells.

10. Their state assets were to foreign capital at bargain prices. A) paid off B) brought up C) auctioned off D) put trough E) closed down



1. He admits that he has not yet fully the true implications or the logical conclusions of his of startling discovery.


A) given back B) thought out C) played down D) taken over E) backed out

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w

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D

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C

2. Almost all the villages in New Guinea are surrounded by shrubby zones where people have the original rain forest and planted gardens. A) kept out B) wrapped up C) made up D) cleared away E) sealed off

3. Couldn’t we ensure that all critical networks are kept securely from the rest of the world? A) taken away B) left out C) put down D) made over E) cut off


4. A great many socalled useful gadgets sound great in theory but in practice, don’t you agree? A) make do B) pull down C) turn over D) fall short E) keep up

A) put on B) get off C) catch up D) take place E) settle down

A) fill out B) watch out for C) take part in D) make do with E) open up


5. There were plenty of people willing to the experiment as the subject, “controlling emotions”, attracted them.

C

r.

w

D w

w

7. When someone chokes on food, it is because the food has slipped into the air passage and breathing. A) given in B) kept on C) set out D) switched off E) cut off

9. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2), a naturally occurring greenhouse gas, has been as a result of activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. A) setting out B) building up C) going out D) coming in E) reaching up

6. Finally, the commissioners settled on a short, simple, constitutional amendment granting Congress the authority to guidelines for selecting temporary members in an emergency. A) hold up B) bring down C) call out D) serve up E) set up

8. The vitamin portion of a coenzyme allows a chemical reaction to , while the remaining portion of the coenzyme binds to the enzyme.

10. The movement of electrons within electromagnetic waves some of the wave’s energy, affecting the properties of the wave and how it travels. A) tells off B) puts in C) finds out D) uses up E) goes around



1. The tragedy would never have happened if they had not from the main group.


A) run out B) cut out C) taken over D) turned off E) broken away

2. As managing director he is expected to himself the sole responsibility for launching the campaign.

C

A) make for B) take upon C) care for D) bring about E) lock into

w

w

w

D

r.

3. He was rather when he learned that his proposal had been turned down. A) hurried on B) sent away C) found out D) seen to E) put out

4. I was astonished to learn how such an experienced man as Dr Foster could be by her tricks. A) locked up B) found out C) run over D) made up E) taken in


5. I don’t know how the nurse the constant demands of that elderly patient.

9. As my secretary will be away for a couple of days, would you be kind enough to my correspondence?

A) thinks over B) changes over C) puts up with D) wakes up E) turns on

A) play back B) bring off C) take care of D) return to E) turn off

A) watch out B) look up C) break through D) take over E) go through

A) go on B) do without C) put out D) show off E) break into

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D

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C

7. Following the bomb explosion in the shopping centre, the police have been warning people to any suspicious looking parcel. A) rely on B) run through C) take over D) watch out for E) send for

w

w

8. In an effort to the rate of inflation many banks have raised their interest rates. A) run out of B) watch out C) stand by D) put out E) keep up with

10. Before I send this article to the editor, I’d be grateful if you could it for me.


6. After that last incident, even the manager admits that we can their services.



1. I had my doubts about her when I took her on, but now I’m pleased to say that she has to be a talented executive.


A) taken up B) run over C) turned out D) made out E) carried on

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w

w

D

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C

2. Due to the industrialisation and colonisation, the nineteenth century the greatest expansion of wealth the world had ever known. A) brought about B) put off C) held up D) gave in E) set off

3. The two archaeologists have tried hard to read the inscription in old Latin, but I do not think they have what it really means. A) got away with B) written off C) taken after D) made out E) brought up


8. At the board meeting, his suggestion was as it seemed politically controversial.

A) disposed of B) fed up C) rounded up D) looked into E) cared for

A) put out B) taken out C) held in D) burst into E) cast aside

5. He’s basically a very resilient person, so you can be sure he’ll soon this disappointment.

9. Despite the gusty wind they were able to put out the fire before it .


4. The children of today are healthier and better than those of the past, and far fewer of them die in infancy.

A) fell off B) was taken into account C) was held out D) got out of hand E) broke up

A) make out B) put through C) get over D) look up E) fall through

C

6. Whatever the pressures put upon him, I think it is highly unlikely that James would ever anyone.

D

r.

A) walk away with B) give in to C) make up for D) get away with E) fall through

w

A) taken after B) run down C) made out D) sent for E) turned up

w

w

7. As soon as the leak in the boiler was noticed, one of the engineers was naturally .

10. I don’t know how we are going to the expected surge of immigrants into the country. A) run through B) cope with C) put out D) take down E) look over



1. I don’t know how we are going to the expected surge of immigrants into the country.


A) look over B) run through C) put out D) take down E) deal with

C

2. The Jewish immigrants, who the boat in England, formed the bulk of the ethnic groups arriving in a country historically wary of foreigners. A) took after B) got off C) turned up D) made up E) showed off

w

w

w

D

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3. Since most of the world’s commercial apples lack genetic diversity, they are unable to a disease or a pest. A) put away B) hold up C) fight off D) get off E) break out

4. The atmosphere the earth as if it were a huge roof. A) breaks up B) makes for C) hangs over D) puts off E) runs over


9. The problem of how to the vast quantities of waste we produce, requires our urgent attention.

A) turned down B) got through C) made up D) made out E) put down

A) bring up B) win over C) find out D) put off E) deal with


5. A hundred years ago the chestnut a quarter of the hardwood trees in America.

6. Evidence of racial bias in sentencing helped to convince certain states in America to capital punishment in the late 1960s and early 1970s.

C

A) keep down B) rule against C) put out D) point out E) break through

7. Natural disasters have been defined as ecological disruptions exceeding the adjustment capacity of a community and outside assistance.

w

w

D

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A) stepping up B) putting up with C) look after D) calling for E) dealing with

w

8. It is hard for a tiger, especially an inexperienced one, to how to attack an animal that is facing it. A) figure out B) keep away C) rule out D) fall back E) run over

10. Once the children have grown up, I shall start travelling again, and I'm really that. A) passing on to B) waiting up for C) looking forward to D) making up for E) going along with



1. I'm afraid I can't the signature on this painting but it has been signed.


A) make out B) take out C) find out D) turn back E) put down

w

w

w

D

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C

2. The top research universities in the USA are the fact that women researchers are encountering substantial barriers to career advancement. A) waiting for B) pulling out of C) facing up to D) trying out E) turning up

3. His doctor advising him to take it easy for a while and stop all overtime but he didn't listen. A) made up B) kept on C) ran through D) left out E) played down


8. The operation weakened him, but he’ll shortly now that he knows he is coming out of hospital.

A) keep in with B) put up with C) find out D) take good care of E) look up to

A) watch out for B) put through C) keep up with D) made up E) pull through


4. Because critical periods occur throughout pregnancy, a woman should continuously her health.

5. In the early twentieth century, a number of scientists, who had been trained as physicists, were interested in the study of biological organisms, and their efforts the field we now call molecular biology.

C

A) took leave of B) made up for C) gave rise to D) showed up E) fell apart

w

D

A) calls for B) holds out C) keeps up D) puts on E) brings about

r.

6. In the introduction to this book, the writer a foreign policy that makes world peace the top priority.

w

w

7. Thanks to various advances in modern medicine, certain diseases that were seemingly incurable now treatment. A) consist of B) yield to C) interfere with D) stem from E) result from

9. If a part of the city is residential use, no one may build a factory there. A) borne down B) made for C) taken out D) zoned for E) checked with

10. One of the disadvantages of growing older is that you never seem to have the opportunity to all of the sports you would like to. A) catch sight of B) make room for C) lose track of D) take part in E) set sail to



1. No one knows when the oil wells of the world will , but what is certain is that before they do, alternative sources of energy must be developed.


A) dry up B) run up C) back off D) drop off E) lay over

w

w

w

D

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C

2. The Congress have a big problem in their economic policy: the unions won’t cooperate, and management doesn’t approve of what they are trying to do. A) looked down upon B) cut down on C) fit up to D) got away with E) come up against

3. The manager who was said to have revealed the plans so as to get financial benefit after the criticism from the shareholders. A) set up B) stood for C) stepped down D) got over E) broke up


4. It has become a fashion among famous people to use some of their money to needy people.

A) paid in B) joined in C) called by D) got by E) passed out

5. In our national policies, we should growth of all sectors of our economy and not just the export sector. A) keep pace with B) run out of C) lay emphasis on D) take advantage of E) bear in mind

A) holding up B) coming along C) dealing with D) paying for E) taking over

C

6. Medical professionals have always visual analysis to provide clues about a patients condition.

D

r.

A) run through B) relied on C) caught up with D) watched out for E) put out

w

w

7. Before the meeting begins, it'd be advisable to remind him that he's not, on any account, to the subject of unemployment.

w

9. Among the Maori of New Zealand, each community has developed its own way of crimes and has chosen a number of different punishments to match them.


A) comply with B) run for C) call off D) provide for E) sort out

A) look through B) take back C) bring up D) break out E) make out

8. I heard that this morning someone , but you were out and they left.

10. The population of the underdeveloped countries is growing so fast that the agricultural activities there are unable to the progressively rising demand for food. A) keep up with B) make sure of C) look out for D) bring up E) sort out



1. When sulfur dioxide emissions from electric power plants particles of water in the atmosphere, they fall to ground as acid rain or snow.


A) combine with B) range from C) rely upon D) compose of E) put ahead

w

w

w

D

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C

2. The two archaeologists have tried hard to read the inscription in old Latin, but I do not suppose they have what it literally means. A) got away with B) written off C) taken after D) made out E) brought up

3. Aristotelianism a geocentric view of the universe and dealt with nature in qualitative rather than quantitative terms. A) held out B) got about C) rested on D) sorted out E) worn off


4. I will be calling in at their office tomorrow, so I can those documents for you if you like. A) cut down B) bring about C) put across D) pick up E) wipe out

8. Before the plane , the flight attendant told everyone to fasten their seat belts and put their chairs in an upright position. A) borne out B) closed in C) turned up D) took off E) got down

9. The atmosphere the earth as if it were a huge roof.


A) breaks up B) makes for C) hangs over D) puts off E) runs over


5. Because critical periods occur throughout pregrancy, a woman should continuously her health.

C

6. His theory seems, at first, to be plausible, but the facts in his research don't .

D

r.

A) turn up B) add up C) take after D) make up E) back out

w

A) disposed of B) fed up C) rounded up D) looked into E) cared for

w

w

7. Babies of our age are healthier and better than those of the past and far fewer of them die in infancy.

10. Popular protest and extensive media coverage finally helped change in the country's environmental policies. A) keep off B) rule out C) bring about D) point out E) break up



1. In the introduction to this book, the writer a foreign policy that makes world peace the top priority.


A) calls for B) holds out C) keeps up D) puts on E) brings about

w

w

w

D

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C

2. This radio station is based in Chicago, which is 60 miles from here. That is why the broadcast doesn't clearly. A) turn down B) get through C) come in D) make off E) put down

3. For decades, scientists have theorized that much of the universe is nearly undetectable dark matter and dark energy. A) made up of B) taken over by C) lost in D) held on E) broken away from


8. He's basically a very resilient person, so you can be sure he'll soon this disappointment.

A) walk away with B) give in to C) make up for D) get away with E) fall through

A) make out B) put through C) get over D) look up E) give up

5. In the early twentieth century, a number of scientists, who had been trained as physicists, were interested in the study of biological organisms, and their efforts the field we now call “molecular biology”.

9. In an effort to the rate of inflation, many banks have raised their interest rates.

C

A) took leave of B) made up for C) gave rise to D) showed up E) fell part


4. Whatever the pressures put upon him, I think it is highly unlikely that James would ever anyone.

w

D

A) run through B) cope with C) put out D) take down E) look over

r.

6. I don't know how we are going to the expected surge of immigrants into the country.

w

w

7. Though only a handful of savants were even Newton's existence, he had arrived at the point where he had become the leading mathematician in Europe. A) exposed to B) aware of C) content with D) capable of E) appropriate for

A) run out of B) watch out C) stand by D) put out E) keep up with

10. I would like to open a private old people's home, but I don't know yet how to it. A) look through B) set about C) rush open D) put on E) turn on



1. As my secretary will be away for a couple of days, would you be kind enough to my correspondence?


A) play back B) bring off C) take care of D) return to E) turn off

2. The committee has the matter, but they have found no irregularities.

C

A) looked into B) taken off C) played down D) stood for E) made up

w

w

w

D

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3. Due to industrialization and colonization, the nineteenth century the greatest expansion of wealth the world had ever known. A) brought about B) put off C) held up D) gave in E) set off


4. For legal reasons, our lawyer wants to the papers thoroughly before we sign them.

8. My parents are taking me to the theatre this evening to my being ill when they had a party last week.

A) go over B) write off C) take in D) pull together E) check out

A) go down with B) keep in touch with C) make up for D) take no notice of E) take part in

A) taken after B) run down C) made out D) sent for E) turned up


5. As soon as the leak in the tank was noticed, one of the engineers was naturally .

A) break down B) take up C) call off D) put out E) make off

w

D

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C

6. The foreman has a way of making most people do what he wants, but somehow I don't think he'll manage to the new director! A) get around B) make up for C) turn over D) keep up with E) rule out

w

w

7. The man who created the firs computer virus has been sentenced to 20 months in an American federal prison, it is generally agreed that he has been very lightly. A) shown upon B) let off C) taken down D) given up E) brought in

9. It is important for people who lead an inactive life to a sport like swimming.

10. Although it cannot be proven scientifically, presumably the expansion of the universe will as it approaches a critical radius. A) slow down B) cool down C) build up D) filter out E) go off



1. There were some beach huts here only a few days ago, but they were by the flood.


A) carried out B) pointed out C) poured down D) swept away E) taken up

w

w

w

D

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C

2. Climate shifts could disrupt farming and thousands of species of animals and plants. A) make up B) wear off C) wipe out D) eat away E) put across

3. Our paediatrician said we should always her if the little boy’s temperature continued for more than 24 hours. A) come across B) get in touch with C) look forward to D) make up to E) look into


4. Only after a great deal of pressure had been the registrar did he agree to give up the recovery ward in favour of a second operating theatre. A) weighed up B) taken to C) put on D) brought down E) turned over

8. If you don't know the name of the artist, it in the catalogue. A) look / down on B) look / forward to C) look / up D) look / after E) look / for


9. ! There's a car coming. 5. He claims he has a cure for the common cold, but I don’t suppose he has. A) waited for B) made sure of C) put through D) taken care of E) come up with

10. I'm not going to punish you now, but next time I won't let you it.

C

6. The letters UNO the United Nations Organization.

D

r.

A) stand up B) stand for C) stand out D) stand by E) stand up against

w

w

w

7. I was surprised that the firemen so promptly. A) turned on B) turned down C) turned out D) turned up E) turned off

A) Look out B) Put out C) Take away D) Put away E) Slip away

A) look away B) get away with C) take away D) go on with E) catch up with



1. I'm going to golf next year.


A) take to B) take up C) take after D) take in E) take down

2. The fingerprints on the telephone Minty Miller.

w

w

w

D

r.

C

A) took away B) made out C) gave out D) gave away E) turned out

3. When I opened the bottle, it a strong smell. A) gave away B) gave up C) gave off D) gave in E) gave on to

4. The train was by fog. A) seen off B) set out C) kept on D) called off E) held up


5. When the burglar entered the house, he the alarm.

A) gave back B) gave out C) gave in D) gave away E) gave off

A) set off B) called off C) took up D) saw off E) put up

10. I've just a beautiful poem in this book.


6. I her quite by chance as I was walking along the street.

A) caught up with B) looked into C) seen to D) come across E) come to

A) let down B) ran into C) turned down D) turned into E) went into

D

r.

C

7. What excuse will you this time? Speak! A) make up B) take up C) put up D) speak up E) pack up

9. The boys fought until one .

w

w

8. I don't think I can this awful weather much longer.

w

A) put up with B) go back on C) get rid of D) go into E) look forward to



1. In complex animals we can identify ten major organ systems that together the organism.


A) set off B) make up C) hold up ed D) work out E) bring in

C

2. The projects will be originality of thought and potential impact on society by distinguished specialists. A) judged on B) related to C) applied to D) brought up E) dealt with

w

w

w

D

r.

3. At 4 o’clock that same afternoon, he got into his car and for Bursa. A) put up B) got off C) kept on D) set off E) sent out


4. It didn’t happen all at once, but before long the business really began to , and they started to make a profit. A) look back B) take up C) point out D) keep on E) try out

8. The French explorer M. Peisel was touring Tibet when he first a series of tall, mysterious, starshaped stone towers along the Chinese border.


A) got through B) came across C) felt for D) made up E) ran over

5. Every time we turn on our lights, cook a meal or heat our homes, we are some form of fuel to make it happen.

9. He must have had some sound reasons for such a rigid timetable.

A) sending for B) waiting on C) relying on D) making out E) pulling through

A) setting out B) drawing up C) running up D) turning off E) looking into

10. It’s a delightful novel, and the reader soon gets in the lives of the characters as the story progresses.

A) took over B) put up C) held on D) grew up E) showed up

A) caught up B) found out C) put out D) turned over E) fed up

D

r.

C

6. Virginia was a brilliant young woman who in a literary atmosphere.

w

A) given up B) put away C) made out D) opened up E) turned off

w

w

7. If your brother phones, be sure to ask him if he really has smoking.



1. Much of every teacher’s time is marking papers.


A) brought up B) taken up with C) held up D) made out E) carried out

2. My car as I was on my way to pick up the children from school.

w

w

w

D

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C

A) got off B) broke down C) let down D) gave in E) took off

3. The prices of commodities such as tea and coffee have benefited from the general boom in commodity prices by increased demand and fairly static supply. A) brought about B) kept on C) taken up D) pulled down E) turned up


8. One of the greatest roles of photography is to record images of the world around us worthy to be as a heritage for all generations.

A) put out B) make up C) put up D) take to E) look into

A) brought back B) given back C) handed down D) thrown out E) sent down


4. In this test, the candidate is shown as many as 20 different pictures of persons and scenes, and is asked to a story about each.

9. It really is a first class product, so now it's up to the advertising department to an effective way of launching it onto the market.

A) give off B) leave off C) turn on D) put away E) take off

A) put up with B) keep up C) come up with D) take after E) pull through

C

5. At airports, planes waste a lot of fuel and large amounts of exhaust as they taxi to the runway.

w

w

D

A) come across B) find out C) lead on D) leave out E) show around

r.

6. The country’s Minister for Development couldn’t get much work done today because there were so many visitors to .

w

7. Many sea creatures live alone from birth and so must solutions to everyday problems without a model to copy. A) take off B) work out C) put up D) pull out E) let out

10. According to a leading article in one of today's newspapers, a group of foreign businessmen are planning to a new project in the region. A) break into B) bring up C) set up D) run up E) clear out



1. We will give all the staff copies of the guidelines on the security procedures that were by the administration.


A) given back B) drawn up C) brought up D) found out E) shown out

w

w

w

D

r.

C

2. Even in the farthest corners of the world, firms must be able to their people and their assets. A) look down on B) put up with C) keep in touch with D) stay clear of E) wait up for

3. Of all the inventions of the 1800's, the gasoline engine was the one that the most farreaching changes in transportation. A) called on B) found out C) put off D) brought about E) made out


4. Most smokers who smoking are able to quit on their own, but some need professional help. A) turn off B) give up C) run through D) take after E) put off

A) turn off B) use up C) take in D) carry out E) pick up

A) do with B) make up C) go without D) provide for E) put up with


5. Conservationists work to ensure that the environment can continue to human needs.

C

r.

D w

w

w

7. Kosrae is the smallest of the four island states that the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the largest and most populous political entity that emerged after World War II. A) keep away B) tie up with C) make up D) set down E) take on

9. Solar heating never in the US because of the cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas. A) caught on B) played up C) turned over D) waited on E) looked back

6. As my husband and I had to attend an important meeting at that night, we asked our next door neighbor to our son. A) take care of B) turn off C) break into D) bring about E) get rid of

8. Cells convert energy from one form to another and use that energy to various activities, ranging from mechanical work to chemical synthesis.

10. There has been increasing pressure in the US to the amount of funding allocated to foreign aid, and instead, use the funds to improve the domestic economy. A) make up for B) point out to C) keep up with D) cut down on E) take up with



1. Pakistan the Indus and its tributaries for almost half of its irrigation supplies.


A) turns back B) waits for C) takes to D) pulls up E) relies on

w

w

w

D

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C

2. As Egypt its biggest irrigation project, the Pharaohs' dream of spreading their kingdoms into the deserts is coming true. A) puts off B) embarks on C) breaks up D) tries on E) shows up

3. The first two paragraphs the particular requirements of the digital environment as the source of data and as a means of producing maps and other visualisations. A) lay emphasis on B) run out of C) break through D) stop short of E) look down on


7. An important aspect of the application of mathematics is that different ways of making mathematical sense of everyday questions different answers.

A) setting out B) building up C) going out D) coming in E) reaching up

A) keep up B) bring over C) lead to D) show off E) find out


4. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2), a naturally occurring greenhouse gas, has been as a result of activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation.

The movement of electrons within electromagnetic waves some of the wave’s energy, affecting the properties of the wave and how it travels.

C

A) tells off B) puts in C) finds out D) uses up E) goes around

w

w

w

D

A) figure out B) go for C) connect with D) set up E) make up

r.

6. Several research groups have been racing to how to regenerate hair cells.

8. The amount of fish caught did not the massive increase in vessel tonnage and fishing effort. A) pull through B) make do with C) keep pace with D) come across E) break out of

9. Home heating, which less than 7 per cent of all energy consumed in the US, has had a commendable efficiency record. A) accounts for B) comes with C) joins in D) picks up E) brings out

10. A mystery virus has more than 90 per cent of some bird species in India. A) found out B) broken through C) turned up D) wiped out E) put off



1. The report emphasizes that, due to serious acidification in the coastal waters, many marine organisms have .


A) died out B) taken off C) used up D) run down E) ended up

w

w

w

D

r.

C

2. As a family we are used to moving from one part of the country to another, and we usually pretty quickly in each new home. A) run through B) move round C) turn down D) come through E) settle down

3. The EU recognizes that progress on human rights around the world the cooperation and collaboration of many groups and individuals. A) gets into B) makes up C) takes off D) depends on E) puts off


4. The term “geography” the English language in the 16th century from Latin and ultimately Greek, at the time when European navigators were beginning to explore Africa and the New World.

5. If this business goes on in such an awful way, it will hundreds of unemployed.

w

D

r.

6. There were plenty of people willing to the experiment as the subject, “controlling emotions”, attracted them. A) fill out B) take part in C) watch out for D) make do with E) open up

w

w

7. Finally, the commissioners settled on a short, simple, constitutional amendment granting Congress the authority to guidelines for selecting temporary members in an emergency. A) hold up B) bring down C) call out D) serve up E) set up

9. The Council of Europe, the continent’s oldest political organization, was in 1949 to defend, among other things, human rights and the rule of law. A) set up B) pulled through C) set aside D) put up E) made out

C

A) do without B) hang around with C) end up with D) go up against E) make out for

A) turns over B) looks for C) gives up D) puts out E) takes up


A) broke into B) turned out C) carried away D) went on E) came into

8. The trouble with golf as a hobby is that it too much of one’s time.

10. When someone chokes on food, it is because the food has slipped into the air passage and breathing. A) given in B) kept on C) set out D) switched off E) cut off



1. The vitamin portion of a coenzyme allows a chemical reaction to , while the remaining portion of the coenzyme binds to the enzyme.


A) put on B) get off C) catch up D) take place E) settle down

w

w

w

D

r.

C

2. If adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply does not demand, muscle contraction ceases. A) make up for B) keep up with C) account for D) run out of E) give up

3. A wise vegetarian does not solely the products made of textured vegetable protein, but learns to use a variety of whole foods instead. A) set out B) take along C) draw up D) rely on E) make for


4. The worst fires firemen have to are those that emit stifling smoke and noxious gases. A) take over B) put over C) fill out D) cope with E) pull through

7. When a tissue is injured, a rapid chain of events the production of fibrin, a stringy, insoluble mass of protein fibers that forms a clot from liquid blood. A) holds up B) makes up C) breaks down D) leads to E) puts out


5. The correct time to start a baby on solid food its needs and readiness.

8. Patients want to believe that their physicians them as people, not just as patients.

A) builds up B) depends on C) cares for D) puts forward E) slows down

A) put up with B) care about C) take after D) look into E) pull through

w

w

w

D

r.

A) cut down B) pull up C) slow down D) wait for E) take up

C

6. Recent findings answer key questions about how tumour cells residence in other parts of the body.

9. Iron must be in the reduced or ferrous form for absorption to . A) come across B) make do C) turn on D) take place E) get across

10. Most of our exposure to organic mercury eating oily fish such as tuna. A) plays up B) turns into C) comes from D) finds out E) puts up with



C

ACADEMIC VOCABULARY

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D

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 Accompany Eşlik etmek ACADEMIC VOCABULARY FOR KPDS & ÜDS 1

 Abandon Terketmek


By the time the rebel troops arrived, the village had already been abandoned.

The course books are accompanied by four cassettes. Depression is almost always accompanied by insomnia. The salmon was accompanied by ( yanında olmak) a fresh green salad. Would you like me to accompany you to your room? "May I accompany you to the ball?" he asked her. I have two tickets for the theatre on Saturday evening would you care to accompany me?

 Abstract Soyut

Truth and beauty are abstract concepts.

 Academy Akademi

C

a military/police academy the Royal Academy of Dramatic Art

 Access Ulaşım erişim / giriş

As people accumulate more wealth, they tend to spend a greater proportion of their incomes. The company said the debt was accumulated during its acquisition of nine individual businesses. A thick layer of dust had accumulated in the room. If you don't sort out the papers on your desk on a regular basis they just keep on accumulating.

D

r.

The only access to the village is by boat. The main access to ( entrance to) the building is at the side.

 Accumulate Biriktirmek, birikmek

 Accurate Doğru

w

w

 Accommodate Kalacak veya bırakacak yer bulmak

w

New students may be accommodated in halls of residence. There wasn't enough space to accommodate the files.

an accurate machine an accurate description The figures they have used are just not accurate. Her novel is an accurate reflection of life in postwar Spain. We hope to become more accurate in predicting earthquakes.


 Achieve Erişmek, ulaşmak The government's training policy, he claimed, was achieving its objectives. She finally achieved her ambition to visit South America. I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've achieved nothing.

r.

C

[+ ing form of verb] She acknowledged having been at fault. [+ that] She acknowledged that she had been at fault. You must acknowledge the truth of her argument. Historians generally acknowledge her as a genius in her field. [+ object + to infinitive] She is usually acknowledged to be one of our best artists. They refused to acknowledge the new government. Please acknowledge receipt of this letter. He didn't even acknowledge my presence. The government won't even acknowledge the existence of the problem.

D

 Acquire Almak, elde etmek, kazanmak:

w

w

He acquired the firm in 1978. I was wearing a newly/recently acquired jacket. I seem to have acquired ( obtained although I don't know how) two copies of this book. During this period he acquired a reputation for being a womanizer.

w

Many software companies have adapted popular programs to the new operating system. The recipe here is a lamb roast adapted from Caroline O'Neill's book 'Louisiana Kitchen'. [+ to infinitive] We had to adapt our plans to fit Jack's timetable. The play had been adapted for ( changed to make it suitable for) children. Davies is busy adapting Brinkworth's latest novel for television.


 Acknowledge Kabul etmek, tanımak, farkında olmak

 Adapt Adapte etmek, uyarlamak, uydurmak

 Adequate Yeteri kadar, yeterli

Have we got adequate food for twenty guests? I didn't have adequate time to prepare. It's not by any means a brilliant salary but it's adequate for our needs. The council's provision for the elderly is barely adequate ( is not enough). [+ to infinitive] Will future oil supplies be adequate to meet world needs?

 Adjacent Yanı başında, yakınında

They work in adjacent buildings. They lived in a house adjacent to the railway.

 Adjust Ayarlamak, alışmak If the chair is too high you can adjust it to suit you. As a teacher you have to adjust your methods to suit the needs of slower children. I can't adjust to living on my own. Her eyes slowly adjusted to the dark.


The lifestyle is so very different it takes a while to adjust.

 Administer Yönetmek, idare etmek The country was administered by the British until very recently. The economy has been badly administered by the present government.

 Aggregate Toplam, toplamak They purchased an aggregate of 3000 shares in the company. Snowflakes are loose aggregates of ice crystals. Arsenal lost the second game, but got through to the final on aggregate ( adding together all their goals).


 Aid Yardım, vasıta, araç gereç

 Adult Yetişkin

An adult under Turkish law is someone over 18 years old. Adults pay an admission charge but children get in free.

 Advocate (Bir fikri, düşünceyi) savunmak

C

[+ ing form of verb] She advocates taking a more longterm view. He advocates the return of capital punishment.

He gets about with the aid of a walking stick. She went to the aid of a man trapped in his car. A woman in the street saw that he was in trouble and came to his aid. teaching aids, such as books and videos A thesaurus is a useful aid to writing. Turkey has agreed to donate $80,000 in humanitarian/emergency aid to Iraq affected by the war. About a fifth of the country's income is in the form of foreign/overseas aid.

 Albeit …masına rağmen

r.

 Affect Etkilemek

w

w

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D

Both buildings were badly affected by the fire. The divorce affected every aspect of her life. It's a disease which affects mainly older people. I was deeply affected by the film ( It caused strong feelings in me).

The evening was very pleasant, albeit a little quiet. He tried, albeit without success.

 Allocate Ayırmak, ödenek vermek, maletmek The government is allocating $10 million for health education. [+ two objects] As project leader, you will have to allocate people jobs/allocate jobs to people. It is not the job of the investigating committee to allocate blame for the disaster/to allocate blame to individuals.


 Analogy Benzerlik  Alter Değiştirmek, değişmek, (elbise) bedenini ayarlamak

 Alternative Alternatif, çare, yol

an alternative to coffee There must be an alternative to people sleeping on the streets. I'm afraid I have no alternative but to ask you to leave ( that is what I have to do).

C

 Ambiguous Karanlık, karışık, anlaşılmaz

D

r.

His reply to my question was somewhat ambiguous. The wording of the agreement is ambiguous. The government has been ambiguous on this issue.

w

w

 Amend (Kanunda, metinde) değişiklik yapmak

MPs were urged to amend the law to prevent another oil tanker disaster. In line 20, 'men' should be amended ( changed) to 'people'. Until the constitution is amended, the power to appoint ministers will remain with the president.

w

 Analyze Analiz etmek, incelemek


We've had to alter some of our plans. Although longdistance phone calls are going up, the charge for local calls will not alter. Giving up our car has radically altered our lifestyle. I took the coat back to the shop to have it altered.

He drew an analogy between the brain and a vast computer. It is sometimes easier to illustrate an abstract concept by analogy with ( by comparing it with) something concrete.

Researchers analyzed the purchases of 6300 households. Water samples taken from streams were analyzed for contamination by chemicals.

 Annual Yıllık

an annual event/visit/holiday annual income/salary/profit Companies publish annual reports to inform the public about the previous year's activities.

 Anticipate Beklemek

We don't anticipate any trouble. We had one or two difficulties along the way that we didn't anticipate. Are you anticipating a lot of people at the party tonight? [+ ing form of verb] They anticipate having several applicants for the job. [+ that] They anticipate that they will have several applicants for the job It's always best to anticipate a problem before it arises. [+ question word] At this stage we can't really anticipate what will happen. The anticipated inflation figure is lower than last month's. The army anticipated ( took action in preparation for) the explosion by evacuating the town.


 Apparent Apaçık, belirgin, anlaşılır, aşikar

NOTE: The opposite is depreciate.

 Approach Yaklaşmak We could just see the train approaching in the distance. If you look out of the window on the left of the bus, you'll see that we're now approaching the Galata Tower. I see it's approaching lunchtime, so let's take a break. In my opinion, no other composers even begin to approach ( come near in quality to) Mozart. The total amount raised so far is approaching ( almost) $1000. He's very active for a man approaching 80 ( who is almost 80 years old).


Her unhappiness was apparent to everyone. [+ that] It was becoming increasingly apparent that he could no longer look after himself. I was on the metro this morning when for no apparent reason the man opposite suddenly screamed. There are one or two apparent discrepancies between the two reports. She has this apparent innocence which, I suspect, she uses to her advantage.

The value of our house has appreciated by 50% in the last two years. Our house has appreciated (in value) by 50% in the last two years.

 Append (Bir metnin sonuna) ek yapmak

C

The author appends a short footnote to the text explaining the point.

 Appreciate Değerini bilmek/anlamak, değerlendirmek, müteşekkir olmak, değeri artmak

w

w

w

D

r.

There's no point buying him expensive wines he doesn't appreciate them. We appreciate the need for immediate action. [+ that] I appreciate that it's a difficult decision for you to make. [+ question word] I don't think you appreciate how much time I spent preparing this meal. I/We appreciate... used when you are thanking someone or showing that you are grateful: We really appreciate all the help you gave us last weekend. [+ ing form of verb] I appreciate your making the effort to come. I would appreciate it if you could let me know ( Please let me know) in advance whether or not you will be coming.

 Appropriate Uygun, doğru

appropriate footwear for the country Is this film appropriate for small children? I didn't think his comments were very appropriate at the time. Is this an appropriate occasion to discuss finance? Please complete the appropriate parts of this form ( the parts that are right or necessary for your particular situation) and return it as soon as possible. NOTE: The opposite is inappropriate.


 Approximate Yaklaşmak The newspaper reports of the discussion only roughly approximated to ( were not exactly the same as) what was actually said. Student numbers this year are expected to approximate 5000 ( to be about 5000).

 Assemble Toplamak, toplanmak: We assembled in the meeting room after lunch. to assemble data At the staff meeting, the manager told the assembled company ( everyone there) that no one would lose their job.


 Arbitrary Plansız, gelişigüzel, zorba, zorla

filmmaking. Have you thought about the problem from every aspect?

arbitrary decisionmaking What guided your choice of destination or was it arbitrary? an arbitrary ruler The company has been the subject of an arbitrary takeover.

 Area Alan, bölge

They had to account for all the money that had gone missing.

 Act on take action because of something like information received (bir şeyle hareket etmek)

The police were acting on a tip from an informer and caught the gang redhanded.

 Aim at target (hedef almak)

The magazine is aimed at teenagers.

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D

r.

C

All areas of the country will have some rain tonight. The area of New York to the south of Houston Street is known as Soho. Houses in the London area ( in and around London) are very expensive. He's an area manager ( is responsible for business in a particular part of the country or world) for a computer company. This is a very poor area ( part of the town, country or world). Dogs are not allowed in the children's play area.

 Account for explain (bir konuyu açıklamak, hesap vermek)

w

 Aspect Yön, taraf, açı Which aspects of the job do you most enjoy? His illness affects almost every aspect of his life. That's the most worrying aspect of the situation. Lighting is a vitally important aspect of

 Ask for provoke a negative reaction (aranmak, kaşınmak) You're asking for trouble.


 Back away retreat or go backwards (geri çekilmek)

 Be away be elsewhere; on holiday, etc. (olmamak)

The crowd backed away when the man pulled a knife.

She's away on business for three weeks.

 Back down retract or withdraw your position or proposal in an argument (geri adım atmak)

 Be down be depressed (depresyonda olmak) He's been down since his partner left him.


She refused to back down and was fired.

 Be down be reduced or less (azalmak, düşmek)

 Back out fail to keep an arrangement or promise (vazgeçmek)

The firm's profits are down by ten percent this quarter.

He backed out two days before the holiday so we gave the ticket to his sister.

 Be down with be ill (hasta olmak)

C

 Back up make a copy of computer data (bilgisayardaki belgeleri başka yere kopyalamak)

D

r.

You should always back up important files and documents so that you won't lose all your work if something goes wrong with the hardware.

Gul is down with some bug and is off work today.

 Be in be at home (evde olmak)

They are never in; I always get their answering machine.

w

 Back up support (desteklemek)

w

w

The rest of the staff backed her up when she complained about working conditions.

 Barge in enter a place and interrupt people rudely (bir yere dalmak) They barged into my office without knocking and started talking even though I was on the phone.

 Be in be submitted, arrive (verilmek, gelmek)

The application form must be in by 3pm on Friday.  Be off be bad (of food) (bozulmak) This yoghurt must be off; it smells foul.


 Be off depart, leave (gitmek)

 Be up have increased or risen (yükselmek, artmak)

I'm off home; it's five o'clock. The company's profits are up by fifteen percent.  Be on be functioning (of machines) (çalışmak)  Be up when the time for something finishes or expires (sona ermek) Time's up, please finish your drinks and leave.


The computer's on.

 Be on take place (oynamak)

The show is on for the next three months.

 Be up to be good enough (bir işi yapacak kadar iyi olmak)

 Be out be absent from a place (dışarıda olmak)

He's not up to the job; get someone else.

C

She's out on a visit for the day.

 Be out of have no more left (bir şeyi kalmamak, bitmek)

r.

We're out of coffee so I'll have to go and get some.

D

 Be taken aback be shocked or surprised (şok olmak, şaşırmak)

w

w

w

I was taken aback when I saw him because he's lost all his hair.

 Be up be out of bed (ayakta olmak) She's not up yet.

 Beef up make something stronger or more solid (güçlendirmek)

The company beefed up their case when they saw that the public wouldn't accept their first explanation of the accident.

 Blow down when the wind forces something to fall (yıkmak)

A tree was blown down in the storm.

 Blow out extinguish candles, matches, etc. (söndürmek) She blew the candles out on her birthday cake.


 Blow up explode (patlamak)

 Break down stop working (bozulmak)

The bomb blew up without any warning. My car's broken down, so I came by taxi.  Bog down make slow progress (yavaşlatmak) Joshua got bogged down in his research and didn't finish the project in time.

 Break in go into a building to steal something (hırsızlık için bir yere girmek)


The burglars broke in and stole the TV and video.

 Boil down to amount to (sonu ….. varmak) It all boils down to money at the end of the day.

 Break through pass a barrier or obstacle (yarıp geçmek)

The crowd broke through the police barriers and attacked the hunters.

 Book up reserve (rezerve etmek/olmak)

C

The flight's fully booked up; I'll have to go the following day.

D

r.

 Break away leave an organization, usually to form a new one (yeni oluşum için ayrılmak)

w

w

The SDP broke away from the Labor Party.

w

 Break down end negotiations unsuccessfully (başarısızlıkla sonuçlanmak) The talks between management and the unions broke down acrimoniously.

 Break up break into many pieces (kırılmak)

The plate broke up when he dropped it on the floor.

 Break up close an educational institution for the holidays (kapanmak)

Schools break up at the end of June for the summer holidays.

 Bring about make something happen (yapmak) The changes to the law were brought about by the government because so many people were ignoring the old one.


 Bring back cause someone to remember (tazelemek) Visiting my old school brought back memories of when I was a pupil there.

 Bring back return (geri getirmek)


He took the calculator home yesterday and hasn't brought it back yet.

 Bring down make a government fall (yıkmak)

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D

r.

C

The vote of noconfidence brought the government down.


Academic Vocabulary for KPDS & ÜDS Test – 1

1. Turkey has decided to donate $80,000 in humanitarian to Iraq affected by the war. B) alternative D) adaptation


A) adult C) aid E) access

2. The emergency to the building is at the back.

C

A) attempt C) aid E) adjacent

B) available D) access

3. Snowflakes are loose of ice crystals.

B) sections D) aggregates

w

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D

r.

A) aids C) tools E) means

4. The police when the man threatened to shoot his captive in the head. A) backed away C) beefed up E) beat up

B) backed up D) blared out


5. The latest measures the police have taken recently are combating crime.

10. The government is $10 million for oil exploration.

A) achieved with C) accounted for E) out of

A) achieving C) aiding E) allocating

B) aimed at D) along with

B) assigning D) altering

11. Are you home? It's five o'clock already.

A) accompanied C) accommodated E) barged

A) up to C) near E) away

B) on D) off


6. Earthquake victims were in temporary field tents. B) abandoned D) accumulated

12. She drew an between the brain and a vast computer.

7. The company's profits by fifty percent.

C

A) are up to B) are blacked out C) aided D) are up E) are blown down

B) analogy D) effect

13. The new taxes will additional two hundred thousand dollars a month into the government budget. A) break in C) beat in E) barge in

B) ask in D) bring in

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D

A) accumulated B) accommodated C) adapted D) achieved E) acknowledged

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r.

8. I've been working all day, but I feel as if I've nothing.

A) aid C) access E) alternative

9. I am sorry, but Dr. Smith is not in today. She's on business for two days. A) off C) up E) in

B) down D) away

14. The bomb in the suspicious box that was left in front of the building before the police could arrive in the area. A) booted up C) brought up E) broke down

B) blew up D) blazed away


15. The Prime Minister keeps the public that gas prices would not be increased anymore, but the following day they do.

19. The National Institute of Health is 19. $150 million for research into AIDS (Acquired Immunity Deficiency Syndrome).

A) assuring C) assessing E) assisting

A) achieving C) aiding E) allocating

B) amending D) appreciating

A) break in C) back in E) bring down

B) bring up D) boot up

C

17. Continuous revelations of economic mismanagement the previous government. A) bottled up C) blew up E) brought down

B) aided with D) broke in

A) adequate C) aggregated E) allocated

B) accurate D) ambiguous

21. Unless the constitution is , the power to appoint ministers will remain with the prime minister. A) abandoned C) accommodated E) amended

B) altered D) allocated

22. I don't believe the big oil companies want the scientists to discover new to our dependence on oil for heating and transportation. A) amendments C) analogies E) aggregates

B) alternatives D) aids

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D

r.

18. I think this is a rather place to discuss political issues. A) inaccessible B) unavailable C) inadequate D) inappropriate E) unambiguous

20. The wording of the contract between the employers and worker unions was .


16. At their annual meeting the G8 finance ministers didn't the issue concerning the latest changes in Russia’s oil sector.

B) assigning D) altering

23. The inflation figure is higher than last month's. A) advocated C) allocated E) altered

B) anticipated D) amended


24. My research assistant got in her research and didn't finish the project on time. A) branched out C) bogged down E) brought out

B) beaten up D) broken down

A) apparent C) unambiguous E) arbitrary

B) analogous D) appropriate

26. We have found a few discrepancies between the two medical reports.

C

B) apparent D) aggregate

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D

r.

27. The government intended to several changes to the civil laws of the country, but it had to given the enormous public protest and resistance.

w

A) beat up / bring up B) bring about / back down C) bring forward / ask out

w

28. The police the security around the country’s ports, as the terrorists have declared their intention to smuggle in biological weapons via marine transportation.


25. In a democratic and lawful society the government cannot adopt and enforce rules.

A) analogous C) appropriate E) alternative

D) bog down / branch out E) ask for / break away

A) blanked out C) beefed up E) backed down

B) aimed at D) backed away

29. Lately heavy rain has miserable conditions in most parts of Istanbul. A) aimed at C) backed up E) brought on

B) broken down D) beefed up

30. The talks over public employee salary scales between the government and the public employee unions acrimoniously. A) brought round C) bottled out E) blew up

B) broke down D) brought up


ACADEMIC VOCABULARY FOR KPDS & ÜDS 2

 Assess Değerlendirmek, değer biçmek

[+ (that)] I assumed (that) you knew each other because you went to the same school. Let's assume (that) they're coming and make plans on that basis. [+ to infinitive] We can't assume the suspects to be guilty simply because they've decided to remain silent. We mustn't assume the suspects' guilt.

C


The insurers will need to assess the flood damage. They assessed the cost of the flood damage at $1,500,000. Examinations are not the only means of assessing a student's ability. It's too early to assess the longterm consequences of the collapse of the Soviet Union. [+ question word] We need to assess whether the project is worth doing.

 Assume Farzetmek, kabul etmek

 Assign Görevlendirmek, (zaman, gün) beirlemek

The unions assured the new owners of the workers' loyalty to the company. [+ speech] "Don't worry, your car will be ready tomorrow, " the mechanic assured him. [+ (that)] She assured him (that) the car would be ready the next day. The Prime Minister assured the electorate (that) taxes would not be increased after the election. You can rest assured ( feel confident) that I shall be there as promised. The play's popularity has been assured by the critics' rave reviews.

w

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D

r.

[+ two objects] UN troops were assigned the task of rebuilding the hospital. [+ to infinitive] The case has been assigned to our most senior officer. Have you assigned a day for the interviews yet? Detectives have been unable to assign a motive for the murder. The report assigned the blame for the accident to inadequate safety regulations.

 Assure Temin etmek, sağlamak

w

 Assist Yardım etmek The army arrived to assist in the search. You will be expected to assist the editor with the selection of illustrations for the book.

 Attach Eklemek, bağlamak

I attached a photo to my application form. Use this cable to attach the printer to the computer. In Turkey, packets of cigarettes come with a government health warning attached to them ( on them). I attach ( am sending, usually with a letter) a copy of our latest report.


 Attain Ulaşmak, erişmek, elde etmek He has attained the highest grade in his music exams. We need to identify the best ways of attaining our objectives/goals. India attained independence in 1947, after decades of struggle.

r.

C

It's often very difficult to change people's attitudes. [+ that] She takes the attitude that children should be allowed to learn at their own pace. He has a very bad attitude to/towards work. He seems to have undergone a change in/of attitude recently, and has become much more cooperative. I don't like your attitude ( the way you are behaving). That boy has a real attitude problem ( behaves in a way that makes it difficult for other people to have a relationship with him or work with him).

D

 Attribute Yakıştırmak, açıklamak, atfetmek

w

w

I wouldn't dream of attributing such a lack of judgment to you. The doctors have attributed the cause of the illness to an unknown virus. To what do you attribute this delay? Most experts have attributed the drawing to Michelangelo.

w

He is the author of two books on Turkish history. She's the author of the company's recent success/of all our troubles. He has authored more than 30 books. The deal is being authored by a Turkish businessman.


 Attitude Tavır, davranış, pozisyon

 Author Yazar, yaratıcı, sahip, yazmak, oluşturmak

 Authority Otorite, yetki, ağırlık, uzman, yetkili, uzmanlık

The United Nations has used/exerted/exercised its authority to restore peace in the area. We need to get the support of someone in authority ( an important or highranking person). They've been acting illegally and without authority ( permission) from the council. [+ to infinitive] I'll give my lawyers authority ( permission) to act on my behalf. He's got no authority over ( ability to control) his students. She spoke with authority ( as if she was in control or had special knowledge). the health authority the housing authority He's a world authority on 19thcentury Ottoman history.

 Automate Otomatikleştirmek Massive investment is needed to automate the production process.


 Available Var, mevcut, hazır, elde edilebilir

The discovery of oil brought many benefits to the town. One of the many benefits of foreign travel is learning how to cope with the unexpected. He's had the benefit of an expensive education and yet he continues to work as a waiter. I didn't get/derive (much) benefit from school. With the benefit of hindsight ( Helped by the knowledge since learned) it is easy for us to see where we went wrong. She drinks a lot less now, to the benefit of ( resulting in an improvement in) her health as a whole.


Is this dress available in a larger size? Our autumn catalogue is now available from our usual stockists. There's no money available for an office party this year. It is vital that food is made available to the famine areas. [+ to infinitive] I'm afraid I'm not available to help with the show on the 19th. Every available officer will be assigned to the investigation. Do you have any double rooms available this weekend?

 Benefit Yarar, fayda, yarar sağlamak

 Aware Bilmek, farkında olmak, farketmek, duyarlı

C

[+ that] I wasn't even aware that he was ill. Were you aware of the risks at the time? She was well ( very) aware that he was married. "Has Claude paid the phone bill?" "Not as far as I'm aware." ( I don't think so) I suddenly became aware of ( started to notice) him looking at me. to be ecologically/politically aware

 Bias Taraftar yapmak/kılmak, ters etkilemek

The judge ruled that the information should be withheld on the grounds that it would bias the jury against ( influence them unfairly against) the accused.

r.

 Bond Birleştirmek, yakınlaşmak

D

 behalf Adına, yerine, yüzünden

w

w

w

On behalf of the entire company, I would like to thank you for all your work. Unfortunately, George cannot be with us today so I am pleased to accept this award on his behalf. Please don't leave on my behalf ( because of me).

The aim was to bond the group into a closelyknit team. The hospital gives mothers no quiet private time in which to bond with their babies.

 Brief Bilgi vermek, açıklama yapmak We had already been briefed about/on what the job would entail.


 Bulk beden, miktar, geniş, fazla, (bir şeyin) çoğu It was a document of surprising bulk.

·

in bulk ( in large amounts)


The office buys paper in bulk to keep down costs. In fact, the bulk of the book is taken up with criticizing other works.

 Capable Yetenekli, bir şeyi yapabilecek yeteneğe sahip olmak, ebilmek

D

r.

C

She's a very capable woman/worker/judge. We need to get an assistant who's capable and efficient. Only the Democratic Party is capable of running the country. A force 10 wind is capable of blowing the roofs off houses. When she's drunk she's capable of saying ( likely to say) awful, rude things. I think your plan is capable of being ( could be) improved.

w

 Capacity Kapasite, sayısı …. olan, yetenek, yeterlik, hacimli

w

The stadium has a seating capacity of 50 000. The game was watched by a capacity crowd/audience of 50,000 ( the place was completely full). She has a great capacity for hard work. The purchase of 500 tanks is part of a strategy to increase military capacity by 25% over the next five years. [+ to infinitive] It seems to be beyond his

w

capacity to ( He seems to be unable to) follow simple instructions. Do you think it's within his capacity to ( Do you think he'll be able to) do the job without making a mess of it? The generators each have a capacity of ( can produce) 1000 kilowatts. The larger cars have bigger capacity engines ( the engines are bigger and more powerful). All our factories are working at (full) capacity ( are producing goods as fast as possible). We are running below capacity ( not producing as many goods as we are able to) because of cancelled orders. He suffered a stroke in 1988, which left him unable to speak, but his mental capacity ( his ability to think and remember) wasn't affected.

 Category Kategori, tür, çeşit

There are three categories of accommodation standard, executive and deluxe.

 Cease Durmak, durdurmak, bitmek

Whether the protests will cease remains to be seen. The company has decided to cease all US operations after this year. [+ to infinitive] Workplace nurseries will cease to be liable for tax.


 Challenge Zorluk, test etmek, zorlamak, meydan okumak Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest challenges faced by scientists today. You know me I like a challenge. It's going to be a difficult job but I'm sure she'll rise to the challenge.

 Chemical Kimyasal madde The government has pledged to reduce the amount of chemicals used in food production. Each year, factories release millions of tons of toxic ( poisonous) chemicals into the atmosphere.

 Circumstances Şartlar, durum


 Channel Kanalize etmek, yönlendirmek, yatırmak

Ditches were constructed to channel water away from the buildings. If she could only channel all that energy into something useful. A lot of money has been channelled into research in that particular field.

C

 Chapter Bölüm, zaman dilimi, sayfa

D

r.

Read Chapter 10 before class tomorrow. The whole period leading up to the Kemalist revolution is an interesting chapter in Ottoman history. That chapter of my life closed when I had a serious riding accident.

I think she coped very well under the circumstances. Obviously we can't deal with the problem until we know all the circumstances. She died in suspicious circumstances. We oppose capital punishment in/under any circumstances. Under no circumstances should you ( You must not) approach the man. The meeting has been cancelled due to circumstances beyond our control. They were victims of circumstance. We were obliged to go by force of circumstance. Grants are available depending on your circumstances. By now she was alone and living in reduced circumstances ( with little money).

w

 Chart İzlemek, gözlemlemek, planlamak

w

w

We need some sort of graph on which we can chart our progress. The map charts the course of the river where it splits into two. A global study has just been started to chart the effects of climate change. The local branch of the party is meeting to chart their election campaign.

 Cite Vermek, duyurmak, gönderme yapmak

She cited three reasons why people get into debt. The company cited a 12% decline in new orders as evidence that overall demand for its products was falling. She cites both T.S. Eliot and Virginia Woolf in her article.


 Civil Sivil

 Code Kod, şifre, şifrelemek, kodlamak

Helicopters are mainly used for military rather than civil use. After ten years of military dictatorship, the country now has a civil government. We were marrıed in a civil ceremony at a municipal marriage palace.

 Coherent Tutarlı, anlaşılır


 Clarify Açıklamak, açıklığa kavuşturmak

The message was written in code. She managed to decipher/break/crack ( succeed in understanding) the code. The message was coded so that it could only be understood by the person who was meant to receive it.

Could you clarify the first point please? I don't understand it completely. The position of all shareholders will be clarified next month when we finalize our proposals.

 Classic Klasik, bilinen, tipik (bir olay)

 Coincide Aynı zamanda olmak/meydana gelmek, yakın olmak, benzemek

I timed my holiday to coincide with the children's school holiday. If the heavy rain had coincided with an extreme high tide, serious flooding would have resulted. Our views coincide on a range of subjects. If our schedules coincide, we'll go to Spain together.

r.

C

He's a classic example of a kid who's clever but lazy. He had all the classic symptoms of the disease. It's classic you arrive at the station on time and find that the train's left early.

When she calmed down, she was more coherent ( able to speak clearly and be understood).

D

 Clause (Kanun, kontrat, anlaşma) maddesi

w

w

w

They have added/deleted/amended a clause in the contract which says the company can make people redundant for economic reasons. Clause 4 of the constitution is thought to be the most important section.

 Collapse (Yere) yıkılmak, çökmek, katlanmak

Thousands of buildings collapsed in the earthquake. The chair collapsed under her weight. He thought his whole world had collapsed when his wife died. He collapsed and died of a heart attack. All chairs collapse for easy storage.


 Colleague İş arkadaşı, meslektaş

I think I can come but I won't commit myself till I know for sure.

We're entertaining some colleagues of Ben's tonight.  Commodity Mal  Commence Başlamak


We will commence building work in August of next year. Shall we let the meeting commence, gentlemen? [+ ing form of verb] Unfortunately, he commenced speaking before all the guests had finished eating.

 Comment Yorum yapmak, söz söylemek, yorumda bulunmak

C

My mom always comments on what I'm wearing. [+ that] He commented that the two essays were rather similar. The official refused to/declined to comment on the matter.

r.

 Commission Görevlendirmek, iş vermek, başlatmak

D

The country's most valuable commodities include tin and diamonds. the international commodities market

w

w

The newspaper commissioned a series of articles on the worst excesses of the fashion industry.

w

 Commit Bağlanmak, adamak, söz vermek Like so many men, he has problems committing himself to a relationship. The government must commit itself to improving health care. Once we have committed to this course of action there is no going back.

 Communicate İletişim kurmak, irtibat kurmak, söylemek, iletmek, (odalar) birbirine açılmak / bağlanmak)

We can now communicate instantly with people on the other side of the world. Unable to speak a word of the language, he communicated with ( using) his hands. Has the news been communicated to the staff yet? As an actor he could communicate a whole range of emotions. I find I just can't communicate with her. The bedroom communicates with both toilet and hall.

 Community (belli bir grup) insan, topluluk, toplum

He's wellknown in the local community. There's a large black/white/Jewish community living in this area. Her speech caused outrage among the community. Drug trafficking is a matter of considerable concern for the entire international community ( all the countries of the world). There's a real sense of community ( caring and friendly feeling) in this neighborhood.


 Compatible Uygun

a complex molecule/carbohydrate a complex network of roads a complex procedure The company has a complex organizational structure. It's a very complex issue to which there is no straightforward answer. The film's plot was so complex that I couldn't follow it.


It was when we started living together that we found we just weren't compatible. This software may not be compatible with older operating systems. Such policies are not compatible with democratic government. Are their two blood groups compatible ( can blood from one person be given to the other person)?

 Complex Karmaşık, karışık, çok yönlü, anlaşılması zor, içinden çıkılmaz

 Compensate Ödeme yapmak, tazminat ödemek, ücret ödemek, yerine geçmek, yerini almak

C

Victims of the crash will be compensated for their injuries. Nothing will ever compensate for his lost childhood. His enthusiasm more than compensates for his lack of experience. I took her swimming to compensate for having missed out on the cinema. We were late and I was driving fast to compensate.

 Component Parça, bölüm, unsur

television/aircraft/computer components The factory supplies electrical components for cars. The course has four main components: business law, finance, computing and management skills. Fresh fruit and vegetables are an essential component of a healthy diet. The control of inflation is a key component of the government's economic policy.

r.

 Compile Derlemek, toplamak

w

D

We're compiling some facts and figures for a documentary on the subject.

 Compound Karıştırmak

Most tires are made of rubber compounded with other chemicals and materials.

w

 Complement Tamamlamak, uygun olmak

w

Strawberries and cream complement each other perfectly. The music complements her voice perfectly.

 Comprehensive Ayrıntılı, detaylı, bütünsel, çok yönlü We offer you a comprehensive training in all aspects of the business. Is this list comprehensive or are there some names missing? He has written a fully comprehensive guide to KPDS test.


 Comprise Oluşmak, meydana gelmek, kapsamak The course comprises a class book, a practice book and an audio tape. The class is comprised mainly of medical and law students. Law students comprise 60% of the class.

 Bring up mention (bahsetmek) They didn't bring the subject up at the meeting.

 Bring up raise a child (büyütmek) My parents brought me up strictly.


 Compute Hesaplamak Compute the ratio of the object's height to its weight!

 Bring forward make something happen earlier than originally planned (öne almak)

C

The meeting has been brought forward to this Friday instead of next week because some people couldn't make it then.

 Brush up improve a skill quickly (geliştirmek)

She took a twoweek course to brush up her Spanish before she traveled around South and Central America.

 Bump into meet by chance (rastlamak)

I bumped into Helen on the underground the other day.

 Bring in earn (kazandırmak)

D

r.

The job brings in two thousand dollars a month.

w

 Bring on cause something to happen or speed up the process (sebep olmak)

w

w

Getting wet in the rain yesterday brought on my cold.

 Bring round make someone wake up from unconsciousness or an anaesthetic (ayıltmak) The doctors brought him round a few hours after the operation.

 Burn down burn completely (yanıp kül olmak)

They had to completely rebuild the museum after the old one burned down.

 Burn out lose enthusiasm and energy to continue in a demanding job (tükenmek) Jennie burnt out after ten years working as a futures broker and went to live in the country.


 Burst into catch fire very quickly (içinde kalmak) The car burst into flames and the driver died as he didn't have time to get out.

 Burst into laugh, cry or clap loudly (başlamak)

We had to call in a plumber because the sink was leaking and I had no idea how to fix it.

 Call off cancel (iptal etmek) The concert had to be called off because the singer went down with a bad case of flu.


She burst into laughter when she heard the joke.

 Call in get someone to come and do a job (çağırmak)

 Call after name someone after somebody else (adını vermek) She was called Rose after her late grandmother.

 Call on ask for help (çağrı yapmak)

The President called on the wealthy countries for financial aid after the floods destroyed much of the country's agriculture.

C

 Call for demand (talep etmek, istemek) The opposition party called for the Minister's resignation after the scandal broke.

 Call up summon someone for military service (askere çağırmak)

The army called up the reserve soldiers when the war broke out.

D

r.

 Call for go and collect someone to take them out (uğramak)

I called him up as soon as I got to a phone to tell him the news.

w

w

w

I'll call for you at seven, so be ready because the film starts at half past.

 Call up phone (telefon etmek)

 Call for require (gerektirmek) An emergency like this calls for some pretty drastic action.

 Calm down stop being angry or emotionally excited (sakinleşmek) When I lose my temper, it takes ages for me to calm down again.


 Carry on continue (devam etmek) Carry on quietly with your work until the substitute teacher arrives.

 Carry out perform a task (yapmak)

 Catch up get work, etc, up to date. (yetiştirmek)

I was ill for a fortnight and now I've got to catch up on the work I missed.

C

 Charge with accuse somebody of a crime (suçlamak)

She was arrested in customs last night and has been charged with smuggling.

r.

 Check in register on arriving at a hotel or at the airport (giriş yapmak)

D

She checked out and took a cab to the airport.

 Check out of settle up and pay before leaving a hotel (ayrılmak) Guests have to check out of the hotel before midday.


The government is carrying out test on growing genetically modified crops.

 Check out pay the bill when leaving a hotel (otelden ayrılmak)

 Cheer up be less unhappy (yüzü gülmek)

Come on, cheer up; it isn't all bad, you know.

 Clear up the end of an infection (iyileşmek)

I took the antihistamines and the rash cleared up right away.

 Clear up tidy up (temizlemek)

I'd better clear up the mess before leave.

w

w

They checked in at the Ritz yesterday.

w

 Check into register on arriving at a hotel or at the airport (kayıt yaptırmak) They checked into the Ritz yesterday.

 Close down close a business permanently (tamamen kapatmak) The firm closed down during the recession because it couldn't compete with the cutprice imports pouring in.


 Come across find by accident (rastlamak)

w

w

w

D

r.

C


I came across my old school reports when I was clearing out my desk.



1. This picture the path of a blood vessel where it splits from the main artery. B) conducts D) confines


A) charts C) confers E) conceives

2. I closely looked to see whether his theories and arguments were within the general flow of his writing.

w

w

w

D

r.

C

A) considerable C) coherent E) contemporary

B) concurrent D) constant

3. An acceptable level of stability and security in Iraq a more multinational effort than the desperate US moves. A) comes into use B) brings up C) catches up D) calls for E) comes apart

4. The concert had to be because the singer went down with a bad case of flu. A) come off C) burned out E) cleaned up

B) called off D) clouded over


5. It is hard to the repercussions of the continuous US seignorage on the worldwide financial crises and corruption. A) exceed C) facilitate E) evaluate

B) export D) fluctuate

A) gloss over C) get behind with E) go out

B) go off D) get down

7. Do you think I will be able to achieve my of getting at least 90 in the forthcoming KPDS test? B) error D) final

C

A) factor C) goal E) formula

D

r.

8. The new natural gas power plant is designed to enough electricity for 10,000 households. B) evaluate D) generate

w

A) highlight C) focus E) implement

w

w

9. It usually takes 10 days for one to the flu. A) get over C) get at E) go into

A) imposing C) establishing E) extracting

B) inclining D) implementing

11. The IMF study the country’s macroeconomic conditions during the last decade.


6. We cannot the minority issues mentioned in the EU’s progress report on Turkey.

10. The EU Commission seems to be towards starting accession talks with Turkey in 2005.

B) fix up D) give out

A) focuses on C) gets back E) goes down

B) fits in D) gives in

12. The changes to the national education system will be beginning from the next school year. A) implicated C) implemented E) founded

B) evaluated D) implied

13. The latest geological reports the urgent need for the government to take immediate measures to prevent enormous loss of life and property in case of a unexpected earthquake in Istanbul. A) estimate C) exclude E) impose

B) highlight D) impact

14. He has many hardships in his short life. A) gone through C) gotten round to E) gone down

B) fleshed out D) given up


15. Very high taxes have recently been on tobacco products. A) imposed C) granted E) illustrated

B) implicated D) guaranteed

A) induce C) exceed E) fluctuate

B) found D) indicate

17. If you some of her early writing with her later work, you can see just how much she improved. B) couple D) distribute

18. The weight of the box was beyond the of the little boy to lift.

r.

B) component D) challenge

w

D

A) commodity C) capacity E) complex

w

w

19. The of the projects he worked on concerned the latest developments in stemcell research. A) bulk C) category E) complex

B) conflicts D) comments

21. A force 10 wind is of blowing the roofs off houses. A) capable C) complement E) concurrent

B) compatible D) comprehensive

22. In his research article he most wellknown authors on the subject. A) clarifies C) communicates E) comprises

B) coincides D) cites

C

A) convert C) eliminate E) contrast

A) circumstances C) concepts E) challenges


16. Recent explorations large reserves of oil below the eastern Black Sea.

20. Finding a solution to this problem is one of the greatest faced by scientists today.

B) capacity D) compound

23. There was a big over the use of drugs in athletics. A) decade C) controversy E) duration

B) derivation D) disposal

24. The heavy snow has blocked many roads and a number of villages. A) drawn up C) dug into E) come to

B) cut off D) copped out


25. The money I've saved roughly to the amount I need for my payment. A) dominates C) enables E) eliminates

B) convenes D) corresponds

30. Before purchasing any electrical device make sure that it to the official safety standards. A) confirms C) conceives E) compiles

B) conforms D) confers

A) cooled down C) dwelled on E) died down


26. It was on the front pages of all the papers for a few days, but the interest gradually . B) counted in D) eked out

27. Her work has been to the project's success.

B) empirical D) controversial

C

A) crucial C) definite E) discreet

28. These measures are to reduce pollution.

r.

B) designed D) emerged

D

A) defined C) disposed E) emphasized

w

A) clarify C) collapse E) contradict

w

w

29. The latest findings seem to the wellknown theories widely accepted so far. B) channel D) conduct


ACADEMIC VOCABULARY FOR KPDS&ÜDS – 3

 Conceive Sanmak, algılamak, düşünmek, tahayyül etmek

C

 Concentrate Odaklanmak, kendini vermek, konsantre olmak

w

D

r.

Come on, concentrate! We don’t have all day to do this. I can't concentrate on my work with all that noise. I find running concentrates the mind ( helps me to think). I'm going to concentrate on my writing for a while. The company is concentrating (its resources) on developing new products.

w

 Concept Kavram, fikir, düşünce The very concept of free speech is unknown to them. It is very difficult to define the concept of beauty. I failed to grasp the film's central concept. Kleenbrite is a whole new concept in toothpaste!

w

She concluded the speech by reminding us of our responsibility. Before I conclude, I'd like to thank you all for coming. The concert concluded with a rousing chorus. [+ that] The jury concluded from the evidence that the defendant was innocent. We talked late into the night, but nothing was concluded.


I think my uncle still conceives of me as a fouryearold. He couldn't conceive of a time when he would have no job. [+ question word] I can't conceive ( It is too shocking to imagine) how anyone could behave so cruelly. [+ that] I find it hard to conceive ( It is too shocking to imagine) that people are still treated so badly.

 Conclude Bitirmek, sonuçlamdırmak, bitmek, sona ermek, sonuca varmak

 Concurrent Eşzamanlı

The judge imposed concurrent sentences totalling 14 years for the attacks on the girls.

 Conduct Yapmak, geçirmek

We are conducting a survey to find out what our customers think of their local bus service. The experiments were conducted by scientists in New York. How you choose to conduct your private life is your own business!


 Confer Konuşmak, müzakere etmek, ünvan vermek I should like some time to confer with my lawyer. to give an official title, honour, or advantage to someone: An honorary doctorate was conferred on him by Harvard University.

 Conflict Çatışmak, ters düşmek The results of the new research would seem to conflict with existing theories. If the two sides conflict with each other again, it will be disastrous for party unity.

 Conform Uymak At our school, you were required to conform, and there was no place for originality. Before buying a pram, make sure that it conforms to the official safety standards. Members must conform to a strict dress code.


 Confine Sınırlamak, sınırlandırmak, tutsak yapmak

C

Let's confine our discussion to the matter in question, please! Please confine your use of the telephone to business calls. By closing the infected farms we're hoping to confine the disease to the north of the region ( stop it from spreading to other areas). The hostages had been confined for so long that they couldn't cope with the outside world.

 Consent Razı olmak, izin vermek

[+ to infinitive] Very reluctantly, I've consented to lend her my car. My aunt never married because her father wouldn't consent to her marriage.

 Confirm Onaylamak, teyid etmek, doğrulamak

 Consequent Nihai, sonuç olarak ortaya çıkan

Our use of harmful chemicals and the consequent damage to the environment is a very serious matter.

w

w

w

D

r.

[+ that] Six people have confirmed that they will be attending and ten haven't replied yet. Flights should be confirmed 48 hours before departure. I've accepted the job over the phone, but I haven't confirmed in writing yet. [+ question word] The smell of cigarette smoke confirmed what he had suspected: there had been a party in his absence. [+ (that)] His announcement confirmed (that) he would be resigning as Prime Minister. The leader's speech was impressive and confirmed his faith in the party.

 Considerable Büyük, fazla: The fire caused considerable damage to the church.


 Consist Meydana gelmek, oluşmak

If the symptoms get worse, consult your doctor. I'm not quite sure how to get there I'd better consult a map. Why didn't you consult me about this? This afternoon the Prime Minister was consulting with his advisors and we are expecting an announcement shortly.


The team consists of four Europeans and two Americans. It's a simple dish to prepare, consisting mainly of rice and vegetables. The beauty of air travel consists in its speed and ease. [+ ing form of verb] For her, happiness consists in watching television and reading magazines.

 Consult Danışmak, akıl almak

 Consume Tüketmek, kullanmak, bitip tükenmek

 Constant Değişmeyen, sürekli, aynı We've kept up a fairly constant speed. The fridge keeps food at a constant temperature.

Our high living standards cause our present population to consume 25 percent of the world's oil. He consumes vast quantities of chips with every meal. He was consumed with jealousy. As a teenager, I was consumed by passion for the girl next door.

C

 Constitute Oluşturmak

Women constitute about 10% of Parliament. The under18s constitute nearly 25% of the town's population.

D

r.

 Constrain Kısıtlamak, sınırlamak

I tried to contact him at his office, but he wasn't in. You can contact me at ( speak to me by phoning) 388 9146. Unless the money is returned, we shall shortly be contacting our legal department.

w

w

The country's progress was constrained by a leader who refused to look forward.

 Contact İrtibat kurmak, iletişim kurmak

w

 Construct İnşa etmek, yapmak to construct a new bridge/building The walls are constructed of concrete. to construct a story/sentence/argument

 Contemporary Günümüz, çağdaş, modern, aynı döneme ait, dönemindeki, yaşıt contemporary music/literature/art/fashion Although it was written hundreds of years ago, it still has a contemporary ( modern) feel to it. Almost all of the contemporary accounts of the event have been lost.


Most of the writers he was contemporary with were interested in the same subjects. Was he a contemporary of Shakespeare's? She didn't mix with her contemporaries, preferring the company of older people.

 Context Konu, kapsam, kontekst, durum, arkaplan

a contrary point of view Contrary to all our expectations, he's found a wellpaid job and a nice girlfriend.

 Contrast Kıyaslamak, yan yana koymak, birbirinden farklı olmak If you contrast some of her early writing with her later work, you can see just how much she improved. The styles of the two film makers contrast quite dramatically. The sharpness of the lemons contrasts with the sweetness of the honey.


It is important to see all the fighting and bloodshed in his plays in historical context. This small battle is very important in the context of Scottish history. In this exercise, a word is blanked out and you have to guess what it is by looking at the context.

 Contrary Ters, tersine, karşı

 Contribute Katkıda bulunmak, makale yazmak

C

 Contract Kontrat/anlaşma/sözleşme yapmak

They have just contracted our company to build shelters for the homeless.

D

r.

 Contradict Çelişmek, karşı çıkmak

Smoking certainly contributed to his early death. Aren't you going to contribute towards Jack's leaving present? Come to the meeting if you feel you have something to contribute. Her family have contributed $50, 000 to the fund. She contributes to several magazines.

w

w

w

If you're both going to lie, at least stick to the same story and don't contradict each other! He kept contradicting himself when we were arguing I think he was a bit confused. How dare you contradict (me)! Recent evidence has tended to contradict established theories on this subject.

 Controversy Anlaşmazlık, tartışma

There was a big controversy surrounding/over the use of drugs in athletics. The policy has caused fierce/heated controversy ever since it was introduced.


 Convene Toplamak, toplanmak The Prime Minister convened (a meeting of) his ministers to discuss the matter. The council will be convening on the morning of the 25th.

 Cooperate İşbirliği yapmak, yardımcı olmak I find it very hard to dress my twoyearold when she refuses to cooperate. The two companies have cooperated in joint ventures for the past several years. The Spanish authorities cooperated with the British police in finding the terrorists.

 Converse Karşı, tam tersi  Coordinate Koordine etmek


a converse effect/opinion/argument In the US, you drive on the right hand side of the road, but in Britain the converse applies. However, the converse of this theory may also be true.

 Convert Değiştirmek, dinini değiştirmek

 Core Çekirdeğini çıkarmak

Peel and core the pears before cooking them.

r.

C

Could we convert the small bedroom into a second bathroom? What's the formula for converting pounds into kilos? He converted to ( starting believing in) Catholicism when he got married. I used not to like exercise, but my sister has converted me (to it).

We need someone to coordinate the whole campaign. A number of charities are coordinating their efforts to distribute food to the region.

 Corporate Büyük bir şirkete ait, şirket

corporate finance a corporate merger corporate executives

D

 Convince İkna etmek

w

w

w

He managed to convince the jury of his innocence. [+ (that)] It's useless trying to convince her (that) she doesn't need to lose any weight. [+ to infinitive] I hope this will convince you to change your mind.

 Correspond Tekabül etmek, yaklaşmak, karşılık gelmek, uygun olmak

The money I've saved corresponds roughly to the amount I need for my course. The American FBI corresponds to the British MI5. His story of what happened that night didn't correspond with the witness's version.


 Couple Birleştirmek, birarada olmak The sleeping car and restaurant car were coupled together. High inflation coupled with low output spells disaster for the Government in the election.

 Culture Kültür youth/workingclass culture She's studying modern Japanese language and culture.

 Currency Para, para birimi foreign currency


 Create Yapmak, yaratmak Charles Schulz created the characters 'Snoopy' and 'Charlie Brown'. He created a wonderful meal from very few ingredients. It's important to create a good impression when you meet a new client.

 Credit İnanmak

C

He even tried to pretend he was a film star's son can you credit it? It was hard to credit some of the stories we heard about her.

r.

 Criteria Kriterler

w

D

The Health Service should not be judged by financial criteria alone.

w

 Crucial Çok önemli, gerekli, elzem

w

a crucial decision/question Her work has been crucial to the project's success. [+ that] It is crucial that the problem is tackled immediately.

 Cycle Dönmek, döndürmek, bisiklet sürmek

to ride a bicycle We did a lot of cycling in France last year.

 Data Bilgi, veri

The data was/were collected by various researchers. Now the data is being transferred from magnetic tape to hard disk.

 Debate Tartışmak, karar vermeye çalışmak

In Parliament today, MPs debated the Budget. They had been debating for several hours without reaching a conclusion. [+ question word] The authorities debated whether to build a new car park. [+ question word] We debated whether to take the earlier train. I'm still debating what color to paint the walls.  Decade On yıl, on yıllık dönem th

The final decade of the 20 century Over the last decade


 Decline Reddetmek, kabul etmemek, azalmak

 Deduce Çıkarımda bulunmak

We cannot deduce very much from these figures. [+ that] The police have deduced that he must have left his apartment yesterday evening.

C

 Define Tanımlamak, açıklamak

r.

In the dictionary 'reality' is defined as 'the state of things as they are, rather than as they are imagined to be'. Before I answer your question, could you define your terms a little more ( explain what you mean by the words you have used)? Your rights and responsibilities are defined in the Constitution. Your role in the project will be strictly defined ( limited to particular areas). I'd hate to feel that I was defined by ( that my life got its meaning and importance only from) my job.

w

w

w

D

 Demonstrate Göstermek, açıklamak These figures clearly demonstrate the size of the economic problem facing the country. [+ that] Research has demonstrated that babies can recognize their mother's voice very soon after birth. These problems demonstrate the importance of strategic planning. He's got a job demonstrating kitchen equipment in a department store. [+ question word] The teacher demonstrated how to use the equipment.


I invited him to the meeting but he declined. He declined my offer. [+ to infinitive] They declined to tell me how they had got my address. His interest in the project declined after his wife died. The party's popularity has declined in the opinion polls.

"Are you sure I'm invited too?" "Yes, Roger was quite definite about it on the phone." There's been a definite improvement in your English since you bought that book.

 Definite Belli, kesin, belirgin The date for the meeting is now definite: 5th March. She has very definite opinions. We need a definite answer by tomorrow.

 Denote Temsil etmek

The color red is used to denote passion or danger.

 Deny Reddetmek, kabul etmemek, mahrum etmek

Her request for time off work was denied. No one should be denied a good education./A good education should be denied to no one. [+ two objects] The goalkeeper denied him his third goal. I was denied the opportunity of learning French at school.


 Depress Depresyona sokmak, bunaltmak This weather depresses me. [+ ing form of verb] Doesn't it depress you listening to the news these days? [+ to infinitive] It depresses me to think that I'll probably still be doing exactly the same job in ten years' time.

 Detect Farketmek, ortaya çıkarmak, bulmak Some sounds cannot be detected by the human ear. Financial experts have detected signs that the economy is beginning to improve. High levels of lead were detected in the atmosphere. Radar equipment is used to detect ( find the position of) enemy aircraft.


 Derive Almak, elde etmek

The institute derives all its money from foreign investments. She derives great pleasure/satisfaction from playing the violin.

 Take on employ (işe almak)

The council has had to take on twenty extra employees to handle their increased workload.

 Design Tasarlamak, düşünmek

r.

C

Who designed this building/dress/furniture? This range of clothing is specially designed for shorter women. This book is designed for advanced learners of English. [+ to infinitive] These measures are designed to reduce pollution.

D

 Despite rağmen

w

w

w

I still enjoyed the week despite the weather. Despite repeated assurances that the product is safe, many people have stopped buying it. [+ ing form of verb] He managed to eat a big lunch despite having eaten an enormous breakfast.

 Take out borrow a library book (kütüphaneden almak)

I took out all the books I needed for my essay from the library.

 Take out borrow money from a bank or other official lender (borç almak)

Jackie and Anil took out a mortgage to buy a bigger flat.

 Take out extract or remove (çıkarmak) The dentist took out all of my wisdom teeth before they started causing any problems.


 Take out go out socially with someone, especially a date (çıkmak) He took her out to a restaurant last Friday night.

 Take out obtain insurance (almak)

 Take over assume control of a company or organization (kontrolü almak)

C

The bank was taken over by a Hong Kong bank that needed to buy a bank to get into the British market.  Take to make a habit of something (başlamak)

r.

He's taken to wearing a baseball cap since his hair started thinning more noticeably.

D

He took up squash as he felt he had to lose some weight.

 Talk into persuade someone to do something (ikna etmek) She didn't want to let me go, but I finally managed to talk her into it.


I took out some health insurance before I went backpacking around Latin America.

 Take up start a new hobby, pastime, etc. (hobi olarak başlamak)

w

 Take up fill or occupy time or space (almak)

 Talk out of persuade someone not to do something (vazgeçirmek)

He was going to drive home after drinking half a bottle of wine, but his friends talked him out of it.  Tear apart disturb or upset greatly (yıkmak, iç parçalamak)

People were torn apart when news of the train crash came through.

 Tear down demolish (yıkmak)

The estate was torn down so that they could develop the land into luxury flats.

w

w

An awful lot of my time at work is taken up with pointless bureaucracy nowadays.

 Take up make clothes shorter (kısaltmak) The trousers were too long so I took them up to make them fit.

 Tear off remove part of a form or letter using your hands and not scissors (koparmak) She tore the slip off the bottom of the form and sent it with her check.


 Tear up rip into pieces (yırtmak) He tore the fax up and threw the bits of paper in the bin.

 Throw out get rid of (atmak) I threw out all my old clothes to make some space in my wardrobe.

 Throw up vomit (kusmak)  Tell apart see a difference between two things (ayırmak)

The prawns she ate at lunch made her throw up and she had to go home early.


They're identical twins so I cannot tell them apart.

 Tell off chide; talk angrily to someone about something they've done wrong (azarlamak)

 Tide over use something carefully so as not to finish it (yetmek)

This $50 will have to tide me over until I get paid.

His fiancé told him off for arriving nearly an hour late.

C

 Think over consider something carefully (dikkatlice düşünmek)

I've thought it over and have made up my mind; I'm going to take the job in Leeds.

D

r.

 Think through consider all the possibilities and outcomes of a situation (etraflıca düşünmek)

 Tidy up put things in the correct place in a room (düzeltmek)

I tidied up my bedroom because it was a complete mess.

 Tire of get bored of something (sıkılmak)

She soon tired of the course and dropped out.

w

w

w

The plan fell through because they hadn't thought it through properly.

 Throw away discard something when no longer needed (atmak) I threw the alarm clock away because it had stopped working.

 Tone down make something sound more moderate (alttan almak) The Minister tried to tone down what she had said when the press started attacking her.


 Top off finish something in a special way (üstüne üstlük) He complained for an hour and to top it off started shouting his head off.

 Top up refill something that isn't empty yet (eklemek)

 Track down find after a long search (arayıp bulmak)

It took me ages to track them down in the crowd at the football game.

C

 Trade in exchange something old as part of the price of something new (eski verip yeni almak)

r.

She traded in her old car for the new model.

 Trade off bargain, make a deal or compromise

D

Scientists are trying out a new drug in the fight against the disease.

 Turn against stop liking and start disliking (karşısına geçmek) The public turned against the government when they became arrogant and ceased to listen.


Shall I top up your drink while I'm pouring myself one?

 Try out test (denemek)

w

w

w

A longer working week was traded off for a pay rise.

 Try on put clothes on to see if they fit (denemek) I tried the jacket on before I bought it.

 Turn away not allow someone to enter a place (geri çevirmek)

The doorman turned him away from the nightclub because he was wearing trainers.

 Turn down reduce volume, temperature, etc. (sesini kısmak)

The room was too hot, so she turned the heating down.

 Turn down reject an offer, invitation, etc. (reddetmek)

They offered her the job, but she turned it down.

 Turn in go to bed (yatmak) I turned in at half past eleven because I had an early start the next morning.


 Turn into become (haline gelmek) Tadpoles turn into frogs.

 Turn on start a machine (çalıştırmak)

 Turn out produce (üretmek)

The factory turns out three thousand units a day.

C

 Turn out produce an unexpected result (sonu …. ile bitmek)

It looked as if we were going to fail, but it turned out well in the end.

r.

 Turn out stop a light (söndürmek)

She turned out the lights and went to bed.

w

D

I turned the music up full blast.

 Type up type a finished version (yazıp bitirmek) She typed up her lecture notes and printed them out.


I turned the radio on to get the weather forecast.

 Turn up increase volume, temperature, etc. (sesini açmak)

w

 Turn to try to get help (yardım almak)

w

She had nobody to turn to when her husband died.

 Turn up appear (gelmek) She didn't turn up for class today.

 Wake up stop sleeping (uyanmak)

I woke up at half past six this morning.

 Walk on continue walking (yoluna devam etmek)

I saw the accident but just walked on as I didn't want to have to give a statement.

 Want out want to leave a relationship or arrangement (bitmesini istemek)

Jackie wanted out of her marriage.

 Warm up do exercises before a sport (ısınmak) The team warmed up half an hour before the volleyball match.


 Wash away when floods or waves completely remove a structure, building, etc. (alıp götürmek)

 Wear down make something weaker (yormak) The stress of my job is wearing me down.

The ice cream stall on the beach was washed away in the storm last night.  Wear off stop having an effect (etkisini kaybetmek) The anesthetic wore off and my tooth started hurting.


 Wash up clean everything used to prepare food and eat it (temizlik yapmak) The children washed up after lunch.

 Wear out use something until it stops working (işe yaramaz hale getirmek)

 Watch over keep an eye on something or someone to check that there's no trouble (takip etmek)

C

The lecturer watched over the students as they did the experiment.

She played the video so many times that she wore the tape out.

 Wind down relax (dinlenmek)

I'm going to wind down in the country this weekend and do nothing.

 Water down make something weaker and less effective (sulandırmak)

 Wind up close a company because it's unprofitable (kepenk kapamak)

The company was wound up when the creditors demanded payment.

w

D

r.

The Freedom of Information Act was watered down by the Government and didn't give ordinary people much access to official data files

w

w

 Wear away erode, remove gradually (eskimek, aşınıp kaybolmak) The lawn has been worn away by people walking across it and it's just bare soil now with hardly a blade of grass.

 Wire up make electrical connections (kurmak) She wired her new stereo system up as soon as she got home.


 Wise up stop being stupid (aklını başına almak) His supervisor told him to wise up and start following the rules or else he'd lose his job.

 Work off exercise to remove stress or weight (atmak)

 Work on improve or develop (geliştirmek, üzerinde çalışmak) Scientists are working on genetically modified crops and foods.

C

 Work out end nicely (iyi bir şekilde bitmek)

Things were going wrong for them but fortunately it all worked out in the end.

r.

 Work out find the answer or solution (cevap/çözüm bulmak)

D

I wrote her mobile number down on a scrap of paper and I've lost it.

 Write off destroy a car in an accident (hurda haline getirmek) He wrote the car off in an accident on the motorway.


She goes to the gym to work off her anger.

 Write down make notes (not almak)

w

w

I couldn't work out all the answers to the crossword puzzle.

w

 Wrap up cover in paper (sarmak, paketlemek) They wrapped up the presents then put a ribbon around them.

 Yield to surrender (teslim olmak)

I tried hard to resist, but in the end I yielded to temptation and ate it all.



1. His scheme fell because he hadn't thought it properly.


A) through / through B) down / over C) apart / about D) in / out E) over / of

2. Smoking certainly to his early death. B) created D) declined

C

A) contributed C) credited E) emerged

w

w

w

D

r.

3. My mouth was numb after the injection of the anesthetic at the dentist, but I felt an excruciating pain when the numbness started to . A) water down C) turn out E) wear off

B) wear out D) turn up

4. There was a big over the use of drugs in athletics. A) decade C) controversy E) duration

B) derivation D) disposal


5. His whereabouts were unknown but the police finally him down at his uncle's house in Kars. A) tracked C) threw E) wore

B) trace D) tired

A) dominates C) enables E) eliminates

B) convenes D) corresponds

7. They told the children a version of what had happened. B) triedon D) wornoff

C

A) tornapart C) watereddown E) torndown

A) washed up B) warmed up C) turned up D) watched over E) tore apart


6. The money I've saved roughly to the amount I need for my credit card payments.

10. The father who reluctantly had to consent to the marriage of his daughter to a man with criminal background drunk at their wedding.

11. The two train accidents have brought about public outrage. A) compatible C) constant E) concurrent

B) coherent D) contemporary

12. Doğan Media Group is trying to all of the wellknown newspapers and magazines in order to establish a monopoly over the media outlets in Turkey. A) take out C) take to E) take over

B) take in D) take up

B) empirical D) controversial

w

w

D

A) crucial C) definite E) discreet

r.

8. Her work has been to the project's success.

w

9. We cannot very much from these figures. A) enhance C) credit E) equate

B) deduce D) encounter

13. By shutting down the main and secondary access roads the local administration is hoping to the deadly disease to this small village. A) conform C) consist E) constitute

B) conclude D) confine


14. They resemble each other so much that I cannot them apart in this photograph.

18. It looked as if we all were going to fail the KPDS Test, but it well in the end.

A) tear C) turn E) tell

A) turned up C) took over E) wanted out

B) talk D) throw

B) turned out D) traded off

19. The committee of one chairman, two vice chairmen, and ten permanent members.

A) conceived C) constrained E) conferred

A) contradicts C) commits E) consists


15. The leader’s freedom to travel has been due to heightened risks for his personal security.

B) committed D) comprised

16. His request for a green card providing the card holders with free medical care was , as he to be the owner of a private hospital.

r.

C

A) turned down / turned out B) watered down / turned down C) taken in / turned up D) thrown away / tried out E) tracked down / wore off

D

17. She couldn’t of abandoning her husband and children, though she was deeply in love with this young man.

20. We have been trying to him into running for a political office. A) talk C) take E) wear

B) turn D) think

21. Before purchasing any electrical device make sure that it to the official safety standards. A) confirms C) conceives E) compiles

B) conforms D) confers

w

w

B) confine D) consist

w

A) confirm C) conceive E) consult

B) confirms D) constrains

22. The color red is used to passion or danger. A) ensure C) denote E) debate

B) erode D) contribute


23. She is a hoarder, refusing to anything away, so her house looks like a garbage disposal site. A) take C) throw E) wear

B) turn D) tell

A) defines C) detects E) derives

A) taking out C) trying out E) turning away

B) turning out D) wearing off

29. If you some of her early writing with her later work, you can see just how much she improved.


24. She great pleasure from playing the violin.

28. The doctors at the Johns Hopkins University are a new medicine in the fight against the Alzheimer’s disease.

B) denotes D) deviates

A) convert C) eliminate E) contrast

B) couple D) distribute

25. These measures are to reduce environmental pollution. B) designed D) emerged

C

A) defined C) disposed E) emphasized

26. This brand new radar equipment is used to enemy aircraft. B) encounter D) equip

D

r.

A) enable C) detect E) erode

w

w

w

27. The illegal residential slums and shops in the areas in which people had not voted for the party in power at the municipal level were by the municipal authorities who turned a blind eye to similar constructions in the areas their votes had come from. A) told apart C) turned down E) thrown out

B) torn down D) taken in

30. I tried hard to resist the look of the filled grapevine leaves my wife had made, but I couldn’t help but temptation and ate up the whole pot. Then I got sick and had to . A) yield to / throw up B) turn in / thrown out C) try on / throw away D) turn against / yield to E) water down / turn up



 Deviate Ayrılmak, farklılık göstermek, yön değiştirmek

Please specify the dimensions ( the height, length and width) of the room. a building of vast dimensions ( size) His personality has several dimensions. These weapons add a new dimension to modern warfare. There is a spiritual dimension to her poetry.


The recent pattern of weather deviates from the norm for this time of year. The path follows the river closely, occasionally deviating round a clump of trees.

 Dimension Boyut

 Diminish Azalmak, azaltmak, küçümsemek, küçük düşürmek

 Device Araç

C

a contraceptive/electronic device Rescuers used a special device for finding people trapped in collapsed buildings.

 Devote Adamak, ayırmak

w

w

D

r.

He left government to devote more time to his family. She has devoted all her energies/life to the care of homeless people. At the age of 25, he decided to devote himself to God. Over half his speech was devoted to the issue of unemployment. The report recommends that more resources be devoted to teaching four year olds.

w

 Differentiate Ayrırmak, farklı kılmak We do not differentiate between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin. The slate roof differentiates this house from others in the area.

I don't want to diminish her achievements, but she did have a lot of help. These memories will not be diminished by time. What he did has seriously diminished him in many people's eyes. We've seen our house diminish greatly/sharply/substantially in value over the last six months.

 Discrete Kendine özgü, özel

These small companies now have their own discrete identity. NOTE: Do not confuse with discreet.

 Discriminate Ayrımcılık yapmak She felt she had been discriminated against because of her age. In order to increase the number of female representatives, the selection committee decided to discriminate in favor of women for three years.


 Displace Yerinden etmek, uzaklaştırmak

The company aims eventually to distribute ( supply for sale) its products throughout the European Union.

The building of a new dam will displace thousands of people who live in this area.  Diverse Farklı, değişik  Display Göstermek


The British traditionally tend not to display much emotion in public.

Students from universities as diverse as Bilkent and METU use this textbook when they learn English. New York is a very culturally/ethnically diverse city.

 Dispose Kurtulmak, elden çıkarmak, yenmek

How did they dispose of the body? It took a mere five minutes for the world champion to dispose of ( defeat) his opponent.

 Document Belgelemek

His interest in basketball has been well documented ( recorded and written about) by the media.

 Domain Alan

C

 Distinct Farklı, değişik

r.

The two concepts are quite distinct (from each other). There are two distinct factions within the one political party.

She treated the business as her private domain. These documents are in the public domain ( available to everybody).

 Domestic Aile içi, yurtiçi

D

 Distort Tahrif etmek, bozmak

domestic chores/duties/arrangements domestic airlines/flights Domestic opinion had turned against the war.

w

w

My original statement has been completely distorted by the media.

w

 Distribute Dağıtmak The books will be distributed free to local schools. Several people were arrested for distributing racist leaflets/pamphlets (to the spectators).

 Dominate Kontrolü elinde tutmak, üstünlük sağlamak He refuses to let others speak and dominates every meeting. They work as a group no one person is allowed to dominate.


 Draft Hazırlamak, yazmak Draft a proposal for the project and we can discuss it at the meeting.

 Drama Drama, olay, hava

 Duration Süre, zaman

He planned a stay of two years' duration.

 Dynamic Dinamik, artan

C

She's young and dynamic and will be a great addition to the team. We need a dynamic expansion of trade with other countries.

r.

 Economy Ekonomi

the global economy the Turkish/US economy the state of the economy a weak/strong economy Tourism contributes millions of dollars to the country's economy.

w

w

w

D

List the elements which make up a perfect dinner party. The film had all the elements of a good thriller. We weren't even taught the elements of ( basic information about) physics at school.

 Eliminate Ortadan kaldırmak, çıkarmak, elimine etmek


We had a little drama last night when the oil in the pan caught fire. As a lawyer, he positively reveled in the drama of the courtroom.

 Element Unsur, esaslar

 Edit (Metni) düzeltmek, redakte etmek, editör olmak Janet edited books for a variety of publishers. The film's 129 minutes were edited down from 150 hours of footage. He edits a national newspaper.

A move towards healthy eating could help eliminate heart disease. We eliminated the possibility that it could have been an accident. The police eliminated him from their enquiries. He was eliminated in the third round of the competition.

 Emerge Ortaya çıkmak, meydana gelmek, görünmek, su yüzüne çıkmak

She emerged from the sea, blue with cold. The minister emerged unscathed from the scandal. The facts behind the scandal are sure to emerge eventually. [+ that] It has emerged that secret talks had been going on between the two companies before the takeover was announced. He's the most exciting Turkish singer to emerge on the pop scene for a decade.


 Emphasis Önem, vurgu

Since I started eating more healthily I've so much more energy. I was going to go out this evening, but I just don’t have the energy. [+ to infinitive] I didn't even have the energy to get out of bed. Her writing is full of passion and energy ( enthusiasm). The energy generated by the windmill drives all the drainage pumps. energy conservation/efficiency. nuclear energy


I think we should put as much emphasis on preventing disease as we do on curing it. Schools here put/place/lay great emphasis on written work and grammar. The emphasis is on the final syllable. Where do you put the emphasis in the word 'controversy'?

 Energy Enerji

 Empirical Empirik, gerçek, bilimsel

This theory needs to be backed up with solid empirical data/evidence. Empirical studies show that some forms of alternative medicine are extremely effective.

 Enforce Kanunu uygulamak, sağlamak

It isn't always easy for the police to enforce speed limits. The new teacher had failed to enforce any sort of discipline.

C

 Enable Sağlamak, yardımcı olmak

[+ to infinitive] Computerization should enable us to cut production costs by half.

 Enhance İyileştirmek, düzeltmek

These scandals will not enhance the organization's reputation/image.

r.

 Encounter Karşılaşmak

w

w

w

D

When did you first encounter these difficulties? The army is reported to be encountering considerable resistance. On their way home they encountered a woman selling flowers.

 Enormous Çok büyük, devasa

an enormous car/house He earns an enormous salary. I was absolutely enormous when I was pregnant. You've been an enormous help.


 Ensure Sağlamak The airline is taking steps to ensure safety on its aircraft. [+ (that)] The role of the police is to ensure (that) the law is obeyed. [+ two objects] Their 20 victory today has ensured the Turkish team a place in the Cup Final.

She's doing the equivalent job in the new company but for more money. Is $50 equivalent to about £30? There is no English equivalent for 'bon appetit' so we have adopted the French expression. Ten thousand people a year die of the disease that's the equivalent of the population of this town.


 Entity Birim, ünite

 Equivalent Aynı, eşit olmak, karşılık

The museums work closely together, but are separate legal entities. He regarded the east of the country as a separate cultural entity.

 Erode Zamanla bozmak, şeklini değiştirmek

 Environment Çevre, alan, yer

D

r.

C

The office is quite bright and airy it's a pleasant working environment. As a parent you try to create a stable home environment for your children to grow up in. Certain chemicals have been banned because of their damaging effect on the environment. We're not doing enough to protect the environment from pollution.

w

 Equate Eş tutmak

w

w

He complained that there was a tendency to equate rightwing politics with self interest.  Equip Donatmak It's going to cost $4 million to equip the hospital. All the police officers were equipped with shields to defend themselves against the rioters.

Wind and rain have eroded the statues into shapeless lumps of stone. The cliffs are eroding several feet a year. His behaviour over the last few months has eroded my confidence in his judgement.

 Error Hata, yanlışlık

He admitted that he'd made an error. The letter contains a number of typing errors. Human error has been blamed for the air crash. With something as delicate as brain surgery, there is little margin for error ( you must not make mistakes).


 Establish Kurmak, oluşturmak The brewery was established in 1822. These methods of working were established in the last century.

 Estate Arazi, mülk, çiftlik

A question on ethnic origin was included in the census. The factory's workforce reflects the ethnic mix from which it draws its labor. Conflicts between the different ethnic groups in the country exploded into civil war. ethnic food ethnic costume


It's a typical country estate with a large house for the owner, farm buildings and estate workers' houses. She left her entire estate to her niece.

 Ethnic Etnik, yabancı

 Evaluate Değerlendirmek, ölçmek

 Estimate Hesaplamak

C

Government sources estimate a longterm 50% increase in rail fares. [+ (that)] They estimate (that) the journey will take at least two weeks. [+ question word] It was difficult to estimate how many trees had been destroyed.

 Ethic Etik, ahlaki kurallar

 Eventual Son, nihai

We were the eventual winners of the competition. Although the original budget for the project was $1 billion, the eventual cost is likely to be 50% higher.

w

w

w

D

r.

the work ethic The ethics of journalism are much debated. He said he was bound by a scientist's code of ethics. Publication of the article was a breach of ethics.

It's impossible to evaluate these results without knowing more about the research methods employed. [+ question word] We will need to evaluate how the new material stands up to wear and tear.

 Evident Kolayca anlaşılır, açık, belli

The full extent of the damage only became evident the following morning. From the smell it was evident that the drains had been blocked for several days. Harry's courage during his illness was evident to everyone. Her love for him was evident in all that she did.


 Evolve Evrim geçirmek, haline gelmek, geliştirmek Humans evolved from apes. The company has evolved over the years into a multimillion dollar organization. Bacteria are evolving resistance to antibiotics.

 Expand Genişlemek, genişletmek The air in the balloon expands when heated. They expanded their retail operations significantly during the 1980s.

 Expert Uzman  Exceed Aşmak, geçmek

 Exclude Dışarıda bırakmak/tutmak, atmak, hariç tutmak

w

D

r.

C

Women are still excluded from the club. Microbes must, as far as possible, be excluded from the room during an operation. Tom has been excluded from school ( he is not allowed to go to school) for bad behavior. The price excludes local taxes. We can't exclude the possibility that he is dead.

w

 Exhibit Göstermek, gösteri yapmak He frequently exhibits at the art gallery. In the summer the academy will exhibit several prints which are rarely seen. He exhibited great selfcontrol considering her rudeness.

w

a gardening/medical expert My mother is an expert at dressmaking ( she does it very well). The center provides expert advice for people with financial problems. What's your expert opinion?


The final cost should not exceed $5000. The success of our campaign has exceeded our wildest expectations. She was found guilty on three charges of exceeding the speed limit.

 Explicit Tam, açık

I gave her very explicit directions how to get here. She was very explicit about ( said very clearly and exactly) what she thought was wrong with the plans. I wasn't aware that I would be paying you certainly didn't make it explicit ( state it clearly).

 Exploit Yararlı bir şekilde kullanmak, sömürmek

We need to make sure that we exploit our resources as fully as possible. Laws exist to stop companies exploiting their employees.


 Export İhraç etmek Turkish textiles are exported to many different countries. Our clothes sell so well in this country that we have no need to export. American culture has been exported all over the world.

 Leave on not turn off (açık bırakmak) Leave the TV on; I want to hear the football results.

 Leave out not include (dışarda bırakmak) He was left out of the side because he hasn't been playing too well lately.


 Expose Açığa çıkarmak

C

The plaster on the walls has been removed to expose the original bricks underneath. He damaged his leg so badly in the accident that the bone was exposed. This photograph was under/overexposed ( too little/too much light was allowed to reach the film). The review exposed widespread corruption in the police force. The newspaper story exposed him as ( showed that he was) a liar.

 Lay down establish rules or procedures (koymak)

 Let down disappoint, fail to keep an arrangement (yüzüstü bırakmak)

She failed to turn up and I felt badly let down.

 Let in allow someone to enter (içeri almak)

The doorstaff didn't let him in the nightclub because he was wearing jeans.

D

r.

The rules of the sport were laid down early in the nineteenth century.

w

 Lay off make an employee redundant (işten çıkarmak)

 Let off not punish (bırakmak)

The judge let him off with a fine rather than a prison sentence since it was his first offence.

w

w

The hotel laid off twenty staff because tourist numbers were down.

 Lay out spend money (harcamak) They laid out thousands of pounds on their wedding reception.

 Let out allow to leave or go out (bırakmak, salmak) The convict was let out of prison after serving five years of an eightyear sentence.


 Let out make a sound (çıkarmak) He let out a huge sigh of relief when he heard the results.

 Lift off leave the ground rocket or spaceship (fırlatılmak)

Old people often look back on over their lives.

 Look down on have a low opinion of (küçümsemek) He looks down on his colleagues because he thinks he's better than they are.


54321 we have lift off!

 Look back think about the past (geriye bakmak)

 Live off use money earned (geçinmek)

They find it hard to live off the money they make.

C

 Live on use money for basic necessities (idare etmek)

 Look for try to find (aramak)

I've been looking for all their hidden files, but I can't find them anywhere.

 Look forward to wait for or anticipate something pleasant (iple çekmek)

They have to live on $200 a week.

r.

 Lock up close all doors, windows, etc. (her tarafı kapatmak)

w

D

She locked up after everyone had left and went home.

w

 Look after take care (bakmak)

w

Their auntie looked after them while their mother was in hospital.

I'm looking forward to meeting you.

 Look in make a quick visit (hemen uğramak)

I'll look in on them on my way home.

 Look in on visit briefly to see if everything's all right (uğramak) I'm going to look in on Gran on the way home tonight as she's been a bit unwell recently.


 Look into research, investigate (araştırmak) We'll look into the problem and come back to you when we have the information.

 Look on watch something like a crime without helping (seyretmek)

 Look out be careful (dikkatli olmak) Look out; you're going to drop that!

C

 Look round inspect a house (göz atmak)

We looked round the house and decided that we didn't like it enough to buy it.

r.

 Look up consult a reference work (dictionary, phonebook, etc.) for a specific piece of information. (bakmak)

D

We made for home when it started raining.

 Make into change something into something else (yapmak) Many churches have been made into flats in recent years.


The crowd just looked on as the old lady was mugged.

 Make for head in a certain direction (doğru gitmek)

w

w

w

I didn't know the correct spelling so I had to look it up in the dictionary.

 Look up to respect (saygı göstermek) She's looks up to her mother.

 Make it up to try to compensate for doing something wrong (gönlünü almak)

He tried to make it up to her, but she wouldn't speak to him.

 Make up stop being angry with someone (barışmak)

They are always arguing, but they make up again very quickly.

 Make up for compensate (telafi etmek)

I sent her a present to try to make up for my appalling behaviour.

 Meet with have something happen to you (karşılaşmak) They met with some problems they hadn't anticipated.


 Mix up confuse (karıştırmak) I always mix those two sisters up because they look so like each other.

 Note down write something short like a phone number for future reference. (not almak)

I'll pass the message on when she gets here.

 Pass out faint, lose consciousness (bayılmak) He got so drunk that he passed out.


She noted down my fax number so that she could send me the documents when she got to the office.

 Pass on give a message to someone (iletmek)

 Pay back repay money borrowed (geri ödemek)

 Opt for choose (seçmek)

I opted for an endowment mortgage and lost a lot of money.

C

 Owe to be the reason for something (borçlu olmak)

I paid back the twenty pounds I'd borrowed.

 Pay back take revenge on (öc almak)

I'm going to pay him back for that insult.

She owes her success to hard work and determination.

 Pay for purchase (ödemek)

I paid twenty pounds for the book.

D

r.

 Pan out the way a situation develops (gelişmek)

w

w

I don't know how things will pan out now the company's been taken over.

 Pay into deposit money (yatırmak)

I paid the cash into my account.

w

 Pass away die (ölmek) Sadly, Georgia's uncle passed away yesterday after a short illness.

 Pay off completely repay a debt (ödeyip bitirmek) The mortgage will be paid off in twenty five years.


 Pick out choose (seçmek) She picked out the ones she wanted to take and left the rest.

 Pick out choose or select (seçmek)

w

w

w

D

r.

C


The victim couldn't pick out her attacker from the photos the police showed her.



1. I think politicians should put as much on improving the economy as they lie about it. B) data D) emphasis


A) culture C) device E) document

2. I'll just open the window and let ___ some fresh air.

w

w

w

D

r.

C

A) off C) out E) around

B) in D) down

3. Students from universities as as METU and Bogaziçi use Dr. Şahiner’s textbooks when they learn English. A) definite C) dynamic E) energetic

B) diverse D) enormous

4. Economists that the world economic growth will be reduced by one percent due to the recent oil price hike. A) establish C) evolve E) extract

B) estimate D) expand


5. It isn't always easy for the police to speed limits. A) decline C) enforce E) contribute

B) deny D) eliminate

6. How can I for all the bad things I said about you? B) make up D) log in

A) laid down C) made up E) knocked out

B) laid off D) met with

11. There are several political groups within the political party in power.


A) make off C) look into E) lay down

10. The IMF has the conditions on which it could conclude a standby agreement with Turkey.

A) creative C) enormous E) distinct

B) crucial D) environmental

7. Turkish citizens saw their income substantially in value in 2001. B) detect D) deny

C

A) diminish C) depress E) distort

12. Primeminister’s original statements have been completely by the media. A) distorted C) ensured E) depressed

B) equated D) enforced

8. From amongst the forest sounds she the song of the nightingale. B) lifted off D) looked after

D

r.

A) knocked out C) picked out E) made for

13. Rose will your house while you're away. A) look into C) look after E) make for

B) nag at D) look forward to

w

w

A) domestic C) dynamic E) equivalent

w

9. These startup IT companies now have their own brandnames.

B) discrete D) enormous

14. It is reminded that wearing such attires in the public is illegal. A) emphasis C) domain E) device

B) energy D) culture


15. I think you must have me with somebody else. A) mixed up C) made up E) let down

B) looked for D) left out

A) eliminate C) discriminate E) contribute

A) contribute C) decline E) diminish

B) coordinate D) deviate

21. We do not between our workers on the basis of their background or ethnic origin.


16. A move towards exercising regularly and eating healthy food could help heart disease.

20. His recent columns on economic issues from his usual style and arguments.

B) diminish D) emerge

A) deduce C) derive E) differentiate

B) define D) demonstrate

17. Laying out more unqualified workers should us to cut production costs by half.

22. I will have to this matter after I return from my business trip.

A) dispose C) enforce E) deduce

A) meet with C) owe to E) look into

C

B) enable D) distribute

B) open up D) pass out

18. Semranım refuses to let others speak and the show.

23. She felt she had been against because of her ethnic background.

A) convenes C) displaces E) distorts

A) contributed C) discriminated E) denoted

w

D

r.

B) detects D) dominates

A) off C) in E) on

w

w

19. They let his son with no punishment even though he had run over someone. B) down D) around

B) convened D) credited

24. The salesmen often the money for their expenses and are then reimbursed. A) lay down C) nag at E) pay into

B) mix up D) lay out


25. She great courage and self discipline despite the trials and tribulations she endured in life. A) expanded C) exceeded E) exhibited

B) evaluated D) imposed

A) extracted C) exposed E) granted

B) funded D) implemented

27. He promised to be here at nine, but he let me . B) down D) around

C

A) in C) out E) off

B) estimated D) implicated

w

w

D

r.

28. During the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens the success of the Turkish woman athletes the expectations. A) excluded C) guaranteed E) exceeded

w

29. I have paid every kuruş I borrowed from the bank. A) up C) for E) back

A) explicit C) external E) ignorant

B) evident D) fundamental


26. The economic crisis in the country widespread corruption and clientelism at the apex of the government and bureaucracy.

30. At the shareholders’ meeting the company CEO was very about what he thought was the wrong direction the company had been dragged along.

B) into D) in



 External Dış, harici, dışındaki

C

 Extract Çıkarmak, zorla elde etmek

w

w

D

r.

They used to extract iron ore from this site. The oil which is extracted from olives is used for cooking. The tooth was eventually extracted. After much persuasion they managed to extract the information from him.

 Facilitate Kolaylaştırmak

w

People are earning more, but when inflation is factored in, they are no better off. The age of the patients and their overall health must be factored into the results.

 Feature İçermek, kapsamak


the external walls of the house Female kangaroos carry their young in pouches that are external to their bodies. This cream is for external use only ( it must not be put inside the body). In later years, his paintings began to show a number of external influences ( influences coming from other people). Most news magazines have a section devoted to external affairs ( foreign news). You shouldn't judge people by their external appearances ( what they appear to be like).

 Factor Dahil etmek, saymak

The new ramp will facilitate the entry of wheelchairs. The current structure does not facilitate efficient work flow.

The film features James Dean as a disaffected teenager. This week's broadcast features a report on victims of domestic violence. It's an Australian company whose logo features a red kangaroo.

 Federal Federal, federal hükümete ait

the federal government

 Fee Ücret

legal fees university fees an entrance/registration fee We couldn't afford to pay the lawyer's fee.

 File Resmi başvuru yapmak He has filed a divorce case against his wife. The company filed bankruptcy.


 Final Son

 Focus Odaklamak, odaklanmak, (dikkat) çevirmek

a final warning/offer the final chapters of a book the final years The game is in its final stages.

Tonight's program focuses on the way that homelessness affects the young. When the kitchen is finished I'm going to focus my attention on the garden and get that sorted out.

 Finance Finanse etmek

 Finite Kısıtlı, sınırlı

C

The funds available for the health service are finite and we cannot afford to waste money. We only have a finite amount of time to complete this task we can't continue indefinitely.

 Flexible Esnek, değişebilir

r.

My schedule is quite flexible I could arrange to meet with you any day next week.

D

 Format Bir metni düzenlemek, şekle sokmak


The local authority has refused to finance the project.

He was unable to format his article online due to his illiteracy in the wordprocessing software.

 Formula Formül

We have changed the formula of the washing powder. We had to learn chemical formulae at school, but I can only remember H 2O for water. There's no magic formula for success.

 Forthcoming Yaklaşan

We have just received the information about the forthcoming conference.

w

 Fluctuate Dalgalanmak, değişmek

w

w

Vegetable prices fluctuate according to the season. Her wages fluctuate between TL 150,000 and TL 200,000 a week. Her weight fluctuates wildly. fluctuating prices

 Found Kurmak, temele dayandırmak: Her lawyer accused the prosecution of founding its case on insufficient evidence. I'd like to see the research that these recommendations are founded on. a society founded on egalitarian principles


 Foundation Temel The foundations will have to be reinforced to prevent the house from sinking further into the ground.

 Furthermore Bunun dışında, buna ek olarak I suggest we use Barkers as our main suppliers they're good and furthermore they're cheap.

 Framework – Çerçeve  Gender Cinsiyet a legal framework for resolving disputes


 Function İşlemek, çalışmak

You'll soon learn how the office functions. The television was functioning normally until yesterday. I'm so tired today, I can barely function.

C

 Fund Masrafları karşılamak, fonlamak

r.

The company has agreed to fund my trip to the US. The new college is being privately funded ( money for it is not being provided from taxes).

D

 Fundamental Temel, esas, önemli

w

w

We need to make fundamental changes to the way in which we treat our environment. It's one of the fundamental differences between men and women. The school is based on the fundamental principle that each child should develop its full potential. Diversity is of fundamental importance to all ecosystems and all economies. Some understanding of grammar is fundamental to learning a language.

w

Does this test show the gender of the baby? Discrimination on the basis of race, gender, age or disability is not allowed.

 Generate Oluşturmak, meydana getirmek, oluşturmak, üretmek

Her latest film has generated a lot of interest/excitement. The new development will generate 1500 new jobs. These measures will increase the club's ability to generate revenue/income. The wind farm may be able to generate enough electricity/power for 2000 homes.

 Generation Nesil, jenerasyon (30 yıl), seri

The younger generation smoke/smokes less than their parents did. There were at least three generations grandparents, parents and children at the wedding. It's our duty to preserve the planet for future generations. This painting has been in the family for generations. a new generation of lowfat margarines Scientists are working on developing the next generation of supercomputers. A generation ago, home computers were virtually unknown.


 Globe Dünya His greatest ambition is to sail round the globe. She is a superstar all around the globe.

[+ (that)] The $50,000 deposit guarantees (that) people return the boats after their hour has finished. [+ to infinitive] Just looking at a picture of the sea is guaranteed to make me feel sick.

 Goal Hedef, amaç  Guideline Kurallar The EU has issued guidelines on appropriate levels of pay for parttime manual workers.


Our goal is for the country to be fully independent within two years. They have set themselves a series of goals to achieve by the end of the month. Do you think I'll be able to achieve my goal of losing 5 kilos before the summer?

 Hence Bu yüzden, onun için

 Grade Sınıflamak, sınıflandırmak, not vermek

C

The fruit is washed and then graded by size. The books are graded according to the difficulty of the language. to grade work/papers

His mother was Italian, hence his name Luca.

 Hierarchy Hiyerarşi

Some monkeys have a very complex social hierarchy. He rose quickly through the political hierarchy to become party leader.

 Grant Vemek, yerine getirmek

w

D

r.

[+ two objects] They granted her an entry visa. He was granted asylum. She granted their request/wish.

w

w

 Guarantee Garanti etmek/vermek, garantili olmak, kesin olarak yapmak The fridge is guaranteed for three years. [+ two objects] Turkish Airlines guarantees its customers topquality service. The label on this bread says it is guaranteed free of/from preservatives ( it contains no preservatives).

 Highlight Vurgulamak, altını çizmek

The report highlights the need for improved safety. The spelling mistakes in the text had been highlighted in green.

 Hypothesis Hipotez, kuram, bilimsel düşünce Several hypotheses for global warming have been suggested.


 Identical Aynı, benzer, çok yakın I've got three identical blue suits. The two rooms were virtually identical. The interests of both parties may not be identical, but they do overlap considerably. The tests are identical to those carried out last year.

 Illustrate Göstermek The lecturer illustrated his point with a diagram on the blackboard. This latest conflict further illustrates the weakness of the UN. [+ question word] The exhibition will illustrate how life evolved from water.


 Image İmaj, tahayyül, resim, görünüş

 Identify Tanımak, ortaya çıkarmak, belirlemek

C

Even the smallest baby can identify its mother by her voice. The gunman in Wednesday's attack has been identified as Lee Giggs, an unemployed truck driver. The police officer identified himself ( gave his name or proved who he was) and asked for our help. The research will be used to identify training needs. You need to identify your priorities.

I have an image in my mind of how I want the garden to be. He doesn't fit ( he is different to) my image of how an actor should look. The aim is to improve the public image of the police. The company has made strenuous attempts to improve its image in recent years. television images of starving children The image you see in the mirror seems to be reversed.

 Immigrate Göç etmek

 Ideology İdeoloji

He immigrated with his parents in 1895, and grew up in New York.

D

r.

socialist/capitalist ideology The people are caught between two opposing ideologies.

 Impact Etkilemek

w

w

 Ignorant Cahil, bilgisiz, farkında olmak

w

Many teenagers are surprisingly ignorant about current politics. We remained blissfully ignorant of the troubles that lay ahead.

Falling export rates have impacted (on) the country's economy quite considerably.

 Implement Uygulamak The changes to the national health system will be implemented next year.


 Implicate Suçlu olduğunu kanıtlamak

Bonus payments provide an incentive to work harder.

Have they any evidence to implicate him in the robbery?  Incidence Olay  Implicit Dolaylı, üstü kapalı


He interpreted her comments as an implicit criticism of the government. Implicit in the poem's closing lines are the poet's own religious doubts.

There have been quite a few incidences of bullying in the school this year. an increased incidence of cancer near nuclear power stations

 Incline Yönelmek, kaymak

 Imply İma etmek, dolaylı söylemek

C

[+ (that)] Are you implying (that) I'm fat? I'm not implying anything about your cooking, but could we eat out tonight?

 Impose (Resmi olarak veya zorla) koymak, vermek, yüklemek

 Income Gelir

Average incomes have risen by 4.5% over the past year. More help is needed for people on low incomes. I haven't had much income from my stocks and shares this year.

 Incorporate Bütünleştirmek, içine koymak, birleştirmek

Suggestions from the survey have been incorporated into/in the final design. This aircraft incorporates several new safety features.

w

w

w

D

r.

Very high taxes have recently been imposed on cigarettes. Judges are imposing increasingly heavy fines for minor driving offences. The council has imposed a ban on alcohol in the city parks. I don't want them to impose their religious beliefs on my children. We must impose some kind of order on the way this office is run.

The Prime Minister is believed to be inclining towards an April election.

 Incentive Teşvik Tax incentives have been very effective in encouraging people to save and invest more of their income. [+ to infinitive] There is little incentive for people to leave their cars at home when public transport remains so expensive.

 Index Toplamak, sıralamak Our computer indexes several thousand new records every second. The book contains a lot of information, but it's not very well indexed.


 Indicate Göstermek, belirtmek Exploratory investigations have indicated large amounts of oil below the sea bed. [+ question word] Please indicate which free gift you would like to receive. [+ (that)] She indicated to me (that) she didn't want me to say anything. The gauge indicates a temperature below freezing point.

 Infer Sonucuna varmak What do you infer from her refusal? [+ that] I inferred from her expression that she wanted to leave.

 Infrastructure Altyapı


The war has badly damaged the country's infrastructure.  Individual Ayrı, tek, tek başına duran, birey

 Inherent Özgü, özel

C

Each individual table is finished by hand. We deal with each case on an individual basis. Every individual has rights which must never be taken away. Like many creative individuals, she can be very badtempered. We try to treat our students as individuals.

 Induce İkna etmek, sebep olmak, doğurmak

 Inhibit Engellemek

Some workers were inhibited (from speaking) by the presence of their managers. This drug inhibits the growth of tumors.

 Initial İlk, başlangıç

My initial surprise was soon replaced by delight. Initial reports say that seven people have died, though this has not yet been confirmed.

w

w

D

r.

They induced her to take the job by promising editorial freedom. Nothing could induce me ( I definitely cannot be persuaded) to climb a mountain/ride a bike. Pills for seasickness often induce drowsiness. In this hospital, twins are often induced.

There are dangers/risks inherent in almost every sport. I have an inherent distrust of lawyers.

w

 Inevitable Kaçınılmaz The accident was the inevitable consequence/result/outcome of carelessness.

 Initiate Başlatmak Who initiated the violence?


 Injure Yaralamak A bomb exploded at the embassy, injuring several people. She fell and injured her shoulder. He was badly injured in the crash. He claimed that working too hard was injuring his health.

They set up a dot com company and floated it a couple of years later on the Stock Exchange and made an absolute fortune.

 Settle down start living a fixed and routine life (yerleşik hayata başlamak)


 Innovate Yenilenmek, yenilik getirmek

 Set up start a company (kurmak)

The fashion industry is always desperate to innovate.

After years of partying and drinking, she finally got married and settled down.

 Settle in get used to (alışmak)

 Set out display, show (göstermek)

It took him a while to settle in when he moved to Japan.

C

The figures are set out in the council's annual report.

 Set out start a journey (yola çıkmak)

 Settle on agree (karar kılmak)

They couldn't agree at first on a name for their daughter, but finally settled on Alice.

D

r.

The explorers set out for the South Pole yesterday morning.

w

 Set up prepare equipment, software, etc., for use (kurmak)

 Show in take someone into an office (içeri almak)

The secretary showed me in to speak to the manager.

w

w

The technician set up the computer network perfectly.  Show off behave in a way so as to attract attention (gösteriş yapmak) The children were showing off and irritated me.


 Shut down close a business, shop, etc. (kapanmak) The shop shut down when the outoftown supermarket opened.

 Shut down turn a computer off (kapatmak)

 Side with support someone (tarafını tutmak)

The lecturer sided with her students and got sacked for her pains.

C

 Sift through examine a lot of things carefully (elden geçirmek)

We had to sift through thousands of files before we found what we were looking for.

r.

 Sink in slowly come to be understood (dank etmek)

D

She's sat on the finance committee from the beginning.

 Sit through stay till the end of something dull (sonuna kadar dayanmak) I was bored and wanted to leave halfway through, but we sat through the film.


You should close all programs before you shut a computer down.

 Sit on be on a committee (komite üyesi olmak)

w

w

The truth finally sank in about her death when it was broadcast on TV.

w

 Sit in occupy a building to protest about something (oturma protestosu yapmak) The students sat in the Library as a protest against the increase in tuition fees.

 Sort out resolve a problem (çözmek)

Has the firm sorted out its tax problems yet?

 Sort out solve a problem (çözmek)

There were a lot of problems at first, but they've all been sorted out now.

 Speak out talk openly and freely (özgürce konuşmak)

People are afraid to speak out in oppressive political regimes.

 Speak up Talk more loudly (yüksek sesle konuşmak) They couldn't hear the speaker and asked him to speak up a bit.


 Split up divide into groups (bölmek) The teacher split the class up into groups of four.

 Split up finish a relationship (ayrılmak)

 Stand out be extraordinary and different (farklı olmak) She stood out from the crowd in selection and was offered the job.

 Start up open a business (yeni iş kurmak) The firm started up on a shoestring budget.

 Stand by support someone (yanında olmak)

 Stay in not go out (evde kalmak)


They are always splitting up and then getting back together again.

He stood by her throughout the trial as he believed her to be innocent.

C

 Stand for accept or tolerate behavior (tahammül etmek)

I'm not going to stand for their rudeness any longer.

D

r.

 Stand for the words represented by certain initials (açılımı olmak)

I'm going to stay in and chill tonight; I can't be bothered to go out.

 Stay on remain longer than anticipated (kalmak)

She stayed on after she graduated to do a Master's degree.

 Stay out not go home (dışarıda kalmak, eğlenmek)

We stayed out all night.

w

w

'What do the letters BBC stand for? ' 'British Broadcasting Corporation.'

w

 Stand in for substitute someone temporarily (yerine bakmak) She had to stand in for the editor while he was on holiday.

 Stay up not go to bed (geç yatmak) The children stayed up until way past their bedtime.


 Steer clear of avoid (görünmemek) He's trying to steer clear of his lecturer because he hasn't finished his assignment yet.

 Step in get involved by interrupting something (müdahele etmek)

 Summon up get the energy or courage to do something (toplamak) Andrea couldn't summon up the enthusiasm to apply for the position.

 Take after look like, resemble (benzemek)


He takes after his mother.

I had to step in when they started fighting.

 Step up increase (artırmak)

The police have stepped up the pressure on beggars working the Underground.

C

 Stick to not change (vazgeçmemek)

The Prime Minister decided to stick to the original plan despite the criticism in the media.

D

r.

 Stir up make trouble for someone else (ortalığı karıştırmak)

w

w

w

He stirred things up by complaining to senior management about his line manager.

 Sum up summarize (toparlamak, özetlemek) At the end of the lecture, she summed up the main points again.

 Take apart take something to pieces (parçalamak, sökmek)

She took the photocopier apart to see what had got stuck in it.

 Take aside get someone alone to talk to them (yana çekip konuşmak)

The teacher took her aside and said that she'd failed the exam.

 Take back make someone nostalgic (geri götürmek)

That song always takes me back to when I was at university.

 Take back retract a statement, admit that something was wrong (geri almak) I had to take back everything bad I'd said about them when I learned how they'd helped out.


 Take down make notes or write down in full (hepsini not etmek) The police took down his answers to their questions.

 Take it out on abuse someone because you're angry (hıncını birinden almak) Whenever things go wrong, he always shouts and takes it out on me, even if I had nothing to do with the problem.

 Take down remove (kaldırmak) ·

Take off make great progress (yükselişe geçmek)


People take down their Christmas decorations twelve days after Christmas.

 Take in absorb information (anlamak)

The lecture was rather boring and I didn't take in much of what the lecturer said.

C

 Take in deceive (aldatmak)

Nobody was taken in by her unbelievable excuse.

·

Take off reduce the price of an item (indirim yapmak)

They've taken ten percent off designer frames for glasses.

·

Take off when a plane departs or leaves the ground (havalanmak)

The flight for İstanbul took off on time.

r.

 Take in make clothes smaller (kısaltmak)

The software house really took off when they produced the latest version of their DTP package.

w

w

w

D

The jacket was far too big around the shoulders, so I had it taken in so that I could wear it.

·

Take on allow passengers on a ship or airplane (yolcu almak)

The plane stopped at Ankara to take on some passengers.

·

Take on assume a responsibility (üstlenmek)

She took on the task of indexing the book.



1. She great courage and self discipline despite the trials and tribulations she endured in life. B) evaluated D) imposed


A) expanded C) exceeded E) exhibited

2. Following the economic crisis in Turkey in 2001 many exportoriented factories .

w

w

w

D

r.

C

A) went under C) gave off E) got at

B) gave in D) fired up

3. Despite the Purchasing Power Parity theory the price of a Big Mac menu widely throughout the world. A) focuses C) implies E) fluctuates

B) estimates D) indicates

4. A society on socialist principals is nothing but a pipe dream. A) funded C) exposed E) founded

B) financed D) extracted


5. The new natural gas power plant is designed to enough electricity for 10,000 households. A) highlight C) focus E) implement

B) evaluate D) generate

A) final C) external E) evident

B) eventual D) finite

C

7. The latest geological reports the urgent need for the government to take immediate measures to prevent enormous loss of life and property in case of a unexpected earthquake in Istanbul. B) highlight D) impact

r.

A) impose C) exclude E) estimate

A) induces C) implies E) generates

B) estimates D) identifies

10. She has decided to eating chocolate, her favorite food, in order to lose weight.


6. The full extent of the damage to the welfare of the wide public only became two years after the financial crisis.

9. In her research paper she that we all should accept the latest accusations leveled against the country’s agricultural policies.

A) go by C) give up E) get on


11. The EU Commission seems to be towards starting accession talks with Turkey in 2050. A) imposing B) inclining C) establishing D) implementing E) extracting

12. If you don’t turn on the overstove aspirator, the fire alarm will .

A) get over C) get at E) go into

A) go off C) get down E) gloss over


B) give up D) fire away

w

w

w

D

8. It usually takes 10 days for one to the flu.

13. Recent explorations large reserves of oil below the eastern Black Sea. A) induce C) exceed E) fluctuate

B) found D) indicate


14. The IMF study the country’s macroeconomic conditions during the last decade. A) focuses on C) gets back E) goes down

B) fits in D) gives in

A) factor C) fluctuate E) highlight

C

B) got in D) went with

D

r.

17. One should interpret his speech as an criticism of the judicial system in the country. B) implicit D) final

w

w

A) finite C) ethnic E) individual

w

18. For a happy marriage it is very important to with the parentsin law. A) give away C) get to E) go along

B) get around D) go down

20. Last night I with my homework rather than leave it for the weekend. A) fixed up C) went by E) fleshed out

B) got over D) got by

B) exclude D) facilitate

16. The thieves in a stolen cab, which the police later found abandoned. A) got away C) gave up E) fired up

A) go up C) get to E) give away


15. The current unemployment level and endemic poverty in Turkey will not the country’s integration into the European Union.

19. He did not anything about his mortal illness.

B) get round D) get on

21. The environmentalists call on the authorities to shut down that plant, for it a lot of deadly chemical smoke into the air. A) gives off C) flogs off E) goes up

B) gives back D) fires up

22. During the 2004 Olympic Games in Athens the success of the Turkish woman athletes the expectations. A) excluded C) guaranteed E) exceeded

B) estimated D) implicated

23. She on her boyfriend when she found out that he had been seeing another woman. . A) glossed over B) went down C) fired away D) got back E) gave up


24. The changes to the national education system will be beginning from the next school year. A) implicated C) implemented E) founded

B) evaluated D) implied

A) get in C) fold up E) go against

B) fire away D) go about

C

B) evident D) fundamental

D

r.

27. Economists that the world economic growth will be reduced by one percent due to the recent oil price hike. B) estimate D) expand

w

w

A) establish C) evolve E) extract

w

28. Very high taxes have recently been on tobacco products. A) illustrated C) granted E) imposed

B) forthcoming D) funding

30. Most lowincome citizens find it increasingly difficult to given the shabby economic conditions in Turkey. A) fit in C) get by E) go with

26. At the shareholders’ meeting the company CEO was very about what he thought was the wrong direction the company had been dragged along. A) explicit C) external E) ignorant

A) explicit C) finite E) global


25. How are you going to telling him that you want to get a divorce?

29. The G8 countries will discuss the international terrorism and world economic growth during their summit in Canada next month.

B) implicated D) guaranteed

B) give in D) go down


 Instance Olay, durum, vaka ACADEMIC VOCABULARY FOR KPDS & ÜDS 6

 Input Girdi, katkı

 Institute Başlatmak She is threatening to institute legal proceedings against the hospital.


I didn't have much input into the project ( The help I gave or work I did on it was small). The power input will come largely from hydroelectricity.

There have been several instances of violence at the school. I don't usually side with the management, but in this instance I agree with what they're saying.

 Insert İçine sokmak/koymak, eklemek

C

Insert the key in/into the lock. I've filled in the form, but you still need to insert ( add) your bank details and date of birth.

 Insight Görüş, düşünce, bilgi

The police have been instructed to patrol the building and surrounding area.

 Integral Bir bütünün parçası olmak

He's an integral part of the team and we can't do without him. Bars and terrace cafés are integral to the social life of the city.

r.

It was an interesting book, full of fascinating insights into human relationships.

 Instruct Emir vermek, ders vermek

D

 Inspect İncelemek, tetkik etmek, inceleme yapmak

w

w

w

After the crash both drivers got out and inspected their cars for damage. She held the bank note up to the light and inspected it carefully. An official from the Department of Health will be inspecting the restaurant this afternoon. The visiting President inspected the troops.

 Integrate İçine karışmak, içine katmak, birleştirmek

He seems to find it difficult to integrate socially. It's very difficult to integrate yourself into a society whose culture is so different from your own. Children are often very good at integrating into a new culture. The aim, said the minister, was to integrate Turkey both politically and economically into the European Union. The idea with young children is to integrate learning with play.


 Integrity Dürüstlük, bütünlük No one doubted that the president was a man of the highest integrity. A modern extension on the old building would ruin its architectural integrity.

 Internal İç He sustained injuries to his arms, legs and several internal organs. The bank conducted its own internal investigation into the robbery. The government warned its neighbors not to interfere in its internal affairs.

 Intelligent Zeki, akıllı

 Intense Yoğun, çok, şevkli

C

intense cold/heat/hatred an intense flavor/color He suddenly felt an intense pain in his back. an intense young man

 Interact İletişim kurmak

w

D

r.

Dominique's teacher says that she interacts well with the other children. It's interesting at parties to see how people interact socially. We are studying how these two chemicals interact.

w

 Intermediate Orta seviyede/seviyeli

w

 Interpret Yorumlamak, açıklamak


a highly intelligent young man an intelligent remark Helen had a few intelligent things to say on the subject.

There are three levels of difficulty in this game: low, intermediate and high. This novel is too difficult for intermediate students of English.

It's difficult to interpret these statistics without knowing how they were obtained. A jury should not interpret the silence of a defendant as a sign of guilt. If Shakespeare's plays are to reach a large audience they need to be interpreted in a modern style.

 Interval Dönem, ara

We see each other at regular intervals usually about once a month. There's often a long interval between an author completing a book and it appearing in the shops.

 Intervene Müdahele etmek, karışmak, araya girmek

The Central Bank intervened in the currency markets today to try to stabilize the exchange rate. [+ to infinitive] The Minister intervened personally to stop the museum being closed. Two decades intervened between the completion of the design and the opening of the theatre.


 Intrinsic Çok önemli, özel, özgü works of little intrinsic value/interest Maths is an intrinsic part of the school curriculum.

 Invest Yetki vermek, yetkili kılmak, yatırım yapmak

 Isolate Ayırmak, izole etmek


Our government has invested the minister for trade with all the necessary powers to resolve the dispute. We've decided it's time to invest in a new computer. In his poems everyday reality is invested with a sense of wonder and delight.

involves putting a small tube into your heart. Research involving the use of biological warfare agents will be used for defensive purposes. She's been involved with animal rights for many years. It would be difficult not to involve the child's father in the arrangements.

 Investigate Araştırmak, incelemek

C

Police are investigating allegations of corruption involving senior executives. [+ question word] We are of course investigating how an error like this could have occurred.

He was isolated from all the other prisoners. A high wall isolated the house from the rest of the village. They tried to isolate ( find) the cause of the problem. Virus particles were eventually isolated from the tissue.

 Issue Vermek, yayınlamak

The office will be issuing permits on Tuesday and Thursday mornings. The school issued a statement about its plans to the press./The school issued the press with a statement about its plans.

D

r.

 Invoke Çağırmak, atıfta bulunmak

w

w

w

Police can invoke the law of trespass to regulate access to these places. Their sacred dance is performed to invoke ancient gods.

 Involve İçermek, içine almak, kapsamak The second accident involved two cars and a lorry. I prefer teaching methods that actively involve students in learning. [+ ing form of verb] The operation

 Item Parça, konu

the last item on the list The restaurant has a long menu of about 50 items. Several items of clothing ( clothes) lay on the floor. There are three items on the agenda.


 Job İş

 Labor Çalışmak, yapmaya çalışmak, üzerinde çalışmak: He travelled around Europe laboring to pay his way. [+ to infinitive] Three hours after the explosion, rescue teams were still laboring to free those trapped. He labored up the hill with his heavy load. She's been laboring over the same article for days.


a temporary/permanent job When she left college, she got a job as an editor in a publishing company. It's very difficult trying to bring up two children while doing a fulltime job. He's never managed to hold down ( keep) a steady ( permanent) job. She's applied for a job with an insurance company. Are you going to give up your job when you have your baby? How long have you been out of a job ( unemployed)? After a disastrous first month in office, many people are beginning to wonder if the new president is up to ( able to do) the job. Hundreds of workers could lose their jobs.

 Layer Kat kat koymak, sermek:

Layer the pasta with slices of tomato. potatoes layered with onions

 Lecture Ders vermek, eleştirmek

 Journal Dergi:

C

a medical/trade journal

For ten years she lectured in law. She traveled widely in North America, lecturing on women's rights. His parents used to lecture him on his table manners.

 Justify Mazaret bulmak, neden bulmak, doğrulamak, kanıtlamak:

w

w

D

r.

[+ ing form of verb] I can't really justify taking another day off work Are you sure that these measures are justified? It was the only thing that I could do I don't have to justify myself to anyone.

 Legal Hukuki, kanuni

legal advice a legal obligation/requirement legal status your legal rights legal action/proceedings my legal representatives ( my lawyers)

w

 Label Etiketlemek: The parcel was clearly labeled 'Fragile'. If you spend any time in prison, you're labeled as a criminal for the rest of your life.

 Legislate Kanun/yasa yapmak They promised to legislate against cigarette advertising. It's hard to legislate for ( make a law that will protect) the ownership of an idea.


 Levy (Vergi) koymak A new tax was levied on consumers of luxury goods.

 Liberal Açık, açık görüşlü

I fail to see the logic behind his argument. If prices go up, wages will go up too that's just logic. There's no logic in the decision to reduce staff when orders are the highest for years. The internal logic of her argument is undeniable.

 Maintain Sürdürmek, devam ettirmek, bakım yapmak, geçinmek, iddia etmek


a liberal society/attitude Her parents were far more liberal than mine. NOTE: The opposite is illiberal or intolerant.

 Logic Mantık

 Licence Lisans/izin vermek

[+ to infinitive] Several companies have been licensed to sell these products.

C

 Likewise Aynı şekilde, aynen

r.

Just water these plants twice a week, and likewise the ones in the bedroom. "I haven't got time to spend hours preparing one dish!" "Likewise ( It's the same for me)."

The army has been brought in to maintain order in the region. We have standards to maintain. Despite living in different countries, the two families have maintained close links. The film has maintained its position as the critics' favourite for another year. A large house costs a lot to maintain. The roads around the town have been very poorly maintained. They barely earn enough to maintain themselves and their four children. Throughout his prison sentence Dunn has always maintained his innocence. [+ that] He maintains that he has never seen the woman before.

D

 Link Bağlamak, bağlantı kurmak

 Major Büyük, önemli

w

w

w

The explosions are not thought to be linked in any way. The use of CFCs has been linked to the depletion of the ozone layer.

 Locate Bulunmak, yerini bulmak, yerleşmek Our office is located in the city center. Police are still trying to locate the suspect. The company hopes to locate in its new offices by June.

All of her major plays have been translated into English. Sugar is a major cause of tooth decay. There are two problems with this situation, one major, one minor. Citrus fruits are a major source of vitamin C. There has been a major change in attitudes recently. The United States is a major influence in the United Nations.


 Manipulate Manipule etmek, oynamak, tahrif etmek, elle çalıştırmak/iyileştirmek

Some airlines have cancelled less popular routes in an effort to maximize profits.

 Mechanism Mekanizma, parça, yol, yöntem These automatic cameras have a special focusing mechanism. The mechanism for collecting taxes needs revising. She's actually rather insecure, and her rudeness is just a defence mechanism.


Throughout her career she has very successfully manipulated the media. The opposition leader accused government ministers of manipulating the statistics to suit themselves. The wheelchair is designed so that it is easy to manipulate. The doctor manipulated the base of my spine and the pain disappeared completely.

 Maximize Arttırmak, yükseltmek

 Manual Elle yapılan

 Media Medya

the local/national media media attention/coverage/hype/reports The issue has been much discussed in the media.

C

the manual sorting of letters She tried to cure the pain in my knee by putting manual pressure on the joint. He still works on an old manual typewriter. unskilled manual labour 750 manual workers will lose their jobs as a result of company cutbacks. Computercontrolled robots are taking over manual jobs in many industries.

 Mediate Aracılık yapmak

r.

 Margin Yan, kenar

w

w

D

The plant tends to grow in the lighter margins of woodland areas. If I have any comments to make, I'll write them in the margin.

w

 Mature olgunlaşmak Humans take longer to mature than most other animals. Girls are said to mature faster than boys. He matured a lot while he was at college. It took several years for her ideas to mature.

Negotiators were called in to mediate between the two sides. The two envoys have succeeded in mediating an end to the war.

 Medical Medikal, tıbbi

medical advice medical books a medical team medical workers


 Medium Orta, orta dereceli, orta derecede pişmiş, yol, vasıta a girl of medium height a mediumsized book Would you like your steak rare, medium, or welldone? the broadcasting/print medium They told the story through the medium of dance.

 Military Askeri foreign military intervention military targets/forces military uniform

 Minimal Çok az


There were no injuries and damage to the building was minimal.  Mental Zihinsel

His physical and mental health got worse. Many people suffer from some form of mental illness during their lives. She had a mental picture ( a picture in her mind) of how the house would look when they finished decorating it.

C

 Method Metot, yöntem

Travelling by train is still one of the safest methods of transport. The new teaching methods encourage children to think for themselves.

D

r.

 Migrate Göç etmek, yer değiştirmek

We must minimize the risk of infection. Environmentalists are doing everything within their power to minimize the impact of the oil spill. She accused the government of minimizing the suffering of thousands of people. It's important to focus on your strengths and to minimize your weaknesses. NOTE: The opposite is maximize.

 Give up stop doing something that had been a habit (bırakmak)

I gave up taking sugar in tea and coffee to lose weight.

w

w

w

These animals migrate annually in search of food. In September, these birds migrate 2000 miles south to a warmer climate. Mexican farm workers migrate into the US each year to find work at harvest time. Trade is migrating from local shops to the larger outoftown stores.

 Minimize Azaltmak, küçümsemek, az göstermek

 Give up on lose faith in or stop believing in something or someone (ümidini kesmek) I gave up on them when I heard what they were saying about me behind my back.


 Gloss over try to minimize the importance of something (önemsememek) The Minister tried to gloss over the report that was critical of her department.

 Go about deal with something (halletmek)

 Go by the passing of time (geçmek) Ten years went by before we saw each other again.

 Go by trust or depend on for correct information (güvenmek) Don't go by watch; it's usually a bit slow.


How should I go about telling her the bad news?

 Go down decrease, get smaller (düşmek)

 Go after chase, try to get (kovalamak)

The price of scanners has gone down recently.

The bird went after the pigeon, but it flew away.

 Go down sink (batmak)

C

 Go against lose a decision or a verdict of a court (aleyhine sonuçlanmak) If the decision goes against me, I'll go bankrupt.

The Titanic went down after it hit an iceberg on its maiden voyage.

 Go down sunset (batmak)

r.

The sun went down at seven o'clock.

D

 Go ahead proceed (devam etmek)

w

w

w

The construction of the bypass went ahead despite the protests from environmentalists.

 Go along with accept a decision or suggestion (sesini çıkarmamak) I didn't really agree but went along with the decision because I was in the minority.

 Go down with fall ill (yakalanıp hasta olmak)

She went down with a virus.

 Go for attack (saldırmak) The neighbour's dog went for the postman and bit him.


 Go in go to hospital for treatment, surgery, etc. (hastaneye yatmak)

 Go on happen (olmak) There are loads of people out in the street; what's going on?

He went in for a triple bypass operation two days ago.  Go through experience (çekmek)  Go into discuss in some detail (detaylardan bahsetmek)

You wouldn't believe what I went through when I was ill!


They refused to go into exactly what was wrong.

 Go through read again (gözden geçirmek)

 Go into enter a profession (mesleğine girmek)

I went through my notes before the exam.

She went into banking after she'd finished university.

 Go under go bankrupt (iflas etmek)

C

 Go off explode (bomb), start ringing (alarm) (patlamak, çalmaya başlamak)

Many small shops are going under because they cannot compete with the supermarkets.

The fire alarm went off because someone was smoking in the toilets.

r.

 Go up rise (yükselmek)

D

 Go off go bad (bozulmak)

The price of petrol has gone up sharply because of the increase in duty in the government's budget.

w

w

The milk went off because I forgot to put it in the fridge.

 Go up to approach (yanına gitmek, yaklaşmak)

w

 Go on continue (devam etmek) He went on and on talking and I was so bored.

She went up to him and asked him if he wanted a drink.


 Go with combine nicely (gitmek, uymak) Does this tie go with my shirt?

 Go without not have (yapmamak, …sız kalmak)

The teacher handed out the worksheet to the class.

 Hand over give (vermek) The robbers told the clerk to hand over all the money.


I had to go without lunch today because I didn't have any time.

 Hand out distribute (dağıtmak)

 Hang on wait (beklemek)

 Grow into grow to fit large clothes (içine sığmak)

Could you hang on for a moment till she's free.

The jacket's a bit big, but she'll grow into it.

 Hang up end a phone call (telefonu kapatmak)

I lost my temper and hung up on her.

C

 Grow out of grow too large for clothes (artık küçük gelmek) He grew out of those shoes in no time at all.

 Have on be wearing (giymek)

What did Joan have on at the party?

r.

 Grow up mature, become adult (büyümek)

w

D

He grew up in Germany.

 Heat up make food hot (ısıtmak)

He heated the soup up in the microwave.

w

 Hand down pass on to the next generation (geçmek)

w

The jewelery has been handed down in my family for generations.

 Help out give assistance (yardımcı olmak) She really helped me out when I was going through my divorce.

 Hand in submit work for appraisal (teslim etmek) I handed my homework in late as usual.


 Hold back not show emotion (tutmak)

 Keep at continue with something difficult (sebatla devam etmek)

It was really hard to hold back the tears. She found the course hard but she kept at it and completed it successfully.  Hold down keep a job (işi olmak)

 Hold off when bad weather doesn't appear (ortaya çıkmamak) The rain held off until we'd got back home.

C

 Hold on wait (beklemek)

Could you hold on for a minute; she'll be free in a moment.

r.

 Hold up delay when traveling (gecikmek)

D

 Keep off not talk about (bahsetmemek) She kept off the subject of her divorce.


He's so unreliable that he can never hold down a job for more than a couple of months.

He kept on trying and succeeded in the end.

 Keep up not let someone go to bed (uyutmamak)

My neighbors kept me up till after 4 am with their loud music last night.

 Keep up at continue, not quit (devam etmek)

Learning a language is difficult, but if you keep up at it, you'll succeed in the end.

w

w

I was held up by the terrible traffic and arrived half an hour late for my appointment.

 Keep on continue (devam etmek)

w

 Jot down make a quick note (not almak) I jotted down her number on a scrap of paper and I can't find it now.

 Keep up with move at the same rate (yetişmek) He walks too fast and it's really hard to keep up with him.


 Keep up with stay up to date (izlemek) It's hard to keep up with all the latest improvements and breakthroughs in technology nowadays.

 Kick in when a drug starts to take effect (etkisini göstermek)


Her hayfever didn't feel half as bad once the antihistamines had kicked in.

 Knock down demolish (yıkmak)

w

w

w

D

r.

C

They knocked down the old church and built a block of flats in its place.




1. It's hard to all the latest improvements and breakthroughs in technology nowadays. A) keep up with C) go after E) jot down

B) keep on D) hold back

C

2. Last night our power went off; but after a brief , the lights came on again. A) interval C) instance E) integrity

B) insight D) input

w

w

w

D

r.

3. He ordered the convicts to walking until he told them to stop. A) kick in C) keep up E) hold up

B) keep on D) go after

4. Chambers has brought his considerable to bear on this complex problem. A) interval C) impact E) insight

B) issue D) effect


5. Many reasons me back from telling you what I think. A) go C) take E) stop

B) give D) hold

A) involves C) institutes E) maintains

B) intervenes D) justifies

7. Her brother asked if he could with us to the movies. B) hand in D) keep up

C

A) go off C) go after E) go along

B) intervene D) legislate

11. There are many ways to take exercise and, , many ways to avoid it.

B) issued D) legislated

A) so C) legally E) intensely

B) likewise D) for instance

12. He his ground in the face of virulent attacks. A) maintained C) intervened E) invoked

B) issued D) labeled

13. After rumors of an explosion in the Iranian nuclear city of Busher by Dogan News Agency, the Istanbul Stock Exchange Index 300 points. A) went down C) grew up E) handed out

B) went off D) kept on

w

w

D

r.

8. The terrorist kidnappers have an ultimatum: either the businessman’s family pays a ransom of $2 million for his life within 48 hours, or else his head is going to be chopped off. A) intervened C) justified E) located

A) mature C) institute E) issue


6. Enrolling in Dr. Sahiner’s KPDS course attending classes as well as doing homework.

10. The government is seeking new ways to against the secular foundations of the state.

14. At thirtytwo, she is enough to make her own decisions.

A) go C) hold E) hand

A) intense C) legal E) mature

w

9. The man produced a gun and told the bank cashier to over all the money. B) keep D) gloss

B) liberal D) intrinsic


15. The government tries to the embezzlement reports involving the members of the party.

19. I would avoid the subject of money with Pauline if I were you. A) going off C) holding back E) going into

A) go along with B) gloss over C) go through D) keep up with E) keep on

B) keeping on D) holding on

20. Please do not comments of your own into the body of the text. 16. How does he his abrupt discovery of incompatibility between his own political opinions and the agenda of the political party he had been associated with?

A) issue C) insert E) justify

A) isolate C) insert E) label

21. We must all the parts into a coherent whole.


B) maintain D) mediate

B) issue D) justify

A) justify C) issue E) mature

B) integrate D) maintain

B) hand in D) go off

r.

A) go about C) go after E) go up

C

17. How does one establishing a business in that country?

w

w

A) handed over B) kept up with C) gone down with D) handed in E) glossed over

w

D

18. His cozy dealings with the bureaucrats at the Ministry of Health have not the board of the pharmaceutical company.

22. The bomb is designed to by dialing a cell phone number coded into the former. A) go off C) go down E) hand over

B) go up D) keep on

23. As no painting has worth, its value is arbitrary. A) integral C) intense E) internal

B) intelligent D) intrinsic


24. The sacred dance of American Indians is performed to gods so that they may show mercy on their tribes. A) issue C) label E) invoke

B) isolate D) legislate

28. She accused the government of the poverty of millions of people by making the Statistical Institute publish a report claiming that almost everybody in the country was quite happy. A) inserting C) intervening E) integrating

B) legislating D) minimizing

29. I have her number on a scrap of paper and I can't find it now.

A) given up B) gone through C) held back D) gone ahead E) handed in

A) given up C) handed in E) jotted down


25. He has many trials and tribulations before.

B) held back D) kept on

A) inserted C) maintained E) intervened

A) hand in C) jot down E) go by

C

26. Had I not with the fight he had himself involved, he might have been killed.

30. After years of working as a religious priest at a village mosque, he decided to for a professional career in politics; paid his way into a party, and elected the MP.

r.

B) integrated D) instituted

w w

A) kept on C) went in E) grew up

w

D

27. After being told that he was on no account to make any comment on the internal workings of the group to the press, he his resignation.

B) handed in D) glossed over

B) keep on D) go in



 Minimum En az, asgari

The new findings suggest that women ought to monitor their cholesterol levels. The CIA were monitoring ( secretly listening to) his phone calls.

 Motive Neden, sebep Why would she have killed him? She has no motive. Does he have a motive for lying about where he was? What is the motive behind ( the reason for) the bombing? I think you should examine/question their motives in offering to lend you the money. She denies that she has had an ulterior ( secret) motive for making the donation.


Wage increases are being kept to a minimum because of the recession. She hoped that her fiftieth birthday would pass with the minimum of fuss. We need a minimum of ten people to play this game. Eighteen is the minimum age for entering most nightclubs. NOTE: The opposite is maximum.

 Monitor Gözlemek, gözetlemek, dikkat etmek

 Minor Küçük, önemsiz

C

a minor operation It's only a minor problem. There's been an increase in minor offences, such as traffic violations and petty theft. She suffered only minor injuries. It requires a few minor adjustments. a minor poet of the 16thcentury

Theirs was a partnership based on mutual respect, trust and understanding. Both countries are acting to their mutual advantage. The agreement was terminated by mutual consent.

r.

 Mode Şekil, yöntem

 Mutual Karşılıklı

w

w

w

D

Each department in the company has its own mode of operation and none of them are compatible. Railways are the most important mode of transport for the economy.

 Modify Değiştirmek Instead of simply punishing them, the system encourages offenders to modify their behavior. The proposals were unpopular and were only accepted in a modified form.

 Negate Değerini/önemini yitirmek

The increase in our profits has been negated by the rising costs of running the business.


 Network Birbirine bağlamak, iş için bağlantı kurmak Our computer system consists of about twenty personal computers networked to a powerful fileserver. I don't really enjoy these conferences, but they're a good opportunity to do some networking.

 Norm Kural, norm, standart Europe's varied cultural, political and ethical norms accepted social norms One child per family is fast becoming the norm in some countries.

 Normal Normal, alelade a normal working day Lively behavior is normal for a fouryear old child. It's normal for couples to argue now and then. They were selling the goods at half the normal cost. The temperature was above/below normal for the time of year. Things are back to normal now that we've paid off all our debts.


 Neutral Tarafsız, ışıltısız, mat, dikkat çekmeyen

C

If there's an argument between my daughter and her mother, it's important that I remain neutral. The peace conference would have to be held in a neutral country. I'd rather meet on neutral ground/territory ( somewhere not controlled by or connected to either of us) rather than in his apartment. Howard wants dark red walls, but I'd rather a more neutral color like cream. Pure water is neutral and has a pH of 7. Atoms consist of positivelycharged protons, negativelycharged electrons and neutral particles called neutrons.

 Notion Fikir, düşünce

[+ that] The program makers reject the notion that seeing violence on television has a harmful effect on children. I have only a vague notion of what she does for a living.

D

r.

 Nevertheless Buna rağmen

w

w

I knew a lot about the subject already, but her talk was interesting, nevertheless.

w

 Nonetheless Buna rağmen There are serious problems in our country. Nonetheless, we feel this is a good time to return.

 Notwithstanding Rağmen

Notwithstanding some members' objections, I think we must go ahead with the plan. Injuries notwithstanding, he won the semifinal match.


 Nuclear Nükleer nuclear energy/power a nuclear power plant the nuclear industry a nuclear war/attack nuclear disarmament How many nations have a nuclear capability ( have nuclear weapons)?

The bathroom's occupied I think John's in there. The rest of the time was occupied with writing a report. The house hasn't been occupied ( lived in) by anyone for a few months. A large picture of the battle of Waterloo occupied the space above the fireplace. On long car journeys I occupy myself with solving maths puzzles. All the new toys kept the kids occupied for hours. Troops quickly occupied the city. Protesting students occupied the university office for two weeks. the occupying forces


 Objective Amaç, hedef

 Occupy Meşgul etmek, işgal etmek

Her main/prime objective now is simply to stay in power. Can the sales force achieve/meet its financial objectives?

 Obtain Almak, elde etmek

C

to obtain permission First editions of these books are now almost impossible to obtain. In the second experiment they obtained a very clear result. Sugar is obtained by crushing and processing sugar cane.

D

r.

 Obvious Açık, anlaşılması kolay, bilinen, belli

w

w

w

[+ (that)] It's obvious (that) she doesn't like him. They have a small child so for obvious reasons they need money. I know you don't like her, but do you have to make it so obvious? Am I stating the obvious ( saying what everyone already knows)? There is no obvious solution.

 Occur Meydana gelmek, olmak, aklına gelmek

An accident involving over ten vehicles has occurred in the eastbound lane. If any of these symptoms occur while you are taking the medicine, consult your doctor immediately. Violence of some sort seems to occur in every society. Minerals occur naturally in the earth's crust. The thought did occur to me. [+ that] It never even occurred to us that he hadn't been invited. Does it never occur to you that I might like to be on my own occasionally?


 Odd Tuhaf

 Outcome Sonuç It's too early to predict the outcome of the meeting.

 Output Üretim, çıktı Last year Turkish manufacturing output fell by 14%.


Her father was an odd man. What an odd thing to say. The skirt and jacket looked a bit odd together. That's odd ( surprising) I'm sure I put my keys in this drawer and yet they're not here. It's odd that noone's seen him. It must be odd to live on the 43rd floor.

 Offset Etkisiz kılmak

The extra cost of traveling to work is offset by the lower price of houses here.

 Ongoing Devam eden, süren, devam etmek

 Overall Genel, genel olarak, son

The overall situation is good, despite a few minor problems. Overall, it has been a good year. The overall winner, after ten games, will receive $250.000.

 Overlap Üst üste gelmek, çakışmak

 Option Seçenek, opsiyon

The fence is made of panels which overlap (each other). My musical tastes don't overlap with my brother's at all.

C

an ongoing investigation/process/project No agreement has yet been reached and the negotiations are still ongoing.

w

w

D

r.

The best option would be to cancel the trip altogether. There are various options open to someone who is willing to work hard. They didn't leave him much option either he paid or they'd beat him up.

w

 Orientate Yöneltmek It is essential that the public sector orientates itself more towards the consumer.

 Overseas Yurtdışı, yurtdışına, yurtdışında

We need to open up overseas markets. There are a lot of overseas students in Cyprus. My brother is a student overseas. Many more people go/travel/live/work overseas these days.


 Panel Panel döşemek The walls of the dining hall were paneled in oak. a paneled room/wall/door

 Passive Pasif, edilgen He's very passive in the relationship. Men have always played an active part in leading worship while women have been confined to more passive roles.

 Paradigm Model, paradigma  Perceive Algılamak How do the French perceive the British? Women's magazines are often perceived to be superficial.


Some of these educators are hoping to produce a change in the current cultural paradigm.

 Parallel Paralellik göstermek

 Percent Yüzde

The events of the last ten days in some ways parallel those before the 1978 election.

You got 20 percent of the answers right that means one in every five. Only 40% of people bothered to vote in the election.

C

 Parameter Parametre, çerçeve

r.

The researchers must keep within the parameters of the experiment. The central office sets/establishes the parameters which guide policy at the local level.

D

 Participate Katılmak

w

w

She never participates in any of our discussions, does she?

w

 Partner Ortak, partner, ortaklık yapmak He gave up his job as a police officer after his partner was killed. The two companies are partners in a contract to build a new power station. He's a partner in an insurance company/a law firm.

 Period Süre, zaman

Her work means that she spends long periods away from home. Unemployment in the first half of 1993 was 2% lower than in the same period the year before. Fifteen people were killed in/over a period of four days. The study will be carried out over a six month period. Most teenagers go through a rebellious period. The house was built during the Ottoman period.


 Persist Devam etmek, sürmek If the pain persists, consult a doctor. The cold weather is set to persist throughout the week. If he persists in asking awkward questions, then send him to the boss. The government is persisting with its ambitious public works program.

René Descartes is regarded as the founder of modern philosophy. the philosophy of education/religion/science the Ancient Greek philosophy of Stoicism Live now, pay later that's my philosophy of life!

 Physical Fiziksel, kırıcı


 Perspective Perspektif, bakış açısı

 Philosophy Felsefe

Her attitude lends a fresh perspective to the subject. He writes from a professional perspective. Because of its geographical position, Germany's perspective on the situation in Eastern Europe is rather different from Britain's.

physical exercise /fitness / strength / disabilities I'm not a very physical sort of person ( I don't enjoy physical activities). The referee stepped in because the game had started to get a bit physical.

 Plus Artı, ve, ayrıca

C

 Phase Yavaş yavaş yerleştirmek

They will phase the new health care system in over a period of five years.

What is six plus four? The rent will be $75 a week, plus ( added to the cost of) gas and electricity. There will be two adults travelling, plus three children. Let's not go on holiday in August it'll be too hot plus it'll be more expensive.

D

r.

 Phenomenon Olay

w

w

w

Gravity is a natural phenomenon. Do you believe in the paranormal and other psychic phenomena? There's evidence to suggest that child abuse is not just a recent phenomenon.

 Policy Politika

He believes that Turkey needs a new foreign and security policy. What is your party's policy on economic development?


 Portion Bölüm, pay, porsiyon A large/major portion of the company's profit goes straight back into new projects. I accept my portion of the blame. The portions are very generous in this restaurant.

Elizabeth Quan is a Londonbased practitioner of traditional Chinese medicine. She was a medical practitioner ( a doctor) before she entered politics.

 Precede Önceden gelmek, halefi olmak, önüne koymak


 Pose Bir şeyden anlıyormuş gibi yapmak, poz vermek

 Practitioner Uygulayıcı

He doesn't really know a thing about the theatre he's just posing! We all posed for our photographs next to the Statue of Liberty.

Boutros BoutrosGhali preceded Kofi Annan as the SecretaryGeneral of the UN. It would be helpful if you were to precede the report with an introduction.

 Positive Pozitif, olumlu Two is a positive number.

C

NOTE: The opposite is negative.

 Potential Potansiyel, olası

w

w

w

D

r.

A number of potential buyers have expressed interest in the company. Many potential customers are waiting for a fall in prices before buying. The accident in the Bosphorus is a grim reminder of the potential dangers involved in oil transportation through the Straits. The region has enormous potential for economic development. I don't feel I'm achieving my full potential in my present job. [+ to infinitive] You have the potential to reach the top of your profession. I think this room has got a lot of potential ( could be very good if some changes were made to it).

 Precise Tam, doğru, tamı tamına

The bunker's precise location is a closely guarded secret. He caught me at the precise moment that I fainted. There was a good turnout for the meeting twelve of us to be precise.

 Predict Tahmin etmek

It's still not possible to accurately predict the occurrence of earthquakes. [+ that] Who could have predicted that within ten years he'd be in charge of the whole company? [+ to infinitive] The hurricane is predicted to reach the coast tomorrow morning. [+ question word] No one can predict when the earthquake will strike again.


 Predominant En önemli, fazla, göze çarpar Research forms the predominant part of my job. Dancers have a predominant role in this performance.

 Preliminary İlk, ön

It started cloudy, but then the sun came out and we all went to the park.

 Come round become conscious, wake up from anaesthetic (ayılmak) She came round and learned that the operation had been a complete success.


Preliminary results show that the vaccine is effective, but this has to be confirmed by further medical trials. We've decided to change the design based on our preliminary findings.

 Come out when the sun appears (ortaya çıkmak)

 Come through arrive (messages and information) (gelmek)

 Come on start functioning (machines, etc.) (çalışmaya başlamak)

C

The central heating comes on automatically an hour before I have to get up.

News is coming through of a major accident on the highway, where freezing fog has been making driving conditions extremely dangerous.

 Come out a secret is revealed (açıklanmak)

 Come to become conscious, wake up from anaesthetic (ayılmak)

r.

She came to an hour after the operation.

 Come to result in (geçmek)

w

D

The details of the scandal came out in the press and she had to resign.

The two men started arguing but they soon came to blows and started fighting in earnest.

w

w

 Come out be published or otherwise available to the public (piyasaya çıkmak) The band's new CD is coming out in September.

 Come up appear (iş çıkmak) I'll be late home tonight because something's come up at work has to be ready for tomorrow morning.


 Come up rise (the sun) (doğmak) The sun came up just as we reached the outskirts of the town.

 Come up against encounter problems or difficulties (karşılaşmak)

The police always crack down on drink driving offences over the Christmas period.

 Cross out put as line through some writing to show it is wrong (üzerini çizmek) She crossed out her mistakes and wrote the correct answers above them.


They came up against a lot of opposition to their plans for an outoftown supermarket development.

 Crack down use more authority than usual (yakalamak)

 Cut back reduce (azaltmak)

 Come up with think of a solution, excuse, etc. (bulmak)

The firm cut back production because sales were sluggish.

Nobody could come up with a satisfactory explanation for the accident.

C

 Cut back on reduce (azaltmak)

 Come upon find by chance (rastlamak)

No country is willing to cut back on the spending on its armed forces.

I came upon the book in a little second hand bookshop in Dorset.

r.

 Cut down consume less (azaltmak)

D

 Cool down get cooler (ılımak)

I'm trying to cut down the amount of coffee I drink during the day.

w

w

I left the tea for a minute until it had cooled down enough to drink.

w

 Count in include or involve (dahil etmek) If you're going on that skiing holiday, you can count me in; I'd love to go.

 Cut down on reduce (azaltmak) Doctors advised her to cut down on the amount of saturated fats in her diet.


 Cut off disconnect (kesmek) The telephone's been cut off because we didn't pay the bill.

 Cut off isolate or make inaccessible (kapatmak)

The reporters eventually dug up the truth about the affair.

 Do away with abolish, get rid of (kaldırmak) The United Kingdom did away with the death penalty in 1965.


The heavy snow has blocked many roads and cut off a number of villages.

 Dig up find something secret (sırrı ortaya çıkarmak)

 Cut out exclude (çıkarmak) I'm cutting out salt from my diet.

 Do up repair and renovate (onarmak)

It took them six months to do up the house before they could actually move in.

 Die away become quieter or inaudible (of a sound) (sona ermek)

C

The last notes died away and the audience burst into applause.

 Drag on be unnecessarily long (uzamak)

The meeting dragged on for two and a half hours.

r.

 Die down decrease or become quieter (azalmak)

 Draw up prepare a contract (hazırlamak)

The contract was drawn up by our solicitor.

w

D

It was on the front pages of all the papers for a few days, but the interest gradually died down.

w

w

 Die out become extinct or disappear (yok olmak) Some scientists say that the dinosaurs died out when a comet hit the earth and caused a nuclear winter.

 Dream of not think or consider (hayal etmek) I wouldn't even dream of telling her that.


 Dream up invent something, have an idea (geliştirmek) They dreamed up the scheme for the improvements and it was accepted by the board.

 Dress up dress very smartly (resmi giyinmek)

 Drink up finish a drink (içip bitirmek) Drink up, please; it's closing time.

C

 Drive off drive away from a place (araçla ayrılmak)

She slammed the car door shut and drove off without saying a word.

r.

 Drop in visit without having made arrangements (uğramak)

D

The program dwelled on little other than the scandal.

 Dwell upon spend a lot of time on something (üzerinde durmak) She dwelt upon the economic situation in her speech.


It's an informal party so there's no need to dress up.

 Dwell on spend a lot of time on something (üzerinde durmak)

Piere embarked on an MBA at Insead last autumn.

 Embark upon start a project or venture (başlamak)

Fernando has just embarked upon a completely new direction professionally.

 End up become or do something unplanned (sonunda)

We couldn't get tickets for Egypt so we ended up going to Turkey instead.

w

w

I was in the area so I dropped in at the office to see her.

 Embark on start a project or venture (başlamak)

w

 Drop out quit a course (bırakmak, ayrılmak) She dropped out of college and went straight into a good job.

 Enter for join or enter a competition (yarışa girmek) They entered for the national championship but weren't good enough.



1. results show that the vaccine is effective, but this has to be confirmed by further medical trials. B) Predominant D) Potential


A) Minor C) Preliminary E) Physical

2. The heavy snow has blocked many roads and a number of villages in Eastern Turkey.

w

w

w

D

r.

C

A) drawn up C) dug into E) come to

B) cut off D) copped out

3. This judge follows the letter of the law . A) physically B) philosophically C) precisely D) potentially E) optionally

4. If you're going on that skiing holiday, you can me in; I'd love to go. A) come C) figure E) end

B) count D) find


5. How is the government the budget losses resulting from the large amounts of interest payments? – Easily, by raising the prices of oil, cigarettes, and taxes.

10. The scandalous human rights report by the PrimeMinistercontrolled committee was on the front pages of all the papers for a few days, but the interest gradually .

A) modifying C) perceiving E) offsetting

A) cooled down C) dwelled on E) died down

6. The car manufacturing plant production because sales were sluggish. A) cut back C) file away E) cross out

B) counted in D) eked out


B) obtaining D) negating

B) fall back D) cut out

11. I his hesitation when a solo flight was suggested. A) orientated C) predicted E) obtained

B) occupied D) perceived

12. Castro’s speech at the public meeting for three hours.

A) modified C) followed E) offset

C

7. Süleyman Demirel Ahmet Necdet Sezer as the ninth President of Turkey. B) preceded D) inaugurated

A) dragged on C) died out E) finished off

B) cooled down D) fought off

A) do up C) cut down E) filter out

A) norm C) notion E) mode

B) drink up D) drop out

B) network D) motive

w

w

w

D

r.

8. He’s trying to the number of cigarettes he smokes during the day.

13. The program makers reject the that their reality shows on television reflect the realities of the social relations in the country.

9. What caught my attention was the of the clothes worn by the students. A) perception C) objective E) oddity

B) mode D) option

14. The news yesterday little other than the scandal surrounding the train accident. A) cut down on C) filed away E) eased up

B) dwelled on D) cracked down


15. The increase in our profits has been by the rising costs of running the business. A) occurred C) participated E) negated

B) overlapped D) persisted

A) did away C) egged on E) came to

B) entered for D) did away

C

B) offset D) perceived

18. The program little other than the scandal.

r.

w

w

w

19. The relations between the two countries are based on respect, trust and understanding. A) mutual C) parallel E) minor

B) notion D) norm

22. We all brainstormed, but none of us could a good plan on how we should proceed to the next stage in the project. A) embark on B) cut back C) drop in D) come up with E) do away with

B) dwelled on D) cracked down

D

A) cut down on C) filed away E) eased up

B) die out D) embark on

21. It's too early to predict the of the elections, but I hope the majority of the voters will come to their senses, and bring down the current government. A) output C) motive E) outcome

17. Do you know that the 90% of the food we consume every day is genetically ? A) orientated C) obtained E) modified

A) do away C) cut down E) draw up


16. Turkey with the death penalty in 1999.

20. Doctors advised her to on the amount of saturated fats in her diet.

B) minimum D) odd

23. If we capture the flag of the enemy, we will have gained our . A) mode C) objective E) network

B) option D) minimum

24. It took the government 5 years to the buildings that were destroyed during the earthquake. A) check in C) cut off E) come up

B) do up D) cut back


25. The reason your plan was refused seemed to me. A) neutral C) overall E) potential

B) obvious D) passive

30. Some scientists say that the dinosaurs when a comet hit the earth and caused a nuclear winter. A) did away with B) cut down C) dragged on D) embarked on E) died out

26. We the agreement only yesterday. B) ended up D) did up


A) drew up C) eased up E) cut down on

27. Note how the upper tiles the lower to keep the rain out. B) predict D) occupy

C

A) modify C) offset E) overlap

28. She in arguing her innocence. B) occurs D) perceives

D

r.

A) persists C) overlaps E) negates

w

w

A) mode C) phase E) phenomenon

w

29. A of the masonry fell into the street in the earthquake. B) option D) portion


 Prime En önemli, esas, en iyi ACADEMIC VOCABULARY FOR KPDS & ÜDS 8

 Presume Farzetmek, sanmak


[+ (that)] I presume (that) they're not coming, since they haven't replied to the invitation. [+ speech] You are Dr Smith, I presume? "Are we walking to the hotel?" "I presume not/so." [+ object + adjective] The boat's captain is missing, presumed dead ( it is believed that he is dead). In democratic law, you are presumed innocent until you are proved guilty. [+ object + to infinitive] The universe is presumed to contain many other planets with some form of life.

This is a prime example of 1930s architecture. the prime suspect in a murder investigation a prime source of evidence The president is a prime ( likely) target for the assassin's bullet. The hotel is in a prime location in the city center.

 Principal En önemli

Iraq's principal export is oil. He was principal dancer at the Dance Theatre of Harlem. That was my principal reason for moving.

C

 Principle Prensip, kural

 Previous Bir önceki, bundan önceki, eski

D

r.

The previous owner of the house had built an extension on the back. Training is provided, so no previous experience is required for the job. He has two daughters from a previous marriage.

the principles of the criminal justice system The country is run on socialist principles. The machine works according to the principle of electromagnetic conduction. The organization works on the principle that all members have the same rights.

 Prior Ön, önceki, önce

w

 Primary Esas, temel

w

w

The Red Cross's primary concern is to preserve and protect human life. The primary responsibility lies with those who break the law.

The course required no prior knowledge of Spanish. They had to refuse the dinner invitation because of a prior engagement ( something already planned for that time). the weeks prior to her death


 Priority Öncelik

C

 Proceed Devam etmek, sürdürmek, başlamak

w

D

r.

His lawyers have decided not to proceed with the case. Preparations for the festival are now proceeding smoothly. She sat down and proceeded to tell me about her skiing holiday. He told me he was on a diet and then proceeded to eat a plateful of chips! Passengers for Ankara should proceed to gate 126 for boarding.

w

 Process İşlemden geçmek, işleme koymak

w

Chris, you're a nurse, so can I ask your professional opinion on bandaging ankles? Both doctors have been charged with professional misconduct ( bad or unacceptable behavior in their work). It would look more professional if the letter was typed. She always looks very professional in her smart suits. You've done a very professional job stripping that floor! She's a professional dancer/photographer. He's a runner who's just turned professional. ( His running used to be a hobby, but now it is his job.) Room for rent in shared house would suit professional person. a bar full of young professional types in suits health professionals I thought the whole meeting was going to fall apart but you rescued it like a true professional! the consummate professional He's only been playing football as a professional for two years.


The management did not seem to consider office safety to be a priority. My first/top priority is to find somewhere to live. You have to learn to get your priorities right/straight ( decide which are the most important jobs or problems and deal with them first). Mending the lights is a priority task ( more important than other jobs). Banks normally give priority to large businesses when deciding on loans ( They deal with them first because they consider them most important). Official business requirements obviously take/have priority over personal requests ( Official business matters will be dealt with first).

 Professional Profesyonel, uzman, işle ilgili, ciddi

Visa applications take 28 days to process. a waste processing plant I need to get those films processed.

 Prohibit Yasaklamak, imkansız kılmak

Motor vehicles are prohibited from driving in the town centre. The government introduced a law prohibiting tobacco advertisements on TV. Parking is strictly prohibited between these gates. The loudness of the music prohibits serious conversation in most nightclubs.


 Project Planlamak [+ to infinitive] Government spending is projected to rise by 3% next year.

I think a certain amount of worry about work is very natural, but you've got to keep it in proportion ( judge correctly its seriousness).

 Promote Teşvik etmek, arttırmak, pazarlamak

 Prospect Olasılık, düşünce, aday Is there any prospect of the weather improving? There seems little prospect of an end to the dispute. [+ that] There's not much prospect that this war will be over soon. There's every prospect of success. The prospect of spending three whole days with her fills me with horror. I'm very excited at the prospect of seeing her again. We face the prospect of having to start all over again. We'll be interviewing four more prospects for the posts this afternoon.


Advertising companies are always having to think up new ways to promote products. The Institute is intended to promote an understanding of the politics and culture of the Arab world. Greenpeace works to promote awareness of the dangers that threaten our planet today. It has long been known that regular exercise promotes allround good health.

 Proportion Miktar, oran, denge

C

Children make up a large proportion of the world's population. A higher proportion of women now smoke than used to be the case. The report shows that poor families spend a larger proportion of their income on food. The proportion of women to men at my college was about five to one. The chart shows how weight increases in proportion to height ( the increase in weight depends on the increase in height). The level of crime in an area is almost always in direct proportion to the number of unemployed. Your legs are very much in proportion to ( the right size for) the rest of your body. His feet seem very small in proportion to his body. My head was much nearer the camera than the rest of me so I'm all out of proportion. You've got to keep a sense of proportion ( the ability to understand what is important and what is not).

 Protocol Protokol, Resmi Anlaşma

w

w

w

D

r.

The Geneva Protocol of 1925 prohibits the use of poisonous gases in war.

 Psychology Psikoloji

She studied psychology at Harvard. a lecturer in psychology child psychology the psychology of the soldier


 Publication Yayın


The brochure will be ready for publication in September. Will you arrange the publication of the names of the winners? When is the publication date ( When will the book be available to buy)? Our latest publication is a magazine for health enthusiasts.

for some time, but so far he has rejected all their offers. We will not be pursuing this matter any further. The police are currently pursuing several lines of inquiry into the case. I don't think this idea is worth pursuing any further. The press has pursued this story relentlessly. He's been pursuing her for months and yet she's so clearly not interested.

 Publish Yayınlamak, açıklamak

C

She's just had an article published in their weekend supplement. The Government publishes figures every six months showing how many people are unemployed. The names of the winners of the competition will be published in June. She was only 19 when her first novel was published.

 Purchase Satın almak

Is there any qualitative difference between these two video recorders?

 Quote Alıntı yapmak, demek, sözleri kullanmak

He's always quoting from his book. "If they're flexible, we're flexible", the official was quoted as saying. She worked, to quote her daughter, "as if there was no tomorrow". Can I quote you on that ( Can I repeat to other people what you have just said)?

w

D

r.

Tickets must be purchased two weeks in advance. Except under clearly defined circumstances, it is illegal in the US for a company to purchase its own shares. She purchased her first house with the money.

 Qualitative Kalite

He was known as a radical reformer/thinker/politician. These people have very radical views. She was a radical all her life.

w

w

 Pursue Takip etmek, izlemek, peşinde koşmak, ikna etmeye çalışmak, üzerinde çalışmak

 Radical Radikal, aşırı

The car was pursued by helicopters. The hunters spent hours pursuing their prey. He was killed by the driver of a stolen car who was being hotly pursued by the police. The company has been pursuing Holton

 Random Gelişigüzel, plansız random checks/tests/attacks We asked a random sample/selection of people what they thought.


 Range Çeşitlilik göstermek, değişmek Dress sizes range from petite to extra large. Prices range between $50 and $250.

 Ratio Oran


The ratio of men to women at the conference was ten to one/10:1. The school is trying to improve its pupil teacher ratio ( the number of teachers compared with the number of students).

She went into a coma and died without recovering consciousness. She was astonished to see me, but she soon recovered her composure/herself ( soon gave the appearance of being calm). It took a long time for the economy to recover ( improve) after the slump. Police only recover ( get back) a very small percentage of stolen goods. The initial outlay of setting up a company is considerable and it takes a while to recover those costs ( get back what you have spent).

 Refine Rafine etmek, geliştirmek

 Rational Rasyonel, aklı başında

C

He was too upset to be rational. a rational course of action/argument/explanation

 React Karşılık vermek, tepki vermek, reaksiyona girmek

 Regime Rejim, düzen

The old corrupt, totalitarian regime was overthrown. The regime in this office is hard work and more hard work.

w

w

D

r.

She slapped him and called him names, but he didn't react. The judge reacted angrily to the suggestion that it hadn't been a fair trial. Many people react (badly) to ( are made ill by) penicillin. Potassium reacts ( changes when mixed) with water.

Crude oil is industrially refined to purify it and separate out the different elements, such as benzene. Engineers spent many months refining the software.

w

 Recover Düzelmek, sağlığına kavuşmak, iyileşmek, geri almak It took her a long while to recover ( become completely well again) from/after her heart operation. He never really recovered from the shock of his wife dying ( He was never happy after his wife died).

 Region Bölge

the semidesert regions of Australia the Birmingham region He said he had sharp pains in the stomach region/the region of the stomach.


 Register Kaydetmek, kayıt yaptırmak I registered the car in my name. Within two weeks of arrival all foreigners had to register with the local police. Students have to register for the new course by the end of April.

first team ( He was not offered a place in the team). When she was sent to boarding school, she felt as though her parents had rejected her.

 Relax Dinlenmek, rahatlamak, rahat bırakmak, gevşetmek After work she relaxed with a cup of tea and the newspaper. A good massage will relax your tired muscles. He relaxed his grip on my arm ( He began to hold it less tightly). Two weeks after the police relaxed security at the airports, there was a bomb attack.


 Regulate Düzenlemek, düzene koymak You can regulate the temperature in the house by adjusting the thermostat. Her mother strictly regulates how much TV she can watch.

 Reinforce Güçlendirmek, takviye etmek

D

r.

C

The pockets on my jeans are reinforced with double stitching. The final technical report into the accident reinforces the findings of initial investigations. His behavior merely reinforced my dislike of him. The garrison is to be reinforced with/by another two battalions of soldiers.

w

 Reject Kabul etmemek, reddetmek, geri çevirmek

w

w

The appeal was rejected by the High Court. Coinoperated machines in England reject Irish money. The prime minister rejected the suggestion that it was time for him to resign. I applied for a job as a mechanic in a local garage, but I was rejected ( I was not offered the job). The football coach rejected him for the

 Release Bırakmak, çıkarmak, kurtarmak, çekmek, (dışarı) atmak, yayınlamak, piyasaya çıkarmak

He was released from prison after serving two years of a fiveyear sentence. She was arrested for shoplifting but was released on bail ( after paying a sum of money to the law court). The operation released him from years of pain. He released the handbrake and the car jumped forwards. The plane released its bombs at 10 000 feet. Coal power stations release sulphur dioxide into the atmosphere. Hormones are released from glands into the bloodstream. He punched the pillow in an effort to release his anger. Police have released a picture of the man they want to question. The minister has released a statement explaining the reasons for his resignation.


 Relevant Uygun, gerekli, ilgili, önemli Education should be relevant to the child's needs. For further information, please refer to the relevant leaflet. The point is highly relevant to this discussion. I'm sorry but your personal wishes are not relevant ( important) in this case.

 Require İstemek, gerekmek, gerektirmek, ihtiyacı olmak Please telephone this number if you require any further information. Skiing at 80 miles per hour requires total concentration. [+ object + to infinitive] Bringing up children often requires you to put their needs first. You are required by law to stop your car after an accident. [+ that] The rules require that you bring only one guest to the dinner.


NOTE: The opposite is irrelevant.

jacket. They decided to remove their son from the school. Hearing your opinion has removed my last doubts/suspicions about her.

 Reluctance İsteksizlik

I accepted his resignation with great reluctance. [+ to infinitive] Her reluctance to talk to the press was quite understandable.

C

 Rely Gerektirmek, dayanmak, güvenmek

She's researching into possible cures for AIDS. Journalists were frantically researching the new Prime Minister's background, family and interests.

 Pick up learn quickly (hemen öğrenmek)

She picked up Spanish in six months.

w

w

w

D

r.

[+ ing form of verb] The success of this project relies on everyone making an effort. I rely on you for good advice. [+ to infinitive] I'm relying on the garage to fix the car by tomorrow. İstanbul’s weather can never be relied on it's always changing. [+ ing form of verb] Don't rely on finding me here when you get back ( I might have gone).

 Research Araştırmak, araştırma yapmak

 Remove Alıp götürmek, ortadan kaldırmak The men came to remove the rubbish from the backyard. This detergent will remove even old stains. It got so hot that he removed his tie and

 Pile up accumulate (çoğalmak) Work just keeps on piling up and I really can't manage to get it all done.


·

Play down try to make something seem less important (önemsiz göstermek)

The Government has tried to play down the importance of the minister's resignation.

She just pushed in the line in front of me at the supermarket checkout.

 Put away put something back in the correct place (yerine koymak) He put the dictionary away on the shelf after he'd finished the crossword.


 Point out make someone aware of something (belirtmek)

 Push in get in a line without waiting (önüne geçmek)

He pointed out that I only had two weeks to get the whole thing finished.

 Put in install (koymak)

 Pull away when a vehicle moves from a place (ayrılmak)

C

The car pulled away from the lights at high speed.

 Pull in when a train arrives at a station (gelmek)

r.

The train pulled in and we rushed to meet her as she got off.

w

D

 Pull off manage to do something difficult or tricky (başarmak)

They had to put in a whole new central heating system because the house was so cold.

 Put off postpone (iptal etmek)

The concert's been put off until next month because the singer's got a throat infection.

 Put off stop liking something or somebody (tiksindirmek)

I was really put off by the way he eats with his mouth open.

w

w

No one thought that she would be able to do it, but she pulled it off in the end.

 Pull up slow and stop a car (çekmek) The cab pulled up outside my house and I got out.

 Put on get fat (şişmanlamak) He's put on a lot of weight since he gave up smoking.


 Put out broadcast (yayınlamak) Several charities put out an appeal on TV for money for the victims of the flooding in Mozambique.

 Put out extinguish a cigarette, fire, etc. (söndürmek)

 Run away Escape from people chasing you (kaçmak) He ran away from his attackers.

 Run down hit a pedestrian with a vehicle (ezmek) The cab ran him down on the crossing.


He put out his cigarette before entering the building.

 Run down lose energy or power (bitmek)

 Put through connect someone by phone (bağlamak)

You should only recharge the battery when it has fully run down.

Could you put me through to extension 259 please?

 Run into cost (patlamak)

C

 Put up with tolerate (tahammül etmek)

The project has run into millions of dollars without any prospect of a return on this investment.

I can't put up with my neighbor's noise any longer; it's driving me mad.

 Run into meet by accident (rastlamak)

D

r.

 Read out read aloud rather than silently (sesli okumak)

I ran into James in a bar in the city on Friday.

w

w

The teacher read out the names of the students who'd passed.

w

 Rule out exclude (hariç bırakmak)

 Run on be powered by (çalışmak) The van runs on diesel.

The Government quickly ruled out the possibility of a relaxation of the law.  Run out of have none left (kalmamak) We've run out of sugar; I'm going to the shops for some.


 Run over hit with a vehicle (araçla ezmek) The driver couldn't stop in time and ran the fox over when it ran in front of his car.

 Run through practice a dramatic work like a play quickly (prova etmek)

The police quickly saw through her disguise and arrested her.

 See to deal with something (halletmek) He saw to the arrangements and everything ran smoothly and efficiently.


The cast ran through the play the day before it opened to the public.

 See through realize someone is lying or being deceitful (anlamak)

 Save up for money for a particular purpose (para biriktirmek) He's saving up to buy a car.

C

 See into accompany someone into an office (içeri geçirmek)

 Sell out have no more of something left because it has been bought (satılıp bitmek)

The tickets for the concert at the Brixton Academy sold out in a couple of hours.

 Sell out sell all available tickets (satılıp bitmek)

Her secretary saw me into her office.

The concert completely sold out months in advance.

D

r.

 See off go to the airport, station, etc., to say goodbye to someone (geçirmek)

 Send back return something (geri göndermek)

I sent my food back because it was overcooked.

w

w

I went to the station to see them off.

w

 See through continue with something to the end (sonuna kadar gitmek) They had a lot of difficulties in implementing the project, but the team saw it through successfully.

 Send for ask someone to come and help (çağırmak) I had to send for a plumber because the radiator was leaking.


 Send in order people into a place to handle a problem (göndermek) The police were sent in to quell the riot as the protesters had started burning cars and wrecking shops.

 Send in write to get information (istemek)

 Set off explode a bomb (patlatmak) Terrorists set off a car bomb in the city centre last night. Fortunately, noone was hurt or killed.

 Set off ring an alarm (başlatmak)


The smoke set the fire alarm off.

If you want to enter the competition, you have to send in for an entry form.

 Set off start a journey (yola çıkmak)

 Set about start doing something (başlamak)

C

We set about the cleaning and got it done before lunchtime.

 Set aside overturn a court verdict or decision (bozmak)

D

r.

The Appeal Court set aside the guilty verdict because the evidence was unsatisfactory and declared her not guilty.

 Set back cost (patlamak)

w

w

w

The car repairs set me back eight hundred pounds.

 Set in change season noticeably (başlamak) Winter has set in; it's started snowing.

We set off for work at seventhirty.



1. If you overdraw your account without arrangement, you will automatically be charged a higher rate of interest. B) strict D) voluntary


A) prior C) steady E) residential

2. Once you start on something, you should .

C

A) see it through B) run it through C) put it out D) pick it up E) pile it up

w

w

w

D

r.

3. A turnstile entry through the exit doors. A) prohibits C) benefits E) promises

B) passes D) pollutes

4. If we such a course, we are certain to achieve what we want. A) promise C) proceed E) purchase

B) premise D) pursue


5. It's time you deciding what you want to do for a living.

10. The bookshelf needs to be with another bracket, or it'll fall down.

A) set about C) pick up E) set aside

A) published C) reinforced E) pursued

B) put off D) run into

B) purchased D) presumed

6. Let me to you the relevant passage from her latest academic work.

11. Why do you his outrageous behavior?

A) prohibit C) quote E) suggest

A) quieten down C) put up with E) scare off

B) put up D) send in


B) presume D) purchase

7. The Constitutional Court has the ruling of the lower court.

12. Ayla's suggestion is not strictly to our plans.

A) put off C) ran through E) pulled away

A) prime C) relevant E) random

C

B) set aside D) sent for

B) qualitative D) reluctant

8. A selection of slips was drawn from the hat and Madelaine's name was on one of them.

13. I am on the fact that interest rates are likely to stay at their present levels.

A) prime C) qualitative E) radical

A) relying C) pursuing E) recovering

D

r.

B) prior D) random

w

A) run into C) run down E) run over

w

w

9. Once the batteries , we will no longer be able to transmit a distress signal. B) set off D) run on

B) presuming D) quoting

14. He has always his role in the success of our company. A) pulled off C) played down E) put in

B) picked up D) pulled away


15. She the fallacy in his argument. A) pointed out C) put up E) put out

B) put through D) run away

20. He the dictionary on the shelf after he'd finished looking up several words in it. A) put away C) set about E) pulled in

B) sold out D) set off

16. It was that membership fees should be raised. B) prohibited D) reacted

17. Only a few people have to the charity appeals for the victims of the tsunami disaster in Southeast Asia.

B) registered D) rejected

C

A) removed C) reinforced E) responded

21. Due to the terrorist incident in Beslan the visit of the Russian President to Turkey was till December.


A) presumed C) resolved E) refined

A) pointed out C) pushed in E) put down

B) pulled off D) put back

22. The program committee Bilecik as the site of next year's conference. A) saw through C) put off E) set off

B) ruled out D) pulled away

18. Three men the bank robbery in broad daylight.

B) saved up D) saw through

D

r.

A) ran over C) saw into E) pulled off

w

w

A) prospect C) priority E) proportion

A) principle C) priority E) range

B) process D) publication

w

19. The applications for aid will be processed in order of .

23. The Minister of Finance is trying to broaden the of his influence in the Cabinet.

B) reference D) scarcity

24. We are gas, so we’d better stop by the next station and pump in some gas? A) sending for B) pulling in C) putting out D) running out of E) running into


25. The for his academic advancement at the department are excellent. A) profits C) processes E) phases

B) prospects D) outlays

30. Consideration of your request has been till tomorrow. A) put towards C) put off E) scared off

B) put up with D) ripped off

A) piled up C) set aside E) pulled away


26. The cast the play the day before it opened to the public. B) picked up D) ran through

27. The colonists, refugees from England, began to settle the New World in the 17th century. B) properly D) precisely

C

A) reluctantly C) primarily E) notoriously

28. I have a taxi which should be here shortly.

r.

B) pulled in D) sent out

D

A) pulled away C) sent for E) ran over

w

A) susceptible C) sparse E) prime

w

w

29. Arthur is certainly a candidate for the position. B) primitive D) sensitive



 Reside Oturmak, ikamet etmek, birine ait olmak


The family now resides in southern France. The power to sack employees resides in the Board of Directors.

 Resolve Çözmek, karar vermek

C

Have you resolved the problem of transport yet? The couple resolved their differences and made an effort to get along. [+ that] She resolved that she would never speak to him again. [+ adverb or preposition] After hours of argument, they resolved against taking legal action. [+ to infinitive] The company resolved to take no further action against the thieves.

r.

 Resource Donatmak

w

w

D

The school must be properly resourced with musical instruments and audio equipment.

 Respond Yanıt vermek, cevaplamak

w

How did she respond to the news? [+ that] When the tax office wrote to me demanding unpaid income tax, I responded that I had been working abroad since 1998. The police respond to emergencies ( arrive and are ready to deal with emergencies) in just a few minutes. It remains to be seen whether the cancer will respond to treatment. For patients who do not respond to drug treatment, surgery is a possible option.

[+ speech] To every question, he responded "I don't know." I asked her what the time was, but she didn't respond. He responded by marching off and slamming the door behind him.

 Restore Restore etmek, eski haline döndürmek/kavuşturmak, eski yerine koyulmak

The badly neglected paintings have all been carefully restored. After a week in bed, she was fully restored to health ( she felt healthy again). The former leader was today restored to power in the first free elections for twenty years. Doctors have restored his sight. The government is trying to restore public confidence in its management of the economy. Some people are in favor of restoring capital punishment for murderers. The painting was restored to its rightful owner.

 Restrain Tutmak, kontrol etmek, kontrol altında tutmak When he started fighting, it took four police officers to restrain him. She was so angry that she could hardly restrain herself. You should try to restrain your ambitions and be more realistic. Growth in car ownership could be restrained by increasing taxes.


 Restrict Kısıtlamak, sınırlandırmak, sınırlamak measures to restrict the sale of alcohol The government has restricted freedom of movement into and out of the country. Having small children really restricts your social life.

The new manager hoped to reverse the decline in the company's fortunes. Now that you have a job and I don't, our situations are reversed. The Court of Appeal reversed the earlier judgment and set him free.

 Revise Değiştirmek, yeniden düzenlemek


 Retain Elinde tutmak, muhafaza etmek

 Reverse Geri çevirmek, tersine çevirmek

C

She has lost her battle to retain control of the company. He managed to retain his dignity throughout the performance. She succeeded in retaining her lead in the second half of the race. I have a good memory and am able to retain ( remember) facts easily. The sea retains the sun's warmth longer than the land.

His helpfulness today has made me revise my original opinion/impression of him. His publishers made him revise his manuscript three times.

 Revolution Devrim

a technological revolution Penicillin produced a revolution in medicine.

 Reveal Açıklamak, ortaya çıkarmak

w

w

D

r.

He was jailed for revealing secrets to the terrorists. [+ that] Her biography revealed that she was not as rich as everyone thought. [+ question word] He would not reveal where he had hidden her chocolate eggs. A gap in the clouds revealed the Atlantic far below.

w

 Revenue Gelir

Taxes provide most of the government's revenue. Government revenues fell dramatically.

 Rigid Sert, kaskatı, kesin, keskin, değişmez

a rigid steel and concrete structure I was rigid with ( stiff and unable to move because of) fear. We were disappointed that they insisted on such a rigid interpretation of the rules.

 Role Rol What is his role in this project? Schools play an important role in society. Six people have been put on trial for their role ( involvement) in the anti government demonstrations.


 Route Yönlendirmek Deliveries are routed via/by way of Ulus.

 Scenario Senaryo, durum

the sports section of the newspaper the tail section of an aircraft Does the restaurant have a nonsmoking section? The poorest sections of the community have much worse health. He was charged under section 17 of the Firearms Act ( according to that part of the law).


There are several possible scenarios. a horrific/nightmare scenario such as a Third World War The study concludes that in a worst case scenario there might be up to 80, 000 human infections in Britain arising from BSE beef.

 Section Kısım, bölüm

 Schedule Programlamak

C

The meeting has been scheduled for tomorrow afternoon. [+ to infinitive] The train is scheduled to arrive at 8.45, but it's running twenty minutes late.

 Sector Sektör

In the financial sector, banks and insurance companies have both lost a lot of money. The new government's policy is to transfer state industries from the public sector to the private sector.

 Secure Güvenliğini sağlamak, sağlama/güvenceye almak, bir şeyi zorla elde etmek

 Scheme Kumpas kurmak, şema

w

D

r.

All her ministers were scheming against her [+ to infinitive] For months he had been scheming to prevent her from getting the top job.

The building has only one main entrance and would be easy to secure (against/from intruders). This form of investment is an excellent way of securing your children's financial future. He was disappointed by his failure to secure the top job with the bank. The change in the law will make it harder for the police to secure convictions.

w

 Scope Alan, boyut

w

I'm afraid that problem is beyond/outside the scope of my lecture. Oil painting does not come within the scope of a course of this kind. We would now like to broaden/widen the scope of the enquiry and look at more general matters.  Seek Aramak, çalışmak


"Are you actively seeking jobs?" she asked. Hundreds of dissidents are seeking refuge/asylum in the US embassy. Legal advice should be sought before you take any further action. They sought to reassure the public.

 Select Seçmek

 Sex Cinsiyet, cins What sex is your cat? Some tests enable you to find out the sex of your baby before it's born. It's illegal to discriminate against people on the basis of (their) sex. She accused her employer of sex discrimination ( of treating her unfairly because she was a woman). She seems to regard all members of the male sex as inferior. Members of the opposite sex are not allowed in students' rooms overnight.

C


There was a choice of four prizes, and the winner could select one of them. A mouse is a device which makes it easier to select different options from computer menus. How do you select people for promotion? [+ object + to infinitive] He was selected to play for Turkey at the age of only 18. The supermarket's policy is to select out ( choose) the best fruit and discard the rest.

They do a series on architecture throughout the ages.

 Sequence Sıra, sıralama

She shifted (her weight) uneasily from one foot to the other. The wind is expected to shift (to the east) tomorrow. Media attention has shifted recently onto environmental issues. In cars that are automatics, you don't have to bother with shifting gears.

w

D

r.

The first chapter describes the strange sequence of events that lead to his death. Is there a particular sequence in which you have to perform these tasks? For the sake of convenience the photographs are shown in chronological sequence ( in the order in which they were taken).

 Shift Değiştirmek, değişmek

w

 Series Seri, birkaç

w

There has been a series of sexual attacks on women in the area. She gave a series of lectures at Bilkent University last year on contemporary Turkish writers. The Yankees have a fourgame series against the Orioles at home, after which they start a twoweek road trip.

 Significant Önemli, farkedilir

There has been a significant increase in the number of women students in recent years. The talks between the USA and the USSR were very significant for the relationship between the two countries.

 Similar Benzer


My father and I have similar views on politics. I bought some new shoes which are very similar to a pair I had before. Paul is very similar in appearance to his brother.

 Simulate Simüle etmek, temsil etmek

 Somewhat Biraz, birazcık The resort has changed somewhat over the last few years. She's somewhat more confident than she used to be. We were somewhat tired after our long walk.


In cheap furniture, plastic is often used to simulate wood. Ruth simulated pleasure at seeing Simon, but really she wished he hadn't come. Some driving teachers use computers to simulate ( represent) different road conditions for learners to practise on.

My sole objective is to make the information more widely available. The sole survivor of the accident was found in the water after six hours. She has sole responsibility for the project. I have sole charge of both children all day.

 Source Kaynak

 Site Yer, alan

C

a building site The council haven't yet chosen the site for the new hospital. This is the site of the accident.

r.

 socalled Sözüm ona, adına “…” denilen

w

w

w

D

It was one of his socalled friends who supplied him with the drugs that killed him. It isn't yet clear how destructive this so called 'super virus' is.

a source of heat/energy/light a heat/energy/light source Oranges are a good source of vitamin C. Experts are trying to track down the source of the contamination in the water supply. We walked up the river to its source in the hills. Money is often a source of tension and disagreements in young married couples. The journalist refused to reveal her sources ( say who had given the information to her). According to Government sources ( people in the Government) many MPs are worried about this issue. Always acknowledge your sources ( say which books you have used) at the end of an essay.

 Sole Tek, bütün  Specific Özel, tek tür


The virus attacks specific cells in the brain. The money is intended to be used for specific purposes. FORMAL The disease seems to be specific to ( only found in) certain types of plant. Is there anything specific you want from the shops?

The city's most shocking statistic is its high infant mortality rate.

 Status Statü The association works to promote the status of retired people as useful members of the community. There has been an increase in applications for refugee status. The success of her book has given her unexpected celebrity status. Applicants should have a degree or a qualification of equal status.


 Specify Açıkça söylemek, belli etmek, belirlemek

 Statistic İstatistik

 Straightforward Kolay, basit

Just follow the signs to Bradford it's very straightforward.

C

He said we should meet but didn't specify a time. The peace treaty clearly specifies the terms for the withdrawal of troops. [+ question word] The newspaper report did not specify how the men were killed. [+ (that)] My contract specifies (that) I must give a month's notice if I leave my job. The loan must be repaid within a specified period/by a specified date.

 Strategy Strateji

Sphere Alan

w

D

r.

the political sphere The minister said that the government planned to develop exchanges with other countries, particularly in cultural, scientific and economic spheres.

The president held an emergency meeting to discuss military strategy with his defence commanders yesterday. Their marketing strategy for the product involves obtaining as much free publicity as possible. [+ to infinitive] We're working on new strategies to improve our share of the market.

w

 Stable Dengeli, düzenli

w

If the foundations of the house aren't stable, collapse is possible. After several parttime jobs, he's now got a stable job in a bank. The hospital said she was in a stable condition ( not likely to get worse) following the operation. She seems more stable these days.

 Stress Stres, baskı People under a lot of stress may experience headaches, minor pains and sleeping difficulties.


Yoga is a very effective technique for combating stress. the stresses and strains of the job stressrelated illness She's been feeling very stressed since she started her new job. I was really stressed out before the exam.

He left the routine checks to one of his subordinates. Her personal life has been subordinated to her career.

 Subsequent Sonraki, müteakip  Structure Yapılandırmak


We must carefully structure and rehearse each scene. a wellstructured argument

The book discusses his illness and subsequent resignation from the government. Those explosions must have been subsequent to our departure, because we didn't hear anything.

 Style Stil, metod, yöntem, … türü

The company received a substantial government subsidy. The government is planning to abolish subsidies to farmers.

C

Jones favours a dynamic, handson style of management. His office is very utilitarian in style, with no decoration. suffix Japanesestyle management antiquestyle furniture

 Subsidy Sübvansiyon, maddi yardım

 Substitute Yerine koymak, yerine geçmek

r.

 Submit Vermek, teslim etmek, fikrinde olmak

w

w

w

D

You must submit your application before January 1st. The developers submitted building plans to the council for approval. In conclusion, I submit that the proposal will not work without some major changes.

You can substitute oil for butter in this recipe. Dayton was substituted for Williams in the second half of the match. Gasfired power stations will substitute for less efficient coalfired equipment.

 Subordinate Alt, altında, ikincil, ast, önceliği olmamak a subordinate role subordinate status The individual's needs are subordinate to those of the group.

 Successor Selef, sonra gelen Oxford Brookes University is seeking a successor to its vicechancellor who retires this Easter. This range of computers is very fast, but their successors will be even faster.


 Sufficient Yeterli, yeterince This recipe should be sufficient for five people. It was thought that he'd committed the crime but there wasn't sufficient evidence to convict him. "Would you like some more stew?" "No thanks, I've had sufficient."

He got out of the car to survey the damage. She has written a book which surveys ( describes in detail) the history of feminism. Before the new railway was built, its route was carefully surveyed. If a building is surveyed, it is examined carefully by a specially trained person, in order to discover whether there is anything wrong with its structure.


NOTE: The opposite is insufficient.

 Survey İncelemek, göz atmak, göz gezdirmek

 Sum Anlamını ortaya koymak, göstermek

For me, her paintings sum up the restless spirit of America.

 Summary Özet, özetlemek

C

I'll just summarize the main points of the argument in a few words if I may. At the end of the news, they often give you a summary of the main news stories.

r.

 Supplement Ek, eklemek, fazladan, ekstra, ek olarak

The baby was born with a heart problem and only survived for a few hours. These plants cannot survive in very cold conditions. None of Shakespeare's plays survives in its original manuscript form. The family are struggling to survive on very little money. The front passengers were lucky to survive the accident. The prime minister succeeded in surviving the challenge to his authority. "How are you?" "Oh, (I'm) surviving ( life is satisfactory, but not very good)." He is survived by his wife and four children.

w

w

w

D

The doctor said she should be taking vitamin supplements. The money I get from teaching evening classes provides a supplement to my main income. We paid a supplement ( an extra amount of money) so that we could have a cabin on board the ship. The newspaper publishes a sports supplement every Monday. There is a supplement to the dictionary containing new words.

 Survive Hayatta kalmak, sağlam kalmak, canlı kalmak, geçinmek, geride bırakmak

 Face up to accept an unpleasant truth (kabul etmek) Many people find it hard to face up to the fact that they are getting old.


 Fall back retreat (geri çekilmek) The army fell back after losing the battle.

 Fall down fall on the ground (düşmek)

 Fall out lose hair (saçı dökülmek) He's started getting worried about baldness because his hair is falling out rather quickly.

I slipped on the ice and fell down.


 Fall over fall on the ground (yere düşmek)

 Fall down have a weak point (zayıflamak)

The argument falls down when you look at how much it'll cost.

 Fall for believe a lie or a piece of deception (inanmak)

C

He fell for my story and allowed me yet another extension for the submission of my thesis.

I slipped on the ice and fell over.

 Fall through be unsuccessful (bozulmak)

The plans fell through when planning permission was refused.

 Fathom out understand something (anlamak)

I couldn't fathom out what she wanted from me.

r.

 Fall in collapse (yıkılmak)

D

The ceiling fell in hurting a lot of people.

w

 Fall off decrease (düşmek)

 Feel up to feel capable of doing something (canı istemek)

I'm so tired. I don't think I feel up to going out tonight.

w

w

The membership fell off dramatically when the chairperson resigned.

 Fall out argue and be on bad terms with someone (bozuşmak) They fell out over the decision and hardly speak to each other any more.

 Fight off fight an attacker and force them back (geri püskürtmek) The old lady managed to fight the muggers off and they didn't get her purse.


 Figure out find the answer to a problem (anlamak) The police couldn't figure out how the burglars had got into the warehouse.

 Fill in complete a form (doldurmak)

They finished off all the chocolates and had to go to the allnight garage to buy some more.

 Fit in get on in a group of people (uyuşmak) I didn't fit in with the other people working there so I left and found another job.


I filled in the application form and posted it off.

 Finish off finish completely (bitirmek)

 Fill out complete a form (doldurmak)

I filled out the application form and mailed it.

 Fit in have enough time or space for something (zamanı olmak)

I didn't have time to fit in another appointment.

C

 Fill up fill something completely (doldurmak) I stopped at the garage and filled up with gas.

 Fix up make an arrangement (randevü almak)

He fixed up an appointment for me to see a specialist.

D

r.

 Filter out remove something unwanted (süzmek)

 Flesh out add more details or information (detaylandırmak)

The recent government report fleshed out the draft proposals.

w

w

It filters out all the impurities and chemicals in tap water so that it tastes better.

w

 Find out discover (bulmak) I went to the library to find out all I could about the life and work of Joe Meek.

 Focus on concentrate (odaklanmak) The report focuses on the company's weak points.


 Fold up make a sheet of paper smaller (katlamak) Darren folded up the letter and put it in an envelope.

 Get around become known (öğrenilmek)

We love to get away from everything and relax in the country.

 Get away with not get caught doing something wrong (kaçıp gitmek) Thieves got away with two Picassos, which were never found.


It didn't take long for the news to get around once it got into the newspapers.

 Get away go on holiday or for a short break (uzaklaşmak)

 Get around to finally manage to do something (sonunda yapmak)

 Get back return (dönmek)

It always takes me ages to get around to replying to letters.

The train was held up so we didn't get back home until midnight.

C

 Get at criticize (eleştirmek) His boss is always getting at him for arriving late.

 Get by have just enough money to live on (kıt kanaat geçinmek)

They're finding it increasingly difficult to get by since their daughter was born.

r.

 Get at mean (demek istemek)

 Get down make someone depressed (depresyona sokmak)

The miserable weather in winter really gets me down.

w

w

w

D

What do you think she's getting at? I've no idea what she wants.

 Get away escape (kaçmak) The robbers got away in a stolen car, which the police later found abandoned.

 Get down to start work (çalışmaya başlamak) I find it extremely difficult to get down to doing any revision for examinations.


 Get in arrange for someone to do a job (getirtmek) The air conditioning has broken down; we'll have to get a technician in to fix it.

 Get in arrive (train, plane, etc.) (gelmek)

 Get on continue doing something (devam etmek) The teacher asked the pupils to get on with some work quietly as she had to leave the classroom.

 Get on enter a bus, train, plane, etc. (binmek)

Her plane gets in at 2am our time.


We got on the train at Plymouth and went up to London.

 Get in arrive home (eve gelmek)

She didn't get in till well after twelve o'clock because she'd been out for a few drinks with her mates.

C

 Get in enter a car or taxi (binmek)

 Get on make progress (ilerlemek)

How are you getting on with your Spanish lessons?

 Get on with have a good relationship (geçinmek)

The taxi pulled up and we got in.

Fortunately, I get on well with my boss.

r.

 Get off escape punishment (yakayı sıyırmak)

I said I wasn't feeling well and got out of the extra work.

w

D

He got off on a technicality and left the court a free man.

 Get out of avoid doing something you dislike (yırtmak)

w

w

 Get off leave a bus, train, etc. (inmek) We got off the bus and walked to my house.

 Get out of leave a car, van, etc. (inmek) We got out of the taxi and paid the driver.


 Get over recover (atlatmak)

 Get together meet socially (buluşmak)

It took me ages to get over the bout of flu. We got together in the pub for a drink.  Get over with do something unpleasant rather than delaying it any more (yapıp bitirmek)

I get up at seven o'clock on weekdays, but lie in till noon at the weekend.


I got the test over with rather than have to worry about it any longer.

 Get up get out of bed

 Get up organize (ayarlamak)

 Get round persuade someone (ikna etmek) She didn't want to let me do it, but I succeeded in getting round her.

C

 Get round to finally manage to do something (halletmek) It always takes me ages to get round to writing letters.

r.

 Get through contact (irtibat kurmak)

 Get up to do something wrong or naughty (karışmak)

The children are always getting up to some trouble or other.

 Give away tell a secret (belli etmemek)

She didn't give anything away about the party so it came as a complete surprise to me.

w

D

I tried calling her mobile phone, but I couldn't get through.

They got up a list of two hundred people who were opposed to the local council's plans.

w

w

 Get to annoy, irritate (canını sıkmak) Don't let her get to you; she's just in a bad mood.

 Give back return something you've borrowed (geri vermek) I gave her back the twenty pounds she'd lent to me.


 Give in stop doing something because it's too hard or requires too much energy (vazgeçmek) I couldn't finish the crossword puzzle and had to give in and look at the answers.

 Give in submit homework, etc. (teslim etmek)


The projects have to be given in three weeks before we break up for the end of term.

 Give off emit pollution or something else unpleasant (çıkarmak, yaymak)

C

The police stopped the van because it was giving off a lot of black smoke.

 Give out distribute (dağıtmak)

w

w

w

D

r.

Somebody was giving leaflets out in front of the underground station.



1. This type of soil little water. B) emits D) retains


A) remains C) consists E) retaliates

2. I never quite the purpose of this device.

C

A) fathomed out C) filtered out E) eyed up

3. It was that membership fees should be raised.

w

w

D

r.

A) reflected C) returned E) restrained

w

B) filled in D) folded up

B) repelled D) resolved

4. This company would be improved if we could the undesirable elements. A) filter out C) get at E) fire away

B) fit in D) face up


5. They said that they would not rest until they had the rightful king on the throne. A) responded C) restored E) resigned

B) remained D) retained

10. The superior tribunal the decision of the lowercourt judge. A) retaliated C) reversed E) resisted

B) reflected D) responded

11. The idea is good, but it needs .

A) get in C) find out E) get round

A) filling out B) fleshing out C) falling out D) getting round E) getting over


6. At the meeting I didn't want to bring up the budgetary problems we have been facing, but my coworkers managed to me to do so. B) give off D) filter out

12. observance of the regulations produced the desired results.

7. Education is the best way of your children's future. B) securing D) seeking

B) get at D) fire away

w

D

r.

8. The line was busy and I couldn’t to my supervisor. A) get through C) get over E) fathom out

B) Regretful D) Revered

C

A) selecting C) secluding E) stimulating

A) Ridiculous C) Rigid E) Rhetorical

w

w

9. The pollution in Ankara is caused by most slums burning bad quality coal and a lot of black smoke into the air. A) giving off C) getting off E) getting through

B) giving in D) firing away

13. After trying for hours to make him change his mind, I finally and left the meeting. A) gave way C) got at E) gave in

B) filled out D) figured out

14. His new job is to that of purchasing director. A) sufficient C) sectoral E) rigid

B) selective D) subordinate


15. I went to the library to all I could about the life and work of Albert Einstein. A) fill out C) get out E) give out

B) filter out D) find out

16. I will for you while you are away. B) secure D) reverse

17. She just didn't understand what I was .

B) getting at D) getting to

C

A) falling back C) getting away E) getting through

A) score C) section E) scope

B) sector D) scheme

21. Zorlu’s attempt, together with an unknown Russian company, to buy off TUPRAS has .


A) suffice C) substitute E) succeed

20. The of her interests includes both the sciences and the arts.

A) fired away C) fitted in E) fought off

B) fallen through D) found out

22. His description conflicts with the of events as recorded by the video camera. A) sector C) selection E) supplement

B) series D) sequence

18. They published several historical novels in quick .

B) selection D) supplement

D

r.

A) succession C) substitution E) summary

23. Can you what this article is trying to say? A) fire away C) figure out E) get in

B) fall through D) get by

w

w

A) fall back C) face up E) finish off

w

19. We must all to our own shortcomings.

B) fall down D) fill in

24. As Susan is the surviving heir, she has the right to sell the house if she wishes. A) socalled C) specific E) sufficient

B) sole D) stable


25. Without distractions, we can the problem at hand. A) fit in C) fall through E) give out

B) focus on D) fill out

30. The from the illegal drug and arms sales operations must run into billions of US dollars throughout the world. A) revenues C) references E) restorations

B) restrictions D) reasons

26. Lately I have been working like a dog, so I must for a few days. B) fire away D) filter out


A) get in C) figure out E) get away

27. Smoking is allowed only in areas.

B) restricted D) rested

C

A) restored C) remained E) secured

28. Though they are newlyweds, they find it hard to with each other. B) get at D) get on

D

r.

A) get by C) give in E) get over

w

w

A) restored C) revealed E) revamped

w

29. The increasing light of dawn a noman'sland of utter devastation. B) rested D) repelled



 Suspend Durdurmak, askıya almak, uzaklaştırma cezası vermek

C

r.

D

 Sustain Devam ettirmek, kabul etmek, geçindirmek

w

w

The economy looks set to sustain its growth into next year. He seems to find it difficult to sustain relationships with women. US The judge sustained ( accepted) the lawyer's objection. The soil in this part of the world is not rich enough to sustain a large population.

w

A heart shape is the symbol of love. The wheel in the Indian flag is a symbol of peace. Water, a symbol of life, recurs as an image throughout her poems. The symbol for oxygen is O 2. The private jet is a symbol of wealth.


The ferry service has been suspended for the day because of bad weather. The President has suspended the constitution and assumed total power. When you go to the theatre, you have to be willing to suspend disbelief ( to act as if you believe that what you are seeing is real or true, although you know that it is not). I'm suspending judgment ( not forming an opinion) on the book I'm reading until I've finished it. LEGAL Mr Young was given a sixmonth jail sentence suspended for two years ( If he commits another crime within two years, he will have to go to prison for six months for his original crime). She was suspended from school for fighting. He was suspended for four matches after arguing with the referee.

 Symbol Sembol, işaret

 Tape Bant, film, kaset, kasete almak

magnetic tape I've got that film on tape ( recorded) if you want to borrow it. If you give me a blank tape I'll record it for you.

 Target Hedef

The government's target of 3.5% annual growth seems easily attainable.

 Task İş, vazife, görev, görevlendirmek

We usually ask interviewees to perform a few simple tasks on the computer just to test their aptitude. The government now faces the daunting task of restructuring the entire health service. We have been tasked with setting up camps for refugees.


 Team Takım, grup a basketball/hockey/netball team a team of investigators It was a real team effort everyone contributed something to the success of the project. Only good team work will enable us to get the job done on time.

 Tense Gergin She was very tense as she waited for the interview. There were some tense moments in the second half of the game.

 Terminate Bitirmek, sona erdirmek, durmak They terminated my contract in October. This train will terminate at the next stop passengers who wish to continue should change trains.


 Technical Teknik

a few technical problems Personally, I found some parts of the book a little too technical to follow. In her performance as the Snow Queen she showed great technical brilliance.

 Text Metin, yazılı metin

 Technique Teknik, yöntem

C

We have developed a new technique for detecting errors in the manufacturing process. She's a wonderfully creative dancer but she doesn't have the technique of a truly great performer.

D

r.

 Technology Teknoloji

w

w

w

computer technology Modern technology is amazing, isn't it? What this country needs is a longterm policy for investment in science and technology.

 Temporary Geçici The ceasefire will only provide a temporary solution to the crisis. temporary staff

The book has 100 pages of closely printed text. Can we see the full text of your speech before Tuesday? 'Ulysses' is a set text for the exam.

 Theme Tema, bir filme ait

The theme of loss runs through most of his novels. a theme song/tune

 Theory Teori, düşünce

economic theory scientific theory Darwin's theory of evolution He has a theory that the hole was caused by a meteorite.


 Thereby Böylece, sonuçta Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, thereby reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains.

 Thesis (Akademik) tez, fikir

 Topic Konu

Our discussion ranged over various topics, such as acid rain and the hole in the ozone layer.

C

 Trace İzini sürmek, bulmak, keşfetmek

w

w

D

r.

The police are trying to trace the mother of a newborn baby found abandoned outside a hospital. Attempts to trace the whereabouts of a man seen leaving the scene of the crime have so far been unsuccessful. Their missing daughter was finally traced to ( found in) İzmir. The phone company was unable to trace the call. No one has yet been able to trace the source of the rumor. The outbreak of food poisoning was traced to some contaminated shellfish. The practice of giving eggs at Easter can be traced back to festivals in ancient China. Rivalries between the gangs can be traced back to ( first happened in) the 1950s in some black and Hispanic neighborhoods.

w

 Tradition Gelenek, rivayet Fireworks have long been an American tradition on the Fourth of July. Switzerland has a long tradition of neutrality. There's a tradition in our office that when it's somebody's birthday, they bring in a cake for us all to share. We decided to break with tradition ( not behave as usual) this year and go away for Christmas. According to tradition, a headless ghost walks through the corridors of the house at night.


a doctoral thesis ( for a PhD) Their main thesis was that war was inevitable.

The film traces the events leading up to the Russian Revolution in 1917.

 Transfer Nakletmek, bir yerden alıp başka bir yere koymak, geçmek, üzerine geçirmek

He has been transferred to a psychiatric hospital. She transferred her gun from its shoulder holster to her handbag. We were transferred from one bus into another. Police are investigating how $20 million was illegally transferred from/out of the Trust's bank account. The aim is to transfer power/control/responsibility to self governing regional councils. I'll be upstairs, so could you transfer my phone calls ( arrange that I can receive them) up there please? After a year he transferred to University College. Some very highprofile Turkish players have transferred to clubs abroad. He threatened to give up football if his club didn't transfer him ( sell him to another team).


 Transform Değiştirmek, dönüştürmek The reorganization will transform the American entertainment industry. Whenever a camera was pointed at her, Marilyn would instantly transform herself into a radiant star.

 Trend Trend, değişim Surveys show a trend away from home ownership and towards rented accommodation. There's been a downward/upward trend in sales in the last few years. Whatever the latest fashion trend, you can be sure Nicki will be wearing it. The trend at the moment is towards a more natural and less madeup look.


 Transit Aktarma, nakil, ulaşım It is possible to make an insurance claim for any goods lost or damaged in transit. The question is whether road transit is cheaper than rail. a rapidtransit train

 Trigger Tetiklemek

Some people find that certain foods trigger their headaches. The racial killings at the weekend have triggered off a wave of protests throughout the country.

 Transmit Yayınlamak, iletmek, geçmek, geçirmek

 Ultimate Son, nihai

Of course the ultimate responsibility for the present conflict without doubt lies with the aggressor. The ultimate decision about who to employ lies with Andrew. Infidelity is the ultimate betrayal. the ultimate luxury cruiser

 Undergo Geçirmek

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D

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C

Radio Seven transmits on 201 medium wave ( uses those particular radio waves to broadcast on). The information is transmitted electronically to the central computer. a sexually transmitted disease Cholera is transmitted through contaminated water. Some diseases are transmitted from one generation to the next. Somehow your panic and fear transmits itself to the horse that you're riding.

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 Transport Taşımak, nakletmek

w

The pipeline was constructed to transport oil across Alaska to ports on the coast. Such heavy items are expensive to transport (by plane).

She underwent an operation on a tumor in her left lung last year. Cinema in Britain is undergoing a revival of popularity.

 Underlie Altında yatmak Psychological problems very often underlie apparently physical disorders.


 Undertake (İş) yapmak, (bir işe) girişmek Students are required to undertake simple experiments.

 Valid Geçerli a valid argument/criticism/reason My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it's equally valid. My passport is valid for another two years. Is this contract/ticket/agreement still valid?

 Uniform Yeknesak, değişmez, tektip  Vary Değişken olmak; değişkenlik göstermek; değiştirmek


As in so many offices that you see, the walls and furniture are a uniform grey. Small businesses are demanding that they receive uniform treatment from the banks.

 Unify Birleştirmek

My taste in classical music varies greatly/widely, but I usually prefer Mozart or Brahms. Some people give a regular monthly donation while others vary the amount they give.

If the new leader does manage to unify his warring party it will be quite an achievement.

C

 Vehicle Araç

 Unique Yegane, tek, biricik

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D

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Each person's genetic code is unique except in the case of identical twins. I'd recognize your handwriting anywhere it's unique. Do not miss this unique opportunity to buy all six pans at half the recommended price. As many as 100 species of fish, some unique to ( only found in) these waters, may have been affected by the pollution.

A truck driver died last night when his vehicle overturned. Road vehicles include cars, buses and trucks. Tractors are farm vehicles. The number of thefts of motor vehicles rose by a third last year. The conference was seen as an ideal vehicle for increased cooperation between the member states. Corporate America has embraced the Web as a new vehicle for advertising.

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 Utilize Yararlanmak The vitamins come in a form that is easily utilized by the body.

 Version Versiyon, tür, çeşit The official version of events is that the police were attacked and were just trying to defend themselves. You can make a reduced fat version of the cheesecake by using cottage cheese instead of cream cheese.


 Via Yoluyla, vasıtasıyla

In a very short period of time, she has become a highly visible national leader.

The LondonAddis flight goes via Rome. Reports are coming in via satellite. I only found out about it via my sister.  Vision Fikir, rüya  Violate Kuralları, anlaşmayı ihlal etmek, bir yere zorla girmek


They were charged with violating federal law. It seems that the planes deliberately violated the ceasefire agreement. The doctor has been accused of violating professional ethics. The fishermen claimed that ships from another country had violated their territorial waters. Questions of this kind violate my privacy and I am not willing to answer them.

C

 Virtual Hemen hemen tam, sanal

D

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Ten years of incompetent government had brought about the virtual collapse of the country's economy. War in the region now looks like a virtual certainty. virtual shopping/banking

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w

 Visible Görülür, görünür, dikkat çekici You should wear something lightcolored when you're cycling at night so that you're more visible. The writing on the tombstone was barely visible. There are few visible signs of the illness that kept her in hospital for so long. The comet should be visible to the naked eye.

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We see in his novels his sinister, almost apocalyptic, vision of the future. Johnny was late home and, as usual, I had visions of him lying dead in some alley. She had visions in which the angel Gabriel appeared to her.

 Visual Görsel

visual stimulus/impact/abilities Guide dogs open up the lives of the blind or visually impaired. Books for children have to be visually very exciting.

 Volume Kapasite, sayı, miktar, kitap

Which of these bottles do you think has the greater volume? It's the sheer volume of traffic in the city that is causing the problems. Now 'Realms Of Strife', his second volume of memoirs, is available too. While still an undergraduate, his first slim volume 'Fighting Terms' enjoyed a considerable success.

 Voluntary Gönüllü They chose to take voluntary redundancy. She does voluntary work for the Red Cross two days a week.


 Welfare Fiziksel ve ruhsal sağlık The police are very concerned for the welfare of the missing child. These organizations have fought very hard for the rights and welfare of immigrants. Scientists have to consider the balance between human health and animal welfare as they push forward the frontiers of research.

 Bring forward make something happen earlier than originally planned (öne almak) The meeting has been brought forward to this Friday instead of next week because some people couldn't make it then.

 Bring in earn (kazandırmak)

He must be about sixty, whereas his wife looks about thirty. You eat a massive plate of food for lunch, whereas I have just a sandwich.

 Whereby Yoluyla, vasıtasıyla

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C

They've set up a plan whereby you can spread the cost over a period. We need to devise some sort of system whereby people can liaise with each other. It's put me in a position whereby I can't afford to take a job.

D

 Widespread Yaygın

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There are reports of widespread flooding in northern France. Malnutrition in the region is widespread affecting up to 78% of children under five years old. The campaign has received widespread support.

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The job brings in two thousand dollars a month.


 Whereas Kıyasla; fakat, ama

 Bring on cause something to happen or speed up the process (sebep olmak)

Getting wet in the rain yesterday brought on my cold.

 Bring out release or publish (piyasaya sürmek, çıkarmak)

The band are bringing out a new CD in the autumn.

 Bring out in cause a health problem or reaction (neden olmak)

It was the lobster that brought me out in this rash all over my body.

 Bring round make someone wake up from unconsciousness or an anaesthetic (ayıltmak) The doctors brought him round a few hours after the operation.


 Bring up mention (bahsetmek) They didn't bring the subject up at the meeting.

 Bring up raise a child (büyütmek)

 Burn down burn completely (yanıp kül olmak) They had to completely rebuild the museum after the old one burned down.

 Burn off remove by burning or similar process (yakmak)

My parents brought me up strictly.


I burn off a lot of calories in the gym.  Brush up improve a skill quickly (geliştirmek)

She took a twoweek course to brush up her Spanish before she traveled around South and Central America.

 Burn out lose enthusiasm and energy to continue in a demanding job (tükenmek)

Jennie burnt out after ten years working as a futures broker and went to live in the country.

C

 Build up develop a company (işi büyütmek)

She built the business up from nothing into a market leader in less than a decade.

 Burst into catch fire very quickly (içinde kalmak)

The car burst into flames and the driver died as he didn't have time to get out.

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 Build up increase (artmak)

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D

Tension has been building up ever since the government passed the unpopular law.

 Burst into laugh, cry or clap loudly (başlamak)

She burst into laughter when she heard the joke.

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 Bump into meet by chance (rastlamak)

w

I bumped into Helen on the underground the other day.

 Bump off kill (öldürmek) The drug dealer was bumped off by a rival gang.

 Buy out buy somebody's share in a company (hisselerini satın almak) His business partners bought him out to get rid of him.


 Call after name someone after somebody else (adını vermek) She was called Rose after her late grandmother.

 Call for demand (talep etmek, istemek)

 Call for go and collect someone to take them out (uğramak)

C

I'll call for you at seven, so be ready because the film starts at half past.

 Call for require (gerektirmek) An emergency like this calls for some pretty drastic action.

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 Call in get someone to come and do a job (çağırmak)

D

The concert had to be called off because the singer went down with a bad case of flu.

 Call on ask for help (çağrı yapmak) The President called on the wealthy countries for financial aid after the floods destroyed much of the country's agriculture.


The opposition party called for the Minister's resignation after the scandal broke.

 Call off cancel (iptal etmek)

As we were in the area, we called on my sisterinlaw.

 Call up summon someone for military service (askere çağırmak)

The army called up the reserve soldiers when the war broke out.

 Call up phone (telefon etmek)

I called him up as soon as I got to a phone to tell him the news.

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We had to call in a plumber because the sink was leaking and I had no idea how to fix it.

 Call on visit (uğramak)

 Call in stop and visit (uğramak) I called in on Jenny on my way home because she's not very well at the moment and I wanted to see if she needed anything.

 Calm down stop being angry or emotionally excited (sakinleşmek) When I lose my temper, it takes ages for me to calm down again.


 Carried away get so emotional that you lose control (coşmak) The team got carried away when they won the championship that they started shouting and throwing things around.

 Carry off win (kazanmak)

I was ill for a fortnight and now I've got to catch up on the work I missed.

 Chance upon find something by accident (rastlamak) I chanced upon a very rare book in car boot sale and bought it for 65p.


She carried off the first prize in the competition.

 Catch up get work, etc, up to date. (yetiştirmek)

 Carry off win (kazanmak)

 Charge with accuse somebody of a crime (suçlamak)

Arsenal carried off the fa Cup last season.

She was arrested in customs last night and has been charged with smuggling.

 Carry on continue (devam etmek)

C

Carry on quietly with your work until the substitute teacher arrives.

 Chase up ensure that someone remembers to do something (hatırlatmak)

The librarian is chasing me up about my overdue books.

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 Carry out perform a task (yapmak)

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D

The government is carrying out test on growing genetically modified crops.

 Check in register on arriving at a hotel or at the airport (giriş yapmak)

They checked in at the Ritz yesterday.

w

 Catch on become popular (popüler hale gelmek)

w

Many critics were shocked when techno caught on in the clubs.

 Check into register on arriving at a hotel or at the airport (kayıt yaptırmak) They checked into the Ritz yesterday.


 Check out pay the bill when leaving a hotel (otelden ayrılmak) She checked out and took a cab to the airport.

 Clear out tidy up thoroughly and throw away unwanted stuff. (temizlemek, elden geçirmek) I spent the whole weekend clearing out the attic as it was full of papers and other junk.

 Check out of settle up and pay before leaving a hotel (ayrılmak)  Clear up the end of an infection (iyileşmek)


Guests have to check out of the hotel before midday.

I took the antihistamines and the rash cleared up right away.

 Cheer up be less unhappy (yüzü gülmek)

 Clear up tidy up (temizlemek)

Come on, cheer up; it isn't all bad, you know.

C

 Chicken out be too afraid to do something (korkmak) I chickened out of the bungee jumping when I saw how high it was.

I'd better clear up the mess before leave.

 Climb down accept that you are wrong and change your position (geri adım atmak)

The Prime Minister had to climb down over his tax proposals because there was so much opposition from the members of his own party.

D

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 Clean out tidy up thoroughly and throw away unwanted things (düzene sokmak)

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w

I really must clean the study out; there's stuff all over the floor and piles of paper everywhere.

 Close down close a business permanently (tamamen kapatmak)

The firm closed down during the recession because it couldn't compete with the cutprice imports pouring in.

 Clean up tidy and clean (temizlemek) Clean this bedroom up; it's a disgrace.

 Come across find by accident (rastlamak) I came across my old school reports when I was clearing out my desk.


 Come across the way other people see you (görünmek) He came across as shy because he spoke so quietly.

 Come apart break into pieces (kırılmak)

She comes from Somalia.

 Come in arrive for flights (gelmek) The plane came in at twothirty in the morning.


It came apart when I tried to lift it off the floor and I had to glue it back together.

 Come from country or town where you were born (gelmek)

 Come before appear in court charged with a crime or offence (çıkmak)

 Come in place or ranking in a competition, etc. (gelmek, olmak)

I did my best but came in in last but one in the race.

He came before the court on charges of speeding.

 Come in receive news (haber gelmek)

C

 Come down rain (yağmak)

Just look at the rain coming down! I'm not going out in that.

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 Come down travel (gelmek)

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D

When you're next in London, come down and see us.

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 Come down on criticize heavily (sertçe eleştirmek) The management really came down on him for losing the contract.

Reports are just coming in of an assassination attempt on the President.

 Come into be important or relevant (önemli olmak)

Money doesn't come into it; I simply will not do it under any circumstances.

 Come into inherit (miras olarak almak) She came into a lot of money when her grandmother died.


 Come into use start being used (kullanılmaya başlanmak) The computerized system came into use at the end of last year.

 Come off when something breaks off (kırılmak)

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D

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C


I picked it up and the handle came off in my hand.



1. The central heating automatically an hour before I get up. B) comes round D) comes on


A) comes out C) brings up E) checks in

2. Mr. Peters is out of the office, and will contact you on his return.

C

A) visibly C) ultimately E) temporarily

3. The US government is willing to multiple tests on its antimissile shield project.

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D

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A) come out C) carry out D) burn out

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B) thereby D) virtually

B) call up D) chase down

4. They said they wanted to the contract. A) transform C) trace E) violate

B) transmit D) terminate


5. Look, Tom seems pretty down! Let’s go take him out to a movie so that he can . A) cheer up C) burn out E) chase up

B) chuck up D) calm down

A) sustain C) transform E) trace

B) suspend D) utilize

7. She her exboyfriend at the party and they had a big fight. B) carried on D) chased up

C

A) came into use C) caught up E) came across

8. The hotel has recently extensive refurbishing.

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B) transformed D) undertaken

D

A) undergone C) utilized E) varied

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9. The concert had to be because the singer went down with a bad case of flu. A) come off C) burned out E) cleaned up

A) suspended C) traced E) transmitted

B) terminated D) utilized

11. Because he was a temperamental person, it was difficult for him to easily.


6. I am able to my ancestry back to the time of Mahmut II.

10. The vitamins come in a form that is easily by the body.

B) called off D) clouded over

A) calm down C) burn down E) carry off

B) come off D) bring up

12. My way of thinking might be different from yours, but it's equally . A) ultimate C) valid E) widespread

B) tense D) temporary

13. He habitually the law by carrying a gun. A) violated C) suspended E) transformed

B) utilized D) terminated

14. The meeting has been to this Friday instead of next week because some people couldn't make it then. A) brought forward B) caught up C) carried out D) brought up E) chased down


15. He had won the sports car race when he passed the first stage, but then he hit a rock. A) ultimately C) temporarily E) technically

B) virtually D) uniquely

A) unique C) theoretical E) traditional

B) widespread D) uniform

17. In her research paper she that we all should accept the latest accusations leveled against the country’s agricultural policies. B) estimates D) identifies

C

A) induces C) implies E) generates

A) bring down C) carry out E) bring up

B) call for D) bump into

21. The manager's attitude from helpful to downright rude. A) varies C) transmits E) traces

B) sustains D) unifies


16. Malnutrition in the region is affecting up to 78% of children under five years old.

20. Why did she the irrelevant matter like his age?

22. An acceptable level of stability and security in Iraq a more multinational effort than the desperate US moves. A) catches up C) comes into use E) comes apart

B) brings up D) calls for

23. The device the light through this filter.

D

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18. The heavy snowfall during the holidays many accidents, as people traveled heavily.

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19. Diets that are high in saturated fat and cholesterol tend to clog up our arteries, reducing the blood flow to our hearts and brains. A) visibly C) via E) traditionally

B) transforms D) violates

B) brought on D) carried out

w

A) burst into C) called in E) caught up

A) transmits C) terminates E) varies

B) thereby D) whereas

24. The police called on him to freeze, but he just until he finally was shot down. A) carried on C) caught on E) cleaned out

B) carried away D) chilled out


25. I finally with her as she approached the house.

30. Who is the authority in such matters?

A) came apart C) brought down E) caught up

A) visible C) virtual E) voluntary

B) came off D) carried out

B) underlying D) ultimate

26. Natural forces conspired to create this situation. B) unique D) technical


A) virtual C) symbolic E) tense

27. Veli Göçer is causing the death of many people because of his violation of building safety standards. B) called up D) chilled out

C

A) chanced upon C) carried off E) charged with

28. Gates might be a bit too much, considering his condition.

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B) undergoing D) unifying

D

A) suspending C) underlying E) undertaking

w

A) came off C) burned off E) cleared up

w

w

29. The patient took the antibiotics her doctor prescribed and the infection in her left foot right away. B) cleaned up D) built up



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D

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C

TEST YOUR VOCABULARY FOR KPDS & ÜDS TESTS


Vocabulary for KPDS & ÜDS Test – 1

1. Doctors sometimes about the proper way to treat a patient. A) insult C) disagree E) borrow

B) claim D) lend

5. As my husband and I had to attend an important meeting at that night, we asked our next door neighbor to our son. A) take care of C) break into E) get rid of

B) turn off D) bring about


6. The mobile phone business has rapidly since 1990.

2. In some occupations, workers are promoted to higher positions based on their ability and . A) permission C) experiment E) experience

B) remained D) distributed

B) fact D) demonstration

C

3. Malnutrition is an unhealthy condition caused by a poor or diet or by the body's inability to absorb or use nutrients.

B) unimportant D) inappropriate

D

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A) indefinite C) unlike E) illegal

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4. Circuit trees grow most in the southern and southwestern parts of the Turkey. A) severely C) emotionally E) reluctantly

A) replaced C) expanded E) become

B) abundantly D) obscurely

7. No single country can measure and report on conditions in every part of the atmosphere, so the world's nations must cooperate to monitor the weather effectively. A) mentally C) reluctantly E) constantly

B) indifferently D) formerly

8. Because animals adapt to their surroundings in many ways, there is a wide of animals in any environment. A) requirement C) approval E) prevention

B) diversity D) reduction


9. Many of the plants that grow in that area are either to fire or are able to grow back quickly after they burn.

14. Most smokers who smoking are able to quit on their own, but some need professional help.

A) resistant C) offensive E) representative

A) turn off C) run through E) put off

B) intensive D) aggressive

B) give up D) take after

15. Nowadays, some manufacturers don't advertise their goods because they find it .

A) do with C) go without E) put up with

A) profitable C) amusing E) costly


10. Conservationists work to ensure that the environment can continue to human needs.

B) make up D) provide for

11. It takes around eight hours to drive to İzmir from here, but you'll a lot of time if you go by plane. B) spend D) earn

C

A) save C) reduce E) make

B) promptly D) innocently

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D

A) respectfully C) excitingly E) thoroughly

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12. Some educational systems in other countries are administered by the central government.

w

13. Psychologists have long warned parents that too many could have negative effect on children. A) conditions C) intentions E) restrictions

B) notices D) aims

B) necessary D) useful

16. These days we are constantly hearing and reading about ecological studies concerned with factors that our environment. A) produce C) affect E) balance

B) permit D) filter

17. Because Turkey's economy has become industrialized since the mid 1940's, manufacturing now contributes more to the national income than does agriculture. A) inefficiently C) responsibly E) willingly

B) increasingly D) scarcely


18. Many economists believe that in times of high inflation, the government's income should exceed its to help reduce the inflation rate.

22. The recent statistics concerning the of wages and salaries indicate that the incomes of men are distinctly higher than those of women.

A) expenditures C) complaints E) regulations

A) recurrence C) distribution E) proportion

B) budgets D) exports

B) rejection D) allocation

23. Today social science courses provide us with a part of our education.

A) appropriate C) available E) valid

A) competent B) benevolent C) resistant D) crucial E) rigid


19. Neither of those political surveys is because the sample was not random. B) careful D) harmful

A) called on C) put off E) made out

C

20. Of all the inventions of the 1800's, the gasoline engine was the one that the most farreaching changes in transportation. B) found out D) brought about

24. Taxation in that country is indirect; for example, tobacco, excise and customs duties account for a very great amount. A) conceivably C) efficiently E) predominantly

B) provisionally D) abundantly

25. We will give all the staff copies of the guidelines on the security procedures that were by the administration.

A) negotiate C) restrict E) compete

A) given back B) drawn up C) brought up D) found out E) shown out

D

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21. Tomorrow labor unions are going to with employers about the working conditions, working hours and wages of their members.

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B) estimate D) propose



1. I find it hard to believe that such a highly reputable firm could engage in a of this magnitude. B) rejection D) taxation

2. We have to face the fact that there has been a statistically increase in health problems among people living near these industrial plants. B) stationary D) elusive

C

A) selective C) significant E) reluctant

3. Interest rates have hardly changed at all over the last six months, and I think they will continue to remain .

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B) disturbing D) unpredictable

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D

A) steady C) irrelevant E) worthless

A) put up with C) come up with E) pull through

B) keep up D) take after

6. Many sea creatures live alone from birth and so must solutions to everyday problems without a model to copy.


A) recession C) deception E) component

5. It really is a first class product, so now it's up to the advertising department to an effective way of launching it onto the market.

B) work out D) pull out

7. One of the greatest roles of photography is to record images of the world around us worthy to be as a heritage for all generations. A) brought back C) handed down E) sent down

B) given back D) thrown out

8. I used to see quite a lot of Jane, but now we manage to meet. A) just C) rarely E) mainly

B) fairly D) usually

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w

4. Imports controls impose limitations on the quantity or value of goods, which are to enter a country.

A) take off C) put up E) let out

A) persuaded C) levied E) succeeded

B) afforded D) allowed

9. You can t trust Amy; she can t even a secret. A) remember C) prevent E) leave

B) win D) keep


10. Some of the company directors do not have the to sign papers on behalf of the company.

15. The Central Asian region buried in poverty and plagued by corruption and social inequality.

A) possession C) talent E) right

A) belongs C) prospers E) maintains

B) influence D) progress

B) remains D) depends

16. At airports, planes waste a lot of fuel and large amounts of exhaust as they taxi to the runway.

A) essential C) eager E) unpleasant

A) give off C) turn on E) take off


11. The Giant Pacific Octopus has the length of 3 meters and weighs up to 30 kilograms. B) efficient D) impressive

B) leave off D) put away

12. The river Loire runs through the heart of France, and this region embodies the of the French way of life.

17. The country’s Minister for Development couldn’t get much work done today because there were so many visitors to .

A) essence C) conscience E) decision

A) come across C) lead on E) show around

C

B) approval D) explanation

B) rigid D) pleasant

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D

A) delicate C) rapid E) comfortable

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13. China went through a long period of population growth.

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14. Scientists and various organizations are working to develop vaccines for the top three killer diseases: AIDS, malaria and tuberculosis. A) socially C) recently E) nearly

B) suddenly D) currently

B) find out D) leave out

18. While it is possible that the death of elderly couples within a short time of each other could occur by chance, there is compelling suggesting a causal link. A) predictor C) conflict E) consideration

B) evidence D) definition

19. Egyptian actor Omar Sharif’s role is in a French film called “Monsieur Ibrahim”. A) latest C) furthest E) clearest

B) rarest D) fastest


20. Traditional views of foreign policy depend on assumptions about the relations between states. A) constructively C) heavily E) consecutively

B) respectively D) locally

A) attribute C) fulfil E) determine

B) attract D) confirm

C

22. The prices of commodities such as tea and coffee have benefited from the general boom in commodity prices by increased demand and fairly static supply.

B) kept on D) pulled down

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A) brought about C) taken up E) turned up

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D

23. In this test, the candidate is shown as many as 20 different pictures of persons and scenes, and is asked to a story about each. A) put out C) put up E) look into

A) opposition C) disappointment E) denial

B) reason D) suggestion

25. They that their team is far better than ours and they expect to win the forthcoming match.


21. Golf will soon the destination for many vacationers and property owners over the next few years.

24. During a family discussion on our next holiday plans, my father asked me for my .

B) make up D) take to

A) claim C) include E) object

B) regard D) prefer



1. Although he is an engineer, he is as as any carpenter at making kitchen furniture. A) forceful C) skillful E) current

5. Several of my friends have entered the , but none of them expects to win. A) performance C) competition E) vacancy

B) application D) responsibility

B) genuine D) extravagant


6. He’s a terribly person and never thinks at all of the needs or the wishes of other people.

2. The chief of police finally agreed to release news of the accident, but he did so . A) regularly C) terribly E) reluctantly

C

7. As she grew older, it became difficult for her to do the shopping.

D

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B) turn over D) get off

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w

w

4. They had to call in troops to the forest fire which was spreading rapidly. A) get out C) hold up E) hand out

B) sensitive D) reliable

B) extremely D) reasonably

3. It took me a long time to translate his business letter as I had to so many words in the dictionary. A) make up C) look up E) take up

A) nervous C) extravagant E) selfish

A) eventually C) doubtfully E) reluctantly

B) increasingly D) adequately

8. The survivors of the shipwreck who were able to reach the land, decided to a fire and wait to be rescued. A) make C) show E) put

B) do D) set

B) put out D) break down 9. The melting of all the ice mass in the Arctic would the sea level by several metres. A) establish C) raise E) spoil

B) preserve D) restore


10. I couldn’t why they were shouting so loudly.

15. My car as I was on my way to pick up the children from school.

A) set up C) rely on E) put off

A) got off C) let down E) took off

B) keep up D) make out

A) insist C) reply E) explain

B) complain D) inform

C

12. The market for computers and all related goods has been rapidly in recent years.

B) expanding D) exceeding

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A) reaching C) exploring E) disturbing

D

13. The company is not only looking for wellqualified people; it also wants them to be about their work.

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B) comprehensive D) indifferent

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A) enthusiastic C) relevant E) convenient

14. They still haven’t come to an about which play they are going to put on next term. A) opinion C) appointment E) event

16. I met your father once years ago, but I can remember him.


11. I tried hard to why the motor would have to be replaced, but he couldn’t understand what I was trying to say.

B) broke down D) gave in

B) assessment D) agreement

A) hardly C) extremely E) simultaneously

B) enormously D) immensely

17. William Wordsworth was a poet of nature, and had the special to throw charm over ordinary things. A) ability C) topic E) illusion

B) verse D) admiration

18. No one knows for certain when the first AngloSaxon settlements were made in Britain, but it is that some of them at any rate were founded about the middle of the fifth century A.D. A) temporary C) probable E) urgent

B) vital D) contemporary


19. James Joyce was born and educated in Ireland but spent most of his life in Europe, mainly in France, Italy and Switzerland. A) superficial C) competitive E) precise

B) adult D) coherent

A) alternatively C) hopefully E) sensitively

B) fluently D) widely

C

21. The tourists had intended to walk along the coast to the next town but were from doing so by the stormy weather.

B) influenced D) encouraged

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A) deceived C) compelled E) prevented

D

22. Much of every teacher’s time is marking papers.

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B) taken up with D) made out

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A) brought up C) held up E) carried out

23. All teenagers have ; the problem is to teach them to exploit it to the best advantage. A) destiny C) potential E) significance

A) disturbance C) reversal E) decision

B) suggestion D) conflict

25. Ireland is in the Atlantic Ocean and from Great Britain by the Irish Sea.


20. Frederick Taylor is known as the founder of the scientific management movement.

24. Have they come to a yet on whether to move to Izmir or stay in Antalya?

B) compulsion D) preference

A) established C) placed E) separated

B) occupied D) inhabited



1. Geologists have that Africa was once warmer and wetter than it is today. A) explored C) surveyed E) experimented

5. Finland, which is three times the size of Ohio, is forested and contains thousands of lakes, numerous rivers and extensive areas of marshland. A) mutually C) heavily E) profoundly

B) exactly D) currently

B) discovered D) searched


6. He must have had some sound reasons for such a rigid timetable.

2. Australia, which is normally a grains exporting country, has started importing wheat and corn to meet a shortage resulting from a drought. B) hostile D) secular

C

A) widespread C) sustainable E) restrictive

3. After decades of speculation astronomers now have fairly information concerning the basic features of our universe.

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B) preventive D) accurate

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D

A) desperate C) reluctant E) respective

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4. The meridians are counted from the meridian of the observatory of Greenwich, in England, which is called the zero meridian. A) traditionally C) previously E) markedly

B) suitably D) notably

A) setting out C) running up E) looking into

B) drawing up D) turning off

7. It’s a delightful novel, and the reader soon gets in the lives of the characters as the story progresses. A) caught up C) put out E) fed up

B) found out D) turned over

8. The religion of the Hittites was based upon of a sun goddess and a storm god. A) wonder C) survival E) display

B) invention D) worship

9. The success of the classical record industry is largely due to the high quality of the . A) descriptions C) sales E) products

B) audiences D) articles


10. The first of Australia were the Aborigines, who migrated there at least 40,000 years ago from Southeast Asia.

14. In his final years of office, President Clinton maintained a low profile but took several major trips overseas.

A) inhabitants C) population E) troops

A) certainly C) strongly E) relatively

B) guests D) citizens

A) likely C) ideally E) fairly

15. Although it is dying out in the towns, folk dance is still a vibrant tradition in Turkish villages, as you may well see if you a traditional wedding party.


11. In spite of much research into the subject, we still only know how and why tornadoes form.

B) randomly D) plainly

B) truly D) partially

A) involve C) demonstrate E) relieve

B) attend D) consist

16. If your brother phones, be sure to ask him if he really has smoking.

A) grateful C) incredible E) radiant

A) given up C) made out E) turned off

C

12. Ideally, museums should have lots of public money, space to exhibit most of their treasures and enough staff to look after them.

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B) sufficient D) portative

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A) secretly C) rarely E) convincingly

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D

13. Volunteer fire brigades, unlike professional ones, have the training to deal with big or complicated fires. B) suddenly D) reasonably

B) put away D) opened up

17. The French explorer M. Peisel was touring Tibet when he first a series of tall, mysterious, starshaped stone towers along the Chinese border. A) got through C) felt for E) ran over

B) came across D) made up


18. The new version of the Night Sky programme has various that make it much more enjoyable than the first version.

22. Stewart, a young and talented British historian, has written a book on the impact of World War II on British politics.

A) extracts C) additions E) disappointments

A) convincingly C) directly E) crucially

B) totals D) needs

B) remarkably D) continually

23. Firefighting and the training methods employed are becoming complex.

A) situation C) department E) circumstance

A) previously B) plainly C) partly D) courageously E) extremely


19. It was the only school for miles around and so all the children in the went to the same school. B) property D) neighbourhood

B) selfish D) charming

24. Films quite often focus on journalism, and from time to time they have critically examined and this profession. A) succeeded C) denied E) suspected

B) deserved D) influenced

D

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A) painful C) consistent E) lonely

C

20. I was a child and so I used to make up stories and hold conversations with imaginary people.

25. Marathontraining schedules range from four to six months and they all considerable discipline.

A) loyal C) capable E) fluent

A) require C) imply E) improve

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21. Queen Elizabeth I established a strong central government that received the support of her people. B) favourite D) sensitive

B) reduce D) combine



1. Every time we turn on our lights, cook a meal or heat our homes, we are some form of fuel to make it happen. A) sending for C) relying on E) pulling through

B) waiting on D) making out

5. Much has been written about the outbreak of war in 1914, but the question of who was is still being debated. A) desirable C) compulsive E) adequate

B) responsible D) peaceful


6. She seems to take part in the quiz programme.

2. Virginia was a brilliant young woman who in a literary atmosphere. A) took over C) held on E) showed up

B) put up D) grew up

A) reluctant C) selfish E) delicate

B) hardworking D) loyal

7. His novels have been praised for the superb use of colloquial language.

C

3. A vital problem facing us this century is the of global warming. B) provision D) disturbance

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A) collection C) issue E) expression

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A) invention C) possession E) pursuit

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D

4. In 1496, fresh from his of the New World, Christopher Columbus was still thinking about China. B) journey D) discovery

A) rapidly C) suddenly E) widely

B) strangely D) safely

8. An estimated $4 billion over the next five years will cover the cost of immunizing children in developing countries. A) undeniably C) fully E) actively

B) abruptly D) currently


9. T.S. Eliot’s poem The Waste Land really in capturing the mood of postwar Europe.

14. Pandas consume 18 kg of woody bamboo daily, which provides almost 99 per cent of their dietary .

A) disturbs C) contributes E) succeeds

A) measurements C) achievements E) supplements

B) deserves D) recovers

A) establish C) happen E) develop

B) respect D) perceive

11. At 4 o’clock that same afternoon, he got into his car and for Bursa. B) got off D) set off

C

A) put up C) kept on E) sent out

B) take up D) keep on

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D

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12. It didn’t happen all at once, but before long the business really began to , and they started to make a profit. A) look back C) point out E) try out

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13. If you go down to the woods in August, it is easy to get the that the birds, like so many of us, are on holiday. A) notice C) consciousness E) evidence

15. It is not clear whether bald eagles are directly for driving away golden eagles in California’s Channel Islands.


10. If life didn’t start on Earth but came from comets instead, there’s no reason why something similar couldn’t again today.

B) needs D) expectations

B) desire D) impression

A) responsible C) cautious E) reasonable

B) stable D) particular

16. In order to study the past it is not always to know precisely how long ago in years a particular period or event occurred. A) recurrent C) capable E) essential

B) annual D) absolute

17. Consumers know that food labels such as “organic” and “natural” do not guarantee good conditions for the animals that produced the meat, milk or eggs found inside the packaging. A) respectively C) necessarily E) falsely

B) relatively D) severely

18. The accepted laws of physics are the same everywhere in the world. A) continually C) simply E) commonly

B) rapidly D) equally


19. The total sales of US magazines in 1986 325.3 million.

24. The earthquake caused damage but not much as expected.

A) profited C) provided E) recorded

A) competent C) rapid E) considerable

B) afforded D) reached

A) compare C) determine E) evaluate

B) support D) mean

21. In complex animals we can identify ten major organ systems that together the organism. B) make up D) work out

C

A) set off C) hold up ed E) bring in

B) related to D) brought up

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D

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22. The projects will be originality of thought and potential impact on society by distinguished specialists. A) judged on C) applied to E) dealt with

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23. I didn’t want to with Peter about doing the washing up. A) apologize C) quarrel E) blame

25. What attracted most attention in his speech was his to create new jobs. A) strike C) precaution E) doubt

B) election D) promise


20. An attempt to a poem should never be made before the poem is well understood.

B) sensible D) faithful

B) conclude D) contrast



1. Unless you take your medicine that cough of yours will never go. A) decisively C) reluctantly E) elaborately

6. Since he was too lazy to read the novel he has misunderstood the motives of the main character. A) generously C) properly E) inevitably

B) unusually D) lively

B) regularly D) specially


7. Our school has managed to collect a lot of books to to the children in a village school.

2. You’ve kept us waiting here for two hours. Next time make sure you are . A) suitable C) punctual E) detailed

B) influential D) variable

A) distribute C) contain E) employ

B) publish D) depart

8. Do you think we can trust him to find a place for us to stay in London?

A) contest C) inherit E) demonstrate

C

3. In order to this theory, we carried out a number of experiments. B) persuade D) engage

B) approval D) expression

B) sufficient D) considerate

9. Everyone knows that these two firms have been in fierce to get the job of running the hotel. A) involvement C) management E) competition

B) reference D) arrangement

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D

A) dependence C) confusion E) contribution

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4. The about the date of the meeting was the result of a typing error.

A) thorough C) steady E) suitable

10. I don’t know the scheduled time of , but I do know that the plane to Istanbul has already left.

A) completely C) consequently E) reliably

A) purchase C) accommodation E) departure

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5. This report seems interesting in parts, but the last section is unrealistic. B) sensibly D) nervously

B) customs D) reference


11. Parents who understand child behavior are more about their ability to handle difficult situations.

16. One major aim of the new constitution is to prevent the of power by any majority.

A) familiar C) confident E) forgiving

A) misuse C) completion E) existence

B) watchful D) virtuous

B) compromise D) issue

17. When they called Bronson to head office I’m quite sure it was not their to promote him to branch manager.

A) required C) refused E) Expected

A) avidity C) prediction E) intention


12. Although the new manager has been very strict with us, he is highly by everyone in the company. B) respected D) challenged

13. Foods that were seasonal may be found now throughout the year.

B) satisfactorily D) rapidly

C

A) properly C) previously E) seriously

B) persuade D) agree

18. To be a leader it is not enough to be hard working and knowledgeable; one must also be able to inspire . A) denial C) discretion E) reservation

B) restraint D) confidence

19. People who are constantly in the public eye must learn to remain in the face of criticism. A) composed C) appreciated E) restored

B) resultant D) outrageous

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D

A) compete C) reinterpret E) dispute

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14. At the meeting, even though he spoke well, he was unable to the other members.

B) impression D) disposition

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15. It was felt that the EC had on a program of economic change that the member states could not sustain. A) surpassed C) embarked E) retired

B) relieved D) specified

20. As the conditions of the expedition are likely to be severe, you had better take necessary . A) trials C) efforts E) attempts

B) precautions D) objections


21. He has behaved on many occasions, so this instance of impoliteness is hardly surprising. A) shyly C) sensitively E) inconsiderately

B) endearingly D) readily

A) obsessed C) preoccupied E) disposed


22. The topics included in the conference programme are not as as one might have hoped. B) illuminated D) varied

23. At the opening of the new production of Aida the guest soprano gave a superb, a truly performance. B) declining D) recalling

C

A) dazzling C) disappointing E) degrading

B) established D) determined

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D

A) defeated C) severed E) featured

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24. Diplomatic relations between the two countries, which were during the war, have not yet been restored.

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25. If the situation in Somalia improves, a significant part of the allied forces will be . A) enclosed C) encouraged E) sustained

B) withdrawn D) recruited



1. They raised no to his prolonged leave of absence since they didn’t want to lose him altogether. B) refusal D) refund

2. The criticism he made concerning the annual fiscal report was to the point. B) immediately D) preferably

C

A) remarkably C) incessantly E) incompetently

3. I would like to open a private old people’s home but I don’t know yet how to it. B) set about D) put on

D

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A) look through C) rush upon E) turn on

B) precisely D) reluctantly

6. Unfortunately, few children behave in such a manner towards the old and infirm. A) ridiculous C) restricted E) progressive

B) considerate D) fragile

7. The development of the experimental method to verify the theories had the effect and there was a rapid increase in scientific knowledge. A) adverse C) appropriate E) partial

B) reluctant D) erroneous

8. We will have to hire more workers soon; we can’t put it off . A) plainly C) emphatically E) indefinitely

B) supremely D) intensely

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4. He was rather when he learned that his proposal had been turned down. A) hurried on C) found out E) put out

A) faultlessly C) exceedingly E) extraordinarily


A) refutation C) objection E) compulsion

5. They have had to agree to provide free lunches, but obviously they have had done so .

B) sent away D) seen to

9. A well organised company that knows its products are of a high standard does not fear . A) conversion C) competition E) pretension

B) concentration D) departure


10. When births outnumber deaths, the population increases; when the is true, then it falls.

15. After that last incident, even the manager admits that we can their services.

A) opposite C) proportion E) decreases

A) go on C) put out E) break into

B) growth D) rate

A) recover C) infect E) restrain

16. Following the bomb explosion in the shopping centre, the police have been warning people to any suspicious looking parcel.


11. In the past, too, people relied on plant substances to a wide range of illnesses.

B) do without D) show off

B) cure D) undermine

A) rely on C) take over E) send for

B) run through D) watch out for

12. Industry is slowly realising that the manner in which waste products are being of is of vital importance to the environment.

17. Many of the critics clearly regarded several of the paintings on as of poor quality.

A) forwarded C) composed E) restored

A) discovery C) occasion E) account

C

B) exposed D) disposed

D

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13. I was astonished to learn how such an experienced man as Dr. Foster could be by her tricks. B) found out D) made up

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A) locked up C) run over E) taken in

B) display D) approval

18. The report issued by the National Health Council draws attention to the hazards of to X rays. A) resistance C) confinement E) implication

B) involvement D) exposure

19. He’s clever, he seems to know by instinct where someone is and strikes there.

A) thinks over B) changes over C) puts up with D) wakes up E) turns on

A) conceited C) vulnerable E) critical

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14. I don’t know how the nurse the constant demands of that elderly patient.

B) sufficient D) informative


20. It was decided at the board meeting that more funds should be allocated to getting the firm’s products more widely.

24. I had my doubts about her when I took her on, but now I’m pleased to say that she has to be a talented executive.

A) publicized C) curtailed E) confirmed

A) taken up C) turned out E) carried on

B) priced D) expanded

B) run over D) made out

25. The rise in energy has led to a reduction of fossil fuels that the world must use.

A) infectiously C) considerably E) conscientiously

A) redundancy C) consumption E) conformity


21. There’s nothing very brilliant about the report, but he has collected all the data needed. B) recklessly D) restrictively

22. What really surprised everybody was that he saved the company from bankruptcy quite .

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C

A) extremely B) relatively C) dependently D) singlehandedly E) responsively

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A) watch out C) break through E) go through

B) look up D) take over

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D

23. Before I send this article to the editor, I’d be grateful if you could it for me.

B) efficiency D) suitability



1. We must find some way to give them fairly complete and realistic picture of the situation, but without them too much.

A) make out C) get over E) fall through

C

B) entice D) reproach

3. One defect seems inherent in a purely classical education – namely, a too emphasis on the past.

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B) repressive D) exclusive

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D

A) recurrent C) coherent E) deceptive

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4. Industry as a whole was badly affected by the restrictions, but it was the high technology sector that suffered most . A) blatantly C) reasonably E) acutely

B) successively D) impressively

6. He’s basically a very reliable person so you can be sure he’ll soon this disappointment.

2. Any child left to its own devices for too long is likely to on some dangerous enterprise. A) assert C) embark E) reduce

A) intentionally C) restrictedly E) conclusively


A) depressing B) intimidating C) restricting D) complementing E) embittering

5. Few, if any, of the statements could be substantiated by concrete experimental evidence.

B) randomly D) tightly

B) put through D) look up

7. Whatever the pressures put upon him, I think it is highly unlikely that James would ever anyone. A) walk away with B) give in to C) make up for D) get away with E) fall through

8. The was not a happy one at the time, but looking back on it I suppose I’m glad it occurred. A) improvement C) encounter E) compromise

B) regression D) intention


9. Locke, Hobbes and Rousseau were concerned in their writings with the question of a proper between the public good and the right of individuals to exercise free will. A) balance B) demonstration C) responsibility D) interest E) solidarity

A) generously C) increasingly E) leisurely

B) inadvertently D) ingeniously


14. Since the 1950s modern dance in Europe and America has a vigorous process of creativity.

10. Questions of race, ethnicity, and religion have been a source of conflict in American education. A) previous C) vulnerable E) casual

A) cast C) constituted E) followed

B) explored D) relaxed

B) perennial D) naughty

15. The assassination by terrorists of Signor Aldo Moro, five times Prime Minister of Italy, in May 1978 was by everyone as an act of barbarism.

C

11. The United States has long prided itself on being a melting pot of culturally peoples.

A) applauded C) reiterated E) restrained

B) appealed D) condemned

B) redundant D) entire

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A) diverse C) incoherent E) substantial

16. Asthma is a common in which the airways lining the lung become inflamed. A) diagnosis C) fury E) recovery

B) disease D) patient

B) likely D) profoundly

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D

12. The contemporary world economy differs from what the traditional economic theorists of the 1930s envisaged. A) primarily C) conversely E) intimately

why once comfortable answers no longer seem adequate to today’s questions.

13. In recent years complex and persistent problems in economic and social fields have led people to wonder

17. From the report released today it appears that oil tankers suffer their major on their return journeys. A) spills C) repairs E) crews

B) costs D) drills


18. People curious to get some idea of what it is like to be black in a country by whites need look no further than Dennis Williams’s new novel Crossover. A) tempted C) perpetrated E) deemed

B) undermined D) run

A) matches C) complies E) accomplishes

B) elaborates D) resumes

C

20. When the chairman tried to explain his views to the shareholders at the general meeting, he was shouted down by them with cries of “Resign!”. B) minimal D) ultimate

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A) annual C) essential E) recurrent

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D

21. Because of their high toxic contents, none of these chemicals can be permitted for export to any country. A) fruitfully C) presently E) equivocally

A) look over C) put out E) cope with

B) run through D) take down

23. The Jewish immigrants, who the boat in England, formed the bulk of the ethnic groups arriving in a country historically wary of foreigners.


19. It is plain that the United Nations will not lift the sanctions unless the Iraqi government fully with the Security Council resolutions.

22. I don’t know how we are going to the expected surge of immigrants into the country.

B) adequately D) notoriously

A) took after C) turned up E) showed off

B) got off D) made up

24. The 1990s have been a general in aid to poor countries, largely because of fiscal pressures in many rich countries. A) consumption C) contingency E) expenditure

B) decline D) conviction

25. The whole business of having meals at fixed is nothing but a social convention and, in modern life, a matter of convenience. A) approaches B) substances C) intervals D) requirements E) proportions



1. Space research is largely a branch of pure science, independent of any applications which from it.

B) attains D) alludes

B) insure D) restore

A) extremely B) likely C) eventually D) indispensably E) favourably

C

2. The current social security system is popular, partly because its universal and partly because retirement benefits are related to contributions, so most people think the system is fair.

B) faithful D) futile

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D

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3. She is the oldest person in the village, to be precise, 92 years old and has a word of advice for everyone. A) fanciful C) credible E) kindly

A) raises C) casts E) accomplishes

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4. Our challenge is to our clients with the best possible advice and support, enabling them to take the right direction at both strategic and operational levels. A) expand C) improve E) respect

6. Before the meeting begins, it would be advisable to remind him that he is not on any account to the subject of unemployment insurance.


A) enforce C) reduce E) stem

5. It is a book rich in ideas and beauty, a book that and tries to answer great fundamental questions and demands the most active reading one is capable of.

B) consult D) provide

A) look through C) take back E) make out

B) bring up D) break out

7. If you want that post you'd better apply quickly; the last day for applications is Friday. A) reversing C) enforcing E) committing

B) withholding D) submitting

8. In this paper I should like to report some of the results of an study of two hundred London families. A) extreme C) intensive E) apparent

B) intrinsic D) emphatic

9. Recent studies have shown that smokers are more to common colds and flu than nonsmokers. A) feasible C) applicable E) responsible

B) susceptible D) reliable


10. For the present, the party is expected to put its differences aside and campaign for a victory at the forthcoming elections.

15. If the of profits falls in one area of activity, entrepreneurs may move their resources to an industry where the returns are higher.

A) vigorously C) precisely E) reluctantly

A) phase C) level E) policy

B) awkwardly D) distinctly

A) repeatedly C) consequently E) indefinitely

B) scarcely D) abundantly

12. I wasn't at all impressed by the he gave me.

B) explanation D) complication

C

A) distribution C) determination E) negotiation

B) win over D) put off

A) socially C) suitably E) reputedly

B) primarily D) firmly

17. A basic of amphibious warfare is undoubtedly command of the sea. A) withdrawal C) determination E) requirement

B) involvement D) concession

18. Even quite late in the twentieth century many men assumed that entry into certain professions was their right. A) independent C) adequate E) unaccountable

B) exclusive D) excessive

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D

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13. The problem of how to the vast quantities of waste we produce, requires our urgent attention. A) bring up C) find out E) deal with

16. In many countries training for industry has always been considered to be the concern of industry itself, not of the state.


11. Industry has developed rapidly in certain countries as raw materials are available there.

B) liability D) supply

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14. Once the children have grown up I shall start travelling again, and I'm really that. A) passing on to B) waiting up for C) looking forward to D) making up for E) going along with

19. Bacteria have remarkable capacity for tolerance to previously lethal drugs. A) acquiring C) deceiving E) recovering

B) denouncing D) repudiating


20. Because critical periods occur throughout pregnancy, a woman should continuously her health. A) keep in with B) put up with C) find out D) take good care of E) look up to

A) intimidate C) violate E) fetch

B) made up for D) showed up

C

22. In the introduction to this book, the writer a foreign policy that makes world peace the top priority. B) holds out D) puts on

D

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A) calls for C) keeps up E) brings about

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23. Acid rain only became a environmental issue in the 1980s following groundbreaking studies in the 1970s. A) previous C) reckless E) prominent

B) betray D) convert

25. The that terrorists use to move money from regions that finance them to their target country are often identical to those used by criminal gangs.


21. In the early twentieth century, a number of scientists, who had been trained as physicists, were interested in the study of biological organisms, and their efforts the field we now call molecular biology. A) took leave of C) gave rise to E) fell apart

24. Using the dam to generate power would not the treaty with the neighbouring country, but diverting water out of the river would.

B) deceitful D) destructive

A) regulations C) provisions E) admissions

B) methods D) laws



1. Air pollution is obviously one of the major of city life. A) references B) disadvantages C) attempts D) definition E) expressions

5. From the evidence, it seems pretty obvious that someone the office sometime during the night. A) found out C) broke into E) ran up

B) took after D) made out


6. It has become a fashion among film stars to use some of their money to needy children.

2. The lawyer submitted to the court several documents to his point of view.

B) overcome D) improve

C

A) support C) refrain E) alienate

3. The latest figures concerning the company's sales are certainly very . B) intensive D) reluctant

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A) determined C) emphatic E) disturbing

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A) mostly C) comparatively E) immensely

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D

4. On Tuesday, I'll be able to let you know how many people will be attending the conference.

B) fortunately D) precisely

A) do with C) go without E) provide for

B) make up D) put up with

7. If it rains, the football match will be until next week. A) given out C) turned off E) taken on

B) put off D) run through

8. For the chemists of the 18th and 19th centuries, an understanding of the chemical nature of food was a major . A) objective C) submission E) estimation

B) agreement D) significance

9. The green button on the far left of the machine the volume. A) interferes C) regulates E) arises

B) discloses D) allows


10. You should have attended that lecture on durability testing of fibres; it really was most .

15. In the past, too, people relied on plant substances to a wide range of illnesses.

A) irrelevant C) dull E) feasible

A) recover C) infect E) restrain

B) stimulating D) reluctant

B) undermine D) cure

16. He was discharged from hospital but was advised to return after a month for further .

A) lately C) intentionally E) heavily

A) treatment C) admission E) expansion


11. His forecast turned out to be accurate considering how little information he had to work on.

B) effortlessly D) surprisingly

12. The new engineer is highly knowledgeable; but can we him to lead the team successfully? B) put on D) take up

C

A) run on C) make on E) rely on

D

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13. Many of the lesser developed countries find it hard to the more developed ones, due to the rapid advances in technology.

B) keep up with D) turn upon

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A) make up for C) look out for E) run through

B) recovery D) diagnosis

17. Some women are troubled with backache as they get older. A) relevantly B) consecutively C) continually D) sufficiently E) reluctantly

18. A poorlyplanned vegetarian diet will typically be in iron, zinc and calcium. A) unhealthy C) varied E) essential

B) deficient D) nutritious

19. I don't know how the nurse the constant demands of that elderly patient.

A) related to C) followed through E) denied by

A) thinks over B) changes over C) turns on D) wakes up E) puts up with

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14. Many experiments blood composition are carried out in this laboratory. B) led from D) contained in


20. As he has taken those antibiotics, it will be very difficult to just what the problem is. A) turn up C) put down E) look up

B) give up D) find out

25. For the present, the party is expected to put its differences aside and campaign for a victory at the forthcoming elections. A) vigorously C) precisely E) reluctantly

B) awkwardly D) distinctly

A) stand for C) make up E) count on


21. The brain and spinal cord the central nervous system. B) turn down D) get on

22. If you want that post you'd better apply quickly; the last day for applications is Friday.

B) withholding D) submitting

C

A) reversing C) enforcing E) committing

B) intrinsic D) emphatic

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D

A) extreme C) intensive E) apparent

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23. In this paper I should like to report some of the results of an study of two hundred London families.

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24. Recent studies have shown that smokers are more to common colds and flu than nonsmokers. A) feasible C) applicable E) responsible

B) susceptible D) reliable



1. Industry has developed rapidly in certain countries as raw materials are available there. B) scarcely D) abundantly

2. I wasn't at all impressed by the he gave me. A) distribution C) determination E) negotiation

A) solution C) discussion E) allusion

B) reference D) recognition

6. Few would that corporations, especially the multinational ones, are enormously powerful.



5. The first great theorist of dramatic art was Aristotle, whose of tragedy in The Poetics has dominated critical thought ever since.

A) involve C) promise E) deny

B) resume D) disdain

B) explanation D) complication

C

3. The problem of how to the vast quantities of waste we produce, requires our urgent attention. B) win over D) put off

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A) bring up C) find out E) deal with

A) comprehensive C) reputable E) compulsive

B) outside D) irresponsible

8. Russia has a fleet of 250 nuclear submarines, 170 of which are out of service. A) currently C) conventionally E) consequently

B) vehemently D) adequately

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A) passing on to B) waiting up for C) looking forward to D) making up for E) going along with

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D

4. Once the children have grown up I shall start travelling again, and I'm really that.

7. No authority has the right to dictate whether a state shall adopt a socialist or a capitalist economic policy.

9. Their state assets were — to foreign capital at bargain prices. A) paid off C) auctioned off E) closed down

B) brought up D) put through


10. He admits that he has not yet fully the true implications or the logical conclusions of his startling discovery. A) given back C) played down E) backed out

B) thought out D) taken over

C

12. The suggestions put forward by the research team were immediately by management and will shortly go into effect.

B) reliable D) reluctant

16. When she referred in her paper to “biocomplexity”, many in the audience scratched their heads and what that word meant. A) expected C) wondered E) rejected

B) suspected D) improved

B) taken up D) put off

D

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A) made out C) ruled out E) turned back

B) brought up to D) played down to

15. Quartz is one of the most abundant rockforming minerals and the most to weathering. A) resistant C) convenient E) indifferent

A) kept out B) wrapped up C) made up D) cleared away E) sealed off

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13. Various treaties and conferences have the prohibition of chemical warfare. A) looked down C) turned off E) dealt with

A) put out of C) made up for E) shown up to


11. Almost all the villages in New Guinea are surrounded by shrubby zones where people have the original rain forest and planted gardens.

14. Over two million corn farmers in Mexico have been business following the import of heavily subsidised corn from the US.

17. Pollution could one day endanger the world’s of oxygen. A) expectation C) extinction E) decline

B) supply D) recovery

B) put up with D) filled in 18. No model is ever perfect, and scientists are trying to refine their models. A) uniformly C) mentally E) equally

B) formerly D) constantly


19. Fat can be for energy only by aerobic metabolism. A) brought up C) put down E) turned on

B) cut out D) broken down

A) take down C) run out E) keep to

B) bring in D) put through

21. The main focus of the research to be by a multidisciplinary team will be the study of the genes and proteins of organisms in the context of their informational pathways or networks.

B) carried out D) settled down

C

A) looked after C) made out E) brought about

D

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22. During the worldwide malaria epidemic of 1992, it was observed that the disease had developed a to certain drugs that had once been effective.

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B) reserve D) separation

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A) resistance C) denial E) condition

23. The body most of the carbohydrates we eat either into glucose or into glycogen. A) removes C) converts E) unites

A) significant C) dependent E) detrimental

B) nutritious D) preventive

25. The doctors are pleased with the progress he is making, and he can leave hospital tomorrow.


20. We will this treatment for a further week by which time recovery should be complete.

24. Moderate amounts of sugar are usually not harmful but, taken in excess, sugar can be to health.

B) deduct D) destroys

A) comfortably C) successfully E) nearly

B) apparently D) carefully



1. The river Danube rises in Germany and through central Europe and into the Black Sea. B) spreads D) conducts

2. Antilock brakes (ABS) help you to maintain steering control of your car even while braking on roads. A) lonesome C) reckless E) stagnant

B) got through D) made out

6. Evidence of racial bias in sentencing helped to convince certain states in America to capital punishment in the late 1960s and early 1970s. A) keep down C) put out E) break through

B) rule against D) point out

B) fast D) slippery

C

3. populated, rural Northumberland is one of the most unspoiled countries in England. B) Nearly D) Suitably

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A) Sparsely C) Primarily E) Efficiently

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D

4. Today a very wide spectrum of biological scientists are needed, both to develop the biotechnology of the next millennium and to ensure the of life in our planet. A) explanation C) exhaustion E) conservation

A) turned down C) made up E) put down


A) cruises C) flows E) covers

5. A hundred years ago the chestnut a quarter of the hardwood trees in America.

B) process D) duration

7. Natural disasters have been defined as ecological disruptions exceeding the adjustment capacity of a community and outside assistance. A) stepping up B) putting up with C) look after D) calling for E) dealing with

8. It is hard for a tiger, especially an inexperienced one, to how to attack an animal that is facing it. A) figure out C) rule out E) run over

B) keep away D) fall back

9. In his fiction William Faulkner uses a complex literary style that seems to his intricate themes of good and evil. A) fit in with C) clear out E) take after

B) put up with D) make out


10. The Government has a set of new policies and measures which are designed to combat violence in the big towns.

15. To increase its exports, the company is highly motivated professionals with experience in international trade.

A) got off C) let down E) worked out

A) applying C) replacing E) seeking

B) found out D) taken down

A) took over C) looked through E) found out

B) made up D) put off

12. When Shakespeare died in Stratford in 1616, no collected of his plays had been published. B) edition D) print

C

A) title C) section E) manuscript

B) immediately D) fairly

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D

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13. British supermarkets have more political influence than any other corporate sector in Britain. A) often C) almost E) quite

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14. Reflex behaviour is ; it arises automatically in response to an appropriate stimulus. A) insignificant C) insufficient E) inadequate

16. Acetic acid is used as a food and flavouring material, and also in the manufacture of white lead.


11. The Judge quickly his notes before sentencing the accused.

B) agreeing D) holding

B) invalid D) involuntary

A) preservative C) absorption E) process

B) decay D) solution

17. Atoms are of electrons and a nucleus containing protons and neutrons. A) joined C) composed E) completed

B) linked D) kept

18. Visibility depends upon the concentration of water or dust particles in the air. A) rapidly C) instantly E) chiefly

B) obstinately D) suitably

19. This magazine is designed to help satellite equipment buyers make more purchasing decisions and keep ahead of new developments. A) representative C) foreseen E) indifferent

B) obscure D) informed


20. Science requires the testing of its ideas or theories to see if its predictions are by experiment.

24. Osteoclasts are cells that bone in the normal course of bone replenishment.

A) made up C) closed in E) sorted out

A) show off C) break down E) cut off

B) borne out D) put off

A) taken care of C) kept off E) concerned with

B) turned up D) given rise to

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C

22. Radioactivity was discovered in 1896 by Becquerel, who noticed that salts containing uranium radiations. A) got off B) held up C) sent off D) came up with E) turned away

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D

23. Medical science is advancing at such a pace that it is virtually impossible to all the latest developments even within one's own specialist field. A) take up C) carry out E) look down on



21. The subject of the statistics is the calculation of the forces acting on and within structures that are in equilibrium.

B) pull through D) put out

B) keep up with D) pull out of




5. If the of profits falls in one area of activity, entrepreneurs may move their resources to an industry where the returns are higher.

1. The relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been heatedly discussed for many years, but until recently the evidence about it has been both and conflicting.

A) phase C) level E) policy

A) exemplary C) compatible E) confident

6. In many countries training for industry has always been considered to be the concern of industry itself, not of the state.


B) susceptible D) fragmentary

2. The whole of society may suffer if its government is attacked; , the entire body is harmed if the brain is damaged.

B) similarly D) nevertheless

C

A) otherwise C) on the other hand E) however

3. Scientists are biotechnology to develop highly effective drugs in the fight against currently incurable diseases.

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B) justifying D) retaining

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D

A) invading C) exerting E) utilizing

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4. The findings indicate that there is a lower of cancer among vegetarians. A) incident C) decline E) replacement

B) liability D) supply

B) disturbance D) reversal

A) socially C) suitably E) reputedly

B) primarily D) firmly

7. A basic of amphibious warfare is undoubtedly command of the sea. A) withdrawal C) determination E) requirement

B) involvement D) concession

8. Even quite late in the twentieth century many men assumed that entry into certain professions was their right. A) independent C) adequate E) unaccountable

B) exclusive D) excessive

9. Bacteria have remarkable capacity for tolerance to previously lethal drugs. A) acquiring C) deceiving E) recovering

B) denouncing D) repudiating


10. Because critical periods occur throughout pregnancy, a woman should continuously her health.

14. When people think of democracy they generally couple it with a amount of liberty for individuals and groups.


A) desolate C) delicate E) drastic

11. In the early twentieth century, a number of scientists, who had been trained as physicists, were interested in the study of biological organisms, and their efforts the field we now call molecular biology.

15. Galileo, Descartes and many other European thinkers helped to lay the foundations of today's global education system.


A) took leave of C) gave rise to E) fell apart

B) made up for D) showed up

C

12. In the introduction to this book, the writer a foreign policy that makes world peace the top priority. B) holds out D) puts on

A) increasingly C) repeatedly E) selectively

B) constantly D) reluctantly

16. The respectability that Britain on America's actions is worth more to America than the provision of any amount of military aid. A) transmits B) proclaims C) distributes D) commissions E) confers

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A) calls for C) keeps up E) brings about

B) considerable D) sincere

D

13. The of capital punishment is another issue which has aroused widespread disagreement.

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B) contest D) distinction

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A) consultation C) abolition E) confiscation



18. In Italy, even judges and priests who have been brave enough to the Mafia, have been brutally and indiscriminately murdered.

A) application C) reference E) elimination

19. A motion study of assembly procedures the design and disposition of the bench, tools, containers and materials used.

C

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D w

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21. All science is the fact that every natural event has a natural cause. A) come across C) carried on E) set off

23. A detailed understanding of why the World Trade Center towers collapsed will mean that engineers can the lessons learned into future designs. A) participate C) incorporate E) demonstrate

B) reproduce D) reinstate

24. It was through the research of Sabine at Harvard at the end of the 19th century that the subject of acoustics was put on a scientific footing.

20. In an effort to airpollution levels in busy cities, driving is banned in 150 cities in Italy for 10 hours every Sunday. A) put up with B) force out C) cut back on D) move off with E) bring off

B) appreciation D) detention


A) stand up against B) put out of C) strike up against D) run over E) follow up

A) gets on with B) makes up for C) puts pressure on D) takes into account E) cuts free from

22. The practical of soil mechanics includes the design of foundations and earthretaining structures.

B) put through D) based on

A) random C) constructive E) competitive

B) quantitative D) selective

25. The probable resources of petroleum cannot be estimated as as can those of coal. A) considerably C) essentially E) accurately

B) ultimately D) suitably



1. Only after a great deal of pressure had been the registrar did he agree to give up the recovery ward in favor of a second operating theatre. B) taken to D) brought down

2. He claims he has a cure for the common cold, but I don't suppose he has. A) waited for B) made sure of C) put through D) taken care of E) come up with

A) disorders C) obligations E) recommendations

B) admissions D) obsessions

6. Biotechnology offers opportunities to improve the quality and value of foods.


A) weighed up C) put on E) turned over

5. In the past 25 years, new knowledge about cancer has led to changes in dietary for the public.

A) nutritional C) collective E) complacent

B) conditional D) deceptive

C

7. Studies of the survivors of the atomic bomb blasts and radiation accidents have demonstrated the leukemogenic effect of radiation.

3. Our pediatrician said we should always her if the little boy's temperature continued for more than 24 hours.

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D

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A) come across B) get in touch with C) look forward to D) make up to E) look into

A) reluctantly C) sensitively E) understandably

B) properly D) unmistakably

8. In a blizzard, the of very low temperatures, strong wind and suffocating snow often proves fatal. A) expectation C) engagement E) combination

B) endurance D) consistence

9. I'm afraid I can't the signature on this painting but it has been signed.

A) exposed C) restricted E) convinced

A) make out C) find out E) put down

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4. Malnutrition and under nutrition are not to the Third World; they also occur in affluent societies. B) permitted D) disposed

B) take out D) turn back


10. The top research universities in the U.S.A. are the fact that women researchers are encountering substantial barriers to career advancement. A) waiting for C) facing up to E) turning up

B) pulling out of D) trying out

A) made up C) ran through E) played down

A) potentially C) indifferently E) inadvertently

B) equivalently D) abruptly

15. Owing to the shortages in some building materials and labour in some trades, the building industry began to make more use of prefabricated.


11. His doctor advising him to take it easy for a while and stop all overtime but he didn't listen.

14. The ozone layer may still act like a protective blanket, but scientists continue to worry about the sun's lethal effects.

B) kept on D) left out

A) components C) reliably E) scarcity

B) immunity D) cavity

16. Every community in the world recognizes certain activities as crimes, and has developed its own way of them.

A) exclude C) distinguish E) assess

A) depending on C) looking after E) dealing with

C

12. Our understanding of the development of behaviour has long been hampered by the tendency to sharply between "innate" and "acquired" behaviour.

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B) separate D) infer

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A) conditional C) suitable E) vulnerable

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D

13. The government has recently made one million dollars for research grants concerning the prediction of earthquakes.

B) available D) considerable

B) breaking into D) making for

17. The visitors were taken to the airport, and there they were by the assistant manager. A) made off C) put through E) looked over

B) seen off D) turned out


18. I’m sure the boy is not really backward, but it is certainly difficult for him to the other students in his class.

23. In 1838, the area around the base of the Leaning Tower of Pisa was excavated to columns that had sunk underground.

A) pull up C) keep up with E) take over

A) descend C) enforce E) expose

B) make up for D) turn down

A) separation C) discrimination E) diversity

B) difference D) insurance

20. The origins of stress vary from person to person, and people differently to stressful events. B) rely D) react

C

A) refer C) adopt E) appeal

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21. This hotel certainly offers a high standard of service at rates.

B) competitive D) conceivable

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D

A) contemporary C) relative E) reliable

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22. Syndicalism embodies the idea that workers, through direct action, a general strike, should seize control over the means of production and hence gain political power. A) especially C) tremendously E) consistently

24. In the first half of the 20th century many scientists liquid crystals as chemical impurities with no scientific or practical merit.


19. Even in developed countries it is not unusual to see wage and job against women.

B) complete D) establish

B) previously D) respectfully

A) put down C) let go of E) left out

B) wrote off D) took care of

25. I hope predictions that we'll begin to oil around the year 2015 will convince people to use this precious resource more sparingly. A) run out of B) bring about C) slow down D) make do with E) send out for



1. It is now realized that forest sizes have a influence on the climate. B) compulsive D) controversial

2. Animal that live in large communities are much more dependent on each other than was previously believed. B) patterns D) species

C

A) instincts C) relatives E) habitats

3. I couldn't follow the section on quantum computers, but the rest is easy to understand.

B) permanently D) sensibly

D

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A) comparatively C) consequently E) comprehensibly

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4. In the future, surgeons may perform operations that we can only dream of today, such as inserting genes into single cells or correcting before a child is born. A) incisions C) defects E) forces

A) intensive C) impulsive E) optional

B) endemic D) intrinsic

6. Doctors can monitor a patient's temperature, pulse and blood pressure using twoway transmission equipment without needing to be present.


A) reliable C) significant E) sensitive

5. The rhythmic inflation and deflation of the lungs is not an property of the respiratory muscles.

B) remedies D) devices

A) remotely C) quite E) proportionally

B) physically D) increasingly

7. All patients with chronic bronchitis should be to give up smoking so as to have a better prognosis. A) urged C) discouraged E) established

B) limited D) distressed

8. With the increasingly ageing population in the UK "home telecare" now on the list of priorities. A) lights up C) makes do E) ranks high

B) looks up D) points out


9. The findings could also help researchers to ways to improve the brain's recovery after other kinds of damage.

13. In the wake of yet another financial scandal, the chief accountant handed in his to the director. A) retirement C) promotion E) vacancy

A) work out B) put out C) turn in D) bring through E) take over

B) redundancy D) resignation


14. The American constitution, with its various constraints to protect citizens, can actually shield criminals.

10. Acid rain only became a environmental issue in the 1980s following groundbreaking studies in the 1970s. A) previous C) reckless E) prominent

B) complained D) designed

B) deceitful D) destructive

15. The foreman has a way of making most people do what he wants, but somehow I don't think he'll manage to the new director.

C

11. Using the dam to generate power would not the treaty with the neighboring country, but diverting water out of the river would.

A) get around C) turn over E) rule out

B) make up for D) keep up with

B) betray D) convert

D

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A) intimidate C) violate E) fetch

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12. The that terrorists use to move money from regions that finance them to their target country are often identical to those used by criminal gangs. A) regulations C) provisions E) admissions

A) discovered C) persuaded E) displayed

B) methods D) laws

16. The man who created the first computer virus has been sentenced to 20 months in an American federal prison, and it is generally agreed that he has been very lightly. A) shown up C) taken down E) brought in

B) let off D) given up


17. Today, after a decade of isolation and a devastating war, Iraq faces the daunting of reconstructing its economy. A) task C) effort E) achievement

B) jeopardy D) failure

A) occasional B) distinguished C) competitive D) subjective E) prevalent

C

19. Most of the world's fishing grounds are being depleted by overfishing.

B) inadequately D) inevitably

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A) favourably C) fairly E) property

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D

20. The Chinese government has Morocco a 6.4 million USD loan for the construction of three dams to supply drinking water to the country's rural areas. A) invested C) estimated E) ventured

A) holds up C) pulls through E) writes out

B) deals with D) points out

22. Some readers of the novel may feeling that the plot structure le not wellorganized.


18. This table is certainly a rare example of 18th century furniture and the carving on the leg was at that time.

21. The article that Martin Luther King's fundamentalist views were foreign to his liberal allies.

B) allocated D) ranged

A) fall through C) get away with E) get off

B) end up D) make up

23. The Abel Prize in mathematics is intended to finally the gap left by Alfred Nobel, who chose to ignore mathematics when he established the Nobel prizes. A) fill C) avoid E) exceed

B) link D) refuse

24. Reef scientists have compiled, what could be the most compelling yet, that farming is harming the Great Barrier Reef. A) circumstance C) evidence E) controversy

B) proposal D) discussion

25. In many parts of the world mains electricity is still or even nonexistent. A) convenient C) deliberate E) impressive

B) aggressive D) unreliable



A) diversely C) currently E) greatly

B) plausibly D) adversely

C

2. by data from the Galileo mission to Jupiter, scientists think a 40,000 km thick molten layer of metallic hydrogen lurks below Jupiter's clouds.

D

3. When World War I began, one military item that no nation in large numbers was the helmet.

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B) had on hand D) kept on

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A) took over C) made up E) put up with

B) distinguish D) interfere

5. The world of medicine changes so fast that it is impossible to with most of the latest developments. A) look over C) look forward E) keep up

B) make do D) bring forth

6. There are certain signs of improvement in his general condition so the doctors feel he is going to . A) break down C) make up E) clear out

B) pull through D) bring off

7. The liver receives a quarter of its blood from the hepatic artery.

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A) Got over B) Carried away C) Put off D) Played out E) Backed up

A) adjust C) indicate E) induce


1. During the 1960s the agronomist and food technologist Norman Borlaug launched what was called "the Green Revolution", which reduced hunger in underdeveloped countries, by creating highyielding varieties of wheat and rice.

4. A spirometer can be used to between obstructive and restrictive forms of lung disease.

A) substance C) supply E) sample

B) condition D) connection

8. It has long been known that various micro organisms exist in the atmosphere, but formerly scientists were not able to identify them . A) indirectly C) potentially E) perpetually

B) occasionally D) accurately


9. The reaction between amino acids and sugars is for the colour and flavour of cooked food and occurs when other plantbased foods are fried, baked, roasted or toasted. A) responsible C) convertible E) measurable

13. The distinction between a language and a dialect is a difficult one. A) precisely C) compulsively E) flexibly

B) notoriously D) suitably

B) dependent D) avoidable


10. Now that formal has been given by the government, the project team can be recruited.

14. Japan is often as an example of a country that has managed to keep its national defence orientated industries entirely separate from foreignowned companies. A) deduced C) deceived E) cited

A) reference B) apprehension C) approval D) expression E) determination

C

11. Certain new findings suggest that young calves may be more than older cows to bovine spongiform encephalopathy (BSE). A) reluctant C) intimate E) relative

B) delayed D) withdrawn

15. The general feeling in the court was that several of the witnesses were information that could have a direct bearing upon the case. A) expressing C) avoiding E) declining

B) withholding D) disrupting

B) hazardous D) susceptible

A) disasters C) admissions E) illusions

A) keep up with B) make sure of E) sort out

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D

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12. Champions of the green movement regard the internal combustion machine as one of the biggest in history.

16. The population of the underdeveloped countries is growing so fast that the agricultural activities there are unable to the progressively rising demand for food.

B) rejections D) denials

C) look out for D) bring up


17. Among the Maori of New Zealand, each community has developed its own way of crimes and has chosen a number of different punishments to match them. A) holding up B) coming along C) dealing with D) paying for E) taking over

A) response C) appreciation E) achievement

B) benefit D) disposition


22. Apparently as much as 20 per cent of London fires are started .

18. French law that all food products sold in France should have the contents listed in French. A) stipulates C) suspends E) treats

B) dominates D) confides

C

19. Most people would be by the idea of a computer that contains living brain cells.

B) turned down D) played down

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A) made over C) found out E) put off

A) reputably C) preferably E) compulsively

B) appropriately D) deliberately

23. Small children often become unsettled if they are forced to spend long stretches of time in a space. A) considerable C) restricted E) rejected

B) selected D) potential

24. The of bromine in the Dead Sea water is 100 times that in the ocean. A) extraction B) concentration C) composition D) complexity E) sufficiency

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D

20. Their aim must be to the barriers that hinder the free flow of information between employees, systems and devices. A) run up C) pull through E) turn down

21. An indirect of winning the photographic competition was the offer of more work.

B) close up D) break down

25. With a gestation period of six months, bats are the slowest reproducing mammal for their size and therefore especially to extinction. A) applicable C) variable E) vulnerable

B) reliable D) sizeable



1. Iodine remains a mysterious substance; and , the iodine in the sea is in a constant state of chemical change. B) comparably D) apparently

2. In the steel industry there has been a progressive increase in capital outlay; but fortunately this has been by a fall in labour costs.

3. The fuel used by ships and aircraft to bring food and drink to Britain 4 million tonnes of CO2 emissions.

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B) deals with D) gets through

D

A) bangs out C) accounts for E) spends up

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4. Ideally, the production of any given commodity will be at the point of minimum costs. A) found out C) made over E) looked for

B) arise D) vary

6. She's certainly recovering quite well from the operation, but she doesn't going back to teaching a class of 8 yearolds! A) do well by B) look down on C) feel up to D) make up for E) find out about

B) conducted D) rejected

C

A) accompanied C) reinforced E) engaged

A) compare C) perceive E) maintain


A) comprehensively C) conditionally E) excessively

5. The energy needs of adolescents greatly, depending on the current rate of growth, body size and physical activity.

B) brought up D) carried on

7. The article gives a lucid account of the measures being taken to deal with SARS and it is useful graphs and maps. A) taken up with B) backed up with C) set down to D) made out to E) brought up with

8. Diets rich in whole grains, legumes, vegetables and fruits seem to be protective against cancer, but identifying the specific foods or of foods that are responsible is difficult. A) levels C) rates E) components

B) benefits D) agencies


9. Cardiovascular disease is the leading cause of death around the world today, especially in many developed countries.

13. He admitted that he was resigning from the post because he felt it did not make sufficient call on the combative and elements of his nature.

A) essential C) continual E) comprehensive

A) introverted B) selfassertive C) reserved D) selfcontained E) submissive

B) average D) single

A) closely C) cautiously E) preventably


10. There are no asexual mammals in nature because our growth and development have become connected with the sexual process. B) discreetly D) scarcely

B) describes D) indicates

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A) promises C) inflicts E) involves

C

11. A fresh look at the final months of the presidency of John F. Kennedy that a second Kennedy term might have produced a rapprochement with Cuba.

D

12. Sometimes a seemingly modest business deal can change the whole of an industry.

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B) expression D) relapse

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A) expansion C) course E) vitality

14. If he wants the contract, he must let us know by Tuesday; we can't keep the offer open . A) infinitely C) conclusively E) indefinitely

B) decisively D) reluctantly

15. This new anthology of poetry, edited by Brian Johnson, is not only a judicious selection of the best poems but also a major work of serious . A) decision C) disturbance E) scholarship

B) edition D) enthusiasm

16. The richer countries make it possible for drug companies to provide products that are in the poorer regions. A) exceptional C) decent E) patient

B) sensible D) affordable


17. The Vikings gave the whole of Europe a hard time, their close neighbours across the Baltic. A) especially C) consecutively E) pitifully

B) previously D) considerably

A) delivered C) prevailed E) resisted

B) exceeded D) restrained

19. In Roman times the theatre at Miletus was seating 1,500 people.

B) capable of D) replaced by

C

A) prepared to C) made into E) released from

B) showed up D) turned out

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D

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20. They telephoned from the library to say that they had found the book I was looking for, but it to be the wrong edition. A) put over C) made out E) came up

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21. In 1838, the area around the base of the Leaning Tower of Pisa was excavated to columns that had sunk underground. A) descend C) enforce E) expose

A) put down C) let go of E) left out

B) wrote off D) took care of

23. I hope predictions that we'll begin to oil around the year 2015 will convince people to use this precious resource more sparingly.


18. By the 2nd century A.D., peace and order once more in Rome's outlying provinces.

22. In the first half of the 20th century many scientists liquid crystals as chemical impurities with no scientific or practical merit.

B) complete D) establish

A) run out of B) bring about C) slow down D) make do with E) send out for

24. It is now realized that forest sizes have a influence on the climate. A) reliable C) significant E) sensitive

B) compulsive D) controversial

25. Animal that live in large communities are much more dependent on each other than was previously believed. A) instincts C) relatives E) habitats

B) patterns D) species



1. I couldn't follow the section on quantum computers, but the rest is easy to understand. A) comparatively C) consequently E) comprehensibly

B) susceptible D) fragmentary


6. The whole of society may suffer if its government is attacked; , the entire body is harmed if the brain is damaged.

C

B) keep up with D) pull out of

3. Osteoclasts are cells that bone in the normal course of bone replenishment.

A) otherwise C) on the other hand E) however

B) similarly D) nevertheless

7. Scientists are biotechnology to develop highly effective drugs in the fight against currently incurable diseases. A) invading C) exerting E) utilizing

B) justifying D) retaining

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B) pull through D) put out

D

A) show off C) break down E) cut off

A) exemplary C) compatible E) confident

B) permanently D) sensibly

2. Medical science is advancing at such a pace that it is virtually impossible to all the latest developments even within one's own specialist field. A) take up C) carry out E) look down on

5. The relationship between smoking and lung cancer has been heatedly discussed for many years, but until recently the evidence about it has been both and conflicting.

A) incident C) decline E) replacement

B) disturbance D) reversal

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8. The findings indicate that there is a lower of cancer among vegetarians.

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9. As the new fieldworker will be working in close with several others, make sure you select someone with an agreeable personality. A) uniformity C) collaboration E) productivity

B) suspicion D) discretion


10. Sponsorship is being increasingly allowed in schools provided it is regarded as being with educational curricula. A) considerate C) decisive E) provocative

B) predictable D) compatible

A) potentially C) concisely E) controversially

B) remarkably D) memorably

C

12. Each year, large amounts of carbon monoxide are into the atmosphere by automobiles and factories. B) emitted D) repulsed

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A) absorbed C) exchanged E) compelled

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D

13. The first two paragraphs the particular requirements of the digital environment as the source of data and as a means of producing maps and other visualisations. A) lay emphasis on C) break through E) look down on

A) conditioned C) debated E) regulated

B) prevailed D) confirmed

15. So far, the United States has detained over 350 in relation to the terrorist attacks of September 11th.


11. The discovery of a cancer causing chemical in foods like crisps, chips and cereals caused shock waves around the world when it hit the headlines earlier this year.

14. The question of whether heredity or environment is more important in determining the course of human development has been constantly through the centuries.

B) run out of D) stop short of

A) natives C) colleagues E) captives

B) prisoners D) suspects

16. As a matter of fact, water infrastructure is so that most governments in underdeveloped countries find it extremely difficult to invest for safe water or sewerage. A) offensive C) obsessive E) expensive

B) conclusive D) exclusive

17. The words engraved on a gladiator's tomb are almost "I share the common destiny". A) reputedly C) decisively E) discretely

B) successively D) invariably


18. Muammar Gadaffi, the Libyan leader, has decided to the 22 member Arab League in response to its inefficiency in dealing with the crises in the Middle East.

19. It is feared that the new social policies introduced by the government of Singapore may the sensitive issue of race relations. A) stir up C) pay off E) put off

A) nearly C) fairly E) completely

B) initially D) fully

23. Maillart’s graphical analysis of this particular engineering problem mathematical complexity but could be applied to any cylindrical water container.


A) put up with B) pull out of C) be concerned about D) get away with E) fall in with

22. The local officials had wanted a steel bridge to span the river, but finally agreed to a reinforced concrete one.

A) avoided C) abused E) released

B) deterred D) negotiated

B) make out D) hold up

24. Couldn’t we ensure that all critical networks are kept securely from the rest of the world?

C

20. Acid rain now presents scientists in Asia with every bit as demanding as those faced in Europe at the end of the 20th century.

D

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21. The majority of obsolete pesticide stocks in Africa originate from local producers, or have been the result of purchasing policies. A) impressive B) conspicuous C) repulsive D) inappropriate E) influential

B) left out D) made over

B) intentions D) responses

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A) contradictions C) challenges E) deceptions

A) taken away C) put down E) cut off

25. A great many socalled useful gadgets sound great in theory but in practice, don’t you agree? A) make do C) turn over E) keep up

B) pull down D) fall short



5. Patients seeking to scars have several options depending on the depth of the scar.

A) challenges B) consultancies C) components D) ingredients E) options

6. PTSD sufferers often feel emotionally numb and the people closest to them.


1. Biochemical engineers are key players in the great biomedical that lie ahead including the preparation of an HIV vaccine.

A) look out for B) make do with C) get rid of D) turn down E) throw up

2. The malaria parasite is a much more and devious opponent than we ever imagined. B) relative D) indefinite

C

A) preferable C) reliable E) dangerous

3. Many people who get cancer sores get them , perhaps one or more times a year.

A) deceit C) alteration E) concern

B) obligation D) disturbance

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4. Airway inflammation is a pivotal event in the development of asthma and appears to its severity. A) target C) undermine E) encourage

7. These novels illustrate the author's for the struggles of young people and the proper help that should be given.

B) sensitively D) repeatedly

D

A) entirely C) painfully E) scarcely

A) put up with B) cut off from C) make up to D) come up with E) run out of

B) determine D) obstruct

8. The quartet's rendering of Mozart is good, but l have mixed feelings about the Schubert collection. A) exceptionally C) preferably E) impartially

B) sensitively D) impulsively


9. The book is surprisingly lucid and manages to make the controversial field of evolutionary psychology to the average intelligent reader.

13. When people think of democracy they generally couple it with a amount of liberty for individuals and groups.

A) susceptible C) available E) exclusive

A) desolate C) delicate E) drastic

B) conducive D) indulgent

B) considerable D) sincere

14. Galileo, Descartes and many other European thinkers helped to lay the foundations of today's global education system.

A) enforce C) exceed E) employ

A) increasingly C) repeatedly E) selectively


10. America's subsidies to its cotton farmers have long been a noteworthy example of the harm that rich countries' subsidies on the poor. B) provide D) Inflict

B) constantly D) reluctantly

15. The respectability that Britain on America's actions is worth more to America than the provision of any amount of military aid.

A) puts off C) breaks up E) shows up

A) transmits B) proclaims C) distributes D) commissions E) confers

C

11. As Egypt its biggest irrigation project, the Pharaohs' dream of spreading their kingdoms into the deserts coming true.

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B) embarks on D) tries on

D

12. The of capital punishment is another issue which has aroused widespread disagreement.

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B) contest D) distinction

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A) consultation C) abolition E) confiscation



17. In Italy, even judges and priests who have been brave enough to the Mafia, have been brutally and indiscriminately murdered. A) stand up against C) strike up against E) follow up

B) put out of D) run over

A) relevance B) establishment C) impact D) perception E) improvement

C

B) inflated D) destroyed

D

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A) reconciled C) captured E) erupted

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20. India has dozens of halfcompleted water projects, not to mention a , centuriesold infrastructure of forgotten local watersupply systems.

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B) plentifully D) remarkably

22. Apparently the drop in farm incomes had nothing to the introduction of modern farming methods. A) close down C) sort out E) do with

19. Had this 70mlong asteroid entered the Earth's atmosphere, it could have — a large city.

A) perishable C) vast E) sensitive

A) efficiently C) wastefully E) speedily


18. In 1994, seven countries signed an accord, agreeing to guidelines designed to minimize the of salmon farming on wild fish in the north Atlantic.

21. Researchers attending the World Water Forum in Kyoto last year argued that collecting and using water more — would lessen the need for more dams.

B) stable D) predominant

B) make out D) force out

23. Most of our exposure to organic mercury eating oily fish such as tuna. A) plays up C) comes from E) puts up with

B) turns into D) finds out

24. In the future, surgeons may perform operations that we can only dream of today, such as inserting genes into single cells or correcting before a child is born. A) incisions C) defects E) forces

B) remedies D) devices


25. The rhythmic inflation and deflation of the lungs is not an property of the respiratory muscles. B) endemic D) intrinsic

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D

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C


A) intensive C) impulsive E) optional



1. Doctors can monitor a patient's temperature, pulse and blood pressure using twoway transmission equipment without needing to be present. B) physically D) increasingly

2. All patients with chronic bronchitis should be to give up smoking so as to have a better prognosis. B) limited D) distressed

C

A) urged C) discouraged E) established

3. With the increasingly ageing population in the UK "home telecare" now on the list of priorities.

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B) looks up D) points out

D

A) lights up C) makes do E) ranks high

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4. The findings could also help researchers to ways to improve the brain's recovery after other kinds of damage. A) work out B) put out C) turn in D) bring through E) take over

A) recommended C) compelled E) impaired

B) reduced D) consolidated

6. Pakistan the Indus and its tributaries for almost half of its irrigation supplies.


A) remotely C) quite E) proportionally

5. Their Prime Minister has been able to act more aggressively in the past year because he has his power within the government.

A) turns back C) takes to E) relies on

B) waits for D) pulls up

7. The auroras are caused by the of solar winds with gases in the Earth’s atmosphere. A) intersection C) interaction E) distraction

B) completion D) perception

8. It seems strange to us now that miners and others employed in dangerous work should not have demanded the provision of headgear. A) forceful C) relentless E) intensive

B) obstructive D) protective


9. In the past 30 years, our knowledge of the ancient Maya civilization has increased as a result of the decipherment of a newly discovered script. A) significantly C) suspiciously E) conditionally

B) alternatively D) persuasively

13. Since the 1951 takeover of Tibet by China, Tibetans have occasionally, but unsuccessfully, against their Chinese masters. A) settled C) allied E) revolted

B) bargained D) proposed

14. In the opinion of some leading economists, Germany as a whole has certainly not been over the past decade.

A) diversion C) distinction E) defect

A) taking on C) coping with E) holding out


10. It is indeed a beautiful vase but its value is obviously impaired by this in the handle.

B) attribute D) preservation

A) irrepressible B) impulsive C) improbable D) indispensable E) arrogant

C

11. Competition is generally regarded as an ingredient in the search for efficiency and innovation.

B) doing well D) piling up

15. I can't believe that the treasurer really has with all the club's funds. A) turned over C) made out E) put up

B) cut off D) run off

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16. Fossilized bones are fragile and can easily be damaged by to the air.

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A) Eventually C) Currently E) Recently

A) exposure C) resistance E) restoration

B) compression D) appearance

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D

12. , consumerspending in France is strong, but could soon be weakened by rising unemployment.

B) Inevitably D) Conclusively 17. Highenergy cosmic rays, which are more in space than on Mars or Earth, could deliver dangerously high radiation doses. A) impressive C) fragile E) prevalent

B) compulsive D) innovative


18. The pointandclick actions of the computer mouse have made it an popular alternative to keyboard and textbased commands.

22. Apparently there is a significant between activity in a specific area of the brain and individual differences in temperament.

A) increasingly C) effortlessly E) objectively

A) association C) combination E) reference

B) assertively D) exactly

B) revelation D) indication

23. At various times, most people experience anxiety, depression and sleep disturbance, but these symptoms are usually in nature.

A) locate C) abandon E) exclude

A) reluctant C) excessive E) transient


19. In years when nut and berry crops are poor, birds may be forced to their territories and search for food elsewhere. B) reach D) reserve

B) hold up D) try out

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A) cope with C) run through E) break into

C

20. This particular herbicide seems to be environmentalfriendly, and they plan to its effect on broadleaved plants.

D

21. The moon maps are incomplete but it is hoped that the 2008 lunar orbiter will the gaps for us.

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B) fill in D) put over

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A) make up C) lay out E) work out

B) compulsive D) predominant

24. By septic shock is meant a disseminated bacterial infection. A) consequently C) widely E) sufficiently

B) superficially D) selectively

25. Most examples of hormone deficiency states can be to glandular destruction, caused, among other things, by surgery or infection. A) attributed C) increased E) located

B) stimulated D) induced



1. Patients want to believe that their physicians them as people, not just as patients. B) care about D) look into

2. Iron must be in the reduced or ferrous form for absorption to . A) come across C) turn on E) get across

B) make do D) take place

C

3. The of wasting in people with AIDS is similar to that seen in people who die from starvation. B) solution D) reversal

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A) degree C) cure E) relief

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D

4. Only a few foods supply amounts of vitamin D, notably those derived from animals. A) decisive C) compulsive E) alien

A) precisely C) potentially E) forcefully

B) crucially D) preferably

6. Normal dietary iron intake cannot usually for iron loss from chronic bleeding.


A) put up with C) take after E) pull through

5. By protecting the global community from infection before it strikes, one can save millions of lives.

B) significant D) previous

A) compensate C) request E) exchange

B) account D) ensure

7. Recent findings answer key questions about how tumour cells residence in other parts of the body. A) cut down C) slow down E) take up

B) pull up D) wait for

8. When a tissue is injured, a rapid chain of events the production of fibrin, a stringy, insoluble mass of protein fibers that forms a clot from liquid blood. A) holds up C) breaks down E) puts out

B) makes up D) leads to

9. In an aircraft, the cabin lights are dimmed during takeoff and landing to help passengers to themselves to darkness in the event of an emergency. A) modify C) resume E) relate

B) accustom D) associate


10. Jean Chritien after more than ten years as Canada's prime minister. A) steps down C) runs out E) points out

B) makes out D) holds up

14. In the 1990s the Belgian government was involved in numerous scandals that contaminated it with a reputation for incompetence and . A) participation C) corruption E) certainty

A) disturbance C) circumstance E) denial

15. Queen Mary’s attempts to restore Catholicism to England during her reign (15531558) resulted in turmoil and much bloodshed.


11. A fair proportion of the workforce now work from their homes, a that has been made possible by computers. B) destination D) support

A) internal C) stable E) versatile

12. North Korea is to abandon its nuclear programme without specific security guarantees from America and promises of lots of aid. B) nasty D) unlikely

C

A) sincere C) boastful E) provisional

D

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13. Pharmaceutical firms are wary of devoting money to new antibiotics whose sales can be limited by the development of resistance in the target microbes.

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A) accurately B) adequately C) severely D) complacently E) confidently

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B) despair D) dislike

B) reasonable D) arrogant

16. In spite of the widespread effects of Christianity on the AngloSaxons, they clung to many of the superstitions and customs from their pagan past. A) hardly C) rapidly E) urgently

B) firmly D) fairly

17. In 1968, Bermuda, which used to be a British colony, was a new constitution and autonomy except for foreign relations, defence and internal security. A) leased C) appropriated E) abolished

B) exploited D) granted


18. The trouble with golf as a hobby is that it too much of one’s time. A) turns over C) gives up E) takes up

B) looks for D) puts out

A) influentially C) fundamentally E) conveniently

23. The idea of changing CO2 into petrol was certainly an attractive one, but it was soon . A) repeated C) deceived E) inferred

A) set up B) pulled through C) set aside D) put up E) made out

B) successfully D) continuously


19. The Council of Europe, the continent’s oldest political organization, was in 1949 to defend, among other things, human rights and the rule of law.

22. Africa's deserts are spreading owing to cycles of drought together with overfarming and overgrazing.

B) discredited D) implied

24. By one account, the team the desired compound in just three days. A) drove through C) came up with E) made up for

A) consideration C) replacement E) significance

25. The government's nuclear adviser that so far no radioactive contamination has been found outside the test site.

C

20. When considering eye colour in birds, it is important to make a between the eye wattle, which is the coloured skin around the eye, and the iris colour.

D

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B) contribution D) distinction

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A) responsive C) indefinite E) major

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21. The US government demands exemptions from a worldwide ban on the use of methyl bromide, a pesticide that damages the ozone layer.

B) eager D) susceptible

A) points out C) sets up E) gets in

B) turned over D) put up with

B) puts out D) takes over



1. In England, the general public’s of medical advice from the government stems from the fact that, in the past, such information has often proved vastly inaccurate. B) inadequacy D) distraction

2. Many researchers now focus on poverty and poor education as explanations for mortality.

B) put over D) cope with

6. The correct time to start a baby on solid food its needs and readiness.

B) intense D) occasional

A) builds up C) cares for E) slows down

B) depends on D) puts forward

7. Unless you use your computer , you can't expect it to function well. A) surely C) recently E) soundly

B) particularly D) properly

C

A) probable C) preventive E) excess

A) take over C) fill out E) pull through


A) approval C) mistrust E) preference

5. The worst fires firemen have to are those that emit stifling smoke and noxious gases.

3. Heart disease, stroke and lung cancer constitute 35 per cent of all deaths in the US.

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B) readily D) fairly

D

A) together C) exactly E) well

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A) prescribed C) disturbed E) deduced

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4. Controlled diet studies that saturated fat increases cholesterol levels.

B) confirmed D) regretted

8. In China's largest psychiatric facility there is a serious lack of resources but the staff try hard to this in their treatment of the patients. A) come up with C) put up with E) make up for

B) go in for D) set oat for

9. It's worth remembering that his of the downward trends in output over recent years is not the only one. A) interpretation C) compliance E) intention

B) departure D) discretion


10. The Gulf countries have achieved substantial progress regional integration the past 20 years.

14. For the information systems to work properly, you need to the technology to suit the situation.

A) through / of C) for / on E) towards / over

A) convince C) reduce E) explain

B) into / with D) over / by

B) adjust D) sustain

15. Though it is fashionable to denounce negative campaigning, every political expert knows it can be effective.

A) subtle B) demonstrative C) deliberate D) excessive E) attractive

A) defiantly C) extremely E) lately


11. In the case of opera, the benefits of being able to experience the whole production from the comfort of your armchair are very .

C

12. The Maastricht Treaty, which laid down the rules for euro membership, says that governments may not have budget of more than 3% of their GDP.

B) restrictions D) allocations

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A) deficits C) rates E) assets

B) suitably D) sensitively

16. There were plenty of people willing to the experiment as the subject, “controlling emotions”, attracted them. A) fill out B) take part in C) watch out for D) make do with E) open up

A) reluctant C) relentless E) resentful

A) hold up C) call out E) set up

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D

13. The European Commission is opposed to any change in current banking practices.

17. Finally, the commissioners settled on a short, simple, constitutional amendment granting Congress the authority to guidelines for selecting temporary members in an emergency.

B) emotional D) crucial

B) bring down D) serve up


18. Copper is replacing aluminium in the metal interconnections on some chips to improve . A) creativity C) sustainability E) respectability

B) credibility D) conductivity

A) defensive C) comprehensive E) forceful

B) excessive D) regrettable

20. Wouldn’t it be wonderful if science and scientists were taken more in the political process?

B) seriously D) ingeniously

C

A) sullenly C) satisfactorily E) pretentiously

D

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21. The Sun’s gravitational pull on the moon is more than twice that by the Earth. B) undertaken D) replaced

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A) attempted C) magnified E) exerted

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22. A mystery virus has more than 90 per cent of some bird species in India. A) found out B) broken through C) turned up D) wiped out E) put off

A) died out C) used up E) ended up

B) taken off D) run down

24. Damage to the liver is the main health for longterm heavy drinkers.


19. It is hoped that these projects will lead to a better understanding of typhoons and improve shortterm weather forecasting.

23. The report emphasizes that, due to serious acidification in the coastal waters, many marine organisms have .

A) consideration C) attentiveness E) regulation

B) conclusion D) examination

25. Health risks from pesticide exposure are probably small for healthy adults, but children, the elderly, and people with compromised immune systems may be to some types of pesticide poisoning. A) hostile C) severe E) vulnerable

B) substantial D) reversible



1. The amount of alcoholic drinks a person can consume safely is individual, depending on genetics, health condition, sex, body composition, age, and family history. B) worthily D) highly

2. For people who have a family history of a genetic disorder but no symptoms, a predictive test can help a person’s risk for developing the disorder in the future. B) remove D) arouse

C

A) sustain C) determine E) represent

3. If adenosine triphosphate (ATP) supply does not demand, muscle contraction ceases.

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4. A wise vegetarian does not solely the products made of textured vegetable protein, but learns to use a variety of whole foods instead. A) set out C) draw up E) make for

6. Satellite television transmission now makes it for us to watch events as they unfold in other countries. A) worldwide B) substantial C) aware D) commonplace E) liable

7. Latin American countries on average export only about 10 per cent of their products to other Latin American countries but 20 per cent of them to the US. A) almost C) respectively E) extensively

B) fairly D) initially

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B) keep up with D) run out of

D

A) make up for C) account for E) give up

A) coincidence B) correlation C) consideration D) determination E) interpretation


A) violently C) offensively E) loudly

5. A strong exists between a country’s wealth and the freedom afforded its citizens.

B) take along D) rely on

8. Until the sixteenth century, when the first international postal agreement was , there was no postal system as we know it today. A) assigned C) enacted E) conducted

B) maintained D) seized


9. There has been increasing pressure in the US to the amount of funding allocated to foreign aid, and instead, use the funds to improve the domestic economy.

13. The search for truth rational guidelines, and, though some of our subjects may lie on the outer limits of scientific research, we examine them through science’s lens.

A) make up for C) keep up with E) take up with

A) demands C) reaches E) establishes

B) point out to D) cut down on

A) reference C) device E) appreciation

14. The term “geography” the English language in the 16th century from Latin and ultimately Greek, at the time when European navigators were beginning to explore Africa and the New World.


10. Foreshadowing is an established literary that adds layers of meaning to events or details in films and literary works.

B) relates D) orders

B) indication D) deception

A) broke into C) carried away E) came into

B) turned out D) went on

15. If this business goes on in such an awful way, it will hundreds of unemployed.

A) familiar C) fluent E) subsequent

A) do without B) hang around with C) end up with D) go up against E) make out for

C

11. Due to its geographical position, historical heritage, and strategic importance, Strasbourg was chosen as a seat for various European institutions.

D

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B) rich D) elective

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A) additionally C) ultimately E) accurately

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12. The endlessly flat landscape and thousands of miles of wellmaintained cycle tracks make cycling an popular activity in the Netherlands. B) effectively D) extremely

16. In the life sciences, biologists need to be more aware of the between science and technology. A) approach C) complexity E) gap

B) departure D) extremity

17. The theory is interesting enough, but is it ? A) solvable C) intensive E) resistant

B) expressive D) coherent


18. However incredible we may now find it, engineers did not welcome the idea of a general purpose microchip.

22. The ___ of lactose intolerance varies widely among ethnic groups, indicating that the trait is genetically determined.

A) instantly C) crudely E) reliably

A) conversion C) recession E) supply

B) urgently D) scarcely

A) excuse C) pursue E) deliver

23. Some evidence suggests that weight training can raise HDL if undertaken regularly, but frequent and sustained aerobic activity may be more lowering LDL and raising HDL.


19. His efforts to the threat of global warming with new forms of energy have been much appreciated. B) counter D) uphold

A) tentative C) factual E) protective

20. The amount of fish caught did not the massive increase in vessel tonnage and fishing effort.

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C

A) pull through B) make do with C) keep pace with D) come across E) break out of

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D

21. Home heating, which less than 7 per cent of all energy consumed in the US, has had a commendable efficiency record. A) accounts for C) joins in E) brings out

B) prevalence D) notice

B) comes with D) picks up

B) irrelevant D) effective

24. The army psychologists ___ initiated treatment, and so he soon regained his confidence as a soldier. A) promptly C) obviously E) imminently

B) vaguely D) relunctantly

25. Red blood cells contain haemoglobin, which enables them to carry oxygen from the lungs and ___ it to all parts of the body. A) contribute C) deliver E) guide

B) organize D) transform



1. When someone chokes on food, it is because the food has slipped into the air passage and breathing. B) kept on D) switched off

2. The vitamin portion of a coenzyme allows a chemical reaction to , while the remaining portion of the coenzyme binds to the enzyme. B) get off D) take place

C

A) put on C) catch up E) settle down

3. The laws concerning the breeding of animals for research could turn out to be to the of medical research.

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B) detriment D) preference

D

A) admission C) exclusion E) cohesion

B) deceptively D) voluntarily

6. What are some of the things that differentially affect siblings and help their success or failure? A) pursue C) recreate E) reinstate

B) recognize D) determine

7. Solar heating never in the US because of the cost and limited winter sunlight in most areas. A) caught on C) turned over E) looked back

B) played up D) waited on

8. In their to overcome the anti social effects of modern architecture, architects have directed their attention to more informal settlements. A) avoidance C) attempt E) development

B) condition D) involvement

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4. At present, interest rates are comparatively ; let’s hope they remain that way.

B) uneasy D) comprehensive

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A) frequent C) consecutive E) steady

A) completely C) notably E) relatively


A) given in C) set out E) cut off

5. In some parts of Western Europe, in France, Denmark and Sweden, cohabitation has become almost as common as marriage.

9. Much of our knowledge of the lives of the ancient Romans has been derived from the excavations at Pompeii and nearby Herculaneum. A) pretentious C) complete E) extensive

B) daily D) convenient


10. The growing closeness between China and the Gulf nations has not gone unnoticed in the rest of the world, most in the US. A) similarly C) relatively E) notably

B) vaguely D) equally

A) divide C) vary E) dismay

A) obligation C) solution E) objection

B) distract D) tend

15. A combination of factors made the 1984 accident in a storage tank at a Union Carbide plant in India almost . A) crucial C) vulnerable E) permanent

12. As a family we are used to moving from one part of the country to another, and we usually pretty quickly in each new home. B) move round D) come

C

A) run through C) turn down through E) settle down

D

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13. The EU recognizes that progress on human rights around the world the cooperation and collaboration of many groups and individuals.

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B) makes up D) depends on

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A) gets into C) takes off E) puts off

B) contribution D) condition


11. Language learning can in interesting ways across different societies and cultural settings.

14. The greatest to the spread of nuclear technology and nuclear power reactors to developing countries is that it will increase the risks of nuclear weapons proliferation.

B) inevitable D) bearable

16. In the opinion of most scientists, engineering does not offer universally acceptable solutions. A) randomly C) necessarily E) extremely

B) previously D) excessively

17. Scientists suggest that huge amounts of greenhouse gases will be into the atmosphere if rising temperatures cause the Arctic permafrost to melt. A) produced C) disrupted E) joined

B) accelerated D) released


18. Several research groups have been racing to how to regenerate hair cells. A) figure out C) connect with E) make up

B) go for D) set up

A) keep up C) lead to E) find out

B) bring over D) show off

C

20. When taken in doses of more than 10 times the recommended daily , vitamins A and D are toxic. A) maintenance C) application E) allowance

A) collectively C) randomly E) dramatically

B) adequately D) respectively

23. The goal of the Neuroscience Research Programme is to our understanding of the neuronal systems involved in a variety of neurological disorders.


19. An important aspect of the application of mathematics is that different ways of making mathematical sense of everyday questions different answers.

22. Despite a preoccupation with body image and weight loss, the prevalence of obesity in the US continues to rise .

B) exposure D) advice

B) relate D) increase

24. The body resists starvation by its own tissues and using them as a source of calories – much like burning the furniture to keep the house warm. A) getting off B) breaking down C) carrying out D) following up E) making for

D

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21. Many people with a regular exercise programme accept minor injuries and soreness as an almost component of their programme.

A) rank C) implicate E) interact

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B) available D) expansive

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A) irrelevant C) inevitable E) irreversible

25. Billions of useful bacteria colonize our guts, but because antibiotics are lethal to a whole range of microbes, drugs taken for a chest infection, for example, friendly bacteria too. A) wipe out C) build up E) move in

B) sort out D) take back



1. Anthony Powell, the contemporary British novelist, shows in his writing great familiarity with the work of Proust while avoiding much direct to him. B) dependence D) reference

2. Despite its small population and remoteness, Australia occupies a powerful position in global science in general and life science in particular.

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D

B) solely D) inadequately

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4. Soccer’s many creative possibilities in part from its being played on such a large field. A) entail C) conclude E) derive

6. The process of economic and social reforms that began in the 1990s in some developing countries has had a profound on the functioning and adjustment of their labour markets. A) dismissal C) impact E) distrust

B) recovery D) recognition

7. Ever since the remains of ancient states and cities were first discovered, the collapse of their civilizations has been a focus of debate and inquiry. A) consistent C) vulnerable E) impressive

B) implicit D) competent

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3. The Allied bombing campaign against Germany in World War II exacted terrible damage on the country’s factories, transportation network, population, and very limited fuelproduction capacity. A) already C) immediately E) rightly

B) tie up with D) set down

B) sizeable D) extensive

C

A) ultimate C) relative E) recurrent

A) keep away C) make up E) take on


A) interest C) quotation E) obsession

5. Kosrae is the smallest of the four island states that the Federated States of Micronesia (FSM), the largest and most populous political entity that emerged after World War II.

B) consist D) claim

8. The Arawak Indians were the first to inhabit Grenada, but they were all massacred by the belligerent Carib Indians. A) fairly C) eventually E) rarely

B) previously D) principally


9. In the advertising industry, it is a maxim that a message needs to be often in order to be both understood and appreciated. A) repeated C) negotiated E) settled

B) engaged D) involved

A) head towards C) show up E) try on

B) stand for D) carry out

C

11. Children can different roles, work through conflicts, and attempt various methods of communication, all under the pretence of play. A) go along with C) get in E) fall back on

B) give up D) try out

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B) hesitation D) dedication

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D

A) disturbance C) encouragement E) spectacle

B) rarely D) directly

15. In the 1940s, computer pioneer Konrad Zuse began to that the universe might be nothing but a giant computer continually executing formal rules to compute its own evolution. A) denounce C) empower E) speculate

13. According to kinetic theory, the absolute temperature of a gas is directly to the average kinetic energy of the molecules. B) fundamental D) proportional

B) pressurize D) evade

16. In recent years, carbon dioxide (CO2), a naturally occurring greenhouse gas, has been as a result of activities such as the burning of fossil fuels and deforestation. A) setting out C) going out E) reaching up

12. Marine biodiversity ensures that ecosystems recover relatively quickly after an accidental or natural .

A) experimental C) negligible E) exceptional

A) pleasantly C) considerably E) fully


10. In narrative poems, characters often certain ideas or heroic qualities which the poet wishes to celebrate.

14. At times during the last Ice Age the North Atlantic thermohaline circulation was weaker than it is today.

B) building up D) coming in

17. The movement of electrons within electromagnetic waves some of the wave’s energy, affecting the properties of the wave and how it travels. A) tells off C) finds out E) goes around

B) puts in D) uses up


18. Volcanoes are built by the of their own eruptive products, which are lava, ash flows, airborne ash and dust. A) accumulation C) explosion E) growth

B) destruction D) instability

22. Cells convert energy from one form to another and use that energy to various activities, ranging from mechanical work to chemical synthesis. A) turn off C) take in E) pick up

B) use up D) carry out

23. Throughout history, many in engineering and science have come about as the result of the development of weapons.

A) deceitful C) accessible E) gradual

A) applications C) representations E) amplifications


19. China and India serve as models for Africa because their experiences hold lessons for developing countries on how to manage economic and political transformation. B) persuasive D) irregular

B) resolutions D) innovations

24. Because of the time needed to develop expertise, scientists tend to continue working in a single area for a length of time, perhaps even throughout their lives.

A) unlikely C) rapidly E) tightly

A) substantial C) moderate E) comprehensive

C

20. In the largely closed economies of the Gulf, private as well as public funds have turned to real estate and equity markets, fuelling a dangerous speculative boom.

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B) nominally D) still

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A) removed C) explored E) retained

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D

21. Certain nations have the use of prenatal diagnostic techniques to select the sex of an unborn child; but, bribery and human ingenuity have made it easy for prospective parents to bypass the statute. B) outlawed D) sustained

B) thorough D) qualitative

25. Although the red flames of lithium and strontium appear similar, the light from each can be separated by means of a prism into different colours. A) excessively C) conventionally E) familiarly

B) distinctly D) properly



1. Shut the door and keep the dogs of the house. B) off D) in

2. Try to keep the children from the fire. They may get burn. A) away C) off E) in

B) out D) about

C

3. She always reads the paper and watches TV to keep with the latest news. A) up C) at E) about

A) at C) back E) aside

B) to D) down

7. Bob is trying hard to keep with the rest of his class. A) up C) in E) above

B) on D) down


A) away C) out E) about

6. He never let us down, for he always kept his promises.

B) in D) on

8. We should advise children to keep drugs. A) out C) away E) into

B) off D) in

9. She couldn't keep the secret from her parents. B) away D) apart

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A) out C) back E) across

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B) in D) about

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A) off C) down E) above

D

4. If he doesn't keep the expenses, he'll go bankrupt.

5. You will succeed if you keep doing it well. A) in C) on E) apart

B) with D) about

10. Look! The sign says: "Keep the grass". A) out C) away E) from

B) off D) in


11. If you keep your work, you'll like it.

16. People looked him as a great leader.

A) in C) at E) aside

A) to C) in E) down

B) with D) apart

B) forward D) above

12. Who is going to look the child while her mother is away?

17. I'm looking to visiting my relatives in California.

A) after C) at E) into

A) for C) up E) through

13. When she got the promotion, she started to look on the people she used to work with. B) for D) above

C

A) up C) down E) aside

14. At this moment, it's nonsense to look results.

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15. We must look all the applications before we decide to hire someone. A) for C) over E) in

18. He is really lucky! He got a room that looks on the sea. A) up C) out E) above

B) over D) into

19. I'm sure you have written that down. Look your notes and you will find it. A) round C) together E) across

B) at D) into

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B) for D) about

D

A) about C) in E) through

B) forward D) across


B) for D) above

B) up D) aside

20. Students usually look the counselor to help them choose a career. A) at C) into E) down

B) to D) above


21. If you don't know the word, look it in the dictionary. A) up C) at E) across

B) for D) into

22. The room was big, so they made it a conference room. B) of D) down


A) into C) on E) apart

23. The police don't know who made with the money of that big company. B) out D) above

C

A) for C) off E) along

24. I have already made my mind about it.

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B) into D) apart

D

A) over C) up E) towards

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A) in C) up E) up

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25. Nothing will make for their inefficiency. B) out D) above



1. He says he used to much more than that in his old job. B) win D) earn

2. The of the play included a famous Turkish film star. A) playwright C) cast E) stage

A) distracted C) prevented E) dissolved

B) obstructed D) restrained

7. The main road was blocked because of an accident two trucks. A) containing C) involving E) combining

B) fastening D) including


A) inherit C) gain E) acquire

6. A loud scream from the street me from my reverie.

B) acts D) scenes

A) happy C) outrageous E) involved

B) proud D) concerned

C

3. What does this pill have on a person's stomach?

8. When teenagers first get their driver's license, it is common for their parents to feel anxious and .

A) affect C) effect E) suspect

B) defect D) reflect

D

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4. I noticed that there were two buttons from his coat. B) losing D) dropping

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A) falling C) departing E) missing

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5. I think it was a gross to condemn her. A) impartiality C) fairness E) invasiveness

B) injustice D) penalty

9. A copy of the latest financial statement filed by this organization may be obtained calling our headquarters. A) by C) from E) to

B) for D) so

10. A tramp may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work, but he will never his eversoprecious freedom. A) suffer from C) surround E) derive from

B) hold on D) give up


11. I'm of seeing your stupid face around all the time.

16. Have you any idea as to who's going to over the meeting?

A) sick and tired B) bothered and fond C) jealous and angry D) displeased and disappointed E) unhappy and unwilling

A) protect C) provide E) preside

B) present D) preserve

17. Would you accept my ?

A) adapted C) adopted E) accustomed

A) apologize C) devise E) advise

B) advice D) practice


12. I'm not to going out after dark. B) adored D) afforded

18. So far, some fifty people have for the two vacancies we have.

13. When you are in Rome, you'll have to yourself to the ways and customs of the Romans. B) act D) alter

C

A) adapt C) imitate E) adopt

A) applied B) been appointed C) approved D) advertised E) addressed

14. The volcano is expected to any day now.

19. They say a woman might forgive an insult; but she would never forgive being .

A) expose C) restrict E) express

A) sacrificed C) ignored E) prohibited

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D

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B) erupt D) stimulate

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A) laid C) lain E) was laying

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15. She on the beach while her son splashed at the water's edge. B) lay D) lied

B) resented D) repented

20. Your words would seem to that Fadime is trying to steal your husband from you! A) gossip C) despair E) insult

B) imply D) infer


21. It is important to start for your children's college education from the time they are first born.

25. Many people feel that in the stock market is not a safe way to save for retirement.

A) saving C) choosing E) admitting

A) invest B) have invested C) being invested D) investing E) to be invested

B) selecting D) applying

A) resist C) contribute E) owe


22. When you to Life Across the Earth, you are supporting an organization committed to protecting the health and welfare of endangered species. B) refuse D) accuse

A) attendees C) historians E) lights

C

23. The Guest Inn is offering reduced rates to conference with proof of registration.

B) applicants D) cars

D

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24. Any passenger who requires extra should report to the gate at least a half hour before boarding. B) donation D) flight

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A) financing C) assistance E) safety



1. The report spoke of the excellent work carried out by the research team. B) outrageously D) gloomily

2. Lawrence was a masterful and lyrical writer, whose story takes us bodily the world of its characters. A) with C) from E) towards

B) along D) into

C

3. Her husband was always tired after doing such an job. A) arduous C) envious E) indifferent

B) intriguing D) obvious

D

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4. They are depressed because the latest unemployment figures are so .

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5. All employees had to cut down on traveling . A) expenses C) savings E) changes

B) in D) with

7. The country is faced yet another political crisis. A) in C) of E) with

B) to D) from

8. There is no scope advancement in this career. A) up C) at E) from

B) with D) for

9. She refused to eat meat under any . A) opportunities B) occasions C) reasons D) circumstances E) prices

B) bleak D) bitter

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A) unhappy C) lurid E) good

A) to C) on E) for


A) famously C) lazily E) glowingly

6. She is very devoted her family.

B) wages D) stoppages

10. New mineral resources may be discovered during the forthcoming to the Antarctic. A) excursion C) expedition E) assault

B) voyage D) migration


11. The university has excellent medical . A) facilities C) amenities E) needles

B) conveniences D) utilities

12. The new bikes are equipped with suspension to shocks. B) experience D) absorb

A) in the question of C) in the shape of E) as for

B) as to D) for

18. that he passes all his exams first time, he'll be qualified in under four years.


A) suffer C) improve E) emit

17. After the accident, there was considerable doubt exactly what had happened.

A) Considering C) Hoping E) Defining

B) Assuming D) Speculating

13. A property company was making a takeover for the supermarket site. B) bid D) proposal

C

A) proposition C) tender E) game

19. It would be helpful if you could the report into three or four pages. A) resume C) reduce E) separate

B) decrease D) condense

14. It's the Prime Minister's right to an election at any time he likes. B) nominate D) submit

D

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A) summon C) call E) cancel

20. The best soil was away by a torrential rainstorm. A) gushed C) flooded E) cleaned

B) flowed D) washed

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B) idea D) notion

16. Tax deprives the state of several billion liras a year. A) retention C) escapism E) evasion

21. I'd like to this old car for a new model but I can't afford it. A) interchange C) replace E) exchange

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A) right C) foundation E) claim

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15. Both her novels can lay some to being classics of modern literature.

B) desertion D) payment

B) transform D) convert


22. Despite his knowledge of climbing techniques, he was not considered enough to lead the expedition. A) reliable C) competent E) famous

B) experienced D) responsible

A) diverting C) faulty E) misleading


23. The opposition is accusing the minister of making a deliberately statement.

B) misguiding D) good

24. Try not to say anything hurtful to her. She is a very person. B) sensitive D) delicate

C

A) sensible C) tender E) fragile

B) wet D) sunny

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D

A) changing C) tropical E) harsh

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25. Winters in northern Alaska are very severe. The temperature is almost always below freezing. Strong winds add to the weather.



1. Mr. Jones has a very personality in class. All the students are afraid of him and do not question anything he says. B) reluctant D) agreeable

2. Although the professor questioned the of the student’s excuse, she allowed him to take a makeup exam. B) publicity D) validity

C

A) intensity C) security E) scarcity

3. The supply of gasoline is in relationship to its price. As the supply goes down, the price goes up.

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B) intense D) insufficient

D

A) inverse C) insecure E) parallel

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4. She had no of selling the clock: it had belonged to her grandfather. A) incentive C) benefit E) pretension

A) from C) to E) in

B) with D) of

6. If you Mary, could you tell her I'd like to see her? A) go into C) catch up E) run into

B) look after D) look into


A) dominating C) relaxing E) indifferent

5. Nobody's accusing you stealing the watch.

B) profit D) intention

7. A high school diploma is for entrance into college. A) required B) abandoned C) achieved D) accomplished E) issued

8. The horizon is an imaginary line. It doesn't really . A) happen C) live E) exist

B) take place D) seem

9. The quality standards prevailing much American industry are not good enough. A) in C) out E) off

B) for D) with


10. One measure of quality is the number of sets that come the end of the production line without defects. A) at C) into E) out

B) about D) by

A) for C) to E) on

B) with D) along

12. The staff at the hospital were well to deal with the epidemic. B) equal D) equipped

C

A) capable C) ready E) enlightened

A) preceded C) persisted E) assured

B) responded D) retained

16. Of all the countries in the world, China is the largest in population and Russia is the largest in . A) area C) proportion E) constitution

B) perspective D) technology


11. They are cheering the fact that they have survived another year.

15. The pilot Alice that flying is safe.

17. Jane wanted to buy some shoes to her new dress. A) match C) suit E) reflect

B) fit D) resemble

13. Students sometimes support themselves by of evening jobs.

18. I advise you to take to ensure that all your property is adequately covered by insurance.

A) ways C) efforts E) proposals

A) means C) steps E) care

D

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B) means D) methods

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A) practice C) signature E) institution

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14. Despite the high divorce rate, the of marriage remains popular. B) habit D) state

B) actions D) dealings

19. You should accept the job offer. A like that won't come again. A) charge C) chance E) charity

B) chase D) check


20. The unions are complaining about some of the terms and of our proposed new contract.

25. The design of the courtroom puts the defendant a disadvantage when he goes to trial.

A) prices C) commas E) conditions

A) at C) into E) along

B) payments D) confessions

B) in D) after

21. The illegal factories were shut . B) for D) about


A) by C) down E) to

22. I'm calling up concerning your outstanding . When can you settle it? B) bill D) bias

C

A) belief C) blunder E) blame

23. Since the late 1960s or early 1970s, politicians have been getting tough crime.

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B) into D) from

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D

A) towards C) against E) with

A) in C) for E) along

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24. The environment of prison was totally alien anything he had ever been exposed to in the past. B) to D) from



1. This paper towel can more water than that paper towel. B) obtain D) achieve

2. While traveling in South America, Nora found that delicious fresh tropical fruits were almost everywhere. A) conceivable B) attainable C) perceptible D) objectionable E) obtainable

A) assignment C) picture E) bomb

B) aspect D) assessment

6. I must admit I was shocked her behavior at the party. A) for C) at E) from

B) about D) by


A) perceive C) emit E) absorb

5. He wants me to carry out a special for the country.

7. I'm sure we would benefit from between our companies.

C

A) coexistence C) cheating E) fighting

3. John Glenn was the first American astronaut to the earth. B) phase D) label

8. The downturn in the market brought about the of the company. A) clash C) circulation E) collapse

B) idea D) cliché

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A) function C) orbit E) destroy

B) claim D) collaboration

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A) ignored C) dismissed E) resigned

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D

4. I tried to explain why I had been delayed but he my excuse as pathetic.

B) disregarded D) refused

9. Cellular phones are sold half price. A) at C) until E) into

B) over D) on


10. The tallest buildings in London are small in comparison those in New York. A) to C) than E) at

B) by D) of

A) amity C) obsession E) prejudice

A) comment B) competition C) complaint D) compensation E) company

16. She's suffering from a of iron and needs to take a course of tablets.


11. It is impossible to stop racial simply by legislation.

15. It's taking them a long time to deal with my . I'm not very happy.

B) tendency D) seclusion

A) defect C) tendency E) deficiency

B) deficit D) scarcity

12. Companies move abroad in search cheap labor.

17. I have no doubt his honesty.

A) with C) of E) on

A) in C) about E) with

B) on D) up

C

B) up D) to

13. Sony is more concerned reducing transit time.

18. Watching too much television has some harmful effects children.

A) about C) at E) into

A) in C) about E) on

D

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B) down D) against

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A) inclination C) habit E) character

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14. I'm not by a particularly ambitious man.

B) accident C) default

B) with D) off

19. Despite mounting pressure for his resignation, he has no intention stepping down. A) of C) on E) for

B) in D) with


20. Danny fell passionately love with Annie.

25. In the legal profession, men women by five to one.

A) by C) down E) of

A) overpower B) supersede C) overcome D) outclass E) outnumber

B) for D) in

A) undermined C) eliminated E) exhausted


21. Financial worries gradually his health and he was obliged to retire early. B) disabled D) invalidated

22. The two men argued so loudly that the police officer was forced to . B) reckon D) amaze

C

A) intervene C) amuse E) watch

23. Turkey's reliance imported oil is a major obstacle to its economic growth.

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B) to D) for

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D

A) in C) on E) of

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A) to C) of E) against

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24. We're going to phase the 2005 models next year. B) on D) out



1. I intend to put into practice some of the techniques in the seminar. A) supported C) advocated E) detected

5. Aggressiveness, the violent expression of selfishness, is relatively simple to explain in evolutionary . A) texts C) words E) terms

B) books D) lectures

B) expressed D) performed


6. People who smoke the risk of damaging their health.

2. There is a of plant which is found only in this particular valley. A) garden C) class E) species

A) take C) run E) pull

B) get D) put

B) specimen D) breed

7. Of course, it may rain, and in that we'll organize indoor events.

A) a while C) little time E) ever

B) no time D) when

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D

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4. You should a lawyer before you sign that document. A) counsel B) communicate C) consult D) check E) sue

A) case C) condition E) way

B) weather D) occasion

C

3. He enjoyed playing computer games at first, but after he got bored with them.

8. A prime minister cannot expect to have much time to to purely personal matters. A) deserve C) concentrate E) spare

B) devote D) reserve

9. He was barred from the club for refusing to with the rules. A) conform C) adhere E) comply

B) abide D) compile


10. There's no danger in using this machinery as long as you to the safety regulations. A) comply C) observe E) confer

B) adhere D) abide

A) refrain C) resist E) respond

B) exclude D) restrain

12. If anything, the generation is getting bigger and bigger in our day and age.

C

A) division B) partition C) gap D) separation E) isolation

A) in C) of E) on

B) to D) from

16. The new library system a great success. A) proved C) attained E) reached

B) effected D) ended in


11. Please from smoking until the plane is airborne.

15. That question is beyond the scope this book.

A) find C) conform E) maintain

B) regard D) judge

18. The two statements each other. A) invade C) abstract E) correspond

B) emit D) contradict

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13. Love, hate, joy, grief, fear are all .

17. I still it is a mistake to insist on constant economic growth.

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19. The tank of petrol was by a carelessly discarded cigarette end.

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D

A) considerations B) indications C) suppositions D) suggestions E) emotions

A) lit up C) exploded E) imported

B) ignited D) inflamed

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14. "We'll have to hold a more detailed examination to the exact nature of the tumour," said the doctor. A) regulate C) determine E) invent

B) mean D) develop

20. Expired passports are so that they cannot be used. A) endorsed C) nullified E) recycled

B) invalidated D) adopted


21. The people against the cruel king and took control of the government. A) processed C) issued E) eliminated

B) functioned D) rebelled

A) news C) reward E) score


22. I was very worried about the examination and it was a great to hear that I had passed. B) relief D) escape

23. Despite being a layman, he has an excellent of the biological principles involved.

B) cognizance D) hold

C

A) grip C) way E) grasp

24. I resented his in my affairs.

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B) persistence D) indifference

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D

A) interference C) insistence E) worry

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A) alternative C) equivalent E) idea

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25. There is no for hard work and perseverance if you want to succeed. B) substitute D) imitation



1. After he had finished his medical course, he research into the causes of heart disease. B) made D) followed

2. The book's success exceeded his wildest . A) dreams C) prospects E) expectations

B) for D) with

7. We've had a flood of about this decision. A) complaints B) competitions C) resolutions D) compensations E) companions

B) anticipations D) calculations

8. He's the sort of boring speaker that uses lots of wellworn .

C

3. The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably.

B) printing D) transmission

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A) distribution C) subscription E) circulation

D

4. There were over 30,000 at the match.

A) clashes C) publications E) conundrums

B) citizens D) clichés

9. He spent the winter in the north of Norway and had problems coping with the inhospitable . A) choice C) climate E) coincidence

B) coercion D) collection

B) witnesses D) watchers

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A) viewers C) spectators E) lookers

5. The waiter Kuala Beer into my glass. A) filled C) reached E) tossed

A) of C) in E) to


A) did C) took E) offered

6. The reason this meeting is to discuss the merger.

B) poured D) threw

10. If you carry on like this, it's going to end in a headon with Sarah. I'd advise you to back off a bit. A) clash C) circulation E) collapse

B) love D) coincidence


11. Nintendo's new game is not due the autumn of 2005.

16. I think I need to study French a few months before I go there.

A) of C) of E) on

A) for C) while E) by

B) by D) with

A) at C) until E) into

B) over D) on

13. On the Faroe islands they insist continuing with their barbaric slaughter of whales. B) over D) on

D

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14. A better understanding of the Earth's climate requires a better understanding of the interaction the planet's geophysical processes and the dynamics of the Solar System as a whole. B) to D) into

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A) in C) from E) between

15. What did you do you were in London? A) during C) by E) for

A) hesitant C) urgent E) wary

B) cautious D) considerate

18. I imagine he will be quite to stop us. A) capable C) potent E) good

B) feasible D) keen

C


17. The government should be of making promises of higher living standards that it may not be able to keep.


12. Although the programmer had taken the rotation of the Earth account, he had forgotten that the Earth also rotates round the sun.

B) since D) during

B) while D) since

19. His speech was careful and , but his words seemed to make no sense. A) disappointing C) pointless E) various

B) distinct D) suspicious

20. The choir stood in four rows according to their heights. A) respectable C) respective E) disrespectful

B) respectful D) respected


21. Technology is advancing so quickly that machines become almost overnight. A) obsolete B) archaic C) stale D) secondhand E) new

A) visible C) inquisitive E) noisy


22. Our neighbors are so : one of them always seems to be watching us from an upstairs window. B) studious D) spying

23. This bomb is of destroying an entire city.

B) able D) necessary

C

A) feasible C) possible E) capable

B) pick out D) pull up

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D

A) find out C) hold up E) bring up

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24. Can you try to what time the concert starts on Saturday?

A) by C) during E) since

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25. I came up with a great idea I was thinking about my class. B) for D) while



1. I'm afraid it's time for him to go a diet. B) in D) on

2. Deep inside the earth, two thousand miles beneath its surface, pockets of molten rock can be found in a region many scientists did not expect to find anything but solid rock. B) which D) while

C

A) when C) where E) whereas

3. Just as temperature varies at different parts of the earth's surface, there also seem to be large temperature differences 2,000 miles beneath the earth.

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A) slightly B) nearly C) hardly D) tremendously E) negligibly

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4. They how the waves created by an earthquake at the surface of the Earth reverberate through the interior before being detected on the other side. A) get at C) look at E) give in

A) causing C) destroying E) reversing

B) rivaling D) reflecting

6. Dr. Siu’s new study the history of Hong Kong both before and after the British occupation.


A) for C) by E) at

5. Agriculture will be a major driver of global environmental change over the next 50 years, the effect of greenhouse gases in its impact.

B) fathom out D) bring about

A) converts C) directs E) occupies

B) encloses D) covers

7. The toy car was destroyed a naughty boy. A) with C) of E) by

B) out D) on

8. She wants to set a good example her son. A) about C) on E) for

B) in D) from

9. The newspaper is very interested that photograph. A) by C) down E) to

B) for D) in


10. It is measured billionths of a meter.

15. For centuries Rome was the power in the Mediterranean.

A) against C) out E) in

A) overruling C) general E) inevitable

B) for D) by

11. Stop getting my nerves! B) at D) into

16. If a juror states that he opposes the death penalty, he will be excused serving on the jury.


A) on C) down E) above

B) superlative D) supreme


B) to D) from

12. She's not interested in such a sort of job. B) inchoate D) curious

C

A) indignant C) soliciting E) mundane

17. A large number of people who are antiabortion are most adamantly the death penalty. A) towards C) against E) with

B) into D) from

13. He looked a bit at the ceremony in jeans and Tshirt.

B) incongruous D) incorporated

D

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A) inchoate C) indigenous E) indecisive

18. There is a strong contingent of pro death jurors sitting the jury pool. A) at C) into E) along

B) in D) after

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A) measure C) think E) assume

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14. Most people the government's economic policy as a success, claimed the spokesman. B) consider D) believe

19. Edinburgh is known the Athens of the North. A) for C) as E) in

B) by D) with


20. You will have to come to a/n soon. A) outcome B) determination C) result D) decision E) claim

A) with C) of E) on

A) equally C) similarly E) so

B) the same D) alike

22. All courses at the college are offered on a fulltime basis unless indicated.

C

A) further B) notwithstanding C) below D) differently E) otherwise

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D

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23. These suggestions are to be accepted by the majority of members. A) unlikely B) impossible C) undoubtedly D) inconceivable E) unbelievable

B) up D) to


21. Religion and politics interest him almost .

24. Marks were deducted irrelevance of ideas. A) towards C) as E) with

25. Some students prefer working in learning groups outside the classroom.

B) into D) from



1. all the subjects the school curriculum, perhaps the most difficult subject is the study of language. A) With / in C) Of / in E) On / in

B) Up / at D) To / by

5. Can you the TRT World Service on your new radio? A) put on C) get at E) see through

6. He electrified the packed with his presentation. B) audience D) bank


A) awareness C) attitude E) aversion

2. This must be a special type of writing paper, for it gives a very pleasant smell. A) out C) aside E) through

B) take in D) pick up

B) apart D) across

7. If you in behaving in this way you, will bring yourself nothing but trouble.

B) continue D) react

C

A) persist C) decide E) insist

3. Because of cutbacks in council spending, plans for the new swimming pool had to be . B) overthrown D) disrupted

D

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A) stockpiled C) shelved E) presumed

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A) do C) over E) for

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4. I'm afraid we haven't got a spare bed. Can you make with a mattress on the floor? B) by D) up

8. His parents' hostile attitude him to leave home. A) drove C) made E) resulted

B) urged D) suggested

9. You've been overworking recently, and would find a holiday . A) benevolent C) expensive E) beneficial

B) essential D) profitable


10. He spent his entire life round the world, never settling down anywhere. A) scattering C) transporting E) jogging

B) scrambling D) roaming

A) reminiscence C) recall E) recollection

A) with C) for E) of

B) to D) in

16. Your argument that Britain is still a great power, but this is no longer the case.


11. I have absolutely no of the conversation you refer to.

15. The decrease profits is due to the bad market.

B) reminder D) resource

A) outlines C) concerns E) succeeds

B) presupposes D) presents

12. Dogs have such an sense of smell that they can track a person after several days.

17. I'm worried about the Stock Market and I've decided to build up my liquid .

A) ultimate C) ethnic E) aware

A) articles B) aspects C) assertions D) assessments E) assets

C

B) acute D) external

13. The man who was arrested finally to being a spy.

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B) denied D) agreed

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D

A) objected C) confessed E) rejected

18. I think we have committed a monumental here. How can we put it right? A) belief C) blunder E) blame

B) bill D) bias

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14. There is no that the new agricultural policy has been in any way disastrous. A) indiscretion C) indecision E) prediction

B) indication D) inducement

19. His poetry moved us its quiet dignity. A) in C) out E) down

B) for D) with


20. Nobody likes waiting the traffic lights. A) for C) up E) in

B) on D) off

25. He told the court that it was his desperate poverty that had him to commit the crime. A) driven C) induced E) compelled

B) derived D) brought

21. He got out of bed and took a few but couldn't go any farther. B) starts D) actions


A) stages C) sounds E) steps

22. The in Scotland was so magnificent that most of the photographs I took were of lakes or mountains! B) scene D) territory

C

A) scenery C) land E) region

23. The factory is in a suburb of Istanbul.

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B) situated D) surrounded

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D

A) placed C) built E) enveloped

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A) did C) put E) had

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24. The whole team a great effort to raise money for the expedition. B) made D) took



1. You will have to pay COD, on delivery. B) catalogue D) caution

2. It's a time to be careful. We need to proceed with the utmost . A) cash C) case E) addition

A) on C) by E) from

B) to D) in

7. With the advent compulsory education, large masses of people had an opportunity to have formal education.


A) cash C) case E) addition

6. He says he has lost faith justice in this country.

B) catalogue D) caution

A) in C) of E) off

B) from D) by

8. At the beginning of the school year, every teacher is a classroom.

A) up C) on E) along

C

3. My boss is fully satisfied my work. B) with D) by

B) for D) from

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D

A) against C) in E) by

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4. I'm astonished his lack of concern for proper planning.

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5. In spite of the continuing quest a cure for the disease, no visible progress has yet been made. A) in C) from E) by

B) for D) against

A) allocated C) sorted E) compensated

B) distributed D) registered

9. Public works projects have not significantly the unemployment situation. A) facilitated C) appeased E) deteriorated

B) softened D) alleviated

10. Buying a new car much planning. A) presumes C) values E) entails

B) endorses D) infers


11. The traffic is being because of the military parades.

16. The guilty man tried to his innocence.

A) diverted C) changed E) distinguished

A) comprehend C) emit E) insert

B) converted D) altered

A) overcome C) undermine E) underline

17. When Sylvia's father died, her boy friend was the first to her. A) confirm C) commit E) console

B) consider D) invert


12. We believe that the cumulative effects of renewed prosperity will expectations.

B) assert D) invade

B) surpass D) succeed

13. It's a good plan in theory; it to be seen if it works in practice.

18. He encountered many problems, but thanks to his he was able to achieve his goal.

A) waits C) lacks E) arrives

A) intervention C) insistence E) suggestion

B) persistence D) reverence

C

B) stays D) remains

14. The decision was to a later meeting.

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B) arranged D) delayed

D

A) cancelled C) made E) deferred

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A) reinforced C) assumed E) regarded

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15. Picasso considerable recognition and success during his lifetime.

B) attained D) absorbed

19. He gets a great sense of from his work with the mentally handicapped. A) fulfillment C) protection E) disgust

B) affection D) prosperity

20. The most important that he was responsible for was the use of Internet in teaching. A) novelty C) reformation E) innovation

B) reason D) introduction


21. The of television on young children has been debated frequently, as parents and educators feel that it can do much harm. A) application C) post E) cost

B) impact D) color

A) desires C) ideas E) tests


22. The library is a big one, and there are books to suit all . B) tastes D) likes

23. One of the problems local authorities have to deal with is the of plastic containers. B) disposition D) dissolution

C

A) dispersal C) displacement E) disposal

24. He might his ideas much better if he planned what he wanted to say.

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B) carry out D) make out

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D

A) put across C) look up E) bring on

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A) go into C) run into E) see to

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25. If you Mary, could you tell her I'd like to see her? B) look after D) look into



1. The 1990s have seen a general in aid to poor countries, largely because of fiscal pressures in many rich countries. B) decline D) compassion

2. The two archeologists have tried hard to read the inscription in old Latin, but I do not think they have what it really means. B) written off D) made out

C

A) got over C) taken after E) brought up

3. The children of today are healthier and better than those of the past, and far fewer of them die in infancy.

B) insure D) restore

6. Of course he cares his children's safety. A) about C) up E) in

B) on D) down

7. The current social security system is popular, partly because it is universal and partly because retirement benefits are related to contributions, so most people think the system is fair. A) extremely B) likely C) suitably D) indispensably E) favorably

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B) deprived of D) looked into

D

A) disposed of C) rounded up E) cared for

A) base C) reduce E) stem


A) consumption C) contingency E) expenditure

5. Space research is largely a branch of pure science, independent of any applications which from it.

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4. The whole business of having meals at fixed is nothing but a social convention and, in modern life, a matter of convenience.

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A) approaches B) substances C) intervals D) arrangements E) proportions

8. She is the oldest person in the village, 92 years old to be precise, and has a word of advice for everyone. A) fanciful C) eventful E) kindly

B) faithful D) futile


9. Our challenge is to our clients with the best possible advice and support enabling them to take the right decision at both strategic and operational levels. A) suspend C) improve E) respect

B) consult D) provide

A) adopted C) grafted E) expanded

B) insured D) scattered

C

11. Industry has developed rapidly in certain countries as raw materials are available there.

B) sparsely D) abundantly

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D

12. She helped her husband to build the business. B) on D) down

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A) for C) up E) in

B) elaborates D) resumes

15. When the chairman tried to explain his views to the shareholders at the general meeting, he was shouted down by them with cries of "Resign!" A) annual C) essential E) intimate

B) minimal D) ultimate

16. The Government is hoping to clamp on those working in the black economy. A) up C) at E) down

B) on D) back

17. She has a deeprooted in her own ability. A) belief C) blunder E) blame

B) bill D) bias

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18. He prefers to deal the computer matters himself.

13. The atmosphere the earth as if it were a huge roof. A) breaks up C) hangs over E) runs over

A) concerns C) complies E) accomplishes


10. Physically speaking, the Pacific Basin includes not only all those countries bordering on the Pacific coast but also the Pacific island nations across the ocean.

14. It is plain that the United Nations will not lift the sanctions unless the Iraqi government fully with the Security Council resolutions.

B) makes for D) puts out

A) in C) at E) down

B) for D) with


19. The old man's savings were considerable as he had a little money each week. A) put by C) put apart E) put out

B) put in D) put down

25. The whole system has to be and improved. A) overmanned C) overturned E) overhauled

B) overwritten D) overdone

A) slammed C) called E) turned


20. The price they offered for his old car was so low that he it down. B) brought D) shouted

21. Don't let that old rascal take you with his clever talk: none of it's true. B) in D) down

C

A) along C) about E) apart

22. The police are hunting for the . B) refugees D) solicitors

D

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A) immigrants C) fugitives E) officials

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B) fine D) money

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A) reward C) prize E) loan

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23. I wrote to my bank manager about getting a .

24. The monarchy is an these days. A) apocalypse C) endurance E) inevitability

B) ingenuity D) anachronism



1. The armies agreed to a for a week. A) treat C) trial E) contract

A) coexistence C) clock E) circumstances


B) treason D) truce


7. The desk was so with papers that it was hard to find anything.

2. You look nice in that . A) fitting C) fit out E) chart

B) outfit D) outline

A) burdened C) overrun E) messed

B) cluttered D) muddled

8. English food is an to human decency.

A) having C) having been

C

3. A few more functional elements, germanium perhaps a good candidate, may be discovered in the future. B) is D) being

A) affluence C) affront E) assault

B) essence D) anachronism

9. Practically all the population voted no. A) ineligible C) rural E) sinister

B) riveting D) rigid

B) join up D) hold out

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D

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4. We're rather short of people to organize the trip, so do you think you could ? A) take on C) fix up E) count in

6. I don't like you and I'm sure the feeling is mutual but we need to aim for peaceful or we'll both lose our jobs.

A) perspective C) opportunity E) reason

B) outlook D) likelihood

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5. He was very upset when the boss passed him and promoted a newcomer to the assistant's job.

10. Is there any of their getting tickets?

A) by C) over E) against

B) up D) aside

11. They are excited their trip to Rome next June. A) about C) by E) from

B) at D) for


12. I feel sorry Jack. He is so lonely these days. A) by C) about E) for

B) from D) at

13. We seldom had the to get out for an evening in town. B) occasion D) permission

14. I am profoundly convinced that power, not any particular economic system, is at the of human unhappiness.

B) competitor D) coward

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D

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15. Mary is far more intelligent than other children of her age. In fact, she is a . A) genius C) rival E) moron

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16. Forgive me saying so, but you talking nonsense. A) utter C) entire E) still

B) about D) by

18. Seemingly crowds of tourists invade our cities in the summer. A) innumerable C) countless E) infinite

B) endless D) unbound

19. These people live, a great extent, by fishing. A) to C) than E) at

B) by D) of

B) foundation D) ground

C

A) source C) root E) apex

A) for C) at E) from


A) possibility C) friend E) opportunity

17. Are you good golf?

B) mere D) extreme

20. Despite all his efforts in the stages of the race, there wasn't in fact much left he could do to change the inevitable. A) forward C) farewell E) fatal

B) fading D) final

21. It was very of him to leave you there all unprotected. A) noble C) admirable E) inconsiderate

B) kind D) polite


22. There's a here which says, "Beware of the dog!" A) notice C) label E) banner

B) flag D) billboard

A) fit B) match C) look good on D) go well with E) suit


23. I didn't say I didn't like it. It just doesn't my waist properly.

24. Will you kindly not me again till I've finished! B) interview D) interpret

C

A) interrupt C) interfere E) intervene

B) misguiding D) misleading

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D

A) diverting C) faulty E) remarkable

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25. The opposition is accusing the Minister of making a deliberately statement.



1. He was very upset by the of his English examination. B) failure D) success

2. Although we were angry at first, we laughed when we realized the of the situation. A) seriousness C) gravity E) urgency

A) for C) of E) in

B) from D) with

7. "How much is the ?" she asked the bus conductor.


A) result C) effect E) level

6. The semiconductor business is different the business of building big computers.

B) absurdity D) importance

B) price D) prize

8. The police have been ordered not to if the students attack them. A) combat C) challenge E) kill

B) retaliate D) rebuff

C

3. Employees who have a are encouraged to discuss it with the management.

A) fare C) cost E) fee

B) disturbance D) grievance

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A) hindrance C) disadvantage E) success

D

4. One should not even mention competitors name. B) by D) of

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A) to C) than E) at

5. Sparkling pools of water lay trapped among the rocks as the tide . A) removed C) retired E) receded

B) refilled D) refused

9. Frank would be more popular in the office if he didn't try so hard to himself with the boss. A) regard C) congratulate E) attach

B) sympathize D) ingratiate

10. The politician tried to arouse the crowd, but most of them were to his arguments. A) closed C) careless E) indifferent

B) dead D) enthusiastic


11. There has been a lot of controversy this issue. A) in C) from E) for

B) over D) against

12. There has been much dispute the question of legalized abortion. B) to D) against

13. The Prime Minister reaffirmed his commitment the reform program.

B) space D) range

17. No sooner had he sat down to lunch there was a knock at the door.

B) on D) against

A) when C) as E) so

B) that D) than

18. Owing to the fog, his flight from Karachi was . A) belated C) unscheduled E) momentous

B) overdue D) unpunctual

C

A) in C) to E) into

A) scope C) capacity E) area


A) for C) along E) over

16. Fred says that his present job does not provide him enough for his organizing ability.

14. What was all that about? B) say D) talk

D

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A) speak C) tell E) inform

19. She's totally; she never does anything she promises to do. A) unenthusiastic C) unreliable E) indifferent

B) disloyal D) illogical

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A) speak C) tell E) communicate

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15. I have some wonderful news to you. B) inform D) talk

20. A cat with two heads was a(n) addition to the show. A) literate C) attractive E) negative

B) unique D) common


21. Foreign policy has not been a issue in election campaigns for a long time now. A) major C) foremost E) complicated

B) top D) greater

A) silly C) careless E) sleazy


22. I think it would be most to invest your money in that company. B) stupid D) unwise

23. He reminded me our appointment tomorrow afternoon. B) in D) for

C

A) to C) from E) of

24. He marveled her choice of friends.

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B) from D) of

D

A) in C) at E) for

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A) from C) for E) to

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25. They applied more than 15 universities! B) of D) in



1. The soup would be more if you had put more meat in it. A) tasty C) tasted E) tasting

B) tasteful D) tasteless

5. Experiments on the interaction between B. cereus and gold ion showed that low concentrations of gold do not the spore formation of B. cereus. A) dissect C) affect E) deny

B) stem D) impose

A) quickly C) industriously E) easily

A) denies C) criticizes E) reveals


2. The travelers awaited the train's arrival.

6. The scientists' analysis that seismic waves hit an obstacle that causes the waves to change direction, or scatter.

B) eagerly D) abruptly

A) high C) roughly E) steeply

C

3. The rising numbers of those out of work are adding greatly to the government's problems. B) hard D) promptly

D

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4. By studying this scattering, they were able to draw about the boundary between earth's core and mantle.

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B) conclusions D) schedules

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A) pictures C) lines E) scales

B) avoids D) forms

7. It is unlikely that the Queen will agree to open the new Town Hall. A) mainly C) largely E) finally

B) highly D) greatly

8. Because the house was , the children enjoyed playing hide and seek in the empty rooms. A) adapted C) abandoned E) painted

B) maintained D) proceeded

9. Some schools have very rules of behavior which must be obeyed. A) strong C) solid E) lax

B) strict D) straight


10. This process tends to heavily slant the jury pool those jurors who are supportive of the death penalty. A) with C) from E) towards

B) along D) into


B) bill D) bias

12. The matter is very serious. We need to refer it to our advisory for consideration.

B) exclusive D) elusive

16. Bamboo is the fastest growing plant this planet. A) for C) to E) on

B) with D) along

B) boredom D) board

17. The inspector reported that office staff were rather in their attention to security. A) lenient C) loose E) easy

B) lax D) limp

C

A) book C) breakthrough E) breakdown

A) inaccessible C) evasive E) redundant


11. Somebody is going to have to shoulder the for what has gone wrong.

15. I've been trying to contact you for days but you seem to be very .

18. Banks usually charge a small fee to one currency to another.

D

A) body C) concern E) resolve

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13. Working together under such pressure created a strong between the team. They became very close.

A) acquire C) segregate E) convert

B) alter D) divide

B) anxiety D) bond


A) aimed at C) reflected in E) critical of

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19. The latest research offers the most significant body of experimental evidence answering the theoretical questions about changes in Fermi volume in quantum critical matters.

B) into D) from

B) interested in D) focused on


20. She called me assistance. A) for C) of E) in

B) from D) away

25. I think we need to adopt a firm in the accession negotiations with the EU. A) awareness C) attitude E) aversion

B) audience D) bank

21. He jumped his car and drove away. B) over D) on



22. My neighbors are very on camping holidays.

B) keen D) interested

C

A) eager C) enthusiastic E) astonished

23. Stir the salt in the warm water until it . B) dissolves D) digests

D

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A) melts C) breaks E) evaporates

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A) habitual C) traditional E) original

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24. Many crafts such as weaving are now being revived.

B) customary D) ordinary



1. You must stick to the plan whatever happens. B) rigidly D) utterly

2. We finally solved our problem a new device created by our research and development department. A) by means of C) on behalf of E) in case of

B) in favor of D) as for

C

3. me, I will be happy to dedicate a few extra hours to the cause.

B) practically D) utterly

7. I must impress upon you that the whole report is confidential. A) severely C) utterly E) strictly

B) purely D) rigidly

B) In favor of D) As for

8. The water soon in the heat. A) melted C) evaporated E) flowed

B) dissolved D) froze

9. I you that I had no intention of offending you. A) convince C) guarantee E) ensure

B) persuade D) assure

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A) By means of C) On behalf of E) In case of

A) really C) actually E) eventually


A) severely C) strongly E) conclusively

6. This museum has more visitors than any other in the world.

B) because of D) instead of

10. I'll have to ask my mother some money. A) by C) off E) of

B) for D) in

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A) according to C) in common with E) apart from

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D

4. You will have to remember that, John, no one wants to work on this problem.

5. My friend agreed lend me some books. A) to C) than E) out

B) up D) of

11. They show a deeprooted against buying foreign products. A) belief C) blunder E) blame

B) bill D) bias


12. He solved the problem the aid of his friends.

17. We’re all delighted your success.

A) in C) out E) off

A) by C) out E) from

B) for D) with

B) into D) for

13. The children all their flags as the procession passed by.

18. His wife becomes more and more preoccupied the children.

A) flew C) swung E) waved

A) with C) about E) out

14. What is usually called 'magic' is really a trick. The quickness of the hand the eye. B) deceives D) mistakes

C

A) protects C) disguises E) hits

B) to D) into


B) furled D) folded

19. I'm accustomed being treated with respect. A) in C) by E) about

B) at D) to

15. He hasn't worked in years and now lives on unemployment .

20. The World Bank has criticized Britain for not giving enough financial to developing countries.

A) benefit C) blow E) betrayal

A) allowance C) loan E) tip

D

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B) behavior D) battle

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A) finally C) at the end E) to the end

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16. After a long and exhausting journey, they arrived home . B) by the end D) at last

B) aid D) provision

21. His latest novel has his already considerable reputation. A) enhanced C) heightened E) embarked

B) enlarged D) expanded


22. In my opinion, standards of workmanship have over the years. A) aggravated C) deteriorated E) resulted

B) diminished D) entailed

A) superior C) supercilious E) superb


23. He has read widely but seldom thought deeply, so his apparent learning is really quite . B) superficial D) superfluous

24. Driving with brakes endangers not only yourself but also all other road users you encounter. B) insufficient D) effective

C

A) deficient C) inadequate E) defective

25. The woman attributed the death of her son poor medical treatment.

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D

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B) from D) about

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A) behind C) away E) to



1. Brian's father was preoccupied his stamp collection. B) up D) away

2. He's driven by an inner to succeed. A) compulsion C) concern E) contrast

B) concession D) comparison

C

3. I cannot find you that information. Our is down. A) concentration C) compromise E) concert

B) concept D) computer

D

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4. When I was made redundant, I was given a big check to soften the .

B) bitterness D) beauty

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5. Peggy has tried several times to give smoking, but she can't. A) for C) up E) in

B) virtually D) solely

7. Your decision will a great strain on our friendship. A) impose C) expos E) lead

B) propose D) suppose

8. I should be most grateful if you would give me a of this new typewriter. A) demonstration B) display C) showing D) manifestation E) scene

9. His seven children and two exwives are proving to be a financial to him. A) burden C) charge E) freedom

B) load D) debt

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A) blast C) bashing E) bickering

A) entirely C) barely E) totally


A) with C) of E) on

6. When he went to Egypt, he knew no Arabic, but within six months he became extremely fluent.

B) in D) down

10. These continual in temperature make it impossible to decide what to wear. A) fluctuations B) transformations C) exchanges D) agitations E) amendments


11. They drove through the countryside they were staying in France. A) during C) by E) for

B) while D) since

12. He was out of work six months before he found a new job. B) for D) while

13. I broke my arm I was playing squash. B) since D) during

C


A) bold C) daring E) frenzy

B) risky D) courageous

17. The police carried out a search for the missing diplomat.


A) by C) during E) since

16. I realized it would be far too to walk alone through those illlit streets of İstanbul after dark.

A) thorough C) throughout E) thoughtless

B) through D) thoughtful

18. Two other in his argument for his country's independence are worth a mention. A) notices C) effects E) claims

B) points D) reports

14. Being both spoilt and lazy, he everyone else for his lack of success.

19. I have had a of misfortunes.

B) criticized D) blamed

D

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A) charged C) condemned E) urged

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A) dwindle C) contract E) squeeze

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15. I was told that this material would not in the wash, but it has. B) shrink D) reduce

A) continuation C) omissio E) succession

B) repetition D) continuity

20. The music aroused an feeling of homesickness in him. A) intense C) intensive E) immature

B) intentional D) intended


21. The jury him of having committed the robbery and he was then sentenced to five years' imprisonment. A) accused C) convicted E) cleared

B) charged D) acquitted

A) laid C) ordered E) broken


22. Having the table, Mrs. Roberts called the family for supper. B) spread D) completed

23. You'll yourself a lot of time if you take the car. B) make D) spare

C

A) spend C) save E) run

24. June is always able to put words action.

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B) down D) against

D


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A) drain C) strain E) swear

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25. Working in the midday heat made him so much that his shirt stuck to his body. B) sweat D) transpire



1. He was to attend a meeting yesterday, but he was too busy to go. A) arranged C) intended E) believed

B) supposed D) obliged

6. The manufacturers are trying to speed the process of production. A) for C) up E) in

B) on D) off

7. You are always fishing for ! B) company D) comparison


A) compensation C) compliments E) complaints

2. I'm sure I made a(n) lot of mistakes in the test. A) horrible C) bad E) terrible

B) awful D) serious

A) complaints B) competition C) complaint D) compensation E) company

C

3. We would be wise not to the health warnings printed on each pack of cigarettes.

8. We are meeting stiff in this market.

B) scratch D) transcend

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A) assure C) adhere E) ignore

B) company D) comparison

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D

4. Please accept this champagne with the of the house.

5. They are aware the pollution problems. A) with C) of E) on

B) up D) to

9. Two, four six, eight and ten are numbers. A) pair C) even E) odd

B) dual D) double

10. Far more should be done to the sufferings of unwanted domestic pets. A) alleviate C) remove E) deteriorate

B) improve D) remedy


11. As a result of the strike, the government is urging people to be with electricity.

16. I'm sure two of the candidates are suitable, but the other one is a borderline .

A) economic C) economical E) sleazy


B) thrifty D) extravagant

A) continuous C) solid E) perpetual

B) constant D) continual

13. Jane held onto the dog's tail and wouldn't it, so the dog turned and bit her hand. B) process D) trace

A) in C) to E) for

B) from D) of

18. I confided my sister when I went to college. A) from C) for E) to

B) of D) in

C

A) torture C) release E) keep

17. John accounted all the missing materials.


12. An almost line of traffic was moving at a snail's pace through the town.


19. Your company has had a long and fruitful with mine.

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15. We need to determine the original of the problems. A) challenge C) celebration E) cooperation

A) assignment C) association E) aid

B) assistance D) assessment

B) During D) By

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D

A) Towards C) Along E) On

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14. the Christmas season, the mail slows from its usual 23 weeks to 45 weeks.

B) catastrophe D) cause

20. I am sure that it has effectively cut off many prisoners their friends and families. A) towards C) against E) with

B) into D) from


21. I don't approve of your appalling . That was no way to behave. A) conclusion C) conduct E) committee

B) conference D) conversation

22. It is not unusual visitors to wait for an hour or longer. B) with D) along


A) for C) to E) on

23. Oh dear, I've left my glasses in the garden. Could you go and them for me? B) carry D) fetch

C

A) take C) search E) catch

24. I’m having to pay yet another visit to the dentist.

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B) frightened D) afraid

D

A) dreading C) terrified E) scared

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A) concluded C) exerted E) confronted

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25. Yesterday, Mr. Brown a dog house for his grandson's dog.

B) constructed D) excluded



1. He was of forgery and sentenced to two years in prison. B) convicted D) confirmed

2. She is longing her boyfriend to return from overseas. A) against C) out E) in

A) secluded C) separate E) lonely

B) stagnant D) motionless

7. The train was by a heavy snowfall. A) postponed C) delayed E) burned

B) cancelled D) adjourned


A) charged C) accused E) committed

6. This is a nice spot. Let's have our picnic here.

B) for D) by

A) disbelieved C) ignored E) obeyed

B) rejected D) avoided

C

3. I think we can with the usual formalities since we all know each other already.

8. David the 'No smoking' notice on the carriage window and proceeded to light his pipe.

B) dispose D) dispense

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A) dispatch C) discharge E) disbelieve

D

4. He's always of his success. I'm tired of hearing about it.

B) proclaiming D) exulting

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A) boasting C) glorying E) yelling

5. The cause his problems is his family. A) of C) in E) to

B) for D) with

9. Numbers in the evening dancing class have rather badly. We may have to close it. A) dwindled C) reduced E) risen

B) deteriorated D) lessened

10. It’s the responsibility of the police to the law. A) compel C) enact E) urge

B) enforce D) force


11. I'm glad to say that the advantages of the plan the disadvantages.

16. My literature review six sections.

A) overbalance C) precede E) prevail

A) composes C) questions E) eliminates

B) overlook D) outweigh

A) integrated C) restricted E) proposed

B) rejected D) convened

13. At last night's concert, the audience in age from 19 to 75.

A) publicity C) annoyance E) publication

B) ambition D) confidence

18. In the allotment of the new lab equipment, was given to schools with below average budgets. A) conformity C) priority E) acceptability

B) selection D) access

C

A) interfered B) impelled C) obtained D) distinguished E) ranged

17. The actor guarded his privacy by avoiding as much as possible.


12. The manager asked the teenagers to leave the club because membership was to people over 30.

B) comprises D) participates

19. Every thing the British Royal family has is due to a(n) of birth.

B) suppressed D) abolished

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D

A) annulled C) cancelled E) encouraged

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14. Slavery was in the United States by Abraham Lincoln.


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15. The workers have cast doubt whether they have received fair treatment. B) in D) on

A) opportunity C) chance E) accident

B) privilege D) coincident

20. Erward always wants to be the best at anything, but I don't have such high . A) superstitions C) restrictions E) aspirations

B) inspirations D) visions


21. John's finally his operation now and is back at work. A) come across C) seen to E) got rid of

B) looked after D) got over

A) get on C) catch on E) take on


22. The children are completely different in character, but they very well. B) settle up D) carry on

23. She has put a lot of weight since last year. B) in D) down

C

A) by C) on E) up

24. Unchecked inflation could cause total economic .

B) distraction D) disruption

D

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A) distortion C) discomposure E) disposal

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25. The border incident led to a in the relations between the two countries.

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A) depression B) decomposition C) destitution D) depreciation E) deterioration



1. The supplier must respond customer demand. B) up D) to

2. The authors tried to meet the . However, there were only twentyfour hours remaining. They knew it would be impossible now to complete the novel. A) train C) deadline E) character

B) press D) publisher

C

3. The police feel that the increasing problem of juvenile is as much a responsibility of the parents as it is of the police.

B) to D) in

6. Architectural pressure groups fought unsuccessfully to save a terrace of eighteenth century houses from . A) disruption C) demolition E) disposal

B) destruction D) dismantling

7. Because of an unfortunate , your order was not dispatched by the date requested. A) hindrance B) oversight C) negligence D) transgression E) denial

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8. They have a one fifty chance of success.

D

A) circumstance B) consequence C) prosperity D) delinquency D) density

A) with C) for E) of


A) with C) of E) on

5. We have seen a fall prices recently.

B) in D) from

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A) deterrent C) prevention E) punishment

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4. Research suggests that heavy penalties do not act as a to potential criminals.

A) to C) on E) for

B) safeguard D) distraction

9. They could find no of the missing car despite an extensive search. A) clue C) indication E) ruin

B) remnant D) trace


10. his secretary wears the most extraordinary clothes.

15. I'll you with the books that you need.

A) With time C) Over time E) At times

A) enable C) order E) secure

B) At one time D) In time

A) in time C) to time E) on time

B) over time D) with time

12. There is a real demand new products. B) for D) with

C

A) of C) in E) to

16. If you can't always get out of doors, you should at least a few exercises every day.


11. It's wonderful! The trains here always leave, and nearly always arrive .

B) provide D) give

A) make C) follow E) walk

B) take D) do

17. I am profoundly convinced that power, not any particular economic system, is at the of human unhappiness. A) source C) root E) roof

B) foundation D) ground

13. The lecture was rather boring, but the discussion proved fruitful.

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B) subsequent D) successive

D

A) latter C) consecutive E) sequential

w

A) provide C) enable E) supply

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14. This book will you to learn English better.

B) make D) design

18. It is an offence to show against people of different races. A) distinction B) differentiation C) separation D) discrimination E) sympathy

19. The young explorers set up an expedition to the dangers involved in such a task. A) indifferent C) unaware E) despite

B) opposed D) contrary


20. I wish we could start again, but there is no way to put the back. A) coexistence C) clock E) position


25. He is fond chocolates. A) with C) of E) on

B) up D) to

21. He didn't do it voluntarily. He gave way to . B) coercion D) collection


A) choice C) climate E) coincidence

22. The judge ruled in favor the plaintiff. B) up D) of

C

A) to C) than E) out

23. This warehouse is in dreadful . We need to improve it urgently.

B) confidence D) confession

D

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A) condition C) attention E) condemnation

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A) conclusion C) conduct E) committee

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24. When John and Harry started fighting, it brought the meeting to an abrupt .



E) award Vocabulary for KPDS & ÜDS Test – 45

1. Our product is available in a range of . B) commercials D) distances

2. I derived great from your messages about my mother's death. Thank you all. A) sorrow C) condolence E) force

B) anger D) comfort

C

3. I've put up the project on our Web site and I would like to invite from all of you. B) jokes D) comments

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A) congratulations C) lectures E) signatures

D

4. I'm afraid I've developed a deep to this topic.

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B) audience D) bank

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5. He was presented with a Freddy, the highest you can receive in our profession. A) ban C) bargain

A) to C) on E) for

B) in D) from


A) colors C) sales E) warranties

6. Each of the chips was about 1 cm size.

B) authority D) ball

7. He continues to cling to the that he can do everything. But he really needs to delegate. A) belief C) blunder E) blame

B) bill D) bias

8. I'm happy to say that we have derived considerable from working with your company. A) benefit C) blow E) betrayal


9. Did you see Jack chance? A) at C) on E) in

B) for D) by

10. If you release us from this contract, we will offer you full, fair and generous . A) complaint B) compensation C) company D) compassion E) compass


16. bad weather, the trip will be postponed to next week.

A) complaints B) competition C) complaint D) compensation E) company

A) Because of B) In common with C) Instead of D) Apart from E) According to

12. World population, expected to be 9 billion (double the present population) by the year 2050, the conversion of natural ecosystems.

17. my fellow employees, I would like to thank management for all they have done to improve our situation.

A) has required B) requires C) will require D) is requiring E) has been requiring


11. I'm afraid his went into liquidation.

A) Because of B) In common with C) Instead of D) Apart from E) According to

B) at D) by

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A) in C) on A) for

C

13. Let's drive today. I think the bus drivers are strike.

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B) in D) for

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A) to C) from E) of

D

14. They were accused stealing the jewels.

15. I'd rather have wine beer. A) according to B) because of C) in common with D) instead of E) apart from

18. The film offers a rare glimpse an uncommon romance. A) in C) at E) of

B) for D) away

19. He was so desperate that he resorted violence. A) behind C) away E) to

B) from D) about

20. He couldn't find the word he was looking for, so he consulted his . A) timetable C) thesaurus E) president

B) state D) atlas


21. The prisoners enjoy special in that prison. A) punishments C) privileges E) appetizers

B) honors D) forces

A) discernibly B) distinguished C) disrupted D) distastefully E) delightfully


22. The new equipment was different from the old, and performed a lot better.

A) demobbed C) demolished E) desecrated

C

23. After colliding with the garage door, my neighbor was delighted to discover that the bumper of his car was indeed . B) defaced D) deformable

D

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24. Despite to work harder, productivity in the plant remained very low.

B) emissions D) exhortations

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A) exhaustion C) extrusions E) extractions

25. The doctor said the patient's condition was . A) deteriorating C) deriding E) diminishing

B) percolating D) marauding



1. Millions of people every day to downtown. B) commute D) mutate

2. He doesn't seem to have a good of the subject. A) groove C) grasp E) glimpse

B) grab D) grind

C

3. He was persuaded by a mixture of and threats. A) perfidy C) fortitude E) crime

A) tiring C) blank E) incredible

B) exciting D) satisfied

7. In Sweden, few people in the recent referendum. A) agonized C) scrutinized E) killed

B) defied D) abstained


A) transmute C) cohere E) convert

6. He gave me a look of incomprehension.

B) cajolery D) gleaning

A) deciding C) decisive E) divisive

B) decision D) decided

9. He has a very serious towards his work. A) attitude C) opinion E) nuance

B) view D) respect

D

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4. They have been charged for the accounts.

8. He is not a good leader: he is not enough.

B) enforcing D) fiddling

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A) endearing C) fraying E) pocketing

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5. He was one of the poets of his generation. A) forbearing C) foremost E) forgone

B) forerunner D) foreseen

10. Will you accept a check or do you prefer ? A) money C) payment E) bank

B) cash D) balance


11. The floor was covered with cigarette ends, bits of paper, and all sorts of . A) waste C) dirt E) innovation

B) rubbish D) dust

A) possession C) handling E) disposal

A) settle C) cover E) insure

B) reimburse D) claim

17. This travel guide is very useful, but it does not to cover all interesting things about the country.


12. As he was caught in of an offensive weapon, he was immediately a suspect.

16. Our salesmen normally their travel expenses from the company once a month.

B) ownership D) control

A) proclaim C) state E) suggest

B) announce D) expect

13. Advertising costs are no longer in reasonable to the total cost of the product.

18. The train the bay and then turned inland for twenty miles.

A) relationship C) measure E) height

A) coasted C) edged E) bypassed

C

B) matching D) proportion

B) defeat D) delay

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D

A) question C) storm E) misery

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14. As a tennis player, he was very competitive. He could not stand to lose. A would put him in a very bad mood.

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15. The woman was from hospital yesterday only a week after her operation. A) ejected C) evicted E) fired

B) expelled D) discharged

B) skirted D) sided

19. I heard the sound of the blind man with his stick. A) creaking C) pattering E) squeezing

B) ticking D) tapping

20. This man is so arrogant that he is completely to all criticism. A) impervious C) regardless E) sensible

B) unaware D) unconscious


21. receipt of the man's instruction, the girl immediately sent a telex message to Turkey. A) On C) With E) Of

B) In D) By

A) serve C) succeed E) labor


22. Speed limits on the road to protect pedestrians as well as motorists. B) prove D) intend

23. His poor handling of the business on negligence. B) edged D) neared

C

A) bordered C) approached E) insisted

24. What you say is true, but you could have it more tactfully.

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B) phrased D) remarked

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D

A) talked C) observed E) taken

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A) continuously C) unavoidably E) accidentally

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25. Whenever we plan to go for a picnic, it rains. B) invariably D) interminably



5. The illness spread all our attempts at keeping it in check. A) regardless C) despite E) but

1. Candidates should note that the for entries for the examination is 2nd December. B) term D) closure

A) assistance C) admittance E) sure

2. There has been a great deal of in the press about the results of the murder trial. B) prediction D) sensation

C

A) speculation C) contemplation E) blame

3. I didn't really want to see the film, but my wife was so to go that I finally agreed.

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B) sincere D) energetic

D

A) willing C) keen E) indifferent

6. Many local authorities realize there is a need to make for disabled people in their housing programs.


A) deadline C) period E) deadend

B) contrary D) against

B) conditions D) provision

7. The students visited the museum and spent several hours with the , who was very helpful. A) commissioner C) steward E) minister

B) bursar D) curator

8. Socalled economic laws may be to our society, but they aren't to all societies. A) valid C) sound E) radical

B) applicable D) apt

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A) postponed C) overdue E) overdone

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4. A solution to the problem of widespread tax evasion is long .

B) overdrawn D) outstanding

9. The whole place needs a(n) cleaning. A) full C) thorough E) inevitable

B) utter D) entire


10. The play was a success beyond her dreams. A) longest C) uttermost E) deepest

B) most vivid D) wildest

15. The patient's progress was very encouraging as he could get out of bed before the treatment started. A) nearly C) only E) suddenly

B) merely D) barely

16. When he woke up, he realized that the things he had dreamed about could not have happened.

A) thrifty C) generous E) repugnant

A) possibly C) certainly E) almost


11. My grandmother was very giving. Even if it meant she would have to do without something, she would give me presents. She was a truly person. B) stingy D) versatile

12. I don't think it's ! She does exactly the same job as I do, but she earns more. B) equal D) perfect

C

A) even C) kind E) fair

B) fertile D) volatile

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D

A) mobile C) docile E) imbecile

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13. The soil of this river valley is particularly .

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14. We go to the cinema about three or four times a year: in other words, just . A) usually C) generally E) abruptly

B) normally D) occasionally

B) likely D) potentially

17. Aunt Bertha is trying to her husband to buy her a fur coat. A) persuade C) talk E) have

B) influence D) make

18. He doesn't take much exercise, from walking the dog. A) alone C) except E) but

B) besides D) apart

19. Fighting has in several parts of the country. A) gone in C) broken out E) reasoned

B) set up D) come on


20. He is not under arrest, nor have the police placed any on his movements. A) obstacle C) veto E) visa

B) restriction D) regulation

25. What of car do you drive? A) brand C) make E) country

B) fabrication D) mark

A) different C) willful E) decided


21. I'm just as as you are to make this company successful. B) serious D) determined

22. The mosquito bite made my eyelid and I couldn't open my eye properly. B) grow D) stretch

C

A) swell C) spread E) peel

23. Production has been delayed because of a shortage of materials.

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B) prime D) rough

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D

A) base C) raw E) cheap

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A) fit C) recovered E) moody

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24. I doubt if I will be enough to play tomorrow. B) healthy D) sound



1. The purpose of the survey was to the inspectors with local conditions. B) acquaint D) notify

2. The organizers of the competition are unable to into any discussion of the results. A) embark C) undertake E) integrate

A) trouble C) annoyance E) coincidence

B) bother D) nuisance

6. Some people think that video games have a(n) influence on children.


A) inform C) instruct E) meet

5. Oh, what a ! The bank is already closed, and I want to draw some money out.

B) enter D) negotiate

B) pernicious D) educated

7. Do you think there could be any other of doing it? A) reason C) justification E) way

B) cause D) mean

C

3. further rioting to occur, the government would be forced to use its emergency powers.

A) boring C) vital E) inhibiting

B) Did D) Had

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A) Should C) Were E) If

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A) affair C) ripoff E) bargain

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D

4. Look at this beautiful bag! I only paid YTL l50 for it at Vakko's sale! It was a real . B) occasion D) benefit

8. Go straight down this road and take the second on the left. A) point C) angle E) aspect

B) corner D) turning

9. Some governments are considering imposing on oil production. A) peaks C) summits E) zeniths

B) ceilings D) roofs


10. Economists distinguish between perishable and goods. A) durable C) enduring E) edible

B) duration D) endearing

15. The students in the North their houses with the students in the South so each could experience living in a different environment. A) bought C) lent E) swapped

A) pattern C) inhibition E) sale

16. They don't sell drinks here.


11. They have been testing out the for a new generation of supersonic passenger aircraft.

B) borrowed D) sold

B) prototype D) denial

A) luscious C) soliciting E) potable

B) indignant D) intoxicating

12. Could you give me an of how much it will cost?

17. They showed great in solving the problem.

A) esteem C) expenditure E) assessment

A) ingenuity C) awe E) attempt

B) incredulity D) proximity

C

B) income D) invoice

13. The MPs shouted after the Minister's statement.

18. The party will begin immediately after the of the new building.

A) productively C) decisively E) notoriously

A) mitigation C) inauguration E) foundation

D

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B) derisively D) scantily

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A) with C) out E) in

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14. They involved themselves the demonstration. B) for D) by

B) imposition D) precipitation

19. Some experts claim that America will probably to Japan the technology required to produce micromachines. A) cite C) etch E) cede

B) tug D) inherit


20. Some of the new micromachines are supposed to be .

25. is mounting over the fate of the hostages.

A) selfpropelled B) selfconscious C) selfdeluding D) selfindulgent E) selfcentered

A) Compulsion C) Concern E) Contrast

A) array C) funnel E) color


21. They looked impressed at the of brand new computers and printers. B) consensus D) stake

22. He was a child, being so clever at mathematics at such an early age. B) precocious D) forlorn

C

A) poorly C) ignorant E) dumb

23. Mavis was sitting the edge of the bed.

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B) about D) by

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D

A) at C) into E) out

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24. I wrote to my bank manager about getting a . A) reward C) house E) cash

B) Concession D) Comparison

B) mortgage D) money



1. My report an analysis of the most important studies conducted since the 1980s. B) forms D) includes

2. Turkish people have to adapt many changes. A) for C) to E) on

B) with D) along

C

3. One of the most interesting of this project is how students go about planning their written assignments. B) attitudes D) gains

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A) areas C) aspects E) prospects

D

4. We should try to cut down some of this cumbersome .

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B) bureaucracy D) boom

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A) brain C) budget E) burden

5. The effective use references will get students a higher grade. A) by C) off E) of



7. The negotiations are going well and I anticipate a speedy .


A) composes C) collaborates E) implies

6. As the audience began to talk among themselves, my ebbed away and my presentation got worse and worse.

B) for D) in

A) conclusion C) conduct E) committee


8. If you continue to fail to do what I ask you to do, I will be drawn to the that you no longer wish to work here! A) conclusion C) conduct E) committee


9. He should still have the opportunity to appeal even such a long delay. A) at C) into E) along

B) in D) after

10. I think there is an irrefutable for closing down the plant. A) cash C) case E) addition



11. She met him the JFK airport. A) at C) into E) out

B) about D) by

12. Lilian had to cut her workload in order to have more free time. B) down D) against

A) towards C) along E) in

B) during D) by

17. He appeared in front of the Committee handcuffs and dressed in his underwear.



16. Most of you are not sympathetic me.

A) towards C) along E) in

B) during D) by

13. What we need to do is to raise consumer of our product.

B) audience D) bank

C


18. We produced a series of hard hitting, awardwinning . They ran for several months in the States. A) communications C) singers E) commercials

B) stars D) athletes

14. She has done well to get to her present job. She comes from a deprived . B) authenticity D) ballot

D

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A) balance C) background E) bar

19. I'm not sure I can find the words of necessary to help you at this difficult moment. A) comfort C) sufficiency E) disgust

B) insult D) competence

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A) authorities C) barriers E) authors

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15. I only have a rough idea of the problem. Perhaps you could sketch in the ? B) basics D) bans

20. Potential candidates will appear before a and will have to make a short presentation. A) company C) stadium E) court

B) school D) committee


21. His love for Turkey is based the friendliness of the Turks. A) for C) up E) in

B) on D) off

25. A customer has lodged a serious and I want you to investigate it immediately. A) container B) competition C) complaint D) compensation E) company

A) probe C) criterion E) trial


22. For decades, seismologists have used seismic waves as a sort of of the Earth's insides. B) factor D) source

A) Furthermore C) Besides E) In addition

C

23. to contributing sulfuric acid to nearby water supplies, the sulfuric acid itself facilitates the release and suspension of heavy metals into water, one of the most vexing consequences of sulfide mining. B) Also D) Since

B) towards D) at

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A) to C) into E) from

D

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24. Acid mine drainage is the flow of sulfuric acid into ground and surface water metallicore mines.



1. Could you hold on a few moments? B) since D) during

2. Could you please elaborate your plans to improve the harbor? A) on C) against E) of

A) from C) on E) with

B) against D) of

7. How can they be going out?! Jane has nothing Peter. A) because of B) in common with C) instead of D) apart from E) according to



6. We were insured fire.

B) from D) with

8. John, they won't finish the project until the end of next week.

3. She suffers a lack of confidence. B) on D) against

C

A) of C) with E) from

4. We were outbid by a rival .

9. I'm all helping out the poor when in need. A) by means of B) in favor of C) on behalf of D) as for E) in case of

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D

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A) complaint B) compensation C) company D) compassion E) compass

A) According to B) Because of C) In common with D) Instead of E) Apart from

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5. I think we should pay a to Sheila for organizing such a successful conference. A) compassion B) compass C) compliment D) compliments E) comparison

10. Please, don't interrupt the teacher he is speaking. A) by C) during E) since

B) for D) while


11. the end of the month, I hope I shall have lost another two kilos.

17. The match had to be because of heavy snow.

A) At C) To E) During

A) deferred C) shelved E) played

B) In D) By

12. I should appreciate it if you could complete this work Thursday. B) until D) by

13. You might be able to get their flat if you're lucky. They're of giving it up. B) to the point D) in point

A) exacerbate C) irritate E) disrupt

B) exasperate D) erupt

19. Pauline me very much of a girl I used to know at university. A) remembers C) recalls E) resembles

B) reminds D) recollects

C

A) by the point C) for the point E) on the point

18. The President's action only served to a situation which was already extremely serious.


A) as far as C) up to E) behind

B) adjourned D) postponed

14. Yes, that coat is just the color I have been looking for. May I , please? B) try it on D) fit it

D

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A) put it on C) wear it E) take it apart

20. Veronica broke the school rules so many times that the headmistress finally had no alternative but to her. A) expel C) eject E) import

B) deport D) export

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B) set up D) come on

16. I'm sorry I'm late, Mr. Sahiner. My alarm clock didn't . A) turn up C) get on E) go off

21. I suddenly that it was past ten o'clock. A) understood C) realized E) predicted

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A) gone in C) broken out E) taken in

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15. Fighting has in several parts of the country.

B) come in D) take off

B) recognized D) resolved


22. In my opinion, it's only common to wear a seat belt in a car. A) sense C) intelligence E) decision

B) judgment D) wit

23. Tax deprives the state of several million dollars a year. B) desertion D) depression


A) retention C) escapism E) evasion

24. The civil rights movement was in its in the 1960s. B) heyday D) pitch

C

A) top C) summit E) ground

25. The evening entertainment was by an electrical power cut.

B) condensed D) compressed

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D

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A) curtailed C) abbreviated E) divided



1. The cathedral is in the centre of the city. B) placed D) localized

2. All members of the staff should in the canteen for special instructions. A) run C) merge E) gather

B) unite D) combine

C

3. I know him but I have never actually spoken to him. A) to sight C) in sight E) by sight

A) abrupt C) awkward E) quick

B) absurd D) futile

7. Most tennis stars learn the game at an early age. A) hopeful C) willbe E) ambitious

B) prospective D) willing


A) positioned C) situated E) destroyed

6. The very idea of her winning the beauty competition is quite .

B) on sight D) from sight

A) capital C) superior E) staple

B) junk D) winning

9. Until the Johnsons moved in, the house had been for several years. A) innovative C) gusty E) ghostly

B) vacant D) indifferent

D

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4. The jury returned a(n) of 'not guilty'.

8. Many countries still rely on rice as the food.

B) charge D) evidence

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A) sentence C) verdict E) clause

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5. The student waited with some slight while his teacher stood reading his exercise. A) dread C) horror E) threat

B) apprehension D) despair

10. You should easily recognize Ms. Sanchez if you see her. She has a very mark on her left cheek. A) alternative C) redundant E) distinctive

B) coincidental D) deniable


11. He doesn’t have the idea of the problems involved.

16. Their standard of living is barely above .

A) weakest C) most minute E) smallest

A) subsistence C) welfare E) point

B) faintest D) feeblest

B) assistance D) poverty

12. Try not to say anything hurtful to her. She is a very person.

17. He doesn’t have any about telling lies if it'll further his interests.

A) sensible C) tender E) damaged

A) inhibitions C) obstructions E) stories

13. The arguments in favor of the compulsory wearing of seat belts seem enough, but they are really only further excuses for depriving us of our liberty. B) proper D) thorough

C

A) apt C) sound E) false

B) skill D) ability

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D

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14. He had a(n) for singing popular songs. A) talent C) knack E) taste

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15. He made money not as a(n) in itself but in order to carry out his philanthropic schemes. A) aim C) result E) end

B) restraints D) impedances


B) sensitive D) delicate

B) account D) ambition

18. The book, which is designed to appeal to the layman, is a condensed of the writer's earlier work. A) production B) representative C) product D) subscription E) version

19. Economists are forecasting an economic . A) analysis C) budget E) burden


20. We have achieved a significant scientific . A) books C) board E) breakthrough

B) boredom D) breakdown


21. The negotiations are teetering on the of total collapse. A) building C) brink E) award

B) brand D) aid

A) dismay B) entertainment C) distraction D) joy E) delight


22. The noise coming from the street was a serious for the students trying to concentrate on their exam papers.

23. The meteorological authorities say there is little of rain in the near future. B) foresight D) prospect

C

A) forecast C) outlook E) prediction

B) while D) since

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D

A) during C) by E) for

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24. He broke into tears the film.

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25. It will be your task to make sure the of traffic is maintained without interruption. A) circulation C) current E) pursuit

B) flow D) stream



1. The house is part of his from his aunt. B) inheritance D) will

2. His aunt died, leaving him a small in her will. A) dowry C) loan E) heritage

A) objection C) target E) cost

B) aim D) peak

7. Two frontier guards were wounded in a border last week. A) line C) occurrence E) incident

B) event D) occasion


A) heritage C) testament E) legacy

6. They reached their production with a month to spare.

B) grant D) legacy

8. One of the essentials of freedom is free to accurate information. A) entry C) access E) attempt

B) entrance D) approach

A) inheritance C) will E) tomb

C

3. My uncle left me $250,000 in his . B) testament D) wish

D

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4. Men are obviously stronger physically, but women are stronger in many other . B) fields D) features

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A) respects C) aspects E) scales

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5. A lion is larger than a cat. A) rather C) considerably E) too

B) slightly D) very

9. Her salary was increased when she was promoted. A) consistently B) predominantly C) efficiently D) substantially E) consecutively

10. An eclipse of the sun or moon is a fascinating natural to watch. A) environment B) phenomenon C) magnitude D) similarity E) cause


11. By traveling, reading and studying, the scholar devoted all his time to the of knowledge.

16. The police managed to down the owner of the car by broadcasting a message on the radio.

A) acquisition C) restoration E) distribution

A) catch C) trace E) track

B) variation D) cessation

17. We don't any difficulty, but it's best to be on the safe side.


12. Urban traffic could no doubt be relieved somewhat by a reduction in public transport fares.

A) await C) anticipate E) seem

A) jamming B) accumulation C) congestion D) blockage E) fine

B) search D) run

B) hope D) wait

18. She the letter and put it in the envelope.

A) invert C) reduce E) intensify

B) folded D) wrinkled

B) proceed D) testify

19. Smith insisted on arguing with the referee, although the other players tried to him.

D

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14. John's actions do not always to his words.

A) inhibit C) restrain E) beat

B) refrain D) hinder

B) adhere D) dedicate

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A) correspond C) signify E) look

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15. He said he had a rather important piece of information to to me. A) impose C) impart E) transform

A) bent C) twisted E) licked

C

13. Because his driving test is next week, Mark has to his effort to learn how to park in small spaces.

B) imply D) inform

20. I have YTL 100 from my bank account. A) withdrawn C) subtracted E) borrowed

B) extracted D) detached


21. You are not to her in any way for what has happened. A) criticize C) reproach E) refute

B) blame D) condemn

A) in C) from E) for


22. We are quite optimistic about the prospects a peaceful solution to the conflict. B) on D) to

23. The additional work put a great strain him. B) to D) on

C

A) from C) under E) above

24. The opposition parties demanded equal access the staterun media.

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B) to D) from

D

A) in C) for E) behind

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A) down C) upon E) up

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25. His speech made a tremendous impact everyone. B) in D) beyond



1. I was annoyed him because he kept interrupting. B) with D) from

2. We leave that light on because the children are frightened the dark. A) off C) from E) of

B) by D) for

C

3. We were all dismayed his refusal to cooperate with us. A) by C) on E) up

A) distribute C) vanish E) integrate

B) orchestrate D) disperse

7. I sometimes despair ever seeing him again. A) of C) over E) in

B) about D) at


A) in C) for E) to

6. We will the study of literature into our history class.

B) in D) from

A) reptile C) amphibian E) fish

B) mammal D) insect

9. He will be from prison in six months' time. A) sent off C) let go E) released

B) expelled D) discharged

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B) on D) at

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A) in C) for E) by

D

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4. He was justifiably irritated the treatment he had received.

8. Emily Dickinson's poem "A Narrow Fellow" tells about her reaction to snakes, a common .

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5. The drug was never to sufficiently severe tests. A) subjected C) undergone E) responded

B) imposed D) exposed

10. He apologized to his grandmother having to ask her for more money. A) to C) on E) for

B) in D) from


11. The products are tested updated utilities.

17. You're bound to feel a bit before you take your driving test.

A) with C) of E) by

A) disappointed C) frightening E) nervous

B) out D) on

B) shy D) foolish

12. This book will to older and younger readers alike.

18. I wouldn't mind if he didn't me like a servant.

A) interest C) attract E) dismiss

A) treat C) pretend E) market

B) behave D) speak


B) fascinate D) appeal

13. Joe was unable to his lead in the race.

19. He played an active in politics until he was well over 80.

A) take C) inherit E) maintain

A) scene C) position E) part

C

B) condense D) assist

14. It's too expensive for me. I can't it. B) afford D) sell

D

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A) pay C) spend E) bargain

B) job D) game

20. It was very difficult for the inspector to what recommendations he should make. A) realize C) solve E) search

B) settle D) decide

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B) won D) gained

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A) increased C) earned E) purchased

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15. The more she drove, the more she in confidence.

16. Most people to pay their bills by credit card nowadays. A) tend C) require E) charge

B) used D) practice

21. This is not the right to ask for my help; I am far too busy even to listen! A) situation B) circumstance C) opportunity D) moment E) point


22. I have often why they went to live abroad. A) wondered C) thought E) talked

B) surprised D) puzzled

23. Could you give me a rough of what the job might cost? B) estimate D) correlation


A) value C) account E) road

24. I don't think he is the sort of man who will ever much money. B) gain D) make

C

A) acquire C) obtain E) do

25. They turned their backs me when I needed them most. B) into D) from

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D

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5. As the meeting went on and on, most people's wandered. A) assurance C) attempt E) attention

1. Containing all of his works, this collection includes many which are published the first time. B) to D) from

2. We need to find a way to boost his . He's so unsure of himself.


C


3. Could you run a on the procedures? I'm not sure they are working properly. B) chase D) check

D

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A) charge C) chance E) charity

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4. My mind is always wandering. I need to improve my . A) concentration C) compromise E) concert

6. There is much more corporate ideology than efficient manufacturing. A) about C) at E) into

B) down D) against



B) atmosphere D) attack

B) concept D) computer

7. He was overtired by now. , he didn't hesitate to accept the new challenge. A) In addition B) Moreover C) Nevertheless D) Consequently E) On the other hand

8. They can increase sales advertising. A) in C) out E) off

B) for D) with

9. Technology is giving way organization in terms of improving manufacturing. A) with C) of E) on

B) up D) to


10. Cleaning up the pollution will be expensive. Who is going to foot the ?

15. How many people do you think his car would ?


A) occupy C) fit E) drop

B) bill D) bias

11. The driver should not be blamed the death of his passenger. B) on D) off

12. We mustn't pass over the more worrying of this scheme, the job losses.

B) aspect D) arrangement

C

A) article C) argument E) trivia

13. His crude to have me dismissed went badly wrong.

B) base D) reduce

17. Don't be too hasty and draw the wrong . A) outcome C) conclusion E) decision

B) judgment D) opinion

18. The soup would be more if you had put more meat in it. A) tasty C) tasted E) tasting

B) tasteful D) tasteless

19. My efforts to get the truth out of him have so far with no satisfaction.

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14. In recent years inflation has almost doubled the of living. A) price C) expense E) finance

A) form C) compensate E) involve

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B) attacks D) assortments

D

A) assurances C) attempts E) assumptions

16. The operation will a transplant.


A) for C) up E) in

B) hold D) load

B) cost D) charge

A) found C) shown E) met

B) resolved D) given


20. The woman they finally chose was much older than the other for the job.

25. The students were interested in what the teacher was saying and listened .

A) informants C) applicants E) consultants

A) attentively C) prudently E) indifferently

B) participants D) consuls

B) guardedly D) watchfully

A) ordinary C) common E) sixth


21. The boy had an accident because he didn't use his sense. B) usual D) everyday

22. He was forced to resign involvement in a financial scandal.

C

A) on behalf of B) in favor of C) on account of D) in spite of E) in accordance with

B) gone D) used

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D

A) gotten C) worked E) run

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23. I have out of sugar, so I must go to the grocer's and get some.

A) expand C) stretch E) burst

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24. The advantage of this new plastic covering is that it will to fit any size of object. B) grow D) extend



1. I can't give you an answer yet. I'd like more time to consider my decision. A) quite C) hardly E) very

5. In this business one gets used to periodic interruptions. However, today they were . I did not have one minute to get any of my work done. A) scarce C) temporary E) valuable

B) constant D) delightful

B) fairly D) rather


6. I imagine he will be quite to stop us.

2. It's hard to believe that Sam wants to be an accountant. He can't even add . A) securely C) obviously E) consequently

A) capable C) potent E) disqualified

B) feasible D) keen

B) accurately D) acutely

7. Tourists flock from the places to see the capital's sights.

C

3. Bill Thomas is a most young man, and can do a lot of different jobs well. A) industrious C) laborious E) capable

B) diligent D) compatible

A) remotest B) most outward C) uttermost D) most aloof E) kindest

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8. Seemingly crowds of tourists invade our cities in the summer.

B) smooth D) muddy

A) innumerable C) countless E) infinite

B) endless D) unbound

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A) slippery C) iced E) rainy

D

4. Be careful how you go. It is freezing and the roads are .

9. The government's new safety pamphlet against smoking in bed. A) declares C) emphasizes E) advises

B) punishes D) stresses


10. They are happily married although, of course, they argue .

15. Six novels a year, you say? He's certainly a writer.

A) most times B) from day to day C) every now and then D) on the occasion E) never

A) fruitful C) virile E) constipated

A) assume C) assess E) conceive

B) count D) value

12. No matter how angry he was, he would never to violence.

B) recourse D) resort

C

A) resolve C) exert E) look

B) talented D) ingenious

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D

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13. This invention of yours should make you rich. A) genial C) genius E) stupid

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14. Send for our free brochure by out the coupon below. A) answering C) completing E) filling

16. I have several problems at the moment, the least of which is lack of money.


11. Many road accidents occur because drivers cannot the speed of approaching vehicles.

B) fertile D) prolific

B) responding D) thrashing

A) but C) only E) not

B) very D) far

17. For the experiments to succeed, the measurements must be accurate to five centimeters. A) about C) within E) totally

B) under D) exactly

18. When we got to the box office, the question of who should pay . A) raised C) came E) arrived

B) arose D) appeared

19. People living abroad are not to enter for this competition. A) enabled C) capable E) subject

B) permissible D) eligible


20. I'm sure that never happened. It's just a of your imagination. A) fantasy C) piece E) whole

B) figment D) picture

25. You are responsible for this tragic outcome. It is you who are to blame for this disaster. A) solely B) enthusiastically C) favorably D) reluctantly E) inherently

A) given C) pressed E) posed


21. For elderly people, one of the problems by rising prices is the continual increase in heating bills. B) asked D) forced

A) thanks to B) reliant on C) dependent on D) responsible to E) respondent to

C

22. The construction of the new road is winning the support of local residents.

B) charging D) allotting

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D

A) undertaking C) entrusting E) taking

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23. She's not keen on control of the project to a relative newcomer.

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24. The 10% rise in the cost of living is almost unbelievable until one looks at it in the of world price rises. A) significance C) situation E) context

B) relationship D) result



A) expansion / hinder B) propulsion / end C) escalation / curtail D) acceleration / stop E) elimination / curb

5. Naim Süleymanoğlu, born of Turkish descent and one of the world's top weightlifters then, to Turkey some twenty years ago while he was competing in Australia.

C

2. The traditional bonds that exist between the two countries, as well as the mutual respect they hold for one another, will a firm basis for further development of their economic ties. A) compromise C) contribute E) capitulate

A) trenches B) position C) situation D) deployment E) statement


1. In a speech he made today, the President of Passagonia advocated the of nuclear arms and said that his country was ready for "urgent and effective measures to the arms race."

4. Soldiers in full battle gear took up outside the Presidential Palace as tens of thousands of demonstrators slowly marched towards the building.

B) compensate D) constitute

B) interrogated D) conspired

6. If you can do without the few pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life has to offer. A) rational C) humorous E) satiric

B) pastoral D) scornful

D

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3. Both countries have declined to the treaty on nonproliferation of nuclear weapons, partly out of concern for the other's supposed intentions.

A) immigrated C) defended E) emigrated

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B) assess D) endorse

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A) praise C) avoid E) advocate

7. Modern oceanliners offer you a great variety of comforts. A) vulgar C) ludicrous E) hospitable

B) infamous D) civilized


8. These figures will give you a rough idea as to the cost of a sports car. A) maintenance B) accessories C) expenditures D) license plate E) running

12. Grandma has no authority over the children and lets them do anything they like. They're completely , as a result. A) spoiled C) humorous E) impulsive

A) forewarn C) forsake E) foretell

B) forbid D) fortify

C

10. The day after the birth of the , no less than six helicopters arrived, bringing over sixty reporters and photographers to the small mountain village. B) cannibals D) midwives

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A) mountaineers C) babies E) quintuplets

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D

11. Inviting the firebrigade to put out an imaginary, nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no person would ever indulge in. A) selfconscious B) selfrespecting C) selfindulgent D) selfsacrificing E) selfconfident

13. She is very ; you just couldn't make her walk pass under a ladder.


9. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is next to impossible to the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront us.

B) damaged D) scornful

A) credulous B) religious C) supernatural D) surreptitious E) superstitious

14. Don't forget to wish your elders many happy on their birthdays. A) returns B) celebrations C) anniversaries D) jubilees E) congratulations

15. In the medical profession, men women by two to one. A) outlive B) outdo C) outshine D) outnumber E) outclass

16. Aggressiveness, the violent expression of selfishness, is relatively simple to explain in evolutionary . A) texts C) words E) terms

B) books D) lectures


17. Only over the past few decades have we come to understand how surprisingly much of what we do may be by the kind of creatures we are and especially by the information stored in our genes. A) enlarged C) avoided E) influenced

21. Am I to from your last remarks that my services are no longer required here? A) restrict C) misunderstand E) participate

B) imply D) infer

B) swollen D) gestured


22. I'm going to ask you a number of questions, and I want answers from you.

18. Scientists have become increasingly with the fact that genes not only govern physical characteristics but they also play a large role in behavior. A) critical B) impressed C) indistinct D) intensified E) stimulated

C

23. I you a million liras that they'll manage to get here anyway.

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19. In the normal brain a large number of substances were that were later found to be abnormal in quantity or metabolism in a substantial variety of neurological disorders. B) deviated D) appointed

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D

A) identified C) overtaken E) experimented

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20. Severe difficulties must be before cloning can be done with mammals and humans. A) concluded B) overcome C) aggravated D) endangered E) guaranteed

A) reluctant B) obstinate C) straight D) remarkable E) objectionable

A) offer B) risk to C) receive from D) hand over to E) bet

24. His is certainly a story of rags to . A) riddles C) ridges E) rituals

B) riches D) riots

25. He told his audience the and fantastic story of his narrow escapes. A) indecent B) incredible C) inexperienced D) indispensable E) individual



1. His speech the workers with renewed hope and determination. B) expired D) despaired

2. I don't think that was a very decision. The people are bound to rise up against it in arms. A) enormous C) benign E) hospitable

A) impartiality C) injustice E) penalty

B) fairness D) ambiguity

6. First of all, we'll need some chemical that is not to light. A) sensual C) sensational E) sensible

B) senseless D) sensitive


A) perspired C) conspired E) inspired

5. I think it was a gross to condemn her.

B) infamous D) wise

A) irrelevant C) rebellious E) humorous

B) resentful D) scornful

C

3. The book is a bestseller, but the real identity of its author still remains quite .

7. I've listened to your argument. It's neither here nor there. In other words, it's quite .

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8. I resent your last remarks and certainly demand an apology. Sir, we're running a business here!

D

A) transparent B) obscure C) opaque D) crystal clear E) troublesome

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A) rumored C) humored E) camouflaged

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4. It is that he is currently working on a science fiction book.

A) remarkable B) reciprocal C) reluctant D) respectable E) representative

B) censored D) censured

9. What we need here is a man who knows what it's all about. In other words, what we need is a fully man. A) competent B) potential C) irresponsible D) incompetent E) impotent


10. Hey, you were supposed to us to some chocolate icecream, weren't you? A) treat C) thrill E) contribute

B) encourage D) satisfy

A) consented C) nodded E) accomplished

B) observed D) confirmed

12. I was terribly by his strange behavior.

B) represent D) reproduce

16. Going the customs can be a very tiresome business. A) beyond C) through E) across

B) around D) out of

B) massacred D) confessed

17. "Have you anything to ?" said the young customs officer, looking straight at me in the eye. A) declare C) compensate E) hide

B) identify D) confirm

C

A) slandered C) cursed E) baffled

A) practice C) repeat E) rehearse


11. The news of a new and more serious breach of the ceasefire received here last night has now been .

15. Actors have to a play before they give a public performance.

13. It suddenly to me that they could be hiding down in the cellar.

18. "Would you mind this suitcase, please?" said the customs officer to the young woman in jeans.

A) occurred C) predicted E) happened

A) loosening C) donating E) screwing

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D

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B) dawned D) presented

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A) likeable C) eager E) credulous

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14. She likes classical music and is particularly on Mozart. B) keen D) enthusiastic

B) unlocking D) disordering

19. The hardened professional smuggler, on the other hand, is never by such feelings of guilt. A) investigated B) inclined C) retreated D) compensated E) troubled


20. Macy and her husband Henry lived in the village of Saxony in eastern Britain.

25. It has been that if the bridge were packed with cars, it would still be carrying only a third of its full capacity.

A) agricultural C) enormous E) local

A) outlined C) estimated E) produced

B) tiny D) tidy

B) constructed D) performed

A) inhabited C) happily E) miserable


21. He was quite contented; he led a (an) life. B) prosperously D) orderly

22. He knew it would not difficult to trace down the thief in such a small village. B) occur D) inhibit

C

A) witness C) prove E) persuade

23. Ashamed of having acted so , John apologized to Mark for having accused him.

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B) vividly D) explicitly

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D

A) unintelligibly C) humorously E) rashly

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24. Though Verrazano is considered to have been a great explorer, his name will probably remain immortal, for on Nov. 21, 1964 the greatest bridge in the world was named after him. A) by all means B) by everyone C) by fate D) by no means E) by common consent



4. She was too excited to do any housework that morning, for in the evening she would be going to a with her husband. A) political party B) search party C) third party D) fancy dress party E) firing party

A) taken into account B) given an account of C) given approval to D) caught up with E) kept in touch with

5. Only a very child would ever manage to fill up a money box, i.e., his or her piggybank.


1. The bridge is so immensely long that the shape of the earth had to be by its designer as an essential part of the project.

2. When he died at the age of eighty, the townsfolk gave him a funeral and had an enormous statue of him on his horse erected in front of the town hall. B) swift D) focal

C

A) relevant C) huge E) wornout

D

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3. They were, in fact, having such a good time on their little desert island that when a passing tanker rescued them a few days later both men were sorry that they had to leave.

B) repulsively D) ambiguously

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A) outwardly C) reluctantly E) genuinely

A) extravagant C) wasteful E) excited

B) spendthrift D) thrifty

6. There was a time when the owners of shops and businesses in Chicago had to pay large sums of money to gangsters in return for "". A) protection C) inclusion E) exploitation

B) existence D) confirmation

7. In those days, boxing as a sport was very , for there were no rules and a prizefighter could be seriously injured or even killed during a match. A) rude C) ripe E) vulgar

B) raw D) crude


8. He was sent to prison for failing to pay his debts and died in in 1963. A) rags and riches B) severity and pain C) wealth and health D) rigidity and fear E) poverty and obscurity

A) seemingly C) improbably E) suspiciously

B) anomalous D) anonymous

13. The reader's hair stand on end when he reads in the final pages of the novel that the heroine, a dear old lady who had always been so kind to everyone, had, in her youth, every one of her five husbands. A) retaliated C) twisted E) poisoned

C

10. In the 1960's, certain cults imported from the Far East great popularity and had great numbers of followers especially among the young. B) represented D) reproduced

B) exhausted D) despised

14. It is no injustice to say that the sense of a person has is closely bound up with his cultural upbringing. A) harbor C) tumor E) labor

B) rumor D) humor

D

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A) enjoyed C) obeyed E) identified

B) improperly D) instinctively


9. Three days after the disappearance of their ever so precious little dog, the family received a an note, stating that it was in safe hands and would be returned immediately if a ransom of a zillion liras was paid. A) authentic C) illiterate E) illegible

12. We often read in novels how a (an) respectable person or family has some terrible secret which has been concealed from strangers for years: it is often called "a skeleton in the cupboard".

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A) heights C) ranges E) degrees

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11. To varying , we all have little secrets which we do not want even our closest friends to learn. B) states D) weights

15. A great cultural truth is that we all have been brought up to eat certain foods and to at the sight of certain others. A) regret C) feel sick E) horrify

B) repent D) abominate


16. People become quite when it comes to discussing what can be eaten and what cannot. A) illogical C) illegible E) illegitimate

B) illiterate D) illegal

A) national C) local E) universal

A) proclaim C) publicize E) praise

B) persuade D) pursue

21. it may be just possible to measure the value of material goods in terms of money, it is extremely difficult to estimate the true value of the services that people perform for us.


17. No matter where you were born and despite all the cultural differences certain funny situations have a appeal.

20. In their efforts to us to buy this or that product, advertisers have made a close study of human nature and have classified all our little weaknesses.

B) rational D) regional

A) In spite of C) However E) Nevertheless

B) Accordingly D) While

22. As he hated every minute of his life in the army, it is no wonder that he decided one day to his unit.

A) subtle C) contradictory E) indifferent

A) dessert C) deserve E) descend

C

18. Much as we may pride ourselves on our good taste, we are no longer free to choose the things we want, for advertising exerts a(n) influence on us.

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B) hostile D) invaluable

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A) surrender C) acquaint E) inhabit

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D

19. Radio and television have made it possible for advertisers to the attention of millions of people in many novel ways. B) capture D) defeat

B) assert D) desert

23. A tramp may hunt, beg, or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work, but he will never his freedom. A) suffer C) surround E) produce

B) despair D) give up


24. Real tramps are no beggars. Seeking , they do not sacrifice their human dignity. A) significance C) maturity E) independence

B) antagonism D) notoriety

B) deliberately D) unknowingly

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D

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C

A) pitifully C) eternally E) impotently


25. He has chosen to lead the life he leads and is fully aware of the possible consequences.



A) heroic B) selfconscious C) socalled D) incredible E) unfounded

6. Inviting the firebrigade to put out an imaginary, nonexistent fire is a crude form of deception which no person would ever indulge in.

2. The first thing I saw when I entered the art gallery was a notice which said: "Do not touch the ". B) exhibits D) inhabitants

C

A) artists C) inhibitions E) exhibitionists

B) retreated D) humiliated

A) selfconscious B) selfrespecting C) selfindulgent D) selfsacrificing E) selfgoverning

7. City born and city bred, I have always the country as something you look at through a train window, as somewhere you occasionally visit during a weekend. A) derived from B) dominated C) evacuated D) regarded E) concerned

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D

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3. Lined up against the wall, these spheres had been magnetized so that they attracted or one another all the time. A) promoted C) despised E) repelled

A) on purpose B) quite accidentally C) by heart D) under obligation E) by design


1. Some "modern" pieces of sculpture have been on display in public places for at least a hundred years.

5. One would expect an actor to know his part and never make a mistake with his lines. Yet, this is not always the case.

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4. He had traveled only twenty miles into the desert when he had engine trouble and had to from the race. A) withdraw C) supply E) derive

B) replace D) declare

8. Some people keep talking about the friendly villagers, the unpolluted atmosphere, the to nature that one feels and the gentle pace of living out there in the country. A) homesickness C) replacement E) nostalgia

B) rhythm D) closeness


9. But they fail to mention the long and friendless winter evenings, which are only interrupted by a (an) visit to the local cinema virtually the sole form of entertainment.

A) notorious C) contradictory E) provocative

10. If you can do without the few pleasures of the country, you will find the city can provide you with the best that life can offer. A) hazardous C) blasphemous E) satiric

B) sacred D) indifferent

14. As the family had eight previous children, all under age, life for them was a perpetual against poverty in any case.


A) occasional B) sophisticated C) steady D) retrospective E) apathetic

A) struggle C) blunder E) slander

B) hostility D) exhaustion

B) pastoral D) perilous

C

11. Precautions of this sort are necessary, for it is impossible to the exact nature of the difficulties which will confront us.

15. Newspapers and magazines offered huge sums of money to the proud parents for the rights to publish their story. A) exclusive C) fascinating E) impulsive

B) entertaining D) humiliating

B) forget D) forbid

D

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A) forewarn C) foretell E) foreshadow

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12. After entering the cave and turning on their powerful arclights, they saw great stalagmites some of them over fifteen meters high rising up like tree trunks to meet the stalactites from the roof. A) balanced C) suspended E) hanged

13. Acting on the contention that facts are , reporters can cause untold suffering to individuals by publishing details about their private lives.

B) scaled D) weighed

16. It would never again be possible for them to lead normal lives. They had become victims of commercialization, for their names had a market value. A) required B) acknowledged C) inquired D) acquainted E) acquired


17. Computers are the most efficient servants man has ever had and there is seemingly no limit to the way they can be used to our lives. A) initiate C) graduate E) improve

B) transcend D) exceed

A) enlightened C) submissive E) conscripted

B) obstructed D) preparatory

19. Sweden has evolved an excellent system for protecting the individual citizen from highhanded or downright public officials. B) supporting D) innocuous

C

A) impotent C) incompetent E) potential

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D

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20. The Swedes were the first to that public officials like civil servants, police officers, health inspectors or tax collectors can make mistakes or act overzealously in the belief that they are serving the public. A) recognize C) fulfill E) communicate

A) illuminated C) incited E) inflicted

B) interpreted D) introduced

22. There was nothing in the records to show that the man's complaints were and the Chief of Police stoutly denied the accusations.


18. The Scandinavian countries are much admired all over the world for their social policies.

21. As long ago as 1809, the Swedish Parliament a scheme to safeguard the interests of the individual.

B) demand D) extract

A) perceptible B) justified C) ornamental D) commonplace E) comprehensible

23. His lawyer that a certain police officer had indeed dealt roughly with foreigners on several occasions. A) ascertained C) condescended E) repealed

B) persecuted D) persuaded

24. In democratic countries, any efforts to restrict the freedom of the Press are rightly . A) relegated C) published E) retreated

B) withdrawn D) condemned

25. The guest who arrives half an hour too soon is the greatest . Some people never seem to be able to cure themselves of that irritating habit all through their lives. A) proximity C) nutrition E) lottery

B) pretence D) nuisance



1. Do you in any sporting activities? A) take place C) participate E) take apart

B) take a stand D) take position

6. I didn't say I didn't like it. It just doesn't my waist properly. A) fit B) match C) look good on D) go well with E) suit


7. Will you kindly not me again till I've finished!

2. Despite all his efforts in the stages of the race, there wasn't in fact much left he could do to change the inevitable.

A) interrupt C) interfere E) intervene

A) forward C) farewell E) fatal

8. "How much is the ?" she asked the bus conductor.

B) fading D) final

B) price D) prize

C

3. He says he used to much more than that in his old job.

A) fare C) cost E) fee

B) interview D) interpret

A) inherit C) gain E) acquire

B) win D) earn

9. What was all that about?

B) say D) talk

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A) speak C) tell E) inform

D

4. It was very of him to leave you there all unprotected. B) kind D) polite

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A) noble C) admirable E) inconsiderate

5. There's a here which says, "Beware of the dog!" A) notice C) label E) banner

B) flag D) billboard

10. I have some wonderful news to you. A) speak C) tell E) communicate

B) inform D) talk


11. Would you my keeping the door ajar? A) agree C) imply E) mind

B) intend D) neglect

16. Ladies and gentlemen! Our business enterprise, which I must say everyone had ridiculed at first, has proven well our efforts in the end. A) profitable C) worth E) worthless

A) bored C) reborn E) boredom

B) borne D) boring

13. What do you do for recreation? Don't you have a ? B) game D) sport

C

A) leisure C) rest E) hobby

14. Previous experience is certainly (a/n) when you're applying for a job. B) benefit D) profit

D

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A) adventure C) advertisement E) advantage

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15. Life used to be and gay for us, too! A) livelihood C) lively E) lifeless

17. By the way, that me something I was supposed to be doing this afternoon.


12. The whole discussion was pointless. I got so with their endless quarrelling that I left the hall long before the meeting ended.

B) value D) worthy

B) lifelong D) lifelike

A) reminds C) memorizes E) repeats

B) remembers D) remains

18. This one is out of . You'll have to use the other one. A) order C) work E) job

B) business D) employment

19. My objection to neurotics is that they are difficult to live with. A) primarily C) privileged E) priority

B) principle D) principal

20. Of the two books you've just mentioned, I certainly prefer the . The former isn't my cup of tea at all. A) later C) late E) latter

B) latest D) last


21. He just sits there and television most of the time. A) stares C) glances E) watches

B) observes D) gazes

22. I'm going to take a (an) abroad next summer. B) trip D) look


A) nap C) map E) excursion

23. By the way, that me something I was supposed to be doing this afternoon. B) remains D) memorizes

C

A) reminds C) remembers E) repeats

24. There are many more television today than there used to be twenty years ago.

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B) onlookers D) viewers

D

A) passersby C) spectators E) sightseers

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A) back C) backwards E) finished

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25. We had to leave the of them just where we had found them. B) rest D) remain



1. Don't forget to let me know if anything unusual on the way. B) presents D) provides

2. your arms together and make a circle. A) Link C) Reverse E) Apply

B) Distribute D) Protect

B) ashamed D) shameless

7. We all know about Ankara. But there's a good of air pollution in Eskişehir, too. A) deal C) much E) less

B) many D) lot

8. You don't think you can these facts from the people forever, do you? A) cover C) hide E) escape

B) secret D) blanket

C

3. As a child, he used to be of the dark. A) astonished C) wondered E) escaped

B) frightened D) suspected

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5. His girlfriend was in an airplane . A) dead / landing B) killed / crash C) injured / fare D) wounded / fall E) hurt / drop

9. I can't to have a holiday abroad on my present salary. A) spend C) waste E) afford

B) purchase D) spare

B) died D) crashed

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D

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4. His uncle was in a car accident. A) injured C) wounded E) treated

A) shameful C) shame E) shyness


A) obeys C) happens E) produces

6. It's a to see him so completely ignored by his former friends and associates.

10. The charged by the lawyer for his services was unusually high. A) price C) receipt E) prize

B) fare D) fee


11. She had tried to her husband of the dangers of spending more than he earned.

16. As he hated every minute of his life in the army, it is no wonder that he decided one day to his unit.

A) threaten C) warn E) awaken

A) dessert C) avoid E) deserve

B) urge D) accuse

B) descend D) desert

17. He had traveled only twenty miles into the desert when he had engine trouble and had to from the race.

A) possess C) own E) contribute

A) retreat C) deviate E) withdraw


12. The winner of the competition will a surprise prize, to be presented by the Minister himself. B) receive D) reward

B) detour D) defeat

13. The children will not be allowed to come with us if they don't themselves better.

18. It is no injustice to say that the sense of a person has is closely bound up with his cultural background.

A) direct C) pretend E) behave

A) harbor C) tumor E) humor

C

B) act D) conduct

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14. You can find on the Internet all the you need about the hotels in that area.

B) messages D) information

19. People become quite when it comes to discussing the differences between the sexes. A) illogical C) illegible E) illegitimate

B) illiterate D) illegal

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D

A) knowledge C) advertisement E) promotion

B) rumor D) labor

20. He was from service for his insistent disobedience.

A) Inflation C) Lack E) Limit

A) distorted C) dismissed E) participated

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15. of money prevented us from taking a holiday abroad this year. B) Presence D) Absence

B) investigated D) exploded


21. He couldn't the thought of leaving his hometown forever. A) support C) think of E) carry

B) bear D) hold

22. His new appointment takes from the beginning of next month. B) effect D) part


A) place C) post E) position

23. They did everything they could to the patient's blood pressure. B) reduce D) nurse

C

A) produce C) clarify E) hasten

24. You could being a little bit more friendly, couldn't you? B) comfort D) please

D

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A) effort C) support E) afford

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A) discover C) find E) invent

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25. It needed the collective genius of mankind to the wheel. B) perform D) do



1. The volcano is expected to any day now. B) erupt D) tremble

2. The of the play included a famous Turkish film star. A) playwright C) cast E) stage

B) acts D) scenes

C

3. What does this pill have on a person's stomach? A) affect C) effect E) suspect

B) defect D) reflect

D

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4. I noticed that there were two buttons from his coat. A) falling C) departing E) missing

A) distracted C) prevented E) dissolved

B) obstructed D) restrained

7. The main road was blocked because of an accident two trucks. A) containing C) involving E) combining

B) fastening D) including


A) expose C) stimulate E) shake

6. A loud scream from the street me from my reverie.

8. It was a good piece of land. They got quite by using it to cultivate the muchneeded industrial plants. A) tranquil C) responsible E) prosperous

B) peaceful D) hostile

9. I don't think that was a very decision. The people are bound to rise up against it in arms. A) enormous C) intellectual E) wise

B) tremendous D) malignant

B) losing D) dropping

A) impartiality C) fairness E) invasiveness

A) suffer from C) surround E) derive from

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w 5. I think it was a gross to condemn her.

10. A tramp may hunt, beg or steal occasionally to keep himself alive; he may even, in times of real need, do a little work, but he will never his eversoprecious freedom.

B) injustice D) penalty

B) hold on D) give up


11. I'm of seeing your stupid face around all the time.

16. Have you any idea as to who's going to over the meeting?

A) sick and tired B) bothered and fond C) jealous and angry D) displeased and disappointed E) unhappy and unwilling

A) protect C) provide E) preside

B) present D) preserve

17. Would you accept my ?

A) adapted C) adopted E) accustomed

A) apologize C) devise E) advise

B) advice D) practice


12. I'm not to going out after dark. B) adored D) afforded

18. So far some fifty people have for the two vacancies we have.

13. When you are in Rome, you'll have to yourself to the ways and customs of the Romans.

14. The volcano is expected to any day now.

19. They say a woman might forgive an insult; but she would never forgive being . A) sacrificed C) ignored E) prohibited

B) resented D) repented

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B) erupt D) stimulate

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D

A) expose C) restrict E) express

B) been appointed D) advertised

B) act D) alter

C

A) adapt C) imitate E) adopt

A) applied C) approved E) addressed

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A) laid C) lain E) was laying

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15. She on the beach while her son splashed at the water's edge. B) lay D) lied

20. Your words would seem to that Tracy is trying to steal your husband from you! A) gossip C) despair E) insult

B) imply D) infer


21. He would have been if the President's pardon hadn't arrived just in the nick of time. A) made a hangman C) executed E) hung

B) elevated D) released

A) comprehensive C) responsible E) trustworthy


22. It was a good piece of land. They got quite by using it for cultivating the muchneeded industrial plants.

B) hostile D) prosperous

23. You could being a little bit more friendly, couldn't you? B) comfort D) import

C

A) effort C) support E) afford

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D

A) In addition B) Moreover C) Nevertheless D) Consequently E) On the other hand

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24. He was overtired by now. , he didn't hesitate to accept the new challenge.

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25. The of the play included a famous Turkish film star. A) playwright C) cast E) act

B) scenery D) stage



1. He is a rather timid person on the whole. But, when he has a few drinks, he becomes quite . B) permissive D) intensive

2. If anything, the generation is getting bigger and bigger in our day and age. A) division C) gap E) isolation

A) inform C) memorize E) discover

B) invent D) mention

6. The plane will take in ten minutes.


A) impressive C) aggressive E) comprehensive

5. No one has been able to the place where the pirates are supposed to have hidden the king's treasure.

B) partition D) separation

A) out C) off E) up

B) in D) over

7. These big books shouldn't be taken from the library. B) in D) inside

C

A) after C) away E) aside

3. Love, hate, joy, grief, fear are all .

B) indications D) suggestions

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A) considerations C) suppositions E) emotions

D

4. "We'll have to hold a more detailed examination to the exact nature of the tumor," said the doctor.

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B) mean D) develop

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A) regulate C) determine E) invent

8. Take account everything he's done for us. A) into C) after E) above

B) for D) up

9. Don't let yourself be taken by anyone. A) into C) on E) opposite

B) in D) over


10. This room is too dark. You'd better turn the lights .

15. One's success usually turns one's qualifications.

A) up C) over E) off

A) below C) down E) up

B) down D) on

A) to concern B) concern C) to be concerned D) having concerned

A) away C) aside E) outside

12. I wonder why he hasn't turned yet. The meeting will start in ten minutes. B) over D) above

13. He wanted to join the army, but was turned due to his health problems.

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B) aside D) up

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D

A) over C) down E) beside

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14. The teacher asked me to turn this piece of prose verse. A) out C) along E) off

B) from D) inside

17. Before leaving the house, don't forget to turn the lights. A) down C) over E) with

B) up D) off

C

A) up C) in E) aside

16. Only one hundred people were admitted to the stadium. All the other people had to be turned .


11. He doesn’t appear with the problem.

B) out D) in

B) over D) into

18. He turned the management of the company to his oldest son. A) away C) onto E) over

B) beside D) above

19. The concert was because of the rain. A) called off C) turned off E) showed off

B) blacked out D) gathered in


20. How did he their bad behavior? A) come to C) jot down E) talk into

B) account for D) speak up

21. He must be about 90. He is really . B) bringing up D) showing off


A) getting on C) bringing forward E) getting up

22. In the end everything OK. A) turned out C) climb up E) finished up

B) wore out D) came down

B) climb down D) jump in

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A) fall through C) barge in E) bend over

C

23. Can you all right or should I get a ladder?

D

24. I am sorry that I am late. I got in traffic. B) held down D) arrested

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A) lifted off C) caught up E) squeezed

25. I was so angry that I in protest. A) gave up B) walked out C) ran over D) walked down E) eased in


6. I've just dropped in for a friendly . Vocabulary for KPDS & ÜDS Test – 64 A) chaos C) charm E) chat

B) chasm D) change

1. I think he has a legitimate to be the inventor of this process. A) coexistence C) clock E) circumstance


7. Do what you want. You have a blank on this project. B) chase D) check


A) charge C) chance E) charity

2. All visitors are requested to with the regulations. A) agree C) assent E) respond

B) comply D) consent

8. Is a person to be more highly for his courage or for his selfsacrifice? A) estimated C) esteemed E) criticized

B) assessed D) reckoned

C

3. He was elected in a secret . A) balance C) background E) bar

B) authenticity D) ballot

9. There's a cockroach the ceiling. A) about C) on E) for

B) in D) from

D

A) winds B) claims C) clocks D) collaborations E) circumstances

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4. I had to do what I did by force of .

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5. To what extent will future scientific discoveries make possible the of the human life span? A) increase B) expansion C) renewal D) growth E) prolongation

10. He met a mysterious figure who knew the truth the crime. A) behind C) away E) to

B) from D) about

11. She is willing to help others and shows concern them. A) about C) on E) for

B) in D) from


12. He has just broken with his girlfriend and is his own.

17. The achievements of modern science are difficult to .

A) of / up C) of / by E) on / on

A) catch C) seize E) grasp

B) up / on D) away / on

B) eliminate D) hold

13. Many people feel uneasy the situation in Afghanistan.

18. America has ceded key technologies Japan.

A) behind C) away E) to


14. The small child found himself trapped a big hole. B) for D) away

19. The ship Hoods did not start to until two days after the rain had stopped. A) recede C) depart E) blink

B) retreat D) sink

C

A) in C) at E) of

B) up D) of


B) from D) about

15. This ticket you to a free meal in our new restaurant.

D

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A) confers B) entitles C) grants D) credits E) encourages

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B) on D) down

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A) for C) up E) in

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16. He is the one who battles justice.

20. He went ahead with unpopular changes to hostile criticism. A) opposed C) unaware E) similar

B) indifferent D) contrary

21. Many students have the belief that British English is somehow more pure and perfect than American English. A) communistic C) godly E) erroneous

B) alternate D) indistinct


22. If you think that I am going to lend you any more money, you are very much . A) mistaken B) misunderstood C) disappointed D) wrong E) welcome

A) aside C) out E) up


23. His application for a visa was turned by the consulate. B) down D) over

24. A special committee is carrying the inquiry. B) in D) over

C

A) on C) away E) out

B) put up with D) put up

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w

w

D

A) stand up with C) stand with E) catch up with

r.

25. She's such an irritating woman! I don't know how you can her.



1. The speaker several valid arguments for the adjustment of salary scales. B) put off D) put up

A) burst out C) break up E) lift up

B) come across D) crop up

6. Whole villages have been by the floods.


A) put out C) put forward E) put in

5. The question of sex equality seems to in every discussion lesson in our school.

A) wiped out C) called off E) run down

B) mopped up D) swum out

2. You'd better that broken chair as soon as you can. B) get at D) see to

C

A) bump into C) stand for E) give up

3. The football match was called because of the snow. B) off D) of

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A) up C) over E) in

w w

A) out C) off E) on

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D

4. The meeting will have to be put because of the chairman's sudden illness. B) up D) down

7. The company directors asked the government to in the dispute and prevent a strike. A) intervene C) intercept E) internationalize

B) interact D) interpose

8. I'm afraid the result was a foregone . A) conclusion C) conduct E) committee


9. I'm afraid our expenditure has gone over the annual . A) cliff C) budget E) burden



10. The connection the two victims was minimal. A) with C) for E) of

B) to D) in

11. I became involved in a heated with him about this. B) arbitration D) attack

A) for C) to E) on

B) with D) along

16. the past decade, there has been a great change in China's economic policies.


A) attitude C) argument E) atmosphere

15. We will now move to discuss the methodology and approach adopted.

A) Without C) On E) At

B) About D) Over

12. I have this overwhelming to eat chocolate.


C

A) compulsion C) concern E) contrast

17. China's economic growth lagged far much of the rest of the world up to the 1970's. A) behind C) along E) in

B) during D) by

13. Did you send Alice an invitation the party? B) in D) to

D

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A) for C) of E) with

18. Michael is very selfish and has no for the feelings of other people. A) attention C) feeling E) idea

B) interest D) regard

w

A) on C) in E) for

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w

14. The methods data collection included observation, interviews and questionnaires. B) after D) from

19. We should become aware of these important of the problem. A) aspects C) considerations E) words

B) points D) faces


20. is supposed to be the essence of private enterprise.

25. Mark apologized to everyone coming late.

A) Competition C) Competence E) Conclusion

A) against C) out E) in

B) Concurrence D) Contention

B) for D) by

21. He's an amusing to have lunch with. B) companion D) thief


A) company C) background E) history

22. The finance has studied the problem and has reported back to the main board.

B) deal D) committee

C

A) bank C) agreement E) resource

23. There must be some way to speed up internal . Information travels so slowly between us. B) intervals D) memos

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D

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A) companions C) times E) communications

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24. It was a terrible dinner party. I found myself in the most boring . All English teachers! A) environment C) company E) situation

B) conference D) position



1. Although he didn't actually say he wanted a radio for his birthday, he did pretty strongly. B) suggest D) hint

2. That house is different the one I was looking for. B) at D) for

C

A) about C) by E) from

3. We had to choose from a motley of candidates.

B) company D) comparison

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w


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D

4. They are a typical multinational .

5. During their first teachertraining year, the students often visited local schools for the of lessons. A) research C) inspection E) observation

B) broke down D) submitted

7. I think it was intended as a back handed . A) compassion C) compliment E) comparison

B) compass D) conclusion

8. She longed to visit the house in Ankara, where she was as a child. A) brought in B) brought about C) brought out D) brought down E) brought up

B) amount D) assortment

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A) equality C) sum E) distinction

A) defeated C) gained E) offended


A) imply C) mention E) infer

6. A force of desperate men burst out of the besieged city and the army that had surrounded them.

B) investigation D) observance

9. Did you come my passport while you were clearing out the desk, by any chance? A) round C) across E) towards

B) up against D) to

10. Although none of us wanted to go on the picnic, it to be quite enjoyable. A) turned up C) showed up E) turned in

B) turned out D) showed off


11. The car suddenly stopped, and I realized that we had of gas.

16. A glass of wine now and then won't you any harm.

A) gone off C) finished E) gotten rid

A) make C) take E) suffer

B) run out D) used up

B) do D) give

12. Do you think there could be any other of doing it?

17. The local wine is rather rough, but you'll soon a taste for it!

A) reason C) justification E) response

A) receive C) accept E) purchase

13. I'm afraid I can't give you your money back unless you have a(n) for the pullover. B) invoice D) receiver

C

A) bill C) ticket E) receipt

14. Our ability to react quickly is a key of our success.

18. He couldn't his father that he was telling the truth. A) admit C) trust E) convince

B) confide D) contradict

19. I was relieved anxiety when I heard that you were safe. A) in C) down E) with

B) of D) up

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D

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A) complaint B) compensation C) company D) compassion E) compass

B) acquire D) adopt


B) cause D) means

A) ban C) bargain E) award

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15. He is a recognized expert, a renowned on this subject. B) authority D) ball

20. In World War II, the Allies suffered a long of defeats before they finally achieved victory. A) succession C) publicity E) alliance

B) prosperity D) unity


21. The situation was complicated by John's indecision. A) more C) further E) well

B) extra D) altogether

22. The storm did considerable to the trees in the park. B) destruction D) injury


A) harm C) damage E) favor

23. " Women in Love" examines the ill effects of industrialization the human psyche. B) with D) along

C

A) for C) to E) on

24. He faced the charge dignity. B) from D) with

D

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A) on C) against E) of

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w

25. They boasted their new house in the country. B) on D) against



1. The course concentrates the history of the Romans in England. B) on D) against

2. He was exempted military service because of his disability. A) from C) on E) with

B) against D) of

C

3. He congratulated us our wedding anniversary. A) on C) against E) of

B) from D) with

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D


w

5. The falling inflation rate is to a decrease in the amount of borrowing. A) indicative C) referred E) alike

B) retired D) disposed

7. Didn't it ever to them that they would be punished? A) occur C) enter E) imagine

B) happen D) strike

8. Eric participates the school's athletics team. A) about C) on E) for

B) in D) from

9. On his birthday, he drank wine the first time. A) for C) up E) in

B) in D) down

r.

4. Negotiations are deadlocked. I think we need to make a or two. A) compulsion C) concern E) contrast

A) paid C) resigned E) sacked



6. He was from the firm because he was always late for work.

B) attributed D) pertinent

10. There is no evidence that any member of the government is in the current scandals. A) connected C) participated E) interested

B) corrupted D) implicated


11. The little boy in demanding an icecream until he got one. A) insisted C) kept E) consisted

B) continued D) persisted

12. They were warned never to with the members of any extremist group. B) assimilate D) assume

A) Never C) No sooner E) So

B) Scarcely D) Just

18. They wanted their teacher to comment their project.


A) associate C) assign E) answer

17. had they recovered from the first earthquake when they felt the second tremor.

A) to C) on E) for

B) in D) from

13. Selfesteem, as it turns , is a big subject in American classrooms.

19. I'm longing a holiday.

A) in C) out E) off

A) for C) up E) in

C

B) for D) with

14. I'm tired of waiting the others. B) in D) from

20. The boy was charged a long list of juvenile crimes. A) with C) of E) on

B) up D) to

D

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A) to C) on E) for

B) on D) off

B) compete D) acquiesce

w

w

A) accommodate C) adopt E) comply

w

15. He was disqualified for failing to with the rules of the competition.

21. Jack specialized drawing animated pictures. A) to C) on E) for

B) in D) from

16. Unfortunately our local cinema is on the of closing down.

22. Thomas Paine's were extremely influential.

A) verge C) edge E) side

A) pamphlets C) notebooks E) lives

B) hint D) threat

B) letters D) dictations


23. Before the interview, each candidate had to have a medical examination. A) porous C) thesaurus E) outrageous

B) ridiculous D) rigorous

A) lotion C) potion E) promotion


24. The of turning the deserts green with plastic trees was dismissed as absurd. B) notion D) motion

25. The new material heat almost instantly.

B) dissipates D) trims

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D

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C

A) clogs C) sharpens E) tears



1. The long dark days and lack of a job made him feel . B) excited D) depressed

2. In Sweden, public of official documents is widespread. A) fraud C) defy E) litany

B) agony D) scrutiny

C

3. With her red hair and lively, outgoing manner, she was a character. A) ugly C) flamboyant E) repulsive


B) up D) of

7. The aim of the American Civil War was to the slaves. A) validate C) congratulate E) emancipate

B) inaugurate D) liquidate


A) alarmed C) pleased E) satisfied

6. He always dreamed being a famous actor.

B) tearful D) secretive

8. Dancers were as if in a frenzy. A) gyrating C) snoozing E) skipping

B) snoring D) drifting

9. For my birthday, I was given a writing set two pens, envelopes and notepaper. A) involving C) making E) comprising

B) forming D) taking

w

B) in D) from

w

A) to C) on E) for

D

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4. All the applicants had to wait a reply from the company.

w

5. They showed at the party without having been invited. A) for C) up E) in

B) on D) off

10. I wrote to my bank manager to getting a loan. A) in the hope B) on the question C) with the aim D) with a view E) for the purpose


11. The law is hard to enforce as few people with it. A) comply C) compete E) deal

B) cohere D) cajole

16. The newspaper will have to close down if it cannot increase its considerably. A) distribution C) subscription E) intrigues

B) printing D) circulation

12. It is a proof the experiment's validity.

17. I agree with you that point.


A) for C) to E) on

B) with D) along


B) up D) of

13. There may be some inconsistency the rules.

18. At first the children enjoyed the game but quite soon the novelty .

A) in C) out E) off

A) went off C) died down E) broke off

C

B) for D) with

14. This looks like a good for a picnic. B) site D) plot

D

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A) spot C) patch E) weather

B) died out D) wore off

19. The police a good deal of criticism over their handling of the demonstration. A) came in for B) brought about C) went down with D) opened up E) closed down

w

w

A) requests B) demands C) necessities D) requirements E) prospects

w

15. I wonder if you have a room available that meets my .

20. The increase from 5 million to 350 million speakers of English has not because of any special merits in the language itself. A) come to B) come up C) come about D) come forward E) come in


21. Everyday I went to the yard, I would lean the wall. A) towards C) with E) against

B) into D) from

22. There is no difference weekdays and the weekends and holidays. B) between D) without


A) during C) over E) about

23. The newspaper did not mention the of the damage caused by the fire. B) extent D) quantity

C

A) range C) amount E) sum

24. After a quick at the patient the doctor called for an ambulance. B) stare D) glimpse

D

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A) glance C) gaze E) talk

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A) ripple C) tipple E) cuddle

w

25. The crane looked like it was going to over. B) topple D) huddle



1. The robot can control the pressure it exerts because it has sensors. B) tasteful D) visible

2. He is the boss. He exerts absolute . A) ban C) bargain E) award

A) Because C) Owing to E) So

B) Through D) With

7. All the workers are pleased with the increased production of the new machines. They are far more and cheaper to run than old ones.


A) touchable C) tactile E) edible

6. the smoke and the noise, the party made me feel quite ill.

B) authority D) ball

A) apparent C) literate E) efficient

B) evitable D) eligible

8. Bank managers should be completely people.

A) authorities C) barriers E) authors

C

3. If there is a risk of pollution, I think we need to inform the proper . B) basics D) bans

B) fade out D) fall through

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w

D

A) wear off C) drop away E) clear up

r.

4. A few hours after the injection the feeling of numbness in your arm will .

w

5. The prospective buyer had decided to look the property before committing himself. A) about C) away E) over

B) out D) up

A) trusting C) trustful E) trustworthy

B) trust D) trusty

9. He seems unaware of the suffering there is outside his own comfortable little world. A) infinitely C) acutely E) totally

B) fully D) thoroughly

10. The children's ages are 10, 12, and 14, . A) respectively C) respectable E) respected

B) respective D) respectfully


11. The movement's ideas are not merely absurd; they are dangerous.

16. I got a vital from our Ankara office.

A) formally C) inevitably E) absolutely

A) assignment C) assertion E) asset

B) perfectly D) positively

A) assurance C) implication E) adjustment

17. I don't see any point in continuing to compete in the Turkish market. We're fighting a losing .


12. When one travels to a foreign country, the change of language, food, climate and customs requires a great deal of .

B) assistance D) assessment

B) suspension D) inference



13. Jane doesn't like to live in the country. She prefers life.

18. I'm appalled by your callous . That is no way for a responsible company to act.

A) subtle C) topical E) rich


C

B) potent D) urban


14. tools were made from animal bones or sharpened stones.

19. The factory very well with the sudden increase in demand.

A) Provincial C) Potential E) Primitive

A) competed C) succeeded E) inferred

w

D

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B) Primary D) Proportional

w

A) statement C) reference E) negotiation

w

15. As he made no to our quarrel, I assumed he had forgiven me. B) mention D) comment

B) coped D) raced

20. The majority of nurses are women, but in the higher ranks of the medical profession women are in a . A) rarity C) scarcity E) sum

B) minimum D) minority


21. 'What are your neighbors like?' 'Well, I'm afraid I don't with them very well.' A) come in C) get on E) show off

B) go out D) sit down

A) aptitude C) attempt E) arbitration


22. I don't think we can reach agreement by ourselves. We need to submit this to . B) attention D) attack

23. The argument led to a total in the negotiations. B) boredom D) board

C

A) development C) breakthrough E) breakdown

24. The situation was complicated by John's indecision.

r.

B) extra D) altogether

w

D

A) more C) further E) most

w

A) compose C) involve E) make

w

25. That old vase will an attractive lampholder. B) form D) assemble



1. The two countries in the trade war have now reached a tentative agreement. A) discriminated C) preceded E) differed

B) encountered D) involved

6. Having been let in the past, she has almost given on men. A) by / in C) down / up E) of / off

7. I think we need to take this to court as a test .

2. A good of credit for our success must go to our supporters; the football manager said.

C

B) sum D) count

3. There is a of public telephone boxes in my area.

B) waste D) reduction

8. Please contribute to the Hunger Site. It's all in a good . A) challenge C) celebration E) cooperation


9. It was that he happened to walk in just as we were discussing him. A) contemptible C) wretched E) necessary

B) unfortunate D) miserable

r.

A) total C) loss E) shortage




A) deal C) amount E) sum

B) for / up D) in / down

D

4. Mr. and Mrs. Hudson are always with each other about money.

w

w

B) discussing D) shouting

5. I would like to offer a small to anyone who finds my missing dog. A) receipt C) expense E) reward

10. The author cleverly kept the reader guessing. The solution to the crime was not until the very last page. A) excluded C) estimated E) suspended

w

A) annoying C) arguing E) dealing

B) repayment D) money

B) revealed D) retained


11. The harbor is too for very large ships to come in.

16. I was always taught that it was to interrupt other people.

A) deep C) wet E) enormous

A) raw C) rough E) rude

B) low D) shallow

B) coarse D) crude

12. We seem to be heading for a . We need to take urgent action.

17. Their three children in age from 10 to 17.

A) challenge C) celebration E) cooperation

A) account C) grow E) bring

13. What we are dealing with here is an unusual and complicated . B) catalogue D) caution

18. His importance as a political novelist in his sensitivity to the political world around him. A) rests C) stems E) rises

B) bases D) lies

C


B) ring D) range



14. I think the overriding of Longbridge's difficulties was a lack of investment.

19. I cannot bear the noise of my brother's radio; it me from my work.

A) challenge C) celebration E) cooperation

A) disturbs C) interrupts E) distances

D

r.


w

A) identified C) disclosed E) selected

w

w

15. No trace of poison was in the dead man's body. B) exposed D) detected

B) perturbs D) distracts

20. Membership to the club is restricted people over 30. A) up C) in E) to

B) by D) on


21. I've been taxing my about this but haven't come up with a solution. A) brain C) budget E) burden


22. She affection from her children but they neglected her shamefully. B) craved D) desired


A) yearned C) hungered E) forced

A) premium B) compensation C) remuneration D) total E) money

C

23. We are offering a substantial for information leading to the capture of this murderer.

B) opening D) scope

w

w

D

A) capacity C) range E) area

r.

24. John does not find that his new job provides him sufficient for his ability.

w

25. They were awaiting official of the news they had heard from a friend. A) statement B) recommendation C) transformation D) announcement E) confirmation



SYNONYMS

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w

D

r.

C

FOR KPDS & ÜDS


 accelerate (v.) , acceleration (n.), accelerated (adj.) – speed up By adding this chemical, we accelerate the process.

 application (n.), apply (v.) applied (adj.) a. spread on; b. use An application of sunscreen on your skin before you go out in the sun will prevent sunburn. One application of the program is that it can be used by physicists.


 address (v.) – focus on, concentrate on We need to address the need for a cure for this disease.

 apply (v.), application (n.) put on, apply, rub on, spread over

Apply the cream all over your skin.

 affect (v.) – to influence

 area (n.) – region, part

C

Eating too much candy will affect your weight.

 anxiety (n.), anxious (adj.), anxiously (adv.)

D

r.

He is suffering from anxiety.

w

 apparatus (n.) – device, piece of equipment, gadget, tool

He was suffering from pain in the area near his heart.

 assemble (v.) – put together, construct

The worker assembled the new machine.

 aspect (n.) – quality

HIV can be defined according to three aspects: cause, symptoms, and treatment.

w

w

The astronauts have special breathing apparatus.  attach (v.), attachment (n.) – fasten, append, connect Attach your photograph to your application.


 basic (adj.) – essential, fundamental, necessary Food is a basic human need.

 carrier (n.), carry (v.) – transmitter Fleas are carriers of the Y. pestis bacterium.

 blister (n.) – sore My new shoes caused a blister on my heel.

 catch (v.) – contract, become infected with


He caught a cold.

 blistering (n.), blister (v.)

The acid resulted in an area of blistering on his hand.

C

 bond (v.), bond (n.) – adhere, attach, become firmly fixed together

D

r.

It takes less than 10 seconds for the two papers to bond.

w

 branch off (v. phrase) – separate

 chief (adj.) – principal, foremost, leading

The chief reason for attending school is to acquire knowledge.

 choke up (v.) – fill with tears

He choked up when he heard the bad news.

 chronic (adj.) – unable to be cured

He suffers from chronic arthritis.

w

w

The bronchi branch off into bronchioles.

 called (adj.), call (v.) – termed, named A special tool, called a gastroscope, is used to perform a gastroscopy.

 circular (adj.) He moved his arms in a circular motion.


 cognitive (adj.) – related to the process of knowing, thinking, and learning Cognitive skills are important for students.

Americans and the British share a common language. Measles used to be a common childhood disease.

 communicable (adj. Measles is a communicable disease.


 collaborate (v.), collaboration (n.), collaborative (adj.), collaboratively (adv.) work together, pool resources

 common (adj.)

Professors Andrews and Samuelson collaborated on the project.

 complex (adj.) – complicated, intricate

 collaboratively (adv.) jointly

Brain surgery is a very complex procedure.

C

Dr. Johnson and Dr. Fearson worked on the project collaboratively.

 collaborator (n.)– colleague, coworker

 complicated (adj.) – complex

This is a complicated question.

D

r.

Dr. Larson and Dr. Pearson are collaborators on the project.

w

w

 combat (v.) – try to stop, try to reduce, try to defeat

w

The doctor used a new drug to combat the effects of the common cold.

 commence (v.) – begin, start We commenced our studies in September.

 complication (n.) – an added difficulty; one disease superimposed on another disease without being specifically related yet affecting or modifying the prognosis of the original disease

One complication of the measles can be pneumonia.

 confer (v.) – give, bestow His father conferred the name Bader on him.


 congenital (n.) The baby was born with a congenital birth defect.

 convert (v.), conversion (n.), converted (adj.) – changed, transformed The water was converted into steam.

 constant (adj.) – steady, unvarying

The disease is conveyed to humans by infected mice.


The mixture must be kept at a constant temperature.

 convey (v.) – transmit

 contain (v.) – hold, be full of

 crucial (adj.), crucially (adv.) – vital, critical, key

The glass contained water.

Receiving prompt treatment is crucial if the patient is to live.

C

 continual (adj.), continually (adv.) – repeated, persistent, repetitive

Hodgkin’s disease eventually culminates in death.

r.

The teacher asked him to stop his continual chatter.

 culminate (v.), culmination (n.) – end in

D

 contract (v.) – become infected with, catch

AIDS is a debilitating disease.

w

w

w

He contracted leprosy while he was living in India.

 debilitating (adj.), debilitation (n.), debilitate (v.) – incapacitating, weakening

 controversy (n.), controversial (adj.) – debate, argument There was a controversy over whether we should go or stay.

 defective (adj.), defect (n.) – faulty, imperfect, flawed A defective heart valve can lead to health problems.


 defend (v.), defense (n.) – to say or to write something to support somebody or something Although everyone said Mr. Ford was wrong, he defended his answer to the question.

 deranged (adj.) – abnormal in appearance The cells had become deranged and no longer resembled the parent cell.

 derive (v.) – to come from The main ingredient in the painkiller is derived from a common plant.


 deficiency (n.) – lack of He suffered from a deficiency of vitamin A.

 detect (v.), detection (n.) – identify, discover

 definite (adj.) – clear; easy to see or notice

Researchers have not detected the cause of autism.

C

There was a definite change in the liquid after the catalyst was added.

r.

 degenerative (adj.), degenerate (v.), degeneration (n.) – worsening (without hope of improvement), deteriorating

w

D

Huntington’s disease is a degenerative disease.

 devastate (v.), devastation (n.), devastated (adj.) – crush, desolate

The bad news devastated his mother.

 dimension (n.) – measurement (e.g., length, height)

What are the dimensions of the new building?

w

w

 depression (n.), depress (v.), depressed (adj.) – dejection, gloom He suffered from depression because of the death of his child.

 discover (v.), discovery (n.) learn, determine, detect Scientists have discovered that a mutant gene causes the disease.


 disparity (n.) – difference Most new cells failed to develop; however, new cells in the hippocampus did mature. This disparity may be because they are needed there.

 divide (v.), division (n.), divided (adj.) – separate, split They divided the work among themselves.

 dizzy (adj.), dizzily (adv.), dizziness (n.) The heat made me dizzy.


 dissipate (v.) – scatter; make disappear; disintegrate; dissolve Drinking a lot of water dissipates the toxin.

 dome (n.), domed (adj.) – a shape like a ball cut in half

 dissolve (v.) – to make something solid become part of a liquid by putting it in a liquid

The object was shaped like a dome.

C

Sugar dissolves in water.

 donor (n.), donate (v.) – giver, supplier

I hope there will be a kidney donor.

 distorted (v.), distortion (n.) distorted (adj.) – change so that something appears unnatural

 droplet (n.) – drop, bead, globule, drip

The technician placed a droplet of blood on the glass slide.

w

D

r.

The chemical distorted the natural shape of the object.

w

 distribution (n.), distribute (v.) – location, dispersal

w

The map shows the distribution of AIDS cases throughout the world.

 early (adj.) – initial Early signs of measles are fever and runny nose.


 effect (n.) – a change that is caused by something

 equipment (n.) (n.) – (This noun is always singular.) tools, utensils, apparatus

The effect of the diet was weight loss. The equipment included a Bunsen burner, tube, and beaker.  embed (v.) – to fix something deeply and firmly in something else


A piece of glass was embedded in the wound.

 eradicate (v.), eradication (n.) – eliminate, get rid of, wipe out Smallpox has almost been eradicated.

 essential (adj.) – vital, crucial, critical

 enable (v.) – allow, facilitate, permit, make possible

Treatment is essential if a patient is to recover from bubonic plague.

C

Studying the vocabulary words enables students to pass the vocabulary test.

r.

 enlarge (v.), enlargement (n.), enlarged (adj.) make bigger, increase, expand

w

w

D

I asked the man to enlarge the photograph to a bigger size.

w

 entire (adj.), entirely (adv.) – whole, complete, total I completed the entire task in less than one hour.

 evaporate (v.), evaporation (n.), evaporated (adj.) – if a liquid evaporates or if something evaporates, it changes into steam; if a feeling evaporates, it slowly disappears

The water evaporated into hot steam. Hope of reaching an agreement is evaporating.

 exaggerated (adj.) – larger than normal, overly large The hematoma was exaggerated in size.


 execute (v.) – carry out, perform The vocal cords execute a series of well coordinated movements during swallowing.

 exhibit (v.) – show, display, demonstrate

A gastroscope is an instrument that facilitates exploration of the upper gastric tract.

 fatigue (n.) – exhaustion, weariness Because of fatigue, the woman fell asleep immediately after she went to bed.


He exhibited signs of paranoia.

 facilitate (v.) – enable

 expansive (adj.), expanse (n.) – vast, extensive, sizeable, large

 feature (n.) characteristic, trait, aspect, symptom

The room was expansive.

One feature of the disease is trembling.

C

 extraordinary (adj.) – unexpected, unusual

 filtered (adj.), filtration (n.), filter (v.)

Winning $1 million was extraordinary.

The filtered water did not contain foreign matter.

D

r.

 extraordinary (adj.) – strange, odd

w

w

w

It was extraordinary that he didn’t know his own brother’s name.

 flake (n) a very small flat thin piece that breaks away easily or has been broken away from something else

The maid used soap flakes to wash the sweater.

 extraordinary (adj.) – special, exceptional, remarkable The discovery of the new star in the solar system was extraordinary.

 gender (n.) – sex (male or female) The doctor noted the patient’s gender.


 generate (v.) – produce, create, cause The process generates heat.

 grotesque (adj.) – bizarre, misshapen The baby’s head was grotesque because of the swelling.

 generation (n.) – age group Most teenagers complain that their parents’ generation doesn’t understand them.

 hint (v.), hint (n.) – imply, suggest


This discovery hints at a cure for the disease.

 give free rein to (v. expression) – permit (to give someone complete freedom to do whatever he or she wants) Dr. Nathan was given free reign to operate the clinic.

 humanity (n.) – all the people in the world thought of as a group; the human race

It was a crime against humanity.

C

 give free rein to (v. expression) – to allow an emotion or feeling to be expressed freely

 humanity (n.) – the quality of being kind and understanding

He gave free rein to his imagination.

r.

The prisoners were treated with humanity.

D

 glance (n.), glance (v.) – quick look

w

w

w

The dentist glanced at her watch.

 gradually (adv.) progressively The disease gradually worsened.

 hypothesize (v.), hypothesis (n.), hypothetical (adj.), hypothetically (adv.) – speculate, theorize

Scientists hypothesize that a mutant gene causes the disease.


 imagination (n.), imagine (v.) – the ability to form ideas and pictures in your mind

 informal (adj.) – casual Informal language is not used in scientific writing.

Autistic individuals have limited imagination.  inherited (adj.), inherit (v.), inheritance (n.) Hemophilia is an inherited disease.


 impair (v.), impairment (n.), impaired (adj.) – damage, harm, weaken The blood clot may impair his chance of survival.

 initial (adj.) – first, early

Initial symptoms are wheezing and coughing.

 individual (n.) – person, human being

C

An individual suffering from plague usually dies.

 individual (adj.) – single

 instantaneously (adv.) – immediately, directly

Becoming a pharmacist does not occur instantaneously; you must study for many years before you graduate.

D

r.

The scientist examined each individual sample under a microscope.

 intake (n.) – ingestion

An intake of junk food will result in obesity.

w

w

 inflammation (n.) – redness, irritation

w

The doctor prescribed a soothing lotion for my inflammation.

 intended (adj.), intend (v.), intention (n.), intentionally (adv.) – planned for, meant for The intended purpose of the drug is to relieve pain.

 inflame (v.), inflammation (n.), inflamed (adj.) – redden, irritate Some cosmetics inflame the skin.


 intensive (adj.), intensively (adv.) concentrated The course was only for a week, so it was very intensive.

 intoxicated (adj.) – drunk, inebriated

One symptom is malaise.

 malformed (adj.) – misshapen, deformed, abnormal, distorted The unfortunate baby’s arm was malformed.


He was intoxicated from the alcohol.

 malaise (n.) – depression, dissatisfaction, melancholy

 invade (v.), invasion (n.) – attack, assault

C

When diseasecausing germs invade a person's body, he or she may become ill.

 invariably (adv.) – always, habitually, consistently, customarily, regularly

 map (v.), map (n.) – chart

New technology made it possible for scientists to map the part of the human brain responsible for perception.

 merge (v.) – join together, come together, unite

The two veins merge.

D

r.

He invariably comes late.

w

 irritant (n.) – the cause of an irritation

 moist (adj.), moisture (n.) – slightly wet, damp

Keep the soil moist, or the plant will die.

w

w

I’m not sure what the irritant is that is causing the rash on my skin.

 irritated (adj.), irritate (v.), irritation (n.) inflamed The boy’s irritated arm caused him intense pain.

 momentum (n.) – speed, strength The ball gained momentum as it rolled downhill.


 numbness (n.), numb (adj.) – lack of sensation

 peak (v.) – to reach the highest value, level, rate, etc. Her temperature peaked at 39º.

 occupied (adj.), occupy (v.) – being used; busy  peculiar (adj.) – characteristic of A bitter smell is peculiar to that type of poison.


This seat is occupied. Taking care of her children keeps her occupied.

 occupy (v.) – to fill a space or period of time; to hold a position

 peculiar (adj.) – odd, strange

Alexander Fleming occupies a high position in the list of leading scientists.

C

 ordinary (adj.) – common, normal, commonplace He was an ordinary person.

He is a peculiar person.

 perception (n.), perceive (v.) – awareness

There is something wrong with his perception of the problem.

D

r.

 overdose (n.), overdose (v.) – O.D.

 perception (n.), perceive (v.) – opinion

My perception is different than yours.

w

w

w

The woman took an overdose of sleeping pills.

 particular (adj.) – This adjective is always used in front of a noun. One particular student, whom I won’t name, is not doing his homework.

 perplex (v.), perplexing (adj.) – puzzle, bewilder, confuse, confound, baffle The data perplexes me.


 prey on (v.) – feed on, live off of  persist (v.), persistence (n.) – continue

Some bacteria prey on other bacteria.

You should see a doctor if your fever persists.  private (adj.) – personal His life as a movie star is different from his private life.


 population (n.), populate (v.), populated (adj.) – inhabitants, residents Good healthcare results in a healthy population.

 professional (n.) – someone who works in a job that requires special education and training

Dentists and pharmacists are professionals.

C

 position (n.), position (v.) – the place where something is or should be; opinion That specimen is in the wrong position.

 progress (v.), progression (n.) – advance, grow

As the disease progresses, the symptoms increase.

r.

 position (n.) – opinion

 progressively – gradually

w

D

His position is that we should start again.

His condition progressively worsened.

w

w

 predisposition (n.), predispose (v.) – tendency, inclination A genetic predisposition may cause autism.

 proper – right, suitable, correct I put the book in its proper place.


 proposed (adj.), propose (v.), proposal (n.) – recommend, suggest

 reality (n.) – actuality The reality is that people do not have wings, so they cannot fly.

The proposed treatment is heart surgery.

 public (n.), public (adj.) – community, general population; open

 recognized (adj.), recognize (v.) accepted That is not the recognized way to do that.


The public has a right to know the truth. She left her purse in a public area.

 recurrence (n.), recur (v.) – reappearance, return

 pulse (n.) – heartbeat

The recurrence of plague is a possibility.

The nurse took the patient’s pulse.

C

 rash (n.) – irritation, inflammation She had a rash on her arms.

 refer (v.), reference (n.) – to be associated with; to send to someone for information, help, etc.

The term neoplasia refers to cancer. The man was referred to Dr. Dickson for treatment.

D

r.

 range (v.), range (n.) – vary, extend

w

w

Their TOEFL scores ranged from 200 to 300.

 regard (v.) – consider

Macy regards this issue as being very important.

w

 ravage (v.) – damage severely The disease ravages the immune system.  relate (v.), related (adj.) – link, associate The increase in lung cancer in women is related to the increasing number of female smokers.


 related – kinned

 rotated (adj.), rotate (v.), rotation (n.) – revolve, spin

She is related to my family. The earth rotates around the sun.

 replicate (v.), replication (n.) – duplicate, copy, imitate

Heredity has been ruled out as a cause of the disease.


The mutant cell replicates itself.

 rule out (v.) – eliminate

 residue (n.) – deposit

There was a brown residue in the empty beaker.

 scary (adj.), scarily (adv.), scare (v.), scare (n.) – frightening

I find injections to be scary.

C

 resistant (adj.), resist (v.), resistance (n.) – not harmed by This watch is water resistant.

One man said that the English football fans should be segregated so that they would not cause trouble at the football match.

r.

 resistant (adj.), resist (v.), resistance (n.) – opposed to

 segregate (v.), segregation (n.), segregated (adj.) – separate, isolate

w

D

She is resistant to change.

w

w

 restore (v.), restoration (n.) – bring back (to the original condition), return (to the original condition) The patient will restore his health by following a new diet.

 sensation (n.), sense (v.) – feeling

I felt a burning sensation on my skin.


 sensation (n.), sense (v.) feeling I had the peculiar sensation that I was floating in air.

 show (v.) – demonstrate, illustrate, explain, give an idea about

The transfer of carbon dioxide occurs simultaneously with the transfer of oxygen.

 sober (adj.) – abstinent He told the police he was sober because he had not drunk any alcohol.


Today, our teacher showed us how to write a summary.

 simultaneously (adv.) – at the same time, concurrently

 show (v.) – prove, confirm

C

His test results show that he is a good student.

 show up (v. phrase) able to be seen or be noticed

The lotion had a soothing effect on the patient’s sunburned skin.

 speculate (v.), speculation (n.) – guess, conjecture, hypothesize

Scientists speculate that a mutated gene causes the disorder.

D

r.

A trace of blood showed up in the patient’s urine.

 soothing (adj.), soothe (v.)

w

w

 sideeffect (n.) – the unpleasant effect something may have in addition to the effect it is supposed to have

 spread (v.) – transmit

Lyme disease is spread by deer ticks.

w

One sideeffect of the cold medication is sleepiness.  sterile (adj.) – uncontaminated Place the liquid in a sterile beaker.


 suggested (adj.), suggest (v.), suggestion (n.) indicated According to the patient’s symptoms, suggested treatment was an injection of penicillin.

 swollen (adj.), swell (v.) – enlarged

Scientists theorize that a large meteorite collided with the earth long ago.

 tough (adj.) – demanding; strong His father was a tough man. That tough man can lift 200 kg.


His leg was swollen.

 theorize (v.), theory (n.) – speculate, imagine

 symptom (n.) – indication, sign

One symptom of Lyme disease is swelling of the lymph glands near the tick bite.

 trace (n.) mark or sign (that shows that something happened or existed)

C

The man disappeared without a trace.

 task (n.) – chore

D

r.

Her task is to record changes in temperature.

 trace (n.) – a very small amount of something

Traces of blood were found under her fingernails.

w

 tendency (n.) – predisposition, propensity, inclination

w

w

Some people have a tendency to be diabetic.

 termed (adj.), term (v.), term (n.) – called, named, referred to as The tool, termed a gastroscope, allows doctors to examine the gastric tract.

 tranquilizing (adj.) – sedating; calming, soothing The drug is used for its tranquilizing effect.


 transformed (adj.), transform (v.), transformation (n.) – convert, change, alter

 uphill (adj.) – very difficult (and requiring a lot of effort) It was an uphill fight against emphysema.

The liquid was transformed into a gas.

 transient (adj.) – brief, temporary, fleeting

 utter (adj.), utterly (adv.) – complete He wants utter relief from the pain.


Fortunately, the pain is transient.

 transmit (v.) – spread

Lyme disease is transmitted by the deer tick.

C

 trigger (v.), trigger (n.) – activate, generate, produce, catalyze

 verbal (adj.) – spoken, oral

Sometimes nonverbal communication is as important as verbal communication.

 via (prep.) – by way of

The blood returns to the heart via the arteries.

D

r.

The hormone triggers growth.

w

 typically (adv.) – normally, usually, habitually

He closed his hand in a vigorous movement.

w

w

The disease typically takes several weeks to appear.

 vigorous (adj.), vigorously (adv.) – energetic, forceful, strong, brisk

 unexpectedly (adv.), unexpected (adj.) without warning, unpredictably, out of the blue, all at once, surprisingly The mixture exploded unexpectedly.

 violent (adj.) – very strong, powerful, intense, uncontrolled The patient’s shaking was violent.


 vital (adj.) – crucial, essential Oxygen is vital for human survival.

 wander (v.) – roam


We spent a pleasant afternoon wandering through the mall.

 widespread (adj.) – prevalent, common, endemic

w

w

w

D

r.

C

The disease is widespread throughout Europe.


Synonyms for KPDS & ÜDS Test – 1

1. There are now many special programs and opportunities for the handicapped. B) disabled D) elderly

2. Few other waterfalls exceed the volume of water that passes over Niagara Falls. A) generate C) sustain E) proceed

A) new machines B) new teachers C) new methods D) new tools E) new funds

6. My failure to understand even basic mathematics puts advanced physics beyond my scope of understanding.


A) unemployed C) uneducated E) handmade

5. In recent years there have been many innovations in teaching that have made learning easier.

B) endure D) surpass

A) range C) aim E) reservoir

B) view D) need

7. Mail service will be suspended during the postal workers' strike.

C

3. It was a minute crack in the motor block that ruined the car. A) hidden C) manysided E) enormous

B) very small D) multiple

A) inspected C) uninterrupted E) curtailed

B) delayed D) speeded

r.

8. There is a great diversity of opinion on this issue.

w

w

A) needs B) characteristics C) tendencies D) weaknesses E) faults

A) similarity C) commonness E) difference

B) unity D) collection

w

D

4. Monkeys have many human traits.

9. Rain lessens in the fall throughout the northern part of the country. A) accumulates C) abates E) hikes

B) pours D) evaporates


10. Valium is a strong drug that can cause a driver to sleep at the wheel.

15. Albert said that it was essential for us to leave immediately.

A) dream C) burp E) snore

A) unwise C) possible E) necessary

B) sneeze D) doze

16. In violin making, the choice of the wood is crucial. A) selection C) production E) election

B) shape D) resonance


11. Some critics think that Mark Twain's autobiography should be ranked with the great autobiographies of the world.

B) desirable D) predictable

A) eliminated from B) considered equal to C) put on a level below D) edited to the standards of E) subject to criticism

17. The Chinese were probably the first tea drinkers in the world.

12. The reporter wondered how impartial the decision really was.

A) possibly C) necessarily E) essentially

B) eventually D) probably

19. After much thought, he agreed reluctantly.

w

D

B) ratified D) signed

w

w

14. Earth is just the right distance from the sun to maintain the conditions for life to flourish. A) commence C) flounder E) illuminate

18. Most tooth paste is basically chalk.

r.

13. The court nullified the agreement after months of debate. A) heard C) dismissed E) annulled

B) most likely D) seemingly

B) onesided D) wise

C

A) unprejudiced C) insensitive E) biased

A) apparently C) believably E) hardly

B) thrive D) vegetate

A) eagerly C) unwillingly E) resolutely

B) willingly D) finally

20. Today's class has already been called off. A) revised C) cancelled E) changed

B) completed D) announced


21. We were forced to postpone the picnic. A) call off C) do without E) take off

B) put off D) see about

A) cause C) create E) presume


22. Meteorologists use balloons to forecast weather patterns. B) predict D) test

23. Anne's father was brought up in a small town. B) educated D) promoted

C

A) born C) assigned E) raised

24. He admitted having made a serious mistake. B) refused D) rejected

D

r.

A) denied C) acknowledged E) repented

w

A) assess C) achieve E) start

w

w

25. In spite of my efforts, I never seem to accomplish anything. B) evaluate D) diminish



1. Smoking is prohibited in cinemas in the US. B) approved D) banned

2. We inferred from his remarks that he was happy about the project.

3. It is generally recognized that Asia was the cradle of civilization about 5,500 years ago.

B) determined D) distributed

D

r.

A) known C) challenged E) considered

w

w

w

4. The author's writing influenced European literature far more than did that of any other nineteenthcentury American author. A) dominated C) motivated E) affected

B) join D) appreciate

6. Harvard, established at Cambridge, Massachusetts in 1636, is the oldest college in America. A) built C) originated E) funded

B) authorized D) founded

7. When the election results were made known, the prime minister acknowledged defeat.

C

A) deferred B) misunderstood C) answered D) heard E) concluded

A) enjoy C) prepare E) adapt


A) permitted C) revoked E) punished

5. Many young couples do not give themselves time to adjust to married life before a baby arrives.

B) directed D) criticized

A) admitted C) rejected E) realized

B) deserved D) defended

8. He has altered a great deal since I last saw him. A) grown C) improved E) changed

B) deteriorated D) slimmed

9. A student will often shift his interest from one field to another. A) translate C) change E) distinguish

B) define D) confine


10. There is no known cure for this disease, but neurologists are developing ways to help sufferers cope with it. A) eradicate B) retard C) deal with D) dispense with E) get over with

15. The company is seeking to increase its profits. A) wishing C) expecting E) aiming

B) trying D) waiting

16. He was often told that he looked like his father. A) reproached C) resembled E) imitated

A) record C) summarize E) regard

17. Jason was assigned to a new post.

B) remember D) obtain

12. The two workers responsible for the accident will be sacked. B) arrested D) praised

C

A) promoted C) treated E) dismissed

w

w

14. The country is governed by the newly elected prime minister. A) taken over C) chosen E) ruled

A) appointed C) called E) funded

B) encouraged D) allocated

18. The problem arose when the students refused to do their homework. A) deteriorated B) grew C) enticed D) was resolved E) emerged

B) abandon D) board

w

D

r.

13. The captain was the last to leave the ship. A) assess C) accompany E) get on

B) restrained D) reconciled


11. I tried to acquire the information that my friend needed.

B) advised D) watched

19. I can't put up with his behavior any more. A) encourage C) approve of E) mock

B) criticize D) tolerate


20. She came out of the restaurant accompanied by her employer.

25. Galileo is regarded as the founder of modern science.

A) chased C) ignored E) deserted

A) believed C) viewed E) assessed

B) escorted D) endorsed

B) supposed D) criticized

A) scolded C) contacted E) praised


21. The principal congratulated the student on his outstanding display of leadership. B) sent D) recognized

22. She completely disregarded all our objections. B) ignored D) deserved

C

A) listened to C) disliked E) considered

23. We must preserve tropical forests to prevent the extinction of some species of animals and plants.

r.

B) destroy D) improve

w

D

A) conserve C) enlarge E) burn

w

A) offer C) justify E) set up

w

24. Parents should establish certain rules for their children to follow. B) distribute D) suggest



1. Electronic firms continue to seek ways of developing more sophisticated equipment. A) discover C) look for

6. Many properties of the atmosphere affect the amount of solar radiation that reaches the earth. A) estates B) characteristics C) levels D) impurities

B) find D) reveal


7. The issue we are discussing concerns everyone who has children.

2. Plato's teachings had a profound effect on Aristotle. A) influence C) satisfaction

A) subject C) book

B) article D) event

B) affection D) depth

8. Both heredity and environment help to shape a person's character.

3. Surplus supplies of coal should be stored for future emergencies.

A) rumor C) trend

B) prejudice D) security

w

D

B) desirability D) undeniability

w

w

5. When he was director of the company, his first accomplishment was to bring about better working conditions. A) accumulation C) achievement

9. Many doctors are still general practitioners, but the tendency is toward specialization in medicine.

r.

4. Probability is the mathematical study of the likelihood of an event's occurrence. A) predictability C) fallibility

B) education D) upbringing

B) poor quality D) excess

C

A) available C) considerable

A) relatives C) surroundings

B) defeat D) job

10. Winning an Olympic medal was a great achievement on his part. A) prize B) accomplishment C) reward D) award


11. Nicole has always shown a remarkable aptitude for becoming a great cook.

17. The company asked for an assessment of the student before giving him a job.

A) willingness C) reluctance

A) an opinion C) a transcript

B) enthusiasm D) ability

B) a recommendation D) an evaluation

12. His competence as a teacher is amazing.

18. Changes of culture were a direct result of commerce.

A) experience C) determination

A) trade C) agreement

13. Her aggressive manner irritated so many people that no one wanted to spend time with her. B) attacking D) advisable

C

A) shy C) modest

14. The dwindling supplies of fossil fuels make it necessary to search for alternative sources of energy.

19. Many reptiles are often classified as beneficial to humans. A) harmful C) relevant

B) useful D) undesirable

20. He has made significant contributions to science. A) interesting C) useful

B) important D) exciting

B) retreating D) decreasing

D

r.

A) decaying C) fading

B) negotiation D) schooling


B) capability D) punctuality

A) abundant C) necessary

B) scarce D) sufficient

w

w

A) harmful B) crucial C) vital D) indispensable

w

15. Smoking is detrimental to human health.

21. There isn't adequate food to feed so many people. We should get some more food.

22. Efficient air service has been made available through modern technology.

16. The evolution in computer technology has accelerated since 1980. A) decline C) change

B) development D) growth

A) affluent C) modern

B) inexpensive D) effective


23. We tried in vain to wake him from a profound sleep. A) proper C) drowsy

B) light D) deep

24. A sound economy and high standards of education are crucial to the development of a country. B) effective D) suitable


A) hazardous C) important

25. The initial step is often the most difficult. B) longest D) first

w

w

w

D

r.

C

A) quickest C) last



1. Henry Ford is known for mass producing the Model T, thus making it available to the average American. B) constructed for D) known to

2. The court had absolute proof that he had committed the crime. A) indispensable C) partial

B) fragmentary D) complete

3. Her husband is very competent: he will repair the roof himself.

D

B) difficult D) tiring

w

w

w

5. The Smiths were optimistic that their son would be able to leave the hospital for Christmas. A) hopeful C) certain

A) fragile C) vanished

B) related D) active

8. The ballet's visual message is comprehensible to almost everyone. A) acceptable C) understandable

B) interesting D) pleasing

9. Charles was quite upset by Jerry's remarks. A) amused C) irritated

B) disappointed D) angered

r.

4. When their rent increased from $200 to $ 400, they protested against such a tremendous increase. A) light C) huge

7. Scientists found the prints of several extinct species in the cave.

B) thrifty D) careful

C

A) capable C) industrious

A) not able to be distinguished B) not able to be parted C) not able to be understood D) not able to be believed


A) obtainable by C) desired by

6. Identical twins are frequently inseparable; they even seem to think alike.

10. Extensive use is made of computer based technology in factories and offices. A) spacious C) progressive

B) plentiful D) widespread

B) doubtful D) surprised 11. When asked if he had broken the vase, Paul gave an ambiguous reply. A) unmistakable C) uncertain

B) clear D) astonishing


12. Because he was unaware of the new limit, he was stopped and warned for speeding.

18. One third of the Earth's surface area of approximately 197 million square miles is devoted to farming.

A) obstinate C) ignorant

A) totally C) exactly

B) intricate D) adjacent

13. That fellow George is a brilliant engineer. He is also quite imaginative. B) boring D) diligent

14. This course focuses primarily on the history of early civilizations. A) objectively C) actively

B) subjectively D) mainly

C

15. His previous play won a literary prize. A) best C) first

B) earlier D) lengthy

B) clearly D) gradually

w

w

w

D

r.

16. Recent population shifts have fundamentally drawn people away from the old industrial centers towards sunnier climates and more spacious environments. A) originally C) basically

17. As photographic techniques have become more sophisticated, the scope of their application has expanded enormously. A) tremendously C) flagrantly

19. An inexperienced driver is a potential danger. A) possible C) certain

B) actual D) definite


A) dull C) intelligent

B) largely D) roughly

B) appealingly D) diversely

20. There is no resolution to this conflict. A) decision B) action C) condition D) disagreement

21. Throughout the year 1989, there was a sharp rising rate of inflation in Turkey. A) grimly C) steeply

B) constantly D) roughly

22. We go out to the country chiefly on hot, sunny days in the summer. A) scarcely C) occasionally

B) mainly D) rarely

23. The relativity theory is basically made up of two parts: the restricted and the general relativity theory. A) necessarily B) fundamentally C) approximately D) usually


24. Football is astoundingly popular in England. A) curiously C) traditionally

B) amazingly D) customarily

25. He stepped on my foot intentionally. B) reluctantly D) annoyingly

w

w

w

D

r.

C


A) accidentally C) deliberately



1. The escaped prisoner was captured in a restaurant. A) caught C) kept

B) killed D) noticed

A) By the way C) Personally

B) For our information D) Actually

3. Basically, I agree with your proposals, though there are a few small points which I would like to discuss.

4. Desert plants differ considerably from one part of the world to another.

r.

w

w

w

5. Prehistoric man farmed the land by using primitive tools fashioned out of rock and wood. A) advanced C) decorative

7. Evidently, such men are usually powerful and wealthy A) Clearly B) Unfortunately C) Admittedly D) Surprisingly

8. Do it now! Otherwise, it'll be too late. A) Or else C) Essentially

B) Principally D) Aside

9. We booked our seats well in advance of the date we wanted to travel. A) ahead of C) during

B) after D) for

B) significantly D) slightly

D

A) vitally C) necessarily

B) earliest D) oldest

B) Essentially D) Ultimately

C

A) Probably C) Naturally

A) chief C) automotive


2. Incidentally, do you know where John lives now?

6. The General Motors Corporation is the principal industry in Pontiac, Michigan.

B) metallic D) simple

10. Steady economic growth can only be achieved by curbing inflation and maintaining production targets. A) Constant C) Safe

B) Rapid D) Desirable

11. The play succeeded thanks to fine acting by all the cast. A) because of B) notwithstanding C) despite D) regarding


12. Inadequate supply of oxygen to the blood can cause death within minutes. A) abundant C) substantial

B) insufficient D) nonexistent

13. The people living along the coast escaped inland before the hurricane hit. B) floundered D) remained

14. Regular use of this cream will help to relieve the rough, dry condition of your skin. A) alleviate C) evaporate

A) varied C) rose

B) decreased D) stabilized

19. Bill did an admirable job in organizing the team. A) praiseworthy C) odd

B) reliable D) terrible


A) fled C) settled

18. The price of gold fluctuated and then fell on the world market last month.

B) abbreviate D) aggravate

20. On weekends we wear casual clothes unless we expect company or go out. A) formal C) loose

B) informal D) tight

A) aim C) ambition

C

15. Her principal objective was international fame as a scientist.

B) wish D) superiority

B) result D) controversy

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D

A) likelihood C) idea

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17. Does Jimmy take after his father? A) walk behind C) help

A) careful C) careless

B) foolish D) clever

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16. The probability of the strike ending before the tourist season is not high.

21. Ali was cautious in the way he approached Nil when she was in a bad mood.

22. My father is a man of moderate views. A) modern C) stern

B) predictable D) reasonable

B) fight with D) resemble 23. Soot sticks to anything it touches. A) points to C) blackens

B) clings to D) streaks


24. Electronic firms continue to seek ways of developing more sophisticated equipment. A) discover C) look for

B) find D) reveal

25. We hired a car for a week when we were in Italy.


B) rented D) reserved

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D

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C

A) purchased C) bought



6. The alert watchman gave the alarm when he found the broken window. A) sluggish C) diligent

1. The professor tried to stimulate interest in archeology by taking his students on expeditions. B) encourage D) inhibit

7. Hair is exclusively found in mammals. A) commonly C) only

B) exceptionally D) mostly


A) diminish C) test

B) watchful D) inattentive

2. It's difficult to make a precise prediction about the inflation rate because of the economic instability in the country.

8. The flowers on the table were a manifestation of the child's love for his mother.

A) a reliable C) an estimated

A) demonstration C) combination

B) an accurate D) a quick

B) satisfaction D) need

9. We must do all we can to alleviate the suffering of these poor people.

A) gossip C) investigation

A) stop C) compensate for

C

3. The inquiry concerning the accident was handled by the chief of the police.

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B) rumor D) worry

B) get rid of D) lessen

A) Being on time B) Being efficient C) Being cheerful D) Being polite

A) dutifully C) recklessly

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10. The soldier rashly agreed to lead the dangerous expedition.

D

4. Punctuality is of great importance in your new job.

5. I can't see any distinction between these cases. A) difference C) resemblance

B) relationship D) choice

B) heroically D) reluctantly

11. The drought was very severe. It had not rained for nearly thirty days. As a result, food would be scarce in the fall. A) plentiful C) abundant

B) insufficient D) enough


12. George seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director. A) realized C) grasped

B) rendered D) delivered

13. In spite of his many faults, Paul is very dedicated to his mother. B) agreeable D) considerable

14. Some sedimentary rocks are made entirely of very large coral beds. A) unusual B) mature C) massive D) subterranean

C

B) fast D) versatile

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A) dependable C) automatic

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D

16. Stephen Foster was one of American's most popular and productive songwriters, composing more than hundred songs in his lifetime.

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B) opportunities D) desires

18. Insect pests are among the leading causes of crop failure. A) expected C) chief

B) natural D) least

19. There had been disagreements between them, triggered by his work. A) sparked off C) excited

15. The robot, although reliable, has limited use.

A) prolific C) gifted

A) choices C) plans


A) polite C) devoted

17. The university offers several courses designed to further the career aspirations of its students.

B) developed D) ended

20. The government placed restrictions on sales of weapons. A) limitations C) opportunities

B) reductions D) increases

21. The momentum in the direction of services is such that further increases in benefits and therefore in taxes seem almost inevitable. A) unavoidable C) untrue

B) obligatory D) redundant

B) industrious D) famous 22. Ann is a capable pianist but she's not yet quite ready to play in concerts. A) competent C) hard working

B) famous D) determined


23. She was an unlikely candidate for the position. A) unpopular C) risky

B) improbable D) unqualified

24. The concert was so awful that everyone left in the middle. B) unskillful D) delightful


A) bad C) inconvenient

25. The argument, although understandable, was not very convincing.

B) reliable D) clear

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D

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C

A) persuasive C) realistic



1. These housing projects must be designed and built according to very strict criteria. A) locations C) relations

B) contracts D) standards

6. Attitudes on the two sides in the Revolutionary war precluded the possibility of a peaceful solution. A) promoted C) anticipated

B) prevented D) prejudiced

7. Two of the passengers were severely injured in the accident. B) seriously D) inevitably


A) slightly C) fatally

2. The committee is expected to adopt his suggestions. A) anticipate C) refuse

B) alter D) accept

A) elected C) honored

A) vestiges C) discrepancies

B) defects D) contentions

C

3. John F. Kennedy was assassinated in Dallas on November 23, 1963.

8. Supporters of nofault automobile insurance believe it corrects flaws in the older system, which requires that blame be determined before claims are settled.

B) killed D) inaugurated

9. He stopped his car suddenly when the light turned red.

B) constituted D) inaugurated

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D

A) described C) praised

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5. Violent criminals like that are a danger to society. A) burden C) hazard

A) abruptly C) dangerously

B) ambiguously D) carelessly

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4. In 1942, Enrico Fermi and other scientists at the University of Chicago launched the nuclear age.

B) asset D) contribution

10. You must take into account the student's long illness. A) disregard C) examine

B) ignore D) consider

11. The child has been relatively silent most of this evening. A) sadly C) comparatively

B) remarkably D) strangely


12. Eventually the proportion of people of working age will decline. A) Actually C) Definitely

B) Ultimately D) Officially

A) demonstrable C) probable

A) obstinate C) conscious

B) anxious D) determined

19. The feeling of competition in the classroom was noticeable to everyone. A) discord C) discovery

B) cooperation D) rivalry


13. Please make every endeavor to arrive punctually. Because the information was easily accessible, we found it immediately.

18. If you're going to be stubborn about doing everything yourself, you may learn a better way.

B) reachable D) acceptable

14. Life in the forest is a constant battle for survival.

20. The sign requested that we extinguish all fires before leaving the camp ground.

A) fight C) option

A) put out C) put off

C

B) struggle D) trial

15. The store was known for its very notable objects. I searched and searched, but everything appeared ordinary. I found nothing unusual to buy.

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16. The affection they felt for each other was obvious to everyone. A) hatred C) fondness

A) unspoken C) angry

B) complete D) unique

22. I cannot accommodate all these people. I don't have enough beds for them. A) put up C) put out

B) put off D) put up with

B) adherence D) sickness 23. I was stunned by his suggestion for changing the system.

17. It is imperative that the package be delivered today. A) determined C) known

21. Helen listened to Frank's explanations in utter amazement.

B) expensive D) smart

D

A) valuable C) remarkable

B) put up D) put up with

B) urgent D) clear

A) pleased C) shocked

B) infuriated D) amused


24. Mt. Helens erupted in March 1980 after one hundred twentythree years of silence. A) exploded C) split

B) roared D) disintegrated

25. The storm caused irreparable damage to the Finike citrus crop.


B) irresistible D) irregular

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D

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C

A) irresponsible C) irrecoverable



6. Maria did every thing with facility. However, this time she faced an insur mountable obstacle. There was no way she could solve the problem. A) quickness C) carelessness

A) terminated B) commemorated C) commenced D) originated

7. Most teenagers think their actions are mature. A) grown up C) intelligent

2. The nation of Gabon has some of the most valuable natural resources in Africa. A) extensive C) privileged

B) ease D) haste


1. The ceremony started at exactly 9 o'clock.

B) precious D) revered

8. The new teaching aids will facilitate learning in a short time. A) make difficult B) make profitable C) make effective D) make easier

C

3. The seeds of this plant have a licorice taste.

B) serious D) childlike

A) smell C) flavor

B) core D) crust

9. There is an acute shortage of petrol. A) inadequate C) inevitable

D

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4. Network employees and employees of associated companies are not allowed to participate in TV quiz games.

B) severe D) drastic

B) connected D) member

10. Fish abound in this small stream. A) are scarce C) are plentiful

B) are dead D) are rare

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A) subsidiary C) social

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5. Raw materials are abundantly available in Great Britain. A) scarcely C) precisely

B) plentifully D) amazingly

11. It is a wellknown fact that the hencuckoo lays her eggs in the nests of other birds and practically never broods herself. A) substantially C) essentially

B) relatively D) virtually


12. The principal threatened to expel him from school if he didn't behave better.

17. I enjoyed the concert very much. The pop singer's performance was particularly good.

A) prevent C) try out

A) unexpectedly C) especially

B) send out D) exert

A) plausible C) perilous

B) perpetual D) perplexing

14. The author wrote with great clarity, not missing a single detail. B) clearness D) genius

C

A) extensiveness C) cleverness

18. She always gets upset about unimportant matters. A) prevalent C) common

B) crucial D) trivial


13. The constant motion of the earth as it turns on its axis creates the change of seasons.

B) unbelievably D) fairly

19. Incidentally, do you know where John lives now? A) By the way B) For our information C) Personally D) Actually

20. Violators who are ignorant of the parking laws must still pay their fines.

A) a wide ranging B) a contemporary C) understandable D) simple

A) are tired of B) want to know C) are respectful to D) know nothing about

D

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15. The course provides a comprehensive overview of nineteenth century American literature.

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A) abundant C) distant

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16. The stars are too numerous to be counted. B) small D) indistinct

21. After many attempts he eventually managed to get promotion. A) finally C) probably

B) obviously D) fortunately


22. Evidently, he has decided to leave. A) Obviously B) Unfortunately C) Wisely D) Surprisingly

23. The hotel he recommended proved to be too expensive.


A) turned out to be B) looked C) wasn't D) demanded proof of being

A) conformed B) corresponded C) devoted D) sacrificed

C

24. The doctor dedicated his life to finding a cure to cancer.

25. The accident occurred because the taxi driver was careless.

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B) negligent D) intolerant

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D

A) alert C) ignorant



6. He had a knife concealed in his pocket. A) placed C) kept

B) hidden D) treasured

1. The taxi driver was blamed for causing the accident. B) honored D) chosen

2. Using the right hand when shaking hands is a convention. A) custom C) objective

B) innovation D) obligation

3. The hidden room was accessible only through a secret back entrance.

4. By her clothes one could see that she was quite prosperous.

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5. It's absurd not to wear a coat in such cold weather. A) brave C) disgusting

8. Currently, there are more young people in Turkey than at any other time in our history. A) At present C) Before long

B) At once D) Up to now

9. Coffee consumption by American coffee drinkers has diminished to 2.06 cups per day. A) amounted C) improved

B) dropped D) increased

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B) welltodo D) calm

D

A) peaceful C) poor

A) advantage B) disadvantage C) improvement D) potential

B) visible D) usable

C

A) available C) approachable

7. This machine has a major drawback from the technological point of view.


A) rewarded C) reproached

B) ridiculous D) clumsy

10. The barometer is used by weather forecasters to detect changes in air pressure. A) announce C) reduce

B) bring about D) determine

11. She dedicated her life to helping the poor. A) prepared C) assigned

B) devoted D) adjusted


12. The U.N. Security Council unanimously adopted a resolution to impose economic sanctions against Iraq prior to the Gulf war. A) passed C) improved

17. George seized the opportunity to present his proposal to the director. A) realized C) grasped

B) rendered D) delivered

B) rejected D) modified 18. Dust accumulated on the engine, impairing its function.

A) realize C) maintain

A) gathered C) rose

B) grew D) existed


13. He hopes to fulfill his desire to become a doctor. B) perceive D) visualize

19. The monkeys were confined to a small cage.

A) derive from B) are caused by C) explain D) constitute

C

14. Differences in positions adopted by oxygen and hydrogen atoms account for variations in the crystalline structure of different forms of ice.

B) encouraged D) expected

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A) achieved C) denied

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15. Success was attained after numerous experiments.

A) deny C) allow

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16. Poverty may deprive poor children of the opportunity to participate in sports. B) provide D) offer

A) closed in B) released from C) taken to D) fed in

20. Travel agents will confirm your reservations for you free of charge. A) purchase C) verify

B) exchange D) obtain

21. In 1981, the world recession and conservation measures combined to curb demand for oil. A) restrict C) involve

B) spread D) affect

22. The space shuttle program entails the use of sophisticated technology. A) enhances C) creates

B) develops D) involves


23. I do wish that Mary would cease her complaining. A) admit C) deny

B) begin D) stop

24. Human babies inherit characteristics of both parents. B) show D) share


A) acquire C) reflect

25. The economic policy pursued by the government has been severely criticized by the opposition parties. B) suggested D) accepted

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D

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C

A) followed C) developed



1. Teaching provides the chief means of conveying knowledge from generation to generation. B) mastering D) preserving

2. The Mayan civilization flourished on the Yucatan peninsula of Mexico. A) profited C) gained

B) benefited D) prospered

C

3. Once started, a chain reaction sustains itself without further outside influence. A) endless C) measurable

A) made up C) substituted

B) covered up D) allowed

7. I will acquaint you with the facts. A) assault C) familiarize

B) support D) defend


A) reviewing C) passing on

6. The conductor compensated for his shortsightedness by developing a remarkable memory for musical scores.

B) interruptive D) additional

A) lessen B) put an end to C) cease D) curb

9. The judge asserted that the suspect had been in jail at the time of the murder. A) argued C) assumed

B) stated D) knew

D

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4. The United Kingdom comprises England, Scotland, Wales and Northern Ireland.

8. The industry should use the most practicable methods to abate pollution.

B) connects D) adjoins

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A) features C) consists of

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5. These are policies that they would like to see implemented in the new parliament. A) designed B) put into practice C) prohibited D) improved

10. This book is rather difficult, but that one is relatively easy. A) remarkably B) comparatively C) unusually D) mostly

11. We'd better hurry; otherwise, we'll be late. A) or else C) essentially

B) principally D) aside


12. The condition of the building deteriorated because the tenants did not take proper care of it. A) improved C) worsened

B) fluctuated D) altered

13. The doctor told her to refrain from alcohol. B) hold back D) emerge

14. This painting is attributed to Rembrandt. A) referred C) alluded

B) ascribed D) dedicated

C

15. At the age of 16, he had to assume responsibility for his sister's care. A) take upon C) take off

A) shifts C) emerges

B) grows D) diminishes

19. He abstained from eating for six days. A) kept on B) refrained from C) enjoyed D) indulged in


A) cut down C) abstain

18. My supply of confidence slowly dwindles as the deadline approaches.

B) take in D) take out

20. He resolved to act more wisely in the future. A) promised C) consented

B) hoped D) decided

21. George W. Bush succeeded Bill Clinton as the new president of the USA.

B) followed D) assisted

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A) overruled C) preceded

D

16. Cold air causes the arteries around the heart to constrict. B) stretch D) enlarge

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A) expand C) contract

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17. No one knows exactly how many pacific islands there are, but geographers estimate that there are up to 30,000. A) approximately C) predictably

B) appropriately D) precisely

22. His extreme nervousness impeded his ability to speak in front of large groups of people. A) hindered C) accelerated

B) halted D) fostered


23. The use of fertilizers and improved methods of controlling plant diseases has boosted farm production. A) exaggerated B) supplemented C) increased D) extended

A) expected C) craved


24. In the 19th century, it was almost a tradition for promising young artists not to receive the attention they deserved. B) merited D) demanded

25. Sometimes, while living in a foreign country, one craves a special dish from home.

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C

B) reminds D) visualizes

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A) desires C) cooks



1. History has shown that rulers do not relinquish power easily. B) control D) gain

2. The degree to which heat affects tennis players' performance depends in part on the level of humidity. A) extent C) temperature

B) height D) strength

C

3. In bright light, the pupils of your eyes contract. A) shrink C) expand

B) enlarge D) shine

B) behavior D) image

7. The size of one's vocabulary reflects one's education, reading and range of interests. A) lack C) pursuit

B) extent D) level

8. According to Freud, dreams can be interpreted as the fulfillment of wishes. A) performance C) completion

B) satisfaction D) conclusion

9. The man listened to reports of the approaching hurricane with mounting anxiety. A) depression C) gratification

B) uneasiness D) absorption.

B) assistance D) support

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4. The only incentive these enthusiastic teachers need is a little bit of praise and encouragement. A) stimulus C) improvement

A) voice C) height


A) abandon C) hold

6. Observers unacquainted with an individual can get clues about that person from his or her conduct.

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5. The converse of evaporation is condensation. A) reverse B) cause C) effect D) consequence

10. The doctor couldn't see much prospect of the patient's recovery. A) vision C) chance

B) expectation D) outlook


11. By coincidence, one of my classmates is the son of one of my father's classmates.

16. For farmers a drought is always a great calamity. A) catastrophe C) blessing

A) peculiarity B) acknowledgement C) chance D) luck

B) defect D) advantage

17. The government reached an accord regarding off shore fishing rights.

A) invention C) discovery

B) production D) arrival

13. John usually acts with discretion. But this time he was foolish. He should not have spoken to his boss that way. B) reluctance D) haste

C

A) boldness C) care

B) indecision D) apology

18. Experts see the extremely volatile situation in this region as a threat to world peace. A) an incentive C) a menace

B) a nuisance D) a promoter

19. He had impressed us with his versatility as a journalist. A) enthusiasm B) variety of skills C) version D) verse

B) Rudeness D) Action

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14. Prejudice against minorities probably stems from fear of the unknown. A) Anger C) Bias

A) disagreement C) agreement


12. This kind of work would have been inconceivable before the advent of microprocessors.

20. Because he had invited two girls to the dance, he found himself in a terrible dilemma. A) predicament C) argument

A) deficits B) inconsistencies C) delays D) uncertainties

21. The epoch of space travel has already begun.

B) romance D) discussion

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15. Cashiers must generally account for discrepancies between money taken in and the amount recorded on register tapes.

A) fear C) event

B) moment D) age


22. You have made serious allegations, but can you substantiate them? A) assumptions C) suppositions

B) statements D) accusations

23. Many lawsuits are resolved through settlement prior to court due to the effort and expense involved in trial. B) argument D) compromise


A) debate C) dismissal

24. He has a bias against foreigners. A) tendency C) prejudice

B) trend D) pledge

B) zealousness D) end

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A) beginning C) summit

C

25. Illness struck him at the zenith of his career.



6. Pablo Picasso was known as a remarkably gifted and versatile man. A) wise C) talented

1. John and Mary worked on their garden with such zeal this summer that they grew more tomatoes than they could eat. B) garden tools D) enthusiasm

2. His former employer recommended him highly as having been a very industrious worker. A) affluent C) idle

B) diligent D) extinct

C

3. The company possesses unique research capabilities. A) single C) different

7. The flight was postponed due to adverse weather conditions. A) unknown B) unexpected C) unfavorable D) unpredictable


A) fertilizers C) unwillingness

B) courageous D) loyal

B) only D) unequalled

A) common C) frequent

B) traditional D) routine

9. Influenza is an acute viral disease of the respiratory tract that is extremely contagious and often reaches epidemic proportions. A) scarce C) widespread

B) common D) infectious

D

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4. The jeweler reported that the diamonds were genuine.

8. Corn is the most prevalent crop in the Black sea region.

B) real D) valuable

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A) perfect C) imitations

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5. The lawyer received a substantial fee for defending the rich man's son. A) considerable C) unimportant

B) trivial D) reasonable

10. Since his wound was superficial, only a BandAid was required. A) frivolous B) on the surface C) deep D) supercilious


11. He has become quite adept at netting birds.

17. The decision affected virtually everybody in the group.

A) skillful in B) enthusiastic about C) fond of D) keen on

A) essentially C) truly

B) practically D) implicitly

18. They have stated unequivocally what they stand for.

A) heavily B) homogeneously C) sparsely D) thinly

B) clearly D) doubtfully

19. He worked quite zealously after he got his promotion.

13. A frugal buyer purchases fruit and vegetables in season.

A) unwillingly B) enthusiastically C) ambitiously D) reluctantly

B) anxious D) ignorant

C

A) thrifty C) extravagant

A) ambiguously C) astonishingly


12. Pakistan is one of the most densely populated countries in the world.

14. They have stated unequivocally what they stand for.

B) clearly D) doubtfully

A) puzzled C) shocked

B) frightened D) annoyed

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A) ambiguously C) astonishingly

20. When new math was introduced into schools, many parents were perplexed by the approach it involved.

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B) vigorously D) gracefully

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A) energetically C) clumsily

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15. George danced quite awkwardly with Mary.

21. He responded to her advances ardently. A) expertly C) entirely

B) zealously D) arduously

16. Coal is abundantly available in South Africa.

22. Before the collapse of the former Soviet Union, Mr. Gorbachev tried to preserve the union.

A) scarcely C) precisely

A) unify C) maintain

B) plentifully D) amazingly

B) prepare D) predispose


23. After working all day, Jim would come home and devour a huge dinner. A) eat up C) prepare

B) order D) need

24. Although he knew she had work to do, he tried to entice her to go to the beach. B) enervate D) thrice


A) trace C) tempt

25. When the human body is attacked by an invading organism, its immune system is organized to repel the attacker. B) repulse D) revive

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C

A) resist C) reject



6. The thieves escaped after stealing all of our paintings. A) burglars C) victims

1. He is alleged to be a member of a secret society. A) known B) acknowledged C) believed D) claimed

B) artisans D) cowards

7. An odometer is a device for measuring distance traveled. B) instrument D) hypothesis


A) figure C) engine

2. He was acquitted of all the charges made against him.

8. That's absolute nonsense. Nobody will believe it.

A) cleared C) accused

A) profound C) true

B) convicted D) convinced

B) complete D) unique

9. John is optimistic. Bill, on the other hand, is pessimistic.

A) prevented C) separated

A) in addition C) consequently

C

3. We live in an age in which people have been alienated from their roots.

B) rescued D) dismissed

B) regularly D) however

10. Life expectancy is the measure of the average life span of a particular group of people.

A) peculiarity B) acknowledgement C) luck D) chance

A) age C) condition

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D

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4. By coincidence, one of my classmates is the son of one of my father's classmates.

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11. The school bus driver admonished the noisy children.

5. He has great confidence in his ability to tackle such problems. A) trust in C) need for

B) range D) mortality

B) reliance on D) influence on

A) admitted C) rebuked

B) drove D) struck


12. The laws of nature determine that some animals will nurture their young from birth while others will leave their offspring to survive on their own.

17. The change in population was barely noticeable to anyone but professional demographers conducting the study.

A) shelter C) guide

A) often C) hardly

B) nourish D) gather

A) maintain C) reach

B) exceed D) favor

14. The drought caused escalation of prices and depletion of supplies.

C

A) maintenance B) exhaustion C) hoarding D) accumulation

15. When there are serious shortages of fuel, prices soar. B) fall D) slow

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A) tower C) rise

18. It is extremely hazardous to try to break up a fierce dog fight.


13. In general cats attain a weight of slightly over two kilograms.

B) never D) softly

A) noisy C) violent

B) cruel D) ravenous

19. Whether the death penalty should be abolished is a controversial issue. While some people insist that it should be maintained as a deterrent to crime, others are in favor of its abolition. A) ancient C) unanimous

B) disputable D) unique

20. He cried out in pain when they tried to move him from the scene of the accident. A) ailment C) anguish

B) crutch D) despair

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A) very pleased B) greatly confused C) disappointed D) insulted

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16. George was baffled by Harriet's reaction.

21. The age of a tree can be determined accurately by counting the number of tree rings it has developed. A) decided C) predicted

B) measured D) resolved


22. As an architect, I believe that a building should be designed to fit its function and location. A) enhance B) decorate C) conform to D) alternate with

A) decided C) increased


23. The size of our staff was reduced as a consequence of the change in the budget. B) decreased D) measured

24. Writing is a skill that requires consistent practice.

B) customary D) regular

C

A) invariable C) orderly

25. The meeting was adjourned for a week.

B) put up D) put up with

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A) put off C) put out



1. The defendant seemed to be devoid of feelings as the sentence was read by the judge. B) without D) wrestling by

2. I'd like to look over this report. A) write C) examine

B) correct D) prepare

C

3. Scientists are expected to carry out thoroughgoing studies to back up claims made concerning new drugs. A) support C) investigate

B) eliminate D) challenge

B) articulate D) doubtful

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4. He is dubious about the success of the plan. A) confident C) indifferent

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5. The students listened to the dean's speech with growing skepticism. A) anger C) doubt

A) been completed B) been reported C) occurred D) begun

7. The camel is adapted to desert life and can go without water for long periods.


A) overcome by C) devastated by

6. No one could recall when that event had taken place.

B) confidence D) enthusiasm

A) unsuited B) confined C) adjusted D) unaccustomed

8. He has given up the idea of opening another factory in Istanbul. A) rejected C) abandoned

B) approved D) originated

9. He was accused of robbery and murder. A) executed for B) declared innocent of C) charged with D) asked about

10. Higher energy costs seem certain to have an adverse effect on the economy. A) a favorable B) a controversial C) a permanent D) a bad


11. Tennis wear has become a very lucrative business for both manufacturers and tennis players.

17. Newton performed experiments to confirm what Galileo had proposed about motion.

A) circumstantial C) profitable

A) verify C) disprove

B) expansive D) extensive

12. Twentyfive percent of Ecuador's population speak Queche exclusively. B) still D) amazingly

13. He participated in several research projects.

C

A) assisted in B) succeeded in C) invested in D) took part in

18. Fish have lived on the earth longer than any other backboned animal and show great diversity in their way of life.


A) mainly C) only

B) improve D) expand

A) variation C) adaptation

B) evolution D) satisfaction

19. Baldness, the abnormal or premature loss of hair, is an inherited trait transmitted by a sexinfluenced gene. A) quality B) characteristic C) disease D) mark

14. Turkey is a predominantly Muslim country. B) mainly D) entirely

D

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A) amazingly C) wholly

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B) ancient D) reliable 21. The most recent evidence indicates that dinosaurs were warm blooded animals.

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A) modern C) common

16. Strawberries grow best in a cool, moist climate. A) dry C) damp

A) charged with B) interfered with C) coped with D) dealt with

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15. History is best learned from contemporary sources.

20. An innocent man was accused of the crime.

B) chilly D) tropical

A) admits C) suggests

B) insists D) concludes


22. His conscience compelled him to admit his part in the affair. A) induced C) led

B) forced D) enabled

23. The man neglected to file his income tax and therefore had to pay a fine. B) failed D) refused


A) hoped C) promised

24. All living things have attributes that are passed on from one generation to the next. B) viruses D) laws

C

A) cells C) traits

25. The qualifications for this kind of job are indisputable.

B) satisfactory D) remarkable

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D

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A) invalid C) unquestionable



6. He will abide by his promise if he gives it. A) stick to C) allow for

1. While endeavoring to find a new route to India, Columbus discovered America by accident. B) expecting D) sailing

2. Gardening is the cultivation of plants, usually in or near the home, as a hobby. A) germination C) classification

7. The economic reform program will have farreaching effects on our development efforts. A) damaging C) extensive

B) remaining D) devastating


A) failing C) trying

B) renew D) go back on

B) growing D) sowing

8. Government health campaigns have fostered an awareness of the dangers in certain social habits. A) perfected C) discouraged

B) encouraged D) initiated

C

3. The conversation between the two women was intelligible. A) disagreeable C) understandable

B) rapid D) clever

9. Authentic stained glass is colored during the glassmaking process. A) priceless C) genuine

B) antique D) unpainted

B) arose D) increased

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D

A) grew C) vanished

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4. Their aggressiveness stemmed from fear.

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5. The government proposed several tax reform measures which the parliament subsequently turned down. A) reduced C) rejected

B) revised D) reviewed

10. Organic material consists of plant and animal matter in various states of decay. A) disuse C) life

B) deterioration D) development

11. Computing remains a growth area and one in which, notwithstanding economic recessions, the outlook looks bright. A) despite C) considering

B) because of D) in addition to


12. Before we move, we should have a garage sale to discard some of this furniture. A) repair C) carry

B) get rid of D) polish

18. Poor nutrition in the early stages of infancy can hold back adult growth. A) reject C) resist

B) retard D) restore

13. His physical condition was no impediment to his career as a violinist.

19. Our neighbors' constant wrangles with each other shattered our tranquility.

A) help C) impossibility

A) wrecks C) quarrels

B) wraths D) falls


B) hindrance D) detriment

14. The professor elicited a loud groan from his students with his difficult assignment.

20. He had reached the zenith of his career when he became president of the university.

A) eluded C) drew out

A) ambition B) happiest moment C) summit D) zeal

C

B) heard D) articulated

15. The hair covering a tarantula adds to its menacing appearance. A) appealing C) threatening

B) masculine D) redeeming

21. Man is prone to error, even though he'd like to think he's infallible. B) averse D) indifferent

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A) apathetic C) disposed

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D

16. I can run a few miles, but a marathon is definitely beyond my scope.

B) aim D) intention

A) twist C) list

B) gist D) part

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A) view C) range

22. I only have time to tell you the main idea of it, not the details.

17. Numbers are drawn by chance in the state lottery. A) randomly C) reliably

B) recklessly D) routinely

23. Has Mary given you any clue of what she would like for her birthday? A) hinge C) hoax

B) hoe D) hint


24. She was confused by the new customs when she first arrived, but now she feels more comfortable. A) amused C) blamed

B) bewildered D) intimidated

B) arduous D) ambiguous

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C

A) treacherous C) envious


25. Working overtime every night is much too strenuous for a sixtyyearold man.



6. You need an atmosphere conducive to study if you want to succeed in college. A) customary C) conforming

B) promotive D) ornamental

1. A shorter haircut would make her appearance better. B) induce D) intrude

2. The unlawful possession of drugs is a serious crime. A) implicit C) tacit

B) explicit D) illicit

C

3. Bill taught his dog to recover sticks when he threw them. A) retrieve C) recite

B) repel D) discard

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D

B) rejuvenated D) endangered

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5. A series of ingenious inventions in Britain provided the impetus for the Industrial Revolution. A) clever C) mechanical

A) modify C) horrify

B) notify D) solidify

8. He devised a folding toothbrush for travelers. A) sold C) invented

B) bought D) described

9. He reads periodicals that are pertinent to his profession. A) appropriate B) apparent C) perceptive D) discriminating

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4. The politician's conviction for tax fraud jeopardized his future in public life. A) penalized C) enhanced

7. If you continue to be absent from classes, we will have to inform your sponsor.


A) entice C) enhance

B) minor D) intricate

10. Sodium plays a part in tissue formation and in muscle contraction. A) compression C) rigidity

B) maturation D) constriction

11. Education, principally for boys flourished almost from the outset. A) foremost C) start

B) mainstream D) extreme


12. Athletes learn to conceal their disappointment when they lose.

17. As instructed, the pilot precisely followed the control tower's directions.

A) ignore D) disguise

A) exactly C) purposefully

B) regret D) accept

13. Although monkeys occasionally menace their enemies, they are not dangerous unless they are provoked. B) consume D) kill

14. Flu shots are given every fall as a precaution against an epidemic the following winter.

C

A) required treatment B) preventive measure C) free service D) new cure

15. In a search to further his knowledge of the unknown, man has explored the earth, the sea, and now outer space.

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B) a quest D) a challenge

D

A) an effort C) a fantasy

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16. A laser beam is used to penetrate even the hardest substances. A) light up B) repair C) identify D) pass through

18. A cut in the budget put 10 percent of the state employees' jobs in jeopardy. A) range C) danger

B) review D) perspective


A) pursue C) threaten

B) only D) always

19. A chance sample can often provide information about a larger population. A) genuine C) modified

B) prudent D) random

20. My grandparents always talk about their ailments whenever I go to visit them. A) pleasures C) achievements

B) illnesses D) hobbies

21. The proposal is gaining more and more adherents. A) opponents C) admirers

B) practitioners D) supporters

22. He reads periodicals that are pertinent to his profession. A) appropriate B) apparent C) perceptive D) discriminating


23. Some people believe that a woman's primary commitment is to her family. A) contribution C) benefit

B) responsibility D) drawback

24. The number of insect species is greater than that of all other animal species. B) equals D) predicts


A) exceeds C) augments

25. A chance sample can often provide information about a large population. B) genuine D) modified

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C

A) prudent C) random



5. Many of the questions raised pertaining to cultural issues are new. A) matter C) trouble

1. Microprocessors, unlike computers, are programmed to complete defined tasks. B) different D) similar

6. To help meet this need, we have compiled an annotated bibliography of models for evaluating open learning approaches and associated technologies.


A) specific C) several

B) insurance D) publication

2. Since research studies have shown a relationship between cancer and cigarette smoking, many people have cut down.

A) associating C) advanced

B) related D) new

A) ceased smoking B) become frightened C) decreased the number of cigarettes D) got sick

7. He had an edge on the competition.

C

A) border B) a slight advantage C) a slight margin D) success

3. In order to be issued a passport, one must either present legal documents or call a witness to give evidence concerning one's identity.

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B) falsify D) evaluate

D

A) investigate C) testify

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A) activity C) bother

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4. Americans have been criticized for placing too much emphasis on being on time.

B) importance D) assistance

8. The applicants of the Proposal Competition are invited to provide the Frontier Science Research City Project with visions for creating a 21st century style city. A) performance B) plan C) business D) communication

9. The dollar fell against the Euro for the fourth day in five and dropped against the yen on concern a recovery in the US economy is faltering. A) evidence C) worry

B) interest D) relief


10. I wonder if that factor is going to impact on XYZ Corp. A) element C) event

B) person D) action

A) a device C) a system

B) a test D) a way

12. It is almost impossible to get it done today.

C

A) implicit B) trivial C) insignificant D) totally unlikely

13. The closest the world has come to nuclear war was the Cuban Missile Crisis of October 1962.

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A) mission B) atomic bomb C) election D) a rocketpropelled vehicle

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14. The Complete and Utter Idiot's Guide to Ordering Pizza. A) new C) practical

A) alternate C) rent

B) set up D) inspect

16. The students will perform activities to learn how estimation and measurement would be important in the construction industry.


11. Specifically, we are disappointed with the new emphasis on socalled high stakes testing as an instrument to assess and rank schools.

15. Would you prefer to rotate meeting locations or have a consistent meeting place?

B) absolute D) short

A) surveying C) development

B) dimension D) budget

17. He has a unique talent to inspire and compel each person to recognize his or her own personal uniqueness and value. A) force C) command

B) cheer D) lead

18. Survey show that the silence majority agree with me and not you. A) minority C) senior

B) major D) bulk

19. The lowering of the threat level is not a signal to government, law enforcement or citizens that the danger of a terrorist attack is passed. A) throat C) territory

B) thread D) terror


20. That person can help you decide whether you do need to lose weight and, if so, the best way to achieve and maintain a weight that is healthy for you. A) reduce C) alter

B) increase D) hold

A) strip C) mission


21. This is a short report on our trip to Colorado. B) journey D) research

22. The estimates above could therefore represent an underestimate of the total consumer detriment in the economy. B) confidence D) behavior

C

A) population C) damage

23. Ooops, I meant to say you shouldn't deny love. B) addict to D) confuse

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A) refuse C) hurt

B) test D) investigate

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A) show evidence of C) demonstrate

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24. Nobody asked me to prove it.

25. Scripture does not forbid anything which God has given us for our use. A) support C) describe

B) encourage D) prevent



1. It wasn't long before she was off the hill. A) hip B) natural elevation C) mountain D) pond

A) translation C) switch

B) fortify D) change

C

3. In this sample chapter, you'll learn how to compose a message and send it. B) compile D) conduct

8. So, your focus is not inward on your own processes, but outward, on supply chain processes.

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D

B) picture D) guide

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5. The risk of loss or damage is transferred to the buyer. A) replaced C) shifted

B) dependent D) inbound

9. Ours is a field increasingly driven by both rapidly evolving solutions to existing problems and by new interpretations of the nature of the problems we face. A) method C) lotion

B) mixture D) problem

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4. Students seem to complain about the lack of a dating scene. A) scenario C) shot

B) metal D) corn


A) penny C) pipe

A) based C) inside

A) write C) complain

B) shaft D) example

7. The holes should be a little larger than the coin or washer.

2. We're seeking to strengthen intellectual property protection. A) increase C) improve

6. Great Lakes signal great shift in seasonal changes.

B) minimized D) diminished

10. How did she keep it secret for nine years? A) secretary C) hidden

B) mystery D) information


11. The new program will integrate social and employment services with treatment for drug addicted persons and their families. A) assistance C) care

B) treat D) discussion

A) copy C) freedom

A) credibility C) view

B) idea D) origination

17. Since his election to the Legislature in 1994, Sen. Kermit Brashear of Omaha has made a name for himself as a man who carefully considers what he believes in and then forcefully argues his point.


12. Customers qualify for a Standard license if no Small Business Server software is currently licensed.

16. There are many things on the Net that are put there by one person or group that has a certain opinion.

B) permission D) software

A) body of lawmakers C) congress

13. Each Christmas, our family enjoys decorating the tree with our homemade ornaments.

C

A) made by yourself B) trendy C) sophisticated D) made by hand

D

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14. Wall Street bankers met behind closed doors (under the auspices of the New York Federal Reserve Bank) to put the finishing touches on the renegotiation of Korea's shortterm debt. B) protection D) guidance

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A) roof C) power

15. We also provide vacation & leisure travel for the employees of these top companies as well. A) relaxation C) fancy

B) freedom D) discount

B) lecturer D) army

18. No wonder, many companies are finding difficult to sustain the growth.

A) expand C) maintain

B) subdue D) reverse

19. They're supposed to be preparing us for the meeting. A) scheduled C) forced

B) believed D) replaced

20. Particular attention is paid to the repertoire and quality of performance presented on the audition. A) originality C) uniqueness

B) a collection of works D) depth


21. Retail petrol price decreased in April. A) gas C) computer

B) oil D) grain

A) claim B) recognize C) announce D) declare formally


22. Governor Bush and first lady proclaim September 23 Family Day in Florida.

23. The warden told him that I was his roommate before he died.

C

A) official in charge of army B) official in charge of a company C) official in charge of a prison D) official in charge of a county

B) dramatic D) drastic

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A) significant C) tangible

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24. These structural changes have also led to a palpable change in attitude towards foreign investment.

A) strip C) area

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25. Plan to photograph stars along a swath running perpendicular to the Milky Way. B) vertical line D) star



1. The average person loses as many as one hundred hairs per day from the head.

A) scrutinized C) appraised E) mocked

B) praised D) criticized

6. Because we had anticipated our parents' permission, we were all ready to go.


A) much more than B) more than C) at least D) up to E) on the whole

5. He has been widely acclaimed for his paintings.

A) deserved C) expected E) denied

B) needed D) demanded

2. A coat of paint will develop small cracks as it shrinks over time.

B) peels D) hardens

C

A) fades C) contracts E) softens

3. After many attempts he eventually managed to get promotion.

B) obviously D) finally

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A) likely C) probably E) fortunately

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A) speed up C) reduce E) launch

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D

4. The inflation rate began to accelerate as a result of excessive government spending. B) alleviate D) curb

7. The tendency of the human body to reject foreign matter is the main obstacle to successful tissue transplantation. A) occurrence in B) phenomenon of C) impediment to D) factor in E) attempt to

8. This question does not pertain to the heart of my interests: understanding the nature of human behavior and relationship of mind to the body. A) conform C) pursue E) adhere

B) lead D) relate

9. Birds exhibit unusual adaptations to their environment. A) require C) develop E) leave

B) attempt D) display


10. The punishment should reflect the severity of the crime. A) perpetrator C) purpose E) seriousness

B) location D) victim

15. It was a decisive victory for medicine when the disease of smallpox was finally eradicated. A) treated by radiation B) watered down C) played down D) removed E) gotten rid of

11. He is a leading advocate of free enterprise. B) opponent D) reformer

16. In your remarks you allude to certain sinister developments.


A) observer C) supporter E) lawyer

A) object C) attribute E) refer

B) ascribe D) prefer

12. All attempts to evict him from the house failed. B) call D) expiate

C

A) evade C) expel E) dispel

17. No one knew the reason for the enmity between the two families. A) relationship C) closeness E) toughness

B) hatred D) friendship

13. Why did Alfred falter when Beatrice asked him to go with her? B) refuse D) evade

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A) agree C) faint E) hesitate

A) advice C) help E) vote

B) treatment D) charity

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14. The candidate declined to comment on the proposed tax increase.

18. The government provides aid to farmers by subsidizing prices they receive for their crops.

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A) changed his mind with regard to C) said less than usual concerning B) refused to speak about D) mentioned in passing E) heavily came down on

19. We hope there will be sufficient food tonight. A) varied C) perfect E) adequate

B) delicious D) tasty


20. The hostile manner of the woman caused the committee to reconsider the issue. A) stubborn C) charming E) pointless

B) angry D) elegant

A) cost C) disadvantage E) plus

B) aid D) capacity

22. The young couple chose a secluded place for their picnic. B) authentic D) grassy

C

A) isolated C) sunny E) noisy

23. Home buyers are proceeding cautiously because of the high interest rates.

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B) warily D) occasionally

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A) hastily C) deliberately E) indifferently

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24. The Irish setter is wellknown for its keen sense of smell. A) pungent C) sensitive E) attractive

A) natural C) unnatural E) fatty

B) blended D) fattening


21. The old age of the equipment is a definite liability to the factory.

25. Many advertisements boast that their products do not contain any additives. They have no artificial ingredients. The advertisements stress this because the public has come to value products made from only natural ingredients.

B) dull D) sharp



1. The candidate achieved victory in the election after a hard campaign. B) advocated D) attained

A) sophisticated C) complex E) possible

2. Nitrogen is indispensable to plant and animal life.

6. A human body requires more nutrients in cold weather because more energy is necessary to maintain body temperature. A) surpass C) prolong E) energize

A) detrimental to B) necessary for C) superior to D) harmful to E) indifferent to

C

3. He gave us explicit instructions regarding the arrangements to be made.

B) ambiguous D) irregular

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A) vague C) clear E) decisive

B) equip D) preserve

7. Sandra came across an important letter yesterday while going through her drawers. A) mentioned C) read E) posted

B) discovered D) tore up

8. Mithat Pasha will long be remembered for his role in founding the Agricultural Bank. A) promoting C) assisting E) establishing

B) embezzling D) financing

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D

4. The administration took for granted that we would agree. A) assumed B) were convinced C) hoped D) guaranteed E) received

B) different D) relevant


A) suffered C) diminished E) expected

5. Even more powerful computers are needed to process all the pertinent information required for accurate weather forecasting.

9. Electronic firms continue to seek ways of cramming more bits of information onto tiny silicon chips. A) find C) look for E) dig

B) reveal D) discover


10. The magician's tricks amazed the audience.

15. The news of the President's death astonished the world.

A) astonished B) discriminated C) alleviated D) involved E) disappointed

A) alerted C) admonished E) appeared

B) disappointed D) astounded

16. The intricate directions were difficult to understand.

A) think about B) compensate for C) worry about D) bargain with E) deal with

A) be saved C) be available E) be granted

B) be charged D) be enough

C

B) lie D) develop

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14. He worked diligently for months. In the end, he achieved his goal. A) determined C) examined E) attained

18. An affluent society such as the United States must do what it can to prevent hunger and misery. A) divided C) determined E) healthy

B) willing D) wealthy

B) reveal D) precede

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13. If the teams were not so evenly matched, it would be easier to foretell the outcome. A) prepare C) predict E) bet on

B) routine D) unusual

17. $1000 will suffice to buy a good home computer.

12. The Rocky Mountains stretch all the way from Mexico to the Arctic. A) unite C) spread E) extend

A) vague C) complicated E) indispensable


11. Mary found it difficult to cope with the loss of her job.

B) assessed D) aimed

19. Double agents live in a perpetual state of fear. A) perfect C) constant E) tense

B) perpetrated D) ceasing


20. We made plans for a visit, but subsequent difficulties with the car prevented it. A) later C) present E) preceding

B) previous D) anticipate

25. The author detested injustice. A) recognized C) abhorred E) experienced

B) confronted D) suffered

A) consecutive C) initial E) strong


21. The successive earthquakes did more damage than the original shock. B) preliminary D) prior

22. Doctors aren't infallible. They might make mistakes, too. B) faultless D) inconsistent

C

A) inflexible C) incompetent E) competent

23. The King made a negligible effort to extend the freedom of his people. B) ignorant D) erroneous

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A) minimal C) accidental E) sharp

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A) customary C) conforming E) quiet

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24. You need an atmosphere conducive to study if you want to succeed in college. B) primitive D) ornamental



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C

ANSWER KEYS


Collocation Test – 1

2. A

3. E

4. C

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. E

9. A

10. E

11. A

12. B

13. A

14. A

15. E

16. E

17. C

18. C

19. B

20. D

21. D

22. B

23. A

24. C

25. B


1. E


2. A

3. E

4. B

5. E

6. E

7. D

8. D

9. D

10. A

11. C

12. E

13. A

14. C

15. C

17. C

18. D

19. A

20. D

21. D

22. A

23. D

24. A

25. D


2. A

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. A

7. A

8. E

9. A

10. E

13. E

14. A

15. B

17. D

18. B

19. A

20. A

22. E

23. E

24. A

25. C

16. D 21. D

12. D

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11. C

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1. D

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D

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16. C

C

1. D



2. B

3. C

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. A

8. A

9. C

10. A

11. D

12. A

13. A

14. C

15. B

16. B

17. D

18. A

19. E

20. C

21. D

22. B

23. C

24. D

25. B


1. C


2. B

3. C

4. E

5. A

6. D

7. A

8. A

9. E

10. A

11. B

12. C

13. A

14. D

15. A

17. C

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. A

22. B

23. B

24. C

25. A


2. E

3. A

4. B

5. E

6. D

7. A

8. B

9. B

10. D

11. E

13. A

14. A

15. C

17. E

18. A

19. D

20. C

22. D

23. C

24. D

25. A

21. A

12. D

w

16. A

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1. E

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D

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16. B

C

1. B



2. D

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. D

8. D

9. D

10. E

11. D

12. B

13. D

14. B

15. A

16. B

17. E

18. D

19. E

20. D

21. E

22. B

23. B

24. C

25. E

26. B

27. B

28. C

29. E

30. B


1. C

3. D

4. B

5. E

C


1. A

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. B

12. C

13. B

14. A

15. A

16. D

17. E

18. C

19. A

20. E

21. A

22. D

23. C

24. B

25. D

26. E

27. A

28. B

29. E

30. B

6. A

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D

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11. A

2. C

2. A

3. E

4. C

5. A

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. C

11. E

12. E

13. D

14. E

15. C

16. A

17. C

18. B

19. E

20. A

21. B

22. C

23. C

24. E

25. B

1. A 6. D

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26. C

27. B

28. C

29. E

30. A


2. B

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. C

9. B

10. A

11. E

12. A

13. C

14. C

15. A

16. B

17. B

18. D

19. A

20. D

21. E

22. E

23. C

24. D

25. E

26. C

27. B

28. E

29. E

30. A


1. D


2. A

3. E

4. E

5. D

7. B

8. A

9. C

10. C

11. B

12. A

13. D

14. A

15. D

16. A

17. B

18. D

19. E

20. B

21. A

22. E

23. E

24. C

25. D

26. A

27. B

28. E

29. B

30. C

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D

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6. E

C

1. E

1. A

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2. A

3. B

4. E

5. D

7. E

8. B

9. C

10. D

11. B

12. A

13. A

14. E

15. B

16. D

17. A

18. C

19. E

20. C

21. B

22. A

23. D

24. E

25. B

6. A


26. E

27. B

28. D

29. E

30. D


2. B

3. C

4. B

5. E

6. A

7. B

8. C

9. E

10. E

11. D

12. A

13. C

14. B

15. E

16. A

17. E

18. B

19. A

20. C

21. E

22. D

23. C

24. B

25. B

26. A

27. E

28. A

29. D

30. E


1. C


2. A

3. A

4. D

5. A

7. B

8. D

9. C

10. C

11. C

12. C

13. A

14. C

15. A

16. C

17. E

18. E

19. C

20. A

21. D

22. B

23. E

24. D

25. B

26. D

27. C

28. C

29. E

30. C

w

D

r.

6. C

C

1. A

1. D

w

w


2. A

3. D

4. A

5. C

7. B

8. A

9. A

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. E

14. D

15. D

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. C

20. E

21. B

22. D

23. C

24. B

25. B

6. E


26. E

27. B

28. D

29. C

30. A


2. E

3. C

4. D

5. A

6. E

7. E

8. A

9. B

10. D

11. A

12. C

13. A

14. A

15. B

16. B

17. C

18. B

19. B

20. E

21. A

22. D

23. A

24. A

25. E

26. B

27. E

28. E

29. E

30. D

w

w

w

D

r.

C


1. D


PHRASAL VERB QUIZ FOR KPDS & ÜDS – 1

1. B

2. C

3. E

4. E

5. A

6. D

7. E

8. B

9. B

10. D

1. A

2. E



3. A

4. B

5. C

6. E

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. B

9. D

10. C

9. B

10. D

9. C

10. E

9. D

10. B


2. A

3. D

4. A

5. E

6. B

7. C

8. E

C

1. E


2. E

3. E

4. D

5. C

6. E

7. E

8. D

D

r.

1. B

2. B

3. E

4. E

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. E

w

1. E

w

w



1. C

2. A

3. D

4. E

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. E



1. E

2. B

3. C

4. C

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. A

9. E

10. C

1. A

2. C



3. B

4. D

5. C

6. A

7. B

8. E

9. D

10. D

9. C

10. A

9. C

10. C

9. E

10. B

9. B

10. A


2. E

3. C

4. D

5. C

6. B

7. C

8. C

C

1. A


2. D

3. C

4. D

5. D

6. B

7. E

8. D

D

r.

1. A

2. B

3.

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. C

w

1. A

w

w



1. C

2. A

3. A

4. A

5. D

6. A

7. B

8. C



1. D

2. C

3. B

4. C

5. E

6. B

7. D

8. C

9. A

10. B

1. B

2. C



3. C

4. E

5. A

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. C

10. D

9. B

10. A

9. C

10. C

9. A

10. D

9. A

10. D


2. A

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. D

7. A

8. B

C

1. B


2. B

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. E

7. B

8. C

3. D

w

2. C

4. B

5. D

6. A

7. C

8. D

w

1. B


w

D

r.

1. B


1. E

2. B

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. A

7. C

8. C



1. A

2. E

3. D

4. E

5. C

6. B

7. E

8. E

9. A

10. E

3. D

4. D

w

w

D

r.

C

2. B

w

1. D



5. B

6. E

7. D

8. B

9. D

10. C



2. E

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. B

8. A

9. E

10. D

11. A

12. E

13. C

14. E

15. B

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. E

20. D

21. A

22. C

23. D

24. D

25. B


1. C


2. C

3. A

4. D

5. E

6. B

7. C

8. C

9. D

10. E

11. D

12. A

13. C

14. D

15. B

16. A

17. E

18. B

19. A

20. C

21. E

22. A

23. B

24. D

25. A

C

1. C


11. E

12. B

21. E

22. B

3. C

r.

2. E

13. A

D

1. C

5. C

6. E

7. B

8. A

9. C

10. D

14. D

15. B

16. A

17. A

18. C

19. B

20. D

24. E

25. E

w

w

w

23. C

4. B


1. B

2. A

3. D

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. E

10. A

11. D

12. B

13. C

14. E

15. B

16. A

17. B

18. C

19. D

20. E

21. A

22. B

23. E

24. D

25. A



2. D

3. C

4. D

5. B

6. A

7. E

8. C

9. E

10. C

11. D

12. B

13. D

14. B

15. A

16. E

17. C

18. E

19. D

20. E

21. B

22. A

23. C

24. E

25. D


1. C


2. C

3. E

4. C

5. A

6. C

7. A

8. E

9. E

10. E

11. C

12. B

13. C

14. B

15. C

16. A

17. E

18. D

19. C

20. B

21. C

22. B

23. A

24. B

25. B

C

1. B


11. B

12. D

21. E

22. D

3. B

r.

2. A

13. E

D

1. C

5. D

6. B

7. C

8. E

9. C

10. A

14. C

15. B

16. D

17. B

18. D

19. C

20. A

24. C

25. B

w

w

w

23. E

4. E


1. A

2. C

3. A

4. E

5. E

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. E

10. B

11. A

12. D

13. C

14. E

15. D

16. B

17. A

18. D

19. C

20. A

21. C

22. E

23. B

24. B

25. C



2. A

3. E

4. D

5. A

6. B

7. D

8. C

9. B

10. A

11. D

12. B

13. E

14. C

15. C

16. B

17. E

18. B

19. A

20. D

21. C

22. A

23. E

24. C

25. B


1. E


2. A

3. E

4. D

5. C

6. E

7. B

8. A

9. C

10. B

11. D

12. E

13. B

14. A

15. D

16. A

17. C

18. B

19. E

20. D

21. C

22. D

23. C

24. B

25. A

C

1. B


11. D

12. B

21. B

22. A

3. E

r.

2. B

13. E

D

1. D

5. C

6. E

7. B

8. A

9. C

10. B

14. A

15. A

16. C

17. B

18. D

19. D

20. E

24. E

25. B

w

w

w

23. C

4. C


1. C

2. D

3. A

4. E

5. C

6. B

7. D

8. A

9. A

10. E

11. C

12. B

13. C

14. D

15. E

16. A

17. C

18. E

19. D

20. B

21. E

22. C

23. B

24. C

25. A



2. B

3. E

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. E

8. B

9. A

10. D

11. C

12. A

13. C

14. B

15. A

16. E

17. D

18. A

19. D

20. C

21. D

22. A

23. C

24. C

25. E


1. D


2. E

3. B

4. C

5. E

6. A

7. D

8. E

9. A

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. B

14. A

15. E

16. E

17. B

18. C

19. C

20. D

21. B

22. A

23. C

24. E

25. A

C

1. C


11. C

12. B

21. D

22. B

3. A

r.

2. D

13. D

D

1. C

5. E

6. B

7. A

8. E

9. A

10. E

14. D

15. A

16. B

17. A

18. E

19. D

20. B

24. C

25. D

w

w

w

23. A

4. C


1. E

2. E

3. B

4. B

5. E

6. B

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. C

11. D

12. A

13. B

14. E

15. B

16. A

17. C

18. A

19. E

20. D

21. B

22. D

23. C

24. B

25. E



2. A

3. C

4. D

5. D

6. C

7. B

8. E

9. D

10. A

11. D

12. C

13. B

14. E

15. E

16. A

17. A

18. C

19. B

20. D

21. C

22. E

23. A

24. C

25. D


1. D


2. B

3. C

4. A

5. D

6. B

7. E

8. A

9. C

10. D

11. A

12. B

13. A

14. C

15. D

16. E

17. D

18. B

19. A

20. C

21. D

22. B

23. A

24. E

25. D

C

1. A


11. B

12. C

21. A

22. E

3. D

r.

2. E

13. B

D

1. A

5. C

6. B

7. E

8. A

9. C

10. D

14. A

15. E

16. D

17. A

18. C

19. D

20. C

24. C

25. E

w

w

w

23. C

4. B


1. B

2. A

3. E

4. A

5. D

6. E

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. E

11. D

12. C

13. E

14. B

15. D

16. A

17. E

18. A

19. C

20. D

21. B

22. A

23. E

24. C

25. A



2. D

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. E

8. D

9. B

10. A

11. C

12. D

13. C

14. C

15. A

16. B

17. D

18. E

19. A

20. D

21. E

22. D

23. B

24. C

25. A


1. B


2. E

3. A

4. B

5. D

6. B

7. D

8. E

9. A

10. E

11. E

12. A

13. D

14. B

15. C

16. B

17. E

18. D

19. C

20. B

21. E

22. D

23. A

24. A

25. E

C

1. C


11. B

12. D

21. A

22. B

3. B

r.

2. C

13. A

D

1. D

5. B

6. D

7. A

8. C

9. D

10. C

14. E

15. C

16. E

17. D

18. A

19. B

20. C

24. A

25. C

w

w

w

23. D

4. D


1. E

2. D

3. B

4. E

5. C

6. D

7. A

8. C

9. B

10. E

11. C

12. E

13. D

14. E

15. B

16. C

17. D

18. A

19. C

20. E

21. C

22. E

23. D

24. B

25. A



2. C

3. A

4. E

5. C

6. C

7. E

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. D

12. A

13. D

14. C

15. E

16. B

17. D

18. A

19. E

20. C

21. B

22. D

23. D

24. A

25. B


1. D


2. A

3. A

4. C

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. B

9. B

10. B

11. B

12. A

13. C

14. B

15. C

16. A

17. B

18. C

19. B

20. B

21. A

22. A

23. C

24. C

25. E

C

1. B


12. E

21. A

22. C

3. C

r.

2. C

11. A

13. A

D

1. D

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. D

9. A

10. D

15. B

16. E

17. E

18. A

19. C

20. B

24. C

25. D

w

w

w

23. A

4. E

14. B


1. E

2. D

3. A

4. B

5. A

6. A

7. E

8. D

9. D

10. C

11. A

12. D

13. B

14. C

15. E

16. E

17. B

18. B

19. E

20. D

21. C

22. B

23. E

24. B

25. E



2. D

3. A

4. D

5. D

6. E

7. A

8. E

9. A

10. A

11. A

12. D

13. B

14. A

15. E

16. A

17. A

18. C

19. C

20. E

21. C

22. B

23. E

24. B

25. A


1. A


2. E

3. C

4. C

5. A

6. D

7. D

8. E

9. A

10. A

11. E

12. C

13. A

14. E

15. C

16. E

17. C

18. E

19. A

20. D

21. A

22. A

23. C

24. D

25. E

C

1. E


11. A

12. C

21. D

22. B

3. A

r.

2. E

13. E

D

1. C

5. E

6. C

7. A

8. B

9. E

10. B

14. C

15. C

16. A

17. E

18. D

19. B

20. B

24. A

25. A


w

w

w

23. A

4. C

1. A

2. E

3. C

4. C

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. C

10. A

11. B

12. E

13. D

14. E

15. B

16. A

17. E

18. C

19. B

20. C

21. A

22. C

23. E

24. A

25. D



2. C

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. D

7. E

8. E

9. D

10. D

11. A

12. E

13. B

14. B

15. D

16. D

17. C

18. B

19. C

20. D

21. A

22. E

23. A

24. D

25. C


1. D


2. A

3. C

4. A

5. D

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. E

10. D

11. E

12. B

13. C

14. B

15. E

16. B

17. E

18. C

19. D

20. E

21. E

22. A

23. B

24. B

25. A

C

1. C


11. A

12. B

21. B

22. D

3. B

r.

2. D

13. D

D

1. A

5. B

6. D

7. C

8. A

9. D

10. E

14. E

15. B

16. B

17. E

18. B

19. A

20. A

24. A

25. C


w

w

w

23. E

4. E

1. B

2. D

3. E

4. C

5. E

6. A

7. A

8. E

9. D

10. D

11. B

12. C

13. C

14. C

15. A

16. E

17. A

18. D

19. D

20. E

21. B

22. C

23. E

24. D

25. E



2. B

3. D

4. E

5. D

6. A

7. B

8. E

9. C

10. D

11. A

12. E

13. E

14. C

15. A

16. A

17. C

18. C

19. A

20. D

21. E

22. A

23. A

24. A

25. D


1. D


2. B

3. D

4. B

5. E

6. B

7. A

8. B

9. D

10. E

11. B

12. E

13. C

14. D

15. C

16. B

17. D

18. A

19. C

20. B

21. A

22. D

23. E

24. C

25. E

C

1. A


11. E

12. D

21. E

22. B

3. E

r.

2. B

13. D

D

1. A

5. C

6. E

7. B

8. C

9. B

10. E

14. E

15. A

16. E

17. B

18. E

19. A

20. A

24. C

25. C


w

w

w

23. B

4. B

1. B

2. A

3. D

4. E

5. A

6. B

7. E

8. C

9. D

10. B

11. D

12. D

13. E

14. B

15. A

16. D

17. A

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. A

22. C

23. B

24. E

25. E



2. A

3. D

4. B

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. A

10. A

11. B

12. B

13. C

14. D

15. B

16. B

17. A

18. B

19. E

20. C

21. C

22. A

23. C

24. E

25. B


1. A


2. B

3. E

4. C

5. C

6. C

7. C

8. B

9. C

10. A

11. C

12. D

13. C

14. B

15. D

16. C

17. E

18. D

19. C

20. D

21. C

22. A

23. D

24. A

25. B

C

1. B


11. D

12. C

21. D

22. A

3. D

r.

2. B

13. E

D

1. B

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. C

9. A

10. B

14. D

15. D

16. B

17. A

18. C

19. B

20. E

24. A

25. E


w

w

w

23. C

4. A

1. D

2. C

3. D

4. A

5. D

6. C

7. C

8. B

9. D

10. E

11. E

12. B

13. B

14. C

15. B

16. B

17. C

18. D

19. A

20. C

21. B

22. D

23. A

24. A

25. C



2. D

3. D

4. E

5. E

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. D

10. B

11. E

12. C

13. C

14. E

15. D

16. A

17. D

18. C

19. E

20. C

21. C

22. A

23. D

24. D

25. A


1. A


2. C

3. B

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. D

8. C

9. A

10. B

11. B

12. A

13. D

14. B

15. D

16. D

17. A

18. E

19. D

20. A

21. A

22. A

23. A

24. B

25. B

C

1. B


11. C

12. E

21. D

22. A

3. A

r.

2. A

13. B

D

1. A

5. C

6. D

7. D

8. B

9. C

10. D

14. D

15. D

16. A

17. A

18. D

19. C

20. B

24. A

25. A


w

w

w

23. C

4. C

1. B

2. B

3. C

4. E

5. D

6. E

7. E

8. B

9. B

10. A

11. B

12. E

13. B

14. A

15. E

16. D

17. A

18. C

19. E

20. A

21. A

22. D

23. A

24. B

25. C



2. C

3. C

4. B

5. E

6. B

7. A

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. A

12. B

13. A

14. C

15. B

16. A

17. E

18. E

19. A

20. D

21. B

22. A

23. E

24. E

25. C


1. D


2. A

3. E

4. C

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. A

9. B

10. D

11. A

12. D

13. E

14. B

15. C

16. E

17. D

18. A

19. B

20. A

21. C

22. A

23. E

24. B

25. A

C

1. A


11. B

12. B

21. C

22. C

3. E

r.

2. E

13. C

D

1. C

5. B

6. B

7. B

8. E

9. B

10. E

14. A

15. E

16. A

17. B

18. E

19. D

20. E

24. A

25. B


w

w

w

23. D

4. C

1. B

2. E

3. C

4. C

5. C

6. C

7. E

8. C

9. D

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. E

14. A

15. C

16. E

17. C

18. B

19. C

20. A

21. B

22. E

23. D

24. B

25. C



2. E

3. A

4. D

5. A

6. E

7. A

8. A

9. E

10. E

11. E

12. D

13. E

14. B

15. D

16. A

17. E

18. A

19. E

20. D

21. D

22. A

23. B

24. D

25. C


1. B


2. B

3. D

4. A

5. E

6. E

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. B

11. A

12. B

13. C

14. B

15. B

16. E

17. C

18. A

19. E

20. C

21. C

22. C

23. E

24. C

25. A

C

1. C

2. B

3. E

4. A

5. B

6. D

7. A

8. C

9. E

10. C

11. C

12. D

21. E

22. C

13. D

14. E

15. D

16. E

17. C

18. B

19. D

20. C

23. C

24. E

25. A

w

w

w

D

1. B

r.



1. E

2. D

3. D

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. C

8. E

9. E

10. E

11. A

12. A

13. E

14. C

15. D

16. E

17. E

18. B

19. A

20. B

21. D

22. C

23. E

24. B

25. B



2. D

3. B

4. A

5. C

6. D

7. A

8. D

9. A

10. A

11. D

12. E

13. A

14. B

15. E

16. C

17. A

18. B

19. E

20. B

21. D

22. C

23. E

24. D

25. C


1. E


2. C

3. E

4. D

5. D

6. A

7. D

8. E

9. D

10. A

11. E

12. A

13. E

14. D

15. C

16. A

17. E

18. A

19. B

20. B

21. D

22. D

23. D

24. E

25. B

C

1. A


11. C

12. C

21. D

22. B

3. E

r.

2. B

13. B

D

1. C

5. C

6. A

7. D

8. D

9. A

10. B

14. A

15. A

16. E

17. E

18. A

19. C

20. A

24. D

25. D


w

w

w

23. A

4. A

1. C

2. D

3. D

4. E

5. A

6. A

7. A

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. E

12. A

13. E

14. E

15. C

16. C

17. A

18. A

19. D

20. E

21. E

22. B

23. A

24. D

25. B



2. A

3. B

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. A

8. C

9. E

10. D

11. C

12. B

13. E

14. D

15. C

16. D

17. E

18. E

19. A

20. C

21. B

22. B

23. B

24. E

25. E


1. C


2. C

3. C

4. E

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. E

9. E

10. D

11. A

12. E

13. A

14. B

15. B

16. E

17. B

18. A

19. C

20. B

21. C

22. D

23. E

24. C

25. C

C

1. B


11. C

12. A

21. D

22. A

3. E

r.

2. C

13. C

D

1. C

5. E

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. D

14. D

15. B

16. A

17. D

18. E

19. A

20. B

24. C

25. B


w

w

w

23. B

4. C

1. B

2. B

3. D

4. E

5. E

6. E

7. D

8. C

9. C

10. D

11. E

12. B

13. D

14. A

15. B

16. A

17. E

18. A

19. D

20. B

21. E

22. A

23. B

24. E

25. B



2. E

3. B

4. C

5. D

6. A

7. A

8. A

9. C

10. E

11. C

12. A

13. A

14. E

15. E

16. D

17. A

18. D

19. A

20. A

21. B

22. D

23. E

24. A

25. B


1. C


2. E

3. D

4. B

5. E

6. A

7. E

8. E

9. C

10. B

11. B

12. D

13. E

14. E

15. B

16. B

17. B

18. E

19. B

20. A

21. C

22. C

23. E

24. D

25. A

C

1. A


11. D

12. A

21. B

22. A

3. A

r.

2. A

13. C

D

1. B

5. B

6. E

7. A

8. B

9. A

10. D

14. E

15. E

16. A

17. B

18. C

19. A

20. A

24. B

25. B


w

w

w

23. D

4. B

1. D

2. D

3. C

4. E

5. C

6. D

7. E

8. E

9. E

10. D

11. A

12. D

13. D

14. A

15. B

16. C

17. E

18. D

19. A

20. C

21. E

22. B

23. B

24. D

25. B



2. B

3. A

4. A

5. E

6. C

7. E

8. E

9. E

10. A

11. E

12. E

13. D

14. E

15. C

16. A

17. D

18. B

19. B

20. D

21. C

22. E

23. E

24. C

25. E


1. A


2. A

3. E

4. C

5. E

6. C

7. C

8. D

9. B

10. B

11. D

12. B

13. C

14. D

15. D

16. E

17. D

18. D

19. D

20. E

21. A

22. A

23. B

24. D

25. E

w

w

w

D

r.

C

1. D


Synonyms for KPDS&ÜDS Test – 1

2. D

3. B

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. E

8. E

9. C

10. D

11. B

12. A

13. E

14. B

15. E

16. A

17. B

18. E

19. C

20. C

21. B

22. B

23. E

24. C

25. C


1. B


2. E

3. E

4. E

5. E

6. D

7. A

8. E

9. C

10. C

11. D

12. E

13. B

14. E

15. B

16. C

17. A

18. E

19. D

20. B

21. E

22. B

23. A

24. E

25. C

C

1. D

2. A

3. D

4. A

5. C

6. B

7. A

8. C

9. C

10. B

11. D

12. B

13. B

14. D

15. A

16. B

17. D

18. A

19. B

20. B

21. D

22. D

23. D

24. C

25. D

w

w

w

D

1.C

r.



1. A

2. D

3. A

4. C

5. A

6. A

7. C

8. C

9. D

10. D

11. C

12. C

13. D

14. D

15. B

16. C

17. A

18. D

19. A

20. D

21. C

22. B

23. B

24. B

25. C



2. A

3. B

4. B

5. D

6. A

7. A

8. A

9. A

10. A

11. A

12. B

13. A

14. A

15. A

16. A

17. D

18. A

19. A

20. B

21. A

22. D

23. B

24. C

25. B


1. A


2. B

3. C

4. A

5. A

6. B

7. B

8. A

9. D

10. C

11. B

12. C

13. C

14. C

15. A

16. A

17. D

18. C

19. A

20. A

21. A

22. A

23. B

24. A

25. A

C

1. B


11. C

12. B

21. B

22. A

3. B

r.

2. D

13. B

D

1. D

5. C

6. B

7. B

8. B

9. A

10. D

14. B

15. C

16. C

17. B

18. A

19. D

20. A

24. A

25. C

w

w

w

23. C

4. D


1. C

2. B

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. B

7. A

8. D

9. B

10. C

11. C

12. B

13. B

14. B

15. A

16. A

17. C

18. D

19. A

20. D

21. A

22. A

23. A

24. C

25. B



2. A

3. C

4. B

5. B

6. B

7. B

8. A

9. B

10. D

11. B

12. A

13. A

14. C

15. A

16. A

17. C

18. A

19. A

20. C

21. A

22. D

23. D

24. A

25. A


1. C


2. D

3. D

4. C

5. B

6. A

7. C

8. A

9. B

10. B

11. A

12. C

13. C

14. B

15. A

16. C

17. D

18. D

19. B

20. D

21. B

22. A

23. C

24. B

25. A

C

1. C


11. C

12. D

21. D

22. D

3. A

r.

2. A

13. C

D

1. A

5. A

6. B

7. B

8. B

9. B

10. C

14. C

15. B

16. A

17. C

18. C

19. B

20. A

24. C

25. C

w

w

w

23. D

4. A


1. D

2. B

3. B

4. B

5. A

6. C

7. C

8. A

9. C

10. B

11. A

12. A

13. A

14. B

15. C

16. B

17. A

18. B

19. B

20. A

21. A

22. C

23. A

24. C

25. B



2. A

3. C

11. C

12. B

13. C

21. A

22. C

23. B

4. D

5. A

6. A

7. B

8. B

9. D

10. B

14. B

15. C

16. B

17. C

18. C

19. B

20. C

24. D

25. A


1. D


2. C

3. A

4. D

5. C

6. C

7. C

8. C

9. C

10. D

11. C

12. C

13. D

14. B

15. A

16. C

17. A

18. A

19. B

20. A

21. C

22. B

23. B

24. C

25. C

C

1. B


2. D

3. C

4. B

5. C

6. A

7. C

8. A

9. C

10. B

11. A

12. B

13. B

14. C

15. C

16. C

17. A

18. B

19. C

20. C

21. C

22. B

23. D

24. B

25. B

w

w

w

D

r.

1. C


1. C

2. D

3. A

4. D

5. D

6. C

7. B

8. C

9. A

10. D

11. C

12. C

13. C

14. B

15. B

16. D

17. A

18. C

19. D

20. B

21. D

22. A

23. B

24. A

25. C



2. C

3. C

11. A

12. D

13. D

21. B

22. C

23. A

4. B

5. A

6. B

7. A

8. B

9. C

10. A

14. B

15. A

16. B

17. A

18. D

19. D

20. D

24. A

25. D


1. A


2. B

3. A

4. B

5. C

6. C

7. A

8. D

9. A

10. C

11. C

12. B

13. D

14. D

15. A

16. B

17. A

18. C

19. B

20. B

21. A

22. C

23. C

24. C

25. A

C

1. C


2. C

3. D

4. A

5. B

6. C

7. C

8. D

9. D

10. E

11. C

12. C

13. E

14. C

15. E

16. E

17. B

18. C

19. E

20. B

21. C

22. A

23. B

24. C

25. C

w

w

w

D

r.

1. D

1. D

2. B

3. C

11. E

12. E

13. C

21. A

22. B

23. A


4. A

5. D

6. D

7. B

8. E

9. C

10. A

14. E

15. D

16. C

17. D

18. D

19. C

20. A

24. C

25. C

Dr. Hikmet Şahiner

VOCABULARY

KPDS & ÜDS

KPDS ve ÜDS sınavlarına giren kişilerin İngilizce kelime haznesinin zenginliği bu sınavlardaki başarılarını artırmada önemli bir rol oynamaktadır. Elinizde bulunan bu kitapta İngilizce kelime haznenizin gelişmesine çok önemli katkıda bulunacak KPDSÜDS kelimeleri, Türkçe karşılıkları, İngilizce eşanlamları, ve kelimelerin içinde kullanıldığı örnek cümleler bulunmaktadır. Yeni kelime öğrenmenin olmazsa olmaz şartı yeni kelimeleri bir bağlam içinde öğrenmenizdir. Kelime haznenizin gelişip gelişmediğini kontrol etmek ve pratiğinizi pekiştirmek için kitapta yaklaşık 10.000 tane çoktan seçmeli soru bulunmaktadır.

Verbs and Adjective Collocations for KPDS & UDS Tests

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