VERBOS REGULARES E IRREGULARES
Por la manera en que se conjugan, se pueden distinguir dos clases de verbos: regulares e irregulares.
Los verbos regulares son los que conservan la misma raíz en todas sus formas y tienen las desinencias del modelo de su conjugación (saltar, comer, vivir). Presente Pretérito perfecto simple saltar (modelo) salt-o salt-é contestar contest-o contest-é
Futuro salt-aré contest-aré
Se consideran regulares los verbos que tienen cambios en su raíz en algunas de sus formas por motivos únicamente ortográficos: Presente Pretérito perfecto simple Futuro cazar caz-o coger coj-o
cac-é cog-í
caz-aré cog-eré
Los verbos irregulares son los que no conservan igual la raíz en todas sus formas, o tienen desinencias distintas del modelo de su conjugación, o ambas cosas.
Para saber si un verbo es regular o irregular basta observar las siguientes formas: • • •
Primera persona del singular del presente de indicativo. Tercera persona del singular del pretérito perfecto simple. Primera persona del singular del futuro de indicativo.
Presente Pretérito perfecto simple Futuro saltar (modelo) salt-o salt-ó salt-aré mostrar muestr-o mostr-ó mostr-aré andar and-o and-uvo and-aré
IRREGULAR VERBS INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
SIGNIFICADO
abide
abode
abode
tolerar, soportar
arise
arose
arisen
surgir, plantear
awake
awoke
awoke
despertarse
be
was/were
been
ser, estar
beat
beat
beaten
golpear, latir, batir
become
became
become
llegar a ser
begin
began
begun
comenzar
bend
bent
bent
doblarse, inclinarse
bet
bet
bet
apostar en algo
bind
bound
bound
atar, unir, ligar
bind
bound
bound
atar, unir, ligar
bite
bit
bitten
morder/se
bleed
bled
bled
sangrar
blow
blew
blown
soplar, hacer sonar
break
broke
broken
romper
breed
bred
bred
criar, reproducir/se
bring
brought
brought
traer
build
built
built
construir
buy
bought
bought
comprar
catch
caught
caught
agarrar
choose
chose
chosen
elegir
come
came
come
venir
creep
crept
crept
arrastrar, deslizarse
cut
cut
cut
cortar
deal
dealt
dealt
tratar, ocuparse
dig
dug
dug
cavar, excavar
do [does]
did
done
hacer
draw
drew
drawn
dibujar, atraer
drink
drank
drunk
beber
drive
drove
driven
conducir
eat
ate
eaten
comer
fall
fell
fallen
caer
feed
fed
fed
alimentar
feel
felt
felt
sentir
fight
fought
fought
luchar, pelear
find
found
found
encontrar
fling
flung
flung
arrojar, lanzar
fly
flew
flown
volar
forget
forgot
forgotten
olvidar
freeze
froze
frozen
helar, congelar
get
got
got/gotten
obtener, conseguir
give
gave
given
dar
go
went
gone
ir
grind
ground
ground
moler
grow
grew
grown
cultivar, crecer
hang
hung
hung
colgar
have [have/has]
had
had
tener, haber
hear
heard
heard
oír
hide
hid
hidden
ocultar, esconder
hit
hit
hit
golpear
hold
held
held
sostener, soportar
keep
kept
kept
guardar, conservar
kneel
knelt
knelt
arrodillarse
know
knew
known
saber, conocer
lead
led
led
guiar, conducir
lend
lent
lent
prestar
learn
learnt
learnt
aprender
leave
left
left
irse, dejar, partir
lose
lost
lost
perder
make
made
made
hacer, fabricar
mean
meant
meant
significar
meet
met
met
encontrarse con
pay
paid
paid
pagar
put
put
put
poner, colocar
read
read
read
leer
ride
rode
ridden
cabalgar
ring
rang
rung
sonar
run
ran
run
correr
say
said
said
decir
see
saw
seen
ver
seek
sought
sought
buscar
sell
sold
sold
vender
send
sent
sent
enviar
shake
shook
shaken
agitar, sacudir
shine
shone
shone
brillar, resplandecer
shoot
shot
shot
pegar un tiro
show
showed
shown
mostrar, demostrar
shrink
shrank
shrunk
encogerse (tamaño)
shut
shut
shut
cerrar
sing
sang
sung
cantar
sink
sank
sunk
hundir/se
sit
sat
sat
sentar/se
slay
slew
slain
asesinar
sleep
slept
slept
dormir
slide
slid
slid
resbalar, deslizar
sling
slung
slung
lanzar con fuerza
smell
smelt
smelt
oler
speak
spoke
spoken
hablar
spend
spent
spent
gastar, pasar
spin
spun
spun
girar, hilar
stand
stood
stood
pararse
steal
stole
stolen
robar
stick
stuck
stuck
pinchar, atascarse
sting
stung
stung
picar, arder
stride
strode
strode
dar pasos largos
strike
struck
struck
golpear, sonar
strive
strove
striven
esforzarse
swear
swore
sworn
jurar, maldecir
sweep
swept
swept
barrer
swell
swelled
swollen
hinchar/se
swim
swam
swum
nadar
take
took
taken
tomar, llevar
teach
taught
taught
enseñar
tear
tore
torn
rasgar, arrancar
tell
told
told
decir, contar
think
thought
thought
pensar, creer
thrive
throve
thriven
crecer, prosperar
throw
threw
thrown
tirar, arrojar
tread
trod
trodden
pisar, aplastar
understood
understood
entender, comprender
undo
undid
undone
deshacer
wake
woke
woken
despertarse
wear
wore
worn
vestir, usar (ropa)
understand
win
won
won
ganar
wind
wound
wound
serpentear, enrollar
write
wrote
written
escribir
REGULAR VERBS INFINITIVE
PAST
PARTICIPLE
SIGNIFICADO
Abridge
Abridged
Abridged
Compendiar
Accomplish
Accomplished
Accomplished
Efectuar, verificar
Acknowledge
Acknowledged
Acknowledged
Reconocido
Achieve
Achieved
Achieved
Ejecutar, realizar
Add
Added
Added
Sumar, añadir
Adjust
Adjusted
Adjusted
Ajustar
Agre
Agreed
Agreed
Estar de acuerdo
Agree
Agreed
Agreed
Convenir, estar de acuerdo
Aim
Aimed
Aimed
Pretender
Alleviate
Alleviated
Alleviated
Aliviar, mitigar
Analyze
Analyzed
Analyzed
Analizar
Antedate
Antedated
Antedated
Antedatar
Apportion
Apportioned
Apportioned
Prorratear, repartir, adjudicar
Approve
Approved
Approved
Aprobar, confirmar
Arrive
Arrived
Arrived
Arribar, llegar
Assign
Assigned
Assigned
Asignar
Associate
Associated
Associated
Asociar, juntar, asociado
Assume
Assumed
Assumed
Suponer, asumir
Attain
Attained
Attained
Lograr, alcanzar, obtener
Authorize
Authorized
Authorized
Autorizar
Avoid
Avoided
Avoided
Evitar
Base
Based
Based
Basar
Block
Blocked
Blocked
Bloquear, cerrar
Borrow
Borrowed
Borrowed
Pedir prestado
Broaden
Broadned
Broadned
Ensanchar
Budget
Budgeted
Budgeted
Presupuestar
Call
Called
Called
Llamar
Carry
Carried
Carried
Llevar
Carry out
Carried out
Carried out
Realizar
Certify
Certified
Certified
Certificar
Classify
Classified
Classified
Clasificar
Close
Closed
Closed
Cerrar
Close out
Closed out
Closed out
Liquidar
Code
Coded
Coded
Codificar
Collect
Collected
Collected
Cobrar
Combine
Combined
Combined
Combinar
Complete
Completed
Completed
Completar
Concounter
Encountered
Encountered
Encontrar
Consent
Consented
Consented
Consentir
Consume
Consumed
Consumed
Consumir
Contain
Contained
Contained
Contener
Contitute
Contituted
Contituted
Constituir
Control
Controlled
Controlled
Controlar
Control
Contolled
Controlled
Controlar
Controll
Controlled
Controlled
Controlar
Convert
Converted
Converted
Convertir
Cover
Covered
Covered
Cubrir
Cover
Covered
Covered
Cubrir
Create
Created
Created
Crear
Cross
Crossed
Crossed
Cruzar atravesar
Change
Changed
Changed
Cambiar
Check
Cheked
Cheked
Confrontar
Date
Dated
Dated
Fechar
Declare
Declared
Declared
Declarar
Decrease
Decreased
Decreased
Disminuir
Dedicate
Dedicated
Dedicated
Dedicar
Deduct
Deducted
Deducted
Restar
Define
Defined
Defined
Definir
Demand
Demanded
Demanded
Exigir, demandar
Deposit
Deposited
Deposited
Depositar
Design
Designed
Designed
Diseñar
Detail
Detailed
Detailed
Detallar
Determine
Determined
Determined
Determinar
Determine
Determined
Determined
Determinar
Devise
Devised
Devised
Idear, inventar
Devote
Devoted
Devoted
Dedicar, consagrar
Die
Died
Died
Morir
Direct
Directed
Directed
Dirigir
Discover
Discovered
Discovered
Descubrir
Discuss
Discussed
Discussed
Comentar, discutir
Disregard
Disregarded
Disregarded
Hacer caso omiso de
Divide
Divided
Divided
Dividir
Effect
Effected
Effected
Efectuar
Elect
Elected
Elected
Elegir
Embrace
Embraced
Embraced
Abarcar, abrazar
Employ
Employed
Employed
Emplear
Empty
Emptied
Emptied
Vaciar
Enact
Enacted
Enacted
Establecer, estatuir
End
Ended
Ended
Concluir, terminar
Endorse
Endorsed
Endorsed
Endosar
Enter
Entered
Entered
Registrar, dar entrada
Equal
Equaled
Equaled
Igualar
Establish
Established
Established
Establecer
Estimate
Estimated
Estimated
Estimar, calcular
Evaluate
Evaluated
Evaluated
Evaluar
Evidence
Evidenced
Evidenced
Evidenciar
Exchange
Exchanged
Exchanged
Cambiar, canjear
Exist
Existed
Existed
Existir
Expect
Expected
Expected
Esperar, suponer
Expire
Expired
Expired
Expirar
Extend
Extended
Extended
Extender, amplificar
Finance
Financed
Financed
Financiar
Finish
Finished
Finished
Finalizar, terminar, acabar
Fire
Fired
Fired
Despedir (empleados)
Focus
Focused
Focused
Enfocar, concentrar
Follow
Followed
Followed
Seguir
Found
Founded
Founded
Fundar, cimentar
Furnish
Furnished
Furnished
Gangpunch
Gangpunched
Gangpunched
Surtir, proporcionar, amueblar Muliperforar
Generate
Generated
Generated
Engendrar, producir
Handle
Handled
Handled
Manejar
Handle
Handled
Handled
Manejar
Hire
Hired
Hired
Contratar, asalariar
Identify
Indentified
Indentified
Identificar
Improve
Improved
Improved
Mejorar
Include
Included
Included
Incluir
Increase
Increased
Increased
Aumentar
Incur
Incurred
Incurred
Incurrir
Indicate
Indicated
Indicated
Indicar
Inform
Informed
Informed
Informar
Inscribe
Inscribed
Inscribed
Inscribir
Install
Installed
Installed
Instalar
Intent
Intented
Intented
Intentar, destinar
Introduce
Introduced
Introduced
Introducir
Invest
Invested
Invested
Invertir
Investigate
Investigated
Investigated
Investigar
Involve
Involved
Involved
Involucrar
Journalize
Journalized
Journalized
Asentar en el diario
Look for
Looked for
Looked for
Buscar
Mail
Mailed
Mailed
Enviar por correo
Manage
Managed
Managed
Dirigir, administrar
Mention
Mentioned
Mentioned
Mencionar
Modify
Modified
Modified
Modificar
Obtain
Obtained
Obtained
Obtener
Open
Opened
Opened
Abrir
Organize
Organized
Organized
Organizar
Own
Owned
Owned
Poseer
Petition
Petitioned
Petitioned
Suplicar, rogar
Plan
Planned
Planned
Planear
Plan
Planned
Planned
Planear
Point
Pointed
Pointed
Apuntar, señalar
Point out
Pointed out
Pointed out
Señalar, hacer notar
Post
Posted
Posted
Pasar al mayor
Practice
Practiced
Practiced
Practicar
Prefer
Prefered
Prefered
Preferir
Prepare
Prepared
Prepared
Preparar
Present
Presented
Presented
Presentar
Prevent
Prevented
Prevented
Prevenir, evitar
Prevent
Prevented
Prevented
Prevenir
Price
Priced
Priced
Print
Printed
Printed
Valuar, valorar, poner precio Imprimir
Protect
Protected
Protected
Proteger
Prove
Proved
Proved
Probar, comprobar
Provide
Provided
Provided
Proporcionar, surtir
Provide
Provided
Provided
Proveer, proporcionar
Purchase
Purchased
Purchased
Comprar
Range
Ranged
Ranged
Variar, fluctuar
Reach
Reached
Reached
Lograr, alcanzar
Realize
Relized
Relized
Darse cuenta
Receive
Received
Received
Recibir
Recommend
Recommended
Recommended
Recomendar
Record
Recorded
Recorded
Registrar
Reduce
Reduced
Reduced
Reducir
Regard
Regarded
Regarded
Observar, considerar
Register
Registered
Registered
Registrar
Reimburse
Reimbursed
Reimbursed
Reembolsar
Reimburse
Reimbursed
Reimbursed
Reembolsar
Relieve
Relieved
Relieved
Relevar, remediar
Remain
Remanied
Remanied
Permanecer, quedar
Render
Rendered
Rendered
Prestar, suministrar
Replace
Replaced
Replaced
Reponer, suplir
Replenish
Replenished
Replenished
Relenar, surtir de nuevo
Represent
Represented
Represented
Representar
Restrict
Restricted
Restricted
Restringir
Return
Returned
Returned
Retornar
Review
Reviewed
Reviewed
Revisar
Rule
Ruled
Ruled
Gobernar, rayar
Satisfy
Satisfied
Satisfied
Satisfacer
Save
Saved
Saved
Salvar, ahorar
Secure
Secured
Secured
Asegurar, obtener
Separate
Separated
Separated
Separar
Serv
Served
Served
Servir
Share
Shared
Shared
Repartir, compartir
Sign
Signed
Signed
Firmar
Specialize
Specialized
Specialized
Especializarse
State
Stated
Stated
Expresar, declarar
Study
Studied
Studied
Estudiar
Subdivide
Subdivided
Subdivided
Subdividir
Subtract
Subtracted
Subtracted
Substrear, restar
Sue
Sued
Sued
Demandar
Summarize
Summarized
Summarized
Resumir, compendiar
Supervise
Supervised
Supervised
Supervisar
Support
Supported
Supported
Sostener
Temper
Tempered
Tempered
Moderar, modificar, ajustar
Term
Termed
Termed
Denominar
Total
Totaled
Totaled
Totalizar
Trade
Traded
Traded
Comerciar
Transfer
Transfered
Transfered
Transferir, traspasar
Treat
Treated
Treated
Tratar
Turn out
Turned out
Turned out
Producir, sacar
Use
Used
Used
Usar
Utilize
Utilized
Utilized
Utilizar
Verify
Verified
Verified
Verificar
Watch
Watched
Watched
Vigilar, observar
Work
Worked
Worked
Trabajar
TIEMPOS VERBALES-VERB TENSES
Present tenses- Tiempos verbales de presente. Simple Present tense- Presente simple. Este es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente y con una frecuencia determinada, es decir, cada día, cada mañana, etc. Ej.: John washes the dishes every day. (John lava los platos cada día). Forma negativa del Simple Present: Sujeto+Do not o don't/does not o doesn't +verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John does not/doesn't wash the dishes every day. Forma interrogativa del Simple Present: Do/does+ sujeto+ verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Does John wash the dishes every day? Para la negación y la interrogación de las frases con este tiempo verbal, necesitamos el verbo auxiliar (to) do.
Present Continuous/Progressive tense- Presente Continuo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tienen lugar en el presente, en el mismo momento en el que se está enunciando la frase. El Present Continuous se forma con el presente del verbo (to) be más el verbo de la acción en gerundio (Infinitivo+-ing). Ej.: John is washing the dishes right now. (John está lavando los platos ahora mismo). Forma negativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Sujeto+is/are+not+verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej: John is not/isn't washing the dishes right now. Forma interrogativa del Present Continuous/Progressive: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos? Past tenses-Tiempos verbales de pasado.
Simple past tense- Pasado simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, sin que importe excesivamente el momento del pasado en el que tuvieron lugar. Ej.: John washed the dishes yesterday evening. (John lavó los platos ayer por la tarde).
Para construir las formas negativa e interrogativa del Simple Past, necesitamos la ayuda del verbo auxiliar (to) do, esta vez con su tiempo en pasado, DID. Forma negativa del Simple Past: Sujeto+ DID not/didn't+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+Complementos. Ej.: John didn't wash the dishes yesterday evening. Forma interrogativa del Simple Past: DID+ Sujeto+ verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Did John wash the dishes yesterday evening? En inglés, hay dos tipos de Simple Past o de pasado simple: el regular o el irregular. Los verbos regulares forman el Simple Past añadiendo el sufijo -ed al infinitivo y los verbos irregulares forman su Simple Past sin seguir ninguna regla. En este apartado de la página tienes acceso a la lista completa de todos los verbos irregulares que hay en inglés. Un ejemplo de Simple Past regular es el del verbo (to) wash= (lavar), cuyo Simple Past es washed y un ejemplo de verbo irregular es el de (to) break= (romper) , cuyo Simple Past es broke.
Past Continuous/Progressive Tense- Pasado continuo: Es un tiempo verbal en el que se expresan acciones que tuvieron lugar en el pasado, pero en un momento concreto. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el pasado del verbo (to) be (was o were)+ el verbo de la acción en gerundio (infinitivo+-ing). Ej: John was washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. (John estaba lavando los platos a las ocho ayer por la noche). Forma negativa del Past Continous/Progressive: Sujeto+ Was not o wasn't/were not o weren't+ Verbo de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos. Ej.: John was not/wasn't washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night. Forma interrogativa del Past Continuous/Progressive: Was/were+Sujeto+Verbo
de la acción en gerundio+ Complementos?. Ej.: Was John washing the dishes at eight o'clock last night?
Present Perfect tense- Pretérito Perfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado muy reciente. Este tiempo verbal se forma con el presente del verbo (to) have, has o have+el participio del verbo de la acción: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej.: John has washed the dishes this morning. (John ha lavado los platos esta mañana). Forma negativa del Present Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ has not o hasn't /have not o haven't + Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John has not/ hasn't washed the dishes this morning. Forma interrogativa del Present Perfect Tense: Has/Have+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: Has John washed the dishes this morning?
Past perfect tense-Pretérito pluscuamperfecto: Es un tiempo verbal que expresa acciones que han tenido lugar en el pasado, pero en un pasado menos reciente que el que se expresa en el Present Perfect. Es lo que se denomina el pasado del pasado (past in the past). Se forma con el verbo (to) have en pasado, had+ el participio del verbo de la acción: Regular (Infinitivo+ed) o Irregular (tercera columna de la lista de verbos irregulares). Ej: John had washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. (John había lavado los platos a las dos de la tarde). Forma negativa del Past Perfect Tense: Sujeto+ had not/hadn't+ Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos. Ej.: John had not/hadn't washed the dishes at two in the afternoon. Forma interrogativa del Past Perfect Tense: Had+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en participio+ Complementos.
Future tenses- Tiempos verbales de futuro Simple future- Futuro simple: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que tendrán lugar en un futuro, sin importar excesivamente el momento. Se forma con la partícula will+ el infinitivo del verbo de la acción sin el (to). Ej.: John will wash the dishes tomorrow. (John lavará los platos mañana). Forma negativa del Simple Future: Sujeto+ will not/won't+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John will not/ won't wash the dishes tomorrow. Forma interrogativa del Simple Future: Will+ Sujeto+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: Will John wash the dishes tomorrow?.
Near future- Futuro próximo: Es un tiempo verbal que se utiliza para expresar acciones que van a tener lugar en el futuro, pero se trata de un futuro muy cercano al momento en el que se habla. Se forma con el verbo (to) be en presente (is o are), seguido de GOING TO+ el infinitivo del verbo de la acción. Ej.: John is going to wash the dishes tonight. (John va a lavar los platos esta noche). Forma negativa del Near Future: Sujeto+ is not o isn't/ are not o aren't+ Going to+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos. Ej.: John is not/isn't going to wash the dishes tonight. Forma interrogativa del Near Future: Is/are+ Sujeto+ Going to+ Verbo de la acción en infinitivo+ Complementos?. Ej.: Is John going to wash the dishes tonight?
