Derek Supple, MIT Energy Club http://web.mit.edu/mit_energy Latest Update: 4/15/2007 Distance Volume Mass 1 kg = 2.205 lb 1 cm = 0.4 in 1 L = 0.264 gal = 1000 cm3 (ml) 1 lb = 453.6 g = 16oz 1 m = 3.281 ft = 1.094 yd 1 m3 = 1000 L = 35.3 ft3 = 264 gal 1 metric metric tonn tonne e = 1,000k 1,000kg g = 2,205l 2,205lb b 1 km = 0.62137 mi = 199 rod 1 gal = 3.785 L = 4 qt = 16 c = 128 oz 1 US short short ton= 907kg 907kg = 2,000l 2,000lb b 1 mi = 1.609km 1 ft3 = cf = 28.32 L = 7.482 gal gal 1 UK lon long g ton ton = 1,01 1,016k 6kg g = 2,23 2,239l 9lb b 1 smoot = 1.702 m = 5.83 ft 1 bbl = 42 U.S. gal = 159 L = 5.6 ft3 1 cord = 128 ft3 = 3.62 m3 Temperature Area 1 ac-ft = 43560 ft3 = 325,851 gal 1 m2 = 10.765 ft2 °F = 1.8 • °C + 32 1 km3 = 0.24 mi3 = 810,713 acre-ft 1 km2 = 0.386 mi2 = 106 m2 °K = (°F (°F – 32) • 5/9 + 273.15 3 1 ha = 104 m2 = .01 km2 = 2.47 ac 1 bu = 4 pck = 8 gal = 35.2 L = 2,150 in Time Flow Rates 1 mi2 = 2.6 km2 = 640 ac 3,60 3,600 0 sec/ sec/ho hour ur 730 730 hour hour/m /mon onth th 2 2 1 ac = 4,047 m = 43,560 ft 1mbd = 1 Mbbl/day Mbbl/day = 15.34 15.34 Ggal/yr Ggal/yr 365.25 365.25 day/y day/year ear 8,766 8,766 hour/y hour/year ear = 694.4 bbl/min = 11.57 bbl/sec Pressure 31,536,000 sec/year = 485.9 gal/sec 1MPa = 10bar = 9.87atm = 145psi Fuel Economy 3 1 ft /s = 641 bbl/hr = 449 gal/min (gpm) 1atm = 1.0132 bar bar = 760 mmHg 1mpg = 0.4251 km/L 1 bbl oil/day 50 metric ton oil/yr = 14.696 psi = 10.33 10.33 ton/m3 mpg = 235.2/ L/100 km 1 gpm = 0.063 L/s = 0.00442 ac-ft/day
Units & Conversions Fact Sheet
Prefixes
Metric
pico (p) nano (n ( n) micro (µ) deca (da) kilo (k) mega (M) giga (G) tera (T (T) peta (P (P) exa (E (E) zetta (Z ( Z)
Roman
= = = = = = = = = = =
m = 103 mm = 106 quad = 1015
10-12 10-9 10-6 101 103 106 109 1012 1015 1018 1021
≈
Energy Unit Conversion 1 J = 1 Nm = 1 kgm2 /s2 = 0.239 cal = 0.74 ft-lb 1 Cal = 1 kcal = 1000 cal = 4.187 KJ = 3.968 Btu 1 KJ = 0.239 Cal = 0.947817 Btu 0.95 Btu 1 Btu = 1,055.056 J = 0.252 kcal 1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3,412 Btu; (1MWh = 3.6 GJ = 3.412 mmBtu) 1 mmBtu mmBtu = 106 Btu = 1.055 GJ = 1 decatherm 1 mcf nat. gas gas (LHV) (LHV) = 10.27 10.27 therm therm = 1.027 mmBtu = 1.082 1.082 GJ 1 toe = 41.868 41.868 GJ = 39.683 mmBtu mmBtu = 11.63 MWh MWh = 7.33bbl 7.33bbl 1 tce = 29.308 29.308 GJ = 27.778 27.778 mmBtu = 8.141 8.141 MWh MWh 1 Quad = 1015 Btu = 1.055 EJ = 293 TWh TWh = 25.2 Mtoe=.974 TCF TCF 9 18 1 EJ = 10 GJ = 10 J = .95 Quad 1 TWyr = 31.5 EJ = 29.86 29.86 Quad ≈
Density Water = 1 g/cm3 = 1 g/ml = 1 kg/L = 1 metric tonne/m3 Air at Sea Level = 1.2 kg/m3 Crude Crude Oil Oil = 0.88 (0.7 (0.75 5 -0.98) -0.98) kg/L kg/L = 7.34 7.34 lb/gal lb/gal = 140 140 kg/bbl kg/bbl Gasol asolin ine e = 0.74 0.745 5 kg/L kg/L = 6.22 6.22 lb/ lb/gal gal Dies Diese el = 0.83 0.837 7 kg/L kg/L = 7.00 7.00 lb/ lb/gal; gal; Biod Biodie iese sell = 0.88 0.880 0 kg/L kg/L Ethanol = 0.789 kg kg/L = 6.58 lb lb/gal Metha ethano noll = 0.79 0.792 2 kg/ kg/L L = 6.61 6.61 lb/ lb/gal gal 3 Nat. Gas = 0.717 kg/m = 44.8 lb/mcf CNG @ 20MPa= 0.185 kg/L = 11.5 lb/ft3 = 5.66 5.66 lb/g lb/gge ge LPG (propan (propane) e) = 0.540 0.540 kg/L = 33.7 33.7 lb/ft lb/ft3 Hydrogen = 0.025 025 kg kg/L (35MPa); 0.089 08988 kg/ kg/m m3 (STP) Coal 1.32 kg/L = 1230 1230 metric ton/ha-m = 1800 1800 sht ton/acre-foot ≈
Rules of Thumb •
1 Btu = 1,055 J
•
1 kWh = 3.6 MJ = 3,412 Btu
•
1 gallon gasoline equivalent (gge) = 121 MJ = 115,000 Btu = 1 kg H2 = 1.5 gal EtOH
•
1 million barrel oil per day (mbd) = 486 gal/sec = 2.2TJ/yr = 4232 metric ton C/yr
•
Nat.Gas: 1 mscf = 0.2832 Nm3 = 1.027 mmBtu = 10.27 therm
•
1 hp = 746 W
•
1 TW
•
23.52 mpg 10 L/100km • 234 g TtW CO2 /km 0.832 lb TtW CO2 /mi
•
1 Quad = 1015 Btu
≈
30 Quad/yr
≈
≈
32 EJ/yr
1.05 EJ
≈
25 Mtoe
≈
3.667 (44/12) ton CO2 per ton C
300TWh
≈
0.974 tcf natural gas
Sources
This sheet was compiled based on several other useful f act sheets and online resources: •
Holdren, J. and H. Lee (2006) ENR302 Course Notes: “Some Units Constants, and Conversions” and “Energy of Familiar Phenomena”
•
International Energy Agency (IEA) Energy Statistics Unit Converter http://www.iea.org/Textbase/stats/unit.asp
•
U.S. Dept. of Energy, Energy Information Administration (EIA). Kid's Page Energy Calculator http://www.eia.doe.gov/kids/energyfacts/science/energy_calculator.html
•
BP plc, Statistical Review of World Energy 2006, Conversion Factors http://www.bp.com/conversionCalculator.do?&contentId=7017990&categoryId=91
•
EIA AER “Other Physical Conversion Factors” http://www.eia.doe.gov/emeu/aer/pdf/pages/sec13_13.pdf
•
DOE Alternative Fuels Data Center (AFDC) Fuel Properties Table http://www.eere.energy.gov/afdc/pdfs/fueltable.pdf
OIL INDUSTRY CONVERSIONS Crude petroleum, and the refined products made from crude oil, are normally measured either by volume in gallons and US barrels, or by weight in tons or tonnes. The relationship between volume and weight is usually measured by density in the United Kingdom (the alternative measure is relative density or specific gravity). American oilmen usually reckon quantities of oil produced, moved or processed in barrels per day (bpd or b/d). The loose but simple rule of thumb for conversion is that a barrel a day is roughly 50 tonnes a year, but the relationship varies according to density and so according to product.
CONVERSION FACTORS FOR OIL ----------------------------------------------------------------At 86°F (30°C) ----------- Approximation ------------------Liters Liters A.Gallons A.Barrels Product per per per per E.Ton M.Ton M.Ton M.Ton ----------------------------------------------------------------L.P.G 1,864 1,835 484.6 11.54 JP.4 1,355 1,333 352.4 8.39 Jet A-1 1,274 1,254 331.2 7.89 Premium 1,375 1,353 357.5 8.51 Regular 1,440 1,418 374.5 8.92 Kerosene 1,293 1,273 336.2 8.00 Gas Oil 1,197 1,177 311.2 7.41 Diesel Fuel 1,177 1,159 306.1 7.29 Fuel oil 80 CST 1,082 1,065 281.2 6.70 Fuel oil 180 CST 1,067 1,050 277.4 6.60 Fuel oil 230 CST 1,064 1,047 276.6 6.59 Fuel oil 280 CST 1,061 1,044 275.9 6.57 Bitumen 994 979 258.5 6.15 -----------------------------------------------------------------
..
1 MMSCF of natural gas 1 1 1 1 1 1
= = million cu.ft. of natural gas = = std.cu.feet of natural gas = m.ton of coal = m.ton of lignite = ltr of fuel oil 1500 sec = kg of LPG =
172.3 barrels of crude oil equivalent 365 x 1,000,000 scf 18.91 tons liquid 1598.69 cu.ft.liquid 1000 BTU = 252 kilocalories 4.879 barrels of crude oil equivalent 2.053 barrels of crude oil equivalent 38.9 cubic feet of natural gas 47.0 cubic feet of natural gas
1 normal cu.m. per day (Nm 3/d) [flow rate of gas]
= 37.33 standard cu.ft. per day (SCFD)
1 ton of LNG
= 1.14 1.4 x 10 3 normal cu.m.natural gas (Nm 3)
(LNG conversions)
= 52.3 x 10 3 standard cubic feet natural gas (SCF) 1 ton of LNG (energy equivalents)
1 barrel per day (b/d) 1 barrel of oil equivalent
= = = = = = = =
55.0 x 10 9 joules (HHV) 1.22 tonne crude oil 0.80 tonne heavy fuel oil 0.91 tonne LPG (commercial composition) 1.91 tonne coal 50 tonnes per year (approx.) 1 barrel of crude oil 5,487 cubic feet of gas *
* Natural gas is converted to barrels of oil equivalent using a ratio of 5,487 cubic feet of natural gas per one barrel of crude oil. This ratio is based on the actual average equivalent energy content of TOTAL's natural gas reserves. 1 barrel of crude oil per day 1 ton of crude oil
1 ton of oil equivalent
= appr. 50 tons of crude oil per year = 1 metric ton of crude oil = appr. 7.3 barrels of crude oil (assuming a specific gravity of 33 API) = 6.6-8.0 bbl. of crude oil with 7.333 bbl. taken as average = 1.16 kl. of crude oil (average) = appr. 1,125 cubic meters of natural gas
MMSCF CST A. E. VOLUME
Million standard cubic feet Centi-Stroke American English 1 American barrel
1 American gallon
1 Imperial gallon
1 liter
1 kiloliter 1 gross ton (shipping) 1 cubic meter
= = = = =
158.984 liters 42 American (US) gallons 34.9726 Imperial (UK) gallons 5.6146 cubic feet 0.15899 cubic metre
= = = = = = = = = = = = = = =
3.78541 cubic decimeters (dm 3) 0.136 tonne (approx) 231 cubic inches 0.133681 cubic foot 3.7854 liters 0.0238095 American barrel 0.83268 Imperial gallon 0.0037854 cubic meter 277.42 cubic inches 1.20094 American gallons 4.54609 liters 0.028594 American barrel 0.160544 cubic foot 0.004561 cubic meter 1,000 cubic centimeters
= = = = = =
1 cubic decimeter (dm 3) 0.035314 cubic foot 61.024 cubic inches 1.7597 pints 0.219969 Imperial gallon 0.26417 American gallon
= 1,000 cubic decimeters (dm 3) = 6.28981 American barrels = 100 cubic feet or 2.83 cubic metres of permanently enclosed space = 35.315 cubic feet
..
1 MMSCF of natural gas 1 1 1 1 1 1
= = million cu.ft. of natural gas = = std.cu.feet of natural gas = m.ton of coal = m.ton of lignite = ltr of fuel oil 1500 sec = kg of LPG =
172.3 barrels of crude oil equivalent 365 x 1,000,000 scf 18.91 tons liquid 1598.69 cu.ft.liquid 1000 BTU = 252 kilocalories 4.879 barrels of crude oil equivalent 2.053 barrels of crude oil equivalent 38.9 cubic feet of natural gas 47.0 cubic feet of natural gas
1 normal cu.m. per day (Nm 3/d) [flow rate of gas]
= 37.33 standard cu.ft. per day (SCFD)
1 ton of LNG
= 1.14 1.4 x 10 3 normal cu.m.natural gas (Nm 3)
(LNG conversions)
= 52.3 x 10 3 standard cubic feet natural gas (SCF) 1 ton of LNG (energy equivalents)
1 barrel per day (b/d) 1 barrel of oil equivalent
= = = = = = = =
55.0 x 10 9 joules (HHV) 1.22 tonne crude oil 0.80 tonne heavy fuel oil 0.91 tonne LPG (commercial composition) 1.91 tonne coal 50 tonnes per year (approx.) 1 barrel of crude oil 5,487 cubic feet of gas *
* Natural gas is converted to barrels of oil equivalent using a ratio of 5,487 cubic feet of natural gas per one barrel of crude oil. This ratio is based on the actual average equivalent energy content of TOTAL's natural gas reserves. 1 barrel of crude oil per day 1 ton of crude oil
1 ton of oil equivalent
= appr. 50 tons of crude oil per year = 1 metric ton of crude oil = appr. 7.3 barrels of crude oil (assuming a specific gravity of 33 API) = 6.6-8.0 bbl. of crude oil with 7.333 bbl. taken as average = 1.16 kl. of crude oil (average) = appr. 1,125 cubic meters of natural gas
31 0.871 7.24 7.36 32 0.865 7.28 7.40 33 0.860 7.33 7.45 34 0.855 7.37 7.49 35 0.850 7.42 7.54 36 0.845 7.46 7.58 37 0.840 7.51 7.63 38 0.835 7.55 7.67 39 0.830 7.60 7.72 40 0.825 7.64 7.76 41 0.820 7.69 7.81 42 0.816 7.73 7.85 ---------------------------------------------* Approx. figures 60°F 141.5 Specific gravity = -----------131.5 + °API
POWER AND HEAT UNITS 1 HP (UK Horsepower)
= = = 1 PS (Pferdestaerke) = or CV (Cheval Vapeur) = = 1 kW (Kilowatt) = = = = 1 foot pound per second = = = 1000 Btu = 100,000 Btu = 1 calorie (dieticians') = 1 Therm =
550 foot pounds per second 0.7457 kilowatt 1.014 PS (or Cheval Vapeur) 542 foot pounds per second 0.986 hp 0.736 kW 1,000 watts 1,340 hp 1.359 PS or CV 737 foot pounds per second 0.00136 kilowatt 0.00182 hp 0.00184 PS or CV 0.293 kWh 1 therm 4.1855 kilojoules 100,000 Btu (British Thermal Units)
1000 kilocalories (Large Calories) 1 kilowatt hour
LIQUEFIED METHANE 1 Ton of Liquefied Methane
= = = = = = = = =
25,200 kilocalories 25.2 thermies 29.3 kilowatt hours 3,968 Btu 1.163 kilowatt hours 1 thermie 3,411 Btu 1.340 hp hours 859.6 kilocalories
= approximately 16 barrels = approximately 50,000 cubic feet (1400 cubic meters) of natural gas, depending on methane content
PRODUCT SPECIFIC GRAVITY RANGES --------------------------------------------------Spec. Barrels per Gravity metric ton --------------------------------------------------Crude oils 0.80-0.97 8.0-6.6 Aviation gasolines 0.70-0.78 9.1-8.2 Motor gasolines 0.71-0.79 9.0-8.1 Kerosines 0.78-0.84 8.2-7.6 Gas oils 0.82-0.90 7.8-7.1 Diesel oils 0.82-0.92 7.8-6.9 Lubricating oils 0.85-0.95 7.5-6.7 Fuel oils 0.92-0.99 6.9-6.5 Asphaltic bitumens 1.00-1.10 6.4-5.8 --------------------------------------------------CALORIFIC VALUE OF FULES Rough gross values in Btu per lb ------------------------------------Crude oils 18,300-19,500 Gasolines 20,500 Kerosines 19,800
.
Benzole 18,100 Ethyl alcohol 11,600 Gas oils 19,200 Fuel oils (bunker) 18,300 Coal (bituminous) 10,200-14,600 LNG 22,300 LPG (butane) 21,300 ------------------------------------TYPICAL PROPERTIES OF EXPORT STREAMS ---------------------------------------MIRI Bintulu Labuan ---------------------------------------API Gravity 33° 35° 32° Pour Point 45°F 15°F 45°F Wt. % Sulphur 0.07 0.1 0.07 ---------------------------------------PRESSURE 1 Bar
1 kg force/sq cm 1 pound/sq inch HEAT AND ENERGY 1 megajoule
1 terajoule 1 kilocalorie
1 kilowatt hour 1 million Btu
= = = = = =
0.987 750.1 14.50 1.020 14.22 0.070
atmospheres mm Hg pound/sq inch kg force/sq cm pounds/sq inch kg force/sq inch
= = = = = =
238.8 kilocalories 947.8 British Thermal Units 0.278 kilowatt hours 0.00002388 Mtoe 3.968 Btu 4186 joules
= = = = =
1.163 x 10-3 kWh 859.8 kilocalories 3412 Btu 1055 megajoule 2520 megacalories
.
= 293.1 kilowatt hours 1 ton of oil equivalent = 10000000 kilocalories (toe) = 41.868 gigajoules = 40.047 x 10 6 BTU = 42.244 GJ INTERFUEL CONVERSION FACTOR Whilst individual crudes, coals and gases vary widely in quality, certain standard qualities are often assumed for statistical purposes: ----------------------------------------------------------------Reference Barrel Oil Ton Oil Ton Coal 1,000 Cubic Fuel Equivalent Equivalent Equivalent Feet Natural Gas -----------------------------------------------------------------
Calorific Value
5.8x10 6 Btu gross
43x106 Btu gross
7x106 Kcal net
1x106 Btu gross
Conversion Factors
1 0.14 0.21 5.8 7.41 1 1.57 43.0 4.71 0.64 1 27.3 0.17 0.02 0.04 1 ----------------------------------------------------------------Based on these qualities, the following equivalent rates of consumption can be used with reasonable accuracy: ----------------------------------------------------------------LNG NG OIL OIL COAL t/y
106 mmcF/d 9
3
toe/y
boe/y
tce/y
10 Nm /y ----------------------------------------------------------------1 1.41 1.22 25 1.9 0.71 1 0.87 18 39 0.82 1.15 1 20 1.55 0.04 0.056 0.049 1 0.076 0.53 0.74 0.64 13 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------
CALORIFIC VALUE 1 magajoule/cu m 1 megajoule per normal cubic meter
= 25.84 Btu/cu ft = 25.368 BTU per standard cubic feet (BTU/SCF) = 2.388 x 102 kilocalorie per normal
1 1 1 1
kilocalorie/cu m megajoule/kg kilocalorie Btu/cu ft
1 Btu/pound
ENERGY VALUES Btu per lb: wood: green dry peat, sod lignite coke coal: bituminous anthracite oil: fuel gas
= = = = = = =
cubic meter (kcal/Nm 3) 0.016 Btu/cu ft 429.9 Btu/pound 1.8 Btu/pound (exact) 37.38 kilojoules/cu m 9.410 kilocalories/cu m 2.326 kilojoules/kg 0.556 kilocalories/kg
4,400 7,310 6,200 9,000 12,100 13,000 14,500 18,500 19,500
============================================================================== NATURAL GAS AND OTHER ENERGY EQUIVALENTS The following are quick-reference equivalents. All figures are APROXIMATE VALUES only for use where precision is not required. They are based on: (i)
for natural gas:
(ii)
1,000 Btu/ft 3 = 9,500 kcal/m 3 (Groningen gas 8,400 kcal/m 3) for LPG: an assumed 50/50 propane/butane mixture with (r) or (p) indicating that the LPG is either refrigerated or pressurised.
(iii)
calorific values, per tonne per barrel per cubic metre -
MMBtu (gross): LNG 51.8; LPG 47.3; oil 42.3; coal 27.3 LNG 3.8; LPG (r) 4.45; LPG (p) 4.1; oil 5.8 LNG 23.8; LPG (r) 28; LPG (p) 25.8
Natural Gas: Cubic Metre Equivalents ------------------------------------------------------------------------------
1 mrd m3 Natural Gas per Year per year = 0.04 Tcf gas (38 trillion Btu) = 890 000 tonnes oil = 800 000 tonnes LPG = 725 000 tonnes LNG = 1.4 million tonnes coal per day = 100 million ft3 gas = 17 800 barrels oil = 23 200 barrels LPG (r) = 25 200 barrels LPG (p) = 27 200 barrels LNG 1 million m3 Natural Gas per Day per year = 0.014 Tcf gas (14 trillion Btu) = 325 000 tonnes oil = 290 000 tonnes LPG = 265 000 tonnes LNG = 500 000 tonnes coal per day = 37 million ft3 gas = 6 500 barrels oil = 8 500 barrels LPG (r) = 9 200 barrels LPG (p) = 9 900 barrels LNG 1 m3 Groningen gas = 0.88 m 3 (9 500 kcal) 1 m3 (9 500 kcal) = 1.13 m 3 Groningen gas Natural Gas: Cubic Foot Equivalents ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 Tcf Natural Gas per Year
per year = 27 mrd m 3 gas (30 mrd Groningen) = 24 million tonnes oil
= 37 million tonnes coal = 2 700 million ft 3 gas = 470 000 barrels oil 100 MMcf Natural Gas per Day per year = 0.04 Tcf (37 trillion Btu) per day
per day
= = = = =
1 mrd m3 gas (1.1 mrd Groningen) 860 000 tonnes oil 770 000 tonnes LPG 700 000 tonnes LNG 1.35 million tonnes coal
= = = = =
2.7 million m 3 17 250 barrels 22 500 barrels 24 400 barrels 26 300 barrels
gas (3 million Groningen) oil LPG (r) LPG (p) LNG
LNG: Volumetric Equivalents ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 million tonnes LNG per Year
per year = 77 million ft 3 (liquid) = 2.2 million m 3 (liquid) = 14 million barrels (liquid) = 0.05 Tcf (gas) = = = = = per day
1.4 mrd m 3 (gas) 1.1 million tonnes LPG 1.2 million tonnes oil 52 trillion Btu 1.9 million tonnes coal
= 140 million ft 3 (gas) = = = = =
4 million m 3 (gas) 37 500 barrels LNG 31 900 barrels LPG (r) 34 600 barrels LPG (p) 24 500 barrels oil
1 million m3 LNG per Year per year = 460 000 tonnes LNG
= 6.3 million barrels LNG = 0.2 Tcf (gas)
per day
= = = = =
0.6 mrd m 3 (gas) 500 000 tonnes oil 560 000 tonnes oil 24 trillion Btu 870 000 tonnes coal
= = = = =
65 14 15 17 11
million ft 3 700 barrels 900 barrels 200 barrels 200 barrels
gas LPG (r) LPG (p) LNG oil
m3 = kilolitre LPG & Ethane: Weight, Volume, Heat Conversions ------------------------------------------------------------------------------Barrels Per Tonne Ethane Propane n-Butane C3/C4 mix Pressured 17.6 12.4 10.8 11.6 Refrigerated 11.5 10.8 10.4 10.6
Cubic Metres Per Tonne Ethane Pressured 2.80 Refrigerated 1.83
Propane 1.97 1.72
n-Butane 1.71 1.66
C3/C4 mix 1.84 1.69
Ethane 2.79 4.27
Propane 3.85 4.41
n-Butane 4.35 4.49
C3/C4 mix 4.10 4.45
106 Btu Per Cubic Metre Ethane Pressured 17.6 Refrigerated 26.9
Propane 24.2 27.7
n-Butane 27.4 28.3
C3/C4 mix 25.8 28.0
106 Btu Per Barrel Pressured Refrigerated
106 Btu Per Tonne
Propane 47.7
n-Butane 46.9
C3/C4 mix 47.3
1 Barrel/Day = Tonnes Per Annum Ethane Propane Pressured 20.7 29.4 Refrigerated 31.7 33.8
n-Butane 33.8 35.0
C3/C4 mix 31.6 34.4
Pressured Refrigerated
} }
Ethane 49.2
Natural Gas: Inter-Fuel Price Equivalents (US Currency) ------------------------------------------------------------------------------ONE CENT per MMBtu = 5.8 Cents per Barrel crude oil = 6.4 Cents per Barrel fuel oil = 5.2 Cents per Barrel naphtha = 4.5 Cents per Barrel LPG (r) = 4.1 Cents per Barrel LPG (P) = 3.8 Cents per Barrel LNG ONE CENT per MMBtu = 0.42 Dollars per Tonne crude oil = 0.40 Dollars per Tonne fuel oil = 0.45 Dollars per Tonne naphtha = 0.47 Dollars per Tonne LPG = 0.52 Dollars per Tonne LNG ONE DOLLAR per BARREL = 17 Cents per MMBtu crude oil = 16 Cents per MMBtu fuel oil = 19 Cents per MMBtu naphtha = 22 Cents per MMBtu LPG (r) = 24 Cents per MMBtu LPG (p) = 26 Cents per MMBtu LNG ONE DOLLAR per TONNE = 2.4 Cents per MMBtu crude oil = 2.5 Cents per MMBtu fuel oil = 2.2 Cents per MMBtu naphtha = 2.1 Cents per MMBtu LPG = 1.9 Cents per MMBtu LNG ONE CENT per US gallon LPG = 10 CENTS per MMBtu
Oil and Coal Equivalent ------------------------------------------------------------------------------1 million tonnes Oil per Year
per year = = = = = per day
1.1 mrd m 3 gas (1.3 mrd Groningen) 1.5 million tonnes coal 815 000 tonnes LNG 890 000 tonnes LPG 0.04 Tcf gas (42 trillion Btu)
= 115 million ft 3 gas
= 3 million m 3 gas = 30 500 barrels LNG = 26 000 barrels LPG (r) = 28 300 barrels LPG (p) = 20 000 barrels oil 1 million tonnes Coal per Year per year = = = = = per day
= 75 million ft 3 gas
= = = = = 10 000 barrels Oil per year = = = = per day
0.7 mrd m 3 gas (0.8 mrd Groningen) 640 000 tonnes oil 525 000 tonnes LNG 580 000 tonnes LPG 0.03 Tcf gas (27 trillion Btu) 2 million m 3 gas 19 700 barrels LNG 16 800 barrels LPG (r) 18 200 barrels LPG (p) 12 900 barrels oil per Day 0.6 mrd m 3 gas 500 000 tonnes oil 780 000 tonnes coal 0.02 Tcf gas (21 trillion Btu)
= 58 million ft 3 gas = 1.5 million m 3 gas
---------------------------------------------------------------------------
Rich Gas = natural gas having a gross calorific value of 41,868 kJ/m 3. This term is used particularly for the natural gas from the North Sea and from Algeria. Degree-days = the number of degree-days of a day is calculated on the basis of a reference temperature set by experience at 16.5 C; it gives the difference between that reference temperature and the daily mean temperature if the latter is the lower. The number of degree-days of a year is the sum of the degree-days registered for each day of that year. G-factor = invoicing factor representing the average monthly cost of natural gas at the Belgian border in francs per gigajoule. 1GJ 1Gcal 10-6 Btu 1toe 1kWh 1m 3 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------1GJ 1 0.239 0.948 0.024 277.778 23.884 1Gcal 4.186 1 3.967 0.1 1,163 100 10-6 Btu 1.055 0.252 1 0.025 293.1 25.2 1toe 41.855 10 39.671 1 11,626 1,000 1kWh 3.600 10-3 0.860 10-3 3.421 10-3 0.083 10-3 1 86.011 10-3 1m3 rich gas 0.042 0.010 0.040 0.001 11.626 1 -----------------------------------------------------------------------------gigajoule giga British ton oil kilowatt calorie thermal equivalent - hour unit
