Understanding Six Sigma

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan An`|nm

4Ϗ

Ebswi{r id _bu _bjan


Wel \._ Gldl`sl srswla gltlmixlg n srswla cìz` c ìz` ns _Ô wi an`njl wel oiaxmlu zlnxi` srswla $ wi en`gml wel gbsw{bk|wlg gldl`sl oi`w{nowi{s. _Ô6! bs n slw s lw id wiims wenw i{bjb`nwlg b` wel Abmbwn{r _wn`gn{gs n`g wel knsbs id _Ô x{iolss zns ? sbjan mbabws zeboe rblmgs n {nwl id ;:88 gldlows xl{ abmmbi`. Ndwl{ Zi{mg zn{ ; \_ oiaxn`bls {lw|{`lg wi welb{ I{bjb`nm sw{nwljr zebml wel gldlnwlg oi|`w{bls zl{l {lk|bmgb`j welb{ B`g|sw{bls. Jl`l{nm Ao N{we|{ zei zns wel Jitl{ì{ jl`l{nm id FNXN@ nw wenw wbal Baxi{wlg B axi{wlg sial id wel \._. Xbi`ll{s id _Ô wi elmx w{nb` welb{ oi|`wl{xn{ws b` FNXN@. Kr >2:8p >258 Fnxn`lsl F nxn`lsl x{ig|ol{s zl{l {lìz`lg di{ welb{ ^|nmbwr $ g|{nkbmbwr. \._ Oiaxn`bls smizmr {lnmbvlg wenw wi nwwnb` wel glsb{lg ^|nmbwr mltlm wzi w zi web`js n{l `lolssn{r I`l sei|mg kl nkml wi alns|{l wel ~|nmbwr mltlm B.l bw sei|mg kl ^|n`wbdbnkml $ Alns|{nkml. Aiwi{imn xbi`ll{lg wel \sl id _bu _bjan - Kbmm _abwe TX $_l`bi{ ^N An`njl{ id Aiwi{imn bs {ljn{glg ns wel Dnwel{ id _bu _bjan. _bjan .



^|nmbwr An`njlal`w $ _bu _bjan ” _bu _bjan An`njlal`w‑ !!! Mlng kr Nal{bon` Oiaxn`bls

• _anmm j{i|x id slowbi`s • Wizn{g wiwnm _im|wbi`

Bax{itl X{ig|ow ^|nmbwr

^|nmbwr h Oi`w{im

_bu _bjan

Wiwnm ^|nmbwr An`njlal`w

Wiwnm ^|nmbwr Oi`w{im

” X{ig|owbi` mb`l dio|sslg Bax{itlal`w ” !!! Mlng kr Fnxn`lsl Oiaxn`bls

Wiwnm Ixwbabvnwbi` id [$GX{ig|owbi` - _nmls n`g _l{tbol bs `lolssn{r



Aisw id sl{tbol onmmlg x{ig|ows zl{l d{ia {lzi{clg x{ig|ows nw wel dnowi{bls

• Kbmm _abwe [lxi{w

Ebggl` Dnowi{r n`g [immlg we{i|jex|w Rblmg oiòlxw n{l B`g|olg

•

Now|nm X{nowbol X{nowbol _w{nwljr kr G{. Aboenlm En{{r

•

Wel Anmoia Knmg{bgjl Nzn{g id >255 id Aiwi{imn

Ndwl{ Aiwi{imn- Wluns B`sw{|al`ws- NKK- Nmmblg Nmmblg _bj`nm - JL- MJ Lmlow{i`bos- Ximn{ibg- @icbn- Miocellg An{wb`- ․. _i`r swn{wlg _bu _bjan •

Gldb`bwbi`s Xix|mnwbi` Wiwnm _w|gr J{i|x

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan _naxml _anmm J{i|x wncl` d{ia Xix|mnwbi`

Wel J{i|x id >88 id _naxml >88 xlixml zei xisslssls n Dn`

Gnwn Wel dnows gl{btlg d{ia wel snaxml

Njl n`g @|akl{ id globsbi` ancl{s x|{oensb`j n Dn`

Gldb`bwbi`s


Gnwn Xib`w 6 Wel sb`jml l`wbwr b` wel snaxml. Gnwn 6 Wel w{l`g id gnwn xib`ws b` n snaxml B.l wel dnows gl{btlg d{ia wel snaxml. B`di{anwbi` 6 Wel gnwn x{lsl`wlg b` n di{a zeboe oi`tlrs sial {ls|mw- Oiòm|sbi` _naxml 6 N _naxml bs n xi{wbi` id wel zeiml oimmlowbi` id Bwlas %xix|mnwbi`" Xix|mnwbi` 6 Wel xix|mnwbi` oi`sbsws id wel slw id nmm alns|{lal`ws b` zeboe wel

b`tlswbjnwbi` bs b`wl{lswlg. Bw bs nmsi onmmlg onmm lg \`btl{sl. _wnwbswbo 6 N `|al{bonm tnm|l s|oe ns swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` i{ aln` - wenw oen{nowl{bvls wel

snaxml. _wnwbswbos 6 N` nxxmbonwbi` weli{r $ alweig wi {lnoe nxx{ix{bnwl $ zbsl globsbi`s b`

|`cìz` ob{o|aswnòls.

Xix|mnwbi` _naxml

Wel Oen{nowl{bswbo id xix|mnwi` 6 xn{nalwl{

Wel Oen{nowl{bswbo id _naxml 6 _wnwbswbo


Wrxls id Gnwn

N." Oi`wb`|is Gnwn 6 ! Wel Gnwn zeboe on` kl alns|{lg n`g ens |`bw nssiobnwlg zbwe bw bs onmmlg oi`wb`|i|s gnwn. Bw on` kl b` d{nowbi`s. L.j Ml`jwe id n Xmnrj{i|`g- Weboc`lss id wel xnb`w oinwb`j- low.

K" Nww{bk|wl Gnwn 6! Wel gnwn zeboe on` ens i`mr wzi ixwbi`s Rls)@iW{|l)Dnmsl bs onmmlg Nww{bk|wl gnwn. L.j ^|nmbwr id Diig % IC)@J"-

O" Gbso{llw Gnwn 6 ! Wel gnwn zeboe on` kl alns|{lg i`mr b` zeiml `|akl{ n`g ens ì |`bws nssiobnwlg zbwe bw bs onmmlg Gbso{llw gnwn. Bw bs wel Oi|`w id wel @|akl{ id Nww{bk|wls Nww{bk|wls L.j `|akl{ id Eln{w Klnws b` i`l ab`|wl- @|akl{ id Wrxl N gldlows.


Oen{nowl{bswbos id @i{anm O|{tl @i{anm Gbsw{bk|wbi` O|{tl bs cìz` ns Gl`sbwr O|{tl aln`b`j wel n{ln |`gl{ wel o|{tl bs l~|nm wi i`l.

N." Wel @i{anm o|{tl bs n klmm senxlg o|{tl n`g bw ens sb`jml xlnc %Aigl " nw wel ol`wl{. K" Wel aln` $ algbn` id wel gbsw{bk|wbi` n{l l~|nm n`g n{l mionwlg nw wel xlnc. O" Wel @i{anm gbsw{bk|wbi` o|{tl bs sraalw{bonm \_M nki|w wel aln`. G" Wel o|{tl bs nsraxwiwbo B.l wel o|{tl jlws omisl wi U!Nubs k|w bw `ltl{ wi|oels bw _wn`gn{g @i{anm o|{tl bs i`l entb`j Aln`18n`g swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` 1>.

u

M_M


Alns|{ls id Ol`w{nm Wl`glòr id Gnwn N." Aln` 6 Wel aln` id n slw id Iksl{tnwbi`s bs welb{ ntl{njl. Bw bs l~|nm wi wel s|a id nmm Iksl{tnwbi`s gbtbglg kr wel `|akl{ id Iksl{tnwbi`s b` wel slw. L.j Oi`sbgl{ wel gnwn slw jbtl` klmiz

> - ; - ? - 7 - < 3 Aln` 1 ># ; # ? # 7 # < 1 ><)< 1 ? Aln` id _naxml-

U 1 ίU 1 b

u> #u; #u? #u7#․․..u`

B1>

` k." Algbn` 6 Wel Algbn` wl{a id wel jbtl` gnwn bs jbtl` kr Algbn`

1

` # > we wl{a- zel{l ` bs wel `|akl{ id ;

Iksl{tnwbi`s b` wel jbtl` gnwn%n{{n`jlg b` bò{lnsb`j i{gl{".

L.j ?- < - > - 5 - ; - : - > - 7 . @i. id Wl{as 1 5- N{{n`jl N{{n`jl gnwn b` Bò{lnsb`j I{gl{ 1 > - > - ; - ? - 7 - < - :- 5

Algbn` Wl{a 1 7.

Alns|{ls id Ol`w{nm Wl`glòr id Gnwn O"

Aigl 6 Wel tnm|l Ioo|{{b`j anuba|a `|akl{ id wbals

L.j ?- 7 - ?- 4- <- ?- :- 7 - Aigl Aigl 1 ?

L.j Onmo|mnwl wel Algbn` id wel Dimmizb`j gnwn 6 ;- 7- 4- 5- >;- ><- >8 _im. N{{n`jl wel gnwn b` Bò{lnsb`j I{gl{ ;- 7- 4 - 5 - >8 - >; - >< @i.id Iksl{tnwbi`s 1 %: # > " ) ; 1 7 we Wl{a 1 5


Alns|{ls id _x{lng)Gbsxl{sbi` id Gnwn n." [n`jl 6 Wel Gbddl{lòl klwzll` k lwzll` Anuba|a $ Ab`ba|a tnm|l. k" _wn`gn{g Gltbnwbi` %

6 Bw jbtls wlmms |s nki|w wel tn{bnwbi` b` gnwn .

o " Tn{bnòl % Bw bs gldb`lg ns wel s~|n{l id wel swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` wi nooi|`w di{ wel wiwnm tn{bnwbi` iksl{tlg b` wel gnwn. L.j 6 Wel X{iolss _xlobdbonwbi` _xlobdbonwbi` 1 >8 ¾ ; _im. \_M 1 >; - M_M 15 [n`jl 1 \_M ! M_M 1 >; ! 5 1 7 Oi`sbgl{ wel gnwn slw ?- ;- <- >- 7 Aln` 1 ? _wn`gn{g Gltbnwbi` % Tn{bnwbi` %

" 1 ;.;<

" 1 %>8)7 ">); 1 >. <

Aln` 1 ? Gnwn > ; ? 7 <

T n{bnwbi` Tn{bnwbi` ; !; 7 !> > 8 8 > > ; 7 8 >8


Alns|{ls id _x{lng)Gbsxl{sbi` id Gnwn g" ^|n{wbml 6 Bw gbtbgls wel wiwnm {n`jl b`wi 7 l~|nm xn{ws %~|n{wl{s " n`g wlmms wenw b` zeboe ^|n{wbml n xn{wbo|mn{ gnwn xib`w bs mrb`j.

^> 1 ` # > 7

we

- ^; 1 ; & ` # >

7

we

- ^? 1 ? & ` # >

we

7

zel{l ^>-^; n`g ^? n{l >sw ;`g $ ?{g ^|n{wbmls {lsx. B`wl{~|n{wbml [n`jl % B^[ " 1 ^? ! ^>- oi`wnb`s <8 , id wel Wiwnm gnwn xib`ws

\xxl{ Mbabw \M Mizl{ Mbabw

1 ^? # >.< B^[

MM 1 ^> ! >.< B^[

Lj. Onmo|mnwl wel Db{sw - sloi`g $ Web{g ^|n{wbml di{ wel gnwn jbtl` klmiz. Nmsi onmo|mnwl wel B^[ $ \xxl{ $ Mizl{ Mbabws. >8- >:- >7- ;?- >5 - >> - 2- >? _im . N{{n`jl gnwn b` Bò{lnsb`j i{gl{ 1 2 - >8 - >>>>- >?- >7 - >: - >5 - ;?

^> 1 S % 5 #>" ) #>" ) 7 Q we 1 ;.;8 # 8.;<% >" 1 >8.;< ^;1 ;& ;.;? # 8.< %>7 ! >? " 1 >?.<- ^?1 ?& ;.;:.:< B^[ 1 ^? !^> 1 >:.:< ! >8.;< 1 :.<8 3 \M 1 >:.:< # >.<% :.<8 :.<8 " 1

;2 3 \M 1 >8.;< ! >.< %:.<8" 1 !>


_bu _bjan 6 B`w{ig|owbi`

Zenw bs _bu _bjan ․.9999999

>" _wnwbswbonm Alns|{lal`w 6 Zl alns|{l gldlow {nwls b` nmm wel X{iolssls we{i|je n` luxn`gb`j swnwbswbonm oiòlxw- n`g zl |sl ―

‒b` alns|{b`j x{iolss onxnkbmbwr .

;" K|sb`lss _w{nwljr 6 Zl jnb` n oiaxlwbwbtl lgjls b` ^|nmbwr- Oisw- O|swial{ _nwbsdnowbi`. _nwbsdnowbi` . ?" Xebmisixer 6 Zl sei|mg zi{c san{wl{- ìw en{gl{


_bu _bjan 6 B`w{ig|owbi` V Mltlm

V

XXA

4

?.7

En{tlsw _zllw D{|bw Glsbj` di{ An`|dnow|{nkmbwr < Ϗ Znmm- Bax{itl Glsbj`s

K|mc id D{|bw <

;??

7

4-;>8

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44-58:

X{iolss Oen{nowl{bvnwbi` n`g Ixwbabvnwbi` 7 Ϗ Znmm- Bax{itl X{iolssls

Mizl{ En`jb`j D{|bw _ltl` Knsbo Wiims ? Ϗ Znmm- Zi{c zbwe s|xxmbl{s

;

?85-
X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr

Gldlow Ixxi{w|`bwr

J{i|`g D{|bw Mijbo n`g B`w|bwbi`


_bu _bjan 6 B`w{ig|owbi`

Wel Xl{ol`wnjl Noolxwnkml N{ln |`gl{ wel O|{tl Bò{lnsls ns wel V Tnm|l % wel @|akl{ id _wn`gn{g Gltbnwbi`s Bò{lnsls .

45.? ,

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2<.7< , 22.:? , 22.22?4 , 22.22 22 7 , 22.22 22 22 5 ,

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M_M

Wel N{ln \`gl{ wel O|{tl {lx{lsl`ws wel Noolxwnòl i{ Rblmgzel{lns wel N{ln i|wsbgl wel O|{tl {lx{lsl`ws wel [lflowbi`


_bu _bjan 6 G!A!N!B!O

Ikflowbtl

Welal _lmlowbi`

Welal _lmlowbi` %Gldb`l"

Alns|{lal`w

R

Onxnkbmbwr IC 9

[lglsbj`

Alns|{lal`w

@

• Gldb`l x{ikmla • Gldb`l {n`jl • Alns|{b`j onxnkbmbwr id OW^ • Omln{dr alns|{b`j alweig

N`nmrsbs N`nmrsbs

[lglsbj` 9

R

@ Bax{itlal`w

@

Bax{itlal`w

Onxnkbmbwr IC 9 R Oi`w{im

• Omln{dr dnowi{s

Oi`w{im

• Db`g tbwnm dlz • Ixwbabvl x{iolss

• Oi`w{im tbwnm dlz • _lw |x oi`w{im srswla

?

Ts 4


Oiaxn`r

Wel ? _bjan Oiaxn`r

• _xl`gs >
Wel 4 _bjan Oiaxn`r

• _xl`gs <, id snmls gimmn{s i` oisw id dnbm|{l

• X{ig|ols 44-58: gldlows xl{ abmmbi` • X{ig|ols ?.7 gldlows xl{ abmmbi` ixxi{w|`bwbls

• [lmbls i` b`sxlowbi` wi db`g gldlows • Klmbtls ebje ~|nmbwr bs b s luxl`sbtl • Klòean{cs welaslmtls njnb`sw welb{ oiaxlwbwbi`

ixxi{w|`bwbls

• [lmbls i` onxnkml x{olssls wenw gi`‒w x{ig|ol gldlows

• Cìzs wenw wel ebje ~|nmbwr x{ig|ol{ bs wel miz oisw x{ig|l{

• Klòean{cs welaslmtls njnb`sw wel klsw b` wel zi{mg

• Klmbltls 22, bs jiig lì|je

• Klmbltls 22, bs \`noolxwnkml

• Gldb`ls OW^s b`wl{`nmmr

• Gldb`ls OW^s d{ia o|swial{s

Gldb`l!Nxxmbonwbi` id _bu _bjan


_bu _bjan bs n wiim wenw on` kl nxxmblg wi nmm k|sb`lss srswlas- GlsbjÀn`|dnow|{b`j- _nmls $ _l{tbol J|n{n`wll di{ glsbj` oiaxmlwbi` [$G

ub _

a jb _

n

• _lmlowb`j OW^ wi allw o|swial{ {l~|b{lal`w • Globgb`j {lnsi`nkml Wiml{nòl • J|n{n`wll OW^‒s we{i|je onxnkbmbwr n`nmrsbs

^|nmbwr Nss|{nòl b` An`|dnow|{b`j _wnjls Adj

• Bax{itl sl{bi|s X{ikmlas • [lnm Wbal Ai`bwi{b`j • OW^ oi`w{im srswla

Anubabvb`j _nmls $ _l{tbol _TO

• Bax{itl oroml wbal $ noo|{nor • Oisw Bax{itlal`w

Gldb`l


Gldb`l Xensl • Xn{lwi N`nmrsbs • X{iolss Anxxb`j • Mijbo W{ll • ?)< Zer N`nmrsbs • [WR • ^DG • DALN • K{nb`swi{ab`j

Gldb`l


Xn{lwi N`nmrsbs 6 Wel I{bjb` id wel Wiim mbls zbwe wel Bwnmbn` Loiìabsw Tbmd{lgi Xn{lwi. Xn{lwi X{bòbxml

bs nmsi cìz` ns 58);8 .;8, id bwlas x|{oenslg

kr wel

oiaxn`r nooi|`ws di{ 58, id wel tnm|l >sw Bwla b` wel dbj|{l klmiz b`gbonwls wel ebjelsw ì id dn|mws

Xn{lwi Oen{ws n{l n wrxl id kn{ oen{w b` zeboe wel ei{bvi`wnm nubs {lx{lsl`ws onwlji{bls id b`wl{lsw- {nwel{ wen` n oi`wb`|i|s o i`wb`|i|s sonml. Wel onwlji{bls n{l idwl` +gldlows.+ Kr i{gl{b`j wel kn{s d{ia mn{jlsw wi sanmmlsw- n Xn{lwi oen{w on` elmx ri| glwl{ab`l zeboe id wel gldlows oiax{bsl wel +tbwnm dlz+ n`g zeboe n{l wel +w{btbnm an`r.+ N o|a|mnwbtl xl{ol`wnjl mb`l elmxs ri| f|gjl wel ngglg oi`w{bk|wbi` id lnoe onwlji{r. Xn{lwi oen{ws on` elmx wi dio|s bax{itlal`w lddi{ws i` n{lns zel{l wel mn{jlsw jnb`s on` kl angl. Xn{lwi oen{w on` g{nz i`l oen{w di{ nmm ri|{ gnwn %wel gldn|mw"- i{ slxn{nwl s lxn{nwl oen{ws di{ j{i|xs zbweb` ri|{ gnwn.

Lunaxml 6Wel oiaxn`r ri| zi{c di{ an`|dnow|{ls alwnm kiiconsls. G|{b`j db`nm b`sxlowbi`- n ol{wnb` `|akl{ id kiiconsls n{l {lflowlg g|l wi so{nwoels- oebxs- kl`gs- i{ gl`ws. Ri| zn`w wi ancl n Xn{lwi oen{w wi sll zeboe gldlow bs on|sb`j aisw id ri|{ x{ikmlas. Db{sw ri| oi|`w wel `|akl{ id wbals lnoe gldlow ioo|{{lg- wel` ri| l`wl{ wel `nal id wel gldlow lnoe wbal bw ioo|{s b`wi n zi{csellw oim|a` onmmlg Gnanjl.

Gldb`l


Gnanj nanjl

Oi|`ws

_ o{nwo e _ o{nwo e Kl`g Oebx Gl`w _ o{nwo e Oebx _ o{nwo e

;:7 <2 >2 7? 7 5 4 >8

• Oeiisl _wnw 0 ^|nmbwr Wiims 0 Xn{lwi Oen{w. • Oeiisl Oen{w gldlows gnwn b` n`g l`wl{ Gnanjl. Omboc IC IC.. J{nxe zb`giz i|wx|w

Gldb`l


X{iolss Anxxb`j • X{iolss anxxb`j bs |slg wi gio|al`w x{iolss wi lunab`l xn{w n`g b`di{anwbi` dmiz. • Bw bs n clr wiim b` bgl`wbdrb`j ixxi{w|`bwbls di{ bax{itlal`w. Wel X{iolss Anxxb`j Alweig

• Gldb`l wel X{iolss ki|`gn{r. %Jl`l{nm n{ln i{ sxlobdbo x{iolss ri| b`wl`g wi bax{itl" • K{nb`swi{a n`g i{gl{ x{iolss swlxs zbwe ri|{ wlna. • Oigl nowbtbwbls |sb`j srakims di{ lnsr n`nmrsbs. • Znmc we{i|je wel x{iolss wi tnmbgnwl anx. • Ngg clr x{iolss alw{bos ! rblmg- oisws- {immlg we{i|jex|w rblmg- so{nx- itl{wbal '- onxnobwr- ,soelg|ml- ,IWG • N`nmrvl anx di{ clr k|sb`lss bss|ls !oi|mg kl b` wel n{lns id 6 ! X{iolss miss i{ znswl ! Oroml wbal bax{itlal`ws ! ^|nmbwr bax{itlal`ws ! Dmiz bax{itlal`ws

Gldb`l


X{iolss Anxxb`j On{ _eix n{{btnm

Miic n{i|`g web{g on{

SluQ Tleboml X|{oensb`j Allwb`j _nmlsan`

_anmm Wnmc

Miic n{i|`g sloi`g on{

@i W{bnm _eix n{i|`g G{btb`j9 di{ nìwel{ seix Rls

[lolbtl clr n`g Wnj

Miic n{i|`g db{sw on{

W{bnm G{btb`j

@i Zelwel{ ri| k|r i{ ìw9

Ixl{nwbi`

Rls

Globgl wi k|r

[ltblz wel snmls an`njl{ Globsbi`

Globgl Oi`w{now Tnm|l

Globgl wel X{bol

Zelwel{ ri| @i x|{oensl nìwel{ i{ ìw9 Rls

Glmnr

alns|{lal`w

Tbsbw nìwel{ on{ seix

_wi{njl

@i Globgl wi k|r

[ltblz wel snmls an`njl{

Globgl wel x{bol

Jlw n min`

O{lgbw oeloc

_wn`g kr di{ n min`

Rls [lnsi`nkml x{bol9

G{btl wel `lz on{

Ancl i|w db`nm oi`w{now

zW{n`sabssbi`

Gldb`l


X{iolss Anxxb`j

SluQ [ld{bjl{nwi{ ! [> Mb`l [immlg We{i|jex|w Rblmg Gii{ Nss‒r 52.:,

G)Xmnwl xmnwl)xnb`w 22.8,

G)Mb`l{ luw{|sbi`)aimg 22.:,

22.4,

Gii{ di{ab`j 2?.7,

Gii{ nsslakmr 2:.?,

5>.8,

Onsl di{ab`j

B)Onsl luw{|sbi`)aimg

Oroml

nsslakmr 5?.5,

2:.:,

D{i`w ! OW^- M xnb`wb`j

I)Onsl- K)Xmnwl

22.;,

2>.:,

MÔ $ nxxln{nòl 24.<,

Onsl Nss‒r :?.7,

I|wx|w

[immlg Wei|je x|w Rblmg 1 :?.7, ▻ Onsl

Ú 52.:, Ú2:.:, Ú 5?.5,Ú ▻ Gii{

▻ Oroml

▻ nsslakmr

24.<, 1 <;.8, ▻ MÔ$ nxxln{nòl nxxln{nò l

Gldb`l


Mijbo W{ll %_w{|ow|{l W{ll" • \slg wi k{lnc giz` x{ikmla b`wi an`njlnkml j{i|xs wi bgl`wbdr {iiw on|sl i{ n{ln id dio|s. • K{lncgiz` wel x{ikmla i` wel knsl id ALOL

! ALOL ! A|w|nmmr Luom|sbtl Oimmlowbtlmr Luen|swbtl A|w|nmmr Luom|sbtl 6 Zel` n X{ikmla bs k{icl` b`wi d|{wel{ s|k xn{ws wel{l sei|mg ìw kl n`rweb`j oiaai` nai`j wel dnowi{s. Oimmlowbtlmr Luen|swbtl 6 Nmsi wel{l w el{l sei|mg kl ìweb`j mldw wi {lx{lsl`w wel Anb` dnowi{ Zer

Lmlow{ianj`lwbo

Mnab`nwbi` Zer

[iwi{ L`g{b`js

[XA

Missls B`g|ownòl

Aloen`bonm

IG

N{ln N

Oi{l ml`jwe

_wnwi{ N{ln K

Nsslakmr 4Ϗ bs n cb`g id wrxl zeboe on` bax{itl wel x{ikmla %[XA" kr x{nowbob`j bax{itlal`w nowbtbwr di{ wel mizl{ mltlm gbsxmnrlg b` wel mi`j {|`

Gldb`l


< Zer N`nmrsbs 6 Dbtl Zer n`nmrsbs bs gi`l wi glwl{ab`l wel {iiw on|sl id wel

X{ikmla . Bw bs n cb`g id k{nb`swi{ab`j wi {lnoe wel {iiw on|sl id wel w el X{ikmla. Bw bs Iksl{tlg wenw kr wel wbal ri| n{{btl nw wel
Gldb`l

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan [immlg We{i|jex|w Rlbmg

[WR 6 [immlg we{i|jex|w Rlbmg 6 Bw bs wel X{iknkbmbwr wenw wel x{ig|ow zbmm xnss we{i|je nmm wel swnjls zbwei|w n`r {lflowbi` ) {lzi{c. [WR bs onmo|mnwlg kr onmo|mnwb`j wel RDW‒s id B`gbtbg|nm swnjls.

[WR 1 RDW> & RDW; &

․․․ RDW` ․․․ RDW

-

zel{l RDW‒s n{l wel Db{sw wbal rblmgs id wel B`gbtbg|nm _wnjls)X{iolss oi``lowlg b` sl{bls.

R@N 1 @i{anmbvlg Rblmg 1 % [WR id wel mb`l ">)ì. id swnjls b` Mb`l R@N jbtls wel ntl{njl rblmg id mb`l . Webs bs |slg wi onmo|mnwl zel` zl entl wi oiaxn{l wel xl{di{anòl id wzi mb`ls i` wel knsbs id [WR.

Gldb`l


[WR bs wel x{iknkbmbwr id jib`j we{i|je nmm wel x{iolssls zbwe vl{i!gldlow wel db{sw wbal . Nmsi- bw x{itbgls n` b`gbonwbi` id ixxi{w|`bwbls wi {lg|ol wel znswl. Jinm

B`x|w !X{iolss >6 %Noolxwnòl! {nwl622.8,"

Wn{jlw

!X{iolss ; %2;.8," !X{iolss ? %2:.8,"

Db`nm B`sx`. %2:.8,"

\`!oi`w{immlg Miss

Wiwnm X{iolss Gldlow!{nwl

Itl{nmm x{iolss‒s gldlow- a)o w{i|kml- @i zi{c-M)K-Aiglm Oen`jl Miss-@i`!tnm|l ngglg zi{c

Wiim

4 _bjan

Nowbtbwr

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[WR 1 8.22Ú8.2;Ú8.2:Ú8.2:1 5<.: , & [WR 6 [immlg We{i|jex|w Rblmg

Wi bò{lnsl x{ig|owbtbwr we{i|je ^|nmbwr Bax{itlal`w

Wi bax{itl nmm wel ebggl` gldlows id nmm wel x{iolssls

Gldb`l

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan Rblmg Db{sw Wbal >888

Xnb`wlg Oiaxi`l`ws

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[lzi{c $ Xnss!i` % Xnb`w Wi|oe |x"

Gldb`l


Db{sw Wbal Rblmg

RDW 1 _)\ RDW 1 Db{sw Wbal Rblmg _ 1 @i. id |`bws wenw xnss wel db{sw wbal \ 1 @i. id |`bws wlswlg

RDW jbtls wel x{iknkbmbwr id jib`j we{i|je i`l x{iolss zbwe vl{i gldlows.

[immlg We{i|jex|w Rblmg

R[W 1 RDW> u RDW; u RDW? R[W

1 [immlg We{i|jex|w rblmg RDW>-RDW;-․ 1 Db{sw Wbal Rblmg id lnoe x{iolss

•R[W jbtls wel x{iknkbmbwr id jib`j we{i|je nmm wel x{iolssls zbwe vl{i gldlows b` wel db{sw wbal. •R[W x{itbgls n` b`gbonwbi` id ixxi{w|`bwbls wi {lg|ol znswl.

@i{anmbslg Rblmg

R @N 1 %R[W"&&>)Ixx R @N 1 @i{anmbvlg Rblmg Ixx 1 @|akl{ id ixxi{w|`bwbls

•R@N |s ntl{njl rblmg id x{iolssls. •R@N nmmizs di{ onmo|mnwbi` id V tnm|l id x{iolssls. •R@N nmmizs di{ oiaxn{bsi` klwzll` x{iolssls.

Gldb`l ^DG 6

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan ^|nmbwr D|òwbi` Glxmiral`w % Zenw O|swial{ Zn`ws "

Bw bs gldb`lg b` wzi swlxs 6 n" Oi`tl{wb`j o|swial{‒s Tibol b`wi L`jb`ll{s Tibol k" Oi`tl{wb`j L`jb`ll{s tibol b`wi Wloe`bonm OW^‒s $ OWX‒s

^DG bs wiim zeboe bs |slg wi jl`l{nwl gnwn b` wel di{a id wncb`j dllgknoc d{ia wel o|swial{ we{i|je ~|nmbwr anw{bu- oi`tl{wb`j weisl {l~|b{lal`ws b`wi Wloe oen`jls b` wel X{iolss we{i|je ^|nmbwr Anw{bu. • Bgl`wbdr clr oi`s|al{ o|ls kr {ltblzb`j an{clw- {lmbnkbmbwr {lmbnkbmbw r {l~|b{lal`ws- jl`l{nm {l~|b{lal`ws n`g o|{{l`w ~|nmbwr bss|ls. • [n`c o|ls kr baxi{wnòl n`g w{n`smnwl wela b`wi wloe`bonm sxlobdbonwbi`s {l~|b{lg wi allw o|swial{ o|ls. [n`c wloe`bonm sxlobdbonwbi`s kr baxnow i` o|swial{ o|ls n`g w{n`smnwl wela b`wi xiwl`wbnm xn{w oen{nowl{bswbos%OW^‒_". • [n`c xn{w oen{nowl{bswbos kr baxnow i` allwb`j wloe`bonm sxlobdbonwbi`s%OW^‒_" ^DG w{n`smnwls wel Tibol id wel Oi`s|al{ b`wi wel Tibol id wel L`jb`ll{.

Gldb`l


^DG 6 _|k X{iolss > 6 Wi Oi`tl{w Oi`s|al{‒s Tibol b`wi L`jb`ll{‒s Tibol

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Xiwl`wbnm OWX*s $ OW^*s ` i b w n o b d b o l x _ x a i O l o b i T s * { l l ` b j ` L

j ` b w n [ Z C

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Gldb`l


DALN 6 Dnbm|{l Aigl Lddlow Ld dlow N`nmrsbs % Zenw O|swial{ Gils`‒w zn`w " zn`w " Bw jbtls ri| xissbkml {lnsi`s b` zeboe n jbtl` X{iolss ) Glsbj` id xn{w id n X{ig|ow on` Dnbm. Wi ltl{r Dnbm|{l Aigl zl nssiobnwl [X@ @|akl{ [X@ 6 [bsc X{bi{bwr @|akl{ 1 _ltl{bwr & Ioo|{{lòl Ioo|{{lòl & glwlowbi` [nwb`j _onml _ltl{bwr

%> p >8"

%> p >8"

%> p >8"

> 6 Bd wel X{ikmla bs Mlss _ltl{l >8 6 Bd wel X{ikmla bs Mbdl We{lnwl`b`j.

Ioo|{{lòl

> 6 Bd wel X{ikmla ens oenòls id mlss ioo|{{lòl >8 6 Bd wel X{ikmla ens ai{l oenòls id ioo|{{lòl

Glwlowbi`

> 6 Bd wel X{ikmla bs lnsbmr glwlownkml. >8 6 Bd bw bs gbddbo|mw wi mionwl)glwlow wel X{ikmla

DALN bs |slg wi x{inowbtlmr bgl`wbdr n`g {n`c {bscs b` n x{ig|ow glsbj` n`g nssbj` nxx{ix{bnwl nowbi`s wi kl wncl` wi x{ltl`w x{ltl`w wel dnbm|{l aigl.

Gldb`l


DALN X{iolss

• K{nb`swi{a xiwl`wbnm dnbm|{ls id wel x{ig|ow glsbj`. • Nssbj` sltl{bwr sltl{bwr n`g x{iknkbmbwr %mbclmbeiig %mbclmbe iig id ioo|{{lòl" {nwb`js wi lnoe xiwl`wbnm dnbm|{l aigl.

• Glwl{ab`l lubswb`j oi`w{im alns|{ls klb`j wncl` wi lmbab`nwl sbj`bdbon`w dnbm|{l aigls.

• Gltlmix nowbi`s wi kl wncl` wi lmbab`nwl i{ {lg|ol {bsc i` nmm {lanb`b`j sbj`bdbon`w dnbm|{l aigls.

Gldb`l


K{nb`swi{ab`j 6 Bw bs Gbso|ssbi` Gbso|ss bi` nai`j wel X{iolss Luxl{ws.Wel knsbo {|ml id

k{nb`swi{ab`j bs ì bglns n{l o{bwbobvlg. K{nb`swi{ab`j bs id we{ll Wrxls 6 n" D{llzellm k" [i|`g [ikb` o" On{g Alweig

B` D{llzellmb`j wrxl id k{nb`swi{ab`j- ltl{rkigr xn{wbobxnwls b` wel sba|mwn`li|s gbso|ssbi` B` [i|`g [ikb` wrxl id k{nb`swi{ab`j lnoe B`gbtbg|nm b` wel j{i|x bs jbtl` n oenòl wi jbtl ebs ixb`bi` B` On{g wrxl alweig wel B`gbtbg|nms z{bwl welb{ Bglns i` wel On{g

Alns|{l


Alns|{l Xensl • Jnjl [ $ [ • Wrxls id _naxmb`j • X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr • Di|{ Kmioc Gbnj{na

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Alns|{l


_bu _bjan bs knslg i` wel alns|{lg gnwn. Wel{l zbmm kl |`dnti{nkml oi`sl~|lòls d{ia n`nmrsbs |sb`j swnwbswbonm wiim bd zl entl n x{ikmla zbwe alns|{b`j srswla. Zenw‒s ai{l- wel x{iolss jlws zi{sl- wel` luxl{bal`w zbmm l`g |x b` dnbm|{l. Wel{ldi{l- zl gi klwwl{ slo|{l oi{{low alns|{lal`w srswla kldi{l wel x{iflow.

Itl{nmm Tn{bnwbi`

Xn{w wi Xn{w Tn{bnwbi`

Alns|{lal`w _rswla Tn{bnwbi`

Tn{bnwbi` g|l wi jnjl [lxlnwnkbmbwr

Tn{bnwbi` g|l wi Ixl{nwi{ [lx{ig|obkbmbwr Ixl{nwi{

Ixl{nwi{ kr Xn{w

Jnjl [ $ [ ! B`w{ig|owbi`


Ϗ;Wiwnm 1 Ϗ;Xn{w!Xn{w # Ϗ;[$[ Wiwnm tn{bnwbi`

Tn{bnwbi` g|l wi gbddl{lòls nai`j wel xn{ws.

Alns|{lal`w l{{i{ tn{bnwbi`

Ϗ;[$[ 1 Ϗ;[lxlnwbkbmbwr # Ϗ;[lx{ig|obkbmbwr Alns|{lal`w l{{i{ tn{bnwbi`

Tn{bnwbi` g|l wi Jnjl

Tn{bnwbi` g|l wi Ixl{nwi{

Jnjl [ $ [ ! B`w{ig|owbi`


Zenw bs Jnjl [$[ Jnjl [ $ [ bs Jnjl [lxlnwnkbmbwr $ [lx{ig|obkbmbwr. [lx{ig|obkbmbwr. ◄ [lxlnwnkbmbwr 1 LT%L~|bxal`w Tn{bnwbi`" Bw bs wel tn{bnwbi` iksl{tlg b` wel srswla zel` i`l Ixl{nwi{ alns|{ls wel snal xn{w wzbol |sb`j wel snal jnjl. [lxlnwnkbmbwr bs wel w el tn{bnwbi` g|l wi l~|bxal`w tn{bnwbi`. Lunaxml 6 Oi`sbgl{ i`l Ixl{nwi{ Ixl{nwi{ zei s|oolssbtlmr alns|{ls wel Weboc`lss id xnb`w oinwb`j i` [ld M)[ xn{w |sb`j wel snal jn|jl. [lngb`j > 1 >;.< - [lngb`j ; 1 >;.8 - Gbddl{lòl 1 8.< - tn{bnwbi` g|l wi Jnjl %[lxlnwnkbmbwr" % [lxlnwnkbmbwr" ◄ [lx{ig|obkbmbwr 1 NT%Nxx{nbsl{ Tn{bnwbi`" Bw bs wel tn{bnwbi` tn{bnwb i` iksl{tlg b` wel srswla zel` wzi gbddl{l`w ixl{nwi{s alns|{ls wel snal xn{w |sb`j wel snal jnjl. [lx{ig|obkbmbwr bs wel tn{bnwbi` g|l wi oen`jl b` ixl{nwi{. Lunaxml 6 Oi`sbgl{ wzi Ixl{nwi{s zei s|oolssbtlmr alns|{ls wel Weboc`lss id id xnb`w oinwb`j i` snal [ld M)[ xn{w |sb`j wel snal jn|jl. Ixl{nwi{ > 1 >7.5 - Ixl{nwi{ ; 1 >7.; - Gbddl{lòl 1 8.4 - tn{bnwbi` g|l wi Ixl{nwi{ %[lx{ig|obkbmbwr "

Wiwnm Jnjl [$[ 1

L.T; #N.T;

Jnjl [ $[ ! Mi`j _w|gr Alweig

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan [lxlnwnkbmbwr 6 ”Jlwwb`j oi`sbswl`w {ls|mws‑

[lxlnwnkbmbwr 9 Tn{bnwbi` iksl{tlg zbwe i`l alns|{lal`w gltbol zel` |slg sltl{nm wbals kr i`l ixl{nwi{ zebml alns|{b`j wel bgl`wbonm oen{nowl{bswbo i` wel snal xn{ws. ☐

Alns|{l)[l!alns|{l tn{bnwbi`

[lx{ig|obkbmbwr 9 Tn{bnwbi` ikwnb`lg d{ia gbddl{l`w ixl{nwi{s |sb`j wel snal gltbol zel` alns|{b`j wel bgl`wbonm oen{nowl{bswbo i` wel snal xn{ws.

Ixl{nwi{ K Ixl{nwi{ O

Ixl{nwi{ N

[lx{ig|obkbmbwr

Jnjl [ $ [ ! X|{xisl


Jnjl [$[ • Jnjl [ $ [ bs |slg wi l`s|{l wenw wel alns|{lg gnwn |slg

di{ swnwbswbonm wlsws bs tnmbg.

• _lmlowbi` id wel aisw nxx{ix{bnwl jnjl di{ wel wnsc. • Zel` zl zn`w wi oiaxn{l wel xl{di{anòl id lnoe Jnjl. • Zel` zl zn`w wi luom|gl wel w el Jnjl l{{i{ d{ia {ls|mws. • Anb`wl`nòl id alns|{lal`w srswla % Onmbk{nwbi` " • Di{ alns|{lal`w w{nb`b`j di{ lubswb`j n`g @lz _wndd.

Alns|{l p Jnjl [ $ [


Wzi wrxls id Jnjl [$[ _w|gr ◄ _ei{w sw|gr alweig

• [l~|b{ls ab`ba|a ; ixl{nwi{s n`g ab`ba|a < xn{ws zbwe lnoe xn{w alns|{lg nw mlnsw iòl. • Webs alweig on`w slxn{nwl wel wiwnm tn{bnwbi` Iksl{tlg we{i|je Jnjl [ $[ b`wi {lxlnwnkbmbwr $ {lx{ig|obkbmbwr • Xl{abws sxllgr noolxwnòl di{ ngnxwb`j Jn|jl. ◄ Mi`j sw|gr alweig

• [l~|b{ls ab`ba|a ; Ixl{nwi{s- ab`ba|a >8 xn{ws zbwe lnoe xn{w alns|{lg nw mlnsw wzbol. • Webs alweig on` gbtbgl wel wiwnm tn{bnwbi` iksl{tlg b` wel srswla we{i|je w e{i|je Jnjl [ $ [ b`wi {lxlnwnkbmbwr {lxlnwnkbmbwr $ {lx{ig|obkbmbwr{lx{ig|obkbmbwr- si wenw zl on` on` jlw wi cìz zenw zl entl wi bax{itl Ixl{nwi{ i{ Jnjl

Jnjl [ $ [ p _ei{w _w|gr

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan _ei{w _w|gr Alweig

Lunaxml 6 Wel elbjew id n oiaxi`l`w ens sxlobdbonwbi`s jbtl` kr <.8 ¾ 8.<. %wiml{nòl 1 >.8 " _im|wbi` 6 Wel Alns|{lal`ws wncl` kr wel wel wzi Ixl{nwi{s di{ wel Dbtl Xn{ws n{l mbswlg klmiz Xn{w n{w Ixl{nw l{nwi i{ > Ixl{nw l{nwi i{ ; [n`j n`jls %>!;" >

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•Jn|jl [ $ [ ns , id Wiml{nòl 1 %8.?747 u >88" )>.8 1 ?7.47 ,

Jn|jl L{{i{ bs onmo|mnwlg kr a|mwbxmrb`j wel ntl{njl {n`jl kr n oi`swn`w g % wi kl wncl` d{ia wel Wnkml "

Jnjl [ $ [ p _ei{w _w|gr


g& tnm|ls di{ gbsw{bk|wbi` id wel ntl{njl {n`jl

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Jnjl [ $ [ p J|bglmb`ls


X{l [l~|bsbwls di{ Jnjl [ $ [ ☌

Kmb`g Wlsw 6

• Wel Ixl{nwi{ sei|mg ìw kl nzn{l wenw Jnjl [$[ bs jib`j I`. • Wel X{ltbi|s [lngb`js sei|mg ìw kl oi`tlrlg zebml wncb`j @luw [lngb`j. ☌

Jnjl slmlowbi`%[lsim|wbi`"

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B`wl`wbi`nm _naxmb`j 6

• Wel snaxmls a|sw ìw kl {n`giamr slmlowlg- wel snaxmb`j a|sw kl x{iollglg kr n xmn`- si wel wiwnm {n`jl id tn{bnwbi` n`g sxlobdbonwbi` n{l oitl{lg. • Aisw tnm|ls sei|mg mbl `ln{ wel M_M)\_M - klon|sl wel oenòls id gbso{lxnòr n{l ai{l `ln{ welsl mbabws

Jnjl [ $[ p Mi`j _w|gr Alweig


N` noolxwnkml tnm|l di{ n Jnjl [$[ _w|gr %Oi`wb`|is Gnwn ! " ≧ ;8,

, _w|gr Tn{bnwbi` $ , _w|gr Wiml{nòl

;8, wi ;2, ≬ ?8,

6 Noolxwnkml 6 Oi`gbwbi`n Oi`gbwbi`nmm 6 \`noolxwnkml

N` bax{itlal`w xmn` wi mizl{ wel jn|jl [$[ tn{bnwbi` sei|mg kl baxmlal`wlg. Bd wel{l bs ì bax{itlal`w - oi`sbgl{nwbi` sei|mg kl angl di{ wel {bscs nssiobnwlg zbwe ebje Jn|jl [ $[

@|akl{ id Gbswbòw Onwlji{bls X Tnm|l id wel Ixl{nwi{ & Xn{w

07 0 8.;<


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Mi`j sw|gr alweig %|sb`j Ab`bwnk" , _w|gr Tn{bnwbi` = ;8 , n`g , _w|gr _i|{ol

Tn{Oiax

%id Tn{Oiax"

Wiwnm Jnjl [$[

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_w|gr Tn{

,_w|gr Tn{

,Wiml{nòl

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_i|{ol Wiwnm Jnjl [$[

Di{ Jnjl [$[ wi kl noolxwnkml- `|akl{ id gbswbòw onwlji{bls 0 7 @|akl{ id Gbswbòw Onwlji{bls 1 2



& >88

Jnjl [$[

, _w|gr Tn{bnwbi` 1 wiwnm tn{bnwbi`

, _w|gr Wiml{nòl 1 4.8 &

Jnjl [$[

& >88

wiwnm tn{bnwbi`

Jnjl [ $ [% @lswlg " 6 \slg di{ Glsw{|owbtl Wlswb`j Jnjl [ $ [ %@lswlg " bs |slg zel` lnoe xn{w bs alns|{lg iòl i`mr ns zel` alns|{b`j.

Lu. Wel wi{~|l {lmlnsl id n kimw g|{b`j Ô snaxmb`j- zl on`ìw alns|{l njnb`

Jnjl [ $[ ! Mi`j _w|gr Alweig Noo|{nor 9

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan W{|l %[ldl{lòl" tnm|l

Wel glj{ll id nj{llal`w id wel alns|{lg tnm|l wi wel w{|l anj`bw|gl a nj`bw|gl %|`kbnslg tnm|ls". %Noo|{nor bs wrxbonmmr lux{lsslg ns >!,Kbns"

_wnkbmbwr 9

Noo|{nor

& _lwwb`j n w{|l tnm|l bs n i`l wenw bs alns|{lg kr wel aisw noo|{nwl alns|{b`j gltbol.

Iksl{tlg ntl{njl Wbal >

_wnkbmbwr bs wel wiwnm tn{bnwbi` b` wel alns|{lal`ws ikwnb`lg zbwe n alns|{lal`w srswla i` wel snal answl{ i{ {ldl{lòl tnm|l zel` alns|{b`j wel snal oen{nowl{bswbo itl{ n` luwl`glg wbal xl{big. _wnkbmbwr Wbal ;

Kbns 6 Bw bs n alns|{l id wel gbswnòl klwzll` wel ntl{njl tnm|l wel

alns|{lal`ws n`g wel +W{|l+ i{ +Now|nm+ tnm|l id wel snaxml i{ xn{w. xn{w.


Mb`ln{bwr 9


M_M

\_M

Now|nm tnm|ls

Mb`ln{bwr bs wel gbddl{lòl b` wel kbns tnm|ls we{i|jei|w wel luxlowlg ixl{nwb`j {n`jl id wel jnjl. %Jnjl bs mlss noo|{nwl nw wel miz l`g id sxlobdbonwbi` i{ ixl{nwb`j {n`jl wen` nw wel ebje l`g".

Now|nm tnm|ls

%@i Kbns" [ldl{lòl tnm|l

[ldl{lòl tnm|ls

Mn{jl{ Kbns

_anmm Kbns

Alns|{l ! 7 Kmioc Gbnj{na Kmioc Gbnj{na


Xii{

;.< ;.8 Vsebdw %X{iolss Oi`w{im"

N

K

O

G

>.< >.8 8.<

Jiig Xii{

>

;

?

7 < V.sw %X{iolss Wloeìmijr "

N 6 Xii{ oi`w{im- xii{ wloeìmijr K 6 A|sw oi`w{im wel x{iolss klwwl{- wloeìmijr bs db`l O 6 X{iolss oi`w{im bs jiig- xii{ wloeìmijr G 6 Zi{mg Omnss

4

Jiig

Jnjl [ $ [ ! Gbso{llw Gnwn


X{l![l~|bsbwls Jnjl [ $ [ %gbso{llw gnwn" • Wel Ab`ba|a @|akl{ id _naxmls sei|mg kl nw mlnsw ;8 • Ab`ba|a @|akl{ id Ixl{nwi{s sei|mg kl nw mlnsw ; • Lnoe Ixl{nwi{ a|sw wncl nw mlnsw wzi {lngb`js id lnoe Xn{w. Noolxwnkbmbwr id Jnjl [ $ [ %gbso{llw gnwn"

• , Jnjl [ $ [ sei|mg kl mlss wen` < ,

Jnjl [ $ [ ! Gbso{llw Gnwn


Jnjl [ $ [ %gbso{llw gnwn" Tbs|nm B`sxlowbi` Jnjl _w|gr

s l m x a n _ 5 >

> ; ? 7 < 4 : 5 2 >8 >> >; >? >7 >< >4 >: >5

Nxx{nb xx{nbs sl{ +N+ +N+ > ; J J J J @J J @J @J J J J J @J @J @J @J J J J J J J J J J @J J J J J J J J J J J

Nxx{nb xx{nbs sl{ +K+ +K+ > ; J J J J J J @J @J J J J J @J @J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J J

>2 ;8

@J J

@J J

@J J

@J J

•Wel jnjl bs noolxwnkml bd kiwe wel Nxx{nbsl{s %di|{ xl{ xn{w" nj{ll..

• , Jnjl [$[ 1 @i. id Gbsnj{llal`ws )Wiwnm Ixxi{w|`bwbls U>88 1 ? ) ;8 u >88, 1 ><,

• Bd wel {ls|mws id oelocl{s n{l gbddl{l`wwel jnjl

• a|sw kl bax{itlg n`g {l!ltnm|nwlg. • Bd wel jnjl on`ìw kl bax{itlg- bw bs |`noolxwnkml n`g n` nmwl{`nwl alns|{lal`w srswla sei|mg kl di|`g.

Jnjl [ $ [ ! Baxi{wnòl


D{ia wel Jn|jl [ $ [ _w|gr zl on` glwl{ab`l wel Dimmizb`j •

6

Jnjl {lsim|wbi` bs ngl~|nwl.

• Wel Alns|{lal`w _rswla bs swnkml itl{ wbal. • Wel alns|{lal`w srswla l{{i{ bs sanmm lì|je n`g noolxwnkml lì|je {lmltn`w wi wel x{iolss tn{bnwbi` i{ _xlobdbonwbi` Jnjl [ $ [ B`gbonwls wenw zelwel{ wel Alns|{lal`w _rswla bs jiig lì|je di{ wel oimmlowbi` id Gnwn.

Alns|{l ! Onxnkbmbwr N`nmrsbs N`nmrsbs


Onxnkbmbwr n`nmrsbs bs n slw id onmo|mnwbi`s |slg wi nsslss zelwel{ n srswla bs swnwbswbonmmr nkml wi allw n slw id sxlobdbonwbi`s i{ {l~|b{lal`ws. _xlobdbonwbi`s i{ {l~|b{lal`ws n{l wel `|al{bonm tnm|ls zbweb` zeboe wel srswla bs luxlowlg wi ixl{nwl- wenw bs- wel ab`ba|a n`g anuba|a noolxwnkml tnm|ls. _xlobdbonwbi`s n{l `|al{bonm {l~|b{lal`ws- jinms- nbas- i{ swn`gn{gs.

Alns|{l


Ox 1 _xlobdbonwbi` Zbgwe X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr

Ox

1

Ox 1 X{ig|ow _xlobdbonwbi` Oxc An`|dnow|{b`j Tn{bnkbmbwr Tn{bnkbmbwr c 1

W!¼ \_M ! M_M ;

\_M!! M_M 4Ϗzbweb` 1 Ox %c!>"

OX\ 1 \_M ! U

?Ϗzbweb`

OXM 1 U ! M_M

?Ϗzbweb`

X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr % O x " bs wel Wiml{nòl zbgwe b` [lmnwbi` wi wel x{iolss onxnkbmbwr- lux{lsslg ns wel klsw sei{w Wl{a xl{di{anòl. Wncls ì nooi|`w id wel x{iolss ol`wl{b`j.

Onxnkbmbwr B`glu %O xc " nooi|`ws di{ wel x{iolss ol`wl{b`j. Oi`sbgl{s

snaxml gnwn tn{bnwbi` $ mionwbi` sba|mwn`li|smr.

Alns|{l ! Ol`w{nm Mbabw Weli{la


Ol`w{nm mbabw weli{la swnwls wenw ns wel snaxml sbvl bò{lnsls- wel snaxmb`j gbsw{bk|wbi` id wel aln` zbmm nxx{inoe ì{anmbwr. _wnwbswbobn`s |sl wel ì{anm gbsw{bk|wbi` ns n` nxx{iubanwbi` wi wel snaxmb`j gbsw{bk|wbi`- zel`ltl{ wel snaxml sbvl bs nw mlnsw ?8. _LA 6 _wn`gn{g L{{i{ id Aln` _wn`gn{g l{{i{ id aln` jbtls wel gbddl{lòl klwzll` wel swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` id Xix|mnwbi` $ _wn`gn{g gltbnwbi` id snaxml. & A L _

_LA 1 Ϗ x %`">);

_wn`gn{g gltbnwbi` id Xix|mnwbi` _naxml _bvl

`15

`1?8 _naxml _bvl

Alns|{l ! Ol`w{nm Mbabw Weli{la


D{ia wel j{nxe seiz` i` wel x{ltbi|s smbgl- bw bs ltbgl`w wenw di{ snaxml sbvl ?8 wel gbddl{lòl klwzll` wel swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`s id snaxml n`g xix|mnwbi` bs tl{r mlss. Ltl` wei|je webs gbddl{lòl {lg|ols d|{wel{ kr bò{lnsb`j snaxml sbvl- k|w webs {lg|owbi` bs `ljmbjbkml. Elòl zebml snaxmb`j- snaxml sbvl id ?8 bs oi`sbgl{lg ns wel bgml snaxml sbvl.

_naxml _bvl

Gbddl{lòl k)w _wn`gn{g gltbnwbi` id Xix|mnwbi` n`g _naxml

• Mlss wen` 5

ebje tn{bnwbi`

• Klwzll` 5 p ?8

Aigl{nwl Tn{bnwbi`

• ?8 $ nkitl

Ab`ba|a Tn{bnwbi`

Ns wel snaxml sbvl bò{lnsls- nkitl 5 snaxmls wel gbddl{lòl klwzll` swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` id Xix|mnwbi` $ snaxml {lg|ols g{nswbonmmr. Nw snaxml sbvl ?8 wel gbddl{lòl bs ab`ba|a n`g bw {lanb`s oi`swn`w $ klri`g ?8 bw {lanb`s oi`swn`w.- si wel o|{tl mb`l {lx{lsl`wb`j wel gbddl{lòl kloials xn{nmmlm wi U!nubs.

Alns|{l ! _naxmb`j


Wrxls id _naxmb`j >." [n`gia _naxmb`j 6 B` webs wrxl id _naxmb`j lnoe gnwn xib`w id wel Xix|mnwbi` ens n` l~|nm oenòl) X{iknkbmbwr id klb`j slmlowlg. Lunaxml 6 G|{b`j wel g{nz id miwwl{r wboclws lnoe $ ltl{r miwwl{r wboclw `|akl{ ens n` l~|nm oenòl id zb``b`j wel X{bvl. ;." _w{nwbdblg _naxmb`j 6 B` webs wrxl id _naxmb`j - wel s|k j{i|x wncl` di{ snaxmb`j ens gnwn xib`ws id snal wrxl. Lunaxml 6 Di{ glwl{ab`b`j wel ^|nmbwr id Diig b` wel On`wll`- bd zl wncl wel _naxml j{i|x b` zeboe nmm _|xl{tbsi{s)Ixl{nwi{s)An`njl{s _|xl{tbsi{s)Ixl{nwi{s)An`njl {s n{l wel{l- wel` wel gbddl{lòl b` wel tn{bnwbi` id wnswl zbweb` wel s|k j{i|x zi|mg kl ab`ba|a k|w nai`j wel _|k j{i|xs zi|mg kl anuba|a. ?" Om|swl{lg _naxmb`j 6 B` webs wrxl id _naxmb`j-lnoe $ ltl{r wrxl id gnwn xib`w x{lsl`w b` wel xix|mnwbi` zi|mg kl oitl{lg b` wel _naxml. Lunaxml 6 B` wel nkitl lunaxml bd wncl wel snaxml b` s|oe n znr wenw b` wel s|kj{i|x ixl{nwi{- s|xl{tbsi{ n`g an`njl{ n{l wncl` si wel gbddl{lòl b` wel wnswl zi|mg kl anuba|a zbweb` wel s|k j{i|x n`g ab`ba|a nai`j wel s|kj{i|x.

Alns|{l


KMNOC @IB_L %_bj`nm" [NWBI@NM L _ @ I X _ L [ _ _ L O I [ X

_\KJ[I\X_ ZEBWL @IB_L %Oiaai` On|sl tn{bnwbi`"

WBAL

Alns|{l


Zebwl @ibsl • Zebwl ìbsl {lx{lsl`ws wel tn{bnwbi` x{lsl`w b` ltl{r x{iolss. Nmsi cìz` ns oiaai` on|sl tn{bnwbi` • Bw bs ìw oi`w{immnkml tn{bnwbi` zbweb` wel lubswb`j wloeìmijr. • [lx{lsl`ws wenw klsw wel x{iolss on` kl zbwe wel x{lsl`w wloeìmijr%Bèl{l`w x{iolss onxnkbmbwr".

Kmnoc @ibsl • Kmnoc @ibsl {lx{lsl`ws wel i|wsbgl b`dm|lòls i` n x{iolss wenw on|sl ntl{njl wi sebdw n`g g{bdw. Nmsi cìz` cìz` ns _xlobnm _xlobnm On|sl On|sl i{ nssbj`nkml nssbj`nkml on|sl on|sl tn{bnwbi`. tn{bnwbi`. • Bw bs xiwl`wbnmmr oi`w{immnkml tn{bnwbi` zbwe wel lubswb`j x{iolss wloeìmijr. • Bw {lx{lsl`ws eiz wel x{iolss bs now|nmmr xl{di{ab`j itl{ wbal%_|swnb`lg x{iolss onxnkbmbwr".

Alns|{l


D{ia n swnwbswbos xl{sxlowbtl- Wel{l n{l i`mr wzi wz i x{ikmlas.

X{ikmla zbwe _x{lng

X{ikmla zbwe Ol`wl{b`j Glsb{lg

Glsb{lg

O|{{l`w sbw|nwbi`

O|{{l`w sbw|nwbi`

M_M

W

\_M

M_M

W

\_M

_ebdw Noo|{nwl k|w ìw X{lobsl

X{lobsl k|w ìw Noo|{nwl

Alns|{l


X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr [nwbis

Wel j{lnwl{ wel glsbj` an{jb`- wel mizl{ wel Wiwnm Gldlows Xl{ \`bw Glsbj` an{jb` bs alns|{lg a lns|{lg kr wel X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr B`glu %Ox"

Ox 1

Anub|a Nmmiznkml [n`jl id Oen{nowl{bswbo @i{anm tn{bnwbi` id X{iolss

U !?Ϗ

#?Ϗ

X{iolss Zbgwe

Vsw 1 ? Ox Vmw 1 ?Oxc

Glsbj` Zbgwe

Ox 1

\_M ! M_M # ?Ϗ

Alns|{l


Bs bw Oi`w{im i{ Wloeìmijr9 Mi`j Wl{a Gnwn

_ei{w Wl{a Gnwn

s ei{w lì|je . Gnwn wncl` itl{ n xl{big id wbal . Gnwn wncl` itl{ n sei{w xl{big id wbal wenw wel{l n{l ì mi`j lì|je wenw luwl{`nm dnowi{s luwl{`nm b`dm|lòls i` wel on` b`dm|lòl wel x{iolss. x{iolss V sw 6 V mw

. V mw %Ϗmw " .

Oxc

V sw %Ϗsw " . Ox

Vmw bs nmznrs mlss wne` Vswklon|sl wel mi`j wl{a tnm|l bs {lg|olg kr wel sebdw id wel x{iolss

. Gldb`lg kr wloeìmijr n`g x{iolss . Gldb`lg kr wloeìmijr oi`w{im . X{iolss Onxnkbmbwr %L`wbwmlal`w ! Wel klsw x{iolss . X{iolss Xl{di{anòl on` kl"

4Ϗ aln`s Vmw17.< n`g Oxc1>.<

Wloeìmijr6 Oi`w{im

4Ϗ aln`s Vsw14.8 n`g Ox1;.8

N`nmrvl


N`nmrvl Xensl • On|sl $ Lddlow Gbnj{na • Erxiwelsbs Wlswb`j • Aln` Wlswb`j • Tn{bnòl Wlswb`j • [lj{lssbi` N`nmrsbs

Wel Nba id wel N`nmrvl Xensl bs wi 6 n. Wi Mbsw giz` nmm wel Xissbkml dnowi{s we{i|je K{nb`swi{ab`j. k. Xboc i|w wel Tbwnm dlz Xiwl`wbnm Dnowi{s i|w id W{btbnm An`r. o . _wnwbswbonm tl{bdbonwbi` tl{bdbon wbi` id Xiwl`wbnm Dnowi{s kr aln`s aln`s id tn{bi|s wrxl id Wlsws. g . Nsol{wnb`b`j zelwel{ zl entl oi`sbgl{lg nmm dnowi{s $ ìweb`j bs Mldw I|w.


N`nmrvl ! On|sl $ Lddlow Gbnj{na

On|sl $ Lddlow Gbnj{na On|sl

On|sl

On|sl

On|sl

Lddlow

On|sl On|sl On|sl

Wel X|{xisl id webs wiim bs wi Db`g i|w wel swn{w id wel oimmlowbi` id Gnwn n`g n`nmrsbs. Bw mbsw giz` nmm wel X{iknkml on|sls {lsxi`sbkml di{ wel anb` lddlow . On|sl $ Lddlow Gbnj{na bs nmsi cìz` ns Dbseki`l Gbnj{na ) 7A Gbnj{na. Wel _raxwia i{ {ls|mw bs x|w |`gl{ wel Gn{c Kiu i` Kiu i` wel [bjew.. Mbjewl{ Kiuls nw wel l`g id wel Mn{jl Ki`ls n{l anb` j{i|xs j{i|xs b` zeboe bglns n{l omnssbdblg. Wel Mbjewl{ Mbjewl{ Kiuls anr oi`sbsw id Dbtl id Dbtl As ! An`-Anoeb`l-Alns|{lal`w ! An`-Anoeb`l-Alns|{lal`w $ Alweig.%Ai`lr on` kl oi`sbgl{lg zel{ltl{ {lmltn`w" . Wel Abggml Ki`ls b`gbonwls wel gb{lowbi` id xnwe d{ia on|sl wi lddlow


N`nmrvl ! On|sl $ Lddlow Gbnj{na G bnj{na

Anoeb`l

An`

Ormb`gl{ Dnbm|{l

@lz ons|nm En`gmb`j

A)O ìw omln`

x{ikmla

Gbl _lwwb`j I\W ON_L GL@W Gl`wlg sellw

Oebxs i` sellw

Anwl{bnm

_ellw weboc`lss

Xblol oeloc Alweig

Xblol |`mingb`j

N`nmrvl ! Erxiwelsbs

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan Erxiwelsbs Wlswb`j

Erxiwelsbs aln`s sialweb`j wncl` wi kl w{|l di{ wel X|{xisl id n{j|al`w i{ B`tlswbjnwbi` - n` nss|axwbi`. Erxiwelsbs Wlswb`j bs Wlswb`j bs gldb`lg ns wel oiaxn{bsi` id wzi Xix|mnwbi`s %l~|nmbwr id aln`) tn{bnòl " kr wncb`j snaxmls d{ia weisl Xix|mnwbi`s. Bw bs nss|alg b` wel kljb``b`j wenw wel 3¼> ¼; 3 Ϗ> 1 Ϗ; " i{ ìw l~|nm %Nmwl{`nwl wzi Xix|mnwbi`s n{l l~|nm %@|mm Erxiwelsbs ¼>

Erxiwelsbs 6 ¼>≨ ¼; 3 Ϗ> ≨ Ϗ; " . Wel l~|nmbwr bs oi`db{alg kr now|nmmr oi`g|owb`j wlsws i` wel snaxml. Wel{l bs nmznrs n {bsc nssiobnwlg zbwe wel Erxiwelsbs - b` onsl wel snaxml wncl` di{ oiaxn{bsi` oiaxn{bsi` d{ia Xix|mnwbi` gils gils ìw oi{{lowmr {lx{lsl`w wel wel Xix|mnwbi`.. Wel{l n{l an`r wrxls id erxiwelsbs wlsw. Wel wlsw bs slmlowlg glxl`gb`j i` wel wrxl id gnwn i{ wel oiaxn{bsi` {l~|b{lg.

Oi`wb`|i|s Gnwn >" D!wlsw 6 Oiaxn{ls Tn{bnòls • Mltl`l‒s Wlsw

• Kn{wmlww‒s Wlsw ;" w!wlsw 6 Oiaxn{ls aln`s • > snaxml w!wlsw • Xnb{lg w!wlsw • ; snaxml w!wlsw

Gbso{lwl Gnwn ?" Oeb _~|n{l Wlsw 6 Oiaxn{ls oi|`ws • Jiig`lss id Dbw

• Oi`wb`jlòr Wnkml


\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan Erxiwelsbs Wlswb`j

Ei%@|mm Erxiwelsbs " bs nss|alg wi kl w{|l .Webs bs mbcl wel gldl`gn`w klb`j nss|alg wi kl b`ìol`w.

En%Nmwl{`nwbtl Erxiwelsbs " bs nmwl{`nwbtls wel @|mm Erxiwelsbs. En bs wel i`l wenw a|sw kl x{itlg. Xix|mnwbi` Ei B` webs onsl wel snaxmls oi{{lowmr {lx{lsl`w wel Xix|mnwbi` si snaxml aln` 1 Xix|mnwbi` aln`.

l m x a B` webs onsl ns wel snaxmls gils ìw n oi{{lowmr {lx{lsl`w wel Xix|mnwbi` _ si snaxml aln` ≨ Xix|mnwbi` aln`. Bòi{{low Globsbi`

Oi{{low Ei Globsbi`

En

Wrxl > L{{i{ ξ

En

Wrxl ; L{{i{ λ

B` webs onsl ns wel snaxmls gils ìw oi{{lowmr {lx{lsl`w wel Xix|mnwbi` si snaxml aln` ≨ Xix|mnwbi` aln`. Bòi{{low Globsbi` B` webs onsl ns wel snaxmls oi{{lowmr {lx{lsl`w wel Xix|mnwbi` si snaxml aln` 1 Xix|mnwbi` aln`. Oi{{low Globsbi`


\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan Baxi{wn`w Wl{as

>." Wrxl > L{{i{ 6 Webs l{{i{ jbtls |s wel x{iknkbmbwr id {lflowb`j wel [bjew Anwl{bnm . Webs enxxl`s zel` n zlb{g snaxml jlws slmlowlg di{ wel oiaxn{bsi` id aln`)tn{bnòl. aln`)tn{bnòl. Bw bs nmsi cìz` ns L{{i{ i{ X{ig|ol{‒s [bsc. [bsc. Jl`l{nmmr Bw‒s tnm|l mbls n{i|`g < ,. ;. " Wrxl ; L{{i{ 6 Webs l{{i{ jbtls |s wel x{iknkbmbwr id noolxwb`j wel z{i`j anwl{bnm. Webs nmsi enxxl`s zel` n zlb{g snaxml bs slmlowlg di{ oiaxn{bsi`. Bw bs nmsi cìz` ns L{{i{ i{ Oi`s|al{‒s [bsc. [bsc. Bw‒s tnm|l jl`l{nmmr mbls n{i|`g >8 ,.

? ." >!ξ 1 Oi`dbglòl id wel Wlsw Wel x{iknkbmbwr wenw on` kl glwl{ab`lg ns n {bjew web`j zel` wel @|mm Erxiwelsbs bs oi{{low. 7" >!λ 1 Xizl{ id wel wlsw Wel {lflowb`j x{iknkbmbwr zel` `|mm Erxiwelsbs ri| zn`w wi wlsw bs ìw {bjew. Bw bs ìw xissbkml wi sba|mwn`li|smr oiaabw n Wrxl > n`g Wrxl ; globsbi` globsbi` l{{i{.

N`nmrvl ! Wlsws |slg di{ Oiaxn{bsi`


N`nmrvl

Tn{bnòl Wlswb`j

Aln` Wlswb`j Oi`wb`|i|s Gnwn

Gbso{lwl Gnwn

> _naxml V Wlsw

> X{ixi{wbi` Wlsw

> _naxml w Wlsw

; X{ixi{wbi` Wlsw

; _naxml w Wlsw

Oeb!_~|n{l Wlsw

N@ITN Wlswb`j

Wlsw di{ L~|nm Tn{bnòl

; Tn{bnòl Wlsw

N`nmrvl


> _naxml V Wlsw 6oiax|wls n oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm i{ xl{di{as n erxiwelsbs wlsw id wel bs cìz`. Webs x{iolg|{l bs knslg |xi` aln` zel` wel xix|mnwbi` swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`wel ì{anm gbsw{bk|wbi`. Webs Webs wlsw oiaxn{ls wel aln` id wel snaxml zbwe sial wlsw Xix|mnwbi` zbwe cìz` swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`. Lunaxml 6 Alns|{lal`ws zl{l angl i` `b`l zbgjlws. Ri| cìz wenw wel gbsw{bk|wbi` id

alns|{lal`ws ens ebswi{bonmmr kll` omisl wi ì{anm zbwe s 1 8.;. Klon|sl ri| cìz s- n`g ri| zbse wi wlsw bd wel xix|mnwbi` aln` bs < n`g ikwnb` n 28, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ wel aln`- ri| |sl wel V!x{iolg|{l. _im|wbi` 6

Tnm|ls 7.2

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7.:

7.:

N`nmrvl


I`l!_naxml V6 Wlsw id

Wlsw Aln` gils`‒w mbl zbweb` wel oi`dbglòl B`wl{tnm

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N`nmrvl

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan B`wl{x{lwb`j wel {ls|mws

Wel wlsw swnwbswbo- V- di{ wlswb`j bd wel xix|mnwbi` aln` l~|nms < bs !?.>:. Wel x!tnm|l- i{ wel x{iknkbmbwr id {lflowb`j wel `|mm erxiwelsbs zel` bw bs w{|l- bs 8.88;. Webs bs onmmlg wel nwwnb`lg sbj`bdbonòl mltlm- x!tnm|l- i{ nwwnb`lg ξ id wel wlsw. Klon|sl wel x!tnm|l id 8.88; bs sanmml{ wen` oiaai`mr oeisl` ξ!mltlms- wel{l bs sbj`bdbon`w ltbglòl wenw a bs ìw l~|nm wi <- si ri| on` {lflow E8 b` dnti{ id a ìw klb`j <. N erxiwelsbs wlsw nw ξ 1 8.> oi|mg nmsi kl xl{di{alg kr tblzb`j wel b`gbtbg|nm tnm|l xmiw. Wel erxiwelsbvlg tnm|l dnmms i|wsbgl wel 28, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ wel xix|mnwbi` aln` %7.4:2;?- 7.525<<"- n`g si ri| on` {lflow wel `|mm erxiwelsbs.

> _naxml w wlsw 6 oiax|wls n oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm i{ xl{di{as n erxiwelsbs wlsw id wel aln` zel` Xix|mnwbi` swn`gn{g - bs |`cìz`. Webs x{iolg|{l bs knslg |xi` wel w! gbsw{bk|wbi`- zeboe bs gl{btlg d{ia n ì{anm gbsw{bk|wbi` zbwe |`cìz` Ϗ. Lunaxml 6 Alns|{lal`ws zl{l angl i` `b`l zbgjlws. Ri| cìz wenw wel gbsw{bk|wbi` id

zbgjlw alns|{lal`ws ens ebswi{bonmmr kll` omisl omis l wi ì{anm- k|w s|xxisl wenw ri| gi ìw cìz Ϗ. Wi wlsw bd wel xix|mnwbi` aln` bs < n`g wi ikwnb` n 28, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ wel aln`- ri| |sl n w!x{iolg|{l.

N`nmrvl


_im|wbi` 6

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< Omboc Ixwbi`s Ixwbi`s.. B` Oi`dbglòl mltlm l`wl{ 28. Omboc IC b` lnoe gbnmij kiu

7.: 7.4

I`l!_naxml W6 Tnm|ls Wlsw id a| 1 < ts ìw 1 < Tn{bnkml @ Aln` Tnm|ls

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[ls|mw B`wl{x{lwnwbi` 6

Wel x!tnm|l = 8.8< - nmsi ” 8 ” gils ìw mbl zbweb` wel Oi`dbglòl B`wl{tnm si @|mm Erxiwelsbs bs {lflowlg n`g Nmwl{`nwl Erxiwelsbs bs noolxwlg. Bw oi`db{as wenw wel snaxml aln` bs ìw l~|nm wi Xix|mnwbi` Aln` ".

N`nmrvl


; _naxml w wlsw 6 oiax|wls n oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm n`g xl{di{as n erxiwelsbs wlsw id wel gbddl{lòl klwzll` wzi xix|mnwbi` aln`s zel` Ϗ *s n{l |`cìz` n`g snaxmls n{l g{nz` b`glxl`gl`wmr d{ia lnoe iwel{. Webs x{iolg|{l bs knslg |xi` wel w!gbsw{bk|wbi`- n`g di{ sanmm snaxmls bw zi{cs klsw bd gnwn zl{l g{nz` d{ia gbsw{bk|wbi`s wenw n{l ì{anm i{ omisl wi ì{anm. Ri| on` entl bò{lnsb`j oi`dbglòl b` wel {ls|mws ns wel snaxml sbvls bò{lnsl.

Lunaxml 6 N sw|gr zns xl{di{alg b` i{gl{ wi ltnm|nwl wel lddlowbtl`lss id wzi gltbols di{

bax{itb`j wel lddboblòr id jns eial!elnwb`j srswlas. L`l{jr oi`s|axwbi` b` ei|sls zns alns|{lg ndwl{ i`l id wel wzi gltbols zns b`swnmmlg. Wel wzi gltbols zl{l n` lmlow{bo tl`w gnaxl{ %Gnaxl{1>" n`g n wel{anmmr nowbtnwlg tl`w gnaxl{ %Gnaxl{1;". Wel l`l{jr oi`s|axwbi` gnwn %KW\.B`" n{l swnoclg b` i`l oim|a` zbwe n j{i|xb`j oim|a` %Gnaxl{" oi`wnb`b`j bgl`wbdbl{s i{ s|kso{bxws wi glìwl wel xix|mnwbi`. _|xxisl wenw ri| xl{di{alg n tn{bnòl wlsw n`g di|`g ì ltbglòl di{ tn{bnòls klb`j |`l~|nm .@iz ri| zn`w wi oiaxn{l wel lddlowbtl`lss id welsl wzi gltbols kr glwl{ab`b`j zelwel{ i{ ìw wel{l bs n`r ltbglòl wenw wel gbddl{lòl klwzll` wel gltbols bs gbddl{l`w d{ia vl{i.

N`nmrvl

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan KW\ KW\.B`

_im|wbi` 6

> Ixl` wel zi{csellw - l`wl{ wel gnwn. ; Oeiisl _wnw 0 Knsbo _wnwbswbos 0 ;!_naxml W. ? Oeiisl _naxmls b` i`l oim|a`. oim|a`.

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Ab`bwnk I|wx|w 6 Wzi!_naxml W!Wlsw n`g OB6 KW\.B`- Gnaxl{ Wzi!snaxml W di{ KW\.B` Gnaxl{ @

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Gbddl{lòl 1 a| %>" ! a| %;" Lswbanwl Lswbanwl di{ gbddl{lòl6 !8.;?<;<8 2<, OB di{ gbddl{lòl6 %!>.7<8>?>- 8.2:24?>" W!Wlsw W!Wlsw id gbddl{lòl 1 8 %ts ìw 1"6 W!Tnm|l 1 !8.?5 X!Tnm|l 1 8.:8> GD 1 55 Kiwe |sl Xiimlg _wGlt 1 ;.55>5

N`nmrvl


[ls|mw B`wl{x{lwnwbi` 6

Ab`bwnk gbsxmnrs n wnkml id wel snaxml sbvls- snaxml aln`s- swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`s- n`g swn`gn{g l{{i{s di{ wel wzi snaxmls. _bòl zl x{ltbi|smr di|`g ì ltbglòl di{ tn{bnòls klb`j |`l~|nm- zl oeisl wi |sl wel xiimlg swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` kr oeiisb`j Nss|al l~|nm tn{bnòls. tn{bnòls. Wel xiimlg swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`- ;.55>5- bs |slg wi onmo|mnwl wel wlsw swnwbswbo n`g wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms. N sloi`g wnkml jbtls n oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ wel gbddl{lòl b` xix|mnwbi` aln`s. Di{ webs lunaxml- n 2<, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm bs %!>.7<- 8.25" zeboe bòm|gls vl{i- we|s s|jjlswb`j wenw wel{l bs ì gbddl{lòl. @luw bs wel erxiwelsbs wlsw {ls|mw. Wel wlsw swnwbswbo bs !8.?5- zbwe x! tnm|l id 8.:8>- n`g 55 glj{lls id d{llgia. _bòl wel x!tnm|l bs j{lnwl{ wen` oiaai`mr oeisl` n!mltlms- wel{l bs ì ltbglòl di{ n gbddl{lòl b` l`l{jr |sl zel` |sb`j n` lmlow{bo tl`w gnaxl{ tl{s|s n wel{anmmr nowbtnwlg tl`w gnaxl{.

N`nmrvl


N@ITN 6 bs n wiim zbwe zeboe zl on` oiaxn{l sltl{nm aln`s. Bw bs n wiim |slg wi sln{oe di{ wel sbj`bdbon`w U dnowi{s wenw entl n` b`dm|lòl i` wel {lsxi`sl tn{bnkml R. B` lddlow- n`nmrsbs id tn{bnòl luwl`gs wel wzi!snaxml w!wlsw di{ wlswb`j wel l~|nmbwr id wzi xix|mnwbi` aln`s wi n ai{l jl`l{nm `|mm erxiwelsbs id oiaxn{b`j wel l~|nmbwr id ai{l wen` wzi aln`s- tl{s|s wela ìw nmm klb`j l~|nm.

Lunaxml 6 Ri| glsbj` n` luxl{bal`w wi nsslss wel g|{nkbmbwr id di|{ luxl{bal`wnm on{xlw

x{ig|ows. Ri| xmnol n snaxml id lnoe id wel on{xlw x{ig|ows b` di|{ eials n`g ri| alns|{l g|{nkbmbwr ndwl{ 48 gnrs. Klon|sl ri| zbse wi wlsw wel l~|nmbwr id aln`s n`g wi nsslss wel gbddl{lòls b` aln`s- ri| |sl wel i`l!znr N@ITN x{iolg|{l %gnwn b` swnoclg di{a" zbwe a|mwbxml oiaxn{bsi`s. Jl`l{nmmr- ri| zi|mg oeiisl i`l a|mwbxml a|mwb xml oiaxn{bsi` alweig ns nxx{ix{bnwl di{ ri|{ gnwn. Eizltl{- wzi alweigs n{l slmlowlg el{l wi glai`sw{nwl Ab`bwnk*s onxnkbmbwbls.

N`nmrvl


_im|wbi` 6

> Ixl` wel zi{csellw l`wl{ wel gnwn ; Oeiisl _wnw 0 N@ITN 0 I`l!Znr. ? B` [lsxi`sl [lsxi`sl-- l`wl{ G|{nkbmbwr. B` Dnowi{ - l`wl{ On{xlw. 7 Omboc Oiaxn{bsi`s Oiaxn{bsi`s.. Oeloc W|clr*s- dnabmr l{{i{ {nwl. {nwl. Oeloc Es|*s AOK- dnabmr l{{i{ {nwl G|{nkb |{nkbmbw mbwr r On{xlw n{xlw n`g l`wl{ >8. < Omboc IC b` lnoe gbnmij kiu.

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N`nmrvl [ls|mws di{6 LUEYNIT.AWZ I`l!znr N@ITN6 G|{nkbmbwr tl{s|s On{xlw

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B`gbtbg|nm 2<, OBs Di{ Aln` Knslg i` Xiimlg _wGlt Mltlm @ Aln` _wGlt !!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!# > 7 >7.75? ?.><: %!!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" ; 7 2.:?< ?.<44 %!!!!!!!&!!!!!!!!" ? 7 >;.585 >.<84 %!!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" 7 7 >5.>>< <.7?< %!!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" !!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!# >8.8 ><.8 ;8.8 ;<.8


N`nmrvl


W|clr 2<, _ba|mwn`li|s Oi`dbglòl B`wl{tnms Nmm Xnb{zbsl Oiaxn{bsi`s nai`j Mltlms id On{xlw B`gbtbg|nm oi`dbglòl mltlm 1 25.5?, On{xlw 1 > s|kw{nowlg d{ia6 On{xlw Mizl{ Ol`wl{ \xxl{ !!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!! ; !>;.725 !7.:75 ?.88? %!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" ? !2.7;4 !>.4:< 4.8:4 %!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" 7 !7.>>5 ?.4?; >>.?5? %!!!!!!!&!!!!!!" !!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!! !>8 8 >8 ;8 On{ 1 ; s|kw{nowlg d{ia6 On{xlw Mizl{ Ol`wl{ \xxl{ !!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!! ? !7.4:5 ?.8:? >8.5;? %!!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" 7 8.4;2 5.?58 >4.>?> %!!!!!!&!!!!!!!" !!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!!!!!!!!#!!! !>8 8 >8 ;8 On{ 1 ? s|kw{nowlg d{ia6 On{xlw 7

Mizl{ !;.77?

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N`nmrvl

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan W|clr*s oiaxn{bsi`s

W|clr*s wlsw x{itbgls ? slws id a|mwbxml oiaxn{bsi` oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms6 On{xlw > aln` s|kw{nowlg d{ia wel on{xlw ;- ?- n`g 7 aln`s6 Wel db{sw b`wl{tnm b` wel db{sw slw id wel W|clr*s i|wx|w %!>;.725- !7.:75- ?.88?" jbtls wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ wel on{xlw > aln` s|kw{nowlg d{ia wel on{xlw ; aln`. Ri| on` lnsbmr db`g oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms di{ l`w{bls ìw bòm|glg b` wel i|wx|w kr {ltl{sb`j kiwe wel i{gl{ n`g wel sbj` id wel b`wl{tnm tnm|ls. Di{ lunaxml- wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ wel aln` id on{xlw > ab`|s wel aln` id on{xlw ; bs %!?.88?- 7.:75- >;.725". Di{ webs slw id oiaxn{bsi`s- ì`l id wel aln`s n{l swnwbswbonmmr gbddl{l`w klon|sl nmm id wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms bòm|gl 8. On{xlw ; aln` s|kw{nowlg d{ia wel on{xlw ? n`g 7 aln`s6 Wel aln`s di{ on{xlws ; n`g 7 n{l swnwbswbonmmr gbddl{l`w klon|sl wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm di{ webs oiakb`nwbi` id aln`s %8.4;2- 5.?58- >4.>?>" luom|gls vl{i. On{xlw ? aln` s|kw{nowlg d{ia wel on{xlw 7 aln`6 On{xlws ? n`g 7 n{l ìw swnwbswbonmmr gbddl{l`w klon|sl wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm bòm|gls 8. Kr ìw oi`gbwbi`b`j |xi` wel D!wlsw- gbddl{lòls b` w{lnwal`w aln`s nxxln{ wi entl ioo|{{lg nw dnabmr l{{i{ {nwls id 8.>8. Bd Es|*s AOK alweig bs n jiig oeibol di{ welsl gnwn- on{xlws ; n`g ? abjew kl lmbab`nwlg ns n oeibol di{ wel klsw. Zel` ri| |sl W|clr*s alweig- wel aln` g|{nkbmbwr di{ on{xlws ; n`g 7 nxxln{s wi kl gbddl{l`w.

N`nmrvl


> X{ixi{wbi` Wlsw 6 Xl{di{as n wlsw id i`l kbìabnm x{ixi{wbi`. \sl > X{ixi{wbi` wi oiax|wl n oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm n`g xl{di{a n erxiwelsbs wlsw id wel x{ixi{wbi`. Di{ lunaxml- n` n|wiaiwbtl xn{ws an`|dnow|{l{ omnbas wenw ebs sxn{c xm|js n{l mlss wen` ;, gldlowbtl. Ri| oi|mg wncl n {n`gia snaxml id sxn{c xm|js n`g glwl{ab`l zelwel{ i{ ìw wel now|nm x{ixi{wbi` gldlowbtl bs oi`sbswl`w zbwe wel omnba. Di{ n wzi!wnbmlg wlsw id n x{ixi{wbi`6 E86 x 1 x8 tl{s|s E>6 x ≨ x8 zel{l x bs wel xix|mnwbi` x{ixi{wbi` n`g x8 bs wel erxiwelsbvlg tnm|l.

N`nmrvl


Lunaxml 6 N oi|`wr gbsw{bow nwwi{`lr zi|mg mbcl wi {|` di{ wel iddbol id swnwl gbsw{bow nwwi{`lr. _el ens globglg wenw sel zbmm jbtl |x el{ oi|`wr iddbol n`g {|` di{ swnwl iddbol bd ai{l wen` 4<, id el{ xn{wr oi`swbw|l`ws s|xxi{w s |xxi{w el{. Ri| `llg wi wlsw E86 x 1 .4< tl{s|s E>6 x 0 .4<. Ns el{ onaxnbj` an`njl{- ri| oimmlowlg gnwn i` 2<8 {n`giamr slmlowlg xn{wr alakl{s n`g db`g wenw <48 xn{wr alakl{s s|xxi{w wel on`gbgnwl. N wlsw id x{ixi{wbi` zns xl{di{alg wi glwl{ab`l zelwel{ i{ ìw wel x{ixi{wbi` id s|xxi{wl{s zns j{lnwl{ wen` wel {l~|b{lg x{ixi{wbi` id 8.4<. B` nggbwbi`- n 2<, oi`dbglòl ki|`g zns oi`sw{|owlg wi glwl{ab`l wel mizl{ ki|`g di{ wel x{ixi{wbi` id s|xxi{wl{s. s |xxi{wl{s. > Oeiisl _wnw 0 Knsbo _wnwbswbos 0 > X{ixi{wbi`. ; Oeiisl _|aan{bvlg gnwn. gnwn. ? B` @|akl{ id w{bnmsw{bnms- l`wl{ 2<8. B` @|akl{ id ltl`wsltl`ws- l`wl{ <48. 7 Omboc Ixwbi`s Ixwbi`s.. B` Wlsw x{ixi{wbi`x{ixi{wbi`- l`wl{ 8.4<. < D{ia Nmwl{`nwbtl Nmwl{`nwbtl-- oeiisl j{lnwl{ wen`. wen`. Omboc IC b` lnoe gbnmij kiu.

N`nmrvl


_lssbi` zb`giz i|wx|w

Wlsw n`g OB di{ I`l X{ixi{wbi` Wlsw id x 1 8.4< ts x 0 8.4< 2<, Mizl{ Lunow _naxml U @ _naxml x Ki|`g X!Tnm|l > <48 2<8 8.<527:7 8.<4;<>< >.888 B`wl{x{lwb`j wel {ls|mws

Wel x!tnm|l id >.8 s|jjlsws wenw wel gnwn n{l oi`sbswl`w zbwe wel `|mm erxiwelsbs %E86 x 1 8.4<"- wenw bs- wel x{ixi{wbi` id xn{wr alakl{s wenw s|xxi{w wel on`gbgnwl bs ìw j{lnwl{ wen` wel {l~|b{lg x{ixi{wbi` id 8.4<. Ns el{ onaxnbj` an`njl{- ri| zi|mg ngtbsl el{ ìw wi {|` di{ wel iddbol id swnwl gbsw{bow nwwi{`lr.

N`nmrvl


; X{ixi{wbi` Wlsw 6 Xl{di{as n wlsw id wzi kbìabnm kbìabnm x{ixi{wbi`s. \sl wel ; X{ixi{wbi`s oiaan`g wi oiax|wl n oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm n`g xl{di{a n erxiwelsbs wlsw id wel gbddl{lòl klwzll` wzi x{ixi{wbi`s. Di{ lunaxml- s|xxisl ri| zn`wlg wi cìz zelwel{ wel x{ixi{wbi` id oi`s|al{s zei {lw|{` n s|{tlr oi|mg kl bò{lnslg kr x{itbgb`j n` bòl`wbtl s|oe ns n x{ig|ow snaxml. Ri| abjew bòm|gl wel x{ig|ow snaxml zbwe enmd id ri|{ anbmb`js n`g sll bd ri| entl ai{l {lsxi`sls d{ia wel j{i|x wenw {lolbtlg wel snaxml wen` d{ia weisl zei gbg ìw. Di{ n wzi!wnbmlg wlsw id wzi x{ixi{wbi`s6 E86 x> ! x; 1 x8 tl{s|s E>6 x> ! x; ≨ x8 zel{l x> n`g x; n{l wel x{ixi{wbi`s id s|oolss b` xix|mnwbi`s > n`g ;- {lsxlowbtlmr- n`g x8 bs wel erxiwelsbvlg gbddl{lòl klwzll` wel wzi x{ixi{wbi`s.

N`nmrvl


Lunaxml 6 Ns ri|{ oi{xi{nwbi`*s x|{oensb`j an`njl{- ri| `llg wi n|wei{bvl wel x|{oensl id wzl`wr `lz xeiwioixr anoeb`ls. Ndwl{ oiaxn{b`j an`r k{n`gs b` wl{as id x{bol- oixr ~|nmbwr- zn{{n`wr- n`g dlnw|{ls- ri| entl `n{{izlg wel oeibol wi wzi6 K{n`g U n`g K{n`g R. Ri| globgl wenw wel glwl{ab`b`j dnowi{ zbmm kl wel {lmbnkbmbwr id wel k{n`gs ns gldb`lg kr wel x{ixi{wbi` {l~|b{b`j sl{tbol zbweb` i`l rln{ id x|{oensl. Klon|sl ri|{ oi{xi{nwbi` nm{lngr |sls kiwe id welsl k{n`gs- ri| zl{l nkml wi ikwnb` b`di{anwbi` i` wel sl{tbol ebswi{r id <8 {n`giamr slmlowlg anoeb`ls id lnoe k{n`g. [loi{gs b`gbonwl wenw sbu K{n`g U anoeb`ls n`g lbjew K{n`g R anoeb`ls `llglg sl{tbol. \sl webs b`di{anwbi` wi j|bgl ri|{ oeibol id k{n`g di{ x|{oensl. > Oeiisl _wnw 0 Knsbo _wnwbswbos 0 ; X{ixi{wbi`s. ; Oeiisl _|aan{bvlg gnwn. gnwn. ? B` Db{sw snaxmlsnaxml- |`gl{ W{bnms |`gl{ W{bnms-- l`wl{ <8. \`gl{ Ltl`ws Ltl`w s- l`wl{ 77. 7 B` _loi`g snaxmlsnaxml- |`gl{ W{bnms |`gl{ W{bnms-- l`wl{ <8. \`gl{ Ltl`ws- l`wl{ 7;. Omboc IC IC..

N`nmrvl


_lssbi` zb`giz i|wx|w

Wlsw n`g OB di{ Wzi X{ixi{wbi`s _naxml

U

@

_naxml

>

77

<8

8.558888

;

7;

<8

8.578888

Gbddl{lòl 1 x %>" ! x %;" Lswbanwl di{ gbddl{lòl6 8.87 2<, OB di{ gbddl{lòl6 %!8.82<:28?- 8.>:<:28" Wlsw di{ gbddl{lòl 1 8 %ts ìw 1 8"6 V 1 8.<5 X!Tnm|l 1 8.<47

x

N`nmrvl


B`wl{x{lwb`j wel {ls|mws

_bòl wel x!tnm|l id 8.<47 bs mn{jl{ wen` oiaai`mr oeisl` n mltlms- wel gnwn n{l oi`sbswl`w zbwe wel `|mm erxiwelsbs %E86 x> ! x; 1 8". Wenw bs- wel x{ixi{wbi` id xeiwioixr anoeb`ls wenw `llglg sl{tbol b` wel db{sw rln{ gbg ìw gbddl{ glxl`gb`j i` k{n`g. Ns wel x|{oensb`j an`njl{- ri| `llg wi db`g n gbddl{l`w o{bwl{bi` o{ bwl{bi` wi j|bgl ri|{ globsbi` i` zeboe k{n`g wi x|{oensl. Ri| on` ancl wel snal globsbi` |sb`j wel 2<, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm. Klon|sl vl{i dnmms b` wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm id %!8.824 % !8.824 wi 8.>:4" ri| on` oiòm|gl wenw wel gnwn n{l oi`sbswl`w zbwe wel `|mm erxiwelsbs. Bd ri| web`c wenw wel oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm bs wii zbgl n`g gils ìw x{itbgl x{lobsl b`di{anwbi` ns wi wel tnm|l id x> ! x;- ri| anr zn`w wi oimmlow ai{l gnwn b` i{gl{ wi ikwnb` n klwwl{ lswbanwl id wel gbddl{lòl.

N`nmrvl


Oeb _~|n{l Wlsw 6 Bw bs n alns|{l id wel Iksl{tlg $ luxlowlg d{l~|lòbls. Oeb

_~|n{l wlsw bs n swnwbswbonm swnwbsw bonm wlsw zeboe oi`sbsws id we{ll w e{ll gbddl{l`w wrxl id N`nmrsbs. >" Jiig`lss id Dbw ;" Wlsw di{ Eiaijl`lbwr ?" Wlsw di{ B`glxl`glòl Wel wlsw di{ Jiig`lss id dbw glwl{ab`ls bd wel snaxml |`gl{ n`nmrsbs zns g{nz` d{ia n xix|mnwbi` wenw dimmizs sial sxlobdblg gbsw{bk|wbi` . Wlsw di{ Eiaijl`lbwr n`szl{s wel x{ixisbwbi` wenw sltl{nm xix|mnwbi`s n{l

eiaijlì|s zbwe {lsxlow wi sial oen{nowl{bswbo. Wlsw di{ B`glxl`glòl bs di{ wlswb`j @|mm erxiwelsbs wenw wzi o{bwl{bn id

Omnssbdbonwbi`

N`nmrvl


Lunaxml 6 Ri| n{l b`wl{lswlg b` wel {lmnwbi`sebx klwzll` jl`gl{ n`g ximbwbonm xn{wr nddbmbnwbi`. Ri| ~|l{r >88 xlixml nki|w welb{ ximbwbonm nddbmbnwbi` n`g {loi{g wel `|akl{ id anmls %{iz >" n`g dlanmls %{iz % {iz ;" di{ lnoe ximbwbonm xn{wr. Wel zi{csellw gnwn nxxln{s ns dimmizs6 Oim|a` >

Oim|a` ;

Oim|a` ?

Glaio{nw

[lx|kmbon`

Iwel{

;5

>5

7

;;

;:

>

> Ixl` wel zi{csellw LUEYWNKM.AWZ. LUEYWNKM.AWZ. ; Oeiisl _wnw 0 Wnkmls 0 Oeb!_~|n{l Wlsw %Wnkml b` Zi{csellw". ? B` Oim|a`s oi`wnb`b`j wel wnkmlwnkml- l`wl{ Glaio{nw- [lx|kmbon` n`g Iwel{. Omboc IC IC..

N`nmrvl


_lssbi` zb`giz i|wx|w Oeb!_~|n{l Wlsw6 Glaio{nw- [lx|kmbon`- Iwel{ Luxlowlg oi|`ws n{l x{b`wlg klmiz iksl{tlg oi|`ws Oeb!_~|n{l oi`w{bk|wbi`s n{l x{b`wlg klmiz luxlowlg oi|`ws Glaio{nw Glaio{nw >

;

Wiwnm

Iwel{

Wiwnm

>5

7

<8

;<.88

;;.<8

; .< 8

8.?48

8.288

8.288

;;

;:

>

;<.88

;;.<8

;.<8

8.?48

8.288

8.288

<8

7<

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[lx|kmbon`

Oeb!_~ 1 7.?;8- GD 1 ;- X!Tnm|l 1 8.>>< ; olmms zbwe luxlowlg oi|`ws mlss wen` <.

<

<8

>88

N`nmrvl


_lssbi` zb`giz i|wx|w Oeb!_~|n{l Wlsw6 Glaio{nw- [lx|kmbon`- Iwel{ Luxlowlg oi|`ws n{l x{b`wlg klmiz iksl{tlg oi|`ws Oeb!_~|n{l oi`w{bk|wbi`s n{l x{b`wlg klmiz luxlowlg oi|`ws Iwel{

Wiwnm

Iksl{tlg Tnm|ls

>5

7

<8

Luxlowlg Tnm|ls

;<.88

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8.?48

8.288

8.288

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Glaio{nw Glaio{nw >

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[lx|kmbon`

Oeb!_~ 1 7.?;8- GD 1 ;- X!Tnm|l 1 8.>>< ; olmms zbwe luxlowlg oi|`ws mlss wen` <.

<

Oeb _~|n{l Tnm|ls <8

[iz Wiwnms

>88

J{n`g Wiwnm

Oim|a` Wiwnms

N`nmrvl



@i ltbglòl lubsws di{ nssiobnwbi` %x 1 8.>><" klwzll` jl`gl{ n`g ximbwbonm xn{wr nddbmbnwbi`. Id wel 4 olmms- ; entl luxlowlg oi|`ws mlss wen` dbtl %??,". Wel{ldi{l- ltl` bd ri| eng n sbj`bdbon`w x!tnm|l di{ welsl gnwn- ri| sei|mg b`wl{x{lw wel {ls|mws zbwe on|wbi`. Wi kl ai{l oi`dbgl`w id wel {ls|mws- {lxlnw wel wlsw- iabwwb`j wel Iwel{ onwlji{r.

Di{a|mnl‒s 6

n" Luxlowlg Tnm|l 1 [iz Wiwnm & Oim|a` Wiwnm J{n`g Wiwnm k" Oeb _~|n{l Tnm|l 1 % Iksl{tlg Tnm|l ! Luxlowlg Tnm|l " ; Luxlowlg Tnm|l o" Glj{lls id D{llgia%GD " 1 %@i. id {izs ! >"

& % @i. id Oim|a`s ! >"

N`nmrvl


; Tn{bnòl Wlsw 6 \sl wi xl{di{a erxiwelsbs wlsws di{ l~|nmbwr- i{ eiaijl`lbwr- id tn{bnòl nai`j wzi xix|mnwbi`s |sb`j n` D!wlsw n`g Mltl`l*s wlsw. An`r swnwbswbonm x{iolg|{ls- bòm|gb`j wel wzi snaxml w!wlsw x{iolg|{ls- nss|al wenw wel wzi snaxmls n{l d{ia xix|mnwbi`s zbwe l~|nm tn{bnòl. Wel tn{bnòl wlsw x{iolg|{l zbmm wlsw wel tnmbgbwr id webs nss|axwbi`.

N`nmrvl


Lunaxml 6 N sw|gr zns xl{di{alg b` i{gl{ wi ltnm|nwl wel lddlowbtl`lss id wzi wzi gltbols di{ bax{itb`j wel lddboblòr id jns eial!elnwb`j srswlas. L`l{jr oi`s|axwbi` b` ei|sls zns alns|{lg ndwl{ i`l id wel wzi gltbols zns b`swnmmlg. Wel wzi gltbols zl{l n` lmlow{bo tl`w gnaxl{ %Gnaxl{ 1 >" n`g n wel{anmmr nowbtnwlg tl`w gnaxl{ %Gnaxl{ 1 ;". Wel l`l{jr oi`s|axwbi` gnwn %KW\.B`" n{l swnoclg b` i`l oim|a` zbwe n j{i|xb`j oim|a` %Gnaxl{" oi`wnb`b`j bgl`wbdbl{s i{ s|kso{bxws wi glìwl wel xix|mnwbi`. Ri| n{l b`wl{lswlg b` oiaxn{b`j wel tn{bnòls id wel wzi xix|mnwbi`s si s i wenw ri| on` oi`sw{|ow n wzi!snaxml w!wlsw n`g oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnm wi oiaxn{l wel wzi gnaxl{s. > Oeiisl _wnw 0 Knsbo _wnwbswbos 0 ; Tn{bnòls. ; Oeiisl _naxmls b` i`l oim|a`. oim|a`. ? B` _naxmls _naxmls-- slmlow wel oim|a` zeboe oi`wnb` wel tnm|ls 7 B` _|kso{bxws _|kso{bxws-- l`wl{ Gnaxl{. Omboc IC IC..

N`nmrvl

\`gl{swn`gb`j _bu _bjan Wlsw di{ L~|nm L~|nm Tn{bn` Tn{b nòls ols di{ KW\.B KW\.B ` D!Wlsw

{ l x a n G

Wls Wlsw _wn _wnwbswbo X! Tn Tnm|l

>

Mltl`l*s Wlsw Wls Wlsw _wn _wnwbswbo X!Tnm|l

;

;.8

{ l x a n G

>.>2 .>2 8.<<5

;.< ?.8 ?.< 2<, 2< , Ki` Ki`dl{{ dl{{i` i`bb Oi`dbgl` Oi`dbglòl ol B`w B `wl{tnms l{tnms di{ _wGlts _wGlts

7.8

>

;

<

>8

>< KW\.B KW\.B` `

;8

8.88 .88 8.224

N`nmrvl


Wlsw di{ L~|nm Tn{bnòls6 T n{bnòls6 KW\.B` tl{s|s Gnaxl{ 2<, Ki`dl{{i`b oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms di{ swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`s Gnaxl{ > ;

@ 78 <8

Mizl{ ;.784<< ;.;<77:

_wGlt ?.8>25: ;.:4:8;

\xxl{ 7.8;:;4 ?.<47>4

D!Wlsw %ì{anm gbsw{bk|wbi`" Wlsw swnwbswbo 1 >.>2- x!tnm|l 1 8.<<5

Mltl`l*s Wlsw %n`r oi`wb`|i|s gbsw{bk|wbi`" Wlsw swnwbswbo 1 8.88- x!tnm|l 1 8.224

N`nmrvl


[ls|mw B`wl{x{lwnwbi` Wel tn{bnòl wlsw jl`l{nwls n xmiw wenw gbsxmnrs Ki`dl{{i`b 2<, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms di{ wel xix|mnwbi` swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` nw kiwe dnowi{ mltlms. mltlms . Wel j{nxe nmsi gbsxmnrs wel sbgl!kr!sbgl kiuxmiws id wel {nz gnwn di{ wel wzi snaxmls. Db`nmmr- wel {ls|mws id wel D!wlsw n`g Mltl`l*s wlsw n{l jbtl` b` kiwe wel _lssbi` zb`giz n`g wel j{nxe. @iwl wenw wel 2<, oi`dbglòl mltlm nxxmbls wi wel dnabmr id b`wl{tnms n`g wel nsraalw{r id wel b`wl{tnms bs g|l wi wel sclz`lss id wel oeb!s~|n{l gbsw{bk|wbi`.Di{ wel l`l{jr oi`s|axwbi` lunaxml- wel x!tnm|ls id 8.<<5 n`g 8.224 n{l j{lnwl{ wen` {lnsi`nkml oeibols id n- si ri| dnbm wi {lflow wel `|mm erxiwelsbs id wel tn{bnòls klb`j l~|nm. Wenw bswelsl gnwn gi ìw x{itbgl lì|je ltbglòl wi omnba wenw wel wzi xix|mnwbi`s entl |`l~|nm tn{bnòls. We|s- bw bs {lnsi`nkml wi nss|al l~|nm tn{bnòls zel` |sb`j n wzi!snaxml w!x{iolg|{l.

N`nmrvl


Wlsw di{ L~|nm Tn{bnòl bs |slg zel` oiaxn{b`j wel tn{bnòl id wzi i{ ai{l wen` wzi xix|mnwbi`s

Lunaxml 6 Ri| sw|gr oi`gbwbi`s oi`g|obtl wi xiwnwi {iw kr b`flowb`j xiwnwils zbwe knowl{bn wenw on|sl {iwwb`j n`g s|kflowb`j wela w ela wi gbddl{l`w wlaxl{nw|{l n`g iurjl` {ljbals. Kldi{l xl{di{ab`j n`nmrsbs id tn{bnòl- ri| oeloc wel l~|nm tn{bnòl nss|axwbi` |sb`j wel wlsw di{ l~|nm tn{bnòls.

>Ixl` wel zi{csellw . ; Oeiisl _wnw 0 N@ITN 0 Wlsw di{ L~|nm Tn{bnòls. ? B` [lsxi`sl [lsxi`sl-- l`wl{ [iw. 7 B` Dnowi{s Dnowi{s-- l`wl{ Wlax Iurjl`. Omboc IC IC..

N`nmrvl


Wlsw di{ L~|nm L~|nm Tn{bnòls di{ [iw [iw Wlax

Iurjl` Kn{wmlww*s Wlsw

; >8

Wls Wlsw _wn _wnwbs wbswbo wbo X! Tn Tnm|l

Mltl`l*s Wlsw

4

Wls Wlsw _wn _wnwbs wbswbo wbo X!Tnm|l

>8

; >4

;.:> .:> 8.:77

4 >8 8 ;8 78 48 58 >88 >;8 >78 2<, Ki`dl{{i`b Oi`db Oi`dbglòl glòl B`wl{t B`wl{tnms nms di{ _wGlts

8.?: .?: 8.5<5

N`nmrvl


Wlsw di{ L~|nm Tn{bnòls6 [iw tl{s|s Wlax- Iurjl` 2<, Ki`dl{{i`b oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms di{ swn`gn{g gltbnwbi`s Wlax >8 >8 >8 >4 >4 >4

Iurjl` ; 4 >8 ; 4 >8

@ ? ? ? ? ? ?

Mizl{ ;.;48;2 >.;5>74 ;.58>87 >.<78>? >.<88>; ?.<<4::

_wGlt <.;2><8 ?.88888 4.<<:77 ?.48<<< ?.<>>55 5.?;444

\xxl{ 5>.528 74.7;: >8>.75> <<.:22 <7.?72 >;5.54;

Kn{wmlww*s Wlsw %ì{anm gbsw{bk|wbi`" Wlsw swnwbswbo 1 ;.:>- x!tnm|l 1 8.:77

Mltl`l*s Wlsw %n`r oi`wb`|i|s gbsw{bk|wbi`" Wlsw swnwbswbo 1 8.?:- x!tnm|l 1 8.5<5

Wlsw di{ L~|nm Tn{bnòls6 [iw tl{s|s Wlax- Iurjl`

N`nmrvl



Wel wlsw di{ l~|nm tn{bnòls jl`l{nwls n xmiw wenw gbsxmnrs Ki`dl{{i`b 2<, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms di{ wel {lsxi`sl swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` nw lnoe mltlm. Kn{wmlww*s n`g Mltl`l*s wlsw {ls|mws n{l gbsxmnrlg b` kiwe wel _lssbi` zb`giz n`g b` wel j{nxe. @iwl wenw wel 2<, oi`dbglòl mltlm nxxmbls wi wel dnabmr id b`wl{tnms n`g wel nsraalw{r id wel b`wl{tnms bs g|l wi wel sclz`lss id wel oeb!s~|n{l gbsw{bk|wbi`. Di{ wel xiwnwi {iw lunaxml- wel x!tnm|ls id 8.:77 n`g 8.5<5 n{l j{lnwl{ wen` {lnsi`nkml oeibols id n- si ri| dnbm wi {lflow wel `|mm erxiwelsbs id wel tn{bnòls klb`j l~|nm. Wenw bswelsl gnwn gi ìw x{itbgl lì|je ltbglòl wi w i omnba wenw wel xix|mnwbi`s entl |`l~|nm tn{bnòls.

N`nmrvl ! [lj{lssbi`


I`l Tn{bnkml [lj{lssbi` zbwe Ab`bwnk Lunaxml6

Ri| n{l w{rb`j wi ixwbabvl wel xl{di{anòl xl{di{a nòl id n` xnb`w o|{l itl`. I`l weli{r snrs wenw kmizl{ dn` tlmiobwr nddlows ltnxi{nwbi` id simtl`w b` wel xnb`w. Ri| n{l w{rb`j wi x{itl wenw s|oe n {lmnwbi`sebx lubsws kr n`nmrvb`j wel gnwn klmiz.



Wel Oiòlxw id [lj{lssbi`

N anwelanwbonm l~|nwbi` id glso{bkb`j n {lmnwbi`sebx klwzll` wel ‑R‑ n`g ”U‒s‑ ↛O{lnwb`j n Aiglm id x{iolss R 1 k8 # k>u # l{{i{

zel{l k8 1 oi`swn`w

Wel{l nxxln{s wi kl n mb`ln{ {lmnwbi`sebx klwzll` dmii{ sxnol n`g n``|nm snmls․ Wenw bs- Bs wel N``|nm snmls {lg|ob`j i{ bò{lnsb`j nooi{gb`j wi oen`jl dmii{ sxnol

k> 1 smixl

?<8

?88 s l m n _ m n ;<8 | ` ` N ;88

<8

>88

Dmii{ _xnol

><8



[lj{lssbi` n`nmrsbs bs |slg wi b`tlswbjnwl n`g aiglm wel {lmnwbi`sebx klwzll` n {lsxi`sl tn{bnkml n`g i`l i{ ai{l x{lgbowi{s. \sl mlnsw s~|n{ls x{iolg|{ls zel` ri|{ {lsxi`sl tn{bnkml bs oi`wb`|i|s. \sl xn{wbnm mlnsw s~|n{ls {lj{lssbi` zel` ri|{ x{lgbowi{s n{l ebjemr oi{{lmnwlg i{ i|w`|akl{ ri|{ iksl{tnwbi`s.º i ksl{tnwbi`s.º \sl mijbswbo {lj{lssbi` zel` ri|{ {lsxi`sl tn{bnkml bs onwlji{bonm.Kiwe mlnsw

s~|n{ls n`g mijbswbo {lj{lssbi` alweigs lswbanwl ls wbanwl xn{nalwl{s b` wel aiglm si wenw wel dbw id wel aiglm bs ixwbabvlg. Mlnsw s~|n{ls {lj{lssbi` ab`babvls wel s|a id s~|n{lg l{{i{s wi ikwnb` xn{nalwl{ lswbanwls-



Lunaxml 6 Ri| n{l n an`|dnow|{l{ zei zei zn`ws wi ikwnb` ikwnb` n ~|nmbwr alns|{l i` n x{ig|owx{ig|ow- k|w wel x{iolg|{l wi ikwnb` wel alns|{l bs luxl`sbtl. Wel{l bs n` b`gb{low nxx{inoe- zeboe |sls n gbddl{l`w x{ig|ow soi{l %_oi{l >" b` xmnol id wel now|nm ~|nmbwr alns|{l %_oi{l ;". Webs nxx{inoe bs mlss oiswmr k|w nmsi bs mlss x{lobsl. Ri| on` |sl {lj{lssbi` wi sll bd _oi{l > luxmnb`s n sbj`bdbon`w nai|`w id tn{bnòl b` _oi{l ; wi glwl{ab`l bd _oi{l > bs n` noolxwnkml s|kswbw|wl di{ _oi{l ;.

_oi{ _oi{l> l> _oi{ _oi{l; l; 7 .> ; .> ; .; > .< ; .: > .: 4 .8 ; .< 5 .< ? .8 7 .> ; .> 2 .8 ? .; 5 .8 ; .5 : .< ; .<



> Oeiisl _wnw 0 [lj{lssbi` 0 [lj{lssbi`. ; B` [lsxi`sl [lsxi`sl-- l`wl{ _oi{l;. ? B` X{lgbowi{s X{lgbowi{s-- l`wl{ _oi{l>. 7 Omboc IC.

[lj{lssbi` N`nmrsbs6 _oi{l; tl{s|s _oi{l> Wel {lj{lssbi` l~|nwbi` bs _oi{l; 1 >.>; # 8.;>5 _oi{l> X{lgbowi{ Oild _L Oild W X Oi`swn`w >.>>:: 8.>82? >8.;? 8.888 _oi{l> 8.;>:4: 8.8>:78 >;.<> 8.888 _ 1 8.>;:7>2 [!_~ 1 2<.:, [!_~%ngf" 1 2<.>, Wel [; tnm|l seizs wenw _oi{l > luxmnb`s 2<.:, id wel tn{bnòl b` _oi{l ;- b`gbonwb`j wenw wel aiglm dbws wel gnwn luw{lalmr zlmm.

N`nmrvl


N`nmrvl Xensl • 7A Gbnj{na • Erxiwelsbs Wlswb`j • Aln` Wlswb`j • Tn{bnòl Wlswb`j • [lj{lssbi` N`nmrsbs

Wel Nba id wel N`nmrvl Xensl bs wi 6 n. Wi Mbsw giz` nmm wel Xissbkml dnowi{s we{i|je K{nb`swi{ab`j. k. Xboc i|w wel Tbwnm dlz Xiwl`wbnm Dnowi{s i|w id W{btbnm An`r. o . _wnwbswbonm tl{bdbonwbi` tl{bdbon wbi` id Xiwl`wbnm Dnowi{s kr aln`s aln`s id tn{bi|s wrxl id Wlsws. g . Nsol{wnb`b`j zelwel{ zl entl oi`sbgl{lg nmm dnowi{s $ ìweb`j bs Mldw I|w.


N`nmrvl ! On|sl $ Lddlow Gbnj{na 7 A Gbnj{na AN@

ANOEB@L On|sl

On|sl

On|sl

On|sl

Lddlow

On|sl On|sl On|sl ALWEIG

ANWL[BNM

7 A % An`- Alweig- Anoeb`l $ Anwl{bnm " Gbnj{na bs |slg wi mbsw giz` nmm wel X{iknkml dnowi{s %on|sls " {lsxi`sbkml di{ wel Anfi{ X{ikmla % Lddlow ". Ndwl{ k{nb`swi{ab`j wel _bj`bdbon`w Dnowi{s n{l slmlowlg di{ d|{wel{ oiaxn{bsi` % Erxiwelsbs Wlswb`j " Wel _raxwia i{ {ls|mw bs x|w |`gl{ wel Gn{c Kiu i` Kiu i` wel [bjew.. Mbjewl{ Kiuls nw wel l`g id wel Mn{jl Ki`ls n{l anb` j{i|xs j{i|xs b` zeboe bglns n{l omnssbdblg. Wel Mbjewl{ Kiuls oi`sbsw id Di|{ id Di|{ As ! An`-Al ! An`-Alweigweig- Anoeb`l $ Anwl{bnm. Wel Abggml Ki`ls b`gbonwls wel gb{lowbi` id xnwe d{ia on|sl wi lddlow.

N`nmrvl



Wel wlsw di{ l~|nm tn{bnòls jl`l{nwls n xmiw wenw gbsxmnrs Ki`dl{{i`b 2<, oi`dbglòl b`wl{tnms di{ wel {lsxi`sl swn`gn{g gltbnwbi` nw lnoe mltlm. Kn{wmlww*s n`g Mltl`l*s wlsw {ls|mws n{l gbsxmnrlg b` kiwe wel _lssbi` zb`giz n`g b` wel j{nxe. @iwl wenw wel 2<, oi`dbglòl mltlm nxxmbls wi wel dnabmr id b`wl{tnms n`g wel nsraalw{r id wel b`wl{tnms bs g|l wi wel sclz`lss id wel oeb!s~|n{l gbsw{bk|wbi`. Di{ wel xiwnwi {iw lunaxml- wel x!tnm|ls id 8.:77 n`g 8.5<5 n{l j{lnwl{ wen` {lnsi`nkml oeibols id n- si ri| dnbm wi {lflow wel `|mm erxiwelsbs id wel tn{bnòls klb`j l~|nm. Wenw bswelsl gnwn gi ìw x{itbgl lì|je ltbglòl wi w i omnba wenw wel xix|mnwbi`s entl |`l~|nm tn{bnòls.

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