UKM auditorium

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 1 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II

1.0

INTRODUCTION

Learning the topic of lighting and sound system in an enclosed area, we are being conducted to do a research in an auditorium. This research is done to evaluate and examine the level of effectiveness of sound and lighting system in the auditorium. A good auditorium will give satisfaction to the people in it and have a consistence sound level that can be received by the ears. We have chosen Dewan Canselor Tun Abdul Razak (DECTAR), University Kebangsaan Malaya (UKM) as our auditorium to do the research. This auditorium is constructed on 1970 and can occupied 3300 peoples. This auditorium is use for any art and culture events, convocation events, annual dinner, competition and examination. Typically the system and technology used before in this auditorium is the old technology and not too effective compared to the new high technology auditorium used nowadays. But, improvements have been made to increase the quality of the auditorium. In this report, we have included all the details of the auditorium through observations and research at University Kebangsaan Malaya.


2.0

History and Background of the Auditorium Chancellor Tun Abdul Razak Auditorium Hall or DECTAR is a main hall of the oldest and largest in the National University of Malaysia or known as UKM. This auditorium was used for the first time at UKM Convocation Ceremony of the 6th. Construction began on 21st June 1976 it was costing RM692,228.21 and 153.450 square feet completed. DECTAR is the largest hall in Malaysia at that time. DECTAR was inaugurated on 29th September 1979 by Y.A.B Tun Haji Abdul Razak bin Hussein. This hall is also used for formal events such as convocation ceremony, university final examination, staff awards ceremony, heritage performance and any celebration.

Photo 2.1: DECTAR in 1984

Photo 2.2: DECTAR in 2013


3.0

Preview of the Auditorium

This auditorium can be declared as multi purpose auditoria. Because it is used for formal events such as convocation ceremony, conference/ speech, university final examination, staffs and students awards ceremony, heritage performance, music and any celebration. Before enter the DECTAR auditorium, peoples will pass through the Tun Abdul Razak gallery. This gallery displays all the art work by Latif Mohaidden and have unique fretwork which is seen as “syahadah’. This gallery located in between of entrance of the auditorium and entrance of building. This floor area of the auditorium is 105' x 104.6' made up from dark brownish

colour parquet with pattern it can placed

1200 portable banquet seats and 150 round table and 2100 terrace seats. This material good from any various aspect performance such as the amount of light, its direction, intensity and colour (for example artificial light) all have a decisive influence on the impression created by parquet. For example, can create interesting reflections with an oiled floor, good reception of speech and music is that the performance is intelligible, the clarity quality of the sound, cleanliness and maintenance.

Besides that, ergonomic planning and colour coordination for

this

hall

plays

important role to give comfort and better environment for users. Because, matching with contra combination colour for the dark brownish colour for the wall surrounding and floor give nice eye views and cream/white colour terrace seat and ceiling give the audiences feel enjoy and relax during watching performance.

And the raise stage area is 33' x 78.7' and made up from wood floor and composite concrete with fire insulation and covered with carpet. This stage placed the performer, musician and audio visual system. The chosen colour for this carpet

stage

is soft blue colour to match dark and soft colour from the auditorium surrounding. Dramatic stage lighting system, including front lighting, foot lighting, spot lights, follow spot lights, beam lights, flood lights. Step lights recessed into floor risers at each seating tier. Wall mounted low light level sconce lights along side walls, downlight lamps at ceiling.


Air distribution system for this auditoria type requires a 30% increases in cooling capacity of constant volume with modulated temperature control. But according to interviewee, air distribution system separate into

zones for hall auditorium, stage

area, audience seating, lobby and projection spaces.

Photo 3.1: Fretwork “syahadah’ at gallery and DECTAR auditorium view

Photo 3.2: Ergonomic planning and colour coordination between floor and terrace seat

Photo3.3: Raise stage and lighting


4.0

DESIGN & LAYOUT OF THE AUDITORIUM Design of the auditorium is based on prestige design which symbolizes the objectives of the university itself. The main function of the auditorium at first is for any official events of the university and art and culture events. So, the design is more likely as a main attraction to the university on a 3.5 hectare of land. This auditorium is attach to the Panggung Seni which located behind of the auditorium or to be exact backstage of the auditorium. Panggung Seni is another small auditorium for art events and recording for television show such as ‘Pi Mai Pi Mai Tang Tu’. These two auditoriums are located in one large building structure includes office area for technical group. Distance of the auditorium from the main road is 10 meters.

Panggung Seni Main road

Parking Area DECTAR Dewan Tun Abdul Razak

10 metres

Main Entrance

Figure 4.1: Layout of the building from main road


Photo 4.1: Front view of DECTAR

Photo 4.2: Side

view of DECTAR

According to the layout plan of the building, it consists of three levels which is the ground floor, first level and second level. The auditorium remains in the centre of the building. The ground floor consists of the seating area for audiences, main stage, store which located under the staging seat, toilets, lobby, fitting room, lighting room, VIP rooms, Gamelan studio, post guard, and foyer of auditorium. As mention before, this auditorium does not have backstage because it being attach to another small auditorium behind the stage which is Panggung Seni. During art and culture event, the Panggung

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 7 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Seni is use as backstage for preparation for the show and changing costume area. From the main entrance, it can be seen the stage which located opposite with the main entrance and there is empty space in the middle of the auditorium. The seats for audiences located at the both side of the auditorium and another one opposite with the stage. First floor of the auditorium includes of control room where it control the lighting, sound and slide during the events. It also consists of art foyer, store, VIP rooms, toilets, pre-view room, prayer room, technical office, technician room, air-condition room, dance studio, second layer for staging seat and dimmer which located near to the stage. The control room of the auditorium located opposite with the stage to give full view of the auditorium and the stage. The second floor level is the top of auditorium where maintenance work is done. This area is where the light axle is located. Only technician and maintenance people can enter this area. Around this floor level also located the Wayang Kulit studio, designers room, coach theater room, gallery, A.H.U room, cultural office, water storage tank, toilets, prayer room and store. Refers to the layout plan, this auditorium is rectangular shape and have lots of rooms around the building. The designed is wide spans and multiple stories high because to accommodate seating, sightline and acoustical requirement. The entire layout plan for this auditorium is being attach in the appendix section of the report.


5.0

ELEMENTS OF THE AUDITORIUM This auditorium has many elements that made and cover from different types of materials. The elements are wall, floor, ceiling, doors, stage, seats and stairs. These elements are cover and made from different types of material that have different purpose and effect for the acoustical purpose. All the elements are described below:

i.

Seats

Photo 5.1: Terrace seats in the auditorium

Photo 5.2: Terrace seats and moveable seats view from top

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 9 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II This is terrace seat which being arrange in terraces to allow full sightlines for audiences to see the view on stage. In this auditorium, terrace seat located on both side of auditorium and at the main entrance. It consists of 2100 units of terrace seat which cover with cream colour leather and 1200 moveable seats which being arrange at the centre of the auditorium.

ii.

Wall

Photo 5.3: Strip wooden wall

Photo 5.4: Strip wooden wall layer with fiber glass


Photo 5.5: Wooden block attach to the wall For wall, this auditorium use wood as it finishes. The concrete wall is layer with fiber glass to absorb the sound and avoid it from escape to outside of the auditorium. Then, it finishes with strip of wooden block for the interior of the auditorium. Strip wooden block is choosing because of esthetic purpose. The strip wooden blocks is arranged with a large space in between it to allow full absorption of the sound through out of the auditorium. Huge wooden block is attach to the wall near both side of stage to allow the sound reflect on the surface of the wooden block to the audiences in the auditorium.

Interior

Wooden block

Exterior

Concrete wall Fiber glass layer

Figure 5.1: Cross section wall of auditorium


iii.

Floor

Photo 5.6: Parquet floor

Parquet is use for floor finishes for the center area of the auditorium. During the time it constructed, parquet is famous as floor finishes. So, parquet is chosen instead of carpet and it is easy to be clean. It also reflects the light in the auditorium which gives shinning effect to the floor area. This parquet only use at the center of the auditorium and concrete floor is use for the seating area.


iv.

Ceiling

Photo 5.7: Ceiling of the auditorium

Photo 5.8: Close-up view of the ceiling area This auditorium using plaster ceiling with some tiny hole finishes at the plaster ceiling surface. The tiny holes is for decorative purpose and also act as sound absorber where it allows sound to travel through the hole. In other word, this type of ceiling does not reflect the sound in the auditorium.


v.

Door

Photo 5.9: Double layer wooden door

First layer door

Second layer door Photo 5.10: Overview of double layer door

Double layer door is use for main entrance door in this auditorium and it made from wood. Double layer door is use to make sure the loud sound in the auditorium do not escape to the outside. The span of the door is large and thick to insulate the sound in the auditorium.


vi.

Stage

Photo 5.11: Over view of stage

Photo 5.12: Close view of stage finishes Stage is center of attraction in an auditorium. This stage has two levels and it is cover with carpet as it finishes. Stage is where all the performance and speech take place. This stage is decorated with some plant infront of it and cover with carpet and curtain. Carpet and curtain is use not only for esthetic value but also as a material that can absorb sound.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 15 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II vii.

Stairs

Photo 5.13: Stairs in auditorium with tile finishes Stair in this auditorium is finished by using light colour tile. This type of tile is used to reflect sound in the auditorium. The tile colour is soft because to allow the light to reflect. In terms of ergonomic planning, it gives relaxing view and feel to the audiences to focus on the stage.

viii.

Curtain


First layer curtain Second layer curtain

Photo 5.14: Stage curtain

This stage have double layer curtain used during performance. This curtain is control by the rotary motor. The first layer of curtain is to cover the stage area while the second layer curtain is to cover the board on the stage wall. This curtain also function to absorb sound as it made from high quality and thick material besides as decoration purpose.

6.0

EQUIPMENT USED IN THE AUDITORIUM

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 17 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II In order to have a good quality of sounds received by the users of the auditorium, here are the equipment used in the auditorium:-

6.1

Loudspeaker System 1) Electro-voice X-Line Compact Full-Bandwidth Line Array ( 2 units)

Photo 6.1: Electro-voice X-Line Compact Full-Bandwidth Line Array

a) X-Line is a sound loudspeaker system that combines high-level sonic impact and vocal intelligibility with the uniform, predictable coverage that only a line array can deliver. b) It has been designed axis-symmetrical and thus eliminate the problems inherent in horizontal arrays. Such design helps to ensure that every


users received the same quality, the same volume of sound same as the front users, despite they sit at the back of the auditorium. c) It is compact, and lightweight. d) It is paired with a Hydra system, which is a plane-wave generator that can be tuned to produce optimal wave-front geometry for any design. Thus, it results in giving superior high-frequency summing troughout the entire listening field, near or far. e) It is portable, where it can be pull out and placed anywhere.

2)

Passive Loudspeaker

Photo 6.2: Passive Loudspeaker

a) This kind of loudspeaker is installed fixed to the wall. b) The quality produce by this kind of loudspeaker is not really good since at only projects sounds for the audience who sits near to it. For the audience who sits at the back, they can’t hear the sounds the same level as the audience who sits in front.


3)

Monitor speaker

Photo 6.3: Monitor speaker

a) This speaker is used by the performer of that particular event.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 20 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II b) The performer has a separated speaker since when they perform on stage, they actually can’t hear the voice or sound produce from themselves. That is why they need a separated speaker.

6.2

Sound System Control Console For most of the activities or performance held in the auditorium of UKM, either it is for speech or live music performance, they used a modern sound system control. Nevertheless, if the activity is only for minor purposes by means of, a good quality is not the priority, and then they will use the conventional sound system which located in the control room. 1) Pearl Expert Avolites sound control consoles


Photo 6.4: Pearl Expert Avolites sound control consoles

a) This sound system console is used to control over the overall quality of sounds produce from the performance. b) It is installed together with CD/DVD and USB stick connection. c) It is portable sound controller thus it can be placed anywhere. Usually, they will placed it at the end of auditorium, facing the stage. d) For any complaints received from the listener about the sound produce, the person whom incharge will adjust what necessary to be fixed by controlling any buttons installed at this console.


2) Conventional sound control system console

Photo 6.5: Conventional sound control system console

a) This conventional sound control console located in control room. b) The application of this console is very seldom, as the quality of sound produce is not really good and it is frequently broken.


6.3

Video Projector

Photo 6.6: Video projector

a)

Video projector is an image projector which receive video signal from the inputs (computer) and projects that particular image to the projection screen using a lens systems.

b)

For this auditorium, the projector is hanging at the above air by the supports from projector holder.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 24 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II c)

It is usually used when there is activities for dinner, awards ceremony, speech, and etc.

6.4

Projection Screen

Photo 6.7: Fixed frame projection screen


a) Projection screen is used to display the projected image to the view of the audience which been projected by using video projector. b) For UKM’s auditorium, they had installed two types of projection screen which are electric screen and fixed frame. c) Apart from the main auditorium, they also have installed one canvas-type projection screen at the other auditorium, which located at the back side of the main auditorium. It is used when the convocation ceremony, for the purpose of the audience that have not been allowed to enter

the main

auditorium. So these people still can watch the convocation ceremony from the second auditorium.

Electric Projection Screen

Photo 6.8: Electric Projection Screen

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 26 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II 6.5

Microphones

Figure 6.9: Vocal microphone

Figure 6.10: Instrument microphone

a) Microphones are a type of transducer which converts the pressure waves caused by sound into vibrations within a coil which transform the vibrations into electric signal. b) These electric signals will be sent by using wire or wireless to an amp or mixer to speakers or recording device. c)

In this auditorium, they used two types of microphones, which is a vocal microphone and instrument microphone.

d) Vocal microphone is used when the quality of sounds is not a priority (for example speech purpose). Meanwhile, instrument microphone is used when the performance need a good quality of sound and to enhance the sound produced by the users (for example live music band) e) UKM’s auditorium used both wireless and wire type of microphone,

6.6.

Spotlight


1)

PARABOLIC ALUMINIZED REFLECTOR (PAR) LED SPOTLIGHT Photo 6.11: Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (Par) Led Spotlight

Photo 6.12: Top view of Parabolic Aluminized Reflector (Par) Led Spotlight

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 28 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II a) This type of spotlight is used to give effects by emitting various of colours to shows the mood for that particular performance. b) It is installed at the catwalk of the stage. c) The position is adjustable. d) It is normally used when there is special performance such as theaters and music live band when the lighting will enhance the performance.

2)

Follow Spotlight

Photo 6.13: Follow Spotlight a) This spotlight is portable. It can be placed anywhere. The stand will be attached together as the support of the spotlight. b) It is used to emit the light when the VIPs are walking heading to their position. Thus, the light from this spotlight will follow their movement. c) It is controlled manually, by means of it will need a humanforce to move the rotation.

6.7

Downlight


Photo 6.14: Ceiling mounted Downlight

Photo 6.15:Ceiling Downlight

a) There are various types of downlight installed in this auditorium. Nevertheless, the functions are the same. b) It is used as the main source of light, and used when there is formal occasions such as examinations and convocation.

6.8 Fluorescent Light


Photo 6.16: Fluorescent Light

a) A line of fluorescent light is used to give visibility to the performer at the stage and to enhance the advertisement shown on the board.

6.9

Lighting Control Panel


Photo 6.17: Lighting Control Panel a) This control panel will control the overall lighting in the auditorium either they want to turn on/off the lights. b) It also to control the dimness of the lights.

7.0

INSTRUMENT UPDATE OF THE AUDITORIUM In DECTAR, the instrument used is very update and suitable to the function of the auditorium that is multi-purpose. There is some instruments update in the DECTAR auditorium.


7.1

Sound Amplifier Use to reduce the sound problem that produces by the acoustical sound effects. The effects are the reverberation, echo and delay of sound. This amplifier also uses to adjust the sound setting like the volume of sound and others to be suitable to the function in the auditorium.

Photo 7.1: Pearl Expert Avolites

7.2

Vertical Curve Speaker

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 33 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II This is the latest type of speaker use in every function neither in auditorium or open function like concert. This speaker installed suspended at the ceiling of the auditorium. This speaker in shape of curve shape. The speaker comes in three or more speaker that combines in curve frame to form the curve shape in vertical position. The vertical position will spread the sound from front to the back of the auditorium. Its cover the distribution of sound and the entire listener at every position in the auditorium can hear the sound in the same decibel.

Photo 7.2: Electro-voice X-Line Compact Full-Bandwidth Line Array

7.3

Rotary Motor

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 34 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Used at the backstage. This rotary motor use to move the curtain at the stage. In DECTAR, there have two rotary motor. The motor only one in use and the other installed as standby rotary motor. This motor also uses to move the colour lighting on the stage.

Photo 7.3: Rotary Motor

7.4

Lighting This auditorium installed with various type of lighting system and equipment. For example, the auditorium has yellow and white lamp. This white and yellow lamps use in different function in the auditorium. for example, the white lamp use in formal function and the yellow lamp use for not formal function like dinner. This lighting come in downlight and small spotlight. On stage installed with colour spotlight to give dramatic effect on stage.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 35 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Photo 7.4: Downlight in auditorium

7.5

Monitor Speaker This equipment is placed on the stage and facing to the performer. The monitor speaker is functioning as the guidance to the performer. The performer can hear what they say and the sound through this speaker. There are about five number of monitor speaker on stage in DECTAR auditorium used. The five speaker will cover all the area on stage.

Photo 7.5: Monitor speaker

8.0

ACOUSTICAL EFFECTS & LIGHTING OF THE AUDITORIUM The auditorium in University Kebangsaan Malaysia (UKM) called as Dewan Tun Abdul Razak (DECTAR), it has own acoustical effect. All the effects influence the performance of the auditorium. The effect also depends on the elements of the auditorium such as the wall, ceiling, floor, furniture, finishes and the audients in the auditorium. There is the effect of acoustical of DECTAR auditorium.

8.1

Reverberation and Echo


Echo means the repetition of a sound resulting from reflection of the sound waves. The sound produce in the space will repeating and disturb the other sound. The reverberation will form when the listener receive to many reflection of sound that produce from the space elements like wall and floor. In DECTAR, the reverberation also produced but the finishes that used in the auditorium that absorb the sound reduce this sound effect. There are some examples the finishes that install to reduce the reverberation in DECTAR.

8.1.1

Timber finishes on wall The wall of the auditorium installed with timber in batten shape. The batten timber not just installed independent on the wall but it come with the fiber glass layer install before the batten. The timber batten installs with some space between each timber about half inch to allow the sound flow through the space and the fiber glass layer will reduce the reverberation effect.

Photo 8.1: Strip wooden block wall

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 37 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II 8.1.2

Carpet on floor Floor at VIP seat area is using carpet for it finishes. The type of carpet used in the auditorium is the type of absorb the sound. So, the entire sound passes the carpet will absorb the sound and avoid it from reflect around the auditorium. It is also for decorative purpose.

Photo 8.2: Carpet use floor finishes near VIP seat

8.1.3

Furniture The factor of using the suitable furniture will help to reduce the acoustical effects in the auditorium. In DECTAR, the furniture use like seats and others are made to absorb the sound reverberation and echo.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 38 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Photo 8.3: Seat 8.1.4

Honeycomb Type Ceiling This type of ceiling use about 90% in this auditorium. The honeycomb ceilings absorbs more sound and reduce the reflection of sound. So, by using the honeycomb type ceiling, the acoustical effect like reverberation and echo will be reduce in DECTAR auditorium.

Photo 8.4: Honeycomb plaster ceiling 8.2 Delay The delay of sound form when the sound receive late to the receiver. It can be see when the sound receive to the listener. In DECTAR, this effect reduce by using mechanical instrument. The auditorium is install with new and update sound amplifier. This equipment will control by the trained technician. The technician will make the maintenance to this equipment once a month. The equipment also will adjust to be suitable to the function in the auditorium. The technician who control the sound amplifier will use the equipment to reduce the delay effect in the auditorium. So, the sound can be listening and receive to the listener clearly. 8.3 Lighting Performance For the lighting, the auditorium installed with various type of lighting system and equipment. The auditorium use many type of lighting system. For example, the auditorium has yellow and white downlight. This white and yellow downlight use for

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 39 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II different purpose in the auditorium. The white lamp use in formal function and the yellow lamp use for informal function like dinner. This lighting comes in downlight and small spotlight. The stage lighting system installed with colour spotlight to give dramatic effect on stage. The lighting on stage can be move by the rotary motor.

Photo 8.5: View of downlight in the auditorium

9.0

PERFORMANCE OF AUDITORIUM There are various performances that can be done in the UKM’s main auditorium. Some of the performances are:1) Convocation ceremony 2) Awards winning ceremony 3) Dinner 4) Music live band shows 5) Speech giving ceremony 6) Examination for the students

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 40 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II For every kinds of performances which be held in this auditorium, they will use modern system or conventional systems of sound control system. For instance, if the performance is only main for speech purpose, they will use conventional sound control system which located in control room. But, if the performance requiring a good quality of sound, for example music live band shows, they will use modern equipment system to control over the sound systems. The modern type of control systems is able to produce a better quality of sound.

This is also applied when it comes to the lighting system. If the performance requires a good quality of lighting with various colours and lighting effects, for example when there is theatre performance, they will use spotlight which have various colours and adjustable intensity to give mood to the audience. Nevertheless, if the performance is requiring full attention and clear vision to the audience, for example for academic examination for the students, they will use normal lighting which is recessed downlight.

10.0

MANAGEMENT OF THE AUDITORIUM

The function of management of the auditorium is to always make sure that this auditorium is functioning well and always been ready to be use weather by the student or the outsider. It also has to prepare all the facilities needed for this auditorium to make sure this auditorium have all the advance system that an auditorium needs. In this auditorium, they need to fill a form manually to Pusat Kebudayaan Universiti Kebangsaan Malaysia to book the auditorium. In the form they have to state their personal detail like name, address and phone number. Then they also had to state the purpose they need to use the auditorium and they had to state which area they need

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 41 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II to use. Besides that, in the form they have to state that for how long they need to use the auditorium and inform to the management what kind of facilities that they need. After the management received the form, they will decide whether their application is passing or not. If they get the auditorium, Pusat Kebudayaan UKM will give the approval letter. In this latter, it will state all the data that has been inform by the applicant as references. For the applicant, they can state in the application form what they need to be providing during their event and the management team will try to provide what they need. For example, music instrument tables and chairs.

Photo 10.1: Example of the approval letter

Then, all the activities will be supervised by En Mohd Shahril b. Mohd Sharif who is technician of Pusat Kebudayaan. He will be record all the activities or the condition of the auditorium before, during and after the event. What he observes will be record in one book and will be check by officer of Pusat Kebudayaan. If after the event there are some damage happen in the auditorium, action will be taken to make sure this auditorium always in good condition.


For sound and lighting management, if there is any event conducted in this auditorium, the lighting and sound system will be control by soundman and lighting man. Rehearsal will be conduct for every event to know the suitable lighting and good sound system produce during the event. This is also to make sure the event is run smoothly without any technical problem. If there is any slide or video that want to be project through the LCD, it will be made through the control room and rehearsal also need to be conduct to make sure the LCD is functionally well. In addition, this auditorium also provides a generator as a backup if in case that there is a blackout.

Photo 10.2: Report book


Photo 10.3: LCD rehearsal

11.0

MAINTENANCE OF THE AUDITORIUM

For the maintenance part, the regular maintenance will be done regularly once a week. So, the technician of the auditorium will be in charge to check the entire component in the auditorium. This is including the, audio system, air-cond system, the floor, ceiling, the seats, firefighting system and etc. If the technician find there something wrong or broke with the component, it will be immediately change or repair. If some component is old enough to be change with a new one, it will be change and replace by something new according to the technology. For example, speaker or lighting system. Excluding the light,the light will be maintain once in a three month. Beside that all the report will be record in one book and will be check by officer.

Sound and Lighting System in an Auditorium 44 BCM 553 Environmental Science & Engineering II Photo 11.1: Report book for maintenance In addition if they receive any complain or feedback about any defect in the auditorium, immediate action will be taken by the technician. The complaint or the feedback can be made through UKM online portal in feedback and report slot. But only UKM student and staff can get through the portal. The technician will go through the portal from time to time to make sure he update about all the complaint or the report related to the auditorium and take immediate action. If action already be made, the solution will be record also through the portal.

Photo 11.2: UKM online portal


Photo 11.3: Maintenance checklist

If there is serious cases like vandalism, technician will be see how big the damages is and will make a report about the vandalism. After writing report had been made, including with the proof like picture or etc. action will be made to repair all the damages. The example of the report of the vandalism can be referring in appendix in this report.

Photo 11.4: Example of vandalism report


12.0

CONCLUSION

In a conclusion, by doing this case study we can analyze the important for an auditorium to provide sufficient sound and lighting as it affect the audiences comfort. It also affects the entire performance in the auditorium. The sound level provided must be accurate and can be received by the normal human ear level. Benefits from this research it allows us to see and interperate how the surrounding in the auditorium and it acoustical effect affects the material and elements in the auditorium itself. From our observation, four main aspects which is design, layout, element and equipment used in the auditorium plays important role in this DECTAR performance. Even though this DECTAR was built half a century but this auditorium still performs well with some new technologies applies in the auditorium. This is all to give good acoustical effect and provide best performance of auditorium together with the high technology of lighting system.


13.0

REFERENCES

i)

En Pusat Kebudayaan officer in UKM

UKM auditorium

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