Types of Biotechnology

Types of Biotechnology •

Microbial Biotechnology

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 Agricultural Biotechnology Biotechnology

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 Animal Biotechnology Biotechnology

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Forensic Biotechnology

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Bioremediation

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 Aquatic Biotechnology Biotechnology

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Medical Biotechnology

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Regulatory Biotechnology

Microbial Biotechnology – Biotechnology – manipulation of microorganisms such as yeast and bacteria

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Create better enzymes

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More efficient decontamination processes for industrial waste product removal

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sed to clone and produce large amounts of important proteins used in human medicine

Agricultural Biotechnology  – 

!lants more environmentally friendly that yield more per acre "genetically engineered#

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Resistance to diseases and insects

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Foods with higher protein or vitamin content

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$rugs developed and grown as plant products

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%hese better plants ultimately reduce production costs to help feed the growing world population

Animal Biotechnology  – 

 Animals as a source source of medically medically valuable proteins •

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 Antibodies %ransgenic animals

 Animals as important important models in basic basic research •

&ene '(noc(out' e)periments

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$esign and testing of drugs and genetic therapies

 Animal cloning •

*ource of transplant organs

Animal Biotechnology  – 

transgenic animal: way animal: way to achieve large scale production of therapeutic proteins from animals for use in humans

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Female transgenic animals e)press therapeutic proteins in mil( "contains genes from another source#

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+)ample, human genes coding for clotting proteins can be introduced into female goats for production of these proteins in their mil(

Animal Biotechnology

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Gene knockout: •

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$isrupt a gene in the animal and then loo( at what functions are affected in the animal as a result of the loss of the gene %his allows researchers to determine the role and function of the gene *ince humans are similar to rats and mice- gene (noc(out studies in rats and mice can lead to better understanding of gene function in humans.

Work in groups and give an example of a gene you would like to knockout in mice •

!orensic Biotechnology  – 

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$/A fingerprinting •

0nclusion or e)clusion of a person from suspicion

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!aternity cases

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0dentification of human remains

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+ndangered species

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%rac(ing and confirmation of the spread of disease

Bioremediation  – 

%he use of biotechnology to process and degrade a variety of natural and manmade substances •

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!articularly those that contribute to environmental pollution

 +)ample – stimulated growth of bacteria that degrade components in crude oil •

1232 +))on 4aldez oil spill in Alas(a

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5616 $eep 7ater 8orizon spill promoted research into natural oil9degrading organisms and enzymes

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Bioremediation – adding nutrients to stimulate growth of bacteria to clean up oil spill

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A"uatic Biotechnology  – 

A"uaculture – raising finfish or shellfish in controlled conditions for use as food sources •

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:6; of all fish consumed by humans worldwide

Genetic engineering •

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$isease9resistant strains of oysters 4accines against viruses that infect salmon and other finfish %ransgenic salmon that overproduce growth hormone

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Bioprospecting, rich and valuable sources of new genes- proteins and metabolic processes with important applications for human benefits •

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Marine plan(ton and snails found to be rich sources of antitumor and anticancer molecules

Medical Biotechnology  – 

0nvolved with the whole spectrum of human medicine

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!reventive medicine

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$iagnosis of health and illness

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%reatment of human diseases

/ew information from 8uman &enome !ro=ect •

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*tem cell technologies

#tem cells – grown in lab and then treated with different chemicals to allow them to develop into specific (inds of tissues needed for transplant Current use, stem cells are used for diabetes> spinal cord in=uries Work in groups to come up with a list of other diseases you have read about in the newspaper or heard on the news that scientists are testing with stem cells $egulatory Biotechnology  – 

%uality Assurance &%A' •

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 All activities involved in regulating the final quality of a product

%uality (ontrol &%(' •

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&ene therapy

!art of ?A process that involves lab testing and monitoring of processes and applications to ensure consistent product standards %ogether ?A and ?C ensure that biotechnology products meet strict standards for purity and performance

Why as a consumer should you care about a product undergoing intense regulations)