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TEST of VISUAL PERCEPTUAL SKILLS3RD EDITION
TVPS-3 Caroline LaPierre Alison Lessard
Test Descr Description iption Author Nan!" A# $artin Pu%lisher A!ade&i! Thera'" Pu%li!ations Co&'lete (it - )*+,# in!ludes e.a&iner/s &anual0 re!ord for&s and !oil-%ound test 'lates#
Test Descr Description iption TVPS-3 !o1ers all of the a2es that ere 're1iousl" !o1ered %" the TVPS-R and TVPS-UL-R
Uses %la!( and hite line drain2s for all of the 'er!e'tual tas(s#
Presented in &ulti'le !hoi!e for&at and res'onses !an %e &ade 1er%all" or %" 'ointin2#
No %asals are set and !eilin2s are rea!hed after 3 !onse!uti1e ron2 ansers#
TVPS-3 Theoretical Background What is Visual Perception? Allos us to 'ro!ess 1isual 1isual sti&uli sti&uli to identif" identif" hat e see# see#
Pro!ess %" hi!h &eanin2 is atta!hed to 1isual sti&uli and %elie1ed to %e a &ain !o&'onent of !o2nition0 learnin2 and de1elo'&ent#
Current 1ies %elie1e that 1isual 'er!e'tion %oth influen!es0 and is influen!ed %" !o2nition#
TVPS-3 Theoretical Background In order to 'er!ei1e o%4e!ts an indi1idual needs to %e a%le to identif" and o%4e!t !orre!tl" e1en hen the o%4e!t &a" %e seen in a different orientation or if onl" 'art of it is seen Identif" one o%4e!t a&on2 others in !lose 'ro.i&it" (no here an o%4e!t is in relation to oneself or other o%4e!ts
5 5 5
6i1e !ate2ories of 1isual 'er!e'tion are 1isual dis!ri&ination0 s'atial relationshi's0 1isual &e&or" & e&or"00 fi2ure-2round and 1isual !losure#
TVPS-3 Theoretical Background Per!e'tual s(ills are not !onsidered to %e inde'endent as &ost 1isual 'er!e'tual tas(s are inte2rated in nature#
As a result an" one su%test su%test does not 4ust &easure one 'er!e'tual a%ilit"#
Purpose To 'ro1ide o!!u'ational thera'ists0 s!hool 's"!holo2ists and s'e!ial edu!ators a relia%le and 1alid &easure of a !hild/s 'er!e'tual a%ilities# Visual 'er!e'tual a%ilities are i&'ortant for a!ade&i! s(ills su!h as readin20 it is i&'ortant to understand hi!h 'ro!esses a !hild is ha1in2 diffi!ult" ith#
Appropriate Use The TVPS-III does not &easure si2ht or deter&ine an" 1isual i&'air&ent# TVPS-III does not &easure the !hild7s reasonin2 a%ilit"# A2es 8- to *9-** $a" %e used for dia2nosti! and resear!h 'ur'oses#
Administration Le1el : Assess&ent - There is no s'e!ifi! trainin2 re;uired to ad&inister the TPVS-III#
TVPS-III is a non-lan2ua2e test and the instru!tions !an %e 2i1en in an" lan2ua2e#
Dire!tions and instru!tions !an %e e.'lained at a le1el the !hild !an understand#
Instru!tions &a" %e re'eated %ut further tea!hin2 %e"ond the e.a&'les is not alloed#
Administration Continued The ti&e re;uired to !o&'lete the TVPS-III de'ends on the !hild7s a2e and su!!ess %ut a t"'i!al assess&ent ta(es a%out 3-8 &inutes#
The testin2 en1iron&ent should %e free fro& an" auditor" or 1isual distra!tions #
Tes ests ts are 2enerall" 2 enerall" ad&inistered indi1iduall" indi1idua ll"00 %ut &a" %e ad&inistered to a s&all 2rou'#
Ea!h su%test %e2ins ith < sa&'le ite&s that are folloed %" *, test ite&s arran2ed in order of diffi!ult"# diffi!ult"#
Onl" to su%tests are ti&ed=Visual $e&or" and Se;uential $e&or">
Su!tests TVPS-3 !onsists of + 1isual-'er!e'tual s(ills
Ea!h of the su%tests are arran2ed 'ro2ressi1el" a!!ordin2 to diffi!ult"#
Visual Discrimination "D#S$ Assesses the a%ilit" to &at!h &at!h or deter&ine e.a!t !hara!teristi!s !hara!teristi!s of to for&s hen one for& is a&on2 si&ilar for&s#
Visual %emor& "%'%$
Assesses the a%ilit" to to re&e&%er for i&&ediate re!all =after a%out 8-@ se!onds> all of the !hara!teristi!s of a 2i1en for&0 and %ein2 a%le to find this for& fro& an arra" of si&ilar for&s# Ti&ed Tar2et ite& is 'resented for @ se!onds res'onse is not ti&ed#
Spatial-(elationships "SPA$ A%ilit" to deter&ine0 deter&ine0 fro& a&on2 fi1e for&s of identi!al !onfi2uration0 !onfi2uration0 the one sin2le for& or 'art of a sin2le for& that is 2oin2 in a different dire!tion fro& the other for&s#
)orm-Constanc& )orm-Constanc & "C*+$ Constan!"-a%ilit" to see a for&0 and %ein2 a%le to find that for&0 e1en thou2h the for& &a" %e a different sie0 and des'ite the sie0 %ein2 a%le to deter&ine if the for& is rotated0 re1ersed or hidden a&on2 other for&s#
Se,uential-%emor& "S'$
Ti&ed @ se!onds to loo( at the tar2et ite Ti&ed Res'onse is not ti&ed# A%ilit" to re&e&%er re&e&%er for i&&ediate re!all a series of for&s fro& a&on2 four se'arate se'arate series of for&s#
)igure-.round ").($
A%ilit" to 'er!ei1e a for& 1isuall"0 1isuall"0 and to find this for& hidden in a !on2lo&erate 2round 2round of &atter#
Visual Closure "C/*$ A%ilit" to deter&ine0 deter&ine0 fro& a&on2 four in!o&'lete in!o&'lete for&s0 the one that ould ould %e the sa&e as the !o&'leted for
Scoring and #nterpretation T&pes o0 Scores
S!aled s!ores0 standard s!ores0 'er!entile ran(s0 a2e e;ui1alents
$anual en!oura2es e.a&iners to use standard s!ores0 'er!entile ran(s0 or standard de1iation units rather than 1er%al des!ri'tors hen e.'lainin2 test 'erfor&an!e#
Ne o'tional s!orin2 !o&'onent !onsists of three !o&'osite s!ores :asi! Pro!esses0 Se;uential Pro!essin2 and Co&'le. Pro!esses# Alloin2 the e.a&iner to e1aluate related s(ills &eanin2full" &eanin2full"##
Score #nterpretations Ran2e in 1alue fro& * to *B and ha1e a &ean of * and a standard de1iation de1iation of 3 #ndices and *1erall Standard Scores
Re'orted as standard s!ores and ha1e a &ean of * and standard de1iation de1iation of *@ Percentile (ank
Su22ested s!ore for !o&&uni!atin2 ith 'arents and tea!hers Age-',ui1alencies
Should %e inter'reted ith !aution as 'er!e'tual s(ills de1elo' o1er ti&e# S!aled S!ores
Score #nterpretation Visual 'ro!essin2 de'ends u'on the inte2ration of &an" s(ills0 !hildren ha1in2 'ro%le&s ith 1isual 'er!e'tion &a" & a" 'resent ith different !o&%inations of s"&'to&s and su%test s!ores Other tests0 &edi!al & edi!al and de1elo'&ental de1elo'& ental histor"0 and %eha1ioral o%ser1ations should %e inte2rated to de1elo' a 'rofile of a !hild/s stren2ths and ea(nesses
#nterpretation A !hild7 !hild7s s lo fun!tionin2 fun!tionin2 on one or &ore of the su%tests does not si2nif" that the !hild ill ha1e an a!ade&i! disorder0 4ust as hi2h s!ores on all su%tests do not su22est that the !hild ill %e free of an" a!ade&i! disorders
The results o%tained should %e re1ieed r e1ieed and inter'reted %" the e.a&iner for the 'ur'ose of re&ediation %" s'e!ialists ithin s'e!ifi! areas of e.'ertise#
TVPS-3 Standardi2ation U'dated in <@ a!ross the United States ith a sa&'le of <9 students# $ost e.a&iners ere o!!u'ational thera'ists *B8 $ale and B*8 6e&ale +8 ere Cau!asian A2e
N
Per!enta2e
8-@ , + 9 B * ** *<-*3 *8-*@ *@-*9
*38 <3, <B *+8 *+B <8@ *99 <,B *B8 *9
,#, **#9 *#8 9#+ 9#B *<#3 B#3 *3#8 B#, B#
(elia!ilit& Intersu%test relia%ilit" ran2e is #+@-#99 and #B, for entire test Test-retest relia%ilit" #B+ ran2in2 fro& #38#9* ith the a1era2e ti&e %eteen test <* da"s %" sa&e e.a&iner#
TVPS-3 Validit& Content Validit" test ite&s ere !hosen fro& 're1ious editions of the test and in!luded eas" and diffi!ult ite&s fro& %oth the u''er and loer le1els# Ite& anal"sis as !ondu!ted#
Criterion-Related Validit" The TVPS-3 has a &oderatel" stron2 !orrelation to the Visual Su''le&ent of the :eer" V$I at #,+
Visual Perception and At-(isk Populations LD - De&onstrated diffi!ult" ith 1isual &e&or" and 1isual !losure
Lo :irth ei2ht - so&e %orn ith lesions to 'osterior 1isual 'atha"s s!ored %elo the *th 'er!entile and those ithout lesions s!ored loer than sa&e a2e 'eers o1erall
Readin2 Disa%ilit"D"sle.ia -
def defi!it i!its s in in a%il a%iliit" to &a(e sense of ra'idl" !han2in2 1isual in'ut Dif Diffi!ul i!ult" t" ith for& or& an and s'atial relationshi's B of !hi !hildren i ith readin2 diffi!ulties had defi!its in fi2ure-2round a%ilit"
:rain In4ur" -
-
-
disor2anied sear!h 'atterns lead to ina%ilit" to for&ulate a!!urate 1isual &odels of o%4e!ts 6i2ure-2round defi!its are seen in 1arious %rain in4uries Ri2ht he&is'h s'heri! in4uries &ore diffi!ult" ith 1isual !losure than left he&is'heri!
Strengths *# There are no 1er%al res'onses needed
<# The su%tests and desi2ns are in no a" lan2ua2e related0 all su%4e!ts ha1e an e;ual !han!e#
3# The desi2ns are !ulture-free and free of lan2ua2e s"&%ols
8# The test !an %e ad&inistered to indi1iduals ho are s'ee!h i&'aired0 intelle!tuall" !hallen2ed0 neurolo2i!all" i&'aired0 'artiall" si2hted0 hearin2 i&'aired#
@# Desi2ns are &ade u' of %old %la!( lines and are eas" to see#
,# S!orin2 is ;ui!( and eas" and and a si&'le inter'reti1e 2ra'h !an %e 'ro1ided#
+# Allo Allos s "ou to s!ore ea!h area of 1isual 1isual 'er!e'tion se'aratel"# se'aratel"#
/imitations *# Onl" assesses 1isual 'er!e'tion#
<# No inter'ret inter'retation ation or inter1ention su22estions#
3# Li&ited 'eer re1ie and resear!h#
8# Ade;uate re!e'ti1e lan2ua2e s(ills are re;uired#
Summar& Per!e'tion and !o2nition are !losel" related and &an" dail" tas(s rel" u'on 1isual 'er!e'tion in!ludin2 readin20 ritin20 &athe&ati!al o'erations0 dri1in2 and 'lannin2 of &otor a!tions# The TVPS-3 assesses + se'arate 'er!e'tual tas(s and 'ro1ides an o''ortunit" to loo( at ea!h one se'aratel" as ell as in relation to one another =3 !o&'osite s!ores># Per!e'tual s(ills are not !onsidered to %e inde'endent of ea!h other and &ost e1er"da" tas(s re;uire the 'ro!esses to o!!ur si&ultaneousl"#
(e0erences :ron0 T#0 Elliott0 S#0 :ourne0 R#0 Sutton0 E#0 i220 S#0 $or2an0 D#0 ?lass0 S#0 F Lalor0 A# =<**># The dis!ri&inati1e 1alidit" of three 1isual 'er!e'tion tests# Ne Gealand Hournal of O!!u'ational Thera'"0 @9=<>0 *8-<<# $artin0 N#A# =<,># Test of Visual Per!e'tual S(ills-=3rd ed#># No1ato0 CA A!ade&i! Thera'" Pu%li!ations# $orrison0 ?# =*BB,># Test of Visual Per!e'tion S(ills-Re1ised# "des1ille0 CA Ps"!holo2i!al and Edu!ational Pu%li!ations# Sattler0 H# =<9># Assess&ent of Children Co2niti1e Co2niti1e 6oundations# La $esa0 CA CA Sattler Pu%lisher Pu%lisher In!#