Tsunami Warning System

Tsunami Warning System What is the root of this pathetic disaster? 1) Undersea earth quakes. 2) Volcanic eruptions. 3) Land slides.

Undersea earth quakes:-

The earth’s outer surface is broken in to pieces called tectonic plates. Earth quakes usually usually occur in regions of the earth along tectonic tectonic plate boundaries boundaries called faults faults !here different tectonic plates meet. The chances of occurring of earth quakes are "ery high in these regions due to the collision of these plates as these plates are constantly mo"ing past each other.#ue to this collision a large amount of stress is released.$nfact%&' of all recorded earth quakes occur around the edge of The pacific  plate including (e! )ealand *apua (e! +uinea,apan -anada US and South frica. Those Tsunamis are *o!erful that occurs at a depth shallo!er than /&0ms !ith an epicenter near o r on the ocean floor. $f the sea floor 1o"ement is hori2ontal a tsunami is not generated. The +eneration of these tsunami !a"es depends on the nature and degree of the displacements of the sea !ater column. $t is only the "ertical displacement of sea !ater due to abrupt 3erky mo"ement of fault blocks on the seabed that in"ite the !rath of nature and gi"es birth b irth to po!erful tsunamis.

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Volcanic Volcanic eruption:The tsunami can be actually generated by any disturbance that displaces a large mass of  sea !ater from its equilibrium position. Violent Violent "olcanic eruptions !hich causes sudden displacement of a large "olume of sea !ater can also gi"e 4ise to destructi"e tsunami !a"es. 5ne of the largest and most destructi"e tsunamis e"er recorded !as generated on august 67 89%: after the e;plosion of the "olcano of krakatoa in $ndonesia.

Landslides:Tsunami !a"es are also generated due to displacement of sea !ater resulting from rock falls icefalls and sudden land slides.
5ur international cooperati"e efforts to mitigate the tsunami disaster started o"er  6/ years ago long before the #ecade !as proclaimed and that tsunami is probably the only disaster that has been dealt so effecti"ely on an international scale. This has been made possible through the leadership of $5- in forming the $TSU group. n area !here international cooperation !ill pro"e to be most "aluable !ill be in the further de"elopment of tsunami e"aluation and prediction capability using current technology of satellite data telemetry and communications and use of microcomputers. dequate state of the art seismic and !ater le"el instrumentation rapid telemetry and telecommunications are needed both for data acquisition and for !arning dissemination. These are the most important components for an effecti"e national or regional Tsunami Warning System. The *acific Tsunami Warning System presently makes use of an e;tensi"e seismic and !ater le"el instrumentation net!ork that has been made possible through the generous support of member nations of $TSU through cooperati"e programs  bet!een many agencies and national go"ernments and through programs such as the $nternational Tropical 5cean +lobal tmosphere =T5+> Sea Le"el *rogram What is the arnin! s"ste#?

The key element to tsunami ha2ard mitigation is a tsunami !arning system. ?ut regardless of ho! sophisticated a !arning system may be all it can do is issue a !arning. The effecti"eness of the system is 3udged by !hat -i"il #efense gencies do !ith a !arning. These agencies must ha"e an effecti"e 5perational and Emergency *reparedness *lan to act on the !arning and disseminate it rapidly and effecti"ely to the  public. This can be done only if there is an established operating plan designating

infrastructural communications and responsibilities. This system monitors sea mo"ements and can e used to map the path of Tsunamis and estimates the rate of approach. This comprises hundreds of seismic monitoring stations !orld !ide as !ell as coastal tide gauges besides sophisticated deep ocean assessment and reporting of tsunamis =#4T>  buoys in the pacific basin capable of detecting e"en a centimeter’s difference in the ocean height. Such !arning system sa"ed many li"es in @onolulu in 89/6 !hen an approaching Tsunami !as detected. Supported by /A countries the European communication and :A international organi2ations a global earth obser"ational system is being de"eloped !hich o"er the ne;t decade !ill re"olutioni2e the understanding of earth. 5ne of the ma3or areas of focus of this USBled initiati"e !ould be !eather forecasting and reducing damage caused by national disasters. $ndia is al set to install a similar tsunami !arning centre in the $ndian 5cean called the #eep 5cean assessment and reporting system =#5S4S> Ho a arnin! s"ste# orks?  Tsunami !arning system comprises a net!ork of seismometers tide gauges !ith proper communication systems. The seismographs !ill estimate the strength and location of an earthquake !hereas tide gauges near the epicenter of an earth quake.

This system comprises of a seafloor bottom pressure recording =?*4> system capable of detecting Tsunamis as small as 8cm !hich sends signals to a surface buoy anchored to it. This de"ice basically senses pressure differences caused due to the mo"ement of Tsunami !a"es. (ormal !ind !a"es !hich ha"e much shorter period than Tsunamis are filtered out. $f a tsunami is detected data is uploaded from an onboard computer chip "ia sound signals to a hydrophone that is attached to the surface buoy. The buoy further sends the

data to the geo stationary operational en"ironmental satellite orbiting our planet. The information is then do!n loaded to ground based computers !hich demodulate the signals for immediate dissemination to (5’s Tsunami !arning centers. $ndia is al set to install a similar Tsunami !arning system in the $ndian 5cean called the C#eep 5cean ssessment and 4eporting system =#5S4S>.

What and here these centres located? s part of an international cooperati"e effort to sa"e li"es and protect property the  (ational 5ceanic and tmospheric dministrationDs =(5>  (ational Weather Ser"ice operates t!o tsunami !arning centers. The laska Tsunami Warning -enter =TW-> in *almer laska ser"es as the regional Tsunami Warning -enter for laska ?ritish -olumbia Washington 5regon and -alifornia. The *acific Tsunami Warning -enter in E!a ?each @a!aii ser"es as the regional Tsunami Warning -enter for @a!aii and as a nationalinternational !arning center for tsunamis that pose a *acificB!ide threat. $onclusion: $f $ndia already implanted the !arning center F#eep 5cean ssessment and 4eporting System=#5S4S> for the pathetic disaters especially like this CTsunamiG!e can a"oid the distruction befor hand. %eferences:8>Science reporter !!!.frontlineonnet.com :>!!!.geophys.!ashington.edutsunami A>!!!.!eb.ask.comredir  />!!!.science.sakhalin.org