IN EVERY STEP OF ACHIVING ANY CONCERT, THERE IS NEED OF GUIDENCE, INSPIRATION & HELP FOR BETTER RESULT. I AM HEREBY THANKFULL TO FOLLOWING PERSONS FOR NOT ONLY THEIR VALUABLE INSTRUCTIONS THAT THEY GIVEN ME TO PREPARE THIS PROJECT REPORT BUT ALSO FOR THEIR COOPERATION DURING TRAINING PERIOD.
1. Er. Mr. Santosh Kumar Gupta, XEN/TRG. 2. Er. S.R. Sharma, XEN/EMD-I XEN/EMD-I 3. Er. Shyam Lal, AEE/EMD-I 4. Er. Harish Bhardwaj, AAE-/EMD-I AAE-/EMD-I
I AM EQUALLY THANKFUL TO ALL OTHER WORKERS WHO TRIED THEIR BEST TO HELP ME & PROVIDED ME INFORMATIONS REQUIRED FOR TRAINING AND MY FRIENDS WHO DIRECTLY OR INDIRECTLY HELPED ME FOR COMPLETION OF THIS PROJECT REPORT.
CERTIFICATE To whomsoever it may concern ,Rahul ,Rahul Aggarwal(7EE-73) a student of Electrical & Electronics discipline from Lingayas Inst. of Mgt. & Tech.,Faridabad has completed his vocational training in Panipat Thermal Power Station ,Panipat from 5th July to 4th August ,2010. During the above period, we found him to be very sincere and hardworking. He is well mannered and is very pleasant to move with. I have read the report submitted by him ,it meets the expectations and it accurately reflects the work done by him.
Er. Harish Bhardwaj AAE-I/EMD-I
Er. Shyam Lal AEE/EMD-I
Er. S.R. Sharma XEN/EMD-I
INDEX
* INTRODUCTION
* FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION
* 6.6 KV SUPPLY SYSTEM
* MOTOR H.T.MOTORS L.T MOTORS
* TRANSFORMERS
* SWITCHYARD COMPONENTS
* TURBO GENERATOR
INTRODUCTION
THE SALIENT FEATURES OF THE PLANT ARE AS UNDER:
CAPACITY
4X110MW+2X210MW+2X250MW
UNIT-1
01-11-1979
UNIT-2
27-03-1980
UNIT-3
01-01-1985
UNIT-4
11-01-1987
UNIT-5
28-03-1989
UNIT-6
04-07-2001
UNIT-7
16-10-2004
UNIT-8
02-02-2005
DAILY COAL REQ.
15,000M.T.
HEIGHT OF COOLING TOWERS
123.5 mtr. IN STAGE 1&2 143.5 mtr. IN STAGE 3&4 140 mtr. IN STAGE 5&6
FUNCTIONAL DESCRIPTION THE THERMAL POWER STAT TATION BURNS FUEL & USES THE RESU RESULTA LTANT NT TO MAKE MAKE THE THE STEA STEAM M ,WHI ,WHICH CH DERI DERIVE VES S THE THE TURB TURBO O GENERATOR. THE FUEL i.e. COAL IS BURNT IN PULVERISED FORM . THE PRESSURE ENERGY OF THE STEAM PROUDCED IS CONVERTED INTO INTO MECH MECHAN ANIC ICAL AL ENER ENERGY GY WITH WITH THE THE HELP HELP OF TURB TURBIN INE E . THE THE MECH MECHAN ANIC ICAL AL ENER ENERGY GY IS FED FED TO THE THE GENE GENERT RTOR OR WHER WHERE E THE THE MAGN MAGNET ETS S ROTA ROTATE TES S INSI INSIDE DE A SET SET OF STAT STATOR OR WIND WINDIN ING G & THUS THUS ELECTRICITY IS PROUDUCED. IN INDIA 65% OF TOTAL POWER IS GENERATED BY THERMAL POWER STATIONS. TO UNDERSTAND THE WORK WORKIN ING G OF THE THE THER THERMA MAL L POWE POWER R STAT STATIO ION N PLAN PLANT T ,WE ,WE CAN CAN DIVIDE THE WHOLE PROCESS INTO FOLLOWING PARTS :
1.COAL FLOW: FLOW:
IN COAL FIRED PLANTS, RAW MATERIAL ARE AIR &WATER .IN .IN PTPS PTPS ,COA ,COAL L IS TRAN TRANSP SPOR ORTE TED D THRO THROUG UGH H RAILW RAILWAY AY WAGO WAGONS NS FROM M\s. COAL INDIA & IS KEPT RESERVED ON A BUFFER STOCK .THE BROUGHT OUT TO THE STATION IS UNLODED WITH THE HELP OF WAGON WAGON TIPP TIPPLE LER R .AFT .AFTER ER UNLOA UNLOADI DING NG ,THE ,THE COAL COAL IS SENT SENT TO CRUSHER HOUSE WITH THE HELPOF CONVEYOR BELTS. THE COAL WHICH IS NOW RESUCED TO VERY SMALL PIECES,IS SENT TO THE COAL COAL BUNK BUNKER ERS S WITH WITH THE THE HELP HELP OF CONV CONVEY EYOR OR BELT BELT .THE .THE RAW RAW COAL IS FED TO COAL MILLS THROUGH RAW COAL FEEDERS . RAW COAL FEEDERS BASICALLY REGULATE RAW COAL TO PULVERISE MILL. THE RAW PULVERISED COAL IS FED TO THE FURNACEWITH THE HELP OF PRIMARY FAN THROUGH PULVERISED COAL PIPES .A PORITION OF THE PRIMARY AIR IS HEATED UTILISING THE HEAT OF THE THE FLUE FLUE GAS GASES & THEN HEN MIXED IXED WITH WITH THE COLD COLD AIR AIR AS PER PER REQUIREMENT BY THE PULVERISED COAL. NORMALLY THE TEMP. OF IS MAINTAINED AT 60 TO 70 DEGREES .THE COAL IS NOW BURNT IN THE FURNACE USING OIL IN THE BEGINNING , SHOW SHOWER ERD D THR THROUGH OUGH THE THE NOZZL OZZLES ES AT DIFFE IFFER RENT ENT ELEVA LEVATI TION ONS S IN THE THE FURNACE .TO PROVIDE AIR FOR COMBUTION ,THE HEAT OF THE FLUE LUE GAS GASES ALSO HEAT IT. THE THE HEAT PRODUCED DUE TO COMBUT COMBUTION ION IS UTILIS UTILISED ED FOR THE CONVER CONVERSIO SION N OF WATER WATER INTO INTO STEAM .THIS .THIS WATER IS STORED STORED IN THE BOILER BOILER DRUM .THERE .THERE ARE TWO SETS OF PIPES ATTACHED TO THE DRUM ,ONE CALLED RISER & OTHER OTHER KNOWN KNOWN AS DOWN DOWN CORNER CORNER THROUGH THROUGH WHICH WHICH THE WATER WATER COMES TO THE RING HEADER & STEAM MOVES UP DUE TO THE DENSITY DIFFERENCE DIFFERENCE OF WATER & STEAM . THIS STEAM IS SUPER HEATED USING SUPER HEATERS & MEANWHILE THE FLUE GASES ARE THROUGHOUT IN THE ATMOSPHERE THROUGH CHIMNEY.
2. STEAM FLOW: FLOW: THE SUPER HEATED STEAM IS SENT TO THE TURBINE THROUGH PIPEL PIPELINE INES.T S.THE HERE RE ARE ARE THREE THREE TURBIN TURBINES ES IN THE THE UNITS UNITS,, USING USING THIS THIS STEAM AT DIFFERENT TEMP. & PRESSURES. AFTER PASSING THROUGH HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE THE STEAM IS SENT TO THE REHEATER FOR RISING THE TEMP. OF THE STEAM.AFTER REHEATING THE STEAM IS SENT TO THE INTERMEDIATE INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE PRESSURE TURBINE THROUGH REHEATED LINE. HERE IT LOSSES MOST OF ITS TEMP. & PRESSURE, & FINALLY SENT TO LOW PRESSURE TURBINE. TURBINE. THE USES OF THREE DIFFERENT TURBINES HELPS IN INCREASING THE EFFICIENCY OF THE PLANT. PLANT. THE TURBINE IN TURN CONNECTING WITH A GENERATOR PRODUCES ELECTRICITY. THEN THIS ELECTRICITY IS STEPPED UPTO 220 KV WITH THE HELP OF STEP UP TRANSFORMER & SUPPLIED TO VARIOUS SUBSTATIONS/GRIDS.
MEANWHILE, THE STEAM THROUGH LOW PRESSURE ( L.P.) TURBINE IS CONDENSED AND THE CONDENSED WATER IS STORED IN HOT WELL.
3.WATER 3.WATER FLOW:
THE CONDENSED WATER IS EXTRACTED FROM THE HOT WELL THROUGH CONDENSATE CONDENSATE EXTRACTION EXTRACTION PUMPS & SENT TO THE BOILER DRUM WITH THE HELP OF BOILER FEED PUMP (B.F.P.) BEFORE PASSING THROUGH LOW PRESSURE HEATER AND DEARETER. WHILE LOSS IN WATER IS MADE UP FROM C.S. TANK, TANK, WHICH HAVE D.M. MOOR IN IT. THE C.S TANK IS DIRECTLY CONNECED TO HOT WELL. THE WATER USED IN CONDENSOR IS SENT TO COOLING TOWER FOR COOLING . AFTER COOLING THIS WATER IS AGAIN SENT TO CONDENSOR WITH THE HELP OF CIRCULATING WATERPUMP. THE LOSS IS MADE UP FROM RAW WATER PUMP HOUSE THROUGH CALORIFIER PUMP HOUSE.
BOILER FEED PUMP
BRIEF EXPLANATION 1.WAGON TIPPLER:-IT TIPPLER:-IT IS THE MACHINE WHICH IS USED TO TIP THE COAL FROM THE WAGON . THE COAL TIPPED IS DIRECTLY FED TO CONVEYOR BELT. ITS CAPICITY IS 12 WAGON PER HOUR .
2.CRUSHER:CRUSHER :-IT IT CRUSH THE COAL INTO SMALL PIECES.
3.COAL MILLS:-IN MILLS:-IN IT SMALL PIECES OF COAL ARE CONVERTED INTO PULVERISED FORM. THEY ARE 6 IN NUMBER.
4.FURNACE:4.FURNACE:-IT IT IS THE THE CHA CHAMBER MBER IN WHIC WHICH H FUEL FUEL BURN BURNS S & FIR FIRE BLOWS.
5.BOILER DRUM:-IT DRUM:-IT CONTAINS WATER FOR BOILING. 6.ELECTROSTATIC PRECIPITATOR:PRECIPITATOR :-IN IN THIS THIS WE HAVE HAVE ELEC ELECTR TROD ODES ES WHICH ATTRACTS FLY ASH AND EXTRACT IT FROM FLUE GASES SO THAT IT CAN NOT ENTER ATMOSPHERE.
7.CHIMNEY; CHIMNEY;-IT IS USED ATMOSPHERE.
TO
RELEASE
FLUE
GASES
INTO
THE
8.TURBINE:-TURBINE TURBINE:-TURBINE IS THE PART WHICH REVOLVES DUE TO STEAM PRESSURE.IT IS OF THREE TYPES:
a).HIGH PRESSURE TURBINE b).INTERMEDIATE PRESSURE TURBINE. c).LOW PRESSURE TURBINE.
9.TURBO GENERATOR:-IT GENERATOR :-IT IS THE MAIN MACHINE WHICH PRODUCES 210 MW ELECTRI TRICITY. IT IS WATE WATER R AND AND H2(H H2(HYD YDRO ROGE GEN) N) GAS GAS COOLED. COOLED. THEREFORE IT IS CONTAINED IN CYLINDRICAL CHAMBER.
10. 10.CONDENSOR: CONDENSOR:-IT CONDENSE STEAM COMING PRESSURE TURBINE(L.P.T.) TO HOT WATER.
FROM
LOW
11. 11.COOLING WATER (C.W.) PUMP :-THIS PUMP SEND WATER FROM COOLING TOWER TO CONDENSOR.
12. 12.COOLING TOWER:-IT TOWER:-IT IS USED TO COOL THE WATER ITS HEIGHT IS NEAR ABOUT 143.5 mtr. 13. 13.RAW WATER WATER PUMP PUMP HOUSE HOUSE :-IT :-IT SUPP SUPPLI LIES ES RAW RAW WATE WATER R TO THE THE BOILER.
14. 14.CLEARIFIER PUMP HOUSE:-THE HOUSE :-THE WATER FROM RAW IS CLEARED AT CLEARIFIER BY PUTTING ALUM IN IT & FILTERING IT & THEN SUPPLIED TO THE CONDENSOR.
15. 15.CONDE CONDENSA NSATE TE EXTRAC EXTRACTIO TION N PUMP PUMP :- C.E.P. PUMP IS USED TO EXTRACT THE CONDENSE WATER FROM THE HOT WELL AND SUPPLY TO THE THE DEAR DEAREA EATE TER R AFTE AFTER R PASS PASSIN ING G THRO THROUG UGH H L.P. L.P. HEAT HEATER ER& & ECONOM ECONOMISI ISIER, ER,SO SO THAT THAT HIGH HIGH PRESSU PRESSURE RE STEAM STEAM IN THE CYLIND CYLINDER ER CAN BE CREATED.
16. 16.LOW LOW PRESS RESSU URE HEATE EATER R :-IT IS USED TO INCREASE THE TEMP TEMPER ERAT ATUR URE E OF WATE WATER, R, IN THIS THIS WAY WAY EFFI EFFICI CIEN ENCY CY OF SYST SYSTEM EM INCREASES.
17.DEAREATER:-IT 17.DEAREATER:-IT IS USED TO REMOVE AIR FROM WATER,WHICH IS ENTR ENTRAP APPE PED D IN THE THE WATE WATER R MOLEC MOLECUL ULES ES.. IT IS VERY VERY IMPO IMPORT RTAN ANT T PART BECAUSE THE ENTRAPPED AIR EFFECT AIR DRUM BADLY.
18.BOILER 18.BOILER FEED PUMP(B.F.P PUMP(B.F.P.):.):-IT IT IS THE THE HEAV HEAVIE IEST ST DRIV DRIVE E IN THE THE PLANT & SUPPLY WATER TO BOILER BOIL ER DRUM FROM DEAREATER.
19.HIGH PRESSURE HEATER(H.P.):-IN HEATER(H.P.):- IN THIS TEMPERATURE OF WATER INCREASES, THUS EFFICIENCY FURTHER INCREASES. 20.ECONOMISER:20.ECONOMISER:-IN IN THIS THIS FLUE FLUE GASE GASES S EXCH EXCHAN ANGE GE HEAT HEAT TO THE THE WATER TO INCREASE SYSTEM EFFICIENCY.
GENERAL WORKING DIAGRAM
6.6
KV CIRCUIT BREAKER A CIRCUIT BREAKER IS A DEVICE WHICH:-
•
•
MAKES OR BREAKS A CIRCUIT EITHER MANUALLY OR BY REMOTE CONTROL UNDER NORMAL CONDITIONS. BREAKS A CIRCUIT AUTOMATICALLY UNDER FAULT CONDITIONS. THUS A CIRCUIT BREAKER IS JUST A SWITCH WHICH CAN BE OPERAT OPERATED ED UNDER UNDER NORMAL NORMAL & ABNORM ABNORMAL AL CONDIT CONDITION IONS S BOTH BOTH AUTOMATIC OR MANUALLY. TO PERFORM THIS OPERATION ,A CIRCU CIRCUIT IT BREAKE BREAKER R IS ESSENT ESSENTIAL IAL CONSIS CONSISTIN TING G OF FIXED FIXED AND MOV MOVING ING CON CONTAC TACTS CALL CALLED ED ELECT LECTOD ODE ES. WHEN HEN A FAUL FAULT T OCCU OCCURE RES S ON POWE POWER R SYST SYSTEM EM,, THE THE TRIP TRIP COIL COIL OF CIRC CIRCUI UIT T BREAKERIS ENERGISED WHICH PULLS APART MOVING CONTACTS, THUS OPEN THE CIRCUIT DC SUPPLY IS USED FOR THE THE OPER OPERAT ATIO ION N OF CIRC CIRCUI UIT T BREA BREAKE KER. R.ON ON THE THE BASI BASIS S OF MEDIUM USED FOR A EXTINCTION THE CIRCUIT BREAKER ARE CLASSIFIED AS : 1. OIL CIRC CIRCUI UIT T BREAK BREAKERS ERS 2. AIR BLAS BLAST T CIRCUIT CIRCUIT BREA BREAKE KER R 3. SULPHER HEXAFLUORIDE CIRCUIT BREAKER . OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER IT IS WELL KNOWN THAT WHEN A CIRCUIT CARRYING A LARGE CURRENT IS BROKEN, AN ARC ARC OCCURS AT THAT POINT WHERE WHERE THE CONTACTS ARE SEPARATE, THE ARCHING IS SPECIALLY SEVERE WHEN HIGH VOLTAGES VOLTAGES ARE INVOLVED AND AND IF A SHORT CIRCUIT OCCURS ON A HIGH VOLTAGE CABLE WHICH IS SUPPLIED FROM LARGE POWER STATION. THE ARC WOULD BE POWERFULL TO BRIDGE THE CONTACTS OF THE SWITCH AND DESTROY IT BY BURNING. THE DEVICE DEVICE IS IS EMPLOYED AS AN OIL BREAKER. BREAKER. AN OIL BREAKER POSSES THE PROPERTY OF ALWAYS BREAKING AN ALTERNATIVE CURRENT AT ITS ZERO VALUE. THESE SWITCHES ARE SUITABLE FOR A MAXIMUM VOLTAGE OF 6.6 KV. THE CONTACTS OF OF THESE SWITCHES SWITCHES , WHICH BREAKS HIGH TENSION CIRCUIT, ARE IMMERSED IN OIL TO ENSURE RAPID & EFFECTIVE RAPTURE OF THE CIRCUIT. WHEN THE ARC OCCURS, THE OIL IN ITS PATH IS VAPORISED AND THE GAS THEREBY GENERATED EXTRACT A PRESSURE ON THE SURRROUNDING OIL. THIS PRESSURE IS UTILISED IN ARC CONTROLLED DEVICES TO CAUSE A MOVEMENT OF FRESH COOL OIL ACROSS THE PATH OF THE ARC, THEREBY T HEREBY EFFICIENTLY ASSISTING ITS INTERRUPTION.
SPECIFICATION:LOW OIL CIRCUIT BREAKER
TYPE – E7531/10. 1. VOLTAGE:- 6.6/11KV 2. CURRENT:- 3150 A. 3. FREQUENCY:- 50HZ 4. SHORT TIME CURRENT:- 50/35KA FOR 1/3 S 5. BREAKING CURRENT:- 44/39.4KA 6. WEIGHT:- 350KGS TYPE:- E7512/10. E7512/10. 1. VOLTA VOLTAGE GE::- 6.6/1 6.6/11K 1KV V 2. CURR CURREN ENT: T:-- 1250A 1250A 3. FREQ FREQUE UENC NCY: Y:-- 50HZS 50HZS 4. SHORT TIME CURRE CURRENT:NT:- 50/40KA FOR 1/3S 1/3S 5. BREAKI BREAKING NG CURRE CURRENT: NT:-- 44/39.4 44/39.4KA KA 6. WEIG WEIGHT HT::- 210K 210KGS GS TYPE:- E7525/10 1. 2. 3. 4. 5. 6.
VOLTAGE:- 6.6/11 KV CURRENT:- 2500A FREQUENCY:- 50HZ SHORT TI TIME CU CURRENT:- 50/ 50/35 35K KA FOR FOR 1/3S BREAKING CU CURRENT:- 44 44/39.4KA WEIGHT:- 220KGS
INDEX INCOMER TIE LOAD
1250 A CIRCUIT BREAKER 2500 A CIRCUIT BREAKER 3150 A CIRCUIT BREAKER
III-A 1.DUMMY FOR TIE TO 5 A 2.TIE TO 5 A 3.DUMMY FOR TIE TO C-11-A 4.TIE TO C-II A 5.R.W.T. III 6.F.O.T. IIIA 7.BUS P.T 8.S.S.T. IIIA 9.S.B.T. IIA 10.TO C.H.S. IIIA 11.C.M.8A, 340KW, 325A 12.I.D.F.M. 5B, 130 KW, 147.5A 13.ASH WATER RECOVERY T/F. 14.H.P.W.P.M. IIIB, 260KW, 29A 15.H.P.W.P.M. IIIA, 260KW, 29A 16.C.W.P.M. 3C, 1265KW. 140A 17.A.H.T. IIIA. 18.C.L.M.T. IIIA. 19.B.C.W.P.M. IIIB, 135KW, 38A 20.B.C.W.P.M. IIIA, 335KW, 38A 21.INCOMER 22.DUMMY FOR INCOMER 23.TIE FOR UNIT 6A
III-B 1. 2.
TIE TO UNIT 6B DUMMY FOR INCOMER
3. 4. 5. 6. 7. 8. 9. 10. 10. 11. 12. 13. 14. 15. 16. 17. 18. 19. 19. 20. 21. 22. 23.
INCOMER B.C.W.P.M. II IIIC, 33 335 KW KW,38A. B.C.W.P.M. IIID, 335KW, 38A C.L.W.T. IIIB A.H.T. IIIB H.P.W.P.M. II IIIC, 26 260KW, 29 29A. H.P.W.P.M. II IIID, 26 260KW, 29 29A. H.P. .P.W.P W.P.M. .M. III IIIE E, 260 260KW KW,, 29A 29A SPARE MOTOR E.P.T. C.M. 8B, 340K 40KW, 325A 25A, C.H.S. S.B.T. IIIB S.S.T. IIIB BUS P.T. F.O.T. IIIB B.F. B.F.P. P.M. M. IIIB IIIB,, 3500 3500KW KW,, 360A 360A.. TIE TO C- II –B DUMMY FOR FOR TIE TO TO C –II –B –B TIE TO 5B DUMMY FO FOR TIE TO 5B.
INDEX 5( A ) 1. 2. 3. 4.
U.S U.S.T..T.-5 5 E.P E.P.T..T.-5A 5A BUS P. P.T. B.F.P. B.F.P.M.M.-5 5 A,3500 A,3500 KW,360 KW,360
P.A.F.M-5 A,1250 KW,132 A 5. F.D.F. F.D.F.M.M.-5 5 A,750 A,750 KW,8 KW,80.2 0.2 A 6. P.M.-5 P.M.-5 A,340 A,340 KW,40.7 KW,40.7 A 7. P.M.-5B P.M.-5B,34 ,340 0 KW,40. KW,40.7A 7A 8. P.M.-5C P.M.-5C,34 ,340KW 0KW,40. ,40.7A 7A 10. I.D.F.M.-5A,1300KW,147.5A 11. RECT. T/F 12. C.W.M.-5A,500KW,525A 13.C.W.P.M.-5A,265KW,140A 14.INCOMER 15.DUMMY FOR INCOMER 16.TIE TO SSIII-A 17.DUMMY FOR TIE TO SSIII-A
5(B) 1. DUMM DUMMY Y FOR FOR TIE TIE TO TO SSI SSIII II-B -B 2. TIE TO SSIII-B 3. DUMMY MMY FO FOR IN INCOMER 4. INCOMER 5. C.W. C.W.P. P.M. M.-5 -5B, B,26 265K 5KW, W,14 140A 0A 6. C.P. C.P.M. M.-5 -5B, B,50 500K 0KW, W,52 525A 5A 7. 11KW 11KW,T ,TEM EMPO PORA RARY RY SUPP SUPPLY LY 8. I.D. I.D.F. F.M. M.-5C -5C,13 ,1300K 00KW, W,147 147.5 .5A A 9. P.M..M.-5D 5D,,340K 340KW, W,40 40.7 .7A A 10. P.M.-5E P.M.-5E,34 ,340KW 0KW,40. ,40.7A 7A 11. P.M.-5 P.M.-5F,34 F,340KW 0KW,40. ,40.7A 7A 12. F.D.F.M.-5B F.D.F.M.-5B,750KW ,750KW,80.2A ,80.2A 13. P.A.F.M.-5B P.A.F.M.-5B,1250KW ,1250KW,132A ,132A 14. B.F.P.M.-5C B.F.P.M.-5C,3500KW ,3500KW,360A ,360A 15. 15. BUS BUS P.T. P.T. 16. E.P. E.P.T. T.-5B -5B 17. SPAR SPARE E MOTOR MOTOR
MOTOR HIGH TENSION MOTOR HIGH TENSION MOTORS OPERATED AT HIGH VOLTAGES
IN TAU DEVI LAL THERMAL POWER STATION, THESE MOTORS ARE OPERATED AT 6.6KV. SOME OF THESE MOTORS ARE AS FOLLOWS:I. CIRCULATING WATER(C.W.) PUMP MOTORS:MOTORS :a).SPECIFICATIONS a).SPECIFICATIONS::i. MAKER – B.H.E.L. ii. CAPACITY(K.W.)-1265 iii. RATED VOLTAGE(VOLTS)-6600 iv. RATED R.P.M.-493 v. RATED CURRENT-140A vi. CONNECTINS-STAR vii. DUTY- CONTINUOUS viii. INSULATION CLASS-F ix. INSTALLATION POSITION- VERTICAL x. QUANTITY-3 b).FUNCTION:).FUNCTION:- C.W. PUMP IS USED TO CIRCULATE COOLING WATER TO THE THE COND CONDEN ENSE SERS RS SO THAT THAT LOW LOW PRES PRESSU SURE RE STEA STEAM M IN THE THE CYLINDER CAN BE CONVERTED INTO WATER.
2.C.E.P. PUMP MOTOR:a).SPECIFICATIONS:a).SPECIFICATIONS:i. MAKE- B.H.E.L. ii. CAPACITY-500KW iii. RATED VOLTAGE-6600V iv. RATED R.P.M.-1482 v. RATED CURRENT-52.8A vi. CONNECTIONS-STAR vii. DUTY-(2 WORKING,1STANDBY) CONTINUOUS viii. INSULATION CLASS-F ix. INSULATION POSITION-VERTICAL x. QUANTITY-3
b).FUNCTION b).FUNCTION::-C. C.E. E.P. P.PU PUMP MP IS USED USED TO EXTR EXTRAC ACT T THE THE COND CONDEN ENSE SE WATE WATER R FROM FROM THE THE HOT HOT WELL WELL AND AND SUPP SUPPLY LY TO THE THE DEAR DEAREA EATO TOR R AFTER AFTER PASSIN PASSING G THROUG THROUGH H L.P. L.P. HEATER HEATER& & ECONOM ECONOMISI ISIER, ER,SO SO THAT THAT HIGH PRESSURE STEAM IN THE CYLINDER CAN BE CREATED.
3.BOILER FEED PUMP(B.F.P.) MOTOR:-
a).SPECIFICATIONS:I. MAKE- B.H.E.L. II. II. CAPA CAPACI CITY TY-35 -3500 00KW KW III. RATED VOLTAGE-6600VOLTS VOLTAGE-6600VOLTS IV.RATED CURRENT-360A V. RATED RATED R.P. R.P.M.M.-1481 1481 VI.CONNECTIONS- STAR VII. DUTY(2 WORKING,1 STANDBY)-CONTINUOUS VIII. INSULATION CLASS-F IX.QUANTITY-3 b).FUNCTION b).FUNCTION::-ITS -ITS FUNC FUNCTI TION ON IS TO SUPP SUPPLY LY THE THE WATER TER TO THE THE BOILER DRUM. IT TAKES WATER FROM THE DEAREATOR BY CREA CREATI TING NG STRO STRONG NG SUCT SUCTIO ION. N. IT IS THE THE BIGGE BIGGEST ST MOTOR MOTOR IN THE THE PLANT. 4.COAL MILL MOTOR:-
III.
a). SPECIFICATIONS:SPECIFICATIONS:I. MAKE-B.H.E.L. II. RATED VOLTAGE-6600 CAPACITY-340KW IV. RATED R.P.M.-992 V. RATED CURRENT-40.7A VI. CONNECTIONS- STAR VII. DUTY- CONTINUOUS VIII. INSULATION CLASS-F IX. INSTALLATION POSITION – HORIZONTAL X. QUANTITY-6
b).FUNCTIONS:-ITS b).FUNCTIONS:-ITS FUNCTION IS TO GRIND THE COAL PIECES TO FINE POWDER (PULVERISED) FORM i.e. UPTO SIZE OF 25 MICRON. 5.COAL CRUSHER :i).MAKE-N.G.F.E ii).CAPACITY-600KW
iii).RATED VOLTAGE-6600V iv).RATED R.P.M.-747 v).RATED CURRENT-72A vi). CONNECTIONS-STAR vi).QUANTITY-2 b).FUNCTION:-ITS b).FUNCTION:-ITS FUNCTION IS TO CRUSH THE BIG SIZE COAL PIECES TO A SIZE OF 25mili meter square, WHICH ARE THAN CARRIED TO BUNKERS THROUGH CONVEYOR BELT. 6. PRIMARY AIR FAN MOTOR:i).MAKE-B.H.E.L. ii).CAPACITY (K.W.)-1250 iii).RATED VOLTAG (VOLTS)-6600 iv).RATED R.P.M.-1487 v).RATED CURRENT (AMPS)-132 vi).CONNECTIONS-STAR vii).DUTY-CONTINUOUS viii).INSULATION CLASS-F ix).QUANTITY-3 b).FUNCTION:- ITS FUNCTION IS TO CARRY PULVERIZED COAL FROM THE COAL COAL MILL TO THE FURNAC FURNACE E FOR ITS IGNITION IGNITION.. IT CREATE CREATES S STRONG DRAFT OF AIR THAT CARRIES PULVERIZED COAL. 7). FORCE DRAUGHT (F.D.) FAN MOTOR:i).MAKE-B.H.E.L. ii).CAPACITY-750KW iii).RATED VOLTAGE-6600V iv).RATED R.P.M.-1490 v).RATED CURRENT-80.2A vi).CONNECTION-STAR vii).DUTY-CONTINUOUS viii).INSULATION CLASS-F ix).QUANTITY-2 b).FUNCTION:-F.D. b).FUNCTION:-F.D. FAN IS USED TO SUPPLY FRESH AIR TO THE FURNACE FOR THE PROPER IGNITION OF COAL INTO THE FURNACE.
8). INDUCED DRAFT (I.D.) FAN i).MAKE-B.H.E.L. ii).CAPACITY-1300KW iii).RATED VOLTAGE-6600V iv).RATED R.P.M.-750
v).RATED CURRENT-147.5A vi).CONNECTION-STAR vii).DUTY-CONTINUOUS viii).INSULATION CLASS-F ix).QUANTITY-3 b).FUNCTION:-ITS b).FUNCTION:-ITS FUNCTION IS TO DISCHARGE FLUE GASES TO THE ATMOSP ATMOSPHER HERE E THROUG THROUGH H THE CHIMNE CHIMNEY Y AFTER AFTER PASSIN PASSING G THROUG THROUGH H THE PRECIPITATOR. 9.BEARING COOLING WATER PUMP MOTOR:a).SPECIFICATION:i).MAKE-B.H.E.L. ii).CAPACITY-335KW iii)RATED VOLTAGE-6600V iv).RATED R.P.M.-980 v).-CONNECTION-STAR vi).INSULATION CLASS-F vii).INSTALLATION POSITION-HORIZONTAL b).FUNCTION:-IT b).FUNCTION:-IT SUPPLY COOLING WATER TO THE MOTOR &OTHER AUXILLARY FOR COOLING PUPOSES. & OTHER AUXILLARY FOR COOLING PUPOSES.
A)
LOW TENSION MOTOR
LOW TENSION MOTORS ARE THOSE WHICH ARE OF 415V. THEY ARE MAINLY USED IN H.T.MOTOR AUXILLARY.
1. B.C.W. DRAIN MOTOR:a).SPECIFICATION:i).CAPACITY-136KW ii).rated r.p.m.-987 iii).RATED CURRENT-43A iv).FREQUENCY-50HZ v).MAKE-KRILOSKER vi).INSULATION CLASS-B b)FUNCTION:-IT PUMP THE B.C. WATER TO THE SUMP.
2. SEAL WATER PUMP MOTOR:a).SPECIFICATION:i). CAPACITY-25KW ii). RATED R.P.M.- 1479 iii) RATED CURRENT – 43A’ iv) FREQUENCY -50HZ v). PHASE-3 vi). MAKE –NGEF vii). INSULATION CLASS –B
b).FUNCTION – IT PROVIDES A LAYER OF WATER TO THE LOWER POSITION OF BOILER IN ORDER TO SEAL IT FROM THE ENTRY OF ATMOSPHERIC AIR.
3. SEAL WATER VAPOUR EXHAUST FAN:-
a) i) ii)
SPECIFICATIONS – CAPACITY – 1.5 KW RATED R.P.M. – 6205
iii) iv) v) vi) vii)
RATED CURRENT – 3.1A FREQUENCY – 50HZ PHASE –3 MAKE – KIRLOSKER INSULATION CLASS –B
b) FUNCTIONFUNCTION- IT PREVENTS THE ENTRY OF AIR BUBBLES IN THE TURBINE CYLINDER BY PROVIDING THE OPPOSITE PUSH.
4. CENTRIFUGE PUMP MOTOR:a). SPECIFICATIONS – SPECIFICATIONS – i). ii). iii). iv). v). vi). vii).
CAPACITY –7.5KW ‘ RATED R.P.M-1440 RATED CURRENT-14. FREQUENCY –50HZ PHASE – 3 MAKE – CROMPTON GREAVES INSULATION CLASS – B
b). FUNCTION FUNCTION – TO CENTRIFUGE THE VAPOUR THAT ENTERS BY CHANGE IN TURBINE AN REMOVE THEM
5. ASH SLURRY PUMP MOTOR: – MOTOR: – a).SPECIFICATIONS – i) ii) iii) iv)
CAPACITY – 100KW RATED R.P.M. – 1485 RATED CURRENT – 176 FREQUENCY – 50HZ.
v) vi) vii)
PHASE - 3 MAKE – NGEF INSULATION CLASS – B
b). FUNCTION – FUNCTION – TO PUMP ASH SLURRY TO THE ASH DISPOSAL AREA.
6.
EMERGENCY OIL PUMP: –
a). SPECIFICATIONS 1. 2. 3. 4. 5.
CAPA CAPACI CITY TY – 15 15 KW KW RATED RATED R.P.M R.P.M.. – 1425 1425 RATED RATED CURRE CURRENT NT – 125 125 FREQUE FREQUENC NCY Y – N.A. N.A. (DC) (DC) PHASE PHASE – NOT NOT APP APPLIC LICAB ABLE LE
b).FUNCTION – TO PROVIDE OIL TO THE SHAFT AND BEARING OF THE TURBINE IF SEAL OIL PUMP AND TAKING OIL PUMP FAILS.
2.
RAW WATER MOTOR PUMP:– PUMP:–
a)
SPECIFICATIONS-
i).CAPACITY-90KW ii).RATED R.P.M.-1450 iii).RATED CURRENT-154A iv).FREQUENCY-50HZ vi).PHASE-3 vii).MAKE-KIRLOSKER viii).INSULATION CLASS-B
b).FUNCTION-IT b).FUNCTION-IT IS USE TO PUMP RAW WATER FROM THE LAKE TO THE PLANT.
3. INSTUMENT AIR COMPRESSOR:a).SPECIFICATIONS:a).SPECIFICATIONS:i).CAPACITY-105KW ii).RATED R.P.M-1485 iii).RATED CURRENT-184A iv).FREQUENCY-50HZ v).PHASE-3 vi).MAKE- KIRLOSKER vii).INSULATION CLASS- B b).FUNCTIONb).FUNCTION- IT IS USED TO COMPRESS THE AIR USED TO CONTROL PNEUMATIC CONTROLLED INSTRUMENTS AT A PRESSURE 6 TO 7 Kg/Cm cube.
9.SERVICE AIR COMPRESSOR:a). SPECIFICATIONSSPECIFICATIONSi).CAPACITY-30KW ii).RATED R.P.M.-1485 iii).RATED CURRENT-184A iv).FREQUENCY-50HZ
v).PHSE-3 vi).MAKE-NGEF vii).INSULATION CLASS-B
b).FUNCTIONb).FUNCTION- ITS FUNCTION IS SIMILAR TO INSTRUMENT AIR COMPRESSOR.
10.CLARIFIER WATER PUMP MOTORa).SPECIFICATIONa).SPECIFICATIONi)CAPACITY-30KW ii).RATED R.P.M-1470 iii).RATED CURRENT-53A iv).FREQUENCY-50HZ v).PHASE-3 vi).MAKE-CROMPTON vii).INSULATION CLASS-B
b).FUNCTIONb).FUNCTION- IT PUMP THE FILTERED WATER FROM CLEARIFIER TO D.M. WATER TREATMENT PLANT.
TRANSFORMERS THE TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER IS THE MOST CONVENIEN CONVENIENT T & ECONOMICAL ECONOMICAL DEVI DEVICE CE FOR FOR TRAN TRANSF SFER ER OF POWE POWER R FROM FROM ONE ONE VOLT VOLTAG AGE E TO ANOTHER VOLTAGE AT THE SAME FREQUENCY. IT WORKS ON THE PRINCI PRINCIPLE PLE OF ELECTR ELECTROMA OMAGNE GNETIC TIC INDUC INDUCTION TION.. THERE THERE IS HARDLY ANY INSTALLATION WITHOUT A TRANSFORMER.DUE TO THIS THIS EQUIPM EQUIPMEN ENT,I T,IT T HAS BEEN BEEN POSSIB POSSIBLE LE TO TRANSM TRANSMIT IT BULK BULK
POWE POWER R TO LOAD LOAD CENT CENTER ERS S FROM FROM FAR FAR OFF OFF POWE POWER R HOUS HOUSES ES AND AND TO VARI VARIOU OUS S MACH MACHIN INER ERIE IES S AND AND SWIT SWITCH CHGE GEAR ARS S OF THE THE POWER PLANT. TRANSFORMERS ARE OF TWO TYPES:#STEP-UP TRANSFORMER - WHICH WHICH STEP-UP STEP-UP THE VOLTAGE AT SECONDRY SIDE CALLED STEP-UP TRANSFORMER. #STEP-DOWN TRNSFORMERTRNSFORMER- WHICH STEP-DOWN THE VOLTAGE AT SECONDRY SIDE ARE CALLED STEP-DOWN TRANSFORMER.
MAIN PARTS OF POWER TRANSFORMERS # # # # # # # # # # # # # #
PRIMARY WINDING SECONDRY WINDING OIL TANK DRAIN COKE CONSERVATOR BRETHER TUBES FOR COOLING TRNSFORMER OIL EARTH POINT EXPLOSION VENT TEMPERATURE GAUGE BUCHHOLZ RELAY PRIMARY TERMINALS SECONDARY TERMINALS
ACCESSORIES OF TRANSFORMERS 1.OIL CONSERVATOR:OIL CONSERVATOR IS A SHORT OF DUM MOUNTED ON THE TOP OF TRANSFORMER. A LEVEL INDICATOR IS FIXID TO IT, WHICH GIVES ALAR LARM AT LOW LOW LEV LEVEL. CONS ONSERVATOR IS CONNECTED THROUGH A PIPE TO THE TRANSFORMER TANK CONTAINING OIL. THIS OIL EXPANDS & CONTRACT DEPENDING UPON THE HEAT PRODUCED & SO THE OIL LEVEL IN CONSERVATOR IS LEFT
OPEN OPEN TO THE THE ATMOS ATMOSPH PHER ERE E THRO THROUG UGH H A BREA BREATH THER ER SO THAT THAT THE THE EXTRA AIR MAY GO OUT OR COME IN. 2.BREATHER:THE BREATHER IS A BOX CONTAINING CALCIUM CHLORIDE OR SILICA GEL TO ABSORB MOISTURE OF OUR ENTERING THE CONSERVATOR AS IT IS WELL KNOWN FACT THAT THE INSULATING PROPERTY OF THE TRANSFORMERS OIL IS LOST IF A SMALL AMOUNT OF MOISTURE ENTER IN IT. SO DRY AIR IS ALLOWED TO PASS THROUGH THE BREATHER. WHEN OIL LEVRL IN OIL CONSERVATOR CHANGES, AIR AIR MOES IN & OUT OF THE CONSERVATOR. THIS ACTION IS KNOWN AS BREATHING. DRY SILICA GEL IS OF THE BLUE COLOR. IT TURNS PALE PINK AS IT ABSORBS MOIS OISTURE . THE WET SILICA GEL CAN BE REGENERATED BY DRYING. 3.BUCHHOLZ RELAY:THIS RELAY IS A GAS-ACTUATED RELAY WHICH IS MEANT FOR THE PROTECTING OF OIL IMMERSED TRANSFORMER FROM INSU INSULA LATI TION ON FAIL FAILUR URE, E, CORE CORE HEAT HEATIN ING G OR ANY ANY TYPE TYPE OF INTE INTERN RNAL AL FAULT WHICH MAY CAUSE THE HEATING OF OIL BEYOND THE SPECIFIED TEMP.. DUE TO ANY INTERNAL FAULT, OIL IS HEATED –UP & OIL VAPOUR SO FORMED CAUSESEITH CAUSESEITHER ER THE ALARM CIRCUIT(FO CIRCUIT(FOR R LESS FAULT) OR TRIP THE CIRCUIT(FOR SEVER FAULT). 4.EXPLOSION VENT:VENT :IT IS ALSO A SAFETY DEVICE OF THE TRANSF TRANSFORM ORMER ER WHICH WHICH PROTEC PROTECTS TS THE TRANSF TRANSFORM ORMER ER TANK TANK FROM FROM GASES INDUCED BY & ANY TYPE OF SHORT CIRCUIT IN THE TRANSFORMER. THIS CONSIST OF A VERTICAL PIPE CLOSED BY A DIA PHARM MADE OF THIN BAKELITE SHEET. THIS DIAPHARM BURST OR SLIDES OUT IN CASE OF ABNORMAL PRESSURE INSIDE THE TANK. A DIVERTER PLATE IS USED AT THE BOTTOM OF THE EXPLOSION VENT TO ENSURE THAT GASES PROU PROUDC DCE E INSI INSIDE DE THE THE TRAN TRANSF SFOR ORME MER R ARE DIR DIRECTE ECTED D TOW TOWARD ARD THE THE BUCHHOLZ RELAY & DON’T GET COLLECTED INSIDE THE VENTILATION AND EQUILISE THE PRESSURE ON EACH SIDE OF THE DIVERTER PLATE.
5.TEMP. INDICATOR:IT IS ALSO A PROTECTIVE DEVICE FITTED TO THE TRANSFORMER TO INDICATE TEMP.OF TRANSFORMER OIL. FOR MEASURING TEMP. OF THE OIL, BULB OF THE VAPOUR PRESSURE TYPE THERMOMETER IS PLACED IN THE HOT OIL & DIAL OF THE THERMOMETER IS MOUNTED OUTSIDE THE TANK TANK.. TWO INDICAT INDICATING ING POINTER POINTERS S BLACK BLACK AND RED ARE PROVIDE PROVIDED. D. ALARM CONTACTS ARE ALSO PROVIDED WHICH COME INTO ACTION WHEN
PREDETERMINED PERMISSIBLE HIGHER TEMPARATURE IS REACHED UNDER ABNORMAL OPERATING CONDITIONS.
6.BUSHING: – THE BUSHING SERVE AS SUPPORTS And INSULATION OF THE BUS BARS AND TRANSFORMER TRANSFORMER TERMINAL. TERMINAL. THE BUSHING BUSHING CONSISTS CONSISTS OF PROCELAIN PROCELAIN SHELL SHELL BODY BODY,, UPPE UPPER R AND AND LOWE LOWER R LOCA LOCATI TING NG WASH WASHER ER USED USED FOR FOR FIXI FIXING NG THE THE POSITION OF BUSH BAR AND MOUNTING FLANGE WITH THE HOLE DRILLED FOR FIXING BOLT AND IT IS SUPPLIED WITH AN EARTHING BOLT.
7. MAGANETIC OIL GAUGE:THE MAGANETIC OIL LEVEL GAUGE SUPERVISES SUPERVISES THE LEVEL LEVEL OF OIL IN THE CONSERVATOR CONSERVATOR TANK. TANK. THE OIL LEVEL LEVEL GAUG GAUGE E IS PROV PROVID IDED ED ON THE THE TRAN TRANSF SFOR ORME MER R ARE ARE OF DIAL DIAL TYPE TYPE WITH WITH MINIMUM AND MAXIMUM LEVEL MARKING AND A POINTER WHICH INDICATE THE LEVEL LEVEL OF OIL IN THE CONSERVAT CONSERVATER. ER. SOMETIM SOMETIME E THE SCALE IS ALSO ALSO GRADUATED FOR OIL TEMPERATURE ON THE BASIS OF ITS LEVEL.
8. TAP CHANGER:– THE VOLTAGE CONTROL OF TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION SYSTEMS IS OBTAINED BY TAP CHANGER. TAP CHANGER ARE EITHER ON LOAD OR OFF LOAD TAP CHANGER. TAP CHANGER IS FITTED WITH THE TRANSFORMER FOR ADJUSTING SECONDARY VOLTAGE.
IMPORTANT TRANSFORMERS IN THE PLANT 1. GENERATOR TRANSFORMER (240 MVA, 15.75 KV/220KV) – IT CONVERTS 15.75 KV WHICH IS SUPPLIED FROM GENERATOR 220KV AND SUPPLIED IT TO THE BUS BAR/ GRID.
2. STATION SERVICE TRANSFORMER (40MVA, 220KV/7KV ) – IT CONVERTS 220KV WHICH IS COMING TO STATION FROM BBMB TO 7KV AND FED TO STATION AUXILIARY. 3. UNIT AUXILIARY TRANSFORMER (15MVA, 15.75KV/7KV) – IT CONVERTS 15.75KV WHICH IS SUPPLIED FROM GENERATOR G ENERATOR TO 7KV TO FED UNIT AUXILIARY.
SWITCHYARD COMPONENTS
1. SWITCH-GEAR SWITCH GEAR IS A CONTROL SWITCH THAT CONTROL THE OPERATION OF A POWER CIRCUIT. CIRCUIT. THE TWO FUCNTION FUCNTION OF A SWITCH IN POWER SYSTEMS ARE – i). TO PERMIT THE TRANSMISSION LINES TO T O BE CONVENIENT PUT INTO AND TAKEN OUT FROM SERVICE.
ii). TO DISABLE THE SOME PLANT AND LINES WHEN THESE BECOME FAULTY, TO BE REPIDLY AND SAFELY ISOLATED BY AUTOMATIC MEANS. THE FIRST OF THESE CAN BE SERVED BY RELATIVELY SIMPLE SWIT SWITCH CHES ES THE THE SECO SECOND ND HOWE HOWEVE VER R REQU REQUIR IRE E CIRC CIRCUI UIT T BREA BREAKE KERS RS,, WHICH ARE MORE ROBUST & CAPABLE OF BREKING THE LARGE VALUE OF FAU FAULT POWE OWER THAT THAT RESU ESULTS LTS IN FAU FAULTS LTS ON MAJO MAJOR R POWE POWER R SYST SYSTEM EM.. SINC SINCE E ALL ALL PLAN PLANTS TS AND AND LINE LINES S ARE ARE LIAB LIABLE LE TO DEVE DEVELO LOP P FAU FAULTS LTS AS A RESUL ESULTS TS OF MECH MECHA ANIC NICAL DAMA DAMAGE GE,, ELECT LECTR RICA ICAL BREA BREAKD KDOW OWN, N, ERRO ERRORS RS IN OPER OPERAT ATIO ION N etc. etc. THE THE SIMP SIMPLE LE ISOLA ISOLATOR TORS S SWIT SWITCH CH IN FAVO FAVOUR UR OF AUTO AUTOMA MATIC TIC CIRC CIRCUI UIT T BREA BREAKE KERS RS EVEN EVEN FOR FOR SWITCHING FUNCTION. THE WHOLE SWITCHGEAR ASSEMBLY CONSISTS OF TWO PARTS:-
A.PANELA.PANEL- PANE PANEL L CONS CONSIS ISTS TS OF PROTE PROTECT CTIV IVE E RELA RELAYS YS,M ,MOU OUNT NTIG IG OF POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER,CURRENT TRA TRANSFO NSFOR RMER MER,AMM ,AMMET ETER ER,V ,VOL OLTM TME ETER TER & ENERGY ERGY METE METER. R. THE THE POTENTIAL TRANSFORMER IS MOUNTED ON THE PANEL. THE PRIMARY IS CONNECTED TO 11KV & THE REDUCE VOLTAGE FROM THE SECONDARY IS GIVEN TO ENERGY METER AS LINE VOLTAGES & FOR PROTECTIVE PURPOSES.
B.TROLLYB.TROLLY- THE TROLLY CONSISTS OF CURRENT CARYING CONTACTS CALLE ALLED D ELEC ELECTR TROD ODE ES. THES THESE E ARE ARE NORM NORMA ALLY LLY ENGAGE GAGED D BUT BUT IN PREDETERMINED CONDITIONS, SEPARATE TO INTERRUPT THE CIRCUIT, WHEN THE CONTACTS ARE MADE.
2
BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT
CONDUC CONDUCTOR TORS S TO WHICH WHICH A NUMBE NUMBER R OF CIRCUI CIRCUITS TS ARE ARE CONNEC CONNECTED TED CALLE ALLED D BUS BUS – BARS. ARS. IN POWE POWER R PLANT LANTS S, SHUT DOWN OWN RESU RESULT LTS S DISSCONECTION OF SUPPLY TO A LARGE AREA. HENCE TO AVOID SHUT
DOWN OWN THE THE MAJO MAJOR R PLANT LANTS S SHOU SHOULD LD HAVE HAVE ELABO LABORA RATE TE BUS BUS BAR BAR ARRA ARRANG NGEM EMEN ENT T WITH WITH DUPL DUPLIC ICAT ATE E BUSE BUSES, S, ALTE ALTERN RNAT ATIV IVE E SUPP SUPPLY LY ARRANGEMENT SECTION etc. THE EXTRA HIGH VOLTAGE EQUIPMENTS SUCH SUCH AS ISOLA ISOLATO TORS RS,, CIRC CIRCUI UIT T BREA BREAKE KER R ARE ARE GENE GENERA RALLY LLY COST COSTLY LY HENCE UNNECESSARY EQUIPMENT SHOULD NOT BE PROVIDED.
1. SINGLE SINGLE BUS BUS BAR BAR ARRA ARRANGE NGEMEN MENT:T:THE THE SING SINGLE LE ARRA ARRANG NGEM EMEN ENT T CONS CONSIS ISIT ITS S OF A SING SINGLE LE (THR (THREE EE PHASE) BUS BUS BAR BAR TO WHICH WHICH VARIOUS VARIOUS FEEDERS FEEDERS ARE CONNECTED. CONNECTED. IN CASE OF FAULT OR MAINTENANCE OF BUS, THE ENTIRE BUS BAR HAS TO BE DE-ENERGIS DE-ENERGISED ED AND THE TOTAL TOTAL SHUTDOWN SHUTDOWN RESULT RESULTS. S. THIS SCHEME IS MOST ECONOMICAL AND SIMPLE.
2. DOUBLE DOUBLE BUS BUS BAR BAR ARRAN ARRANGEM GEMENT ENT::THE DOUBLE DOUBLE BUS SYSTEM SYSTEMS S PROVID PROVIDE E ADDITO ADDITONAL NAL FLEXIBI FLEXIBILITY LITY,, CONTINUITY OF SUPPLY AND PERMIT PERIODIC PERIODIC MAINTENANCE. MAINTENANCE. IN THE EVENT OF FAULT ON THE BUS BAR THE OTHER CAN BE USED THE FIGURE SHOWS TO THE BUS BAR ARRANGEMENT.THERE ARE TWO BUSES CALLED CALLED MAIN BUS BUS AND RESEVE BUS . THE COUPLER CAN BE CLOSED SO AS TO CONNECT TWO BUSES WHILE TRNASFERRING THE POWER TO THE RESERVE BUS. BUS. i) i i) iii)
CLOSED BUS COUPLER, THE TWO BUSES ARE NOW AT SAME POTENTIAL. CLOSE OSED ISOLATO LATOR R ON RESERVE BUS. OPE OPEN ISOLATO LATOR R ON MAIN BUS.
3 LIGHTING ARRESTER A LIGHTING ARRESTER IS DEVICE, WHICH PROVES LOW IMPEDE IMPEDENCE NCE PATH PATH FOR THE FLOW OF CURRENT CURRENT BETWE BETWEEN EN THE LINE AND EARTH EARTH WHEN WHEN THE SYSTEM SYSTEMS S VOLTAGE VOLTAGE INCREA INCREASES SES MORE MORE THAN THAN THE DESIRE VALUE AND REGAINS ITS ORIGINAL PROPERTIES OF AN
INSULATOR INSULATOR AT NORMAL NORMAL VOLTAGE. VOLTAGE. IT IS CONNECTED CONNECTED BETWEEN BETWEEN LINE AND EARTH AT THE SWITH YARD NEAR THE TRANSFORMER. THE LIGHTING ARRESTERS ARE EXTENSIVELY EXTENSIVELY USED FOR PROTECTION OF TRANSFORMERS, SWITH GEARS AND ELECTRICAL EQUIPMENTS OF OVER OVER HEAD LINES, LINES, POWER POWER HOUSES HOUSES AND SUB-S SUB-STAT TATION ION . THESE THESE ARE ALSO USE TO PROTECT THE LINE AND EQUIPMENTS FROM SKYLIGHTING.FOL FOLLOW LOWING ARE THE MAIN TYPE OF LIGHTING ARRESTERSi) ii) iii) ii) iv) v) vi)
HORN GAP LIGHTING ARRESTER. EXPUL XPULSI SION ON TYP TYPE LIGH LIGHTI TING NG ARR ARRESTE ESTERS RS.. OXID OXIDE E FILM FILM LIGH LIGHTI TING NG ARRES RRESTE TER R. PELLET LET LIGHTING ARRESTER TER THYRITE LIGHTING AR ARRESTER. AUTO UTO VALU VALUE E LIGH LIGHTI TIN NG ARR ARRESTE ESTER. R.
EXPULSION TYPE LIGHTING ARRESTER IT CONSISTS OF – i) A TUBE MADE OF FIBRE WHICH IS VERY EFFECTIVE GAS EVOLVING MATERIALS. ii) ii) AN ISOL ISOLAT ATIN ING G SPA SPARK RK GAP GAP ( OR EXTE EXTERN RNAL AL SERI SERIES ES GAP) GAP) iii) iii) AN INTR INTRUP UPTI TING NG SPA SPARK RK GAP GAP INSI INSIDE DE THE THE FIBR FIBRE E TUB TUBE. E. DURING OPERATION, ARC DUE TO IMPULSE SPARK OR INSIDE THE FIBR FIBROU OUS S TUBE TUBE CAUS CAUSES ES SOME SOME FIBR FIBRE E MATE MATERI RIAL AL OF THE THE TUBE TUBE VOLTISE IN FORM OF GAS, WHICH IS EXPELLED THROUGH A VENT FROM THE BOTTOM OF THE TUBE, THUS EXTINGUISH EXTINGUISHING ING THE ARC JUST LIKE IN CIRCUIT BREAKER. SINCE THE GASES GENERATED HAVE TO BE EXPELLED, ONE OF THE ELECTRODE IS HOLLO AND DIVERTER IS OPEN AT ITS LOWER END.
THYRITE LIGHTING ARRESTER:THIS TYPE OF LIGHTING ARRESTER CONSISTS OF NUMBER OF DISCS OF INORGANIC CERAMIC COMPOUND. THESE DISCS ARE PLACED IN A SERIES HAVING SOME GAPS IN BETWEEN THEM AND ARE SEALED IN A PROCELAIN TUBE. THIS TUBE HAS MATELLIC LIC CAP AND ELECTRODES AT ITS END.
THE COMPOUND USED FOR DISCS SERVE AS AN INSULATOR BUT CHAG CHAGES ES TO A GO GOOD OD COND CONDUC UCTO TOR R WHEN WHEN VOLT VOLTAG AGES ES ACRO ACROSS SS IT RISE RISES S TO A CERT CERTAI AIN N PRED PREDET ETER ERMIN MINED ED VALU VALUE. E. IT IS USED USED UPTO UPTO 220KV SYSTEMS.
LIGHTING ARRESTER
210 MW TURBO GENERATOR GENERAL:MODERN FEATURES OF DIRECT COOLING BY WATER & HYDROGEN ARE INCORPORAT INCORPORATED ED IN THE 210 MW TURBO GENERATOR, GENERATOR, THUS EVOLVE AN ECONOMICAL & RELIABLE DESIGN. THE MACHINE IS PROVIDED WITH A
FAST ACTING EXCITATION SYSTEM & DEPENDABLE AUXILLARY SERVICE TO GIVE PROLONGED TROUBLE FREE OPERATION OVER THE YEARS. ALL ALL THE THE MATE MATERI RIAL AL THAT THAT GO GOES ES INTO INTO THE THE MANU MANUFA FACT CTUR URE E OF THIS THIS MACHINE SUBJECTED TO VARIOUS TEST AS PER NATIONAL & INTE INTERN RNAT ATIO IONA NAL L STAN STANDA DARD RDS. S. EACH EACH COMP COMPON ONON ONET ETS S UNDE UNDERG RGOE OES S SERIES SERIES OF STAGEW STAGEWISE ISE TESTS. TESTS. DESCRI DESCRIPTI PTION ON OF VARIOU VARIOUS S PARTS PARTS IS GIVEN BALOW:1.STATOR WINDING AND INSULATION:INSULATION :THE STATOR HAS A THREE PHASE, DOUBLE LAYER, SHORT CHORDED, BAR TYPE TYPE WINDIN WINDING, G, HAVING HAVING TWO PARALLEL PARALLEL PATS. PATS. EACH EACH COIL COIL SIDE SIDE CONSIS CONSISTS TS OF GLASS GLASS INSULA INSULATED TED SOLID SOLID AND HOLLOW HOLLOW CONDUC CONDUCTORS TORS WITH COOLING WATER PASSING THROUGH THE PATTER. THE ELEMENTARY CONDUCTORS ARE ROEBEL TRANSPOSED IN THE SLOT POETION OF WINDING TO MINIMISE EDDY CURRENT LOSSES. ADEQ ADEQUA UATE TE PROT PROTEC ECTI TION ON IS PROV PROVID IDED ED TO AVOI AVOID D CORO CORONA NA & OTHER OTHER DISC DISCHA HARG RGES ES.. IN THE THE SLOTS SLOTS,, THE THE SIDE SIDES S ARE ARE FIRM FIRMLY LY HELD HELD IN THE THE POSI POSITI TION ON BY FIBOR FIBOROU OUSS SSLO LOT T WAGE WAGES, S, WHIC WHICH H ARE ARE MECH MECHAN ANIC ICAL ALLY LY STRONG STRONG AND AND HAVE HAVE HIGH HIGH DIELEC DIELECTRI TRIC C PROPER PROPERTIE TIES. S. THE OVERHA OVERHANG NG PORTION OF THE COIL IS SECURELY LASHED WITH GLASS CHORD TO BOND BONDAG AGE E RING RINGS& S& SPEC SPECIA IAL L BREC BRECKE KETS TS OF NON NON MAGN MAGNET ETIC IC STEE STEEL, L, WHICH ARE IN TURN FIXED TO THE CORE PRESS RINGS. ON SHORT CIRCUITS THE FORCES BETWEENTHE CONDUCTOR TEND TO OPEN THE CONE CONE FORM FORMED ED BY OVER OVERHA HANG NG PORT PORTIO ION N OF THE THE COIL COILS S , BUT BUT THE THE MOVEMENT IS EFFECTIVELY PRESENTED BY SUPPORTS & LASHINGS. 2.DISTILLATE HEADERS OR STATOR WATER W ATER HEADER:HEADER :RING ING TYP TYPE WATE WATER R HEAD HEADER ERS, S, MAD MADE OF COP COPPER PER ARE ARE PROV ROVIDE IDED SEPE SEPERA RATE TELY LY FOR FOR DIST DISTIL ILLA LATE TE INLE INLET T & OUTLE OUTLET T IN THE THE STAT STATOR OR ON TURBINE SIDE. THE HEADERS ARE SUPPORTED ON INSULATORS AND ISOLA ISOLATE TED D FROM FROM STAT STATOR OR BODY BODY.. THE THE WIND WINDIN ING G ENDS ENDS ARE ARE SOLE SOLEDL DLY Y SOLDERED INTO THE COIL LUGS WHICH ARE THAN ULTRASONICALLY TESTED. INDIVIDUAL BARS ARE PROVIDED WITH WATER INLET/OUTLET CONNE ONNEC CTION TIONS S MADE MADE OF P.T. .T.F.E F.E. HOUS OUSES. ES. THE BAR HEADS EADS ARE INSU INSULA LATE TED D BY FIBR FIBRE E MOUL MOULDE DED D CORN CORNER ERS. S. THE THE WIND WINDIN ING G SCHE SCHEME ME ALONG WITH THE WATER CONNECTIONS. THE COMPLETE WATER PATH ASSE ASSEMB MBLTY LTY IS SUBJ SUBJEC ECTE TED D TO THE THE RIGI RIGID D HYDR HYDROA OATI TIC C PNEU PNEUMA MATI TIC C TESTS AT VARIOUS STAGES TO ENSURE WATER TIGHTNESS AND TO DETECT BLOCKING OF THE FLOWS PATHS. 3.TERMINAL BUSHINGS :WATE WATER R COLLE COLLED D TERM TERMIN INAL AL BUSH BUSHIN INGS GS ARE ARE HOUS HOUSED ED IN THE THE LOWER LOWER PART OF THE STATOR ON THE SLIP RING SIDE. PROCELAIN INSULATORS
ARE PROVIDED TO INSULATE THE TERMINAL BARS FROM THE STATOR BODY BODY.. EFFE EFFECT CTIV IVE E SEAL SEALIN ING G IS PROV PROVID IDED ED BETW BETWEE EEN N THE THE TERM TERMIN INAL AL BUS BUSHIN HINGNA GNAND THE THE STA STATIR TIR BIDY IDY TO AVOID VOID ANY POSS OSSIBIL IBILIT ITY Y OF LEAKAGE OF HYDROGEN. TERMINAL BUSHING ARE HOUSED INSIDE A CHAM CHAMBE BER R MADE MADE OF NON NON MAGN MAGNET ETIC IC STEE STEEL L PLAT PLATES ES.. THRE THREE E PHAS PHASE E TERMINALS ARE BROUGHT OUT TO FACILITATE EXTERNAL CONNECTIONS. THE TERMINAL PLATE OF THE END TERMINALS, WHERE BUS BAR CONNECTIONS ARE MADE IS SILVER PLATED. THE TERMINAL BUSHINGS CAN BE REPLACED WITHOUT REMOVING THE STAT STATOR OR FROM FROM FOUND FOUNDAT ATIO ION. N. PROV PROVIS ISIO ION N IS MADE MADE FOR FOR FIXI FIXING NG THE THE EXTERNAL BUS DUCTS WITH THE TERMINAL PLATE. 4.ROTOR:THE ROTOR IS OF CYLINDRICAL TYPE SHAFT AND BODY BEING FORGED IN ONE PIECE PIECE FROM FROM CHROMI CHROMIUM, UM, NICKEL NICKEL,MOL ,MOLYBE YBEND NDUM UM & VANADI VANADIUM UM STEEL. PRIOR TO MATCHING, A SERIES OF COMPREHENSIVE ULTRASONIC EXAMINATION AND OTHER TESTS ARE CARRIED OUT ON ROTOR ROTOR BYOD BYODY Y AND AND SHSF SHSFT T PORT PORTIO ION N TO ENSU ENSURE RE OF ANY ANY INTE INTERN RNAL AL DEFECTS. THE ROTOR WITH ALL THE DETAILS ASSEMBLED , DYNA DYNAMI MICA CALL LLY Y BALA BALANC NCED ED TO A HIGH HIGH DEGR DEGREE EE OF ACCU ACCURA RACY CY AND AND SUBJ SUBJEC ECTE TED D TO 20% 20% OVER OVER SPEE SPEEDI DING NG FOR FOR 2 MINU MINUTE TES S ENSU ENSURI RING NG MECHANICAL STRENGTH. 5.FIELD WINDING:THE FIELD WINDING IS MADE FROM HARD DRAWN SILVER BEARING COPPER. ROTOR WINDING IS HELD IN POSITION AGAINST CENTRIFUGAL FORCES BY DURALIUM FORCES WEDGES IN THE SLOT PORTION & BY NON MAGNETIC STEEL RETAINING RINGS IN THE OVER HANG PORTION . GAP PICK UP SYSTEM IS EMPLOYED FOR DIRECT HYDROGEN COOLING OF ROTOR WINDING. SEVERAL GROUPS OF VENTILATION DUCTS ARE MULLED ON THE SIDES OF THE ROTOR COIL FOR GAS PASSAGE. THE ROTOR ROTOR SLOT SLOT WEDGES WEDGES ARE OF SPECIA SPECIAL L PROFILE PROFILES S WITH WITH ELLIPTI ELLIPTICAL CAL HOLES OLES ROLL ROLLE ED IN TO MATC MATCH H THE THE VENTI ENTILA LATI TION ON DUC DUCTS ON THE THE WINDIN WINDING G STACKS STACKS.. THE END WINDIN WINDINGS GS ARE ARE INSULA INSULATED TED FROM FROM RINGS RINGS WITH WITH THE THE HELP HELP OF GLAS GLASS S EPOX EPOXY Y MOUL MOULDE DED D SEGM SEGMEN ENTS TS.. COPP COPPER ER SEGMENTAL TYPE DAMPER WINDING IS PROVIDED IN THE END ZONE OF ROTOR MORDWS TO PREVENT OVER HEATING OF RETURNING RING S DURING ASSYMETRICAL & ASYNCHRONOUS OPERATION. 6.SHAFT MOUNTED FANS:FANS :FOR CIRCULATING THE COOLING GAS INSIDE THE GENSRATOR, TWO PROPELLER TYPE FANS ARE SHAFT MOUNTED ON THIS & OF ROTOR BODY. BODY. FAN HUBS HUBS ARE MADE FROM FROM ALLOY STEEL STEEL FORGIN FORGING G AND ARE
HOT FITTED ON THE ROTOR SHAFT WITH SUFFICIENT INTERFERENCE . THE THE ALLO ALLOY Y STEE STEEL L CAST CAST FAN FAN BLAD BLADES ES ARE ARE MACH MACHIN INED ED IN THE THE TAIL TAIL PORTION TO SUIT THE FAN HUB AND HELD IN POSITION WITH THE HELP OF CONICAL PINS. THE BLADES CAN BE EASILY REMOVED FROM OR ASSEMBLED IN THE FAN HUB. FAN SHIELDS FIXED TO THE T HE END SHIELDS, GUIDE THE FLOW OF GAS G AS THROUGH THE FAN SECTIONS. 7.SLIP RINGS:RINGS:THE THE SLIP SLIP RING RING CONS CONSIS ISTS TS OF HELLI HELLICA CALLY LLY GROOV GROOVED ED ALLO ALLOY Y STEE STEEL L RING RINGS S SHRU SHRUNK NK ON THE THE ROTOR ROTOR SHAF SHAFT T & INSU INSULA LATE TED D FROM FROM IT. IT. FOR FOR CONV CONVEN ENIE IENC NCE E IN ASSE ASSEMB MBLY LY BOTH BOTH THE THE RING RINGS S ARE ARE MOUN MOUNTE TED D ON A SSINGLE, COMMON STEEL BUSH, WHICH HAS AN INSULATED JACKET PRE MOULDED ON IT. THE COMPLETE BUSH WITH SLIP RING IS SHRUNK ON THE ROTOR TOR SHAFTS FTS. THE SLIP LIP RINGS ARE PROVI OVIDED WITH INCLINED HOLES FOR SELF-VENTILATION. THE HELICAL GROOVES CUT ON THE THE OUTE OUTER R SURF SURFA ACE OF THE SLIP LIP RINGS INGS IMPRO MPROV VES BRUSH RUSH PERFORMANCE.
TURBO GENERATOR RATINGS CAPACITY IN KW- 210000 POWER FACTOR- 0.85 CAPACITY IN KVA- 247000 STATOR:-a).15750 V b).90.60A ROTOR:-a).310V.
b).2600A ROTOR R.P.M.- 3000 FREQUENCY- 50HZ PHASE- 3 CONNECTION- STAR COOLENT- H2+H2O NO. OF POLES- 2
TURBO GENERATOR
TRAINING REPORT ON PANIPAT THERMAL POWER STATION
By: ROLL NO: ELECTRICAL ENGINEERING
