S U B M I T T E DB Y : S a u r a b hK r . S i n g h 0 9 5 7 0 1 0 8 0 5 1 B . T e c h . 7th s e m
: Technical Associates Ltd. (TAL) is one of India's oldest manufacturers of Power Transformers. Established in 1967 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, TAL originally manufactured Distribution Transformers for 11 kV distribution networks. Today, our scope of business activities has expanded vastly to include: 1. Manufacturing of Power & Distribution Transformers up to 132 kV. 2. Transmission & Distribution Engineering, Procurement and Commissioning Projects on Turnkey basis. Through a greenfield plant in Sitarganj, Uttarakhand TAL's transformer manufacturing capabilities are being upgraded significantly to include design, manufacture and testing of EHV Power Transformers upto 400 kV. TAL has successfully supplied more than 500,000 (approx. 40,000 MVA) transformers which are in active service across India, Bangladesh and Nepal. TAL is committed to continuous learning, product and process improvement, dedication to quality and fostering innovativeness. These are the core strengths of the company, which will allow TAL to deliver newer products and diversify into newer areas which have increasing relevance to the needs of the Energy sector. After more than 40 years in business, TAL is ready to build on it's vast storehouse of experience, expertise and excellence to play a greater role today in the development of Energy infrastructure in India, and beyond. b eyond.
: Technical Associates Ltd. (TAL) is one of India's oldest manufacturers of Power Transformers. Established in 1967 in Lucknow, Uttar Pradesh, TAL originally manufactured Distribution Transformers for 11 kV distribution networks. Today, our scope of business activities has expanded vastly to include: 1. Manufacturing of Power & Distribution Transformers up to 132 kV. 2. Transmission & Distribution Engineering, Procurement and Commissioning Projects on Turnkey basis. Through a greenfield plant in Sitarganj, Uttarakhand TAL's transformer manufacturing capabilities are being upgraded significantly to include design, manufacture and testing of EHV Power Transformers upto 400 kV. TAL has successfully supplied more than 500,000 (approx. 40,000 MVA) transformers which are in active service across India, Bangladesh and Nepal. TAL is committed to continuous learning, product and process improvement, dedication to quality and fostering innovativeness. These are the core strengths of the company, which will allow TAL to deliver newer products and diversify into newer areas which have increasing relevance to the needs of the Energy sector. After more than 40 years in business, TAL is ready to build on it's vast storehouse of experience, expertise and excellence to play a greater role today in the development of Energy infrastructure in India, and beyond. b eyond.
A C K N O W L E D G E M E N T I tg i v e sm eg r e a tp l e a s u r et oe x p r e s sm yd e e p s e n s eo fg r a t i t u d et oM r .R a j e e vG o y a l ,w i t h o u t w h o s ep a t i e n tg u i d a n c ea n dc o n s t a n te n c o u r a g e m e n t t h i ss t u d yw o u l dn o th a v ec o m et oi t sp r e s e n t f o r m .Ia ms i n c e r e l yt h a n k f u lt oh i mf o r p e r m i t t i n gm et ow o r ko nat o p i co fs p e c i a l i n t e r e s tt om ef o rs t u d y .Io weh i mad e b to f g r a t i t u d ef o rc o n s t r u c t i v ec r i t i c i s mf r o mt i m et o t i m ed u r i n gt h ec o u r s eo ft h e s ei n v e s t i g a t i o n s. I a ma l s oh i g h l yg r a t e f u lt oo t h e rf a c u l t ym e m b e r s f o rp r o v i d i n ga l lf a c i l i t i e sf o rc a r r y i n go u tt h i s p r o j e c tw o r k .M ys i n c e r et h a n k sm u s tg ot om y f a m i l ym e m b e r sw h os h o w e dp a t i e n c ea n df o r b e a r a n c e d u r i n gt h ep e r i o do fo u rs t u d y .
S a u r a b hK r .S i n g h 0 9 5 7 0 1 0 8 0 5 1 t h B . T e c h .7 s e m P h o n i c sG r o u pO fI n s t i t u t i o n s R o o r k e e , H a r i d w a r 2 0 0 9 1 3
Technical Associates Ltd. (TAL) – An ISO 9001:2000 Company is known to be one of India’s oldest, reputed manufacturers of Power and Distribution Transformers. From humble beginnings in 1967 as a partnership firm; almost four decades back, Technical Associates Ltd. has today grown into a nationally respected and known Power Transformer manufacturing company.
Journey of Progress and Achievements: 1969: First order received for 5kVA, 11/0.250 kV Single Phase transformer from Uttar Pradesh State Electricity Board (now Uttar Pradesh Power Corporation Ltd.) 1970: Regular production commences of pole and pad mounted transformers of different ratings up to 1000 kVA, 11/0.433 kV. 1973: Technical Associates Ltd. registered as a company incorporated under the Indian Companies Act, 1956. 1973: Production commences at a new manufacturing facility at Ismailganj, Lucknow for Power & Distribution transformers. Ismailganj continues to be TAL’s head office and flagship plant for 132 kV Power Transformers. 1974: A sister concern - Sri Ram Industries set up to manufacture Transmission Line Towers. These were
designed, tested, fabricated, and galvanized for 132 kV Transmission Lines. Microwave towers up to a height of 100 Mtrs. supplied for Microwave link connecting east UP to west UP. 1979: TAL sets up the first Distribution transformer manufacturing plant in the state of Punjab in District Sangrur. 1991: TAL gets ISO 9000 certification for assembly of transformers and processing of raw materials including core laminations, slitting and cutting, conductor drawing, paper covering, transformer oil base stock processing, tank fabrication and insulation. 2001: TAL becomes a regular manufacturer of 40.0 MVA, 132 kV power transformers. 2006: TAL manufacturing activities certified for compliance with ISO 9001:2000 standards by BSI, UK. 2006: Turnkey Power Projects division set up for executing Transmission & Distribution EPC projects. 2007: TAL commences execution of several projects for Engineering, Procurement, Construction, Erection and Commissioning of Switchyards for 33, 66 and 110 kV switchyards and Lines from 11 kV up to 132 kV all over the country. 2007: Work commences on setting up a state of the art manufacturing plant in Sitarganj, Uttarakhand for manufacture of Extra High Voltage Power transformers
up to 400 kV class. 2008: State of the art plant commissioned at Sitarganj (Uttarakhand). It will enlarge TAL’s transformer product portfolio to include EHV Transformers up to 400 kV; a quantum leap in manufacturing and technology. TAL has successfully supplied more than 500,000 (approx. 40,000 MVA) transformers which are in active service across India, Bangladesh and Nepal, helping bring light and warmth to millions of families from the remotest corners of the subcontinent to the heights of the Himalayas. Through consistent performance spanning several decades, TAL Transformers have built a strong reputation for quality, ruggedness and reliability – with a capacity to withstand the vagaries of T&D networks and minimizing the total cost of ownership for customers. The company is also looking for international collaborations and strategic partners for its new initiatives as part of growth targets over the coming decade. In the words of the MD: “For our next stage of growth – our attempt is to leverage our past experience, knowledge and credentials, to benchmark ourselves against global leaders, and to build continuous value for our Customers, Employees, Vendors and Shareholders”.
TAL offer specialized services to our customers which take advantage of our learning and experiences through 36 years of change in the Indian Power Sector. We understand electricity distribution and transformation technology and offer our expertise to customers having requirements of: 1. Repair of Power Transformers 2. Turnkey execution of Distribution/Transmission Projects
h a se s t a b l i s h e dh i s b r a n c ho f f i c ea tL U C K N O W .
Product Design and Planning:S i n c ea l lt r a n s f o r m e r sa r et a i l o rm a d e ,o nr e c e i p t o ft h ec u s t o m e ro r d e r , t h em a n u f a c t u r e rc o m m e n c e d e s i g n i n gt h et r a n s f o r m e ra sp e rc u s t o m e rn e e d s . T h ed r a w i n gi st h e ns u b m i t t e dt ot h ec u s t o m e rf o r a p p r o v a l .T h ed r a w i n ga n db i l lo fm a t e r i a la r e t h e ni s s u e dt ov a r i o u sd e p a r t m e n t st oc a r r yo u t f u r t h e rw o r ka sp e rd e s i g n .
TRANSFORMER:Principle:AT r a n s f o r m e rb a s e do nt h eP r i n c i p l eo fm u t u a l i n d u c t i o na c c o r d i n gt ot h i sp r i n c i p l e ,t h ea m o u n t o fm a g n e t i cf l u xl i n k e dw i t hac o i lc h a n g i n g ,a n e . m . fi si n d u c e di nt h en e i g h b o u r i n gc o i l .
Construction:At r a n s f o r m e rc o n s i s t so far e c t a n g u l a rs h a f ti r o n c o r em a d eo fl a m i n a t e ds h e e t s ,w e l li n s u l a t e df r o m 2a 1&s 2a o n ea n o t h e r . T w oc o i l sp1&p n ds r ew o u n d o nt h es a m ec o r e ,b u ta r ew e l li n s u l a t e dw i t he a c h o t h e r .N o t et h a tt h eb o t ht h ec o i l sa r ei n s u l a t e d f r o mt h ec o r e ,t h es o u r c eo fa l t e r n a t i n ge . m . fi s c o n n e c t e dt op1p ,t h ep r i m a r yc o i la n dal o a d 2 2 r e s i s t a n c eRi sc o n n e c t e dt os1s ,t h es e c o n d a r y c o i lt h r o u g ha no p e ns w i t c hS . T h u st h e r ec a nb en o c u r r e n tt h r o u g ht h es e c .c o i ls ol o n ga st h e s w i t c hi so p e n . F o ra ni d e a lt r a n s f o r m e r ,w ea s s u m e t h a tt h er e s i s t a n c eo ft h ep r i m a r y&s e c o n d a r y w i n d i n gi sn e g l i g i b l e .F u r t h e r ,t h ee n e r g yl o s e s d u et om a g n e t i ct h ei r o nc o r ei sa l s on e g l i g i b l e .
INTRODUCTION OF TRANSFORMER:At r a n s f o r m e ri sa ne l e c t r i c a ld e v i c ew h i c hi s u s e df o rc h a n g i n gt h eA . C .v o l t a g e s .At r a n s f o r m e r i sm o s tw i d e l yu s e dd e v i c ei nb o t hl o wa n dh i g h c u r r e n tc i r c u i t .A ss u c ht r a n s f o r m e r sa r eb u i l ti n a na m a z i n gs t r e n g t ho fs i z e s .I ne l e c t r o n i c , m e a s u r e m e n ta n dc o n t r o lc i r c u i t s ,t r a n s f o r m e rs i z e
m a yb es os m a l lt h a ti tw e i g h to n l yaf e wt e n so f g r a m sw h e r ea si nh i g hv o l t a g ep o w e rc i r c u i t s ,i t m a yw e i g h th u n d r e do ft o n e s .I nat r a n s f o r m e r ,t h e e l e c t r i c a le n e r g yt r a n s f e rf r o mo n ec i r c u i tt o a n o t h e rc i r c u i tt a k e sp l a c ew i t h o u tt h eu s eo f m o v i n gp a r t s . At r a n s f o r m e rw h i c hi n c r e a s e st h e v o l t a g e si sc a l l e das t e p u pt r a n s f o r m e r .A t r a n s f o r m e rw h i c hd e c r e a s e st h eA . C . v o l t a g e si s c a l l e das t e p d o w nt r a n s f o r m e r . T r a n s f o r m e ri s , t h e r e f o r e ,a ne s s e n t i a lp i e c eo fa p p a r a t u sb o t h f o rh i g ha n dl o wc u r r e n tc i r c u i t s .
THEORY AND WORKING OF TRANSFORMER W h e na na l t e r i n ge . m . f .i ss u p p l i e dt ot h ep r i m a r y 1 2 c o i lp p , a na l t e r n a t i n gc u r r e n ts t a r t sf a l l i n gi n i t .T h ea l t e r i n gc u r r e n ti nt h ep r i m a r yp r o d u c e sa c h a n g i n gm a g n e t i cf l u x ,w h i c hi n d u c e sa l t e r i n g v o l t a g ei nt h ep r i m a r ya sw e l la si nt h es e c o n d a r y . I nag o o d t r a n s f o r m e r , w h o l eo ft h em a g n e t i cf l u x l i n k e dw i t hp r i m a r yi sa l s ol i n k e dw i t ht h e s e c o n d a r y ,t h e nt h ei n d u c e de . m . f .i n d u c e di ne a c h t u r no ft h es e c o n d a r yi se q u a lt ot h a ti n d u c e di n e a c ht u r no ft h ep r i m a r y . T h u si fEpa n dE et h e sb i n s t a n t a n e o u sv a l u e so ft h ee m f si n d u c e di nt h e sa p r i m a r ya n dt h es e c o n d a r ya n dNpa n dN r et h en o . o ft u r n so ft h ep r i m a r ya n ds e c o n d a r yc o i l so ft h e t=r t r a n s f o r m e ra n dDфь /d a t eo fc h a n g eo f f l u xi ne a c ht u r no f ft h ec o i la tt h i si n s t a n t ,w e h a v e p=pd tфь/ E N d ( 1 )A n d s=sd tфь/ E N d -( 2 ) S i n c et h ea b o v er e l a t i o n sa r et r u ea te v e r y i n s t a n t ,s ob yd i v i d i n g2b y1,w eg e t E ( 3 ) s/E p=-N s/N ppi A sE st h ei n s t a n t a n e o u sv a l u eo fb a c ke . m . f i n d u c e di nt h ep r i m a r yc o i lp1,s ot h e i n s t a n t a n e o u sc u r r e n ti np r i m a r yc o i li sd u et o t h ed i f f e r e n c e( E –E nt h ei n s t a n t a n e o u s p)i
v a l u e so ft h ea p p l i e da n db a c ke . m . f .f u r t h e ri f pi 2c R st h er e s i s t a n c eo ,p1p o i l ,t h e nt h e i n s t a n t a n e o u sc u r r e n tI pi nt h ep r i m a r yc o i li s g i v e nb y p=E–E p/R p I E–E p=I pR p p W h e nt h er e s i s t a n c eo ft h ep r i m a r yi ss m a l l ,RpI c a nb en e g l e c t e ds ot h e r e f o r e E–E rEp=E p=0o T h u sb a c ke . m . f=i n p u te . m . f H e n c ee q u a t i o n3c a nb ew r i t t e na s E u t p u te . m . f/i n p u te . m . f= Ns/ s/E p=E s/E=o p=K N W h e r eKi sc o n s t a n t ,c a l l e dt u r no rt r a n s f o r m a t i o n r a t i o . In a step up transformer s>Es p E oK>1 ,h e n c eNs>N In a step down transformer s1 ,s oIp>I rI p so s
i . e .c u r r e n ti ns e c .i sw e a k e rw h e ns e c o n d a r y v o l t a g ei sh i g h e r . H e n c e ,w h a t e v e rw eg a i ni n v o l t a g e ,w el o s ei nc u r r e n ti nt h ea m er a t i o . S i m i l a r l yi tc a nb es h o w n ,t h ati nas t e pd o w n t r a n s f o r m e r ,w h a t e v e rw el o s ei nv o l t a g e ,w eg a i n i nc u r r e n ti nt h es a m er a t i o .T h u sas t e pu p t r a n s f o r m e ri nr e a l i t ys t e p sd o w nt h ec u r r e n t&a s t e pd o w nt r a n s f o r m e rs t e p su pt h ec u r r e n t . Efficiency:E f f i c i e n c yo fE f f i c i e n c yo fat r a n s f o r m e ri s d e f i n e da st h er a t i oo fo u t p u tp o w e rt ot h ei n p u t η =o p o w e r .i . e . u t p u tp o w e r/i n p u tp o w e r= EsI s pI p /E T h u si na ni d e a lt r a n s f o r m e r ,w h e r et h e r ei sn o p o w e rl o s s e s , η=1 .B u ti na c t u a lp r a c t i c e ,t h e r e a r em a n yp o w e rl o s s e s , t h e r e f o r et h ee f f i c i e n c yo f t r a n s f o r m e ri sl e s st h a no n e . ENERGY LOSSES:F o l l o w i n ga r et h em a j o rs o u r c e so fe n e r g yl o s si n at r a n s f o r m e r : 1 .Copper loss i st h ee n e r g yl o s si nt h ef o rmo f h e a ti nt h ec o p p e rc o i l so fat r a n s f o r m e r .T h i si s d u et oj o u l eh e a t i n go fc o n d u c t i n gw i r e s . 2 .Iron loss i st h ee n e r g yl o s si nt h ef o r mo fh e a t i nt h ei r o nc o r eo ft h et r a n s f o r m e r .T h i si sd u e t of o r m a t i o no fe d d yc u r r e n t si ni r o nc o r e .I ti s m i n i m i z e db yt a k i n gl a m i n a t e dc o r e s . 3. Leakage of magnetic flux o c c u r si n s p i t eo fb e s t i n s u l a t i o n s . T h e r e f o r e ,r a t eo fc h a n g eo fm a g n e t i c
2i f l u xl i n k e dw i t he a c ht u r no fS1S sl e s st h a nt h e r a t eo fc h a n g eo fm a g n e t i cf l u xl i n k e d w i t he a c ht u r no fP1P . 2 4 .Hysteretic loss i st h el o s so fe n e r g yd u et o r e p e a t e dm a g n e t i z a t i o na n dd e m a g n e t i z a t i o no ft h e i r o nc o r ew h e nA . C .i sf e dt oi t . 5 .Magneto striation i . e .h u m m i n gn o i s eo fa t r a n s f o r m e r .
USES OF TRANSFORMER At r a n s f o r m e ri su s e di na l m o s ta l la . c . o p e r a t i o n s I nv o l t a g er e g u l a t o rf o rT . V . ,r e f r i g e r a t o r , c o m p u t e r , a i rc o n d i t i o n e re t c . I nt h ei n d u c t i o n f u r n a c e s . As t e pd o w nt r a n s f o r m e ri su s e df o rw e l d i n g p u r p o s e s . As t e pd o w nt r a n s f o r m e ri su s e df o ro b t a i n i n g l a r g ec u r r e n t . As t e pu pt r a n s f o r m e ri su s e df o rt h ep r o d u c t i o n o fX R a y sa n dN E O Na d v e r t i s e m e n t . T r a n s f o r m e r sa r eu s e di nv o l t a g er e g u l a t o r sa n d s t a b i l i z e dp o w e rs u p p l i e s . T r a n s f o r m e r sa r eu s e di nt h et r a n s m i s s i o n so f a . c .o v e rl o n gd i s t a n c e s . S m a l lt r a n s f o r m e r sa r eu s e di nR a d i os e t s , t e l e p h o n e s ,l o u ds p e a k e r sa n de l e c t r i cb e l l se t c .
Manufacturing process o r eB u i l d i n gC R G O a) C ( C o l dR o l l e dG r a i nO r i e n t e d )s t e e ls h e e t sa r eu s e df o r m a n u f a c t u r i n gc o r el a m i n a t i o n sb yt h es u b c o n t r a c t o r s . T h e yc u tr e q u i r e ds i z eo fl a m i n a t i o n sb yh i g ha c c u r a c y s h e a r s .L a m i n a t i o n sa r es t a c k e di n s t e pl a pi n t e r l e a v e d f a s h i o nt om i n i m i z ec o r el o s s e s , e x c i t i n gc u r r e n ta n d n o i s el e v e l .T h ey o k e sa n dl i m b sa r ef i r m l yc l a m p e d b e t w e e ns t e e lc h a n n e l si nm a n n e r ,w h i c hr e d u c e s v i b r a t i o n , a n di n h e r e n tn o i s e .
CRGO laminated silicon steel
CORE assembly
b ) W i n d i n g A n n e a l e d / h a l f h a r dc o p p e rc o n d u c t o r se i t h e ri nt h ef o r m o fas t r i po rr o u n dw i r e sa r eu s e di nw i n d i n go p e r a t i o n s a n dd i m e n s i o n sf o rt h ew i n d i n gs u c ha si n s i d ed i a m e t e r a n do u t s i d ed i a m e t e ra r em a i n t a i n e db ys e l e c t i n gp r o p e r M a n d r e l .I n s u l a t i o ni sp r o v i d e da sm e n t i o n e di nt h e d e s i g no u t p u t .T h ec o i lt a p p i n gl e a d sa n dp h a s el e a d s a r et a k e no u ta c c o r d i n gt ot h ed e s i g no u t p u t . C o i l sa r e k e p tu n d e rc l a m p i n gp r e s s u r ea n ds e n tf o ro v e n i n g
C O I L S
c) PreparationofinsulatingmaterialPre compressed b o a r d s , p e r m aw o o d( u n i m p r e g n a t e di d e n t i f i e dl a m i n a t e d w o o dw h i c hc a nw i t hs t a n dt e m p e r a t u r e so fu p t o1 1 0 0 c ) ; c r a f tp a p e r ,c r e p ep a p e r , e t c .a r eu s e da si n s u l a t i n g m a t e r i a l .C o m p o n e n t ss u c ha sc y l i n d e r s , w e d g e s ,s p a c e r s , r i n g se t c .a r em a d ef r o mt h e s em a t e r i a l sb yd i f f e r e n t o p e r a t i o n sl i k ec u t t i n g ,e d g er o u n d i n g ,c h a m f e r i n g , d r i l l i n g ,m a c h i n i n ge t c . I n s u l a t i o np a p e r
o r eC o i lA s s e m b l y d) C T h ec o i l sa r ec o n c e n t r i c a l l ya s s e m b l e do nt h ec o r el i m b s a sp e rt h ed e s i g nd e t a i l s .T h ec o r ea n dc o i la s s e m b l yi s r i g i d l ys u p p o r t e da n dc l a m p e d .T h em a i nl e a d sa n d t a p p i n gl e a d so fc o i l sa r et h e nc o n n e c t e dt ob u s h i n g s a n dt h et a pc h a n g e r sr e s p e c t i v e l y .A l lt h e s el e a d sa r e p r o p e r l yc l a m p e da n di n s u l a t e dt oe n s u r er e q u i r e d e l e c t r i c a lc l e a r a n c ea n dc r e e p a g e. At a pc h a n g e ri sa s e l e c t o rs w i t c ht h a ta l l o w st h ev o l t a g er a t i oo ft h e t r a n s f o r m e rt ob ec h a n g e db yi n c r e a s i n go rd e c r e a s i n g t h et u r n so ft h ew i n d i n g .T h et a p p i n gl e a d so ft h ec o i l s a r ec o n n e c t e dt ot h et a pc h a n g e rt oa l l o wt h ea d d i t i o n a l t u r n st ob eb r o u g h ti n t oo rt a k e no u to fc i r c u i t .I n s o m ed i s t r i b u t i o nt r a n s f o r m e r s,t h et a pc h a n g e rs w i t c h i sa no f fl o a dm a n u a ls w i t c h, w h i l ei no t h e r s,t h et a p c h a n g e ri sa no n l o a da u t o m a t i cs w i t c h .
e ) T a n kf i n i s ha n dp a i n t i n g s A f t e rw e l d i n g,t a n k sa r ep r e h e a t e db ys l o tb l a s t i n g . T h e ya r et h o r o u g h l yc l e a n e db e f o r ea p p l y i n gac o a to f z i n cc h r o m a t ep r i m e rp a i n to ne x t e r n a ls u r f a c e.o n e c o a to fw e a t h e rr e s i s t i n ge n a m e lf i n i s hp a i n t si s a p p l i e d.t h ef i n a lc o a to fe x t e r n a lp a i n ti sa p p l i e d, p r i o r t od i s p a t c h o fr e a d yt r a n s f o r m e rf i t t e dw i t h a c c e s s o r i e sa n df i t t i n g s .
v e n i n g f )O H o ta i rd r y i n gi sc a r r i e do u tt or e m o v em o i s t u r ef r o m t h ea c t i v ep a r t so ft h et r a n s f o r m e r s.F o rt r a n s f o r m e r s u pt o3 3 k vc l a s sd r y i n gi sc a r r i e do u ti nw e l l v e n t i l a t e do v e n sf o ra p e r i o dt i l li n s u l a t i o nr e s i s t a n c e b u i l d su pt os p e c i f i cv a l u e .F o rl a r g et r a n s f o r m e r s, a b o v e3 3 k vc l a s s ,d r y i n gt a k e sp l a c ei nv a c c u md r y i n g o v e n.t h ec o r e -c o i la s s e m b l y i si n i t i a l l yh e a t e d f o ra p r e d e t e r m i n e dp e r i o db ya d m i t t i n gh e a t e dk e r o s e n e v a p o u r.A n dt h e nt h e ya r ep l a c e du n d e rv a c c u m,t h i s c y c l ei sr e p e a t e dt i l la l lt h eM o i s t u r ei se x t r a c t e d.
T a n k i n g g ) A c t i v ep a r t ( C o r ec o i la s s e m b l y )a f t e rd r y i n ga r ep l a c e d i nt a n k .B u s h i n g so fs p e c i f i edr a t i n ga r em o u n t e do nt o p os i d ea sp e rd e s i g na r ec o n n e c t e dt oe n dt e r m i n a l s. t a pc h a n g i n gs w i t c hi sp r o v i d e da n dc o n n e c t e dt ov a r i o u s t a p p i n gl e a d sa sp e rd e s i g n .T h et o pp l a t ei st i g h t e n e d a ts p e c i f i ct o r q u ea n dt h ef i l t e r e do i li sf i l l e du n d e r v a c u u m.t h et a n ki st e s t e df o rl e a c k a g eb ys u b j e c t i n g i tt ot h er e q u i r e dp r e s s u r ea f t e ra l lo t h e ra c c e s s o r i e s a r ef i t t e do nt h et a n k .T h eo i li su s e df o rf u r t h e r i n s u l a t i n gp u r p o s e sp l u st h er e m o v a lo fh e a tf r o mt h e w i n d i n g s .T h ea s s e m b l yo ft h ew i n d i n g so nt h ec o r e a l l o w sg a p st oe n h a n c et h eo i lc i r c u l a t i o na r o u n dt h e
w i n d i n g s.t h et a n ki sc o n s t r u c t e dw i t hf i n so rt u b e st o a l l o wb e t t e rc i r c u l a t i o no fo i la n dt op r o v i d eag r e a t e r s u r f a c ea r e af o rc o n t a c tw i t ht h ec o o l i n ga i r .
T e s t i n g h ) W eh a v es t a t eo ft h ea r tt e s t i n gf a c i l i t i e si n c l u d i n ga f u l l ye q u i p p e dt e s t i n gr o o mf o rc a r r y i n go u to fa l l r o u t i n et e s t ss u c ha st e m p e r a t u r er i s et e s t, z e r op h a s e s e q u e n c et e s te t c .e v e r yt r a n s f o r m e ri st e s t e df o r r o u t i n et e s t ss p e c i f i e di ns t a n d a r ds p e c i f i c a t i o no nt h e c o m p l e t i o nw h i c hat e s tc e r t i f i c a t et ot h i se f f e c ti s i s s u e dA l lt r a n s f o r m e r sa r et e s t e di no u rs o p h i s t i c a t e d l a b o r a t o r yf o rt h ef o l l o w i n gr o u t i n et e s t sc o n f o r m i n gt o N a t i o n a la n dI n t e r n a t i o n a lS p e c i f i c a t i o n so nt h e c o m p l e t i o no fw h i c hat e s tc e r t i f i c a t et ot h i se f f e c ti s i s s u e d .V o l t a g eR a t i o ,W i n d i n gr e s i s t a n c e .I m p e d a n c e V o l t a g e ,N ol o a da n dL o a dL o s s e s ,N ol o a dC u r r e n t D i e l e c t r i ct e s t s . F a c t o r yP a s sC o l l e c t i o no fP a y m e n t A f t e rt h ea c c e p t a n c eo ft h eo r d e rf r o mt h ec u s t o m e r ,t h e c o m p a n ys t a r t st h ea s s e m b l i n go ft h et r a n s f o r m e r a c c o r d i n gt ot h et e c h n i c a ls p e c i f i c a t i o no ft h e c u s t o m e r s ;a f t e rt h ea s s e m b l i n ga n dt e s t i n gi sc o m p l e t e d t h ef i n a n c ed e p a r t m e n ti s s u e sa ni n v o i c ea n d p e r f o r m s 3 m a j o rf u n c t i o n s : 3 9 C GT r a n s f o r m e rd e s i g n sa r e p r o v e nf o rd e a ds h o r tc i r c u i t sb yt e s t sc o n d u c t e da tt h e i n d e p e n d e n t, a c c r e d i t e ds h o r tc i r c u i tl a b o r a t o r yo ft h e G o v e r n m e n to fI n d i a .
Finance I n v o i c eC o m m e r c i a lI n v o i c eC e n t r a lE x c i s eD u t yC u s t o m e r P a y m e n to fC e n t r a lE x c i s eD u t y :T h ef i n a n c ed e p a r t m e n t m a k e ss u r et h a tt h ec e n t r a le x c i s ed u t yo nt h ep r o d u c t s i sp a i dt o t h ec o m p e t e n ta u t h o r i t i e s , o n l yw h e nt h ed u t y f e e si sp a i dt h ep r o d u c ti sa l l o w e dt op a s sf r o mt h e f a c t o r yg a t e .C o m m e r c i a lI n v o i c e :T h ef i n a n c ed e p a r t m e n t a l s oi s s u e saC o m m e r c i a lI n v o i c eac o p yo fi ts e n tt o t h eb r a n c ho f f i c ea n dt h eo t h e rc o p yi ss e n tt ot h e c u s t o m e r .T h ep a y m e n tf r o mt h ec u s t o m e ri sr e c e i v e d o nt h eb a s i so ft h et e r m so fp a y m e n ta n do t h e rd e t a i l s m e n t i o n e di nt h ei n v o i c e .