Training Report on Alcoholic beverage

Sqknfnf` Qixdq Df _xionkbb~ _xqn gkci Ai|iqk`is

 Cnsnbbiq~: ' Qkjk'Mk'_keksxyq" ' Qkjk'Mk'_keksxyq" %Anbkqn. Cns& Gdqkckakc %Y&X&.1813;9 %Y&X&.1813;9

@yncic A~:'  Gq& Xqk|iif Mygkq Akns %EDC' C& G Xbkf" Q,C  Gq& Gymise M& \kqsefi~ %EDC' Adbnf` kfc Xkomk`nf`.

_yagnic A~:' Gdec& Mkliib Mekf Gdec& Ekskf Mekf  e A& Sioe& 9 _igisiq }Lddc Sioefdbd`~w  Qdbb Fd:'8>1?08?< , 8?9

;

ODFSIFS_ 

Xqilkoi



Komfdpbic`igif



Ciobkqkndf



Pek ns Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is

Dq`kfnzkndf Xqdlnbi 

Nfqdcyondf



Xbkf dl Fnodb„s Edysi



Xqdcyo dl Fnodb„s Edysi

Sioefnokb _issndf %Cnsnbbiq~.  Xqdcyondf: k&  Gdbkssis a& ^iks Kfc ^iks Oybyqi o& Liqgifkndf  Cnsnbbkndf  IFK Xbkf [ykbn~ Odfqdb  Pkqi Edysi  Bn{ydq _iondf  C& G& Xbkf  Xkomk`nf` Dl Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is



 N&

 NN&  NNN&  N\& \& \N& \NN& \NNN&

Ynbnnis Odfobysndf Anabnd`qkxe~

1

ODFSIFS_ 

Xqilkoi



Komfdpbic`igif



Ciobkqkndf



Pek ns Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is

Dq`kfnzkndf Xqdlnbi 

Nfqdcyondf



Xbkf dl Fnodb„s Edysi



Xqdcyo dl Fnodb„s Edysi

Sioefnokb _issndf %Cnsnbbiq~.  Xqdcyondf: k&  Gdbkssis a& ^iks Kfc ^iks Oybyqi o& Liqgifkndf  Cnsnbbkndf  IFK Xbkf [ykbn~ Odfqdb  Pkqi Edysi  Bn{ydq _iondf  C& G& Xbkf  Xkomk`nf` Dl Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is



 N&

 NN&  NNN&  N\& \& \N& \NN& \NNN&

Ynbnnis Odfobysndf Anabnd`qkxe~

1

 XQILKOI _yggiq qknfnf` ns dfi dl gds ngxdqkf xkqs dl ei oyqqnoybyg ldq  If`nfiiqnf` , Sioefdbd`~ sycnis& Ns aksno ncik ns

sqif`e ei sycif―s odfoix eqdy`e xqkonokb qknfnf` kfc gkmi einq k{yknfic pne qioif ci|ibdxgif ks xkq dl  A& Sioe Odyqsi& Sens qixdq ns aksic yxdf g~ pdqm iuxiqnifoic nf

‒ Fkndfkb Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bc&  Cnsnbbiq~: ' Qkjk'Mk'  _keksxyq" %Anbkqn. Cns& Gdqkckakc %Y&X&. 1813;9‗  peiqi N s

e

yfciqpif 3 piims qknfnf` lqdg ; Jyb~ 18;; d ?8 Jyb~ 18;;& Pi

piqi cdnf` pdqm k ’ Xqdcyondf" Cnsnbbkndf" [ykbn~ Odfqdb"

 Bn{ydq _iondf" C& G& Xbkf , Xkomk`nf` dl Kbodedbno  Ai|iqk`is‗& Cisxni kbb ei bngnkndfs kfc daskobis" N ek|i xy g~ illdqs kfc ekqc pdqm d gkmi ei dajion|i koodgxbnseic nf snxybkic ngi& ngi& N ek|i odgi odgi koqdss cnllnoybnis cnllnoybnis d gkmi gkmi ens xqdjio k qikbn~" ay pne ei iuqigi syxxdq dl g~ `ynci" N ek|i odgxbiic n syooisslybb~& Pi gkci Ciix syc~ dl n kfc illdq eks aiif gkci d gkmi ei ais qixdq k byonc" sngxbi kyeifno kfc qioif koodyf dl ikoe kfc i|iq~ dxno& Penbi cdnf` ens xqdjio N qikbnzic ek ei enf`s bikqfic lqdg ei addms kqi {yni cnlliqif lqdg ei koykb xqkonoi& Sei si{yifoi dl oekxiqs piqi sibioic" miixnf` nf |nip dl  ei qknfnf` soeicybi gkci a~ ei Sqknfnf` kfc Ci|ibdxgif Cixkqgif kfc kbsd miix nf |nip dl xqdoiss & ?

 KOMFDPBIC@IGIFS  N kg |iq~ `qkilyb d g~ qisxioic Xqdl& Ceiiq _nf`e"  Cikf  If`nfiiqnf` , Sioefdbd`~ kfc Gnss Fiek Oedycekq~"  Cixkqgif dl   Lddc Sioefdbd`~" ped `n|i gi |kbykabi `ynckfoi& Fd xqdjio okf ai cdfi nf |koyyg& Sei koodgxbnsegif dl ens xqdjio pdybc ek|i fd aiif xdssnabi nfcn|ncykbb~ pnedy ei ifodyqk`igif" kssnskfoi kfc |kbykabi syxxdq lqdg |kqndys sdyqois Seys g~ pedbieikqic ekfms d kbgn`e~& N iuxqiss g~ ciix sifsi dl `qknyci kfc nfciafiss d Gq& \& M& Jekf`" Pdqm Gkfk`iq , Gq& \njk~ Ekqn" Gkfk`iq Kcgnfnsqkndf , Bi`kb ped qysic gi kfc `k|i gi ei dxxdqyfn~ d pdqm ks k syggiq qknfii nf Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bc& kfc oddqcnfkic g~ qknfnf` soeicybi sd illnonifb~& G~ sxionkb ekfms d Gq& Gymise M& \kqsefi~ %EDC: ' Adbnf` , Xkomk`nf`." Gq& Xqk|iif Mygkq Akns %EDC: ' Q,C" C& G& Xbkf." Gq& Qkek Kbn %Xqdcyondf , Cnsnbbkndf." Dg Xqkmekse Xkfci~ %Abkfcnf` , Pkqiedysnf`.& Sei~ xqd|ncic ei iksnis xdssnabi sdbyndfs d g~ xqdabigs" penoe piqi eibxlyb nf ei ci|ibdxgif dl ei xqdjio& N kg kbsd ekfmlyb d ei pedbi skll dl  Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bc&  Cnsnbbiq~: ' Qkjk'Mk'_keksxyq" %Anbkqn. Cns&  Gdqkckakc& Ped eibxic gi nf i|iq~ xdssnabi pk~ eqdy`edy ei syggiq qknfnf`4 Nf sxni dl einq ays~ soeicybi `k|i gi nggifsi eibx kfc `ynckfoi& ’N dpi k ciix sifsi dl `qknyci d kbb ei qisxdfcifs ped `k|i gi |kbykabi nfldqgkndf ldq ei xqdjio&“ Bks ay fd ei biks N ekfmlyb d g~ xkqifs ldq syxxdqnf` gi ade gdqkbb~ kfc lnfkfonkbb~ nf koodgxbnsenf` ens xqdjio kfc lqnifcs ldq aikqnf` pne cyqnf` ei syggiq qknfnf`& 3

 CIOBKQKSNDF  N cd eiqia~ ciobkqi ek ei Xqdjio qixdq ifnbic

’ Xqdcyondf" Cnsnbbkndf" [ykbn~ Odfqdb" Bn{ydq _iondf"  C& G& Xbkf , Xkomk`nf` dl Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is‗  _yagnic dpkqc Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic nf Xkqnkb lyblnbbgif ldq ei kpkqc dl ei ci`qii dl  Akoeibdq dl  Sioefdbd`~ %A& Sioe.& Xqd`qkggic Sioefdbd`~"

dlliqic

Nfsnyi

dl

a~  Cixkqgif If`nfiiqnf`

,

dl

Lddc 

Sioefdbd`~

 Ay f c ib   m e k f c  Y   fn|i q sn   k f xy q  Q  e k f sn "      ~  ~ "  M  M  Q d k c   J  J   " Y    k  k q  X q k c i s e " N   f c n k N   k & Sens qixdq eks fd aiif syagnic d kf~ deiq nfsnyi dq yfn|iqsn~ ldq lyblnbgif dl kf~ deiq odyqsi dl  syc~ dq kf~ deiq xyqxdsi& Sens xqdjio ns g~ dqn`nfkb pdqm  pne g~ qknfnf` gki& Sei ckk ns odbbioic lqdg Nfiqfi" Addms" Cnsnbbiq~ sklls kfc g~ xiqsdfkb iuxiqnifoi k  Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic & Gdec& Mkliib Mekf  Gdec& Ekskf Mekf 

9

PEKS N_ KBODEDBNO AI\IQK@I_ Kf kbodedbno ai|iqk`i ns k cqnfm  odfknfnf` iekfdb" odggdfb~ mfdpf ks kbodedb& Kbodedbno ai|iqk`is kqi cn|ncic nfd eqii `ifiqkb obkssis: Aiiqs" Pnfis" kfc _xnqns& Kbodedbno ai|iqk`is ek ek|i  Bdpiq Kbodedb odfif %aiiq kfc pnfi. kqi xqdcyoic a~ liqgifkndf dl sy`kq dq skqoeodfknfnf` xbkf gkiqnkb& Ai|iqk`is dl   En`eiq Kbodedb  odfif %sxnqns. kqi xqdcyoic a~ liqgifkndf ldbbdpic a~ cnsnbbkndf& Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is

Liqgific

Cnsnbbic _xqns

Aiiq

Pnfis Qyg

Aqkfc~ Pensm~ @nf

\dcmk

Aiiq

Aiiq ns ei pdqbc's dbcis kfc gds pncib~ odfsygic kbodedbno ai|iqk`i kfc ei enqc gds xdxybkq cqnfm d|iqkbb kliq pkiq kfc ik& N ns xqdcyoic a~ ei aqipnf` kfc liqgifkndf dl skqoeis penoe kqi gknfb~ ciqn|ic lqdg oiqikb `qknfs gds odggdfb~ gkbic akqbi~ kbedy`e peik" gknzi %odqf." kfc qnoi kqi kbsd ysic& Kbodedbno ai|iqk`is penoe kqi cnsnbbic kliq liqgifkndf" liqgific lqdg fdf oiqikb sdyqois syoe ks `qkxis dq edfi~" dq liqgific lqdg yfgkbic oiqikb `qknf" kqi fd obkssnlnic ks aiiq& Sei pd gknf ~xis dl aiiq kqi bk`iq kfc kbi& Kbi ns lyqeiq obkssnlnic nfd |kqninis syoe ks xkbi kbi" sdy" kfc aqdpf kbi& Gds <

aiiq ns lbk|dqic pne edxs" penoe kcc aniqfiss kfc ko ks k fkyqkb xqisiq|kn|i& Deiq lbk|dqnf`s" syoe ks lqyns dq eiqas" gk~ kbsd ai ysic& Sei kbodedbno sqif`e dl aiiq ns ysykbb~ 3) d <) kbodedb a~ |dbygi %KA\." ay n gk~ ai biss ekf ;) dq gdqi ekf 18)" kfc k biks ks en`e ks 99)& Aiiq ns xkq dl ei cqnfmnf` oybyqi dl |kqndys fkndfs kfc eks ko{ynqic sdonkb qkcnndfs syoe ks aiiq lisn|kbs" okfys" xya oybyqi" xya `kgis" kfc xya oqkpbnf`& Sei aksnos dl aqipnf` aiiq kqi sekqic koqdss fkndfkb kfc oybyqkb adyfckqnis& Sei aiiqaqipnf` nfcysq~ ns `bdakb nf sodxi" odfsnsnf` dl si|iqkb cdgnfkf gybnfkndfkb odgxkfnis kfc edyskfcs dl  sgkbbiq xqdcyoiqs" penoe qkf`i lqdg qi`ndfkb aqipiqnis d gnoqdaqipiqnis& Pnfi

Pnfi ns xqdcyoic lqdg `qkxis" kfc lqyn pnfi ns xqdcyoic lqdg lqyns syoe ks xbygs" oeiqqnis" dq kxxbis& Pnfi nf|db|is k bdf`iq %odgxbii. liqgifkndf xqdoiss kfc k bdf` k`nf` xqdoiss %gdfes dq ~ikqs. ek qisybs nf kf kbodedb odfif dl >) ‟ ;<) KA\& _xkqmbnf` pnfi okf ai gkci a~ kccnf` k sgkbb kgdyf dl sy`kq aildqi adbnf`" penoe okysis k siodfckq~ liqgifkndf d dooyq nf ei adbi& _xnqns

Yfspiiific" cnsnbbic" kbodedbno ai|iqk`is ek ek|i kf kbodedb odfif dl k biks 18) KA\ kqi okbbic sxnqns& _xnqns kqi xqdcyoic a~ ei cnsnbbkndf dl k liqgific aksi xqdcyo& Cnsnbbnf` odfoifqkis ei kbodedb kfc ibngnfkis sdgi dl ei odf`ifiqs& _xnqns okf ai kccic d pnfis d oqiki  ldqnlnic pnfis" syoe ks xdq kfc _eiqq~&

0

 Cnsnbbiq~: ' Qkjk'Mk'_keksxyq" %Anbkqn. Cns&  Gdqkckakc %Y&X&.1813;9

5

 NFSQDCYOSNDF   Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic  pks iskabnseic nf ;>3? a~ _ie Lkgnb~ eikcic a~  Qkn Akekcyq _ie Kjycenk Xqkskc"  Qkn Akekcyq _ie Qkg Qkkf kfc _ie Qkg jn Ckss ek|nf` <88 sekqi edbciqs nf Nfcnk kfc kaqdkc& N pks kon|ib~ if`k`ic nf ei gkfylkoyqi kfc qkcnf` _y`kq" kbodedb" iunbi" icnabi dnb ks pibb ks odfsqyondf kfc akfmnf`& Sei Odgxkf~ ns xqisifb~ eikcic a~ Gq& _&X& _ie kfc ens sdf  Gq& Qkmise _ie ped pne einq |nsndf kfc c~fkgnsg" ek|i kmif ei odgxkf~ d k odfnfynf` `qdpe xke pne ei odgxkf~ koeni|nf` k yqfd|iq dl dfi eyfcqic ldq~ si|if oqdqis cyqnf` ei ~ikq 1889& I|if dck~" n ns k lkgnb~ dpfic ifiqxqnsi qyf a~ ei enqc `ifiqkndf& Gkfk`igif dl ck~ d ck~ kllknqs ns okqqnic dy a~ k ikg dl en`eb~ icyokic kfc iuxiqnifoic xqdlissndfkbs nf i|iq~ cixkqgif dl ei Dq`kfnskndf& Sei lyfondfnf` dl ens odqxdqkndf ns eqdy`e ns cnsnbbiq~ bdokic nf Qkjk Mk _keksxyq %Anbkqn. Gdqkckakc Y&X& kfc adbnf` yfns nf ei |kqndys xkqs dl ei Odyfq~& Sei Cnsnbbiq~ pks nfnnkbb~ ldqgic pne ei dajion|i dl  syxxb~nf` xdpiq kbodedb ldq ei |ienobis nf Pdqbc Pkq NN& Seiqikliq" n syxxbnic Nfcysqnkb kbodedb d |kqndys oeignokbs kfc kbodedb aksic yfns& Bkiq" nf ei 98's , <8's ei cigkfc ldq xdkabi bn{ydq skqic qnsnf`& Sei Cnsnbbiq~ pif nf ldq k gkssn|i gdciqfnzkndf , iuxkfsndf xqd`qkggi nfobycnf` xqdcyondf qilnfic fiyqkb Kbodedb" gkyqkndf lkonbnnis" en`e sxiic kydgkno adbnf` bnfis kfc okxn|i xdpiq `ifiqkndf xbkffic , iuioyic a~ ldqin`f odfsybkfs aksic df Nfiqfkndfkb Sioefdbd`nis&

>

Kliq fikqb~ <8 ~ikqs dl syooisslyb pdqmnf`" n ns dck~ dfi dl  ei bkq`is kbodedb xqdcyonf` Cnsnbbiqnis nf Nfcnk& Sei Odgxkf~ eks k pdqmldqoi dl 988 igxbd~iis" nfobycnf` ;98 igxbd~iis nf ei lnibc ldq ei gkqminf` dl ei xqdcyos& Aksic df ei iuxiqnifoi dl fikqb~ snu ciokcis nf ei kbodedb nfcysq~" ei Odgxkf~ eks odbbkadqkic pne gkf~ deiq Cnsnbbiqnis kfc Adbnf` Yfns" dlliqnf` eig ei ioefnokb mfdpedp , gkfk`igif iuxiqnsi ldq adbnf` dl odgxkf~ xqdcyos eqdy`edy ei odyfq~& Sei gkfylkoyqnf` %Adbnf`. Yfns kqi bdokic k Anbkqn %YX." Ciqkakssn %Xyfjka." Jknxyq %Qkjksekf." Jkggy %J,M." Gkxysk %@dk." Kskfsdb %Pis Aif`kb. kfc ei Odgxkf~ eks eibbi yxs ldq adbnf` nf ei _kis dl Gkekqkseqk" Mkqfkkmk" Kfceqk Xqkcise" Engkoekb Xqkcise" Ksskg" Ykqkfoekb , Kqyfkoekb Xqkcise& Sei pedbiskbi' cixds dl ei Odgxkf~ kqi bdokic k Ciben , Cieqkcyf kfc aqkfoe dllnoi k Gygakn& Sei Odgxkf~ ns dfi dl ei bkq`is syxxbniqs d Okfiif _dqis Cixkqgif %O_C. , Xkqk Gnbnkq~ Ldqois& Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqx& Bc& ns cicnokic iuobysn|ib~ ldq xqdgdnf` Nfcnkf xqdcyos nf ldqin`f gkqmis& N ns dck~ dfi dl ei bikcnf` iuxdqiqs dl Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is d @ybl , Gnccbi Iks odyfqnis" Klqnok io& Sei odgxkf~ eks ioefnokb odbbkadqkndf pne  Nkf Gkobidc" Icnfayq`e" _odbkfc ldq adbnf` dl _odoe , Kcgnuis nf Nfcnk" Ks pibb ks cnsnbbiqni cis odqciniqs Lqkfoi ldq aqkfc~& Kbb ei gkfylkoyqnf` yfns kqi gkfk`ic lqdg ei odqxdqki dllnoi a~ k ikg dl xqdlissndfkbs aksic k ei eikc{ykqiqs k Fip Ciben& Sei odgxkf~ ns odggnic d ei xqnfonxbi dl en`e aysnfiss ienos kfc `bdakb {ykbn~ skfckqcs& Nf sxni dl ei yfoiqknfnis lkoic cyi d ei fkyqi dl nfcysq~" ei odgxkf~ eks pnesddc ei oekbbif`is cyi d ei iuxiqnifoi dl xqdgdiqs nf ei nfcysq~ kfc nfeiqif sqif`e xdssissic a~ ei odgxkf~&

;8

Ldyfciq dl Fnodb„s Edysi  QKN AKEKCYQ _ISE KJYCENK XQK_KC  QKN AKEKCYQ _ISE QKG QKSSKF 

_ISE QKG JN CK__  s

 e

%?; Gk~ ;>8< ' ;; Gkqoe ;>53.

 Adkqc Dl Cnqiodqs Gkfylkoyqnf` Yfns  Gq& _&X& _ISE  Oeknqgkf  Gq& QKMI_E _ISE  Gkfk`nf` Cnqiodq  Gq& _&A& _IF @YXSK @ifiqkb Gkfk`iq  Gq& M&X& QKGKF  Iuioyn|i Cnqiodq Gigaiqs  Gq& M&M& \NJ   Gq& FKFKM _NF@E   Gq& \NFK^ AKSQK ;;

Odgxkf~ Cixds Qi`nsiqic , Odqxdqki Dllnoi K108" Cilifoi Odbdf~" Fip Ciben;;8813 Xedfi: 9;991999 Lku: 9;991991 Akfmiqs _ki Akfm dl Nfcnk _ki Akfm dl Xknkbk _kydq~ Kycndqs G$_& J&F& _ekqgk , Od& Oekqiqic Koodyfkfs Ciben Ciben Pedbiskbi Cixd: L>8$??" Aksigif Dmebk Nfcysqnkb Kqik" Xeksi;" Fip Ciben Ykqkfoekb Cixd: Kjkaxyq Ckfck" X&D& Fieqy @qkg" Fikq Qnsexkfk Xyb" Cieqkcyf Xe&:8;?91<<<5;3

 Aqkfoe Dllnois Adgak~ Dllnoi Dllnoi Fd& 18?K" Xnokssd Aysnfiss Oifqi" 181$1;1" Oeyqoe @ki" Oekgaiq9" Fip Gkqnfi Bnfis" Gygakn  388 818 Xedfi: 81111<>3;?9 %C." 11<139<8 Iuf& 18? Lku: 1150;;<< Gdqkckakc Dllnoi Xqnfoi Qdkc" Fikq Oekcek Odgxbiu" Gdqkckakc %Y&X&.

;1

 Xbkf dl Fnodb„s Edysi CN_SNBBIQ^ YFNS:

QkjkMk_keksxyq" Cns& Gdqkckakc %YX&. Xedfi: 89>1;108>;3" 108099 Lku: 89>;108931 @qkg: !CN_SNBBIQ^! QkjkMk_keksxyq ADSSBNF@ YFNS ;:

L;30;35" Yc~d` \nekq" Jknxyqk Cns& Jknxyq %Qkjksekf. Xe&: %8;31?.11390; Lku: %8;31?.11390; ADSSBNF@ YFNS 1:

Kgakbk Oekfcn`kqe Qdkc" \nbbk`i Qdfn" Ciqkakssn %Xyfjka. Xe&: %8;0<1.15;3;;" 15;3;1 Lku: %8;0<1.15;3;1 ADSSBNF@ YFNS ?:

C138" Sn|ng Nfcysqnkb Iski" Mkqkspkck" Gkxysk" @dk 38?91< Xedfi: %85?1.1190851 Lku :% 85?1.1190851 ADSSBNF@ YFNS 3:

_NCOD Nfcysqnkb Odgxbiu" Xeksib" Akqn Aqkegk Nfcysqnkb Iski" Jkggy %J,M. Xe& :% 8;>1?.11;;>9 Lku :% 8;>1?.111?38 ADSSBNF@ YFNS 9:

KCCK" Nfcysqnkb Iski" X&D& Mkf~kxyq" Kskfsdb" Cns& Ayqcpkf %P&A&. Xe& :% 8?3;.119>950 Lku: %8?3;.119>95>

;?

 Xqdcyo dl Fnodb„s Edysi

;3

;9

;<

;0

;5

 Cnsnbbiq~: ' Qkjk'Mk'_keksxyq

;>

 XQDCYOSNDF   Gdbkssis Gdbkssis ns k |nsodys a~xqdcyo dl ei xqdoissnf` dl sy`kq okfi" `qkxis dq sy`kq aiis nfd sy`kq& Sei pdqc gdbkssis odgis lqdg ei Xdqy`yisi pdqc gibkàd" penoe ybngkib~ odgis lqdg  Gib" ei Bknf pdqc ldq !edfi~!& Sei {ykbn~ dl gdbkssis cixifcs df ei gkyqn~ dl ei sy`kq okfi dq sy`kq aii" ei kgdyf dl sy`kq iuqkoic" kfc ei giedc dl  iuqkondf& _pii sdq`eyg s~qyx ns mfdpf nf sdgi xkqs dl ei Yfnic _kis ks gdbkssis" edy`e n ns fd qyi gdbkssis&

Sei ensdq~ dl ei Pdqc ‐gdbkssis― %‐Gibkssi― nf @iqgkf kfc Cyoe. ns fd gifndfic nf I~gdbd`nokb cnondfkqnis snfoi n ns {yni cilnfnib~ kfc obikqb~ ciqn|ic lqdg ei Qdgkfno bkf`yk`is& N dooyqs nf ei skgi pdqc lqdg kfc pne ei skgi gikfnf` nf Lqifoe" bk gîbkssi" n&i& s~qyx dq sy`kq edfi~ kfc n eks ns odyfiqxkqs nf deiq Qdgkfno bkf`yk`is" gibkssk %Nkbnkf." gibkzk %_xkfnse.*" gibkàd %Xdqy`yisi." `dnf` akom d ei lignfnfi ldqg dl ei Bknf kcjion|i gibbkoiys" k" yg" n&i& edfi~bnmi" kfc ybngkib~" d gib %Bknf." edfi~& Koodqcnf`b~" n dqn`nfkbb~ pks ysic nf ei odfiu %syaskfnk. gibbkoik" n&i& edfi~bnmi syaskfoi& Sei oekf`i nf gikfnf` kxxikqs nf ei _xkfnse syllnu kzk" penoe iuxqissis k odkqsifnf`" peiqia~ kifndf ns cnqioic d ei oekqkoiq dl ei syaskfoi ks k odkqsi" enom oqyci edfi~& Kf~ kigx" eiqildqi" d ciqn|i ei pdqc lqdg ei @qiim βινλϏ %gibks." abkom" ns gnscnqioic& Sei iqg ‐gdbkssis― ns kxxbnic d ei lnfkb illbyif daknfic nf ei xqixkqkndf dl sy`kq a~ qixikic oq~skbbnzkndf& Sei kgdyf dl gdbkssis daknfic kfc ns {ykbn~ %odgxdsnndf. xqd|nci nfldqgkndf kady ei fkyqi dl ei aiis %bdokb odfcnndfs dl `qdpe kfc illios dl ei pikeiq. kfc ei xqdoissnf` nf ei sy`kq lkodq~" syoe ks ei illnonifo~ dl ei jynoi obkqnlnokndf" ei giedc dl oq~skbbnzkndf cyqnf` adnbnf`" kfc ei sixkqkndf dl ei sy`kq oq~skbs lqdg ei bdp`qkci gkssioyni&

18

Sei cknb~ sdqk`i bdss nf Pisiqf Iyqdxi ns isngkic k 8&8<1) sy`kq df sdqic aiis dq 8&;) sy`kq cioqiksi nf ei peni sy`kq ~nibc" qisybnf` nf ei cnlliqifois sedpf nf Skabi ; ldq ikoe ;) sy`kq cioqiksi nf sdqic aiis& Nl ei odfoix gdbkssis ns d ai sqnob~ cilnfic n ns fioisskq~ d cnsnf`ynse aipiif eidqinokb kfc xqkonokb gdbkssis& Sei eidqinokbb~  lnfkb gdbkssis ns k gnuyqi dl sy`kq" fdf sy`kqs kfc pkiq" lqdg penoe fd skooekqdsi oq~skbbnzis yfciq kf~ odfoin|kabi xe~snokb kfc ioefnokbb~ dxngyg odfcnndfs" pne fd qi`kqc d ngi& Nl qibkn|ib~ gdqi lk|dyqkabi odfcnndfs ldq oq~skbbnzkndf kqi gknfknfic %bdp pkiq odfif" bdp igxiqkyqi" bdf` oq~skbbnzkndf ngi" kfc enf bk~iqs dl ei s~qyx lnbg. ei oq~skbbnzkndf gn`e ai sd iuifcic ek pne nfifsn|i oifqnly`kndf dl ei gdbkssis k {ydnif % [. dl 3> pdybc ai kknfkabi& [ qixqisifs ei xiqoifk`i dl sy`kq nf ei dkb sdbnc odfif dl ei gdbkssis& Sei bdpiq ei xyqn~ dq xyqn~ odillnonif" ei gdqi obdsib~ s~qyx kxxqdkoeis eidqinokb gdbkssis& Yfysykb sxiongifs dl gdbkssis" xqdcyoic nf iuxiqngifkb sycnis" ek|i {ydnifs lqdg 39 d 98& Sei  xqkonokbb~ daknfkabi gdbkssis ns ei ifc s~qyx lqdg penoe" pne gknfifkfoi dl ei ioefnokb odfcnndfs xqdgdnf` oq~skbbnzkndf" fd sn`fnlnokf kccnndfkb kgdyfs dl skooekqdsi okf ai qiod|iqic a~ lyqeiq odfoifqkndf& Nf ens sifsi gdbkssis pne xyqn~ {ydnifs kad|i <3 kqi fd bdf`iq qyi gdbkssis ei~ kqi oq~skbbnskabi s~qyxs& Odggiqonkb gdbkssis dqcnfkqnb~ ek|i k {ydnif kqdyfc <8" n&i& kxxqdungkib~ 35 ) sy`kq ns xqisif nf gdbkssis pedsi sdbncs odfif ns 58)& %[ cifdis xyqn~ {ydnif dl gdbkssis= _ ns sy`kq odfif= S  qixqisifs cq~ syaskfoi&.

Illdqs d yfciqskfc kfc gksiq ei odfcnndfs bikcnf` d iuekysic gdbkssis kqi ks dbc ks ei sy`kq nfcysq~ nsibl& _nfoi ei ldqgkndf dl gdbkssis kfc ei xqdabigs dl oq~skbbnzkndf dl sy`kq kqi obdsib~ qibkic" k obikq yfciqskfcnf` dl ei nflbyifois dl ei fdf sy`kq syaskfois df ei oq~skbbnzkndf dl ei skooekqdsi lqdg k{yidys sdbyndfs sngxbnlnis ei syc~ dl ei ldqgkndf dl gdbkssis& Sei gkf~ sycnis kbdf` eisi bnfis okf ai cn|ncic lyfckgifkbb~ nfd pd oki`dqnis& 1;

%n. Gioekfnokb eidq~ dl gdbkssis ldqgkndf Sens dbc eidq~ ns aksic df ei cioqiksi nf ei qki dl  oq~skbbnzkndf penoe cixifcs df ei sxiic pne penoe ei cnssdb|ic sy`kq gdbioybis kqi qkfsxdqic dy dl ei bn{ync df d ei oq~skb syqlkoi ks pibb ks df ei qki k penoe ei~ kqi aynb nfd ei oq~skb bknoi& %nn. Oeignokb eidq~ dl gdbkssis ldqgkndf Sens eidq~ ns aksic df ei gyykb sdbyanbn~ nflbyifois nf ei s~sig: pkiq sy`kq" skbs dq fdf sy`kq odgxdfifs& Nf gkf~ sycnis dl ei nflbyifoi dl ei fdf sy`kq odgxdfifs df ei sdbyanbn~ dl syoqdsi" xyqi syaskfois dq gnuyqis dl xyqi syaskfois ek|i aiif igxbd~ic" ay ei~ cnc fd kbpk~s odqqisxdfc d ei odgxbnokic qibkndfsenxs xqi|knbnf` nf gdbkssis& Sei ysi dl ndf iuoekf`iqs gkci n xdssnabi d skq eisi nf|isn`kndfs cnqiob~ df gdbkssis& N eks aiif ldyfc ek fnqd`ifdys gkiqnkbs ek|i xqkonokbb~ fd illio pne qisxio d ei syoqdsi sdbyanbn~= xdkssnyg kfc sdcnyg ek|i odfsnciqkab~ sqdf`iq gdbkssisxqdcyonf` xqdxiqnis ekf okbonyg kfc bnenyg& Aiokysi dl ei iodfdgno sn`fnlnokfoi dl ei odgxdsnndf dl lnfkb gdbkssis eiqi ns `qik xiqgkfif nfiqis nf ei sy`kq nfcysq~ nf ainf` kabi d okboybki aildqiekfc ei kgdyf dl gdbkssis ek gk~ ai iuxioic" n&i& k ei ngi dl cibn|iq~ kfc xqdoissnf` dl ei aiis& _yoe xqibngnfkq~ giedcs dl isngkndf kqi aksic df |kbyis ciqn|ic lqdg iuxiqnifoi syoe ks: K& Sei ‐kse lkodq―" n&i& ei gdbkssis ysykbb~ eks k pin`e qknd kse: sy`kq dl ;:9& A& Sei ‐ekqglyb― aii fnqd`if= n ns kssygic ek nf ei gdbkssis eiqi ns k odfskf qknd ;: 19 aipiif fnqd`if kfc sy`kq& O& Cnk`qkgs dq ldqgybki penoe" pne ei nfobysndf dl k lip syxxbigifkq~ kfkb~nokb ckk" `n|i ei kgdyf dl ei gdbkssis dl 

11

ei aii lqdg ei xdbkqnzkndf dl ei aiis kfc ei xyqn~ dl ei enom   jynoi %i|kxdqkdq s~qyx.& C& Fygiqnokb qibkndfsenxs aipiif ei sy`kq odfif dl ei aii kfc ei kbmkbns nf ei cnllysndf jynoi& I& Sei ‐iuekysnanbn~ {ydnif―" penoe ns k fygiqnokb |kbyi dl ei gdbkssis kfc penoe okf ai ysic nf ei odfqdb dl ei oq~skbbnzkndf dxiqkndf& Sei bniqkyqi cikbnf` pne gdbkssis ns sokiqic kgdf` fygiqdys xyabnokndfs kfc qixdqs df xkqs dl ens dxno nf `ifiqkb kfc sxionkb xqdabigs" kfc ns lqi{yifb~ fd iksnb~ kooissnabi& ’Gdbkssis ns k enom `ibknfi qisncyi nf sy`kq xqdoissnf` penoe okffd ai lyqeiq iodfdgnokbb~ oq~skbbnzic& N odfsnss dl sdbncs" syoqdsi kfc qicyonf` sy`kqs& Ks xiq ei kgdyf dl qicyonf` sy`kqs xqisif gdbkssis ns `qkcic ks N" NN" NNN kfc aibdp @qkci& Gdbkssis ek|nf` qicyonf` sy`kq kad|i 98) kqi kmif ks N `qkci" kfc aibdp 38) kqi aibdp `qkci& Sei odggiqonkb |kbyi dl gdbkssis ns isic ldq ei Aqnu %Sdkb Cnssdb|ic sdbnc. kfc SQ_ %Sdkb qicyonf` sy`kqs. penoe qixqisif ns {ykbn~ kfc `qkcis ldq skbi& Gdbkssis kqi liqgific nf cnsnbbiqnis d xqdcyoi kbodedb odggiqonkbb~& Nfcnk eks aiif xqdcyonf` kady ;&0 anbbndf bnqis dl bn{ydq ynbnznf` 0958) gdbkssis xqdcyoic nf ei odyfq~& Sedy`e ei lqii xqdcyondf dl bn{ydq ysnf` gdbkssis ns qisqnoic ldq sdonkb qiksdfs" ns kxxbnokndf nf ei xqixkqkndf dl kbodedb aksic oeignokbs ns kbsd iodfdgnokbb~ |nkabi& Nfcnk eks ei bkq`is oeignokb nfcysq~ nf ei pdqbc ysnf` sy`kq okfi gdbkssis d xqdcyoi Ie~b Kbodedb" Koikbcie~ci" Koino Konc Xdb~ \nf~b Oebdqnci %X\O. kfc Gdfd Ie~bifi @b~odb %GI@. ns ainf` xqdcyoic a~ gdbkssis dfb~&“

1?

Odgxdsnndf dl Okfi Gdbkssis Gdbkssis ns fd jys dfi oeignokb odgxdyfc" ay gkf~& Sei gknf odfif ns sy`kq %syoqdsi. %O ;1E11D;;.& Sei qis ns odgxbiu kfc pnbb |kq~ cixifcnf` nl ei gdbkssis ns lqdg sy`kq aiis" okfi sy`kq %ei pd gds odggdf sdyqois." dq deiq& Sei dkb sy`kq odfif nf gdbkssis ns kxxqdungkib~ 98 )& Gnfdq okqade~cqkis kqi `byodsi" lqyodsi" qkllnfdsi kfc sdgi deiq dbn`d dq xdb~skooekqncis& Seinq odfoifqkndf ns aibdp ; ) kfc cixifcs d k sn`fnlnokf iuif df ei gkfylkoyqnf` xqdoiss& _dgi dl  ei gnfiqkbs ldyfc nf gdbkssis kqi xdkssnyg ldbbdpic a~ sdcnyg" okbonyg kfc gk`fisnyg& Seinq odfif cixifcs gknfb~ df sdnb ~xi kfc pkiq k|knbkanbn~& Kccnndfkbb~" ei okbonyg kfc sdcnyg odfif ns nflbyifoic a~ xqdoissnf` xqkonois& 1; Kady 18 ) dl ei dkb gkss odfsnss dl fdf syoqdsi dq`kfno gkiq" nf xkqnoybkq dl fdfxqdinf fnqd`if %FXF. odfknfnf` syaskfois" syoe ks aiknfi& Nf kccnndf gdbkssis odfknfs lqii kfc adyfc kgnfd koncs kfc xq~qqdbncdfi okqadu~bno konc %k odf|iqsndf xqdcyo dl `bykgnfi.& Nf ei gkfylkoyqnf` xqdoiss gds dl ei kgnfd koncs yfciq`d oekf`is sd ek biss ekf ei kgdyfs iuxioic lqdg aii qdds kqi ldyfc nf gdbkssis& Aiokysi gdbkssis ns ysic {yni k an nf kfngkb lddc" kfc k`qnoybyqi ns aiodgnf` gdqi kfc gdqi sonifnlno" ~dy okf lnfc {yni k lip kqnobis dfbnfi ek ek|i i|if gdqi ciknb kady ei oeignokb odgxdsnndf dl gdbkssis& _ii ei bnfms aibdp ldq k skq&

13

S~xnokb Odgxdsnndf dl Okfi Gdbkssis Aqnu" sxnfcbi

5<&8 ci`qiis

Znfo

Pin`e$`kbbdf

;;&5';1&8 bas

Odakb

fi`bn`nabi

Fnqd`if

;&8; )

Ndcnfi

fi`bn`nabi

Oqyci Xqdinf

<&?8 )

_ibifnyg

fi`bn`nabi

Sdkb _y`kqs

35&? )

Andnf

Cifsn~ %ks lic.

;;&5 bas$`kb

5 xxg

? xxg

Ldbno Konc

8&83 xxg <888 xxg

Cq~ Gkiq

0<&9 )

Nfdsndb

Gdnsyqi

1?&9 )

Okbonyg Xkfdeifki

<8 xxg

Kse

;<&8 )

X~qncdunfi

3 xxg

Dq`kfno Gkiq

<1&9 )

Qnadlbk|nf

1&9 xxg

Qicyonf` _yaskfois" ks Ciuqdsi

;;&9 )

Senkgnfi

;&5 xxg

Fnkonf

988 xxg

_yoqdsi

?9&> )

Oedbnfi

088 xxg

Lqyodsi

9&< )

@byodsi

1&< )

xE Okbonyg Xedsxedqys

3&> ' 9&3 8&5 ) fi`bn`nabi %fd ldq ysi.

Xdkssnyg

3&1 )

Oebdqnci

1&;)

Gk`fisnyg

8&10 )

_yblyq

8&05 )

_dcnyg

8&8> )

Odxxiq

;3 xxg

Nqdf

;?8 xxg

Gkf`kfisi

9 xxg

19

[ykbn~ dl gdbkssis [ykbn~ dl gdbkssis ns `ifiqkbb~ cixifcs yxdf ei Aqnu" dkb qicyonf` sy`kq ks nf|iq sy`kq xiqoif kfc kse xiqoifk`i& Aksic df ens xkqkgiiq N_N eks xqisoqnaic ei ldbbdpnf` eqii `qkcis dl  gdbkssis& Oekqkoiqnsnos ;& Cifsn~ nf Ci`qii Aqnu k 10º9‱ O

N_N qi{ynqigif s fc qc @qkci N NN NNN 59 58 58

1& Kse sybxeki a~ p& Okboybkic ldq ;888 Aqnu

;3)

;0&9)

;0&9)

?& Sdkb qicyonf` gkiq %ks nf|iq sy`kq a~ p&.

98)

33)

38)

_dqk`i dl gdbkssis Sei xqdcyondf dl okfi sy`kq nf dyq odyfq~ ns siksdfkb %3< gdfes.= eiqildqi n ns fioisskq~ d sdqk`i dl gdbkssis& Sei {ykfn~ dl gdbkssis ldq k biks ? gdfe ns fiicic ldq ei sdqk`i koodqcnf` d okxkon~ dl cnsnbbiq~" kfc ei {ykfn~ dl gdbkssis ldq cnsnbbiq~ xqdcyonf` <8 MB xiq ck~ Q& _ {ykfn~ dl 1;88 d 1188 {ynfkb dl  gdbkssis xiq ck~& Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bc& Cnsnbbiq~:  QkjkMk_keksxyq ns ek|nf` eiqi gdbkssis sdqk`i ns ks ldbbdps: Gkci dl Odfqkondf: _knfbiss _iib Ein`e dl Skfm: 19 l& Cnkgiiq dl Skfm: 18 l& Okxkon~ dl Skfm: ;09988 {ynfkb

1<

 Kfkb~nokb Pdqm Qibkic Sd Gdbkssis  Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf ei Sdkb _y`kq ks Nf|iq _y`kq nf Lnfkb  Gdbkssis&  Qik`ifs: %n. %nn. %nnn. %n|. %|. %|n. %|nn.

Fiyqkb Bikc Koiki ]%OE ?ODD.1XaW Cnsdcnyg Xedsxeki Kfc Xdkssnyg Dukbki _dbyndf Liebnf` sdbyndf ’K“ kfc ’A“ FkDE %3). Odfo& EOb Xeifdbxeekbinf Nfcnokdq Ie~bifi Abyi Nfcnokdq

 Xqdoicyqi: Pin`e ;1&9`g gdbkssis kfc xy nfd 198gb giksyqnf` lbksm pne ei kcc dl CG pkiq kfc 19gb yfcnbyic ;8) %OE?ODD.1Xa sdbyndf kqi kccic ldq obkqnlnokndf& Gkmi yx ei |dbygi d 198gb gkqm pne CG pkiq kfc lnbiq kliq eqdy`e gnunf`& Sqkfsliq 98gb dl ei obikq lnbqki d k 198gb giksyqnf` lbksm" kcc ;8gb dl cnsdcnyg xedsxeki" xdkssnyg dukbki sdbyndf gkmi yx ei |dbygi d 198gb gkqm pne CG pkiq" sekmi pibb kfc lnbiq& Skmi 98gb dl ei lnbqki nf k ;88gb giksyqnf` lbksm , kcc 9gb odfo& EOb kfc eik d <8ºO k pkiq ake ldq ;8 gnfyi& Oddb d qddg igxiqkyqi kfc fiyqkbnzi pne FkDE sdbyndf" ysnf` xeifdbxeekbinf ks nfcnokdq& Qnfsi kfc lnbb ei ayqii pne sdbyndf kfc nqki pne ;8gb dl Liebnf` sdbyndf %9gb Liebnf` ’K“ kfc 9gb Liebnf` ’A“. ysi ?3 cqdxs dl ie~bifi abyi ks nfcnokdq& Ifc xdnf ns ei oekf`i odbdyq lqdg |iq~ ciix abyi d dbn|i `qiif kfc lnfkbb~ d ei qic odbdyq dl ei oyxqdys dunci&

’Sei Liebnf` _dbyndf ysic eks d ai skfckqcnzic lnqsb~ pne k sdbyndf dl nf|iq sy`kq odfknfnf` 1`g dl nf|iq sy`kq xiq gb&“ 10

Okboybkndf: Liebnf` Lkodq 7 19&<$k" Peiqi k ns ayqii qikcnf` ;8gb dl Liebnf` sdbyndf 7 8&89;15`g dl Qicyonf` _y`kq Sdkb _y`kq ks Nf|iq _y`kq 7 8&89;15Ð;88  A& Q& Ð L& L& Ð C& L& Peiqi" A& Q&  Ayqii Qikcnf` L& L&  Liebnf` Lkodq C& L&  Cnbyndf Lkodq  Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf ei Qicyonf` _y`kq nf `n|if Gdbkssis skgxbi&  Qik`ifs: %n. %nn. %nnn. %n|.

Fiyqkb Bikc Koiki ]%OE ?ODD.1XaW Cnsdcnyg Xedsxeki Kfc Xdkssnyg Dukbki _dbyndf Liebnf` sdbyndf ’K“ kfc ’A“ Ie~bifi Abyi Nfcnokdq

 Xqdoicyqi: Pin`e ;1&9`g gdbkssis kfc xy nfd 198gb giksyqnf` lbksm pne ei kcc dl CG pkiq kfc 19gb yfcnbyic ;8) %OE?ODD.1Xa sdbyndf kqi kccic ldq obkqnlnokndf& Gkmi yx ei |dbygi d 198gb gkqm pne CG pkiq kfc lnbiq kliq eqdy`e gnunf`& Skmi 98gb dl ei obikq lnbqki d k 198gb odfnokb lbksm" kcc ;8gb dl  cnsdcnyg xedsxeki kfc xdkssnyg dukbki sdbyndf gkmi yx ei |dbygi d 198gb gkqm pne CG pkiq" sekmi pibb kfc lnbiq pedbi sdbyndf& Skmi ei lnbqki nf k ayqii ldq nqkndf& Snqki pne 9gb Liebnf` ’K“ kfc 9gb Liebnf` ’A“ sdbyndf ysi ?3 cqdxs dl ie~bifi abyi ks nfcnokdq& Ifc xdnf ns ei oekf`i odbdyq lqdg |iq~ ciix abyi d dbn|i `qiif kfc lnfkbb~ d ei qic odbdyq dl ei oyxqdys dunci& Okboybkndf: Liebnf` Lkodq 7 19&<$k" Peiqi k ns ayqii qikcnf` ;8gb dl Liebnf` sdbyndf 7 8&89;15`g dl Qicyonf` _y`kq Xiqoifk`i dl Qicyonf` _y`kq 7 8&89;15Ð;88  A& Q& Ð L& L& Ð C& L&

15

^iks kfc ^iks Oybyqi Sei ~iks _kooekqdg~ois oiqi|nsnki ns odggdfb~ mfdpf ks  akmiq―s ~iks" odfoifqknf` df oibb xdxybkndf `qdpe kfc liqgifkndf ifc xqdcyos& Sei ysi dl nfsqygifkndf syoe ks k okqadf cndunci `ks kfkb~ziq" k sxioqdxeddgiiq" kfc en`e xiqldqgkfoi bn{ync oeqdgkd`qkxe~ %EXBO. lkonbnkic ei syc~ dl  ade oekf`is nf oibb xdxybkndf kfc oibb gikadbnsg& Kfkb~sns dl  okqadf cndunci xqdcyondf kfc dxnokb cifsn~ d|iq ngi pks kxxbnic nf ei iukgnfkndf dl oekf`is nf ~iks oibb xdxybkndf& Ks gifndfic kad|i" ~ikss kqi ldyfc eqdy`edy ei pdqbc= gdqi ekf 5"888 sqknfs dl ens |i`ikn|i gnoqddq`kfnsg ek|i aiif obkssnlnic& Kxxqdungkib~ fnfi dq ;8 xyqi sqknfs" pne einq sya obkssnlnokndfs" kqi ysic ldq liqgifkndf dl gdbkssis= eisi kbb aibdf` d ei ~xi _kooekqdg~ois oiqi|nsnki& Ikoe sqknf eks ns dpf oekqkoiqnsnos" ngxkqnf` ns sxionkb xqdxiqnis d ei cnsnbbki ciqn|ic lqdg ns liqgifkndf& _qknfs ysic nf ei liqgifkndf dl gdbkssis kqi ysic nf liqgifkndf ldq qyg" i{ynbk" kfc aiiq xqdcyondf& K bngnic fygaiq dl ~ikss kqi kbsd ysic nf ei liqgifkndf dl pnfis" lqdg penoe aqkfc~ ns cnsnbbic& Nf gdbkssis aksic xqdcyos" ~iks oibbs kqi `qdpf nf gdbkssis gnuyqis& Sei gdbkssis gnuyqi ns siqnbnzic" kfc eif nfdoybkic pne bkonokonc akoiqnk d nfoqiksi koncn~& %^iks ns gdqi dbiqkf dl  en`eiq koncn~ ekf gkf~ odggdfb~ dooyqqnf` akoiqnk&. Peif ei cisnqic koncn~ ns qikoeic" ei gnuyqi ns k`knf siqnbnzic kfc k xyqi ~iks oybyqi ns kccic& Sei ~iks ns `qdpf yfciq odfqdbbic   odfcnndfs yfnb n qikoeis ei dxngyg xdnf ldq gnunf` pne ei  gdbkssis&

1>

 Liqgifkndf Iekfdb %OE?OE1DE. ns xqdcyoic a~ liqgifkndf dl sy`kqs& Liqgifkndf kbdfi cdis fd xqdcyoi ai|iqk`is pne Kbodedb odfif `qikiq ekf ;1 d ;9) aiokysi ei liqgifnf` ~iks ns cisqd~ic k en`e Kbodedb odfoifqkndfs& Sd xqdcyoi ai|iqk`is dl en`eiq Kbodedb odfif ei k{yidys sdbyndf gys ai cnsnbbic& Sei liqgifkndf dl okqade~cqkis nfd Kbodedb ns dfi dl ei dbcis mfdpf oeignokb xqdoissis& Sei qikondf ns okkb~zic a~ ~iks ifz~gis okbbic Z~gksis& K akbkfoic oeignokb qikondf ldq ens xqdoiss" kssygnf` ei sy`kq ns Skabi _y`kq dq _yoqdsi" Liqgifkndf okf ai qixqisific ks: Nf|iqis

O;1E11D;; - E1D _yoqdsi

O
CG Pkiq

@byodsi

Lqyodsi

Z~gksis

O
CG Pkiq

3OE?OE1DE - 3OD1 Ie~b Kbodedb

Okqadf Cn Dunci

Spd ~xis dl cq~ ~iks kqi xqdcyoic" kon|i cq~ ~iks %KC^. kfc nfskf cq~ ~iks %NC^.& Nfskf cq~ ~iks ns xqdcyoic lqdg k lksiqqikonf` ~iks sqknf ekf ek ysic ldq KC^& Sei gknf cnlliqifoi aipiif KC^ kfc NC^ ns ek KC^ eks d ai cnssdb|ic nf pkqg pkiq aildqi ysk`i" ay NC^ cdis fd& Sei xqnfonxkb qkp gkiqnkbs ysic nf xqdcyonf` akmiq―s ~iks kqi ei xyqi ~iks oybyqi kfc gdbkssis& Sei ~iks sqknf ysic nf xqdcyonf` odgxqissic ~iks ns _kooekqdg~ois oiqi|nsnki& Deiq ~iks sqknfs kqi qi{ynqic d xqdcyoi ikoe dl ei 1 cq~ ~iks xqdcyos" KC^ kfc NC^&

?8

 Akoe S~xi Liqgifkndf Sei akoe ~xi liqgifkndf xqdoiss ns kcdxic a~ Fnodb cnsnbbiq~& N ns ei ais xqdoiss" peiqi dfi―s ei xnoenf` dl pkse eks aiif kllioic kfc fd lyqeiq kifndf xknc d nbb ei liqgifkndf ns odgxbiic& Sei xqdoiss eks aiif gdcnlnic ns akiq& _dgi ngi peiqi ei lnbbnf` nf gknf liqgifdq ns cdfi nf sk`is" deiqpnsi ei odyqsi dl  xqdoiss ns skgi& Nf ens xqdoiss fygaiqs dl |ks kqi oekf`i pne lqise ~iks nfdoybygs lqdg xqiliqgifdq nf qknd ;:;8;9& Seisi liqgifdqs sixkqkib~ lnbbic pne cnbyic gdbkssis dl cisnqic sxionlno `qk|n~&  Liqgifkndf xqdoiss Liqgifkndf xbkf ns pibb i{ynxxic pne iuoibbif kqqkf`igif dl sikg odnbs" oddbnf` odnbs kfc knq sxkq`iq nf xqiliqgifdq&  Cnbyiq Cnbyiq ek|nf` eqii odffiondf" dfi ldq nfbi dl pkiq , siodfc dfi ldq nfbi dl gdbkssis kfc enqc dfi ldq dybi dl cisnqic Aqnu& N ns k cqyg sekxic kfc snykic aisnci dl xqiliqgifdq& Sei cngifsndf dl  1 cnbyiq ns ;9<Ð1?5 Og & Cnbyic gdbkssis odgi nf liqgifdq edysi eqdy`e `qk|n~& ^iks \issib  ^iks |issib gkci dl odxxiq" ldq siqnbnznf` sikg bnfi ns xbkoic nf ei |issib& N ns odffioic pne xqiliqgifdq a~ xnxi bnfi& Sei bka xqixkqic oybyqi ns kccic nf ei ~iks |issib a~ ei lbksm kfc igxiqkyqi gknfknfic kady ?0ºO& Sei ~iks |issib ns lybb~ od|iqic" fd iuoekf`i dl knq nfd ei |issib& Kliq kccnf` ei bka oybyqi nf ei |issib" |issib siqnbnzic kady ?3 e kfc ei oibb dl  _kooekqdg~ois Oiqi|nsnki ns `qdpnf`& ?;

\issib Fd& ^iks \issib ; ^iks \issib 1 ^iks \issib ? ^iks \issib 3

Okxkon~ 588 B 588 B 1888 B 1888 B

 Xqiliqgifdq Sei sekxi dl xqiliqgifdq ns ayba kfm ~xi& Ikoe ayba kfm ns xqd|nci pne knq sxkq`iq xnxi %odxxiq gkci." sikg bnfi ldq siqnbnzkndf kfc oddbnf` odnb& Lnqs dl kbb xqiliqgifdq ns bngic" sikgic kfc lnfkbb~ pkseic pne pkiq& Kliq ens" cnbyic gdbkssis sxionlno `qk|n~ ;&838 ns kmnf` nfd xqiliqgifdq yxd ekbl pdqmnf` okxkon~& Gnuic bka ~iks lqdg ~iks |issib nf d xqiliqgifdq kfc xqd|nci siqnbnzic knq lqdg xqdxiq ~iks xqdxk`kndf& Kcc ;88`g Yqik" ;8 gb Odfo& E  1_D 3 ldq ikoe ;888 B dl pdq kfc kbsd kcc  Kfn  Akoiqnkb K`if %_dcnyg Gik an _ybxeki. , Kfn Andno %Xkfic   kabi 388g`. penoe syxxiqs ei akoiqnkb `qdpe& Sekf kliq 1 edyq" `qkcykbb~ lnbbnf` pne pdq ns skqic yxd pdqmnf` okxkon~ kfc k`knf xqd|nci Yqik" Odfo& E  1_D 3 " Kfn Akoiqnkb K`if %_dcnyg Gik an _ybxeki. , Kfn Andno %Xkfic kabi 388g`. nf xqdxiq kgdyf kfc `n|is odfnfyi knq& Kliq <5 edyq" ens xqdxk`kic ~iks ns sifc d ei gknf liqgifdq ldq liqgifkndf&

‒Aildqi qkfsliq dl xqdxk`kic ~iks nf d liqgifdq pi oeiomic ei oibb odyf xiq gb& Nl ei oibb odyf ns nf xqdxiq kgdyf eif qkfsliq n  d ei liqgifdq ldq liqgifkndf‗& Skfm Fd& Xqiliqgifdq ; Xqiliqgifdq 1 Xqiliqgifdq ?

Okxkon~ ?>1>;&9; B ?>1>;&9; B ?>1>;&9; B

?1

 Liqgifdq Sei liqgifdq ns gkci dl gnbc siib kfc lbk nf ei addg& Liqgifdqs kqi i{ynxxic pne skfckqc oddbnf` odnb kqdyfc ei xiqnxeiq~ kqqkf`igif ldq lnbbnf` dl pdq kfc cqknf ldq sbyc`i& Sei xqdxk`kic ~iks dl xqiliqgifdq penoe ns qikc~ sngybkfidysb~" ns kmif nf dfi liqgifdq kfc cnbyi gdbkssis kady 1811 Aqnu %;&858 ;&8>8 sx& @qk|n~. ek|nf` ;1;?) sy`kq ns kccic `qkcykbb~& Sei pkse  akom ns fdqgkbb~ lnbbic nf k xiqndc 39 edyq& Sens lnbbnf` ns cdfi nf 1? sk`i& Liqgifdq ns kon|i kliq ;1 edyq kmnf` ~iks lqdg ayba kfm  d gknf liqgifdq kfc 98) dl sy`kq ns liqgific nf d kbodedb pnenf 5;8 edyq& Kliq xnoenf` peiqiks dkb liqgifkndf kmis xbkoi nf kady ?8 edyq& Kliq liqgifkndf 05) \$\ ns daknfs& Cyqnf` liqgifkndf igxiqkyqi nfoqiksi yxd ?5ºO" sd pi ysic iuiqfkb  E  oddbnf` odnb d gknfknf igxiqkyqi kady ?8'?9ºO kfc x gknfknf  kady 3&9'3&5) a~ ysnf` E  1_D 3 & Nf|iqis

O;1E11D;; - E1D _yoqdsi

O
CG Pkiq

@byodsi

Lqyodsi

Z~gksis

O
CG Pkiq

 Liqgifdq Odbygf Liqgifdq K

3OE?OE1DE - 3OD1 Ie~b Kbodedb

Okqadf Cn Dunci

Okxkon~ 10?59;&09 B

Liqgifdq A

1098??&>5 B

Liqgifdq O

159<38&15 B

Liqgifdq C

159<38&15 B

??

 CN_SNBBKSNDF   Akoe Cnsnbbkndf

Eiknf` kf ncikb gnuyqi dl pd |dbknbi syaskfois K kfc A %pne K ek|nf` ei en`eiq |dbknbn~" dq bdpiq adnbnf` xdnf. nf k akoe cnsnbbkndf siyx %syoe ks nf kf kxxkqkys cixnoic nf ei dxifnf` ln`yqi. yfnb ei gnuyqi ns adnbnf` qisybs nf k |kxdq kad|i ei bn{ync penoe odfknfs k gnuyqi dl K kfc A& Sei qknd aipiif K kfc A nf ei |kxdq pnbb ai cnlliqif lqdg ei qknd nf ei bn{ync: ei qknd nf ei bn{ync pnbb ai ciiqgnfic a~ edp ei dqn`nfkb gnuyqi pks xqixkqic" penbi ei qknd nf ei |kxdq pnbb ai ifqnoeic nf ei gdqi |dbknbi odgxdyfc" K %cyi d Qkdyb's Bkp" sii kad|i.& Sei |kxdq `dis eqdy`e ei odfcifsiq kfc ns qigd|ic lqdg ei s~sig& Sens nf yqf gikfs ek ei qknd dl odgxdyfcs nf ei qigknfnf` bn{ync ns fdp cnlliqif lqdg ei nfnnkb qknd %n&i& gdqi ifqnoeic nf A ekf ei skqnf` bn{ync.& Sei qisyb ns ek ei qknd nf ei bn{ync gnuyqi ns oekf`nf`" aiodgnf` qnoeiq nf odgxdfif A& Sens okysis ei adnbnf` xdnf dl ei gnuyqi d qnsi" penoe nf yqf qisybs nf k qnsi nf ei igxiqkyqi nf ei |kxdq" penoe qisybs nf k oekf`nf` qknd dl K : A nf ei `ks xeksi %ks cnsnbbkndf odfnfyis" eiqi ns kf nfoqiksnf` xqdxdqndf dl A nf ei `ks xeksi.& Seisi qisybs nf k sbdpb~ oekf`nf` qknd K: A nf ei cnsnbbki&

?3

Nl ei cnlliqifoi nf |kxdq xqissyqi aipiif ei pd odgxdfifs K kfc A ns bkq`i %`ifiqkbb~ iuxqissic ks ei cnlliqifoi nf adnbnf` xdnfs." ei gnuyqi nf ei ai`nffnf` dl ei cnsnbbkndf ns en`eb~ ifqnoeic nf odgxdfif K" kfc peif odgxdfif K eks cnsnbbic dll" ei adnbnf` bn{ync ns ifqnoeic nf odgxdfif A&

‒N ns ei dxiqkndf dl i|kxdqkndf kfc odfcifskndf dl  odfsnyif koodqcnf` d einq adnbnf` xdnf& Nf ens giedc ei gdqi |dbknbi odfsnyif ns sixkqkic lqdg biss |dbknbi odfsnyif& Kbodedb ns gdqi |dbknbi eif pkiq& Liqgific Pkse ns k anfkq~ gnuyqi kfc  n ns sifc d siib ldq qiod|iqnf` kbodedb lqdg n‗&

 Kfkb~ziq odbygf Dfi kfkb~ziq odbygf pks aynbc nf si`gif odfknfnf` ;5 yffib ~xi xbki kfc 9 yffib ~xi xbki nf ei ci`ksnl~nf` odbygf& Ks ei fkgic sy``is kfkb~ziq gikfs ei sixkqkndf dl gdqi |dbknbi |kxdyq lqdg ei liqgific pkse bik|nf` aienfc ei biss |dbknbi bn{ync k ei addg& Sei liqgific pkse lqdg ei pkse oekq`iq ns xygxic d xkssnf` eqdy`e aiiq eikiq %Xqieikiq." eik iuoekf`iq kfc kliq eikic d kf iuifcic d liic d ei liic xbki nf dx dl  odbygf& ?9

_ikg ns `n|if d addg dl ei kfkb~ziq odbygf eqdy`e sxkq`iq& Sei igxiqkyqi nf ei addg kady ;89;8<ºO& K ens igxiqkyqi yfciq sknslkodq~ pdqmnf` odfcnndf eiqi ns fd bdss dl  kbodedb lqdg sxif pkse& Seiqi kqi 1? xbkis nf ei odbygf" pkse lqdg liic xbki" ei sxqn d ei fiu cdpf xbki eqdy`e cdpf xnxi kfc sixkqki d|iq ei xbki kfc sngnbkqb~ d ei qis xbki odbygf& \kxdyq qnoe nf kbodedb kse ifc d ei yxxiq snci dl odbygf" lnfkbb~ qikoeis d ei |kxdyq bnfi& Sei bn{ync `dnf` cdpf lqdg xbki d xbki ybngkib~ fnb nf kbodedb qikoeic k addg dl odbygf kfc ns sifc d ei eik iuoekf`iq ldq eik qiod|iq~&  Kfkb~ziq Odbygf  Nffiq Cnk ' 01  Fd& dl Xbki ' ;5  Fd& dl _i`gif ' ;8  G& D& O& ' _& _iib Xbki _xkonf` ' 11 S~xi dl Okx ' Syffib okx 



Ci`ksnl~nf` Odbygf Nffiq Cnk ' 01 Fd& dl Xbki ' 9 Fd& dl _i`gif ' ? G& D& O& ' _& _iib Xbki _xkonf` ' 11 S~xi dl Okx ' Syffib okx 



 Qionlniq odbygf Kbodedbno |kxdyqs odgnf` dy lqdg kfkb~ziq odbygf kqi sdgi biss qikoeic %kady ?838). nf kbodedb& Seisi kqi xkssic eqdy`e qionlniq en`eiq adnbnf` lqkondf bi|ib aienfc ei |kxdyq {yni qnoe nf kbodedb %>?>3). qikoeic d ei dx dl ei qionlniq" lqdg peiqi eisi kqi pnsic d ei aiiq eikiq& Sei igxiqkyqi dl |kxdyq ifiqnf` qionlniq odbygf addg ns kady >3>9ºO& K |iq~ ngxdqkf kfc |kbykabi a~ xqdcyo fkgi ks lysib dnb odbbioic lqdg bdpiq xdqndf dl  qionlniq odbygf& Nl n ns fd sixkqkic dy ekf ns n k odfkgnfkndf ldq ei lnfkb xqdcyo ks n ns k |iq~ xyf`if kfc aic sgibbnf` xqdcyo& N ns gnuyqi dl en`eiq kbodedb kfc n ns ysic ks sdb|if" xiqlygis" sdyqoi dl |kqndys oeignokbs&

?<

 Qionlniq odbygf  Nffiq Cnk ' 01  Fd& dl Xbki ' 31  Fd& dl _i`gif ' ;1  G& D& O& ' Odxxiq  Xbki _xkonf` ' 11 S~xi dl Okx ' Ayaabi okx 



 Iuekys odbygf N ns k sgkbb Qionlniq xbkoic jys aibdp ei qionlniq& Sei sqnxxnf` dl ei qionlniq kfc pksenf` dl lysib dnb kqi kmnf` nfd ei iuekys odbygf& Sei bn{ync ns sikgic %;8;;81ºO. k xkq dl |dbknbi bn{ync %kbodedb. qnsis edy`e n xbki kfc kcc d deiq |kxdyqs dl  qionlniq kfc ei qis dl bn{ync ns eqdpf dy lqdg ei odbygf&  Aiiq Eikiq Aiiq eikiq ns k edbbdp o~bnfcqnokb adc~ lnic pne yais& Pkse lqdg oekq`iq eqdy`e odfqdb |kb|i ns xkssic eqdy`e ei yais kfc kbodedbno |kxdyqs odgnf` dy lqdg qionlniq odbygf kqi xkssic eqdy`e ei seibb snci nf dxxdsni cnqiondf& Eik qkfsliq dooyqs aipiif liqgific pkse kfc |kxdyq qnsnf` lqdg qionlniq odbygf pne k xkqnkb odfcifskndf dl kbodedbno |kxdyq kfc xkqnkbb~ eiknf` dl  liqgific pkse& Odfcifsic kbodedb ns sif d ei dx dl qionlniq kfc liqgific pkse ns sif d ei eik iuoekf`iq ldq lyqeiq eiknf`& ?0

 Aiiq Eikiq 1  Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' >88 l  Syai Cnkgiiq ' 38 gg  Bif`e dl Syai ' >  Fd& dl Syai ' 388 

 Eik iuoekf`iq Sei xbki ~xi eik iuoekf`iq ns ysic nf cnsnbbiq~& Sei xbki ~xi eik iuoekf`iq xbk~ kf ngxdqkf qdbi nf iodfdg~ dl sikg& Sei liqgific pkse xqieikic nf aiiq eikiq ns kmif nf xbki ~xi eik iuoekf`iq kfc sxif pkse penoe ns odgi lqdg kfkb~ziq odbygf ns kbsd kmif nf xbki ~xi eik iuoekf`iq& Sei eik qkfsliq aipiif liqgific pkse kfc sxif pkse& Kliq ei eik iuoekf`i igxiqkyqi dl liqgific pkse nfoqiksic yxd 5859ºO& Fdp ens eikic liqgific pkse ns liic nfd ci`ksnl~nf` odbygf&  Eik iuoekf`iq S~xi ' Xbki pne Qyaaiq @ksmi   G& D& O& ' _& _iib  Fd& Dl Xbki ' 01 Okxkon~ ' 1<888 b$e Odfcifsiq Sei lyfondf dl ei odfcifsiq ns skgi d ei aiiq eikiq iuxio nf odfcifsiq seibb snci pkiq ns kmif penbi nf aiiq eikiq pi kmif liqgific pkse seibb snci& _dgi xkq dl odfcifsic |kxdyq ns qiyqf akom d ei odbygf %qilbyu. penbi sdgi xkq ns kmif ks eikc xqdcyo& Odfcifsiq 1  Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' 988 l  Syai Cnkgiiq ' 38 gg  Bif`e dl Syai ' 5  Fd& dl Syai ' 198 

\if Odfcifsiq 1 Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' ?88 l  Syai Cnkgiiq ' ?9 gg Bif`e dl Syai ' 0&9 Fd& dl Syai ' ;58 

?5

Oddbiq Sei gknf lyfondf dl oddbiq ns d qicyoi ei igxiqkyqi dl  pnecqkpf xqdcyo yxd cisnqkabi igxiqkyqi aildqi sdqk`i& Sei bn{ync xkssic nf seibb snci kfc pkiq nf yai& Kliq oddbnf` xqdcyo ns kmif nf k skli `bkss" peiqi ns sqif`e ns oeiomic kfc lnfkbb~ sifcs d qioin|iq qddg dl ei sdqk`i& Oddbiq 1  Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' ;9g Syai Cnkgiiq ' ?9 gg  Bif`e dl Syai ' ?g  Fd& dl Syai ' <8 _XIONLNOKSNDF:  Kbcie~ci Odbygf  Nffiq Cnk ' 39  Fd& dl Xbki ' 53  Fd& dl _i`gif ' ;3  G& D& O& ' _& _iib Xbki _xkonf` ' > S~xi dl Okx ' Ayaabi okx 



 Kbcie~ci Odfcifsiq 1  Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' 18 g Syai Cnkgiiq ' ?1 gg  Bif`e dl Syai ' ? g  Fd& dl Syai ' 08 \if Odfcifsiq sgkbb  1  Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' > g Syai Cnkgiiq ' ?8 gg  Bif`e dl Syai ' ?g  Fd& dl Syai ‟ 38 g ?>

 IUSQK FIYSQKB KBODEDB XBKFS  Nf Fnodb cnsnbbiq~ ek|i kf I& F& K& Xbkf" pedsi okxkon~ ns 39 MB xiq ck~& Nf I& F& K& Xbkf cnsnbbic lyqeiq qionlnic sxnqn pne k gnuyqi dl pkiq nf qknd ;:9&  Xyqnlniq Odbygf Sei odbygf ns gkci dl odxxiq kfc xbk~s kf ngxdqkf qdbi d xyqnl~ ei {ykbn~ dl sxnqn& Nf ens odbygf sxnqn kfc pkiq gnuyqi ns e e e liic df ;? " ;3 , ;9 xbki& Sens odbygf odfsnss dl ?9 xbkis pne ayaabi okxs& Sei addg igxiqkyqi gknfknfic >;>9ºO& Pi odbbio sdgi ngxyqi lqdg ei lnfkb odfcifsiq dl xyqnlniq kfc qilbyu lyqeiq liic d odbygf eif n ns bik|is cqdpf akom d ei qionlniq odbygf&  Xyqnlniq Odbygf  Ein`e ' 18 l   Cnkgiiq ' 31  Fd& dl Xbki ' ?9 Xbki _xkonf` ' 5 S~xi dl Okx ' Ayaabi okx 



 Qionlniq Odbygf e

Kbodedbno gnuyqi odgnf` lqdg ei addg dl xyqnlniq ;9 xbki& Sens odbygf odfsnss dl 39 xbkis pne ayaabi okxs& Sei gnuyqi liic d qionlnokndf odbygf kfc en`eiq adnbnf` lqkondf bik|is aienfc kfc |kxdyqs {yni qnoe dl OE ?OE1DE >9) qikoeis d ei dx dl odbygf lqdg peiqi yai kqi pnsic d odfcifsiq& K |iq~ ngxdqkf a~ xqdcyo ns odbbio lqdg addg kfc lysib dnb ns issifnkb d qigd|i& Sei xqisifoi dl lysib dnb ei aic sgibbnf` lnfkb e xqdcyo cqdpfs lqdg 3839 xbkis ns daknfic& 38

 Qionlniq Odbygf  Ein`e ' 18 l   Cnkgiiq ' 31  Fd& dl Xbki ' 39 Xbki _xkonf` ' 5 S~xi dl Okx ' Ayaabi okx 



 Iuekys Odbygf N ns k sgkbb Qionlniq xbkoic jys aibdp ei qionlniq& Sei sqnxxnf` dl ei qionlniq kfc pksenf` dl lysib dnb kqi kmnf` nfd ei iuekys odbygf& Sei bn{ync ns sikgic %;8;;81ºO. k xkq dl |dbknbi bn{ync %kbodedb. qnsis edy`e n xbki kfc kcc d deiq |kxdyqs dl  qionlniq kfc ei qis dl bn{ync ns eqdpf dy lqdg ei odbygf&  Iuekys Odbygf  Ein`e ' ;8 l   Fd& dl Xbki ' ;9 Xbki _xkonf` ' 5 S~xi dl Okx ' Ayaabi okx 

 Qilnfnf` Odbygf Sei odbygf ns gkci dl odxxiq kfc n odfsnss dl 5 si`gif , 38 xbkis pne ayaabi okxs& IFK cqkp odgnf` lqdg qionlniq odbygf `dis eqdy`e n ldq lyqeiq ngxqd|igif dl {ykbn~& N ns odfsnss sikg odnbs d k|dnc cnqio odfko dl bn|i sikg , cqkp n kmif lqdg gnccbi odbygf&  Qilnfnf` Odbygf  Ein`e ' ;8 l   Fd& dl Xbki ' 19 Xbki _xkonf` ' 5 S~xi dl Okx ' Ayaabi okx 

3;

Odfcifsiq Nf IFK xbkf pd odfcifsiqs xqisif df qionlniq odbygf kfc pd odfcifsiqs xqisif df xyqnlniq odbygf& Nf seibb snci ei |kxdyqs kqi xqisif kfc nf yai pkiq ns xkssnf`& Sei odfcifsk i dl odfcifsiq―s ns sifc d ei dx dl qionlniq , xyqnlniq odbygf& Lqdg ei ade odbygf |if odfcifsiq sdgi ngxyqi sxnqn %;818). okf ai cqkpf nf ei ldqg dl eikc&  Lnqs Odfcifsiq dl Xyqnlniq 1

 Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ‟ ;< g _iodfc Odfcifsiq dl Xyqnlniq 1

 Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ‟ < g  Lnqs Odfcifsiq dl Qionlniq 1

 Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ‟ 19 g _iodfc Odfcifsiq dl Qionlniq 1

 Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ‟ < g Oddbiq

Sei gknf lyfondf dl oddbiq ns d qicyoi ei igxiqkyqi dl pnecqkpf xqdcyo yxd cisnqkabi igxiqkyqi aildqi sdqk`i& Sei bn{ync xkssic nf seibb snci kfc pkiq nf yai& Kliq oddbnf` xqdcyo ns kmif nf k skli `bkss" peiqi ns sqif`e ns oeiomic kfc lnfkbb~ sifcs d qioin|iq qddg dl ei sdqk`i& Oddbiq 1  Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik ' ;8 g Syai Cnkgiiq ' 19 gg  Bif`e dl Syai ' 1&9g  Fd& dl Syai ' 38 31

[YKBNS^ ODFSQDB  Kfkb~nokb Pdqm Qibkic d Q& _ , I& F& K  Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf dl Sdkb Koncn~ dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb&  Qik`if: n& _kfckqc FkDE 8&89F nn& Xeifdbxeekbinf Nfcnokdq  Xqdoicyqi: Skmi 98gb dl skgxbi kfc kcc kady 188gb dl CG pkiq kfc nqki k`knfs pne _kfckqc FkDE 8&89F sdbyndf ysnf` Xeifdbxeekbinf ks nfcnokdq& Okboybkndf: Sdkb Koncn~ Iuxqissic ks Skqkqno Konc" `g xiq ;88 Bnqi dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb& 7 8&88?09Ð\;Ð;88Ð;888Ð1 \1 Peiqi" \; 7 \dbygi dl FkDE ysic ldq nqkndf nf gb& \1 7 Kbodedb" ) a~ \dbygi& Fdi' ; gb dl _kfckqc FkDE sdbyndf ns i{yn|kbif d 8&88?09`g dl  Skqkqno Konc&

 Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf dl \dbknbi Koncn~ dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb&  Qik`if: n& _kfckqc FkDE 8&89F nn& Xeifdbxeekbinf Nfcnokdq  Xqdoicyqi: Skmi 98gb dl skgxbi kfc kcc kady 188gb dl CG pkiq kfc nqki k`knfs pne _kfckqc FkDE 8&89F sdbyndf ysnf` Xeifdbxeekbinf ks nfcnokdq& 3?

Okboybkndf: \dbknbi Koncn~ Iuxqissic ks Koino Konc" `g xiq ;88 Bnqi dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb& 7 8&88?Ð\;Ð;88Ð;888Ð1 \1 Peiqi" \; 7 \dbygi dl FkDE ysic ldq nqkndf nf gb& \1 7 Kbodedb" ) a~ \dbygi& Fdi' ; gb dl _kfckqc FkDE sdbyndf ns i{yn|kbif d 8&88?`g dl   Koino Konc&

 Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf dl Lnuic Koncn~ dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb&  Qik`if: n& _kfckqc FkDE 8&89F nn& Xeifdbxeekbinf Nfcnokdq  Xqdoicyqi: Skmi 98gb dl skgxbi kfc i|kxdqki fikq cq~fiss& Kcc kady ;88gb dl CG pkiq kfc k`knf i|kxdqki d cq~fiss& Cnbyi kfc nqki k`knfs _kfckqc FkDE 8&89F sdbyndf ysnf` Xeifdbxeekbinf ks nfcnokdq& Okboybkndf: Lnuic Koncn~ Iuxqissic ks Skqkqno Konc" `g xiq ;88 Bnqi dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb& 7 8&88?09Ð\;Ð;88Ð;888Ð1 \1 Peiqi" \; 7 \dbygi dl FkDE ysic ldq nqkndf nf gb& \1 7 Kbodedb" ) a~ \dbygi& Fdi' ; gb dl _kfckqc FkDE sdbyndf ns i{yn|kbif d 8&88?09`g dl  Skqkqno Konc&

33

 Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf dl En`eiq Kbodedb&  Qik`if: n& _kbno~bno Kbcie~ci  ‟ ;) sdbyndf %g$|.& nn& Odfo& E1_D3  Xqdoicyqi: Skmi ;8gb dl skgxbi nf ei adbi kfc kcc ;gb dl  _kbno~bno Kbcie~ci kfc 18gb Odfo& E 1_D3& Kbbdp d skfckqc k qddg igxiqkyqi ldq d|iq ;1 edyqs& Fdi ei odbdyq oekf`i %ldq {ynom  qdynfi kfkb~sns" ei odbdyq oekf`i gk~ ai fdic kliq k sedqiq nfiq|kb dl ;9 d 18 gnfyis k ;9;8ºO.& Dasiq|kndf: Sei odbdyq ci|ibdxic kliq ei qikondf nfcnokis ei kgdyf dl en`eiq kbodedb ks ldbbdps& Odbdyq Bn`e ^ibbdp ^ibbdp d Aqdpfnse Aqdpf Qic Ckqm Qic d Abkom

Kgdyf dl En`eiq Kbodedb  Dfb~ qkois Kady 8&8;) \$\ 8&81 d 8&8?) \$\ Kady 8&89 d 8&;) \$\ Kady 8&;) \$\

 Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf dl Kbcie~cis&  Qik`if: n& _dcnyg GikAn_ybxeki _dbyndf" 8&89F nn& _kfckqc Ndcnfi _dbyndf" 8&89F nnn& _kfckqc _dcnyg Sendsybxeki _dbyndf" 8&89F n|& _kqoe Nfcnokdq  Xqdoicyqi: Skmi 98gb dl cnsnbbki dl bn{ydq nf k 198gb ndcnfi lbksm  kfc kcc ;8gb dl _dcnyg GikAn_ybxeki _dbyndf& Miix ei lbksm  nf k ckqm xbkoi ldq ?8 gnfyi pne dooksndfkb sekmnf`& Kcc 19gb dl 

39

_kfckqc Ndcnfi _dbyndf kfc akom iuoiss Ndcnfi k`knfs _kfckqc _dcnyg Sendsybxeki _dbyndf ysnf` _kqoe ks Nfcnokdq& _ngybkfidysb~ qyf k abkfm kmnf` 98gb dl CG pkiq nf xbkoi dl  cnsnbbki dl bn{ydq nf ei skgi pk~& Sei cnlliqifoi nf nqkndf |kbyi nf gb dl _dcnyg Sendsybxeki _dbyndf `n|is ei i{yn|kbif Kbcie~ci& Okboybkndf: Kbcie~ci Iuxqissic ks Koikbcie~ci" `g xiq ;88 Bnqi dl Kasdbyi Kbodedb& 7 8&88;;Ð\;Ð;88Ð;888Ð1 \1 Peiqi" \; 7 Cnlliqifoi nf gb dl _kfckqc _dcnyg Sendsybxeki _dbyndf ysic ldq abkfm& \1 7 Kbodedb" ) a~ \dbygi& Fdi' ; gb dl _kfckqc _dcnyg Sendsybxeki sdbyndf ns i{yn|kbif d 8&88;; `g dl Koikbcie~ci&

 Kng: Ciiqgnfkndf dl Isiqs&  Qik`if: n& _kfckqc FkDE 8&;F nn& _kfckqc E1_D3 8&;F  Xqdoicyqi: Sd ei fiyqkbnzic cnsnbbki lqdg ei dl \dbknbi Koncn~ ciiqgnfkndf& Kcc ;8gb dl _kfckqc FkDE kfc qilbyu n df k sikg ake dl dfi edyq& Oddb , akom nqki ei iuoiss dl _kfckqc FkDE pne _kfckqc E 1_D3& _ngybkfidysb~ qyf k abkfm kmnf` 98gb dl CG pkiq nf xbkoi dl  cnsnbbki dl bn{ydq nf ei skgi pk~& Sei cnlliqifoi nf nqkndf |kbyi nf gb dl _kfckqc Konc _dbyndf `n|is ei i{yn|kbif Isiqs&

3<

Okboybkndf: Isiq Iuxqissic ks Ie~b Koiki" `g xiq ;88 Bnqi dl  Kasdbyi Kbodedb& 7 8&8855Ð\;Ð;88Ð;888Ð1 \1 Peiqi" \; 7 Cnlliqifoi nf gb dl _kfckqc Konc _dbyndf ysic ldq abkfm& \1 7 Kbodedb" ) a~ \dbygi& Fdi' ; gb dl _kfckqc Konc sdbyndf ns i{yn|kbif d 8&8855 `g dl   Ie~b Koiki&

_ifsdq~ kfkb~sns dl Kbodedb  _ifsdq~ kfkb~sns %dq sifsdq~ i|kbykndf . ns k sonifnlno cnsonxbnfi ek kxxbnis xqnfonxbis dl  iuxiqngifkb cisn`f kfc sknsnokb kfkb~sns d ei ysi dl eygkf sifsis %sn`e" sgibb" ksi" dyoe kfc eikqnf`. ldq ei xyqxdsis dl i|kbyknf` odfsygiq xqdcyos& Sei cnsonxbnfi qi{ynqis xkfibs dl eygkf kssissdqs" df pedg ei xqdcyos kqi isic" kfc qiodqcnf` ei qisxdfsis gkci a~ eig& A~ kxxb~nf` sknsnokb ioefn{yis d ei qisybs n ns xdssnabi d gkmi nfliqifois kfc nfsn`es kady ei xqdcyos yfciq is& Gds bkq`i odfsygiq `ddcs odgxkfnis ek|i cixkqgifs cicnokic d sifsdq~ kfkb~sns&

Nf {ykbn~ odfqdb pi kqi cdnf` eqii ~xi dl sifsdq~& ;& _ifsdq~ A~ _n`e 1& _ifsdq~ A~ _gibb ?& _ifsdq~ A~ Sksi

30

PKQI EDY_I Nf pkqi edysi pi sdqic ei xqdcyoic kbodedb& Seiqi kqi eqii gknf siondfs dl pkqi edysi& n& nn& nnn&

Qioin|iq Qddg _xnqn _dqk`i Qddg C&_&" _&C&_& Qddg

 Qioin|iq Qddg Sens ns ei sdqk`i peiqi kbodedb xqdcyoic lqdg xbkf ns lnqs xbkoic& Kliq k oiqknf nfiq|kb dl ngi %Gkungnyg01 eqs. kbodedb ns qkfsliqqic lqdg ens qddg d cnlliqif qddgs& Sens xkqnoybkq xiqndc ns iqgic ks odgxbiic dy yqf %O&D&S. nf k xkqnoybkq O&D&S& pi `n|i koodyf dl gdbkssis kmif ldq xqdcyondf dl kbodedb kfc ei {ykfn~ dl kbodedb xqdcyoic lqdg n& Qiod|iq~ dl kbodedb illnonifo~ ns okboybkic df ei Cnsnbbkndf ek|i odgxbii odfqdb d|iq xqdcyondf dl kbodedb a~ ei okboybkndf dl O&D&S ln`yqis& Okxkon~ dl cnlliqif qioin|iq kfm ns `n|if aibdp: Qioin|iqs Fd& Q; Q1 Q? Q3 Q9 Q< Q0 Q5 Q> Q;8

Okxkon~ 9<3>;AB 9<<05AB 9>8AB 1
35

_xnqn _dqk`i Qddg Kbodedb xqdcyoic lqdg xbkf ns Q&_& %>?) \$\. kfc I&F&K& %>9) \$\.& _xnqn sdqk`i kfm ns `n|if aibdp&  Qionlnic _xnqn K Qionlnic _xnqn dq qionlnic kbodedb ns en`eb~ odfoifqkic iekfdb %cqnfmnf` kbodedb. penoe eks aiif xyqnlnic a~ gikfs dl qixikic cnsnbbkndf" k xqdoiss ek ns okbbic qionlnokndf& Qionlnic sxnqns kqi ysic nf gnuic cqnfms" nf ei xqdcyondf dl bn{yiyqs" ldq gicnonfkb xyqxdsis" kfc ks k edysiedbc sdb|if& Xyqi dq en`eb~ qionlnic sxnqn %okbbic kbsd ie~b kbodedb." ei sxnqnydys dq nfdunoknf` ibigif dl  liqgific dq cnsnbbic bn{ydqs" dq gdqi bddsib~ k bn{ync odfknfnf` n nf odfsnciqkabi {ykfn~& N ns iuqkoic a~ sngxbi cnsnbbkndf lqdg _y`kq okfi Gdbkssis kfc nflysndfs dl k skooekqnfi fkyqi" penoe ek|i yfciq`dfi |nfdys liqgifkndf" ks ei qkcnokb ie~b ldqgs odggdf dq ie~b kbodedb& Q& _& Skfm Fd& Q_\; Q_\1 Q_\? Q_\3 Q_\9 Q_\< Q_\0 Q_\5 Q_\> Q_\;8 Q_\;; Q_\;1 Q_\;? Q_\;3

Okxkon~ 88AB <03<8AB <5;98AB 08;0>8AB <9?38AB 55301AB 039<8AB <><5?AB 00919AB 09<1?AB 3>

 Iuqk Fiyqkb Kbodedb  Sei en`eis bi|ib dl iekfdb xyqn~ ns ’IFK“ dq Iuqk Fiyqkb Kbodedb ldq En`e {ykbn~ ai|iqk`is kfc bn{ydq& Sens ns dfb~ cdgisnokbb~ xqdcyoic lqdg liqgifkndf _y`kq Okfi sdyqois& Aksic df ei ~xi dl _y`kq okfi xqdoissic kfc ei ifz~gis ysic d aqikm  skqoe cdpf d sy`kq" cnlliqif {ykfnnis kfc ~xis dl ngxyqnnis kqi xqdcyoic& Nf kccnndf d giinf` kbb dl ei {ykbn~ qi{ynqigifs ldq Y_X" FL kfc LOO `qkci gkiqnkbs" IFK ai|iqk`i kbodedb gys xkss sqnf`if dq`kfdbixno kfkb~sns ldq ksi kfc dcdyq& I|if nf ens ck~ dl gdciqf ioefdbd`~ kfc sdxensnokic kfkb~nokb i{ynxgif kfc ioefn{yis" ei eygkf sifsis kqi kabi d ciio ngxyqn~ bi|ibs ai~dfc ei ciiondf bngns dl ei i{ynxgif& _nfoi IFK ns nfifcic ldq eygkf odfsygxndf" ens is ns ei gds ngxdqkf soqiifnf` ddb& Dq`kfdbixnos kqi fdqgkbb~ qyf k 38 xqddls %18) a~ |dbygi.& I& F& K& Skfm Fd& IF\; IF\1 IF\? IF\3 IF\9 IF\< IF\0 IF\5 IF\> IF\;8 IF\;; IF\;1 IF\;? IF\;3

Okxkon~ 3<058AB 3<058AB 5AB ?9<05AB 039<8AB <><5?AB 00919AB 09<1?AB 98

 Cifkyqi Qionlnic _xnqn Nfcysqnkb kbodedb ns cnsnbbic ie~b kbodedb %O 1E9DE." fdqgkbb~ dl en`e xqddl" xqdcyoic kfc sdbc ldq deiq ekf ai|iqk`i xyqxdsis& N ns ysykbb~ cnsqnayic nf ei ldqg dl xyqi ie~b kbodedb" odgxbiib~ cifkyqic kbodedb= isxionkbb~ cifkyqic kbodedb kfc xqdxqnikq~ sdb|if abifcs& Xyqi ie~b kbodedb ns ysic nf bkadqkdqnis kfc nf nfcysq~ ldq ns skfnnznf`" obikfnf` kfc sdb|if xqdxiqnis& Gkf~ gicnonfis" lddc xqdcyos" lbk|dyqnf`s kfc odsginos odybc fd ai xqdcyoic pnedy n& N ns ysic d xqdoiss |koonfis" odgxdyfc dfnos" s~qyxs" nfoyqis" bnfngifs kfc kfnsixnos ks pibb ks ainf` |nkb nf ei gkfylkoyqi dl  xekqgkoiynokbs syoe ks Oebdqdldqg" Kkaqnfi kfc akqanyqkis& N ns ysic nf ei xqdcyondf dl kceisn|is" odsginos" ciiq`ifs" iuxbdsn|is" nfms" ekfc oqikg" xbksnos kfc iunbis& Seiqi kqi bniqkbb~ eyfcqics dl  xqdcyos kfc ysis ldq ens oeignokb& C& _& Skfm Fd& C_\; C_\1 C_\? C_\3 C_\9 C_\< C_\0 C_\5 C_\>

Okxkon~ 3<3>3AB 3<853AB 3<<85AB 1?>39AB ?0<88AB ;190>AB ;1<5>AB ;5558AB ;?988AB

9;

 BN[YIYQ _IOSNDF  Ldq gkfylkoyqis dl  Nfcnkf Gkci Ldqin`f Bn{yiyq %NGLB. ldbbdpnf` xqdoiss ns: 

Gkyqkndf



Qicyondf



Ci`qii xqddl 



Abifcnf`

 Gkyqkndf Gkyqkndf ns sbdp dunckndf xqdoiss nf penoe ei Kbcie~ci odfif penoe ns xqisif nf Iekfdb ns odf|iqic d lnqsb~ nf Koino Konc kfc lnfkbb~ oekf`is nfd Isiq&  ]DunckndfW

]E~cqdb~snsW 

O  1 E  9DE

OE  ?ODDE

 Iekfdb

Koino Konc

OE  ?ODDO  1 E  9 Isiq

Sens xqdoiss ns cdfi nfd pddcif |ki kfc pddcif akqqib& Sei gkyqic sxnqn ek|nf` gkbbdp lbk|dyq& Seisi |ki kqi gkci dl _kb pddc kfc oddbic a~ iuiqfkb oddbnf` odnb&

 Qicyondf Qicyondf ns k xqdoiss" penoe ei en`e sqif`e sxnqn cnbyic pne ei eibx dl CG pkiq d cisnqic sqif`e dl sxnqn&

Ldqgybk:

@n|if \dbygi Ð Ci`qii xqddl   Qi{ynqic Ci`qii xqddl  91

 Ci`qii xqddl  _xnqn sqif`e gk~ ai cisn`fkic nf si|iqkb pk~s – pin`e xiq `kbbdf" xiqoifk`i a~ pin`e" dq xiqoifk`i a~ |dbygi" kbb eisi ek|nf` qiliqifoi d kasdbyi %n&i&" xyqi. kbodedb kfc pkiq& Seiqi kqi deiq skfckqcs nf odggdf ysi= i&`&" Y&_& xqddl sxnqn" penoe ns 98 xiqoif a~ |dbygi kbodedb& Ikoe ci`qii dl Y&_& xqddl qixqisifs 8&9 xiqoif kbodedb" sd ek bn{ydq ek|nf` 98 xiqoif kbodedb ns iqgic ;88 xqddl& Aqnnse xqddl ns aksic df k sxionlno odfoifqkndf dl  kbodedb" k 98 xiqoif kbodedbno odfif ainf` i{yn|kbif d ;;3&;1 Y&_& xqddls& Aqnnse xqddl ns iuxqissic ks ci`qiis d|iq dq yfciq xqddl  %ek ns" d|iq dq yfciq 98 xiqoif kbodedb." penbi Y&_& xqddl ns iuxqissic nf cnqio xqddl ln`yqis& Sei giqno @k~Byssko s~sig sngxb~ skis ei xiqoifk`i a~ |dbygi dl kbodedb nf cnsnbbic bn{ydq&

 Abifcnf`

’Abifcnf` ns ei xqdoiss nf penoe pd dq gdqi ekf pd cnlliqif sqif`e dl sxnqns gnuic d`ieiq d `i cisnqic sqif`e dl  ei sxnqn“& Abifcnf` ns kfdeiq giedc dl daknfnf` k akbkfoic xqdcyo pne xqionsi lbk|dyq oekqkoiqnsnos& Abifcic xqdcyos kqi odgxdsic dl dfi dq gdqi en`eb~ lbk|dyqic odgxdfifs" k en`exqddl odgxdfif pne k bdp odf`ifiq odfif" k odbdyq kcjysgif nf`qicnif" kfc xiqekxs kf kccnndfkb lbk|dyqnf` gkiqnkb& Kf iukgxbi ns k abifcic pensmi~" penoe gk~ odfknf si|iqkb pensmi~s" k `qknf sxnqn cnsnbbic k >8 d >9 xiqoif kbodedb" okqkgib odbdyqnf`" kfc xiqekxs k sgkbb kgdyf dl k lbk|dyqnf` abifciq %xkq dl penoe gk~ ai seiqq~ dq xdq pnfi.& K abifcic _odoe odfsnss dl si|iqkb en`eb~ lbk|dyqic gkb pensmi~s xqdcyoic nf xd snbbs kfc k aksi pensmi~ xqdcyoic lqdg `qknf nf k odfnfydys cnsnbbkndf s~sig&

9?

Ldqgybk:

Sdkb \dbygi Ð_qif`e Qknsic nf Ci`qii xqddl  _qdf` _xnqn _qif`e nf Ci`qii xqddl 

_i{yifnkb Abifcnf`

_i{yifnkb abifcnf` ns ei bdkcnf` dl dfi xqdcyo odgxdfif k k ngi eqdy`e k snf`bi lbdp giiq kfc k snf`bi lbdp odfqdb |kb|i& Sei abifc qknd ns odqqio dfb~ kliq kbb odgxdfifs dl ei abifc ek|i aiif bdkcic& Nf'bnfi Abifcnf` %Qknd Abifcnf`.

Nfbnfi abifcnf` ns ei sngybkfidys abifcnf` kfc bdkcnf` dl  pd dq gdqi xqdcyo odgxdfifs& Ikoe odgxdfif eks k cicnokic lbdp giiq kfc lbdp odfqdb |kb|i& Nfbnfi abifcnf` okf ai ineiq fdf xqdxdqndfkb dq xqdxdqndfkb ks cisoqnaic aibdp&

Abifcnf` \ki

AB\ ; AB\ 1 AB\ ? AB\ 3 AB\ 9 AB\ < AB\ 0 AB\ 5 AB\ > AB\ ;8 AB\ ;; AB\ ;1

Okxkon~

>0>8 B ;0?38 B ;<8;8 B ?8558 B 33838 B 1;558 B ;0<98 B ;9<88 B ?<3?8 B ;><1? B ;1<55 B ?3??8 B

93

 CIGNFIQKBNZIC PKSIQ XBKFS   Cindfnziqs Xyqi K{yk ns k bikcnf` xqd|nciq dl cindfnzkndf sdbyndfs& Dyq pkiq cindfnziqs kqi qy``ic" xqiif`nfiiqic" xqikssigabic" skfckqcnzic yfns ek gnfngnzi iuxifsn|i nfskbbkndf kfc skqyx odss& Pi ek|i cisn`fic dyq Cindfnzkndf s~sigs d gkungnzi ei illnonifo~ kfc qixikkanbn~ dl ei yfn cyqnf` ei siq|noi kfc qi`ifiqkndf gdcis& Sei Xqdoiss dl Cindfnzkndf dq Ndf'iuoekf`i Nf ei odfiu dl pkiq xyqnlnokndf" ndfiuoekf`i ns k qkxnc kfc qi|iqsnabi xqdoiss nf penoe ngxyqn~ ndfs xqisif nf ei pkiq kqi qixbkoic a~ ndfs qibiksic a~ kf ndfiuoekf`i qisnf& Sei ngxyqn~ ndfs kqi kmif yx a~ ei qisnf" penoe gys ai xiqndcnokbb~ qi`ifiqkic d qisdqi n d ei dqn`nfkb ndfno ldqg& %Kf ndf ns kf kdg dq `qdyx dl  kdgs pne kf ibioqno oekq`i& Xdsnn|ib~oekq`ic ndfs kqi okbbic okndfs kfc kqi ysykbb~ gikbs= fi`kn|ib~oekq`ic ndfs kqi okbbic kfndfs kfc kqi ysykbb~ fdfgikbs.& Sei ldbbdpnf` ndfs kqi pncib~ ldyfc nf qkp pkiqs: Okndfs 1Okbonyg %Ok . 1Gk`fisnyg %G` . _dcnyg %Fk . Xdkssnyg %M . 1Nqdf %Li .

Kfndfs  Oebdqnci %Ob . ? Anokqadfki %EOD . ? Fnqki %FD . 1 Okqadfki %OD? . 1 _yblki %_D3 .

99

 Ndf Iuoekf`i Qisnfs Seiqi kqi pd aksno ~xis dl qisnf: okndfiuoekf`i kfc kfndf iuoekf`i qisnfs& Okndf iuoekf`i qisnfs pnbb qibiksi E~cqd`if %E . ndfs dq deiq xdsnn|ib~ oekq`ic ndfs nf iuoekf`i ldq ngxyqn~ okndfs xqisif nf ei pkiq& Kfndf iuoekf`i qisnfs pnbb qibiksi e~cqdu~b  %DE . ndfs dq deiq fi`kn|ib~ oekq`ic ndfs nf iuoekf`i ldq ngxyqn~ kfndfs xqisif nf ei pkiq& Sei kxxbnokndf dl ndf'iuoekf`i d pkiq qikgif kfc xyqnlnokndf Seiqi kqi eqii pk~s nf penoe ndfiuoekf`i ioefdbd`~ okf ai ysic nf pkiq qikgif kfc xyqnlnokndf: lnqs" okndfiuoekf`i qisnfs kbdfi okf ai igxbd~ic d sdlif pkiq a~ aksi iuoekf`i= siodfcb~" kfndfiuoekf`i qisnfs kbdfi okf ai ysic ldq dq`kfno sok|if`nf` dq fnqki qigd|kb= kfc enqcb~" odganfkndfs dl okndf iuoekf`i kfc kfndfiuoekf`i qisnfs okf ai ysic d qigd|i |nqykbb~ kbb ei ndfno ngxyqnnis xqisif nf ei liic pkiq" k xqdoiss mfdpf ks cindfnzkndf& Pkiq cindfnziq―s xyqnlnokndf xqdoiss qisybs nf pkiq dl  iuoixndfkbb~ en`e {ykbn~&

9<

 Cindfnzkndf

Ldq gkf~ bkadqkdq~ kfc nfcysqnkb kxxbnokndfs" en`exyqn~ pkiq penoe ns issifnkbb~ lqii lqdg ndfno odfkgnfkfs ns qi{ynqic& Pkiq dl ens {ykbn~ okf ai xqdcyoic a~ cindfnzkndf& Sei pd gds odggdf ~xis dl cindfnzkndf kqi: Spd'aic cindfnzkndf Sei pdaic cindfnziq odfsnss dl pd |issibs  dfi odfknfnf` k okndfiuoekf`i qisnf nf ei e~cqd`if %E . ldqg kfc ei deiq  odfknfnf` kf kfndf qisnf nf ei e~cqdu~b %DE . ldqg& Pkiq lbdps eqdy`e ei okndf odbygf" peiqiyxdf kbb ei okndfs kqi iuoekf`ic ldq e~cqd`if ndfs& Sd miix ei pkiq ibioqnokbb~ akbkfoic" ldq i|iq~ gdfd|kbif okndf" i&`& Fk " dfi e~cqd`if ndf ns iuoekf`ic kfc ldq 11i|iq~ cn|kbif okndf" i&`& Ok " dq G` " pd e~cqd`if ndfs kqi iuoekf`ic& Sei skgi xqnfonxbi kxxbnis peif odfsnciqnf` kfndf iuoekf`i& Sei ciokndfnsic pkiq eif lbdps eqdy`e ei kfndf odbygf& Sens ngi" kbb ei fi`kn|ib~ oekq`ic ndfs kqi iuoekf`ic ldq e~cqdunci ndfs penoe eif odganfi pne ei e~cqd`if ndfs d ldqg pkiq %E1D.&  Gnuic'aic cindfnzkndf

Nf gnuicaic cindfnziqs ei okndfiuoekf`i kfc kfndf iuoekf`i qisnfs kqi nfngkib~ gnuic kfc odfknfic nf k snf`bi xqissyqi |issib& Sei edqdy`e gnuyqi dl okndfiuoekf`iqs kfc kfndfiuoekf`iqs nf k snf`bi odbygf gkmis k gnuicaic cindfnziq i{yn|kbif d k bif`e~ siqnis dl pdaic xbkfs& Ks k qisyb" ei pkiq {ykbn~ daknfic lqdg k gnuicaic cindfnziq ns kxxqionkab~ en`eiq ekf ek xqdcyoic a~ pdaic xbkfs&

90

 XKOMK@NF@ DL KBODEDBNO  KBODEDBNO   AI\IQK@I_  AI\IQK@I_  Mi~ xkqkgiiqs xkqk giiqs d ai odfsnciqic odfsnc iqic peif pe if sibionf` k xkomk`nf` x komk`nf` s~sig  kqi:

‡ Xqdoiss bnli qi{ynqigifs" bi`nsbkndf ‡ Cnsqnayndf" seibl bnli ‡ Xqdcyo odgxdsnndf kfc {ykbn~ ks xqdcyoic kfc k lybb seiblbnli ‡ Xqdcyo xqdiondf qi{ynqic cyqnf` sdqk`i" cnsqnayndf kfc qiknb skbi ‡ Xkom snzi" xqnfnf` dxndfs" cnsxbk~ io& ‡ Xkomnf` s~sig odfoix" kydgkndf dxndfs" kanbn~ d nfi`qki pne iunsnf` kfc$dq lyyqi s~sigs ‡ Odfsygiq kxxikb" ngk`i dl xqdcyo kfc xkomnf`  Kc|kfk`is dl XIS odfknfiq kqi:

‡ _yxiqndq xkomk`nf` d xqdcyo qknd: XIS odfknfiq ainf`
95

Sei qisnfs ysic nf XIS adbis d xkom okqadfkic cqnfms kqi dl k |iq~ sxionkb {ykbn~& Sei XIS adbis ek|i d ai iuqigib~ sqdf` d odfknf ei nfiqfkb xqissyqi dl OD1 pnedy cnsdqndf kfc iuxkfsndf& Sens ns daknfic a~ ysnf` k qisnf" penoe eks en`e nfqnfsno |nsodsn~ kfc bdpiq odxdb~giq bi|ibs&  Xkomk`nf` Gkiqnkbs ldq Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is Kbodedbno cqnfms dqn`nfkic eqdy`e ei kondf dl ~iks oibbs df sy`kq odfknfnf` bn{yncs& Kbodedbno cqnfms kqi kqdgkno bn{yncs pne sxionlnic kbodedb odfif& _dgi mnfcs odfknf okqadf cndunci" deiqs k {ykfn~ dl  sy`kq& Sei~ kqi ineiq lqyn$skx aksic dq `qknf aksic& Sei~ okf ineiq ai fdfcnsnbbic dq cnsnbbic cixifcnf` df ei |dbygi xiqoifk`i dl  kbodedb xiq bniq& Sei adqciq aipiif ei pd mnfcs dl cqnfm ns kady 18)& Sei cnlliqif ~xis dl kbodedbno ai|iqk`is kqi aiiq" pnfi" pensmi~" aqkfc~ io&  Cnsnbbic Kbodedbno Ai|iqk`is Seisi cqnfms kqi daknfic a~ cnsnbbkndf dl kbodedb odfknfnf` cqnfms& Cyqnf` cnsnbbkndf ei k{yidys xkq ns sixkqkic lqdg ei kbodedb& Sei cnsnbbkis daknfic kqi sdbc yfciq si|iqkb fkgis bnmi aqkfc~" `nf" pensm~ od`fko" |dcmk" io kfc ek|i cnlliqif kbodedb xiqoifk`i& Aiokysi dl einq en`e kbodedb xiqoifk`is" eisi bn{ydqs kqi gdsb~ xkomic nf `bkss adbis sd ek ei~ okf ai mix ldq kf nflnfni ngi kliq dxifnf`& Sei adbis kqi sikbic d xqi|if kbodedb lqdg i|kxdqknf` kfc d xqdio ei odfifs dl ei adbis lqdg cnq kfc cys&

9>

Lyfondfs dl xkomk`nf`

Xe~snokb xqdiondf  Sei lddc ifobdsic nf ei xkomk`i gk~ qi{ynqi xqdiondf lqdg" kgdf` deiq enf`s" sedom" |naqkndf" odgxqissndf" igxiqkyqi" io& Akqqniq xqdiondf  K akqqniq lqdg du~`if" pkiq |kxdyq" cys" io&" ns dlif qi{ynqic& Xiqgikndf ns k oqnnokb lkodq nf cisn`f& _dgi xkomk`is odfknf cisnookfs dq Du~`if kasdqaiqs d eibx iuifc seibl  bnli& Gdcnlnic kgdsxeiqis dq odfqdbbic kgdsxeiqis kqi kbsd gknfknfic nf sdgi lddc xkomk`is& Miixnf` ei odfifs obikf" lqise" kfc skli ldq ei nfifcic seibl bnli ns k xqngkq~ lyfondf& Odfknfgif dq k``bdgiqkndf  _gkbb nigs kqi ~xnokbb~ `qdyxic d`ieiq nf dfi xkomk`i ldq qiksdfs dl illnonifo~& Xdpciqs" kfc `qkfybkq gkiqnkbs fiic odfknfgif& Nfldqgkndf qkfsgnssndf  Xkomk`is kfc bkaibs odggyfnoki edp d ysi" qkfsxdq" qio~obi" dq cnsxdsi dl ei xkomk`i dq xqdcyo& _dgi ~xis dl nfldqgkndf kqi qi{ynqic a~ `d|iqfgifs& Gkqminf`  Sei xkomk`nf` kfc bkaibs okf ai ysic a~ gkqmiiqs d ifodyqk`i xdifnkb ay~iqs d xyqoeksi ei xqdcyo& Xkomk`i cisn`f eks aiif kf ngxdqkf kfc odfskfb~ i|db|nf` xeifdgifdf ldq si|iqkb ciokcis& Gkqminf` odggyfnokndfs kfc `qkxeno cisn`f kqi kxxbnic d ei syqlkoi dl ei xkomk`i kfc %nf gkf~ oksis. ei xdnf dl  skbi cnsxbk~& _ioyqn~  Xkomk`nf` okf xbk~ kf ngxdqkf qdbi nf qicyonf` ei sioyqn~ qnsms dl senxgif& Xkomk`is okf ai gkci pne ngxqd|ic kgxiq qisnskfoi d ciiq kgxiqnf` kfc kbsd okf ek|i kgxiqi|ncif likyqis d eibx nfcnoki kgxiqnf`& Xkomk`is okf ai if`nfiiqic d eibx qicyoi ei qnsms dl xkomk`i dl  xkomk`i xnbliqk`i& <8

_dgi xkomk`i odfsqyondfs kqi gdqi qisnskf d xnbliqk`i kfc sdgi ek|i xnbliqic nfcnoknf` sikbs& Xkomk`is gk~ nfobyci kyeifnokndf sikbs d eibx nfcnoki ek ei xkomk`i kfc odfifs kqi fd odyfiqlin& Xkomk`is kbsd okf nfobyci kfneil ci|nois" syoe ks c~ixkoms" QLNC k`s" dq ibioqdfno kqnobi syq|inbbkfoi k`s" ek okf ai kon|kic dq ciioic a~ ci|nois k iun xdnfs kfc qi{ynqi sxionkbnzic ddbs d cikon|ki& Ysnf` xkomk`nf` nf ens pk~ ns k gikfs dl qiknb bdss xqi|ifndf& Odf|ifnifoi  Xkomk`is okf ek|i likyqis penoe kcc odf|ifnifoi nf cnsqnayndf" ekfcbnf`" skomnf`" cnsxbk~" skbi" dxifnf`" qiobdsnf`" ysi" kfc qiysi& Xdqndf odfqdb  _nf`bi siq|nf` xkomk`nf` eks k xqionsi kgdyf dl  odfifs d odfqdb ysk`i& Aybm odggdcnnis %syoe ks skb. okf ai cn|ncic nfd xkomk`is ek kqi k gdqi synkabi snzi ldq nfcn|ncykb edysiedbcs& N kbsd kncs ei odfqdb dl nf|ifdq~: sibbnf` sikbic dfi bniqadbis dl gnbm" qkeiq ekf ek|nf` xidxbi aqnf` einq dpf adbis d lnbb eigsib|is&

Xkomk`i ci|ibdxgif odfsnciqkndfs

 Xqi|ifndf  ‟  Pksi xqi|ifndf ns k xqngkq~ `dkb& Xkomk`nf` sedybc ai ysic dfb~ peiqi fiicic& Xqdxiq xkomk`nf` okf kbsd eibx xqi|if pksi& Xkomk`nf` xbk~s kf ngxdqkf xkq nf xqi|ifnf` bdss dq ckgk`i d ei xkomk`icxqdcyo %odfifs.& Ysykbb~" ei ifiq`~ odfif kfc gkiqnkb ysk`i dl ei xqdcyo ainf` xkomk`ic kqi gyoe `qikiq ekf ek dl ei xkomk`i& K |nkb lyfondf dl ei xkomk`i ns d xqdio ei xqdcyo ldq ns nfifcic ysi: nl ei xqdcyo ns ckgk`ic dq ci`qkcic" ns ifnqi ifiq`~ kfc gkiqnkb odfif gk~ ai bds& <;

 Gnfngnzkndf  ‟  %kbsd !sdyqoi qicyondf!. ei gkss kfc |dbygi dl  xkomk`nf` %xiq yfn dl odfifs. okf ai giksyqic kfc ysic ks dfi dl  ei oqniqnk d gnfngnzi cyqnf` ei xkomk`i cisn`f xqdoiss& Ysykbb~ ’qicyoic“ xkomk`nf` kbsd eibxs gnfngnzi odss& X komk`nf` if`nfiiqs odfnfyi d pdqm dpkqc qicyoic xkomk`nf`&  Qiysi  ‟  Sei qiysi dl k xkomk`i dq odgxdfif ldq deiq xyqxdsis ns ifodyqk`ic& Qiyqfkabi xkomk`nf` eks bdf` aiif ysilyb %kfc iodfdgnokbb~ |nkabi. ldq obdsic bddx bd`nsnos s~sigs& Nfsxiondf" obikfnf`" qixknq kfc qiodyxiqk`i kqi dlif fiicic& _dgi gkfylkoyqiqs qiysi ei xkomk`nf` dl ei nfodgnf` xkqs ldq k xqdcyo" ineiq ks xkomk`nf` ldq ei dy`dnf` xqdcyo dq ks xkq dl ei ];5W xqdcyo nsibl &  Qio~obnf`  ‟ Qio~obnf` ns ei qixqdoissnf` dl gkiqnkbs %xqi kfc xds odfsygiq. nfd fip xqdcyos& Igxeksns ns ldoysic df qio~obnf` ei bkq`is xqngkq~ odgxdfifs dl k xkomk`i: siib" kbygnfyg" xkxiqs" xbksnos" io& _gkbb odgxdfifs okf ai oedsif penoe kqi fd cnllnoyb d sixkqki kfc cd fd odfkgnfki qio~obnf` dxiqkndfs&  Ifiq`~ qiod|iq~  ‟  Pksidifiq`~ kfc Qilysiciqn|ic lyib nf kxxqd|ic lkonbnnis kqi kabi d gkmi ysi dl ei eik k|knbkabi lqdg ei xkomk`nf` odgxdfifs&  Cnsxdskb   ‟  Nfonfiqkndf" kfc xbkoigif nf k skfnkq~ bkfclnbb kqi fiicic ldq sdgi gkiqnkbs& Oiqknf skis pnenf ei Y_ qi`ybki xkomk`is ldq duno odfifs" penoe ek|i ei xdifnkb d odfkgnfki ];>W ignssndfs kfc kse lqdg nfonfiqkndf kfc bikoeki lqdg bkfclnbb & Xkomk`is sedybc fd ai bniqic& Ci|ibdxgif dl  sysknfkabi xkomk`nf` ns kf kqik dl odfsnciqkabi nfiqis a~ skfckqcs dq`kfnzkndfs" `d|iqfgif" odfsygiqs" xkomk`iqs" kfc qiknbiqs

<1

Adbnf` Xbkf  Fnodb―s cnsnbbiq~ eks _ign Kydgkno adbnf` xbkf& Sei xbkf eks si|if adbnf` lnbbnf` bnfis& Seqii NGLB kfc ldyq Odyfq~ Bn{ydq bnfis ns pdqmnf`& Cnsnbbic sxnqns qiko yxdf iuxdsyqi d gkf~ syaskfois" iuqkonf` gkiqnkbs lqdg ei odfknfiq ek ifc d cisqd~ ei bn{ydq kqdgk kfc lbk|dyq& Ldq ens qiksdf" `bkss" ainf` fdfqikon|i" eks aiif ei yfn|iqskb odfknfiq ldq xkomk`nf` kbodedbno bn{ydqs& %K lip xqdcyos kqi fdp xkomk`ic nf xbksno adbis" ay eisi kqi xqngkqnb~ 98gnbbnbnqi gnfnkyqis" ei bn`e pin`e dl penoe ns xkqnoybkqb~ synic ldq ysi a~ knqbnfis&. Ikqb~ ekfc giedcs dl lnbbnf`" bkaibnf`" odqmnf`" kfc deiq dxiqkndfs ek|i aiif qixbkoic a~ en`eb~ gioekfnzic adbnf` bnfis" pne adbis obikfic" lnbbic" okxxic" sikbic" kfc bkaibic k k qki ks en`e ks 58 adbis xiq gnfyi& Sens xqd`qiss aiokgi xdssnabi pne ei ci|ibdxgif dl en`esqif`e `bkss" xbksno obdsyqis pne nfiq bnfiqs" kfc en`esxiic gkoenfis&

S~xi ' _ign Kydgkno  Bif`e Pksenf` Oeknf Odf|i~dq ' 5 l  Oeknf Odf|i~dq ' ;< l   Aib Odf|i~dq ' 13 l  Spd Lnbbnf` Gkoenfi ' <'5 Eikc  _ikbnf` Gkoenfi ' 1'?  Nfsxiondf _oqiif ' 1  Bkaibbnf` ' Gkfykbb~


Okxkon~ [ykqs ' 588 oksis$5eq   " Lnbbnf`$gnfyi 7 08'58 adbi %;58gb.

 Xnfs ' <88 oksis$5 eq   " Lnbbnf`$gnfyi 7 19'?8 adbi %?09gb.  Fnxs ' 388 oksis$5 eq   " Lnbbnf`$gnfyi 7 5';8 adbi %098gb.

Pksenf` _iondf

Pi skq pne igx~ adbis ekf nfsxio ikoe adbi kfc pkseic lnqsb~ pne pkiq" oeignokbs ekf k`knf obikfnf` pne pkiq nf pksenf` oekgaiq kfc xy eig nfd oeknf odf|i~dq ldq lnbbnf` ei bn{ydq& Lnbbnf` _iondf&

Kliq ei pksenf` dl adbis bn{ydq ns lnbbnf` a~ ei lnbbiq pne ei eibx dl <5 lnbbnf` eikc gkoenfi& Fi pin`e lnbbnf` ns ei dfb~ lnbbnf` ioefn{yi ek odfqdbs ei {ykfn~ dl xqdcyo peif lnbbic nf ei adbi kfc fd yxsqikg& Sens `n|is ei oiqknf~ d lnbb i|iq~ adbi a~ ei fdgnfkb {ykfn~& Kliq lnbbnf`" adbi ns `dfi d ei okxxnf` , nfsxiondf siondf&

<3

Okxxnf` , _ikbnf` _iondf

Nf ens siondf lnqsb~ adbi okxxic a~ pdqmiq kfc eif sikbic a~ sign kydgkno sikbnf` gkoenfi& _ikbic adbi xkssis eqdy`e ei oeknf odf|i~dq dpkqcs nfsxiondf siondf& Nfsxiondf , Bkaibbnf` _iondf

Nf ens siondf sikbic adbi ns nfsxioic nf Y\ Qk~" nl kf~ deiq yfpkfic odfsnyif ldyfc nf adbi ekf n ns `dnf` d qio~obi& Nl  adbi lqii lqdg kf~ deiq odfsnyif eif `dnf` dpkqcs bkaibbnf` a~ ei aib odf|i~dq& Sei bkaibbnf` xqdoiss ns cdfi a~ gkfykbb~& Kliq bkaibbnf`" adbi ns `dnf` dpkqcs xkomk`nf` siondf&

Xkomk`nf` dl NGLB Adbis ’Xkomk`nf` ns ei sonifoi" kq kfc ioefdbd`~ dl ifobdsnf` dq xqdionf` xqdcyos ldq cnsqnayndf" sdqk`i" skbi" kfc ysi& Xkomk`nf` kbsd qiliqs d ei  xqdoiss dl cisn`f" i|kbykndf" kfc xqdcyondf dl  xkomk`is& Xkomk`nf` okf ai cisoqnaic ks k oddqcnfkic s~sig dl  xqixkqnf` `ddcs ldq qkfsxdq" pkqiedysnf`" bd`nsnos" skbi" kfc ifc ysi& Xkomk`nf` odfknfs" xqdios" xqisiq|is" qkfsxdqs" nfldqgs" kfc sibbs“& <9

Okqdf _nzi dl Nfcnkf Gkci Ldqin`f Bn{ydq ldq Xkomk`nf`

S~xis

_nzi %BÐAÐE.

Xkqnndf %BÐAÐE.

Xbki %BÐA.

Okxkon Xqnfnf ~ `

098GB Aqkfc~ 098GB Pensm~ 098GB @nf , \dcmk 098GB Qyg

?38Ð138Ð1>8

??8Ð118Ð;09 ??8Ð1?8

?38Ð138Ð1>8

??8Ð118Ð;09 ??8Ð1?8

?38Ð1?9Ð108

?;8Ð118Ð;09 ?;8Ð118

?59Ð159Ð119

?<8Ð108Ð188 ?<8Ð108

;888GB Aqkfc~ , Pensm~ ;888GB Kbb Aqkfc XIS ;58GB Aqkfc~ ;58GB Pensm~" @nf \dcmk , Qyg ?09GB Aqkfc~ ?09GB Pensm~" @nf \dcmk , Qyg >8GB Aqkfc~ , Pensm~

1>9Ð1>9Ð1<9

109Ð109Ð;09 158Ð158

?88Ð199Ð?11

1>9Ð1?8Ð;58 1>9Ð1?8

;1Ð;888

398Ð?38Ð;01

3?9Ð?18Ð;38 3?9Ð?18

35Ð;58

338Ð?;9Ð;98

319Ð?88Ð;18 319Ð?88

35Ð;58

3?8Ð159Ð1;9

318Ð1<9Ð;58 318Ð1<9

13Ð?09

?08Ð1>8Ð;>8

?98Ð108Ð;?8 ?98Ð108

13Ð?09

988Ð189Ð119

358Ð;>8Ð;88 358Ð;>8

><Ð>8

;1Ð098

Cdyabi odbdyq ;1Ð098 Cdyabi odbdyq ;1Ð098 Cdyabi odbdyq ;1Ð098 Cdyabi odbdyq ;1Ð;888 Cdyabi odbdyq Cdyabi odbdyq Cdyabi odbdyq Cdyabi odbdyq

Cdyabi odbdyq Cdyabi odbdyq

Cdyabi odbdyq

<<

YSNBNSNI_  Adnbiq Sei adnbiq ysic nf Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic ns lnqi yai" Bkfoksenqi ~xi adnbiq& Sei lyib ysic nf adnbiq ns xiqdbiyg odom kfc and`ks %OE 3.& Sei okbdqnlno |kbyi dl lyib ns 5898 Mokb$`g 1 kfc ei xqissiq dl adnbiq kady 1;m`$og & Lnqsb~ `ifiqkic sikg ns skyqkic , n igxiqkyqi ns 119ºO kfc syxiq eikic a~ syxiq eikiq" peiqi n igxiqkyqi ns 101ºO& _xionlnokndf dl Adnbiq S~xi  Lnqi Syai Okxkon~  ;1 df ? Eik Sqkfsliq Kqik  388 g Fd& Dl Syais  ?88?98 Lqkfoi igxiqkyqi  ;188ºO E Pkiq ysic  CG pkiq x 6 >

Kooissdqnis Ldqoi cqkl lkf  38 EX Nfcyoi cqkl lkf  58 EX Liic xygx  38 EX Gybn o~obdfi  1

Oddbnf` Sdpiq _xionlnokndf dl Oddbnf` Sdpiq S~xi  Cdyabi Lbdp Nfcyoic Cqkl ? Okxkon~  188 g  $eq Cisn`f  Oqdss Lbdp Nfbi Sigxiqkyqi  3839ºo Dybi Sigxiqkyqi  ?8?1ºo Pkiq Xqddl Lkf Gddq  ;9 EX S~xi dl Lkf Cqn|i  Cnqio Cqn|i <0

ODFOBY_NDF  Sei gknf kng dl  Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic  ns d dxngnznf` ei syxxb~ dl bn{ydq nf Ykq Xqkcise , deiq ski ns d gkmi bn{ydq k|knbkabi d ei Kqg~ , Xkqk gnbnkq~ k ei qn`e xbkoi" nf qn`e {ykfn~" nf qn`e {ykbn~ kfc k ei qn`e ngi& Sei xqdcyos dl Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic kqi ysic ks qkcnndfkb xyqxdsi n&i& xkq~" gkqqnk`i" anqeck~ io&

Sei Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic ns snykic lkq lqdg on~& _d eiqi ns fd oekfoi d xdbbyi ei on~ kfc cnsnbbiq~ eks kf Nflbyif Sqikgif Xbkf" ped odf|iqs ei sxif pkse nfd And @ks , And Liqnbnsiq& Kliq qikgif sxif pkse odf|iq nfd qikic pkiq& Sei xkomk`nf` dl adbi ns koodqcnf` d odfsygiq" fdp ck~s ei bn{ydq ns xkomk`i nf XIS adbi ldq biss if|nqdfgifkb xdbbyndf&

_d Fkndfkb Nfcysqnkb Odqxdqkndf Bngnic ns k `ddc cnsnbbiq~ ldq if|nqdfgif kfc ek|i oiqnlnoki lqdg fkndfkb skli~ , ekzkqc odyfonb&

<5