Guidelines for Transportation Engineering Survey
Transport Research Laboratory 2017
Edited by
:
Yodya Yola Pertiwi, S.T., M.Sc. Silvanus Nohan R, S.T., M.T. Robby Yudo Purnomo, S.T.
Acknowledge by
:
Ir. Tri Tjahjono, M.Sc., Ph.D. Ir. Ellen Sophie Tangkudung, M.S. Ir. Alan Marino, M.Sc. Ir. Heddy R. Agah, M.Eng Ir. Alvinsyah, M.Sc.
Module 1 Spot Speed (Manual Method) Objective Determine the spot speed of particular road segment and develop a cumulative speed distribution curve Equipment 1. 2. 3. 4.
Measuring Tape Stopwatch Survey Form Stationary
Data Requirement 1.
Travel time (s)
Procedures
Determine the location of the survey and measure and measure the length of the road that will be used as survey road segment Table 1 Recommended Trap Length Average Speed of Traffic (km/h)
Recommended Trap Length (meter)
<40
25
40-65
50
>65
75
Mark the start and end point of the road segment
Stay in such a good position so that can see the upcoming vehicles clearly
Start and stop the stopwatch as the vehicles enters and departs the starting and ending points of the marked section
Write down the data collection in the worksheet
Data Processing
Convert all the data into appropriate required data (s into km/h)
Where: 𝑉 = spot speed (km/h) 𝐷 = the trap length (meter) 𝑇 = the travel time of each vehicle which is pass the trap length (second)
Make a frequency distribution table to determine speed percentiles
Speed (mph)
Frequency of Vehicles
Cumulative Frequency
Cumulative Percent
15
1
1
1%
18
2
3
3%
21
6
9
9%
24
12
21
21%
27
13
34
34%
30
20
54
54%
33
18
72
72%
36
14
86
86%
39
6
92
92%
42
6
98
98%
45
1
99
99%
48
1
100
100%
Speed Percentile
50th
85th
Determine the 50th and 85th percentile speed from the cumulative percent column
Where: 𝑆𝐷 = Speed 𝑃𝐷 = Percentile desired 𝑃𝑚in = Higher cumulative percent 𝑃𝑚ax = Lower cumulative percent 𝑆𝑚ax = Higher speed 𝑆𝑚in = Lower speed
Future Readings
CTRE. 2009. Traffic Studies Module 2: Spot Speed. Iowa State University. Institute for Transportation Link : http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/traffichandbook/2SpotSpeed.pdf (last accessed L 24 Augsut 2015)
MassSAFE 2005. Spot Speed Study Workshop Instruction Manual. University of Massachusetts, Amberst. Link : http://bit.ly/massSAFEspotspeed (last accessed : 24 August 2015)
Roess, R. 2011. Traffic Engineering 4th Edition. New York. United States
Khisty, J; Mohammadi, J. 2012. Systems Engineering with Economics, Probability, and Statistics 2nd Edition. Fort Lauderdale. J.Ross Publishing
WORKSHEET 1 SPOT SPEED STUDY Date Locations Duration
No
: : : Spot Speed (km/h) MC
LV
HV
No
1
26
2
27
3
28
4
29
5
30
6
31
7
32
8
33
9
34
10
35
11
36
12
37
13
38
14
39
15
40
16
41
17
42
18
43
19
44
20
45
21
46
22
47
23
48
24
49
25
50
Spot Speed (km/h) MC
LV
HV
Module 2 Spot Speed (Automatic Method) Objective Determine the spot speed of particular point of road segment and develop a cumulative speed distribution curve Equipment 1. Speed Gun 2. Survey Form 3. Stationary Data Requirement 1.
Vehicles Speed (km/h)
Procedures
Determine the location of the survey and determine the spot to shoot the vehicles
Stay in such a good position so that can see the upcoming vehicles clearly
Press the speed gun as the vehicles pass by to determine the speed of the vehicles
Write down the data collection in the worksheet
Data Processing
Make a frequency distribution table to determine speed percentiles Speed (mph)
Frequency of Vehicles
Cumulative Frequency
Cumulative Percent
15
1
1
1%
18
2
3
3%
21
6
9
9%
24
12
21
21%
27
13
34
34%
30
20
54
54%
33
18
72
72%
36
14
86
86%
39
6
92
92%
42
6
98
98%
45
1
99
99%
48
1
100
100%
Speed Percentile
50th
85th
Determine the 50th and 85th percentile speed from the cumulative percent column
Where: 𝑆𝐷 = Speed 𝑃𝐷 = Percentile desired 𝑃𝑚in = Higher cumulative percent 𝑃𝑚ax = Lower cumulative percent 𝑆𝑚ax = Higher speed 𝑆𝑚in = Lower speed
Future Readings
CTRE. 2009. Traffic Studies Module 2: Spot Speed. Iowa State University. Institute for Transportation Link : http://www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/traffichandbook/2SpotSpeed.pdf (last accessed : 24 Augsut 2015)
MassSAFE 2005. Spot Speed Study Workshop Instruction Manual. University of Massachusetts, Amberst. Link : http://bit.ly/massSAFEspotspeed (last accessed : 24 August 2015)
Roess, R. 2011. Traffic Engineering 4th Edition. New York. United States
Khisty, J; Mohammadi, J. 2012. Systems Engineering with Economics, Probability, and Statistics 2nd Edition. Fort Lauderdale. J.Ross Publishing
WORKSHEET 1 SPOT SPEED STUDY Date Locations Duration
No
: : : Spot Speed (km/h) MC
LV
HV
No
1
26
2
27
3
28
4
29
5
30
6
31
7
32
8
33
9
34
10
35
11
36
12
37
13
38
14
39
15
40
16
41
17
42
18
43
19
44
20
45
21
46
22
47
23
48
24
49
25
50
Spot Speed (km/h) MC
LV
HV
Module 3 Traffic Counting (Highway Capacity Manual) Objective Determine the capacity and the performance (Level of Service) of particular road segment based on Highway Capacity Manual 2010 Equipment 1. Counter 2. Survey Form 3. Stopwatch 4. Stationary 5. Measuring Tape Data Requirement 1. Volume of vehicles (pch) 2. Lane width (ft) 3. Left-side lateral clearance (ft) 4. Peak Hour Factor (PHF) : 0.85 – 0.98 5. Road classification (number of lane and direction) Procedures
Determine the location of the survey and determine the spot to count the upcoming vehicles
Stay in such a good position so that can see the upcoming vehicles clearly
Count or record every passing vehicle based on vehicles classification (motorcycle, passenger car, heavy vehicles)
Do the counting process until the specified duration (15 or 30 minutes)
Data Processing
Compute Free Flow Speed (FFS)
Where, FFS fLW fLC TRD
= FFS of basic freeway segment (mi/h) = adjustment for lane width (mi/h) = adjustment for left-side lateral clearance (mi/h) = total ramp density
Select FFS curve based on the FFS calculation before (exhibit 11-3)
Adjust demand volume by consider adjustment factor for heavy vehicles
Where, vp V PHF N
= demand flow rate under equivalent base conditions (pc/h/ln) = demand volume under prevailing conditions (ve/h) = peak hour factor = number of lanes in analysis direction
fHV fp
= adjustment factor for presence of heavy vehicles in traffic stream = adjustment factor for unfamiliar driver population
Where, fHV Pt PR Et Er
= heacy-vehicle adjustment factor = proportion of trucks and buses in traffic stream = proportion of RV in traffic stream = passenger-car equivalent (PCE) of one truck or bus in traffic stream = PCE of one RV in traffic stream
Estimate speed and density
D vp S
= Density (pc/mi/ln) = demand flow rate (pc/h/ln) = mean speed of traffic stream under based conditions (mi/h)
Determine LoS
Future Readings
CTRE. 2009. Traffic Studies Module 3: Traffic Volume Count. Iowa State University. Institute for Transportation Link : www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/traffichandbook/3trafficcounts.pdf (last accessed: 24 August 2015)
Leduc, Guillaume. 2008. Road Traffic Data: Collection Methods and Applications. European Commission. Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Link: ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC47967.TN.pdf (last accessed: 24 August 2015)
Transportation Research Board. 2010. Highway Capacity Manual Volume 2 : Uninterrupted Flow. TRB. Washington DC
WORKSHEET 2 TRAFFIC COUNTING Time Date/Month/Year Weather From To Location Surveyor
15 mins
Time
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Total
: : : : : : : Passenger Car, Jeep, Pick up
Public Transportation, Minibus
Small Bus (Elf, Colt, L-300)
Big Buses
Truck (2 as)
Truck (3 as)
Motorcycle
Unmotorized
Module 4 Traffic Counting (Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia) Objective Determine the capacity and the performance (Level of Service) of particular road segment based on Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia (MKJI) 1997 Equipment 1. Counter 2. Survey Form 3. Stopwatch 4. Stationary 5. Measuring Tape Data Requirement 1. Volume of vehicles (pch) 2. Road wide (m) Procedures
Determine the location of the survey and determine the spot to count the upcoming vehicles
Stay in such a good position so that can see the upcoming vehicles clearly
Count or record every passing vehicle based on vehicles classification (motorcycle, passenger car, heavy vehicles)
Do the counting process until the specified duration (15 or 30 minutes)
Data Processing
Classify vehicles into 3 group (Light Vehicles, Heavy Vehicles, and Motorcycle)
Count the number of vehicle based on the result of the survey
Count the traffic flow (Q) and the capacity (C) Q = QLV + (QHV x pceHV) + (QMC x pceMC) C = Co x FCW x FCSP x FCSF x FCCS Where, C = Capacity (pcph) Co = base capacity (pcph) FCW = Adjustment factor for wide road FCSP = Adjustment factor for separation direction (only for undivided roads) FCSF = Adjustment factor for side barriers and roadside FCCS = Adjustment factor for city size
Determine degree of saturation (DS)
Determine the Level of Service (LoS0 of the road
Compare the result with LoS from previous survey
DS = Q/C
Future Readings
CTRE. 2009. Traffic Studies Module 3: Traffic Volume Count. Iowa State University. Institute for Transportation
Link : www.ctre.iastate.edu/pubs/traffichandbook/3trafficcounts.pdf (last accessed: 24 August 2015)
Leduc, Guillaume. 2008. Road Traffic Data: Collection Methods and Applications. European Commission. Joint Research Centre – Institute for Prospective Technological Studies Link: ftp.jrc.es/EURdoc/JRC47967.TN.pdf (last accessed: 24 August 2015)
SWEROAD and PT Bina Marga. 1997. Manual Kapasitas Jalan Indonesia. Jakarta. Direktorat Jenderal Bina Marga
WORKSHEET 2 TRAFFIC COUNTING Time Date/Month/Year Weather From To Location Surveyor
15 mins
Time
1st 2nd 3rd 4th 5th 6th Total
: : : : : : : Passenger Car, Jeep, Pick up
Public Transportation, Minibus
Small Bus (Elf, Colt, L-300)
Big Buses
Truck (2 as)
Truck (3 as)
Motorcycle
Unmotorized
Module 5 Travel Time Objective To evaluate the traffic movement quality along a route and to determine the location type, and length of traffic Equipment 1. 2. 3. 4.
Test Vehicles Stopwatch Survey Form Stationery
Data Requirement 1. 2. 3. 4.
Travel Time (minutes) Distance (m) Stop and/or Delay Time (m) Traffic Volume a. Opposing traffic b. Overtaking traffic c. Passed traffic
Procedures
Marked the start and end point of the road that observed
Activate the stopwatch to record the travel time
Write and record for every check point in accordance with operational criteria
Record the duration of the stop using stopwatch, the location, time, and the reason of obstacles
See and count the vehicles that pass (P), oppose (M), and Overtake (O)
Switch off the stopwatch and write down the total travel time from starting point to end point
Data Processing
Calculate the speed of the vehicles for every travel time S = 60.D / T Where, S = Travel Speed (km/h) D = Length of the study (km) T = Travel Time (hr)
Calculate the average of travel time and space mean speed S = 60.N.D / T Where, S = Average Travel Speed (km/h) D = Length of the study (km) T = Total Travel Time (hr)
N
= Number of the test
Calculate the traffic volume V= Where, V M O P T1, T2
60 (O+M-P) T1+T2
= Traffic Volume (Veh/Km/h) = Opposing vehcles = Overtaking vehicles = Passed vehicles = Travel Time (minus delayed time)
Future Readings
Roess, R. 2011. Traffic Engineering 4th Edition. New York. United States
Travel
Time
Data
Collection
Handbook
(https://www.fhwa.dot.gov/ohim/tvtw/natmec/00020.pdf)
–
FHWA-PL-98-035
City Date/Month/Year Time Started at
WORKSHEET 3 MOVING OBSERVER FORM Route Surveyor Time Ended on
: : : Route
No
From
: : : Total Vehicles
To
Overtaking
Opposing
Passing
Module 6 Parking Study Objective To evaluate the characteristics of an existing parking area to determine the demand and supply of the parking area Equipment 1. 2. 3.
Stopwatch Survey Form Stationary
Data Requirement 1. Number of vehicles (in/out) 2. Number of parking slot 3. Duration of parking (hr) Procedures
Determine the location of the survey (middle size parking area)
Count and record the entering and departing vehicles in the parking area
Data Processing
Calculate parking volume Volume = Nin + X Where, Nin = Number of entering vehicles X = Number of existing/stayed vehicles
Calculate parking accumulation Ai = Ai-1 + Ii – Oi Where, Ai Ai-1 Ii Oi
= Accumulation in ith period (veh) = Accumulation in i-1th period (veh) = Entering vehicles in ith period (veh) = Departing vehicle in ith period (veh)
Calculate the average of parking duration D= Where, D Nx X I Nt
(Nx).(X).(I) (Nt)
= Average of parking duration (hr/veh) = Number of vehicles that park during the survey period (veh) = Number of period/interval = Duration survey (hr) = Number of total vehicles during survey period
Category 1 2 3 4
Information Short Term Duration (<30 minutes) Middle Term Duration (2-4 hours) Long Term Duration (12-16 Hours) More than one night
Determine parking index
Parking Index =
Parking Accumulation Parking Capacity
Where, PI < 1, parking facility has no problems, where parking demand do not exceed parking supply/capacity PI = 1, parking demand meet the equilibrium with parking supply/capacity PI > 1, parking facility has problems, where parking demand exceed parking supply/capacity
Calculate parking turnover
TR = Where, TR Nt S Ts
S.Ts
= Parking Turnover (veh/slot/hr) = Number of total vehicles during survey period (veh) = Number of parking slot = Duration of analysis/survey (hr) Category Low Turnover Medium Turnover
Example All-day parking Parking duration between 2-12 hours (apartment and hotel) Short term parking duration (Department Store)
High Turnover
Nt
Determine Activity Parking Index Turnover Rate
API = Average Parking Duration x Parking Index
Determine Static Parking Capacity
Determine Dynamic Parking Capacity
DPC = Static Parking Capacity x
Survey Period Parking Duration
Determine Parking Level of Service (LOS) by calculate Volume to Capacity Ratio (V/C Ratio) Parking Volume
V/C Ratio = Dynamic Capacity Future Readings
Iitb.vlab.co.in. 2011. Parking Analysis. NME ICT Initiative of MHRD (Licensing Terms) Link : iitb.vlab.co.in/?sub=42&brch=132&sim=466&cnt=1 (last accessed: 24 August 2015)
Abubakar, I. 1998. Pedoman Perencanaan dan pengoperasian Fasilitas Parkir. Jakarta. Direktorat Bina Sistem Lalu Lintas dan Angkutan Kota Direktorat Jenderal Perhubungan
Oppenlander, J; Box. P. 1976. Manual of Traffic Engineering Studies 4 th Edition. Washington DC. Institute of Transportation Engneering Washington DC
WORKSHEET 4 PARKING STUDY Date Day Starting Time Location Time
: : : : In
Out
Accumulation
Occupancy
Parking Load
