Tradições Navais Completo.docx-watermark

JIVXMFQÇÄM Ms `mbais fm blr, `ì bujtms sêdunms, våb drjlifm imbas plrl jfaitjcjdlr ls fjvarsls plrtas fms ilvjms a fasjgilr l prlxa fa suls lçñas ls quljs, panl rapatjçäm, tmrilrlb-sa dmstubas. Ilturlnbaita, bujtls plrtjdunlrjflfas a axprassñas fl trlfjçäm ilvln nabhrlb, ës vazas, lspadtms fl vjfl fmbêstjdl mu fa ltjvjflfas ab tarrl. Ê ôhvjm qua ms ilvjms, basbm saifm paquails djflfas aspln`lfls pmr ubl aimrba ìral, clzab dmitltm aitra sj, ims pmrtms mu il jbaisjfäm mdaèijdl. Sjvaifm axparjåidjls saban`litas, ms blrjiàjrms sabpra sa leuflb uis lms mutrms a trmdlb dmiàdjbaitm. [mr anas cmrlb drjlfms, a dmitjiulb l så-nm, dmstubas, usms a njigulgab dmbuis5 „trlfjçäm fm blr‒. Ê cìdjn aitaifar m pmfar fa lgnutjilçäm fls trlfjçñas blrâtjbls, vjsulnjzlifm-sa l vlstjfäm fl ìral mdaèijdl mifa anls sa blijcastlb. Ms `mbais fm blr, pmr lrrmstlrab sabpra l basbl vjfl a butulbaita sa leuflrab, dmistjtuab, trlfjdjmilnbaita, ubl dnlssa fa aspârjtm bujtm cmrta. A, dmbm smbaita ab parâmfms `jstmrjdlbaita durtms sa våab ab fjsputl panm fmbâijm, gamgrìcjdm a drmimnmgjdlbaita njbjtlfm, fm blr, mifa plrtjn`lb lnagrjls a parjgms, l crltarijflfa crltarijflfa ê l bljs fjgil dlrldtarâstjdl dmb qua plutlb plutlb m sau dmbpmrtlbaitm dmbpmrtlbaitm rmtjiajrm. Imtl-sa, im `mbab fm blr, ub raspajtm dmbub ë trlfjçäm, l quln fì grlifazl a qua m vjidunl l ub axtrlmrfjiìrjm èijbm pltrjôtjdm a l ubl grlifa vaiarlçäm fms vlnmras aspjrjtuljs qua m njglb ë dmbuijflfa ildjmiln mifa tava sau harçm. Sjva, jitarildjmilnbaita, l pardapçäm qua tab fl [ìtrjl, partm mu fjstlita. Ê, dmbm fjzjl Emlqujb Ilhudm, „ub saitjbaitm uijtìrjm, ildjmiln, jbpassmln‒. L nabhrliçl mu l jblgab qua fanl tab m blrjiàjrm iäm ê bldunlfl panms ragjmilnjsbms. Tul [ìtrjl ê ub tmfm fa trlfjçñas, qua vaiarl dmb l basbl cmrçl qua lpraifau l `mirlr ls qua säm dmbuis lms `mbais fm blr. M raspajtm ë trlfjçäm ê ubl dlrldtarâstjdl qua garl pltrjmtjsbm slfjm, cuiflbaitlfm il vlnmrjzlçäm fms lspadtms dmbuis lm sau grupm ildjmiln ab qua l trlfjçäm sa dmistjtuj ab anabaitm dmbuijtìrjm, iub pmfarmsm lgnutjilfmr. L njigulgab prôprjl ê ub pmfarmsm jistrubaitm fa lgnutjilçäm. \ulifm sa sarva l hmrfm, ab ilvjm fa guarrl mu bardlita, fava-sa prmdurlr saguj-nl. Dmb raspajtm ë trlfjçäm, lnjlfms l dmrlgab a lm

Ldassa5 www.tabpmrlrjm.aigablrji`l.dmb.h www.tabpmrlrjm.aigablrji`l.dmb.hr/dursm-sbv-blrji`l r/dursm-sbv-blrji`l

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mrgun`m fm qua clzab, ms `mbais fm blr prmvmdlb l jitagrlçäm fl dmbuijflfa ilvln a blrâtjbl, clvmradaifm l dmiqujstl fa acjdjåidjl bìxjbl, täm iadassìrjl l saus prmpôsjtms a lspjrlçñas. Lssjb, ls trlfjçñas, ls darjböijls a ms usms blrjiàjrms, euitlbaita dmb ms dmstubas, tåb axtrlmrfjiìrjm pmfar fa lblnglblr a jidaitjvlr ms qua vjvab fm blr. Vaifab, aitratlitm, l sa tmrilr ltms faspjfms fa sjgijcjdlfm, qulifm sul axpnjdlçäm ê parfjfl im tabpm. L nabhrliçl dmistlita fls rlzñas fms ltms a l sul axpnjdlçäm mu, qulifm cmr m dlsm, fls varsñas fa sul mrjgab, prmbmvab l dmbpraaisäm, m jidaitjvm a l jidmrpmrlçäm fl prìtjdl blrjiàjrl.

Taban`liçls aitra ls Blrji`ls L vjfl ils blrji`ls fm buifm jitajrm ê bujtm saban`lita. Vmfms qua lhrlçlb l dlrrajrl fm blr partaidab l ubl crltaril dnlssa. @ì ub vlstm dmieuitm dmbub fa usms, bujtms b ujtms fanas fjtlfms panl iadassjflfa fa sagurliçl mu axjgåidjls ilturljs fm bajm, a mutrms, ljifl, panl grlifa dmrfjlnjflfa qua, aitra sj, iutrab ms `mbais fm blr, navlifm- ms l ubl parbliaita trmdl fa gaitjnazls. Iäm astlbms lquj lhmrflifm, iab sarjl pmssâvan pmssâvan clzå-nm, clzå-nm, tufm m qua `ì ab trlfjçñas, usms usms a dmstubas dmstubas ilvljs a blrâtjbms. Tô astäm ab plutl lnguis lspadtms bljs durjmsms. Fasaelbms qua sul fjvunglçäm ltjiel, tlbhêb, lms qua iäm säm jijdjlfms ab lssuitms fm blr, prjidjplnbaita prjidjplnbaita m najtmr emvab, flifmflifm nàs ub ban`mr a bljmr dmiàdjbaitm fl vjfl fm `mbab fm blr.

DMI@ADAIFM M ILSJM

Ilvjms a Hlrdms Qb ilvjm ê ubl ilva. Dmifuzjr ubl ilva ê ilvaglr, mu sael, l plnlvrl vab fm nltjb ilvjglra, ilvjs (ilva) + lgara (fjrjgjr mu dmifuzjr). „Astlr l hmrfm‒ ê astlr pmr faitrm fl hmrfl fa ub ilvjm. „Lhmrflr‒ ê dàglr ë hmrfl plrl aitrlr. M tarbm ê bljs uslfm im saitjfm fa aitrlr l hmrfm panl cmrçl5 lhmrflgab. Bls, ab ralnjflfa, ê m ltm fa dàglr l hmrfm fa ub ilvjm, plrl iana aitrlr. „[anl hmrfl‒ tab sjgijcjdlfm mpmstm. Emglr , Emglr , nliçlr panl hmrfl.


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Tjgijcjdlfm ilturln fa hlrdm ê m fa ub ilvjm paquaim (mu ub ilvjm ê ub hlrdm grlifa...). Bls l axprassäm pmêtjdl fa ub hlrdm tab bljmr grlifazl5 „m Dmbliflita a sau van`m hlrdm‒ mu „imssm hlrdm, imssl imssl lnbl‒. Hlrdm vab fm fm nltjb „hlrdl‒. „hlrdl‒. \uab \uab astì l hmrfm, astì faitrm fa ub hlrdm mu ilvjm. Astì abhlrdlfm. Aitrlr l hmrfm fa ub hlrdm, ê „abhlrdlr‒. A fana sljr ê „fasabhlrdlr‒. Qbl dmistruçäm qua parbjtl m abhlrqua fa passmls mu dlrgls plrl trlispmrta pmr blr, ê ubl abhlrdlçäm. Qb ilvjm fa guarrl ê ubl hanmilva. L plnlvrl vab fm nltjb ilvjs (ilva, ilvjm) a hannub (guarrl). Qb ilvjm fa dmbêrdjm ê ub ilvjm bardlita. L plnlvrl ê farjvlfl fm nltjb bardlis (dmbardjlita), fm varhm bardlrj (dmbardjlr). „Lpmrtlr‒ ê dàglr l ub pmrtm. „Ltarrlr‒ ê lprm xjblrxjblr-sa sa fa tarrl. „Lblrlr‒ ê lclstlr -sa -sa fa tarrl plrl m blr. „Clzar -sa lm blr‒ ê sagujr plrl m blr, ab vjlgab. „Jbpmrtlr‒ ê clzar aitrlr panm pmrtm? „axpmrtlr‒ ê clzar sljr panm pmrtm. M dmidajtm lpnjdl-sa lpnjdl -sa garlnbaita ë bardlfmrjl. Aidmstlr ub ilvjm l ub dljs d ljs ê „ltrldlr‒? tåtå -nm sagurm l ubl hôjl ê „lblrrlr, tmblr l hôjl‒? praifar m ilvjm lm cuifm ê „cuifalr‒? a clzåclzå -nm dmb ubl èidmrl ê „lidmrlr‒ (abhmrl asta iäm sael ub tarbm fa usm dmbub il Blrji`l fm Hrlsjn, ab rlzäm fa, trlfjdjmilnbaita, sa d`lblr l èidm rl fa „carrm‒ - m ilvjm cuifajl dmb m carrm!). Xadmnàr m pasm mu l lblrrl fm cuifm ê „suspaifar‒? fasaidmstlr fm dljs mifa astava ltrldlfm ê „fasltrldlr‒? a nlrglr l hôjl mifa astava ê „faslblrrlr mu nlrglr‒. „Lrrjhlr‒ ê aitrlr ab ub pmrtm qua iäm sael fa asdlnl, mu vmntlr lm pmitm fa plrtjfl? ê, tlbhêb, fasvjlr m rubm il fjraçäm plrl mifa smprl m vaitm. L plnlvrl vab fm nltjb „lf‒ (plrl) a „rjpl‒ (blrgab, dmstl).

M Ilvjm M ilvjm tab sul vjfl blrdlfl pmr clsas. M prjbajrm avaitm fassl vjfl ê m „hltjbaitm fl qujn`l‒, ubl darjböijl im astlnajrm, il quln l prjbajrl prj bajrl paçl astruturln qua jitagrlrì m ilvjm ê pmsjdjmilf pmsjdjmilfll im nmdln fl dmistruçäm. „Astlnajrm‒ ê m astlhanadjbaitm jifustrjln mifa säm dmistruâfms ms ilvjms. Dmbm ms ilvjms litjgms arlb cajtms fa blfajrl, m nmdln fa dmistruçäm cjdlvl dàjm fa astjn`ls, nlsdls fa blfajrl, astjn`lçms mu, ab dlstan`lim, lstjnnls. Ms aspli`ôjs, aitäm, faimbjilrlb ms astlhanadjbaitms fa lstjnarms, qua, ab pmrtuguås farjvmu plrl astlnajrms. \ulifm m ilvjm astì dmb m dlsdm prmitm, prmi tm, il dlrrajrl fm astlnajrm, ana ê „nliçlfm lm blr‒ ab darjböijl d`lblfl nliçlbaitm. Iastl mdlsjäm ê hltjzlfm pmr sul „blfrji`l‒ a radaha m imba mcjdjln. M nliçlbaitm litjglbaita arl cajtm fa prml? bls ms pmrtuguasas jitrmfuzjrlb m `ìhjtm fa nliçì-nm fa pmpl, axjstjifm tlbhêb dlrrajrls mifa m nliçlbaitm ê cajtm fa nlfm, fa trlvês? a `mea, favjfm lm


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gjglitjsbm fms ilvjms, bujtms fanas säm dmistruâfms faitrm fa fjquas, qua sa lhrab im bmbaitm fa clzå-nms cnutulr. Ms ilvjms fa guarrl, garlnbaita, säm dmistruâ fms ab Lrsailjs. „Lrsailn‒ ê ubl plnlvrl fa mrjgab ìrlha. Sab fl axprassäm lrs sjil a sjgijcjdl m nmdln mifa säm gulrflfms patrad`ms fa guarrl mu mifa ms ilvjms ltrldlb plrl radahå-nms. L axprassäm lrs sjil fau mrjgab lm tarbm lrsailn, ab pmrtuguås, pmrtuguås, a lm tarbm flrsail qua, ab aspli`mn, quar fjzar fmdl. Dmistruâfm a prmitm, m ilvjm ê, aitäm, jidmrpmrlfm l ubl asqulfrl, cmrçl ilvln, dmbpli`jl fa ilvaglçäm mu l quab vì sar raspmisìvan panm sau cuidjmilbaitm. L darjböijl dmrraspmifaita ê l „jidmrpmrlçäm‒, fl quln clz plrta l „bmstrl fa lrblbaitm‒. Lrblbaitm ilfl tab l var dmb lrbls a sjb dmb lrblçäm. Assl bmstrl, cajtl panms dmistrutmras a radahafmras, dmisjsta ab ubl jispaçäm fm ilvjm plrl var sa astì tufm ab mrfab, fa ldmrfm dmb l aidmbaifl. Il mdlsjäm, ê nlvrlfm ub tarbm, mifa sa clz dmistlr l aitragl, l jidmrpmrlçäm a tufm m qua `ì l hmrfm. L vjfl fm ilvjm plssl, aitäm, l sar ragjstrlfl ab ub njvrm5 m „Njvrm fm Ilvjm‒, qua smbaita sarì cad`lfm qulifm ana cmr fasjidmrpmr fasjidmrpmrlfm. lfm. L lrblçäm (mu lrblbaitm) dmrraspmifa ë axprassäm lrblr ub ilvjm, prmvå-nm fm iadassìrjm ë sul utjnjzlçäm? a quab m clz ê m lrblfmr. Ab tabpms jfms, lrblr tji`l l var dmb l lrblçäm lr blçäm fms blstrms a vargls, dmb suls vastjfurls, vastjfurls, mu sael, ms dlhms cjxms fa sustaitlçäm a ms dlhms fa nlhmrlr fms blstrms, fls vargls a fm vanlba (vanls). [mfjl-sa lrblr ub ilvjm ab glnarl, ab hlrdl, ab hrjgua... L jispaçäm arl rjgmrmsl, glrlitjifm, lssjb, m usm, dmb sagurliçl, fl blstralçäm. Qb fms bljs dmiàdjfms lrblfmras fm buifm cmj m prmvafmr fa ilvjms, prmprjatìrjm a basbm ilvaglfmr Lbêrjdm Saspuddj. Väm jbpmrtlita ê l lrblçäm fa ilvjms a m dmbêrdjm blrâtjbm fls ilçñas, qua l jicnuåidjl fa Lbêrjdm Saspuddj cmj bljmr qua l fm prôprjm fasdmhrjfmr fm imvm dmitjiaita a qua plssmu l sar dmiàdjfm dmbm Lbêrjdl, ab vaz fa Dmnõbhjl, dmbm sarjl fa bljmr eustjçl lm ilvaglfmr ilvaglfmr Drjstmväm Drjstmväm Dmnmbhm. Lssjb, Lssjb, Lbêrjdm, dmbm dmbm lrblfmr, tava tava bljmr jicnuåidjl jicnuåidjl plrl faimbjilr m dmitjiaita, dmb m quln sa astlhanadarl m imvm dmbêrdjm blrâtjbm, fm qua Dmnmbhm. Varbjilfl l vjfl fa ub ilvjm, ana ê fasjidmrpmrlfm pmr „hljxl‒, fl asqulfrl, fl cmrçl ilvln, fl dmbpli`jl fa ilvaglçäm l qua partaidjl, mu fm sarvjçm qua prastlvl. @ì, aitäm, ubl darjböijl fa „fasjidmrpmrlçäm‒, dmb „bmstrl fa faslrblbaitm‒. Fjz -sa qua m ilvjm cmj „faslrblfm‒. Ls dmbpli`jls fa ilvaglçäm dmisarvlb ms njvrms, ragjstrms `jstôrjdms fa saus ilvjms. Il Blrji`l fm Hrlsjn (BH), ms njvrms säm lrqujvlfms il Fjratmrjl fa [ltrjböijm @jstôrjdm a Fmdubaitlçäm fl Blrji`l (F[@FB) a sarvab fa cmita fa jicmrblçñas l `jstmrjlfmras a mutrms cjis.


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Dlrldtarâstjdls fm Ilvjm \uab aitrlr l hmrfm varì qua m ilvjm, lnêb fm imba, tab ubl sêrja fa fmdubaitms a fjbaisñas qua m dlrldtarjzlb. M imba ê grlvlfm usulnbaita il prml, ab lbhms ms hmrfms, nmdln d`lblfm fa „hmdàd`l‒, a il pmpl. Ims ilvjms fa gu arrl, usulnbaita, ê grlvlfm sô il pmpl. Ms ilvjms bardlitas navlb, tlbhêb, il pmpl, smh m imba, l faimbjilçäm fm pmrtm fa ragjstrm. Ms fmdubaitms dlrldtarâstjdms fm ilvjm bardlita säm, aitra mutrms, sau ragjstrm ([rmvjsäm fm Xagjstrm cmriadjfl panm Vrjhuiln Blrâtjbm)? lpônjda fa sagurm mhrjgltôrjm? fjìrjm fa ilvaglçäm? dartjcjdlfm fa lrqualçäm? dlrtäm fa trjpunlçäm fa sagurliçl sagurliçl?? tarbms fa vjstmrjl (liuln a fa raimvlçäm mu dartjcjdlfm fa sagurliçl fl ilvaglçäm)? dartjcjdlfm fa sagurliçl fa aqujplbaitm? dartjcjdlfm fa hmrfl njvra? dartjcjdlfm fa dmbpaislçäm fa lgun`ls a durvl fa fasvjm? dartjcjdlfm fa dlnjhrlçäm fa rlfjmgmijöbatrm dmb tlhanl fa dmrraçäm? dartjcjdlfm fa sagurliçl rìfjm? a dartjcjdlfm fa sagurliçl fa dmistruçäm. L dmr ê bujtm jbpmrtlita. Litjglbaita, ms ilvjms arlb pjitlfms il dmr pratl. M dmstuba vji`l fms caiâdjms, qua tji`lb cldjnjflfa ab dmisagujr hatuba, a dmb ana pjitlvlb ms dmstlfms fa saus ilvjms. L pjiturl arl uslfl, ës vazas, dmb cljxls hrlidls, ils nji`ls fa hmrflfl fms dli`ñas. dli`ñas. Tmbaita Tmbait a im cjb fm sêdunm PJP, ms ilvjms fa guarrl lhlifmilrlb m pratm panm djizl mu lzun ldjizaitlfm, dmras qua prmdurlvlb dmicuifjr-sa dmb m `mrjzmita mu dmb m blr fls zmils ab qua ilvaglvlb. Aitratlitm, bujtms ilvjms bardlitas dmitjiulb ltê ms fjls fa `mea l uslr, im dmstlfm, l dmr pratl, prjidjplnbaita pmr quastäm fa admimbjl. Arl dmbub, tlbhêb, ilvjms fa guarrl pjitlfms pmr faitrm, euitm ë hmrfl, dmb l dmr varban`l, l cjb fa qua iäm dluslssa bujtl jbprassäm l qulitjflfa fa sligua farrlblfl furlita m dmbhlta, dmicuifjfl, lssjb, dmb ls litaplrls. Imrblnbaita, ls dmras fl d`lbjiê, ims ims ilvjms ilvjms bardlitas, pmssuab l dlrldtarjzlçäm dlrldtarjzlçäm fl dmbpli`jl fa fa ilvaglçäm l qua partaidab. Ils abhlrdlçñas slnvl-vjfls a ils hôjls slnvl-vjfls, prafmbjil l pramduplçäm dmb l vjsjhjnjflfa. Assls abhlrdlçñ abhlrdlçñas as säm säm pjitlfls, pjitlfls, imrblnbaita, fa nlrliel nlrliel mu lblranm, fa bmfm l sarab cldjnbaita vjstls. [mr assa basbm bmtjvm, bmtj vm, hab dmbm pmr dmivaiçäm jitarildjmiln, plrl dlrldtarjzlr l utjnjzlçäm pldâcjdl a iäm fa guarrl fms ilvjms (dmr djizl), il Litìrtj dl ê utjnjzlfm m varban`m, jidnusjva ims dmstlfms fms ilvjms pmr sau dmitrlsta dmb m hrlidm fm ganm. L hlifajrl, il pmpl, jfaitjcjdl l ildjmilnjfl ildjmilnjflfa fa fm ilvjm, plâs qua smhra ana tab smharlijl. Aitratlitm, `ì ubl hlifajrl, il prml, d`lblfl „eaqua‒ (fm jignå s eldo) qua jfaitjcjdl, faitrm fa dlfl ilçäm smharlil, quab tab l raspmislhjnjflfa smhra smhra m ilvjm. Il imssl Blrji`l, m eaqua e aqua ê ubl hlifajrl dmb vjita a ubl astranls - „l hlifajrl fm druzajrm‒. Ms ilvjms bardlitas uslb im eaqua l hlifajrl fl dmbpli`jl

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L Cnèbunl fa Dmblifm Im tmpm fm blstrm fms ilvjms fl Blrji`l fm Hrlsjn axjsta ubl cnèbunl dmb 8< astranls. Anl jifjdl qua m ilvjm ê dmbliflfm pmr ub Mcjdjln fa Blrji`l. Ta lngubl lutmrjflfa l quab m Dmbliflita astael suhmrfjilfm, mrglijdlbaita (faitrm fa sul dlfajl fa dmblifm) astjvar l hmrfm, l cnèbunl ê lrrjlfl a suhstjtuâfl panm plvjn`äm-sâbhmnm flquanl lutmrjflfa. Vlbhêb säm pravjstls ls sagujitas sjtulçñas plrl m lrrjlbaitm fl cnèbunl fa dmblifm5 qulifm suhstjtuâfl panl Cnèbunl fa Cjb fa Dmbjssäm, lm têrbjim têr bjim fa dmbjssäm jguln mu suparjmr l sajs basas, fasfa l ltarrlgab fm ilvjm lm pmrtm cjiln, ltê m pör fm smn qua sa sagujr? a pmr mdlsjäm fl Bmstrl fa Faslrblbaitm fm Ilvjm. Cjilnbaita, pmr mdlsjäm fl darjböijl fa trlisbjssäm fa dlrgm, mdmrrarì trmdl fm plvjn`äm fl lutmrjflfa axmiarlfl panm fl lutmrjflfa qua lssuba, dmb l slnvl dmrraspmifaita, im dlsm fa Lnbjrlita Dmbliflita fa Cmrçl, jijdjlfl lpôs m têrbjim fm `lstalbaitm fl hlifajrl-jisâgijl. Lpôs l najturl fl Mrfab fa Tarvjçm fl lutmrjflfa qua lssuba, prmdafar-sa-ì l aitragl fl hlifajrl-jisâgijl utjnjzlfl panl lutmrjflfa axmiarlfl.

[msjçñas Xanltjvls l Hmrfm L pmpl ê ubl plrta fm ilvjm bljs raspajtlfl qua ls fabljs. Ims ilvjms fa guarrl, tmfms qua aitrlb l hmrfm panl prjbajrl vaz im fjl, mu qua sa ratjrlb fa hmrfm, dubprjbaitlb l Hlifajrl Ildjmiln il pmpl, dmb m ilvjm ilvjm im pmrtm. Anl astì nì pmr sar l pmpl pmpl m nuglr fa `mirl `mirl fm ilvjm, mifa, eì ims tabpms fms gragms a rmblims, arl dmnmdlfm m slituìrjm fm ilvjm, dmb ubl jblgab mu [uppjs, fa ubl fjvjiflfa. M tarbm pmpl ê farjvlfm fa [Q[[JT. Ms nlfms fm ilvjm säm ms „hmrfms‒ a m fa hmrasta ê bljs jbpmrtlita qua m fa hmbhmrfm. Iana, fasfa tabpms jbabmrjljs, arl cajtm m gmvarim fm ilvjm pmr ubl astldl fa blfajrl ab cmrbl fa rabm, d`lblfl panms ilvaglitas gragms fa Ttlurus. Ms litjgms ilvaglitas imruaguasas d`lblvlb l paçl fa stlurr qua ms jignasas àrflrlb dmbm stamr, faimbjilçäm flfl lm rabm qua sarvjl fa naba, a TVAMXHMXF lm hmrfm mifa arl bmitlfm, `mea stlrhmlrf. Lm pmrtuguås, dàgmu dmbm astjhmrfm. Ms hrlsjnajrms jivartarlb l plnlvrl plrl hmrasta


3

(Lvjsm fm Lnbjrlita LNAPLIFXJIM, Bjijstrm fl Blrji`l), l cjb fa avjtlr dmicusñas dmb m hmrfm mpmstm5 hmbhmrfm. L plnlvrl hmbhmrfm tab vâidunm dmb m tarbm fl nâigul aspli`mnl hlhmr qua, pmr sul vaz, plrada tar mrjgab mu astlr ranldjmilf ranldjmilfll ë plnlvrl crlidasl hèhmrf. Il Blrji`l crlidasl ms blrjiàjrms qua tji`lb lnmelbaitm l hmbhmrfm, arlb d`lblfms fa hlhmrfljs a tji`lb ms saus iõbarms jitarims fa hmrfm plras. Ljifl Ljifl `mea, il iubarlçäm iubarlçäm fa dmbplrtjbaitms, dmbplrtjbaitms, qulifm qulifm m õntjbm lnglrjsbm ê plr, plr, racara-sa l ub asplçm l hmbhmrfm, qulifm ê jbplr, racara-sa l hmrasta. Ls blrji`ls fa nâigul jignasl, mu l anls ranldjmilfls, iäm utjnjzlb axprassñas prôxjbls fa hèhmrf. Hlnjzlb m hmrfm mpmstm lm fm gmvarim fa pmrt, mu sael, m hmrfm mifa iäm astlvl m naba a qua, pmr astl rlzäm, cjdlvl ltrldlfm lm dljs, lm pmrtm? flâ l axprassäm pmrt, hmrfm fm pmrtm.

Dèblrl Ms dmbplrtjbaitms fm ilvjm säm trlfjdjmilnbaita faimbjilfms l plrtjr fm prjidjpln5 l "dèblrl". Asta ê m nmdln qua lnmel m Dmbliflita fm ilvjm mu mcjdjln bljs litjgm prasaita l hmrfm, dmb lutmrjflfa smhra m ilvjm, mu ljifl, ub vjsjtlita jnustra, qulifm tln `mirl nà cmr dmidafjfl. Ta abhlrdlr iub ilvjm m Dmbliflita fl Cmrçl Ilvln, astl lutmrjflfa bljmr tarì m fjrajtm ë dèblrl. M ilvjm mifa abhlrdl m Dmbliflita fl Cmrçl Ilvln ê d`lblfm dlpjtèijl. Tau Dmbliflita plssl l faimbjilr-sa "Dlpjtäm fa Hlifajrl".

Dlblrmtas a Lcjis Ms fabljs dmbplrtjbaitms fa hmrfm, dmicmrba sul utjnjzlçäm, gli`lb faimbjilçñas dmb fjbjiutjvms fa dèblrl5 „dlblrmtas‒, plrl lnmelr Mcjdjljs, a „dlblrjis‒, plrl usm mparldjmiln mu lfbjijstrltjvm? dmbm, pmr axabpnm, m dlblrjb fa ilvaglçäm, mu m fl bìqujil.

[rlçls a Dmhartls Qis tlitms dmbplrtjbaitms säm d`lblfms fa prlçls5 prlçl fa bìqujils, prlçl f'lrbls, prlçl fa vlpmrjzlfmras, vlpmrjzlfm ras, atd.


7

Ms lnmelbaitms fl gulrijçäm a saus nmdljs fa racajçäm säm d`lblfms fa "dmhartls"5 dmhartl fa rlid`m, dmhartl

fa

prlçls,

atd.

[rlçl F'Lrbls M dmbplrtjbaitm fa astlr fms mcjdjljs l hmrfm, mifa tlbhêb säm sarvjfls suls racajçñas, ê faimbjilfm "[rlçl F'lrbls". Assl faimbjilçäm praifa-sa lm cltm fa qua, ims ilvjms litjgms, ls lrbls pmrtìtajs arlb gulrflfls iassa

nmdln,

prjvltjvm

fms

mcjdjljs.

L Vmnfl ë Xê Axjstab dmivasas dmb imbas aspadjljs. Qb dmivês plrdjln, ldjbl fm dmivês prjidjpln il prml ê m „dmivês fm dlstanm‒. L faimbjilçäm ê rabjijsdåidjl fm litjgm dlstanm qua ms ilvjms bafjavljs navlvlb il prml mifa ms guarrajrms dmbhltjlb. Ab dartms ilvjms ilvjms axjstab bljs fmjs dmivasas dmb imbas aspadjljs5 „m dmivês fm tmbhlfjn`m‒, qua ê m dmivês fl plrta lntl fl pmpl, a m „dmivês fl tmnfl‒. Ims ilvjms grlifas m nmdln mifa parbliada m Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm, im pmrtm, ê d`lblfm „dmivês fl tmnfl ë rê‒. Iana iäm ê parbjtjfm l ijiguêb cjdlr, axdatm m Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm a saus luxjnjlras.

Lgun`l a Hõssmnl M ilvjm tab lgun`l, iäm hõssmnl. L mrjgab ê litjgl. Ls prjbjtjvls prj bjtjvls paçls jblitlfls, plrl gmvarim fm ilvjm, arlb, il ralnjflfa, lgun`ls fa carrm, qua cnutulvlb ab lzajta, ldmifjdjmilfls ldmifjdjmilfls ab tuhms, dmb ubl sadçäm fa hlbhu. D`lblvlbsa „dlnlbjtls‒. Dmbm arlb hlsjdlbaita lgun`ls, ms ilvaglitas aspli`ôjs dmisjfarlvlb njigulgab blrjiàjrl, l faimbjilçäm fa „lgun`ls‒, fjcaraitabaita fa hõssmnls, plnlvrl plnlvrl fa mrjgab jtlnjl il qua sa

racarjl

ë

dljxl

-

hmssm


-

qua

0

dmitji`l

ls

paçls

mrjaitlfls.

Dmrfl a Dlhm Fjz-sa qua il Blrji`l iäm `ì dmrfl. Vufm ê dlhm. Dlhms grmssms a dlhms cjims, dlhms cjxms a dlhms fa nlhmrlr..., bls tufm ê dlhm. Axjstab pmrêb, fuls axdaçñas5 - l dmrfl fm sjim a - l fms ranôgjms

L GAIVA FA HMXFM

L Gaita fa Hmrfm M „Dmbliflita‒ ê l lutmrjflfa suprabl fa hmrfm. M „Jbafjltm‒ ê m „Mcjdjln axadutjvm fm ilvjm‒, saguifm fm Dmbliflita? ê m suhstjtutm avaituln fm Dmbliflita5 sau suhstjtutm Jbafjltm. L „gaita fa hmrfm‒ sa dmbpña fa „Dmbliflita a Vrjpunlçäm (Mcjdjljs a Gulrijçäm)‒. M Jbafjltm a Mcjdjljs dmistjtuab l „mcjdjlnjflfa‒. Ms fabljs trjpunlitas t rjpunlitas dmistjtuab l Gulrijçäm. Ls mrfais plrl m ilvjm ablilb fm Dmbliflita a säm cajtls axadutlr panm Jbafjltm, qua ê m dmmrfailfmr fa tmfms ms trlhln`ms fa hmrfm, axardaifm l garåidjl fls ltjvjflfas lfbjijstrltjvls..

L @jarlrqujl Ilvln Im Hrlsjn, m astlhanadjbaitm facmrblçäm fa mcjdjljs fm Dmrpm fl Lrblfl, fa Jitaifaitas a fa Cuzjnajrms Ilvljs ê l Asdmnl Ilvln. Taus lnuims säm Lspjrlitas a fanl slab, lm dmidnuârab m dursm, dmbm Gulrfls-Blrji`l. L cmrblçäm fa prlçls ê ralnjzlfl panls Asdmnls fa Lpraifjzas-Blrjiàjrms. Ms lnuims fassls Asdmnls, lpôs m têrbjim fm dursm, säm imbalfms Blrjiàjrms. L uijflfa fa dmbhlta ilvln ê m ilvjm. Ms Gruplbaitms fa ilvjms dmistjtuab ls Cmrçls Ilvljs a ls Asqulfrls. Ms Lnbjrlitas, pradjpulbaita, dmbliflb Cmrçls Ilvljs, gruplbaitms fa ilvjms. Tul `jarlrqujl fava facjijr l jbpmrtèidjl cuidjmiln fm gruplbaitm. Ms pmstms fa Lnbjrlitas, ab saquåidjl lsdaifaita säm5 Dmitrl-Lnbjrlita, Sjda-Lnbjrlita a Lnbjrlita fa Asqulfrl. M Dmblifm fms ilvjms dlha lms Dmbliflitas. L jbpmrtèidjl cuidjmiln fm ilvjm fava facjijr l `jarlrqujl fa saus Dmbliflitas. Ê blitjfl trlfjdjmilnbaita l litjgl jbpmrtèidjl fms ilvjms plrl dmbhlta, dnlssjcjdlfms fa ldmrfm dmb m iõbarm fa dmivasas a dli`ñas fa qua fjspui`lb5 ls dmrvatls,


:

dmb ub dmivês fa dli`ñas? ls crlgltls, dmb fmjs dmivasas fa dli`ñas? a ls ilus dmb trås dmivasas fa dli`ñas, `lvaifm tlbhêb, l faimbjilçäm fa ilvjms fa nji`l mu ilvjms fa hltln`l, pmr sarab ms qua dmistjtuâlb ls nji`ls fa hltln`l. Flâ l `jarlrqujl lsdaifaita fms dmbliflitas, dmbm Dlpjtäas fa Dmrvatl, Dlpjtäas fa Crlgltl a Dlpjtäas fa Blr a Guarrl. Ls cuiçñas jitarils ims ilvjms dlhab lms taiaitas (ab `jarlrqujl lsdaifaita5 8» Vaiaita, <» Vaiaita a Dlpjtäm-Vaiaita) a prlçls (ab `jarlrqujl lsdaifaita5 Blrjiàjrm, Dlhm, 4µ Tlrgaitm, 8µ Tlrgaitm, <µ Tlrgaitm a Tuhmcjdjln). Ims ilvjms fa bljmr blj mr jbpmrtèidjl `ì, ljifl, mcjdjljs suparjmras qua axardab cuiçñas jitarils, garlnbaita il dàcjl fa Faplrtlbaitms. Ilvjms baimras qua ls dmrvatls, ab garln, säm dmbliflfms pmr Dlpjtäas-Vaiai Dlpjtäas-Vaiaitas. tas. Ê jitarasslita imtlr, aitratlitm, ubl dlrldtarâstjdl âbplr fl Blrji`l5 il njigulgab varhln, m trltlbaitm imrblnbaita flfms lms mcjdjljs fl Lrblfl rasubab assas imva pmstms l trås5 Lnbjrlita, Dmbliflita a Vaiaita. Fjvjsñas

fa

Ilvjms

Dnlssa

Dmblifm

<ª Dnlssa

Dlpjtäm fa Blr a Guarrl

pmr

Dnlssa

il

Vjpms fa Ilvjms (axabpnms) - Ilvjm-Larôfrmbm - Ilvjm fa Fasabhlrqua - Crlgltls - Tuhblrjims

8ª Dnlssa

Dlpjtäm fa Crlg Crlgltl ltl

- Dmrvatls - Dmitrltmrpafajrms - Ilvjms-Vrlispmrta - Dmrvatls

4ª Dnlssa

Dlpjtäm fa Dmrvatl

- Xahmdlfmras fa Lntm Blr - Ilvjms-[ltrun`l Cnuvjljs

6ª Dnlssa

- Ilvjms-Slrrafmras

Dlpjtäm-Vaiaita


- Ilvjms-[ltrun`l

<;

BH5

L @jarlrqujl fl Blrji`l Bardlita Ls Asdmnls raspmisìvajs panl cmrblçäm fa passmln fl Blrji`l Bardlita cuidjmilb ims Daitrms fa Jistruçäm Lnbjrlita Grlçl Lrli`l, Lrli`l, im Xjm fa Eliajrm, a Lnbjrlita Hrlz fa Lgujlr, ab Hanêb. Assas astlhanadjbaitms partaidab ë Blrji`l fm Hrlsjn, lssjb dmbm ls Dlpjtlijls fms [mrtms, suls Fanagldjls a Lgåidjls, qua bjijstrlb m Aisjim [rmcjssjmiln Blrâtjbm, dlpldjtlifm prmcjssjmiljs plrl axardarab ltjvjflfas l hmrfm fa abhlrdlçäm blrâtjbls a cnuvjljs. @JAXLX\QJL FMT MCJDJLJT FA DMISÊT5 - Dlpjtäm fa Nmig Nmigmm Dursm - Dlpjtäm fa Dlhmtlgab - <µ Mcjdjln fa Iìutjdl - 8» Mcjdjln fa Iìutjdl @JAXLX\QJL FMT MCJDJLJT FA BÌ\QJILT5 - Mcjdjln Tuparjmr fa Bìqujils - <» Mcjdjln fa Bìqujils - 8» Mcjdjln fa Bìqujils

L MXGLIJULÇÄM FA HMXFM

Mrglijzlçäm pmr \ulrtms a Fjvjsñas fa Tarvjçm Ab ub ilvjm fa guarrl, plrl l sul dmifuçäm, sagurliçl a liflbaitm fms sarvjçms lfbjijstrltjvms, axjsta sabpra ubl plrdanl fl trjpunlçäm qua cjdl fa sarvjçm, qulifm ab vjlgab mu im pmrtm. Vmfm m passmln ê fjvjfjfm ab a b grupms d`lblfms qulrtms fa sarvjçm, qua radahab ms imbas fa <» qulrtm, 8» qulrtm a 4» qulrtm. Axjsta sabpra ub qulrtm, acatjvlbaita, fa sarvjçm? ub astlrì fa cmngl? a mutrm sarì m ratêb, qua cmriadarì passmln plrl dmhrjr clntls avaituljs. M zanm panm ilvjm ê cajtm fjvjfjifm-sa ls 86 `mrls fm fjl, ab sajs parâmfms fa qultrm `mrls - tlbhêb d`lblfms fa qulrtms - dlfl ub smh l raspmislhjnjflf r aspmislhjnjflfaa fa ub qulrtm fa dlhms a blrjiàjrms, fa ubl fjvjsäm fa suhmcjdjljs a slrgaitms a fa ubl fjvjsäm fa mcjdjljs. Im pmrtm, `lvarì sabpra, sabpra, ab dmifjçñas dmifjçñas imrbljs, panm baims, ub qulrtm fa fa sarvjçm. Bljs gaita gaita cjdlrì l hmrfm, qulifm iadassìrjm, pmfaifm parbliadar tmfm m passmln ab prmitjfäm, sa lssjb cmr fatarbjilfm.


<<

Fassl cmrbl, m fjl fa trlhln`m t rlhln`m fm blrjiàjrm, fm `mbab fm blr, ê dmitlfm fjcaraita fm fjl fm `mbab fa tarrl. Ta cmssa pmssâvan lm ilvjm ilvaglr smbaita fa mjtm `mrls fl bli`ä ltê ls djidm fl tlrfa `lvaifm plrlfm ubl `mrl plrl lnbmçm - a plrlr a cuifalr lm cjiln fm fjl, plrl aitäm radmbaçlr tufm im fjl sagujita, ës mjtm `mrls, l emrilfl sarjl dmbm l fa tarrl. Bls `ì sêdunms ms blrjiàjrms sa leustlrlb ës iadassjflfas fm blr, dubprjifm ubl emrilfl fa trlhln`m fjvjfjfl ab sajs qulrtms fa sarvjçm, dlhaifm l plrdanls fjcaraitas fl trjpunlçäm l vjgjnèidjl, ab dlfl qulrtm. Im pmrtm, ms qulrtms säm fa ;; ës ;6`, fa ;6 ës ;0`, ;0` ës <8`, fa <8` ës <3`, fa <3` ës 8;` a fa 8;` ës 86`. Ab vjlgab, im parâmfm dmbpraaifjfm aitra MM` ës <8`, ms qulrtms tab m basbm `mrìrjm qua fm pmrtm, pmrêb, fapmjs fls <8 `mrls, ms qulrtms säm fa 4 `mrls5 <8-<1? <1-<0? <0-8
M [assmln fa Tarvjçm Dartms pmstms, mduplfms panm passmln fa sarvjçm, säm jifjdlfms pmr uijcmrba. Lssjb, m „Mcjdjln fa \ulrtm‒ usl ub lpjtm, dmb ub dlflrçm pratm. Im pmrtm, m „Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm‒, lnêb fm lpjtm, usl ub djituräm dmb dmnfra a pjstmnl. [lrl luxjnjlr m Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm, axjstab5 m „Dmitrlbastra fa Tarvjçm‒, leuflita fm Mcjdjln plrl blimhrl a lspadtms fa mrfab blrjiàjrl fm ilvjm, qua tab l grlfulçäm fa Tuhmcjdjln mu Tlrgaitm a usl ub lpjtm dmb dlflrçm pratm, ub djituräm dmb dmnfra a pjstmnl? m „[mnâdjl‒, qua ê ub Tlrgaitm mu ub Dlhm, aidlrraglfm fa luxjnjlr m Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm il cjsdlnjzlçäm fl fjsdjpnjil a fl rmtjil, usl u b djitm aspadjln a ub dlssatata? m „Dlhm Luxjnjlr‒, qua usl ub lpjtm dmb dlflrçm pratm a ub djitm aspadjln il djiturl, dmb slhra, ê m aidlrraglfm fa flr ms tmquas (sjnvms fa lpjtm qua trlisbjtab jicmrblçñas a mrfais), acatulr ls hltjfls fm sjim, blrdlifm ms qulrtms, a clzar dubprjr l rmtjil fa hmrfm? a m „Xmifl‒, qua ê ub baislgajrm ës mrfais fm Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm a usl ub

djitm

aspadjln.

M Tjim fa Hmrfm Im parâmfm dmbpraaifjfm aitra ms tmquas fa lnvmrlfl a fa sjnåidjm, ms jitarvlnms fms qulrtms säm blrdlfms pmr hltjfls fm sjim fa hmrfm, cajtls lm cjb fa dlfl bajl `mrl. <ª bajl-`mrl bajl-`mrl fm qulrtm5 Qbl hltjfl sjiganl 8ª bajl-`mrl bajl-`mrl fm qulrtm5 Qbl hltjfl fupnl 4ª bajl-`mrl fm fm qulrtm5 Qbl hltjfl fupnl fupnl a ubl ubl sjiganl 6ª bajl-`mrl bajl-`mrl fm qulrtm5 Fuls hltjfls fupnls fupnls


<8

1ª bajl-`mrl fm fm qulrtm5 Fuls hltjfls fupnls a ubl ubl sjiganl 3ª bajl-`mrl bajl-`mrl fm fm qulrtm5 qulrtm5 Vrås hltjflsfupnls hltjflsfupnls 7ª bajl-`mrl fm qulrtm5

Vrås hltjfls hltjfls fupnls a ubl sjiganl

0ª bajl-`mrl bajl-`mrl fm qulrtm5 \ultrm hltjfls hltjfls fupnls fupnls Ls hltjfls fm sjim säm ubl trlfjçäm ilvln l sar prasarvlfl panms raspmisìvajs panl rmtjil fa hmrfm. Fava `lvar m dujflfm, pmr plrta fm sjilnajrm, fa hltar ldmbpli`lifm m Dlpjtèijl, fa bmfm l iäm `lvar m jifasaeìvan j ifasaeìvan lssjidrmijsbm.

Ls Cljils Mrglijzlfm ab Fjvjsñas Lfbjijstrltjvls mu ab \ulrtms a Fjvjsñas fa Tarvjçm, m ilvjm astì prmitm plrl clzar craita lms trlhln`ms qua aivmnvab tmfl l gaita fa hmrfm lm basbm tabpm, mu plrta fanl, plrl ub cjb aspadâcjdm. Assas trlhln`ms säm d`lblfms fa "cljils". Ls cljils säm garljs, dmbuis, aspadjljs mu fa abargåidjl. Ab ub ilvjm fa guarrl, l prjidjpln cljil garln ê l fa [mstms fa Dmbhlta. Täm cljils garljs a cljils dmbuis, aitra mutrls5 - [raplrlr plrl suspaifar? - Tuspaifar (mu faslblrrlr mu fasltrldlr)? - [raplrlr plrl cuifalr? - Cuifalr (mu lblrrlr, mu ltrldlr)5 - Ilvaglçäm ab ìguls rastrjtls(Fatlnà Aspadjln plrl m Blr)? - Xadahjbaitm fa buijçäm? - Xadahjbaitm fa bltarjln dmbub mu smhrass smhrasslnaitas? lnaitas? - Xadahjbaitm fa blitjbaitms? - Bmitlgab mu fasbmitlgab fa tmnfms? - Jçlr a lrrjlr abhlrdlçñas? - Mparlçñas lêrals, fadmnlgab a pmusm fa larmilvas? - Jispaçäm fa bltarjln? - Fmdlgab a rlsplgab fm dlsdm? a - [jiturl garln.


<4

Täm cljils fa abargåidjl5 - Jidåifjm? - Dmnjsäm? - Tmdmrrm axtarim? - @mbab lm blr? - Xahmqua? - Lhlifmim? - Lvlrjl im sjstabl fa gmvarim? - Ldjfaita dmb larmilva ("drls`")? a - Xadmn`jbaitm fa iìucrlgms. Lnêb fls cljils, axjstab mdlsjñas ab qua tmfl l trjpunlçäm fm ilvjm fava ltaifar l cmrblturls garljs, plrl dartls cmrblnjflfas l hmrfm mu plrl darjbmijln, dmiàdjfls dmb cmrblturls garljs. garljs. Täm cmrblturls garljs5 - [lrlfl? - Bmstrl? - Fjstrjhujçäm fa clxjil? - [mstms fa dmitjiåidjl? - Hlifajrl? a - Dmidaitrlçäm fl trjpunlçäm. tr jpunlçäm. Ls sjtulçñas pravjstls plrl cljils mu cmrblturls dmistlb fa ubl tlhanl l hmrfm, d`lblfl Vlhanl Bastrl, qua fasjgil dlfl `mbab fl trjpunlçäm plrl ub fatarbjilfm pmstm mu cuiçäm, aspadâcjdl ab dlfl cljil mu cmrblturl, lnêb fa fasjgilr quln ê sau hmta slnvl-vjfls a sau raspadtjvm qulrtm. M dubprjbaitm fl rmtjil fa hmrfm, hab dmbm fls cljils, dmbm eì baidjmilfm, säm mrfailfms panm tmqua fa lpjtm. Lnguis lvjsms a mrfais ab njigulgab dnlrl, panm cmimdnlbl, pmfab sar flfms, tlbhêb, ab dartls djrduistèidjls aspadjljs, aspadjljs, bls rapatjr, ab njigulgab dnlrl, m sjgijcjdlfm fa ub tmqua fa lpjtm ê dmisjfarlfl ltjtufa pmudm blrjiàjrl, iäm saifm, imrblnbaita, parbjtjfm l hmrfm. Ls cljils fa abargåidjl säm mrfailfls panms raspadtjvms sjiljs fa lnlrba, cmimdnlbl, sjim mu basbm vjvl vmz.


<6

L [rasjfåidjl fls Xacajçñas l Hmrfm Ls racajçñas fa mcjdjljs säm prasjfjfls panm Jbafjltm mu, il sul lusåidjl, panm mcjdjln bljs litjgm prasaita, m quln quln dmivjfl ms fabljs l saitlrab-sa saitlrab-sa ë basl. Lpôs jijdjlfl ubl racajçäm, qulnquar passml qua fasaea saitlr-sa ë basl, mu fanl ratjrlr-sa, fava pafjr parbjssäm l quab quab l astjvar prasjfjifm. L dmrtasjl ilvln ilvln fjtl qua ijiguêb fava fava ratjrlr-sa ratjrlr-sa fl fl basl basl litas litas fm Jbafjltm mu fm mcjdjln bljs litjgm prasaita. Ls racajçñas fms suhmcjdjljs a slrgaitms säm prasjfjfls panm Bastra fm Ilvjm. Dmbpata lm Bastra f'Lrbls prasjfjr ls racajçñas fms Dlhms a Blrjiàjrms.

DAXJBMIJLN FA HMXFM

Tluflr [lvjn`äm Dmbm eì cmj axpnjdlfm, clz plrta fm darjbmijln sluflr dmb l dmitjiåidjl m [lvjn`äm Ildjmiln, qua ê lrvmrlfm il pmpl , fls 0 `mrls ltê m pmr fm smn. Jstm sa clz lm aitrlr l hmrfm panl prjbajrl vaz a lm sljr panl õntjbl vaz, im fjl.

Tluflr m Dmbliflita Ê dmstuba ms mcjdjljs sluflrab m Dmblif Dmbliflita lita il dèblrl, panl bli`ä, qulifm ab vjlgab. Ë imjta, l sluflçäm ê cajtl lpôs m Darjbmijln fm Lrrjlr l Hlifajrl \ulifm im pmrtm, ms mcjdjljs cmrblb plrl radahar m Dmbliflita, dubprjifm m Darjbmijln fa Xadapçäm? a, fl basbl bliajrl, cmrblb qulifm ana sa ratjrl fa hmrfm, im Darjbmijln fa Faspafjfl. Ta lngub mcjdjln dàglr lpôs m Dmbliflita, fava slufì-nm il dèblrl, hab dmbm lm Jbafjltm. Ta vlj ratjrlr-sa fa hmrfm litas fm Dmbliflita, fava faspafjr-sa fana il dèblrl, mhtaifm njdaiçl plrl ratjrlrratjrlr sa, iäm sab litas tar sjfm njharlfm panm Jbafjltm.

Tluflr m Jbafjltm Lm aitrlr a lm ratjrlr-sa fa hmrfm ms mcjdjljs slõflb m Jbafjltm.


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Ê dmstuba, ab vjlgab, ms mcjdjljs dubprjbaitlrab m Jbafjltm panl bli`ä a, tlbhêb, lpôs m Darjbmijln fl Hlifajrl.

Tluflçäm aitra Bjnjtlras Ils Cmrçls Lrblfls, dmisaquait dmisaquaitabaita abaita il BH, ls fjvarsls cmrbls fa sluflçäm bjnjtlr, sjiljs fa raspajtm a dmrraçäm fa ltjtufas dlrldtarjzlb m aspârjtm fa fjsdjpnjil a lpraçm axjstaitas im èbhjtm bjnjtlr. L dmitjiåidjl, sluflçäm bjnjtlr uijvarsln, ê ubl rabjijsdåidjl fm litjgm dmstuba, qua tji`lb ms dmbhltaitas bafjavljs, qulifm vastjfms dmb suls lrblfurls, lm sarab jispadjmilfms pmr ub suparjmr, fa navlr l bäm ë tåbpmrl fjrajtl, plrl suspaifar l vjsajrl, vjsaj rl, parbjtjifm sul jfaitjcjdlçäm. Dlha rasslntlr qua, l dmitjiåidjl ê l sluflçäm prastlfl panm bjnjtlr mu panl trmpl, saifm jbpassm jb passmln ln a vjslifm sabpra l Lutmrjflfa a iäm l passml, saifm lssjb, plrta sabpra fm bjnjtlr fa baimr pradafåidjl mu ab jgulnflfa fa [mstm mu Grlfulçäm. @lvaifm fõvjfl ab ranlçäm ë litjgujflfa, favarì sar axadutlfl sjbuntlialbait sjbuntlialbaita. a. L dmitjiåidjl ê ubl ltjtufa bjnjtlr fa grlifa ranavèidjl a ub âdmia fl trlfjçäm a dmstubas ilvljs, dmistjtuj prmvl fa raspajtm a dmrtasjl qua m bjnjtlr ê mhrjglfm l prastlr lm suparjmr `jarìrqujdm, iäm pmfaifm sar pmr asta fjspaislfl, slnvm ils mdlsjñas pravjstls im Darjbmijln fl Blrji`l, tljs dmbm5 „cljil mu sarvjçm qua iäm pmssl sar jitarrmbpjfl, pmstms fa dmbhlta, prltjdlifm aspmrtas, saitlfm ë basl fa rlid`m, rablifm, fjrjgjifm vjlturls, bjnjtlr fa saitjianl, lrblfm fa cuzjn mu mutrl lrbl qua jbpmssjhjnjta m bmvjbaitm fl bäm fjrajtl, clzaifm plrta fa trmpl lrblfl, ab pmstms fa dmitjiåidjl mu [lrlfl‒. Dmicmrba vjstm litarjmrbaita, l dmitjiåidjl ê ubl sluflçäm aitra bjnjtlras. Lm dubprjbaitlr ub djvjn, m bjnjtlr qulifm clrflfm, pmfarì clzar-nà ubl dmitjiåidjl, dmbm dmrtasjl, lnêb fa flr-nà m usuln lpartm fa bäm. L dmitjiåidjl jifjvjfuln fava sar axjgjfl a sul ratrjhujçäm panm bljs litjgm ê mhrjgltôrjl. Iäm clz plrta fms dmstubas ilvljs fasclzar l dmitjiåidjl dmb hltjfl fl bäm ë dmxl, prmvmdlifm ruâfm. L dmitjiåidjl fava sar cajtl dmb dmrraçäm, vjvldjflfa, anagèidjl, anagèidjl, aiargjl a crliquazl. Fl basbl cmrbl, dlha lm suparjmr raspmifar m dubprjbaitm fa bliajrl saban`lita. L dmitjiåidjl bln axadutlfl ê sjiöijbm fa fjspnjdåidjl, m qua iäm dmifjz dmb ms vlnmras bjnjtlras. L dmitjiåidjl jifjvjfuln iäm raprasaitl lpails ubl blijcastlçäm fa raspajtm mu fa lpraçm l ub jifjvâfum ab plrtjdunlr? trltl-sa tlbhêb fa ub ltm põhnjdm qua axprassl l dmrtasjl aitra ms babhrms fa ubl dmrpmrlçäm.


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L dmitjiåidjl jifjvjfuln ê prastlfl panm bjnjtlr bjnj tlr clrflfm a iäm favarì sar axadutlfl qulifm asta astjvar ab trleas djvjs. Iasta dlsm, l sluflçäm ê ralnjzlfl dmb ub dubprjbaitm varhln, fa ldmrfm dmb ls dmivaiçñas smdjljs.

Tluflçäm dmb Asplfl L litjgl sluflçäm dmb asplfl a m gastm fa lhltå-nl, lhltå -nl, iäm ê ubl trlfjçäm ilvln, bls bjnjtlr. M passmln fl Blrji`l, dmitufm, clz usm fl asplfl ab lngubls darjböijls l hmrfm a, ab cmrblturls, ab tarrl. M gastm fa navlr l pmitl fl asplfl ltê m d`äm ê ubl litjgl fabmistrlçäm fa suhbjssäm l ubl lutmrjflfa suparjmr, radmiàdaifm sul suparjmrjflfa `jarìrqujdl. L pmitl fl asplfl im d`äm, lm cjb fl sluflçäm, iäm parbjta lm mcjdjln usì-nl, ilquana bmbaitm.

M Darjbmijln ë Hlifajrl Ms ilvjms fl Blrji`l fm Hrlsjn, qulifm ab dmitltm dmb tarrl (ltrldlfms, cuifalfms mu lblrrlfms), lrvmrlb l Hlifajrl Ildjmiln im „plu fl hlifajrl‒, il pmpl. Lm suspaifarab, im jistlita ab qua ê fasaidlpanlfl fasaidlpanlfl l õntjbl aspjl mu m carrm lrrlidl mu ê nlrglfm m lrgliêu fl hôjl, l Hlifajrl Ildjmiln ê lrrjlfl il pmpl a jçlfl, ab bmvjbaitms dmitâgums, im blstrm fa dmbhlta, bls fa cmrbl qua iuidl fajxa fa astlr jçlfm m [lvjn`äm Ildjmiln. Iäm `ì darjbmijln, iassls mdlsjñas. L Hlifajrl fm Druzajrm, qua ê lrvmrlfl im plu fm eaqua, ldmbpli`l ms bmvjbaitms fl Hlifajrl Ildjmiln il pmpl. Mu Mu sael, ê jçlfl jçlfl a lrrjlfl euitm dmb astl. M [lvjn`äm [lvjn`äm ê jçlfm ës mjtm `mrls fl bli`ä a lrrjlfm axltlbaita il `mrl fm [ör fm Tmn. M Darjbmijln dmistl fa sata vjvls dmb m lpjtm fm blrjiàjrm a fls dmitjiåidjls fa tmfm m passml passmln.n. \uab astjvar dmhartls lhljxm, parbliada fasdmhartm fasdmhartm a ab sjnåidjm, ltaitm. M darjbmijln fm lrrjlr ê bljmr a dmistl fa cmrblturl garln fl trjpunlçäm. Lpôs m lrrjlr, ê dmstuba m dubprjbaitm garln fa „hml imjta‒ aitra tmfms ms prasaitas, saifm prjbajrlbaita fjrjgjfm lm Dmbliflita. L Hlifajrl Ildjmiln fava sar jçlfl mu lrrjlfl ab bmvjbaitm uijcmrba, qua fava sar astjblfm plrl qua mdmrrl furlita m tabpm ab qua ê axadutlfm m `jim mu tmqua. t mqua. Fl basbl cmrbl, m jçlr a lrrjlr fa gln`lrfatas a Hlifajrls-Jisâgijls Hlifajrls-Jisâgijls fava sar cajtm danarabaita.


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Furlita m Darjbmijln ë Hlifajrl ê vaflfl l aitrlfl mu slâfl fa passmls a vaâdunms il MB qua m ralnjzl, slnvm sa nmdlnjzlfl prôxjbl ë vjl põhnjdl, qulifm l jitarrupçäm fm trèisjtm fava mdmrrar, dmb m bâijbm fa praeuâzm pmssâvan lm trìcagm fa passmls a vaâdunms, aitra m „Taguifm Tjiln‒ a m têrbjim fm Darjbmijln. [lrl ls MB fa tarrl säm mhsarvlfms ms basbms prmdafjbaitms.

Hlifajrl l Bajm-[lu Ims ilvjms fl Blrji`l iäm sa usl ls faimbjilçñas fa "blstrms" fa hlifajrl, iab fm eaqua5 l imbaidnlturl dmrrajl ê imbaì-nms m "plu fl hlifajrl" a m "plu fm eaqua", basbm qua saelb batìnjdms. M fjstjitm, il Blrji`l, saguifm saguifm l trlfjçäm, t rlfjçäm, ê qua saelb fa blfajrl a aivarijzlfm aivarijzlfms. s. Fastl cmrbl, m tarbm hlifajrl l bajm-plu ê l axprassäm qua dmrraspmifa ë Hlifajrl Ildjmiln jçlfl l bajm-blstrm. M eaqua ldmbpli`l l Hlifajrl Ildjmiln, l bajm-plu. A m sjiln fa nutm. nut m. M dmstuba tava mrjgab il litjgl blrji`l l vanl. Arl usuln qua ms ilvjms, dmbm bmstrl fa paslr panl bmrta fa ubl parsmilnjflfa, faslblitjn`lssab ls vargls, fa bmfm l fajxì-nls faslnji`lfls a paifaitas, ab fjcaraitas èigunms, a dmb tmfms ms dlhms fa nlhmrlr, fa blstrms a vargls cmnglfms a paifaitas. L bmstrl fa paslr paslr dmisjstjl dmisjstjl iasta lspadtm lspadtm fa fasnajxm, fasnajxm, pmr trjstazl. M [lvjn`äm [lvjn`äm tlbhêb arl lrrjlfm l bajm-plu.

Tluflçäm fa Ilvjms Bardlitas a Xaspmstl M ilvjm bardlita qua plssl lm nlrgm fa ub ilvjm fa guarrl dubprjbaitl-m, lblifm sul Hlifajrl Ildjmiln, clzaifm clzaifm m fa guarrl guarrl m basbm, dmbm dmbm raspmstl. M bardlita jçlrl imvlbaita sul Hlifajrl, fapmjs qua m fa guarrl m cjzar.

L Tlnvl5 Tluflçäm dmb Dli`ñas M sjiln fa lbjzlfa arl litjglbaita aitaifjfm a bmrbaita dlrldtarjzlfm panm cltm fa lprasaitlr-sa ubl passml, dmb l asplfl lhltjfl, mu ub ilvjm mu ubl abhlrdlçäm, bmbaitlialbaita jbpmssjhjnjtlfm fa blimhrlr mu dmbhltar. Ims tabpms ab qua iäm `lvjl bajms sagurms fa dmbuijdlçäm a qulifm im blr iäm arl pmssâvan lms ilvjms slharab imtâdjls fa tarrl, l baims qua aidmitrlssab mutrms qua ls trlisbjtjssab, arl jbpmrtlitâssjbm plrl dlfl ub fanas slhar quljs ls


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jitaiçñas uis fms mutrms, qulifm sa aidmitrlvlb. Jblgjil-sa qua ub ilvjm, im blr `ì lngub tabpm, pmfarjl iäm slhar sa sa sul sul ilçäm ilçäm astlvl astlvl mu iäm ab guarrl dmb mutrl, jidnusjva dmb lquanl lquanl duel hlifajrl ub ilvjm lvjstlfm mstaitlvl! Arl, pmrtlitm, jbpmrtlita fabmistrlr ltjtufa lbjstmsl, tmblifm fjcâdjn l blimhrl mu m dmbhlta. Ims tabpms fa @airjqua SJJJ, plrl ub dli`äm rapatjr ub tjrm navlvl ubl `mrl. Lssjb, ub ilvjm astlvl dmb ms dli`ñas sabpra dlrraglfms plrl dmbhlta. Bls, sa ana ms fjsplrlvl, cjdlvl jbpmssjhjnjtlfm bmbaitlialbaita fa dmbhltar. L bljmr plrta fls crlgltls a ilvjms baimras arl lrblfl dmb ubl hltarjl fa sata dli`ñas, ab dlfl hmrfl. L prjidâpjm, ubl slnvl fa sata tjrms arl l slnvl ildjmiln hrjtèijdl. Ls hltarjls fa tarrl, im aitlitm, favarjlb raspmifar ës slnvls fm ilvjm, il rlzäm fa trås tjrms plrl dlfl tjrm fa hmrfm. Lssjb, l bìxjbl slnvl fa hmrfm, sata tjrms, arl raspmifjfl panl bljmr slnvl fa tarrl, vjita a ub tjrms. Dmb m prmgrassm fl jifõstrjl fa lrbls a, prjidj prj idjplnbaita, plnbaita, fl prmfuçäm fl pônvmrl, l bljmr slnvl fa hmrfm plssmu plssmu l sar tlbhêb fa vjita a ub tjrms. tjr ms. M iõbarm fa tjrms, fapmjs qua l slnvl sa trliscmrbmu iub dmstuba, dàgmu lms imssms fjls dmislgrlfm im Darjbmijln Ilvln. Sjita a ubl slnvls ê m bìxjbm qua sa usl. Bls pmr qua vjita a ubl= Ê pmrqua, lnêb fm dmstuba ldjbl, assa iõbarm ê bõntjpnm fa trås. L axpnjdlçäm ê qua ms iõbarms 4, 1 a 7 sabpra tjvarlb sjgijcjdlfm bâstjdm, bujtm litas, basbm, fa axjstjrab blrji`ls mrglijzlfls dmbm ls fms õntjbms trås sêdunms. M jitarvlnm fls slnvls castjvls ê fa djidm saguifms, aitra ub tjrm a mutrm. @lvjl ub van`m dmstuba, il Blrji`l litjgl, qua ljifl `mea ms mcjdjljs "slcms" uslb plrl dmitlgab fms djidm saguifms ragunlrbaitlras, qua ê m fa fjzar l axprassäm5 "tadm, tanadm, tadm, papjims, iäm säm hmiadms, - cmgm ub!"? rapatjifm-sa lpôs dlfl tjrm m basbm dmieuitm fa plnlvrls sô lntarilifm m iõbarm fl mrfab fa cmgm. \uab drmimbatrlr m tabpm qua imrblnbaita sa navl plrl fjzar ls plnlvrls baidjmilfls, varì qua ana ê fa djidm saguifms.

Ms [mstms fa Dmitjiåidjl Bls, smbaita fjsplrlr msdli`ñas iäm arl bmstrl fa cjdlr sab lptjfäm plrl dmbhltar. M ilvjm, lnêb fjssm, favarjl carrlr m plim (dmnàr ls vanls), parfaifm vanmdjflfa a cjdlifm bmbaitlialbaita jbpmssjhjnjtlfm fa blimhrlr a dmbhltar, dmb tmfms ms dlhms fa nlhmrlr panm dmivês a l gulrijçäm mduplfl ils cljils. Lssjb, assl bmstrl fa raspajtm blitji`l m ilvjm prjvlfm fa dmbhltar. Cmj fassa litjgm dmstuba, qua vjarlb ltê imssms fjls dartls cmrbls fa dubprjbaitm ab abhlrdlçñas dmbm "rabms lm lntm, cmnglr ls asdmtls mu plrlr l bìqujil".


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Ims grlifas ilvjms, im aitlitm, aitlitm, pmfjl pmfjl sar sar fabmistrlfl, fabmistrlfl, lm ilvjm ilvjm lvjstlfm, lvjstlfm, l jitaiçäm jitaiçäm pldâcjdl, clzaifm suhjr tmfl l gulrijçäm lms blstrms a vargls. Lssjb astlvl m ilvjm jbpmssjhjnjtlfm fa utjnjzlr saus `mbais plrl m dmbhlta, trlisjtmrjlbaita. Fastl cmrbl, fjspmr l gulrijçäm panls vargls fms ilvjmsasdmnl l vanl, vajm ltê imssms fjls, dmb l faimbjilçäm fa "pmstms fa dmitjiåidjl". Ab tmfms ms ilvjms fl Blrji`l, ms pmstms fa dmitjiåidjl säm ltaifjfms dmb tmfl l gulrijçäm fjstrjhuâfl panl hmrfl fm ilvjm, im hmrfm pmr mifa vlj plsslr l lutmrjflfa l sluflr, iubl fabmistrlçäm fa raspajtm.

Sjvls Ljifl parbliada ab imssl Blrji`l m `ìhjtm fms "vjvls". Ê ubl rapatjçäm fl litjgl cmrbl fa dmitjiåidjl a sluflçäm ë lutmrjflfa qua plsslr partm fm ilvjm, sabpra qua m cltm cmr litadjplfm a favjflbaita liuidjlfm. L gulrijçäm, qulifm ab pmstms fa dmitjiåidjl, l ub sjiln, navl m hmiê lm pajtm fm nlfm asquarfm, dmb l bäm fjrajtl, a, lm sjiln fa slnvls fm lpjtm, sata vazas, astaifa a staifa l bäm dmb m hmiê plrl m lntm, ë fjrajtl, a fì ms vjvls dmrraspmifaitas. dmrraspmifaitas.

Sjvls fm Lpjtm [arbliada, im Darjbmijln fl Hlifajrl, m dmstuba fms sata vjvls, panm lpjtm fm blrjiàjrm. Furlita m jçlr mu lrrjlr fl Hlifajrl, m Bastra mu Dmitrlbastra, fapaifaifm fl mdlsjäm, clz smlr sata vazas m lpjtm, dmrraspmifaifm lms sata vjvls, vjvls, qua ê l bljmr sluflçäm pmr lpjtm. M iõbarm fa sata, dmbm axpnjdlfm, ljifl ê l nabhrliçl fms litjgms sata tjrms fls crlgltls a ilvjms baimras, qua dmistjtuâlb l bljmr slnvl. Abhmrl ms tjrms fa slnvl tai`lb plsslfm plrl vjita a ub, ms vjvls fa lpjtm parbliadarlb ab sata, dmbm l `mirl bìxjbl.

Darjbmijln fa Xadapçäm a Faspafjfl Ms mcjdjljs lm aitrlrab a slârab fa hmrfm clzab eus l ub darjbmijln dmrraspmifaita ë sul pltaita, dmistlifm fa tmquas fa lpjtm dlrldtarâstjdms a fl dmitjiåidjl fa quab m radaha mu faspafa a fms prasaitas. Lnêb fjssm, blrjiàjrms ab cmrblturl, ab iõbarm dmrraspmifai dmrraspmifaita ta l dlfl darjbmijln, d`lblfms "hmys", "hmys", nlfalräm m mcjdjln sluflfm, il asdlfl fa pmrtlnô a im dmivês.


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Assas darjbmijljs säm trlfjçñas àrflfls fms fjls fl blrji`l l vanl. Dmstublvl-sa, ils rauijñas fa Dmbliflitas fa ilvjms fa ubl Cmrçl Ilvln ab ub fatarbjilfm ilvjm - qulifm m blr iäm astlvl bujtm hmb - jçlr m vjsjtlita pmr ubl gujifmnl, aspêdja fa paquail tìhul suspaisl panls axtrabjflfas. L blimhrl arl dmbliflfl panm Bastra, lm smb fm lpjtm a, plrl ralnjzì-nl, vìrjms blrjiàjrms jlb plrl m nmdln fa abhlrqua. @mea ê ubl dmrtasjl ilvln ldmrrar dmb blrjiàjrms lm pmrtlnô (nmdln fa abhlrqua mu slâfl fa hmrfm) a sluflr dmb tmqua fa lpjtm, l lutmrjflfa qua dàglr mu sljr. Ms blrjiàjrms qua ldmrrjlb plrl ls blimhrls fa abhlrqua fm Dmbliflita l hmrfm arlb d`lblfms, il Xaln Blrji`l hrjtèijdl, fa "hmys". Assa dmstuba plssmu fasfa m Jbpêrjm, ë imssl Blrji`l. @mea, `ì ub tmqua fa lpjtm qua, ab ralnjflfa, sjgijcjdl hmys lms dlhms. Vrltlvl-sa, ltê `ì pmudm tabpm, qulifm sa vji`l mu slâl fa hmrfm pmr nlid`l, fa d`lblr ms blrjiàjrms plrl qua fasdassab lm pltjb jicarjmr fl asdlfl fa pmrtlnô a lâ astaifassab dlhms (praplrlfms dmb pji`ls ils fuls axtrabjflfas, ubl plrl m hmy a mutrl plrl l lutmrjflfa), plrl qua nà sarvjssab fa lpmjm qulifm abhlrdlvlb mu fasabhlrdlvlb. Lm pltjb jicarjmr fl asdlfl fa pmrtlnô fasdab fmjs "hmys" a bljs fmjs qulifm `ì asplçm. Ms fabljs cmrblb im dmivês. \ulifm astjvar dmb prlid`l plsslfl plrl tarrl, smbaita fmjs favab cjdlr ab tarrl? ms fabljs cmrblb im dmivês. Cmrblr bljs fa fmjs "hmys" ab tarrl ê, dmbm sa fjz. il gârjl blrjiàjrl, ubl vlrlfl (fa "vlrl", tarbm aspli`mn qua quar fjzar aidlnà). Vufm jssm fava-sa lm cltm fa qua m abpragm fms "hmys" ê ubl trlfjçäm il blimhrl fa abhlrqua a fasabhlrqua fa mcjdjljs, ab ilvjms im blr. \ulifm m Dmbliflita ê radahjfm im sau prôprjm ilvjm, ê m Bastra quab axadutl ms lpjtms fm darjbmijln. \ulifm m darjbmijln ê axadutlfm ab tarrl, dmbm ims astlhanadjbaitms mu darjböijls põhnjdls, ms "hmys" säm fjstrjhuâfms im iõbarm dmbpnatm pravjstm im Darjbmijln fl Blrji`l, ab dlrìtar sjbhônjdm. L dàglfl fa lutmrjflfa l hmrfm fa MB fl BH favarì sar liuidjlfl im sjstabl fa cmimdnlbl, qulifm dmuhar, m dlrgm fl lutmrjflfa vjsjtlita sagujfm sagujfm fl axprassäm „plrl hmrfm‒. Iäm favarì sar liuidjlfm prmimba fa trltlbaitm trltlbaitm mu imba fl lutmrjflfa vjsjtlita. [mr mdlsjäm mdlsjäm fm darjbmijln, l mrfab mrfab lm Bastra mu Dmitrlbastra fa Tarvjçm iäm fava dmitar plnlvrls fasiadassìrjls, eì qua sa trltl fa ubl jistruçäm plrl quab vlj lhrjr tmqua. Lssjb, assl mrfab fava sar partjiaita lm tmqua t mqua dlrldtarâstjdm l qua tab fjrajtm l lutmrjflfa. L baiçäm lm dlrgm fasabpai`lfm smbaita fava sar cajtl l quab dmbpatjr vmdltjvm aspadâcjdm (Dmbliflita fl Blrji`l, Dàca fm Astlfm-Bljmr fl Lrblfl, Dmbliflita fa Mparlçñas Ilvljs, Dmbliflita-Garln fm Dmrpm fa Cuzjnajrms Ilvljs a Dmbliflita ab Dàca fl Asqulfrl). Iassa dlsm, iäm sa fava baidjmilr m [mstm, l baims sa, avaitulnbaita a im dlsm fa


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DmbabD`, m dlrgm astjvar saifm axardjfm pmr Lnbjrlita fa Asqulfrl. M lrtjgm 1-<-7 fm Darjbmijln fl Blrji`l racnata dmb dnlrazl asta pmitm. Ms tmquas fa lpjtm favab sar flfms lpails panm Bastra mu Dmitrlbastra fa Tarvjçm. Lm cjiln fls @mir ls ls fa Xadapçäm mu Faspafjfl, qulifm pmr tmqua fa dmriatl, dlha m „pmitm‒, dmbm sjiln fa fasclzar l dmitjiåidjl a l gulrfl fa pmrtlnô axadutlr m dmblifm fa „mbhrm lrbls‒. Ims dlsms ab qua `muvar Gulrfl fa @mirl, astl axadutlrì m racarjfm dmblifm qulifm fatarbjilfm panm sau Dmbliflita.

QIJCMXBAT A TAQT LDATTÔXJMT

Ms Qijcmrbas Ms mcjdjljs, suhmcjdjljs a slrgaitms uslb uijcmrbas fm basbm cajtjm plrl m sarvjçm mu plrl ms trlhln`ms t rlhln`ms l hmrfm. Täm fm tjpm plnatô, mu fôjbä, a dlnçl, mu smbaita dlbjsl a dlnçl. Il dlhaçl usl-sa m hmiê. Ms mcjdjljs a suhmcjdjljs, plrl fjstjiçäm, uslb glnñas ils pnltjils dmnmdlfls ims mbhrms fms uijcmrbas hrlidms, glnñas ims pui`ms fm uijcmrba lzun lzun a fjstjitjvms il gmnl fm uijcmrba djizl fa bligl durtl (dlquj plrl ms Cuzjnajrms Ilvljs). Ms slrgaitms, dlhms a blrjiàjrms durslfms uslb sabpra, plrl fjstjiçäm fa grlfulçäm, fjvjsls ims hrlçms. Ms blrjiàjrms-radrutls, blrjiàjrms -radrutls, lpraifjzas a grubatas iäm uslb fjvjsls. Ls pnltjils säm prasls smhra ms mbhrms fms uijcmrbas dmbm ldassôrjm, saifm rabjijsdåidjls rabjijs dåidjls fa litjgls tjrls fa dmurm uslfms ims uijcmrbas plrl cjxlr ms tlnlhlrfas (hmnfrjês). Täm fa mrjgab crlidasl. Ms glnñas fms mcjdjljs säm njstrls fmurlfls. Im Dmrpm fl Lrblfl, l bljs lntl im pui`m ê tarbjilfl pmr ubl vmntl. Dmitl l trlfjçäm qua ê ubl rabjijsdåid rabjijsdåidjl jl fl vmntl qua m Lnbjrlita Iansmi, mcjdjln jignås, navlvl ab ub paquaim dlhm lblrrlfm ë bligl fa sau fônbä plrl sustaitì-nl ab ub hmtäm, qulifm, lpôs parfar m hrlçm, suhju lm dmivês panl prjbajrl vaz. Ls blrji`ls qua tjvarlb mrjgab a dmitltms dmb l Blrji`l hrjtèijdl dmisarvlb m sâbhmnm. Ms Dlhms a Blrjiàjrms uslb uijcmrbas, hrlidms mu lzujs, fa gmnl, a il dlhaçl, hmiês sab plnl. Ms fa

trlhln`m

säm

fa

dmr

basdnl,

tâpjdms, fa dmr hrlidl, d`lblfms dlxligì. dlxligì.


88

dmb

d`lpêus

rafmifms

M uijcmrba tâpjdm fa blrjiàjrm ê uijvarsln. Tuls dlrldtarâstjdls säm, prjidjplnbaita, m naiçm pratm lm pasdmçm a l gmnl gmnl lzun dmb trås trås njstrls. M naiçm tava sul mrjgab il lrtjn`lrjl fms tabpms litjgms fl blrji`l l vanl. Ms blruems uslvlb ub naiçm il tastl furlita ms dmbhltas, lblrrlfm ltrìs fl dlhaçl. Assa prmdafjbaitm avjtlvl qua m sumr, bjsturlfm ë grlxl a basbm ë pônvmrl fls paçls fa tjrm, nàs dlâssa ims mn`ms. Lm cjiflr m dmbhlta, ms blrjiàjrms ragunlras gjrlvlb m naiçm a m lblrrlvlb lm pasdmçm, dmb m iô plrl craita. @mea, sjbhmnjdlbaita, m naiçm ê dmnmdlfm ab tmbm fm pasdmçm. Tul dmr pratl, fjcaraitabaita fm qua bujtms fjzab, iäm ê mrjgjilfl ab sjiln fa nutm panl bmrta fa Iansmi, pmjs arl uslfm panms blrjiàjrms, blrj iàjrms, dmb assl dmr, hab litas fjssm, abhmrl, ilquana avaitm, tai`lb ratjrlfm m naiçm dlrldtarâstjdm fm pasdmçm a m dmnmdlfm im hrlçm. L gmnl fm Blrjiàjrm ê hlstlita litjgl. Arl uslfl plrl prmtagar l rmupl fls suhstèidjls gmrfurmsls dmb qua ms blruems uitlvlb m "rlhjd`m" fa suls dlhanajrls. M usm fm rlhjd`m faslplradau, bls, l gmnl parbliadau, dmbm plrta dlrldtarâstjdl fm uijcmrba. L dmr lzun ê lfmtlfl pmr qulsa tmfls ls blrji`ls fm buifm. Ls trås njstls fl gmnl säm rabjijsdåidjl fm dmstuba litjgm fa sa jifjdlr, pmr bajm fa cjtls, prasls lm panarjia (dlpl utjnjzlfl utjnjzlfl smhra ms mbhrms), mbhrms), m tabpm fa sarvjçm sarvjçm fm abhlrdlfm. abhlrdlfm.

Gmrrm fa Cjtl Ms cuzjnajrms ilvljs tlbhêb trlzab ab saus uijcmrbas sjbhmnjsbm a trlfjçäm. M gmrrm fa cjtl, fa mrjgab asdmdasl, ê ubl fls trlfjçñas jidmrpmrlfls qua parbliadab a gli`lb nagjtjbjflfa. Cmj jfajl, ab <0:;, fa ub dmbliflita fm Hltln`äm Ilvln, fa lsdaifåidjl hrjtèijdl. M gmrrm cmj hab ldajtm a, `mea, dlrldtarjzl fa cmrbl âbplr m uijcmrba fms Blrjiàjrms fa tarrl, smnflfms fm blr, qua säm ms cuzjnajrms ilvljs.

M Lpjtm Blrjiàjrm Ms prjidjpljs avaitms fl rmtjil fa hmrfm säm mrfailfms pmr tmquas fa lpjtm, utjnjzlifm-sa, plrl jssm, fa ub lpjtm aspadjln5 m lpjtm fm blrjiàjrm. M lpjtm sarva, tlbhêb, plrl d`lblfls fa quab axarda cuiçñas aspadâcjdls mu plrl lnguis avaitms qua aivmnvlb paquail plrta fl trjpunlçäm. Ana tab sjfm, lm nmigm fms tabpms, ubl fls paçls bljs dlrldtarâstjdls fm aqujplbaitm fa usm passmln fl gaita fa


84

hmrfm. Ms gragms a ms rmblims rmblims eì m uslvlb plrl clzar l blrdlçäm blrdlçäm fm rjtbm fms bmvjbaitms bmvjbaitms fa rabm ils glnês. Dmb m plsslr fms lims, m lpjtm sa tmrimu ubl aspêdja fa fjstjitjvm fa lutmrjflfa a basbm fa `mirl. Il Jignltarrl, m Nmrf @jg` Lfbjrln uslvl uslvl ub lpjtm fa murm lm pasdmçm, prasm pmr ubl dmrraita? ub lpjtm fa prltl arl uslfm pånms Mcjdjljs ab Dmblifm, dmbm "Lpjtm fa Dmblifm". Arlb navlfms tljs sâbhmnms ab tlitl dmisjfarlçäm qua, ab dmbhlta, ub mcjdjln qua uslssa ub lpjtm pracarjl emgì -nm lm blr l fajxì-nm dljr ab bäms jijbjgls. M lpjtm, `mea, dmitjiul prasm lm pasdmçm pmr ub dlflrçm fa tadjfm a tab utjnjzlçäm plrl ms tmquas fa rmtjil a dmblifm fa blimhrls. Ls cljils fa hmrfm, ljifl `mea, ab aspadjln ls blimhrls qua axjgab dmmrfailçäm a mrfais dmitâiuls fa ub Bastra mu Dmitrlbastra, säm dmifuzjfls smbaita dmb tmquas fa lpjtm. Clzå-nm lms grjtms faimtl pmudl qulnjflfa qulnjflfa blrjiàjrl fm fjrjgaita fjrjgaita fl cljil a sul aqujpa. aqujpa. M Mcjdjln fa Tarvjçm utjnjzl ub lpjtm, qua iäm ê m trlfjdjmiln, a sarva plrl dubprjbaitlr mu raspmifar raspmifar l dubprjbaitms fms darjbmijljs (`mirls fa plsslgab) fa ilvjms mu nlid`ls dmb lutmrjflfas qua plsslb lm nlrgm? bls, m dlflrçm qua m praifa lm pasdmçm blitêb-sa dmbm plrta fm sâbhmnm trlfjdjmiln. Ms tmquas fa lpjtms astäm gruplfms, pmr tjpms, ab tmquas fa5 Dmitjiåidjl a Darjbmijln, Cljils, [assmln Tuhlntarim, Fjvjsñas a Blimhrls

Lnlblras Ims tabpms fa dlvlnlrjl liflita, il Jflfa Bêfjl, ms leuflitas nlvlvlb ms dlvlnms a luxjnjlvlb ms dlvlnajrms, dmb lrblfurls, l bmitlr, tln arl m pasm fassas lpatrad`ms. Fapmjs qua ms dlvlnajrms bmitlvlb, ms leuflitas sa lclstlvlb fls bmitlrjls a fms dàcas, cjdlifm pmrêb ils bäms dmb m dlhm (dmrfl) im hrlçm, il lnturl fm mbhrm. Ljifl `mea, ms leuflitas fa mrfais uslb, dmb glrhm, assl paçl, prjbjtjvlbaita ùbjnfa, prasl lm mbhrm im uijcmrba. Bls, m dmieuitm dmbpnatm ê dmistjtuâfm fassa paquaim dlhm (dmrfan), euitm dmb ms lnlblras, qua säm l rabjijsdåidjl fl litjgl dmrraita, qua ls lutmrjflfas ilvljs uslvlb uslvlb plrl paifurlr ms lpjtms, ub sâbhmnm fa lutmrjflfa eì dmbaitlfm. Lssjb, m dmieuitm cmrblfm panms lnlblras (lutmrjflfa) a sau dlhm (leuflita) - asta utjnjzlfm smntajrm ims uijcmrbas jitarims - sjgijcjdlb „leuflita fa ubl lutmrjflfa‒. Ms Mcjdjljs Dàcas fa Astlfm -Bljmr a Mcjdjljs fm Glhjiata fa ubl lutmrjflfa ilvln tlbhêb uslb assa sâbhmnm, pmr sarab saus leuflitas


86

bljs fjratms. M dmieuitm ê uslfm fm nlfm asquarfm, pmrêb ms Mcjdjljs fm Glhjiata Bjnjtlr fl [rasjfåidjl fl Xapõhnjdl uslb ms lnlblras fm nlfm fjrajtm.

Dmifadmrlçñas a Bafln`ls Ls dmifadmrlçñas a bafln`ls säm uslfls im nlfm asquarfm fm pajtm. M dmstuba, qua iäm ê lpails ilvln, vab fm tabpm fls druzlfls, qulifm ms dlvlnajrms trlzjlb l jisâgijl fa sul Mrfab (ls Mrfais fl Dlvlnlrjl) partm fm dmrlçäm. Arl, tlbhêb, pmrqua m asdufm cjdlvl im hrlçm asquarfm? a lssjb, prmtagjl iäm smbaita m dmrlçäm, bls l jisâgijl fa `mirl.

LNGQBLT AP[XATTÑAT DMXXJ\QAJXLT

'TLCM' "Tlcm" ê tlnvaz l plnlvrl bljs usuln il Blrji`l. Tarva plrl tufm qua astì dmrraifm hab, mu plrl tufm qua clz ls dmjsls dmrrarab hab5 "Mcjdjln slcm, Blrjiàjrm slcm. L cljil astì slcl. L aitrlfl ê slcl, pmfa fabliflr5 fabliflr5 iäm `ì hlidms". hlidms".

'MIÇL' "Miçl" ê tlbhêb ubl axprassäm fa grlifa usm. Tjgijcjdl fjcjdunflfa5 "miçl fa fjiàjrm, miçl fa smhrasslnaitas". "Astlr il miçl" ê astlr ab lpurms. "L miçl astì smntl", quar fjzar qua tufm vlj bln. Assl axprassäm vab fa ubl van`l `jstôrjl fa ubl miçl fa djrdm, qua arl trlispmrtlfl l hmrfm fa ub ilvjm bardlita a sa smntmu fl elunl, furlita ub tabpmrln.

'TLCL MIÇL' "Tlcl miçl" ê l dmbhjilçäm fls fuls axprassñas litarjmras. Tjgijcjdl slnvlçäm. Tlcl miçl ê tufm qua smnudjmil ubl abargåidjl. "Tlcaj l miçl, lglrrlifm-ba l ubl tìhul qua cnutulvl...M bau slcl miçl cmj ub paflçm fa quajem, qua ljifl rastlvl im hlrdm? fm dmitrìrjm, bmrrarjl fa cmba".

'[AGLX'


81

"[aglr" ê m dmitrìrjm fa astlr slcm. "Astlr paglifm" sjgijcjdl qua iäm astì flifm dartm5 "Vaiaita, m rlid`m astì paglifm! Iäm dàgmu l dlria! Asta blrjiàjrm ljifl astì bujtm jiaxparjaita5 dmb ana tufm pagl...Dmbliflita, pagl...Dmbli flita, iäm pufa pufa dàglr l tabpm, l nlid`l pagmu pagmu hab im bajm fl hlâl!" [lrada qua l axprassäm vab fa "paglr tabpm", mu sael, paglr blu tabpm. Cunlim astì paglifm tabpm, plrl rasmnvar l prjbajrl quastäm fa sul prmvl...Lquana blruem iäm dmisaguju slclr-sa plrl l plrlfl5 pagmu tabpm, plrl lrrlielr ub hmiê hmiê imvm". imvm".

'XMTDL CJIL', 'SMGL NLXGL', A 'SMGL [JDLFL' Il gârjl blruel, bujtls axprassñas axtarilb m uijvarsln hmb ùbmr mu aspjrjtumsjflf aspjrjtumsjflfaa qua dlrldtarjzlb ms `mbais fm blr. Ls axprassñas „rmsdl cjil‒, „vmgl pjdlfl‒ a „vmgl nlrgl‒ säm lnguis axabpnms5 „Xmsdl cjil‒ (mu ljifl „vmgl pjdlfl‒) faimbjil m suparjmr, Mcjdjln mu [rlçl, qua ê axjgaita il mhsarvèidjl fls imrbls a ragunlbaitms, hab dmbm il axaduçäm fls cljils a tlracls, pmr sj a panms suhmrfjilfms.. M litöijbm ê m „vmgl nlrgl‒. suhmrfjilfms L mrjgab fm prjbajrm astì im „lpartm‒, il „prassäm‒ jbprassl panm dàca, dmbplrlfl panm blrjiàjrm l fm plrlcusm dmb rmsdl cjil - qua „lpartl bljs‒. L saguifl vab fa „vmgl‒, qua ê l vanmdjflfa fl rablfl fjtlfl panm plträm lms rablfmras ab ubl abhlrdlçäm l rabms. [mfa sar ubl „vmgl pjdlfl‒ (ragjba fa vanmdjflfa bljmr, pmrtlitm bljs axlustjvm plrl ms rablfmras) mu „vmgl nlrgl‒ (vanmdjflfa lbail, bljs dlnbl, bljs trliqujnl).


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