SUMM ER V"! I"N# RINI N$ 245
By:
Traction Traction Motors and Traction Alternators
Under the guidance of:
VARSHA VARSHA KHEMKA KHEMK A
Mr. VIKAS RAWTIYA SIR
3rd Year, Electrical Electric al department departme nt UNIVERSIY !"##E$E "% EN$INEERIN$, R-S.N E!.NI!# UNIVERSIY, UNIVERSI Y, /" 0R-S.N1 0R-S. N1
Manager &M&E& &M&E& 'i(i)ion, Bloc* I+ B.E#, Bhopal
CERTIFICATE
hi) i) to certify that VRS. /.EM/, )tudent of 243647 8atch of Electrical Engineering 8ranch, 3 rd year of Uni(er)ity !ollege of Engine Engineeri ering ng Ra9a)t Ra9a)than han echnica chnicall Uni(er Uni(er)it )ity, y, /ota /ota ha) )ucce) )ucce))fu )fully lly completed her indu)trial training at B.E#, Bhopal from 23 rd May6 45th -uly 245& She ha) completed the training a) per the training report )u8mitted 8y her&
'E:645745
Mr. VIKAS RAWTIYA
Manager &M&E& &M&E& 'i(i)ion, Bloc* I+ B.E#, Bhopal
DECLARATION
CERTIFICATE
hi) i) to certify that VRS. /.EM/, )tudent of 243647 8atch of Electrical Engineering 8ranch, 3 rd year of Uni(er)ity !ollege of Engine Engineeri ering ng Ra9a)t Ra9a)than han echnica chnicall Uni(er Uni(er)it )ity, y, /ota /ota ha) )ucce) )ucce))fu )fully lly completed her indu)trial training at B.E#, Bhopal from 23 rd May6 45th -uly 245& She ha) completed the training a) per the training report )u8mitted 8y her&
'E:645745
Mr. VIKAS RAWTIYA
Manager &M&E& &M&E& 'i(i)ion, Bloc* I+ B.E#, Bhopal
DECLARATION
I, VARSHA VARSHA KHEMKA, KHE MKA, uni(er)ity )cholar no& 43EU!EE;, )tudent of UNIVERSITY COLLEGE OF ENGINEERING, KOTA (RAJ.) here8y declare that the report entitled “TRACTION MOTOR AND TRACTION ALTERNATOR” i) my o
pro9ect report,
VRS. /.EM/ /.EM /
ACKNOWLEDGEMENT ?ith ?ith profound re)pect and gratitude, I ta*e the opportunity to con(ey my than than*) *) to comp comple lete te the the trai traini ning ng here here&& I e@pr e@pre) e))) grat gratit itud udee to the the Arogram Arogram Manager Manager and other other faculty faculty mem8er) mem8er) of Electrica Electricall Engineering Engineering 'epartment of Uni(er)ity !ollege "f Engineering, Ra9a)than echnical Uni(er)ity for pro(iding thi) opportunity to undergo indu)trial training at B.E#, Bhopal& I do e@tend my heartfelt than*) to Mr& Sure)h Nema, Mr& Vi*a) Ra
BHEL OVERVIEW B.E# ran)mi))ion, Indu)try, ran)portation, elecommunication, Rene
In the '!1& Supplied o(er 2C motor)
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B.E# manufacture) o(er 4= product) under 3 ma9or product group) and cater) to core )ector) of the Indian Economy (i&, Ao ran)mi))ion, Indu)try, ran)portation, elecommunication, Rene relia8ility of it) product) i) due to the empha)i) on de)ign, engineering and manufacturing to international )tandard) 8y acDuiring and adapting )ome of the 8e)t technologie) from leading companie) in the ' center)&
B.E# ha) acDuired certification) to uality Management Sy)tem) 0IS" ;41, En(ironmental Management Sy)tem) 0IS" 441 and "ccupational .ealth > Safety Management Sy)tem) 0".SS 4=41 and i) al)o
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Mii!"# Ko 8e an Indian multinational engineering pro(iding total 8u)ine)) )olution through Duality product )y)tem and )er(ice) in the field of energy, tran)portation, indu)try, infra)tructure and other potential area& V$%&'# En)ure )peed of re)pon)e& • %o)ter learning, creati(ity and team
companyF) capa8ility and re)ource) to e@pand 8u)ine)) in to allied area and priority )ector of economy li*e defen)e, communication and electronic)& BHEL OBJECTIVES dynamic organiation i) one producti(ity and to generate adeDuate internal re)ource) to finance the companyF) gro
I2$1' o fulfill the e@pectation),
.ea(y Electrical Alant, Bhopal i) the mother plant of Bharat .ea(y Electrical) #imited, the large)t engineering and manufacturing enterpri)e in India in the energy6related and infra)tructure )ector, today& It i) located at a8out 7 *m)& %rom Bhopal Rail Nuclear ur8ine), .eat E@changer), .ydro > ur8o $enerator), ran)former), S
he .ydro #a8oratory, Ultra .igh Voltage la8oratory and !entre for Electric ran)portation are the only la8 of it) in thi) part of the Rene
+OWER SECTOR Ao I up to C M? rating
B.E# ha) contracted )o far around 2 thermal )et) of (ariou) rating),
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It po))e))e) the technology and capa8ility to procure thermal po
!u)tom made hydro )et) of %ranci), pelton and *epian type) for different head di)charge com8ination are al)o engineering and manufactured 8y B.E#& In, all 7 utility )et) of thermal, hydro, ga) and nuclear ha(e 8een placed on the company a) on date& he po
+OWER TRANSMISSION AND DISTRIBUTION (T6D) B.E# offer ' application) Aroduct)& manufactured include po
)y)tem) 0for po
B.E# i) geared up to turn*ey e@ecution of electric trolley 8u) )y)tem), light rail )y)tem) etc& B.E# i) al)o di(er)ifying in the area of port handing eDuipment and pipeline) tran)portation )y)tem)& 5C of train) in Indian Rail
TELECOMMUNICATION B.E# al)o cater) to telecommunication )ector 8y
he company manufacture)
RESEARCH AND DEVELO+MENT(R6D) o remain competiti(e and meet cu)tomer)F e@pectation), B.E# lay) great empha)i) on the continuou) up gradation of product) and related technologie), and de(elopment of ne< product)& he company ha) upgraded it) product) to contemporary le(el) through continuou) in hou)e effort) a) ' i) among)t the large)t in the corporate )ector in India& B.E#H) (i)ion i) to 8ecome a
gi(e )hape to it) a)piration) and fulfill the e@pectation) of the country to 8ecome a glo8al player& he greate)t )trength of B.E# i) it) highly )*illed and committed 2,5 employee)& E(ery employee i) gi(en an eDual opportunity to de(elop him)elf and gro< in hi) career& !ontinuou) training and retraining, career planning, a po)iti(e ' center )upported 8y R > ' group) at each of the manufacturing di(i)ion)& he dedicated effort of B.E#H) R > ' engineer) ha(e produced )e(eral ne< product) li*e automated )torage retrie(al )y)tem automated guide (ehicle) for material tran)portation etc& E)ta8li)hment of )iaH) large)t fuel e(aluation te)t facility at iruchi ' achie(ement include: 'e)ign manufacture and )upply of countrie) fir)t 47&2 M? indu)trial )team tur8ine)& 'e(elopment of 7 .A ! '! loco for Indian Rail
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ccording to e@6 !M' Mr& R&/&'& Shah, PB.E# i) )pending R)& 5 !rore) on Re)earch and 'e(elopment& Earning from product
manufacture 8oiler) and )team tur8ine) ur8ine generator up to 7 M? capacity& G$7B$'4 +!'r +%$" $a) tur8ine) of up to 2= M? 0IS"1 ad(ance cla)) rating& $a) tur8ine68a)ed co6generation and com8ined6cycle )y)tem) of indu)try and utility application)&
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T*'r' $r' !*'r 0r!4&/ 1i5'" $ !%%! .ydro Ao Aromma)he@port !ontrol $ear)& RUSSI
Bypa)) > Are))ure Reducing Sy)tem)
Suler Brother #td& S?IER#N'
Electronic utomation Sy)tem for Steam ur8ine > $enerator)
Siemen) $& $ERMNY
%ranci) ype .ydro ur8ine)
$eneral Electric
!N'
Moi)ture Separator Reheater)
Balo*e 'uerr $ERMNY
!hri)tma) ree) > !on(entional ?ell
National "il ?ell .ead ))em8lie), US
Steam ur8ine) , $enerator) and @ial !onden)er)
Siemen) $& $ERMNY
!am Shaft !ontroller) and raction) !urrent !ontrol Unit)
Siemen) $& $ERMNY
MAJOR CUSTOMERS OF B.H.E.L S&00%i'4 ! $%% 2$8!r &i%ii' i" I"4i$ # National hermal Ao
rinidad > o8ago Ne< ealand anania etc DIVISIONS OF BHEL here are 2 'i(i)ion) of B.E#, they are a) follo<): .EEA, .arid M.', iruchi !%%A, .arid
.ERA, Varana)i Regional "peration) 'i(i)ion RA, Ne< 'elhi A$, Bhopal Ao
MANUFACTURING UNIT OF BHEL Fir G'"'r$i!" U"i
B."A#
.ea(y Electrical Alant
.R'?R
.ea(y Electrical EDuipment Alant
.Y'ERB'
.ea(y Electrical Ao
IRU!.Y
.igh Are))ure Boiler Alant
S'/!"4 G'"'r$i!" U"i
-.NSI
ran)former and #ocomoti(e Alant
.R'?R
!entral %oundry and %orge Alant
IRU!.Y
Seamle)) Steel u8e Alant
U"i T*r!&1* A/9&iii!" $"4 M'r1'r
BN$#"RE
Electronic 'i(i)ion Electro Aorcelain 'i(i)ion
N' M$"&$/&ri"1 U"i
RNIA
Boiler u@iliarie) Alant
-$'IS.AUR
In)ulator Alant
RU'RAUR
!omponent and %a8rication Alant
BN$#"RE
Indu)trial Sy)tem $roup
B.E# Bhopal ha) total 4 8loc*) )preaded around 2 )D*m& It include)& B%!/: (;A)
A%M6 pre fa8rication manufacturing& S%M6 )tart fa8rication manufacturing&
BLOCK7;
.!M6heat and conden)er manufacturing& *4r! &r-i"'
?M6
EM6 electric manufacturing& #EM6 large electric motor manufacturing& A#M6 plant large motor& .RA6 hea(y rotor plant& IMM6 indu)trial motor manufacturing&
M6 traction alternator motor +M6 traction motor&
BLOCK7=
!B6tran)former capacitor and 8u)hing& BLOCK7>
S!R6 )
%YM6 foundry manufacturing& BLOCK7@
SM6 )team tur8ine manufacturing&
BLOCK7
M"' > ?E+ J moderni)ation >
BLOCK7
!IM6 coil > in)ulation mgf& BLOCK7
+M6 traction motor > mgf&
BLOCK7;
ARM6 pre)) )hop mgf& BLOCK7;;
$M6 tool > gauge mgf& NEW TRANSFORMER BLOCK(;< KV)
In it hea(y tran)former are manufactured& GOLDEN JUBLI7 HYDRO BLOCK HYDRO TURBINE &
U.V6 ultra high (oltage& It i) u)ed for te)ting the tur8ine and and eDuipment come) from all o(er )ia& .#+6 hydro tur8ine te)ting la8&
FUNDAMENTAL TRACTION •
raction i) defined a) a phy)ical proce)) in
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Tr$/i!" refer) to ma@& %rictional force that can 8e produce 8<
)urface
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he unit) of traction are tho)e of force, or if e@pre))ed a) a coefficient of traction 0a)
Types of Traction Systems: S'$2 L!/!2!i5' I"'r"$% C!2-&i!" E"1i"' Di''% L!/!2!i5' Di''% E%'/ri/ L!/!2!i5' B$'r !0'r$'4 L!/!2!i5' E%'/ri/ Tr$/i!" S'2
Railways traction Classifcation o trains
LOCOMOTIVES DIESEL LOCOMOTIVE
'ie)el6electric locomoti(e)
propelled
unit&
#i*e the electric
locomoti(e, it ha) electric dri(e, in the form of traction motor) dri(ing the a@le) and controlled
alternator or generator that pro(ide) the po
ELECTRIC LOCOMOTIVE •
n electric locomoti(e i) a locomoti(e po
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Electric locomoti(e recei(e) current from o(erhead line through pantograph& hi) high (oltage i) )tep do
M&%i0%' &"i he term multiple unit or MU i) u)ed to de)cri8e a )elf6propelling train unit capa8le of coupling
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Electric Multiple Unit) 0EMUF)1
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'ie)el Multiple Unit) 0'MUF)1
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'ie)el Electric Multiple Unit) 0'EMUF)1
Mo)t MU) are po
TRACTION MOTOR MANUFACTURING (TM) hi) di(i)ion con)i)t) (ariou) )ection) a) follo<):6 4& 2& 3& & C&
Stator machine )hop !ommutator > core manufacturing Rotor manufacturing rmature
5& ))em8ly 7& e)ting
STATOR MACHINE SHO+ In thi) )hop )tator frame i) manufactured a) )ho
4& Ainion end )emi fini)hed 8oring 2& !ommutator end )emi fini)hed 8oring 3& !entre line mar*ing 08y !N! machine1 & 'rilling and apping of 8oth end) C& Aole Aad Machining 5& ll round machining 7& ll round drilling and tapping =& !learance 8ore ;& %inal 8oring 4& !entral 'i)tance0!'1 Machining 44& Bloc*)
All Round machining perorm various unction. a1 Aole hole machining& 81 he facing of du)t and other opening) 0for 8ru)h changing1 c1 Milling of )u)pen)ion Aad& d1 @le tu8e milling& e1 Aole pad milling f1 -oint %ace Machining& g1 $ang Machining& h1 Re)ting Aad Machining& i1 Bru)h $ear Aad Machining& 91 -oint .ole& *1 !o(er Machining& l1 !a8le .ole& m1 !a8le !lit&
ARMATURE n armature generally refer) to one of the t
he armature, in contra)t, mu)t carry current, )o it i) al
COMMUTATOR
commutator i) a mo(ing part in certain type of electric motor) and electrical generator) that periodically re(er)e) the current direction 8et
M$"&$/&ri"1 0r!/' ! COMM !"MM& 8ar i) mainly copper 8ar ha(ing t heated045deg1 thi) proce)) i) done 3 to time) JT (6turning 0!N! machine1 J Ta))em8ly JTcum hu8, mica (6ring, )teel (6ring, 8olt) JT le(eling08y pad1 JT 8alancing&
T'i"1 ! COMM
here are t
hi) i) the te)ting in
hi) the te)ting done for )eparator mica& By thi)
In thi) 8a)ically rotation of !"MM i) done& round 3rpm i) chec*ed according to rotation of rail
dou8le the train mo(ement and al)o temperature i) chec*ed& So that commutation i) )mooth& CORE7
!ore i) a com8ination of )ilicon )teel punching)& he armature core )hall 8e 8uilt of high permea8ility )teel lamination) a))em8led then )haft i) in)erted in 8< 8y )hrin* fitting&
ARMATURE WINDING he armature
the
+r!/' /*$r !r i"4i"1 $r'$
rmature from !"MM& > core )ection % EDuali)er ?inding SAN ES rmatureMain ?inding % "(en forC65 hr)& at 45645Cdeg&
emporary Bending
% ?edging > Aatching
%ir)t urning I I$ ?elding I "(en forC65 hr)& at 45645Cdeg&
Aermanent Bending0re)in gla))1
"(en forC65 hr)& at 45645Cdeg& I % Vaccum Are))ure Impregnation
"(en for 4642 hr)& at 4;64;C deg&
Second > %inal turning
Mica under cutting > A%E %itment I % Shipment to ))em8ly
HV FT T'i"17
hi) the te)ting done for coil in)ulation) li*e ho)trip > captain paper& By thi)
hi) the te)ting done for chec*ing interturn) > coil )eparation& In thi) te)t .V i) gi(en to armature only for fe< micro )ec& M ;7 J fter 4)t turning J 4&C *V fter I$ ?elding J 4&C *V fter ABfinal J &7C *V
ROTOR rotor i) the rotating part u)ed in the mo)t common form of ! induction motor & It con)i)t) of a cylinder of )teel
he motor rotor )hape i) a cylinder mounted on a )haft& Internally it contain) longitudinal conducti(e 8ar) 0u)ually made of aluminum or copper1 )et into groo(e) and connected at 8oth end) 8y )horting ring) forming a cage6li*e )hape& he name i) deri(ed from the )imilarity 8et
he )olid core of the rotor i) 8uilt
MAGNETIC FRAME FIELDING .ere pole), interpole), coil) are )et in the )tator frame&
Aole) from !IM 8loc* FIELD COILS •
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he main pole )hall 8e laminated& he optimum compole tip profile and compole air gap )hall 8e fi@ed after inten)i(e commutation and 8lac* 8and te)ting& he field coil) )hall 8e placed around pole core)
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he )upport point) of inter connection) )hall 8e pro(ided
ASSEMBLY SECTION In thi) area the armature and )tator i) a))em8led together &Bru)h holder and fi@ture are attached > 8earing a))em8ly i) done& !learance i) al)o chec*ed& he 8ru)h holder pro(ided in the motor )hall 8e Radial ype& he 8ru)h 8o@ de)ign )hall 8e )uch that the 8ru)he) )hould 8e )taggered to co(er the entire
Bru)h holder )pring )hall 8e conical )piral type&
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It )hall 8e po))i8le to remo(e and refit the 8ru)he) ea)ily during in)pection)&
%or con(enience in ! M! dropping i) done horiontal&
?hile in '! M! dropping i) done (ertical& •
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In 8earing a))em8ly, inner > outer 8earing are attached to armature 0to decrea)e friction > )mooth rolling1& End )hield) >clam8ering are al)o attached for )afety purpo)e& #u8rication i) al)o done 0for minimum friction1& he traction motor) than 8e pro(ided
TESTING ;. Li1* R&" T'7
e)ting u)ed to te)t (i8ration, temperature, )ound, rpm& %or mea)uring rpm optical tachometer i) u)ed& In thi) te)t fir)tly machine i) dri(en at a fi@ )peed for )ome time then at )ome more )peed then finally at o(er )peed for 2 min&
M ;76 Speed 46 44 rpm for 3 min& Speed 26 4C rpm for 4C min& "(er )peed6 23rpm for 2 min& hen temperature of 8earing i) chec*ed noi)e )hould 8e limited& $rading of car8on 8ru)h > 8edding )hould 8e done =& <. R!&i"' T'7
Series Hopkinson Test For DC Motors.op*in)onH) te)t i) a u)eful method of te)ting the efficiency of a dc machine& It i) a full load te)t and it reDuire) t
?hen the machine i) )tarted it i) )tarted a) motor& he )hunt field re)i)tance of the machine i) ad9u)ted )o that the motor can run at it) rated )peed& he generator (oltage i) no< made eDual to the )upply (oltage 8y ad9u)ting the )hunt field re)i)tance connected acro)) the generator& hi) eDuality of the)e t
Step4:6 !old re)i)tance 0R 41 i) mea)ured at con)tant V6I& Step2:6 .ot re)i)tance 0R 21 i) mea)ured after one hour running of motor at con)tant V6I& Step3:6 emperature ri)e i) mea)ured from R 4 to R 2& If temperature ri)e i) under limit then te)ted further other
StepC:6 !ommutation e)t6 )par*ing le(el i) chec*ed at con)tant V6I& Step5:6 "(er )peed te)t6 motor i) rotated at ma@imum )peed for 2 min Step7:6 .V e)t6 in)ulation i) chec*ed& NO Load & Full Load Test for C Motors6 he efficiency of large motor) can 8e determined 8y directly loading them and 8y mea)uring their input and output po
SHI+MENT7
fter te)ting , painting > cleaning of motor i) done& pre6di)patch in)pection i) done 8y !u)tomer repre)entati(e officer and then it i) )hipped to cu)tomer& he traction motor )hall 8e )upplied complete
TRACTION ALTERNATOR n $%'r"$!r i) an electrical generator that con(ert) mechanical energy to electrical energy in the form of alternating current& he traction $%'r"$!r generate) ! electricity
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he high (oltage capa8ility of the alternator pro(ide) a performance& he rotating diode) are protected 8y a )urge )uppre))or,
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he alternator i) forced cooled 8y an engine dri(en centrifugal 8lo
C%$ii/$i!" ! $%'r"$!r
41 ccording to application X utomoti(e type 6 u)ed in modern automo8ile& X 'ie)el electric locomoti(e type 6 u)ed in die)el electric multiple unit& X Marine type 6 u)ed in marine& &
X Bru)h le)) type 6 u)ed in electrical po
21 ccording to their de)ign X Salient pole type& X !ylindrical rotor type
TRACTION ALTERNATOR MANUFACTURING (TAM)
raction alternator con)i)t) of6
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Stator Rotor Rectifier Bridge& Slip ring), 8ru)he)
STATOR7 •
Stator i) the )tationary part of the alternator and contain) 36 pha)e armature
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he lamination) are pro(ided
STATOR WINDING7 •
he three pha)e
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he )tator
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4& %ir)t and mo)t important property of an armature
– #ap
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fter then into o(en for 4 hr)& Chr) at 4deg& > Chr) at 47deg& he 9o8 of alternator 6;;4 > ;24 i) dipped into poly 8uta dyne (arni)h > then into o(en for 4 hr)& 2hr) at 42deg, 2hr) at 4Cdeg& > 5hr) at 47Cdeg&& Testin! 8efore 8raing 81 fter VAI > 8efore di)patch fter thi) 9o8 i) di)patched to a))em8ly )ection&
ROTOR7 •
he rotor i) rotating part of the alternator& It carrie) a field
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hi) dc )ource 0e@citer1 i) generally a )mall dc generator mounted on the )haft of the alternator&
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he rotor contain) the field
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Each end of the rotor field
Di!4' R'/ii'r Bri41'7 he 'iode Rectifier Bridge i) re)pon)i8le for the con(er)ion or rectification the ! (oltage into '! (oltage&
V!%$1' R'1&%$!r he regulator
he alternating magnetic field from the )pinning rotor induce) an alternating (oltage into the )tator S pole po)ition 8y u)ing gal(anometer point deflection& 21 .V e)t6 9o8 i) *ept at C*( for 2 min& ASSEMBLY SECTION7
In thi) area the rotor and )tator i) a))em8led together &Bru)he), )lip ring) and diode Rectifier Bridge are attached > 8earing a))em8ly i) done& TESTING7
41 !urrent In9ection e)t6 hi) te)t i) done for healthine)) of electrical connection)& .igh current i) gi(en to alternator )o that it heat) up > all connection) are chec*ed& 21 .eat Run e)t6 lternator i) dri(en at full load current for one
hour& hen (i8ration), temperature, air outlet > inlet all are mea)ured on each )ide, all )hould 8e under limit& 31 "pen !ircuit e)t6 In hi) te)t field (oltage > output of 8oth rectifier are mea)ured 8y (arying field current& he open6circuit te)t or the no6load te)t, i) performed 8y dri(ing the generator at it) rated )peed field current are mea)ured 8y (arying load current& he )hort6circuit te)t pro(ide) information a8out the current capa8ilitie) of a )ynchronou) generator& It i) performed 8y dri(ing the generator at it) rated )peed
he current for the traction motor i) o8tained from traction alternator& he 5 traction motor on the locomoti(e)
