L %e- (e G,ss ),e(e (e(,'*rse +te+&t*'+ente tr5s (e% ,s# (e% '#n'e)t# (e &n,%# s3%*(#? ,e es ,n '#n'e)t# +,- s*+*%r %#s /'t#res (e 5*st '#n#'*(#s en % trns/eren'* (e '%#r )#r r(*'*3n. E% &n,%# s3%*(# '#+#:
s*en(#
,e es s,!ten(*(# )#r
s#!re ,n s,)erF'*e es/r*'? se (eFne
e% r(*# (e % es/er.
'#+# e% &re t#t% (e % es/er es
e% &n,%# s3%*(# )r cdt#( % es/erdd es:
% ,n*(( (e este &n,%# es e% estere#rr(*&n @sr S* e% &re n# es )er)en(*',%r %s %0nes ,e s%en (e% #r*en ,e s,!t*en(e !,s' % )r#-e''*3n n#r+%? ,e es:
? se
S* se t*ene ,n 'r r#(e( )#r ,n s,)erF'*e ',%,*er? )r '%',%r e% W,"# ,e tr5*es est s,)erF'*e es ne'esr*# en'#ntrr )r '( e%e+ent# (e &re (e % s,)erF'*e? )r %,e# s,+r%#s. C#+# % s,)erF'*e ,e ),e(e estr r#(en(# % 'r ),e(e ser tn '#+)%e" '#+# ,*er? es +e"#r en'#ntrr ,n re%'*3n sen'*%% )r est #)er'*3n:
De est +ner es e% +*s+# &n,%# s3%*(# s,!enten(*(# )#r ,n s,)erF'*e es/r*'. '#+# se +#str3 ,n )#'# +&s rr*! )r ',%,*er es/er? (e ',%,*er r(*#. (e est /#r+ % s,+r t#(#s %#s W,"#s ,e tr5*esn % s,)erF'*e ,e(:
,e es % /#r+ *nter% (e % %e- (e G,ss. L %e- (e C#,%#+! t+!*n ),e(e (e(,'*rse tr5s (e Le- (e G,ss.
(orma di3erencial de la le+ de &auss ~ 7 ~