UNIVERSIDAD LAS AMERICAS AMERICAS DERECHO PENAL II
2015
[ E S C R I B I R L A D I R E C C I Ó N D E L A C O M PA Ñ Í A ]
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LOS DELITOS CULPOSOS EN EL PERU
INDICE 1.- INTRODUCCION 2.- ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS 3.- DEFINICION DE CULPA Y DELITO CULPOSO 4.- TIPOS SEGÚN EL CODIGO PENAL PERUANO 5.- TIPICIDAD, SUBETIVIDAD, OBETIVIDAD Y PENAS !.- LEGISLACION COMPARADA ".-COMENTARIOS #.-CONCLUSIONES $.-BIBLIOGRAFIA
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1.-INTRODUCCION E% &' ()&*' +%(%(+%/, /' )*% &' ')%(+' /' +%()&'(+% *+(&+(' (% & )&/' *)(+ 6, % &' 7*&+(' 8''9&:%/ &' ()&*' (%(+%/, % ()'%/ /' % '+(' % &' *++% & *&+, +% % & '(/)' (%/' &' %:' ()+'. E% & &+/ ()&* *) & '(%/ % &' '((+% 8+%'& ;) & )</ ;)=' '&+>' 6 % &' 8'&/' & ()+' 7++ *'' &' +(? 8+% ;) % +&=(+/ % = :+:, +% % ()'%/ ' )%' 8(/)' '&+>'(+% &' (%)(/' *'' '&('%>'&. E%/%(, & '& '((+% % & &+/ ()&* '+('9' % &' 8'&/' &' +((+% 8+%'& 7++' * & D(?. E% / /'9'< : & A/=()& 111 6 121 & C+ P%'& ;) /'/' 9 & &+/ ()&*, & '%/(%/, 9</ *+%(+*'& % & (? *%', '%(+% +:*)/' * & <)(. L &+/ ()&* +%% ?'( ';)&& &+/ (:/+ * ()&*', :*>': * ' & (%(*/ 8+%+(+% 9 & &+/ ()&*.
2.- ANTECEDENTES HISTORICOS 2
A%/+)':%/ % (%(+ &' 8+)' & &+/ ()&*, '&)%' &+&'(+% O+%/, (: &' 9'9+&%+(', (%/%+' % & 8': C+ H'%:)'9=, &&'% ' /'9&( +/+%(+% %/ & ?(? ;)+ 6 & &)%/'+, &' B+9&+' ('/+'9' & *(' * +%'%(+' 6 * . E% G(+' *%'9' ' & :+( ;) * +:*+(+' <'9'% :+ ' & %8: 6 ' & +%++) ;) % & <) *@9&+( :'/'% +% *:+/'(+% '& ''+. E& (? :'% (&+( 8) & +%*+' &' +/+%(+% '& /'9&( &' 8+)' &' ()&*' AUILIANA, 8+)' &+(/)' (% /' &' ('/=' &' 8'&/' +&+%(+', /'& (: &' ()&*' &, 6 &=+:'. E% & (? ('%%+(, */'% :'6 '/%(+% ' &' &)%/', ;) '& )&/' * &' +%8&)%(+' & (? :'%, & (? :%+( 6 & 8'%(, +%*+' % & ('/+ & )&/', :+8+( &' (%(*(+% &' I&+' 6 8) '(*/'' % &' &6 *%'& &' 8+)' & &+/ ()&*. P @&/+:, &' ()&' *+/++/', ;) *(%+>' & ('/+ +%++), *;) + % (+', 6 7':+%' & &+/ 9'< & *)%/ +/' (+&+(, ?' /'(' &' 8+)' &' ()&*' % &' '((+% ) :++%. D)'%/ &' ?+/+' & P@, *: 9' ;) )% & *9&:' ;) *%/' % ;) ::%/ / ?'9&'% )% ?:+(++ ()&*, *'' ;) & &+/ ('&+8+;) (: /'&. C% & '&& &' &+&'(+% ?' &&' ' /:+%' ;) +(? &+/ % (:/+ /'%/ * & )</ *+/+ (: * & '(/+, *'' ;) (%+ ()&* 9 (%):' % ) //'&+', / :/+ / /+*+8+(' % & A/.111 & (+ *%'& % &' ()'& /' (:/+ * %&+%(+'.
1.1.- ANTECEDENTES LEGISLATIVOS 3
L' +:*)%(+' &'(+%'' (% & 9+% <)=+( +' 6 &' 8'(+&+' (% ;) *) /)+, ?'% /:+%' ;) ' */+ (%/' &' '((+% ()&*', ;) *)% (')' &' :)/ )%' *%' & &+&' ?' /'&&' / /+* '((+% % & '/=()& 111 & C+, &+&' % / '/=()& ?' )/+&+>' &' *'&'9' ()&*', E% & C+ ' 1$24 % ) '/=()& 15! ;) (+/': +( E& ;) * %&+%(+' (')' &' :)/ )%' *%', *+:+ (% *++% % :% )% : %+ :'6 (+%( ', + * %&+%(+', & &+%()%/ ?)9+ +%8+%+ )% 9 ) 8)%(+%, ) *8+% +%)/+'.
3.- DEFINCION DE CULPA E:*>': (% &' 8+%+(+% ;) L' culpa, +% ?'( &' +:*)/'(+% ;) '&+>' ' '&)+% * )%' (%)(/' ;) % * )%' '((+%. L' ()&*', (%+/ %/%( % &' :++% &' (%)(/' *'' * 6 +/' )% ', ' * %&+%(+', +:*)%(+' +:*+(+'. E<:*& L' 8':+&+' & '(/ ')' ;) &' /&&' )+(+ * ()&*' & '( *+=/+(. E% & :9+/ & D(?, &' ()&*' ?'( 8%(+' ' &' omii!" #$ #ili%$"cia $&i%i'l$ a
u" u($)o, / +:*&+(' ;) & ?(? ' ;) & +:*)/' :/+' ) *%'9+&+' (++& *%'&. U% #$li)o culpoo / ' * & '(/ &' :++% ;) %' )% )&/' ;) '%(+%' * &' &6 *%'&, & ()&*'9& 9=' ?'9 *+/ +(? )&/' % (':9+, % '(/) (% & ()+' ;) 9='. L' ()&*' +:* +:*&+('' )% '((+%' +:*)%/ 6 ()+' % (':9+ & #olo, / ' * & (%(+:+%/ 6 &' &)%/' '&+>' )%' (%)(/' *)%+9& ;) (%/+/)6 )% &+/.
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E<:*& )% ?:9 ;) +*'' (%/' / /+% +%/%(+% ?+& 7+/ & % (':9+, + )%' *%' / &+:*+'% )% ':' 6 +*'' * , ()&*'9& ')%;) % 7+/' & &. P / &' ' +%/'%(+' &' *'/ &' P+(&=' &' ()&*' )%' '((+% ) :++% ;) %' )% %/+:+%/ *%'9+&+' * )% ' (')'. E<:*& S+%/ ;), * :+ ()&*', :+ *' )8+ :'+'.
DELITO CULPOSO E% & &+/ ()&* % ?'6 (+%(+%(+' %/ & ;)+ 6 & '&+>' * & ')/, &' 8+%'&+' & '%/ % ' *)(+ & ?(? (:/+. L' +%/%(+% / +++' ' &' 9/%(+% )% **+/ ;) % / '*9' * & % <)=+(. M+%/' & &+/ & & )</ % ;)+ (:/ & ?(? *+/, % '(*/' ?'(&, * & '&+>' * % 9' & ()+' 9+. L &+/ ()&* % ';)&& % ;) +8+(' )% )&/' ', *)(/ &' 8'&/' ()+' % ;) ?' +%()+ & )</ '(/+ '& <()/' )%' (%)(/'.
E&i)$" 2 )ipo #$ Culpa Culpa co"ci$")$* A;)= % & )</ '(/+ ?' 8+)' &' + &' '&+>'(+% &' (%()%(+', ')%;) &' ?' (?'>' 6' ;) (% &' (%8+'%>' ;) &&' & ::%/ & +/'' % )(, / & ;) &+' ' &' ()&*' (% & & %/)'&. A;)= ?'9 )% (%(+:+%/ 8(/+ & &+/.
Culpa i"co"ci$")$*
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N ?'6 )% (%(+:+%/ 8(/+ & *&+, & )</ ?' *+ 6 ?' 9+ 8+)' &' *+9+&+' & )&/', +% :9', % & ?' ?+>. A;)= & ?'6 )% (%(+:+%/ */%(+'& & *&+.
+.-TIPOS SEG,N EL CODIGO PENAL I.- DELITOS CONTRA LA VIDA EL CUERPO LA SALUD.
PERUANO.
1. H:+(++ ' H:+(++ ()&* 2. L+% ' L+% ()&*' L' &+&'(+% )&'% &' ()&*' 8:' '. NU/ERUS CLAUSUS &' **+' &6 /'9&( ()'% )% &+/ ()&*, *+%(+*+ &'&+' 6 *+%(+*+ @&/+:' '/+, @% & '/."$ & C+ P%'&, % ;) +% '&+ & &:%/ &' **+' &6 *%'& % & /+*, *) +%++)'&+>' *8(/':%/ &' (%)(/' *?+9+'. 9. NU/ERUS APERTUS E& &+/ ()&* /:+%' (% &' +:*& +%/*/'(+% *%'&, & ;) 9% (:*&/' * & <)>, '()+% ' )%' +*+(+% %:' ('(/ %'& ;) %()%/' 8)' & /+*, & /+* '9+/, )&/' +%)8+(+%/ *'' +%++)'&+>' &' (%)(/' *?+9+', & ;) )( (% & /+* ()&* % *+9& +%++)'&+>' &' (%)(/' *?+9+' + % '() ' /' %:' ;) % +%+;) ()'& & ()+' ' ) (' ;) /%=' & )</ '(/+.
0.- TIPICIDAD SUETIVA OETIVA PENAS. ELE/ENTOS TIPICOS* OETIVO SUETIVO ELE/ENTO OETIVO* E& &:%/ 8)%':%/'& & /+* ()&* &' 8'&/' ()+', &' ()&*' ) )% +/:' &'(+% (+'&, ;) +:*&+(' %('+':%/ &' 7+/%(+' /, ()'% &' &6 :%(+%' &' +:*)%(+', +:*& /:'+' '&) ' &' %&+%(+'
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P & /'%/ & ()+' 9</+ ;) '&+( & ')/, &' '((+% (%+'' /=*+(' 6 * /'%/ +:*)%/, 6' ;) & <)+(+ %:'/+ *% &' (%/'(/'(+% %/ &' (%)(/' **+' )% ?:9 :+, (:@%, '>%'9& 6 *)%/ % &' ?(? & */'%+/' 6 &' 9'' * & '%/ % & (' (%(/.
SUETOS DEL DELITO 1 SUETO ACTIVO.P) ()'&;)+ *%', '& ('( & /+* *%'& )%' 7+%(+' '+(+%'& *(/ ' &' ('&+' (''(/=/+(' *%'& & ')/, % & A/. 111 (%+' (: )% &+/ (:@% ;) *)' '&+>' * ()'&;)+ (+)''%, +:* ;) +%8+%<' )% 9 9</+ ()+' 6 & )&/' & ' +:*)/'9&.
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()
(')'&
)&'
&
'&&
)%
(:*/':+%/.
E% (%()%(+' & (:*/':+%/ (%+/ % :'/' ' /, ;)+ )% %7 (')'&+' %/ & (:*/':+%/ ()&* 6 & )&/' :)/. E% &' *(/+(' & &+/ ()&* /% &'(+%' (% & '((+%/ /%+/, +% % / % & (+/+ ;) /:+%'% &' *+9+&+' +:*)/' 9</+':%/ & )&/' '& (:*/':+%/ & )</. A: % & /+* *%'& & ?:+(++ ()&* &' (%)(/' (%+/ % & (:*/':+%/ (% & ()'& & )</ ;)9'%/' *(')(+% 9+' 6 *+9&, ' 9'% (% +:*)%(+', %&+%(+' +:*+(+', &':%/ %:' +(+*&+%'+'.
ELE/ENTOSUETIVO L (+/ ;) &' :'6 )/+&+' % &' 7+/%(+' & /+* )9</+ / (%/'' % &' +/+%(+% %/ )%' (%)(/' '&+>'' (% & %/)'& 6 /' (% ()&*' (% *%/'(+% E& /+* & &+/ & (: & & &+/ +:*)%/ (%/+%% )% /+* )9</+, / &:%/ )9</+ & /+* )9</+ / *%/' * & (%(+:+%/. E% & &+/ & (&' ;) & /+* )9</+ / ' * & (%(+:+%/ / & &:%/ & /+* 9</+.
DOLO.E &' +%/%(+% &)%/' &+%' & 9+% <)=+(, * & /'%/ % ?:+(++ ()&* ;)+ &' %&+%(+', &' +:*)%(+' +:*+(+' ' &' ?' &+%' & 9+% <)=+(.
CULPA.E& ')/ 9' (% (%(+:+%/ ?+*//+( (%(/ &' *+9+&+' *)(+ &' :)/ /(, % ) ;) & '%/, '& '(/)', 9+ * ()&*'
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+%(%(+%/ *) ' *++9&:%/ ()&*' (%+%/ & )&/' * )9/+: &' +/)'&+' ) ()%(+'. L' /+*+(+' )9</+' ' %/%( * &' *++9+&+' % *+/' +% ;) && /: % ()%/'. E% (%()%(+' ;)+ ;) &' ()&*' +%(%(+%/, ()'% ?'9&' ()&*' ?'6 ;) *'/+ &' +' ;) & )</ % ;)+ *)(+&, * &' %:' 7+ &' '&+>'(+% )%' '((+% +% &' +&+%(+' 9+'.
PENAS L' :'&+' % & (' & ?:+(++ ()&* *%' *+'/+' &+9/' % :'6 2 '. L' :'&+' ()'% (%)( 9'< 8(/ /' /)*8'(+%/ % /' 9+' ()'% % '+ +(/+:' & :+: ?(? &+(/+, &' /(%+(' /'%+/ *+'/+' &+9/' % :% ()'/ ' %+ :'6 (? '. L' /' :'&+' % :'6 4 ' 6 + '''' &' *%'&+' % :'6 ! '. E% &' *'(/+(' & ?:+(++ ()&* % & P@, )&/' +:*)%, (%+' )%' %/%(+' (%%'/+' /'/% )%' *%'&+' :% ' ':9 )*)/ +:*& '' & <)>' *)'% '*&+('% *%' *+'/+' &+9/' (%+(+%'&:%/ )*%+' & ;) / '% &)' ' ;) &' +:*)%(+' % & (':9+ +% ;) &' %:' ():*&' ) 8+% *%/+ %'& *(+'&.
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4.- LEGISLACI5N CO/PARADA C% & 8+% &' )% :< %/%+:+%/ %('+ 6 @/+& '%'&+>' &' %:' / &)', * && ;) ?' )% 9 *' ' ) &+&'(+%. L' L+&'(+% E*'&' D%/ & ?:+(++ 6 ) 8:', %/ & T=/)& I & L+9 II & C+ P%'&, '/=()& 13# ' 143, ('/+' & ?:+(++ +:*)%/ % & '/=()& 142 1 E& ;) * +:*)%(+' ' (')' &' :)/ /, ('/+', (: ?:+(++ +:*)%/, (% &' *%' *++% )% ' ()'/ '. 2 C)'% & ?:+(++ +:*)%/ ' (:/+ )/+&+>'% )% ?=()& ' :/, )% (+(&:/ )% ':' 8), +:*% '= :+:, 6 *(/+':%/, &' *%' *+'(+% & (? ' (%)(+ ?=()& ' :/ 6 (+(&:/ &' *+'(+% & (? ' &' /%%(+' 6 */ ':', )% ' + '. 3 C)'% & ?:+(++ 8) (:/+ * +:*)%(+' *8+%'& +:*% ': &' *%' +%?'9+&+/'(+% *(+'& *'' & <(+(+ &' *8+%, 8+(+ (' * )% *+ / ' + '. E% & A/. 142.1, (: )&/' & '/=()& 12 & C+ P%'&, ;) /'9&( )% +/:' %):) (&')), & ;) (''(/+>' & ?:+(++ +:*)%/ &' 8'&/' &, & ;) +/+%) ' / &+/ & ?:+(++ & ('/+' % & '/=()& 13# & C+ P%'&. L' ')%(+' & (%+/ % &' 8'&/' (%(+:+%/ 6 &)%/' +%/%(+%'& +(/':%/ +++' ' (')' &' :)/ /' *%', +% :9', & *9&:' & &, % &' %:' *'&', /+% (: )&/' )% /+& ' 9</++>' )% &:%/ /'% :+%%/:%/ )9</+ (: & &, *) ) 7+/%(+' ?'( *% % &' +%/%(+% '& :'/', +% & :+ :*&' & &)' & ()* % ;) ?'6' ;)9'%/' & '/';), L' +/+%(+% /' +:*)%(+' ' (% &' +:*)%(+' &, /:+%'' * & ' +%8'((+% &' %:' ()+' 6 & ' *&++' &' (%)(/' & )</ '(/+, (%/+/)6% &' +:*)%(+' & & '/=()& !21.2 & C+ P%'&, &' +%8'((+% &' %:' ()+' % /'% &:%/'& (: &' )&%'' * &' 10
+:*)%(+' ', ;) */'=' % )% (+)''% %:'& *( +&+%/, +% )% (+)''% ()+'. P'' * '*(+' &' +:*)%(+' 6 '() (% &' <)+*)%(+' & T+9)%'& S)*: %('+ ;) (%()'% & +)+%/ ;)++/ - U%' '((+% ) :++% % &)%/'+':%/ +%/%(+%'& :'&+(+'. -
U%' '(/)'(+% %&+%/ * 8'&/' *++%.
-
U%' (')' %:'/+' *%/' * &' +%8'((+% & 9 9</+ ()+'.
-
O++%' )% ' & &+/ ?:+(++ +:*)%/ )% &+/ )&/'.
-
A()'' &'(+% (')'&+' %/ & *( ()+'.
P & ;) *(/' '& )*)/ : +:*/'%/ ;) *&'%/', & &' '&+>'(+% )%' '((+% &' &+%, +% %+: :'/', &' ;) +' )% )&/' :)/ * +:*)%(+', /'% '%/ )% (%() +'& &+% &' 6 )% &+/ 8'&/' +:*)%/ ?:+(++.
P @&/+:, & &+/ ?:+(++ * +:*)%(+' ', *) '&+>' %'/)'&:%/ * :++%, /'% 9''' &' +%8'((+% & 9 9</+ ()+' %, &' (%(+' %' 6 %(+9& & )</ '(/+, '((' ;) % (%()='% &' *+9+&+' *)((+% )% )&/' :)/.
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6.- CO/ENTARIOS. L &+/ +:*)%/ ()&* ()*'% ('' > : % &' &+/' /'=/+(' *&+(+'& 6 % & :+ (:)%+('(+%. E& ('/+ & &+/ ()&* /+% * 9</ :/+'' & +%++) *'' ;) % ) '(/ :*&% *%'% % / ::%/ *'' * '= 9/% & ()+' ;) ' %('+ *'' % &+%' +% <)=+( C)'% ?'9&': &+/ ()&* % 8+: ' &' '((+% &+(/+' ;) )% )* +%++) '&+>' +% +%/%(+% (')' )% ', &+% *&+ /'/' (%)(/' % &' ;) / ')%/ & & &' &)%/' (:/ )% &+/ (: * <:*&, ()'% ()% '((+%/ ')/:+&=/+(,
)%' 7*&+% )% +%(%+
+%&)%/'+.
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7.-CONCLUSIONES. 1. L &+/ ()&* % %)/ *'=, % &+/ ;) *)% 8:' (%(+%/ +%(%(+%/. 2. P :+ (%(&)+% ;) & &+/ ()&*, % :'%' +*%'9& 6 (')'% ' '& :<'%/ 6 9='% '%(+%' (% )%' *%' :'6. 3. L' '*&+('(+% & (+/+ &' +:*)/'(+% '((+' % & &+/ ()&*, % &' '(/)'(+% & *'/=(+* ?' (%8+)' & ?(? /=*+( )%' **(/+' 9</+', +% /:' % ()%/' &' )9</++' & )</. 4. L' +%8'((+% & 9 ()+', (: 9 ()+' 7/% 6 9 ()+' +%/%, % 7*' %'' +8%/ '& ?(? ;) &' '((+% 9 )*' & + *:+/+ 6 ;) & + 9 *++9& * & ')/ *'' *& +:*)/' & )&/'.
5. E& +%(:%/ )% + <)=+( *%'&:%/ &'%/ /:+%' &' )%+8:+' & /+* 9</+ & &+/ &, !. L' ()&*' (''(/+>' * &' (%(+9+&+' & + & )</ % '+/ &' *%(+' & *&+ *)+% ?'(&.
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8.-ILIOGRAF9A -
BRAMONT-ARIAS TORRES, L)+. 1$$# M'%)'& D(? P%'&. P'/ E*(+'&. P@
-
L+:' E+/+'& S'% M'(.
HURTADO POJO, . 1$$5 M'%)'& D(? P%'& P'/ E*(+'& I H:+(++. P@-L+:', S)%' E+(+%.
-
PEKA CABRERA, R'@&. 1$$4 T'/' D(? P%'&. P'/ E*(+'&. T: I. P@ L+:' E+/+'& )=+(' S)%' E+(+%.
-
ROY FREYRE, L)+. 1$#! D(? P%'& P'/ E*(+'& T: I. P@ L+:' S)%' E+(+%.
-
?//* ++*+'
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