Trabajo 2 biorremediacion

PROCESOS DE BIORREMEDIACION TAREA 2

JESUS DAVID CASTRO BONILLA CODIGO 86086410 GRUPO: 358025_54

Docente:

YESID ALEXANDER SÁNCHEZ

UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL ABIERA ! A DISANCIA DISANCIA "UNAD# INGENIERIA A$BIENAL A$BIENAL UDR CUCUA% $AR&O DE 201'

ESCUELA DE CIENCIAS AGRÍCOLAS, PECUARIAS Y DEL MEDIO AMBIENTE (ECAPMA)

BIORREMEDIACION L( )*o++e,e-*(c*on con.*.te en e/ t+(t(,*ento -e ce+o. cont(,*n(-o.% con o+(n*.,o. *o.% ono.% )(cte+*(.% /(nt(. (+( /( +e,oc*n% cont+o/% o +e-cc*n -e cont(,*n(c*n 7 -eo/c*n -e n ,e-*o (/te+(-o ( . e.t(-o n(t+(/ En /( )*o++e,e-*(c*on .e e-en t*/*9(+ t(nto o+(n*.,o. +o*o. -e .e/o% (tctono.;% co,o o+(n*.,o. -e ot+o. .*t*o. e<eno.;% e-e +e(/*9(+.e *n .*t o e< .*t% t(nto en con-*c*one. (e+o)*(. co,o (n(e+o)*(.% e.t( e.t+(te*( -e -e+(-(c*n )*o/*c( -een-e -e /(. +o*e-(-e. c(t()/*c(. -e /o. o+(n*.,o.% 7 . c((c*-(- (+( t*/*9(+ /o. co,e.to. cont(,*n(nte. co,o . =ente -e (/*,ento 7 ene+>( V(n De+en et (/ 1??';

TIPOS TECNICAS DE BIORREMEDIACION E<*.ten -o. t*o. +*nc*(/e.% *n .*t 7 e< .*t% ( cont*n(c*n% -e=*n*+e,o. c(-( n( -e e//(.

Biorremediaio! IN SITU L( )*o++e,e-*(c*on *n .*t% co,o . no,)+e /o *n-*c(% .on to-(. (@e//(. tcn*c(.% @e .e e-en +e(/*9(+ -*+ect(,ente% en e/ +e( cont(,*n(-(% .*n .e+ nece.(+*o% e/ t+(.o+te -e/ ce+o cont(,*n(-o ( ot+o /(+ (+( . t+(t(,*ento% e.t(. tcn*c(. .on e.ec*(/e. c(n-o /(. +e(. cont(,*n(-(. .on ,7 e( n( /()o+ ,7 co.to.( Las técnicas in situ buscan estimular y crear un ambiente favorable para el crecimiento microbiano a partir de los contaminantes. Este objetivo generalmente puede lograrse con el suministro de aire u oxígeno (bioventeo), nutrientes (bioestimulación), microorganismos (bioaumentación) yo !umedad, adem"s del control de temperatura y p# EPA 2001;

Biorremediaio! EX SITU Cont+(+*o ( /( )*o++e,e-*(c*on *n .*t% e.t(. tcn*c(.% +e@*e+en @e e/ ,(te+*(/ cont(,*n(-o .e( t+(.o+t(-o ( n .*t*o e.ec*=*co% -on-e .e /e (/*@e e/ t+(t(,*ento% -e -e.cont(,*n(c*n% e. ,. e=*c*ente @e /( )*o++e,e-*(c*on *n .*t% 7 .e e-en t+(t(+ ,. t*o. -e cont(,*n(nte. Los procesos de biorremediación ex situ, incluyen$ procesos de biodegradación en fase de lodos, en donde el suelo se me%cla con agua (para formar un lodo), microorganismos y nutrientes& y de biodegradación en fase sólida, en donde los suelos colocan en una celda de tratamiento (composteo) o sobre membranas impermeables (biolabran%a), en donde se agrega agua y nutrientes EPA 2001;


CUADRO COMPARATIVO TECNICAS DE BIORREMEDIACION

TECNICA

Bio$e!%eo

TIP O

In .*t

DE"INICION

VENTAJAS

Con.*.te en A/t( e=*c*enc*( (ce+ c*+c/(+ n con co,e.to. =/o -e (*+e -e )(( +e.*n *n7ecc*n 7 e
DESVANTAJAS

"ACTORES A"ECTAN

L(+o. e+*o-o. -e t+(t(,*ento

#UIMICOS :

Pe+-*-( -e nt+*ente. en e/ .e/o

#UE CONTAMINANTES TRATADOS

*o 7 concent+(c*n -e/ cont(,*n(nte Vo/(t*/*9(c*n cont(,*n(nte

"ISICOS& L( -e.cont(,*n(c*n B(o conten*-o .e e-e -(+ ,. ,e-(o+ o/(t*/*9(c*n @e o+ A/t( co,(ct(c*n -e+(-(c*n .e/o

-e/

Co,e.to. o+n*co. )*o-e+(-()/e. .e,*o/(t*/e. o/t*/e. So/ente. c/o+(-o. Pe.t*c*-(.

-e/

Con.e+(nte. ,(-e+(

te,e+(t+(

BIOLO'ICOS : )(cte+*(.

no

-e

Pe+,e()*/*-(-

*o. -e t*/*9(+

7

(

P+e.enc*( -e )(cte+*(. n(t*(. en e/ .e/o


-e

La!d(armi!) *+io,a+ra!-a.

In .*t E< .*t

Bioe/%im0,aio!

In .*t

E.t( tcn*c( con.*.te en +ooc(+ /( o<*-(c*n -e /o. *-+oc(+)+o. conten*-o. en e/ .e/o ( t+(. -e /( e.t*,/(c*n -e /( ,*c+o=/o+( +e.ente en e/ .e/o% n(t*(;% co,o /o .on /o. ono.% )(cte+*(.% 7 /e(-+(.% ( t+(. -e/ (+(-o .e+=*c*(/ 7 /( (-*c*n -e nt+*ente. 7 +*eo -e/ te++eno

B(o co.to -e *,/e,ent(c*n

L( )*oe.t*,/(c*n *,/*c( /( (/*c(c*n -e .o/c*one. (co.(.% con e/ =*n -e e.t*,/(+ /( (ct**-(- -e /o. ,*c+oo+(n*.,o

$eo+( /( -e+(-(c*n -e cont(,*n(nte. o+n*co.

*e,o +o/on(-o t+(t(,*ento

#UIMICOS : -e

Re.*-o. -e /( (ct**-(- et+o/e+(

*o -e cont(,*n(nte

No -e( +e.*-o. Nt+*ente. o.te+*o+e. A/t( -een-enc*( -e =(cto+e. P+e.enc*( -e *n*)*-o+e. En con-*c*one. (,)*ent(/e. cont+o/(-(. no (-ec(-o. (+( So/)*/*-(-e /o. +o-ce +*e.o . cont(,*n(nte. -e cont(,*n(c*n *,/e,ent(c*n "ISICOS& .e+=*c*(/ o .)te++ne( +(./(-o -e /o. A*+e(c*n cont(,*n(nte. ( I,(cto n .e/o no  (,)*ent(/ ,>n*,o cont(,*n(-o

Re.*-o. (+o*n-.t+*(.

-e

Re.*-o. =+*o+>=*co.

-e

Re.*-o. -e *n-.t+*(. @>,*c(. 7 =(+,(ct*c(.

BIOLO'ICOS& De+(-( n( +(n c(nt*-(- -e *-+oc(+)+o.

Po.*)*/*-(/*<**(-o.

-e

Concent+(c*n ,*c+oo+(n*.,o.%

-e

R*e.o -e cont(,*n(c*n -e (c>=e+o.

*o -e ,*c+oo+(n*.,o. t*/*9(-o.

Poc( e=ect**-(en .e/o. (+c*//o.o.

#UIMICOS&

No +eco,en-(-o Se e-e (/*c(+ en Se/o. ( +(n-e. e.t+(t*=*c(-o. .e+=*c*e. cont(,*n(-(. Se/o. @e no =(o+e9c(n e/

Nt+*ente. en e/ .e/o *o -e cont(,*n(nte ( t+(t(+

Se/o. cont(,*n(-o. con (.o/*n( Co,e.to. o+n*co. o/t*/e. COV;

"ISICOS& ,e-(-

COS

e,e+(t+(

Pe.t*c*-(.


. +e.ente. en e/ .e/o n(t*o.; 7 ,eo+(+ /( -e+(-(c*n o *n,o*/*9(c*n -e /o. co,e.to. o+n*co. o *no+n*co. c(.(nte. -e /( cont(,*n(c*n

Bioa0me!%aio!

In .*t

L( )*o(,ent(c*n e. ,7 .*,*/(+ ( /( )*oe.t*,/(c*n% ( -*=e+enc*( @e en e.t( tcn*c( .e (/*c(n ,*c+oo+(n*.,o . *o. @e ten(n /( c((c*-(-e -e+(-(+% e/ cont(,*n(nte en ce.t*n% e.t( tcn*c( .e t*/*9( c(n-o .e +e@*e+e e/ t+(t(,*ento *n,e-*(to -e n .*t*o cont(,*n(-o% o c(n-o /(

E. con.*-e+(-o no -e /o. ,to-o. ,. e=ect*o. -e )*o++e,e-*(c*on Co.to. +e/(t*(,ente )(o.

c+ec*,*ento ,*c+o)*(no



L(+o. e+*o-o. -e t+(t(,*ento

+o=n-*-(cont(,*n(nte

Inc+e,ento en /( ,o*/*-(- -e /o. cont(,*n(nte.

BIOLO'ICOS&

Nece.*-(-e (*./(+ ,*c+o+(n*.,o. 7 c/t*(+/o.

#UIMICOS&

e+)*c*-(.

*o -e cont(,*n(nte 7 concent+(c*n -e/ ,*.,o

In.ect*c*-(.

"ISICOS&

C/o+o=eno/e.

-e/

$*c+oo+(n*.,o. +e.ente. en e/ .e/o

L( *nt+o-cc*n e,e+(t+( -e e.ec*e. e-e ene+(+ P e=ecto. (-e+.o. en e/ ,e-*o ,e-(-

N*t+o=eno/e. BPC. P.

Pe-e //e(+ ( .e+ C/(.e te
AP.

E.ec*e -e ,*c+o+(n*.,o t*/*9(-o A/te+(c*n ent*c( ,*c+oo+(n*.,o.

-e


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Com1o/%ae

E< .*t

E/ co,o.teo% e. n( tcn*c( t*/*9(-(% (+( e/ t+(t(,*ento -e .e/o. 7 .e-*,ento. cont(,*n(-o. con co,e.to. o+n*co.% )*o-e+(-()/e.% ((-*en-o e.t()*/*9(-o+e. co,o (.e++>n% e.t*+co/% -e.eco. -e c/t*o.% @e ,(nt*enen /( +e/(c*n -e nt+*ente.% (+( o)tene+ n +o-cto e.t()/e @e e-e .e+ (-*c*on(-o (/ ,e-*o

Gene+( ,(te+*( o+n*c( @e e-e .e+ (-*c*on(-( (/ .e/o

L*)e+(c*n -e ,et(/e. e.(-o.

#UIMICOS& *o. -e cont(,*n(nte

.e/o. cont(,*n(-o. con PCP

+(t(,*ento -e +e.*-o. /*,*t(-o

Nt+*ente. +e.ente.

G(.o/*n(.

"ISICOS&

P

B(o. co.to.

Cont+o/ e+,(nente

L( F*to++e,e-*(c*on e. n( tcn*c( @e t*/*9( /(nt(. (+( e/ cont+o/%

E. n( tecno/o>( ..tent()/e

*e,o. -e t+(t(,*ento +e/(t*(,ente co+to. $eo+(,*ento -e /( c(/*-(- -e/ .e/o 7 -e/  D*.,*n7e /( +o/*=e+(c*n -e /((.% (/ (ce+.e -e =o+,( cont+o/(-(

E. e=*c*ente t(nto (+(

e,e+(t+( AP ,e-(-

Nece.*-(e.(c*o e
-e 7 -e/

P A*+e(c*n

(,(o -e /( (+t>c/( ( Pe-e /*)e+(+ co,o.t(+ co,e.to. BIOLO'ICOS& o+n*co. o/t*/e. COV P+e.enc*( -e ,*c+o+(n*.,o. (-e+.o. D*.on*)*/*-(o+(n*.,o. )*o-e+(-(-o+e. E. n +oce.o ,7 /ento E.t /*,*t(-o ( /( .e+=*c*e% +*9o.=e+( -e /(

Se ( -e,o.t+(-o t(,)*n /( +e-cc*n% (.t( n*e/e. (cet()/e.% en /( concent+(c*n 7 to<*c*-(-e e</o.*o. N;

-e

#UIMICOS&

OR'ANICOS3

*o -e cont(,*n(nte 7 concent+(c*n -e/ ,*.,o

*-+oc(+)+o. (+o,t*co. c>c/*co. PA.;

nt+*ente. en e/ .e/o PCB.


o/*

"i%orremediaio !

In .*t

-e+(-(c*n% (/,(cen(,*ento % t+(.=o+,(c*n% e.t()*/*9(c*n o +e-cc*n -e co,e.to. cont(,*n(nte.% ,e-*(nte /( t*/*9(c*n -e (/n(. e.ec*(. eet(/e.% c((ce. -e =*/t+(+ 7 ().o+)en ..t(nc*(. to<*c(.

cont(,*n(nte. o+n*co. co,o *no+n*co. E. -e )(o co.to No +e@*e+e e+.on(/ e.ec*(/*9(-o (+( . ,(neo No +e@*e+e con.,o -e ene+>(

/(nt( Lo. cont(,*n(nte. (c,/(-o.% en /( /(nt( e-en /*)e+(+.e o+ co,).t*n o o/(t*/*9(c*n No to-(. /(. /(nt(. .on (c,/(-o+(.

"ISICOS& P

D*o<*n(.

e
D*.o/ente. c/o+(-o.

P+o=n-*-(- -e/ .e/o

P/(*c*-(.

BIOLO'ICOS&

INOR'ANICOS

*o -e /(nt(. t*/*9(-(.

$et(/e. e.(-o. Co% C+ o C;

o/e+(nc*( -e /(. /(nt(. ( /( *nto<*c(c*n

E/e,ento. ,et/*co. A.% B;

no

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Trabajo 2 biorremediacion

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