BIORREMEDIACIÓN DE SUEL SU ELOS OS CO CONT NTAM AMIN INAD ADOS OS POR HIDROCARBUROS, USANDO COMPOST DE LAS “CHACRAS URBANAS”, ESTIÉRCOL DE CUY Y DE VACUNO, EMPLEANDO COMO PLANTAS INDICADORAS A L AS “ ”
INTEGRANTES: .DURAN TORRES KATHERINE .GONZALES BERROCAL ANDY .PAREDES SALOME FRANK ROGGER .MACHACA VENTURO JHOSEL J HOSELYN YN .VILLEGAS LOPEZ YULISSA ESPERANZA .DOCENTE:
.EDGAR MARCELINO TARMEÑO INGENIERÍA AMBIENTAL | UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL TECNOLÓGICA DE LIMA SUR
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
ÍNDICE
1. PROBLEMA GENERAL........................................................................................3 2. PROBLEMA ESPECÍFICO...............................................................................3 3. OBJETIVO GENERAL......................................................................................3 4. OBJETIVOS ESPECIFICOS............................................................................3 5. MARCO TEORICO...........................................................................................3 a. Mar! "#$%&"'!()*$! +" (a $,-"%&$*a$),...................................................3 /. Ba%"% &")r$a%...............................................................................................4 0. ANTECEDENSTES................................................................................ ........1 . PROCEDIMIDMENTO....................................................................................12 . PRESUPUESTO.............................................................................................14
1
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
PROBLEMA GENERAL
P!+r"'!% r"'"+$ar ! r"6#"rar 6, %6"(! !,&a'$,a+! #!r 7$+r!ar/6r!% &!&a("% +" P"&r)("!8 6%a,+! !'#!%& +" (a% 9C:ara% Ur/a,a%; +" (a UNTELS8 "%&$
"'#("a,+! !'! #(a,&a% $,+$a+!ra a (a 9!r"?a% +" "("@a,&"; (Alocasia odora), #a%&! Paspalum notatum) = r6+a (Ruta graveolens), %"'/ra+!% = !,&r!(a+!% #!r 6, #"r$!+! +" 3 '"%"% ", L6r,L$'a
PROBLEMA ESPECÍFICO
C6,&! "% (a -ar$a$), +"( r"$'$",&! +" (a% 9!r"?a% +" "("@a,&";8 (Alocasia odora)8 #a%&! Paspalum notatum) = r6+a (Ruta graveolens) ", r"(a$), a (!% +$@"r",&"% &ra&a'$",&!%
C6,&! "% (a !,",&ra$), +" :$+r!ar/6r!% ", "( %6"(! +"%#6<% +" :a/"r %$+! 6(&$-a+! !, (a% #(a,&a% 9!r"?a% +" "("@a,&"; (Alocasia odora), #a%&! Paspalum notatum) = r6+a (Ruta graveolens)
OBJETIVO GENERAL
D"&"r'$,ar (a r"6#"ra$), +" 6, %6"(! !,&a'$,a+! !, 7$+r!ar/6r!% &!&a("% +" P"&r)("!8 6%a,+! !'#!%& +" (a% 9C:ara% Ur/a,a%; +" (a UNTELS8 "%&$ "'#("a,+! !'! #(a,&a% $,+$a+!ra a (a 9!r"?a% +" "("@a,&"; (Alocasia odora), #a%&! Paspalum notatum) = r6+a (Ruta graveolens), %"'/ra+!% = !,&r!(a+!% #!r 6, #"r$!+! +" 3 '"%"% ", L6r,L$'a.
OBJETIVOS ESPECÍFICOS:
E-a(6ar (a% -ar$a$!,"% +"( r"$'$",&! +" (a% 9!r"?a% +" "("@a,&";8 (Alocasia odora)8 #a%&! Paspalum notatum) = r6+a (Ruta graveolens) !, r"(a$), a +$@"r",&"% &ra&a'$",&!%.
R"!,!"r (a !,",&ra$), +" :$+r!ar/6r!% ", "( %6"(! +"%#6<% +" :a/"r %$+! 6(&$-a+! !, (a% #(a,&a% 9!r"?a% +" "("@a,&"; (Alocasia odora), #a%&! Paspalum notatum) = r6+a (Ruta graveolens).
2
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
MARCO TEÓRICO: 1. Marco epi!e"o#$%ico &e #a i'(e!i%aci$': La a#($a$), +" '$r!!r*a,$%'!% &a,&! /a&"r$a%8 a(*a%8 :!,*!%8 ,"'a&!+!% = #(a,&a%8 %" #6"+", 6&$($ar #ara +"%arr!((ar 6, #r!"%! +" /$!rr"'"+$a$),. La% /a&"r$a%8 %!, %"r"% -$-!% !, 'a=!r a#a$+a+ '"&a/)($a +"( #(a,"&a8 #6"+", +"*ra+ar #r&$a'",&" 6a(6$"r %6%&a,$a !r*,$a. S$ (a %6%&a,$a %" +"*ra+a !'#("&a'",&" %" :a/(a +" '$,"ra($a$),> "%&" "% "( #r!"%! $+"a(8 #"r! ,! %$"'#r" !6rr". A(*6,a% %6%&a,$a% ,! %!, +"*ra+a+a% %$,! &ra,%@!r'a+a% ", !&ra% /$!&ra,%@!r'a$),H. La /$!&ra,%@!r'a$), #6"+" %"r #"($*r!%a8 =a 6" (a ,6"-a %6%&a,$a @!r'a+a #6"+" %"r &a, ! '",!% ,!$-a8 "% +"$r :a= %6%&a,$a% 6" ,! %!, +"*ra+a+a% = %" (a% +",!'$,a r"a($&ra,&"%8 "%&a% %" a6'6(a, +6ra,&" '6:! ", "( '"+$! a'/$",&"8 "%#"$a('",&" %$ a+"'% %!, r"%$%&",&"% a #r!"%!% @%$!6'$!% !'! (a ra+$a$),. La% /a&"r$a% a+"'% #6"+", "($'$,ar (!% !,&a'$,a,&"% ", a'/$",&"% +!,+" :a= !*",! ((a'a+!% a"r)/$!%H8 #"r! &a'/$<, ", a'/$",&"% %$, !*",! ((a'a+!% a,a"r)/$!%H8 =a 6" #6"+", r"%#$rar !&ra% %6%&a,$a% +$@"r",&"% a( !*",! a"#&!r"% +" "("&r!,"%H8 !'! #!r "?"'#(! "( ,$&ra&!8 "( %6(@a&!8 "( :$"rr!8 "( 'a,*a,"%!8 "( %"(",$!8 "&. T!+!% a6"((!% !,&a'$,a,&"% 6" #6"+a, %"r +"*ra+a+!% ! &ra,%@!r'a+!% #!r (!% %"r"% -$-!% %!, %6%"#&$/("% +" %"r "($'$,a+!% '"+$a,&" #r!"%!% +" /$!rr"'"+$a$),. L!% !'#6"%&!% !r*,$!% %6"(", %"r +"*ra+a+!% &!&a( ! #ar$a('",&" = "($'$,a+!% #!r !'#("&! +"( "!%$%&"'a. P!r "?"'#(!8 !'#6"%&!% !,&a'$,a,&"% &a("% !'! "( &!(6",!8 "( @",!( ! (!% #!($/$@",$(!% (!ra+!% PCB%H #6"+", %"r 6&$($a+!% !'! @6",&" +" ar/!,! #!r /a&"r$a%8 &a,&! ", !,+$$!,"% a"r)/$a% !'! a,a"r)/$a%. L!% &$#!% +" /a&"r$a% +" (!% *<,"r!% Pseudomonas8 Ralstonia8 Burkholderia ! Mycobacterium #6"+", "($'$,ar :$+r!ar/6r!% ar!'&$!% !'! "( &!(6",! ! "( ,a@&a(",!8 #"%&$$+a% !'! (a% a,&ra$,a%8 a+$&$-!% +" (a *a%!($,a !'! "( &r$(!r6r! +" "&$(! ! %6%&a,$a% -",",!%a% !'! "( $a,6r! #!&%$!8 &a,&! +" a'/$",&"% %)($+!% ", "( %6"(!8 !'! (6$+!% ", (!% r!% = 'ar"%8 !6rr$+!% @r"6",&"'",&" #!r +"rra'"%. E%#$,!a 211H.
). Bae !e$rica A. Hidrocarburos
E%#$,!a8 211H. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% %!, !'#6"%&!% !r*,$!% @!r'a+!% K,$a'",&" #!r &!'!% +" ar/!,! " :$+r!*",!. La "%&r6&6ra '!("6(ar !,%$%&" ", 6, ar'a), +" &!'!% +" ar/!,! a (!% 6" %" 6,", (!% &!'!% +" :$+r!*",!. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% %!, !'#6"%&!% /%$!% +" (a +" (a 6'$a 3
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
!r*,$a. La% a+",a% +" &!'!% +" ar/!,! #6"+", %"r ($,"a(8 ra'$@$a+!%8 a/$"r&! = "rra+a%. E%a(a,&"8 2H. E( :$+r!ar/6r! +" #"&r)("! r6+! = %6% #r!+6&!% r"@$,a+!% #6"+", +$-$+$r%" ", 6a&r! *r6#!% L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% a($@&$!% ! +" a+",a a/$"r&a %" +$-$+", a %6 -" ", &r"% *r6#!%8 ", @6,$), +"( ",(a" ",&r" +!% &!'!% +" ar/!,! a(a,!% ",(a" %$'#("H8 a(6",!% ",(a" +!/("H = a(6$,!% ",(a" &r$#("H. L!% !'#6"%&!% a($@&$!% '% !'6,"% %!, (!% a(a,!%8 (!% 6a("% #6"+", ",!,&rar%" ", "( #"&r)("! r6+! !,@!r'a,+! a+",a% +" $,! a '% +" &r"$,&a = $,! &!'!% +" ar/!,!. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% ($!% %!, &a'/$<, !'#!,",&"% !'6,"% +"( #"&r)("! = #6"+", &","r "%&r6&6ra% '!,! ($a%8 /$($a% ! +" '% a,$((!%. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% ar!'&$!% $,(6=", !'#6"%&!% '!,! ar!'&$!% !'! "( /",",! = "( &!(6",!8 = !'#6"%&!% #!($ar!'&$!% !'! "( #$r",!. E, <%&" *r6#! %" ",6",&ra, (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% ar!'&!% #!($($!% 7APH8 '!(<6(a% @!r'a+a% #!r 'K(&$#("% a,$((!% ar!'&$!% r"#r"%",&a, ",&r" "( 82 a( +"( #"&r)("! r6+!. L!% 07AP #!%"", 6,a ($'$&a+a %!(6/$($+a+ ", a*6a8 %" a/%!r/", @6"r&"'",&" a( %6"(! = %" +"*ra+a, a -"(!$+a+"% '",!r"% 6" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% '!,! ar!'&$!%. D"/$+! a "%&a% #r!#$"+a+"% %!, a(&a'",&" &)$!% = !,%$+"ra+!% !'! !'#6"%&!% '6&a*<,$!% = a,"r*",!%. La @ra$), #!(ar +"( #"&r)("! r6+! "%& !,%&$&6$+a #!r !'#6"%&!% 6" !,&$",", &!'!% #!(ar"% +" %6(@6r!8 !*",! = ,$&r)*",!. R"%#"&! a !&r!% !'#!,",&"% +"( #"&r)("!8 "%&a @ra$), ,! "% &a, r"#r"%",&a&$-a = ", "( a%! +"( ,$&r)*",! %6 !,",&ra$), "% '",!r a( 1. A+"'% +" (!% !'#6"%&!% '",$!,a+!%8 "( #"&r)("! #6"+" !,&","r !,",&ra$!,"% -ar$a/("% +" '"&a("% #"%a+!% &a("% !'! ar%<,$!8 '"r6r$!8 ,6"(8 :$"rr!8 #(!'! = $,. M!r*a, et al .8 1 $&a+! #!r Oa'#! "& a(H. S"a(a 6" 6a,+! (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% $,*r"%a, a( %6"(! #!r (a @$(&ra$), ! +"rra'" +" 6, &a,6" +" a('a",a'$",&! +" #"&r)("! ! +" 6, !("!+6&!8 !6rr", +$@"r",&"% #r!"%!% 6" $,@(6=", ", "( +"%&$,! +" "%&!% !'#6"%&!% ", "( %6"(!. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% #6"+", #r!#a*ar%" (a&"ra('",&" ", (a %6#"r@$$" +"( %6"(! ! #6"+", #","&rar -"r&$a('",&" #!r "@"&! +" (a @6"ra +" *ra-"+a+ = (a a#$(ar$+a+. E, "( #r$'"r a%! %" @a-!r"" (a -!(a&$($a$), +" (!% !'#!,",&"% +" /a?! #"%! '!("6(ar #"r! %" $,r"'",&a "( r"a !,&a'$,a+a = (a @!&! !$+a$), +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% a !'#6"%&!% #!(ar"% '% &)$!%. E, "( %"*6,+! a%!8 a 'a=!r #r!@6,+$+a+ ($$-$a$),H %" r"+6" (a +$%#!,$/$($+a+ +" !*",! #ara (a /$!+"*ra+a$), = %" $,r"'",&a "( r$"%*! +" !,&a'$,ar (a a#a @r"&$a. La *ra, 'a=!ra +" :$+r!ar/6r!% &$"," 6, +"%#(aa'$",&! -"r&$a( ", (!% %6"(!%8 a ""#$), +" a6"((!% +!,+" (a% !,+$$!,"% ($'&$a% @a-!r"", %6 %a&6ra$), !, a*6a ! %6 !,*"(a'$",&!.
D",&r! +" (!% !'#6"%&!% #"($*r!%!% '% !'K,'",&" $,-!(6ra+!% ", "'"r*",$a% a'/$",&a("%8 %" ",6",&ra, "( #"&r)("! = %6% +"r$-a+!% *a%!($,a%8 !'/6%&)("!8 +$<%"(H8 a*r!6'$!%8 *a% LP = ,a&6ra(8 ",&r" !&r!%.
4
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
E$%&", %6%&a,$a% !'! (!% aH @6ra,!%8 /H :"a(!r!/",",!8 H /$@",$(!%8 +H #!($(!ra+!% BPC%H8 "H #(a*6$$+a% !r*a,!(!ra+!%8 @H '"r6r$!8 *H #(!'!8 :H r!'!8 $H a+'$!8 ?H !'#6"%&!% &)$!% a&'!%@
B. !mpacto de los hidrocarburos en el suelo
E( %6"(! "% 6, 6"r#! ,a&6ra( 6" "% #ar&" $,&"*ra,&" +"( "%",ar$! +!,+" !6rr", (!% $(!% /$!*"!6'$!%8 :$+r!()*$!% = +" (a a+",a a($'",&ar$a. A%$'$%'!8 "% "( "%#a$! +!,+" %" r"a($a, a&$-$+a+"% a*r!(a% = *a,a+"ra%8 = "% (a /a%" #ara "( "%&a/("$'$",&! +" r"a% -"r+"%. E( %6"(! "% 6, r"6r%! ,a&6ra( !'#("?!8 +$,'$! = %6 "6$($/r$! +"#",+" +" (a $,&"ra$), ",&r" %6% #r!#$"+a+"% @%$a%8 6'$a% = /$!()*$a%. E%a(a,&"8 2H. L!% @a&!r"% 6" a@"&a, (a +$%&r$/6$), +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% ", (!% %6"(!% %!, #r$,$#a('",&" "( -!(6'", +"( +"rra'"8 (a -$%!%$+a+ +"( #"&r)("! a (a &"'#"ra&6ra #r"-a("$",&" ", "( a'/$",&" = (a !'#!%$$), +"( %6"(!. L!% !'#6"%&!% +" a(&a -$%!%$+a+ !'! "( r6+! #"%a+! &$",+", a '!-"r%" :!r$!,&a('",&"8 '$",&ra% 6" (a *a%!($,a = a"$&"% +" /a?a -$%!%$+a+ #","&ra, @$('",&" ", "( %6"(!. E( #a%! +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% a &ra-<% +" (a 'a&r$ +"( %6"(! ($$-$a$),H +"#",+" a %6 -" +" (a &"&6ra +"( %6"(! = (a %!(6/$($+a+ +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% ", a*6a. E, %6"(!% ar$((!%!% (a '$*ra$), +" #ar&6(a% "% '% r#$+a 6" ", %6"(!% @ra,!%8 +a+! 6" (!% #r$'"r!% &$",", 6,a 'a=!r #!r!%$+a+ M!r*a, "& a(.8 1H. A+"'%8 ", %6"(!% '6= ar$((!%!% (a% '!(<6(a% #!(ar"% #6"+", %"r a+%!r/$+a%. M",!% +"( 5 +" (!% !'#6"%&!% +"( r6+! ! #r!+6&!% r"@$,a+!% #r$,$#a('",&" ar!'&$!% +" /a?! #"%! '!("6(ar " :$+r!ar/6r!% #!(ar"%H %!, %!(6/("% ", a*6a E%a(a,&"8 2H. L6"*!8 *ra, #ar&" +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% 6"+a r"&",$+a ", "( %6"(!. La a&$-$+a+ '$r!/$a,a &ra,%@!r'a (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% ", '"&a/!($&!% '% %!(6/("% = #!r (! &a,&! '% ')-$("% ", "( %6"(!8 @a-!r"$",+! %6 %!(6/$($a$), = ($$-$a$),.
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
Mar&," et al. 21H8 E( $,*r"%! +" :$+r!ar/6r!% a( %6"(! &$",+" a #r!+6$r 6, "@"&! +" :$+r!@!/$$+a+8 (! 6" r"%6(&a ", (a +$%'$,6$), +" (a &a%a +" $,@$(&ra$),. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% %" a6'6(a, ", (!% #!r!% 6" %" @!r'a, ",&r" (a% #ar&6(a% +"( %6"(! #r!+6$<,+!%" 6,a r"+6$), ", (a +$%#!,$/$($+a+ +" !*",! = (a #"r'"a/$($+a+. R"#!r&a a'/$!% ", (a &"&6ra +" 6, %6"(! ar$((!%! a '$*a?), ar$((!%!8 a !,",&ra$!,"% +" 15 '$( ##' +" !'/6%&)("!8 #!r a6'",&! $'#!r&a,&" +" (a% ar",a% = +$%'$,6$), +" (a% ar$((a%8 !/%"r-a,+! a+"'% $,r"'",&!% $'#!r&a,&"% ", (a !,",&ra$), +" 'a&"r$a !r*,$a a 'a=!r !,",&ra$), +" *a%!($,a = !'/6%&)("!. E( '$%'! a6&!r &a'/$<, %"a(a 6" "( $,r"'",&! +" "%&" #ar'"&r! %" +"/" #r$,$#a('",&" a (a #r"%",$a +" 'a&"r$a( #a&!*<,$! r"a($&ra,&"8 (! 6a( #6"+" r"#r"%",&ar 6, r$"%*! "!&$!. Para (!% #ar'"&r!% #78 !,+6&$-$+a+ "(<&r$a = +",%$+a+ a#ar",&" "( '$%'! a6&!r ,! r"#!r&a -ar$a$!,"% %$*,$@$a&$-a% #ara %6"(!% ar$((!%!% !,&a'$,a+!% !, +$@"r",&"% !,",&ra$!,"% +" +$"%"(8 !'/6%&)("! = *a%!($,a. ". !mpacto de los hidrocarburos en las plantas
C:a=,"a68 "& a(. 10H. La *ra, 'a=!ra +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% +" #"&r)("! %!, !,%$+"ra+!% !'#6"%&!% &)$!%. L!% "@"&!% +" "%&!% !'#6"%&!% %!/r" (a% #(a,&a% %!, ", (a 'a=!ra +" (!% a%!% %6/("&a("%8 "% +"$r 6" ,! %" 'a,$@$"%&a, a &ra-<% +" (a '!r&a($+a+8 %$,! +" 'a,"ra $,+$r"&a '!+$@$a,+! "( r"$'$",&!8 (a r"#r!+6$), = (a @!&!%,&"%$%. L!% "@"&!% a+-"r%!% %!/r" "( +"%arr!((! +" (a% #(a,&a% -ara, ", @6,$), +" (a "%&r6&6ra 6'$a +"( :$+r!ar/6r!8 %6 !,",&ra$), ", "( %6"(! = (a "%#"$" +" #(a,&a. La &!$$+a+ +$%'$,6=" ", "( %$*6$",&" !r+", !'#6"%&!% ar!'&$!%8 ,a@&a(",!%8 !("@$,a% = a+",a% ,! ra'$@$a+a% #ara@,$a%. A(&a% !,",&ra$!,"% +" :$+r!ar/6r!% ($'$&a, =! a(&"ra, (a *"r'$,a$), +" (a% %"'$((a% = "( r"$'$",&! +" (a% #(a,&a%. C:a$,"a6 et al. 10H r"#!r&a 6,a r"+6$), +" '% +"( ", (a /$!'a%a %"a +" (a% #ar&"% a
C:a=,"a68 "& a(. 10H. L!% :$+r!ar/6r!% +" #"&r)("! #6"+", $,*r"%ar a (a% %"'$((a% = a(&"rar (a% r"a$!,"% '"&a/)($a% =! 'a&ar a( "'/r$), #!r &!$$+a+ +$r"&a a*6+a. La $,:$/$$), +" (a *"r'$,a$), &a'/$<, "%&a !rr"(a$!,a+a !, (a% #r!#$"+a+"% :$+r!@)/$a% +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!%8 (a% 6a("% "-$&a, ! r"+6", "( $,&"ra'/$! +" *a%"% = a*6a ,""%ar$! ", "%&a "&a#a. E-a(6a$!,"% %!/r" (a F$&!&!$$+a+ +" :$+r!ar/6r!% %"a(a, 6" (a r"%#6"%&a a (a #r"%",$a +" :$+r!ar/6r!% +6ra,&" (a *"r'$,a$), -ara +" 6,a "%#"$" = !&ra. E( '$%'! a6&!r %"a(a 6" (a r"%$%&",$a +" %"'$((a +" a(*6,a% "%#"$"% -"*"&a("% a (!% !
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
"@"&!% +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% '6"%&ra "( %$*6$",&" !r+", +"r"$",&" *$ra%!(8 @r"?!(8 &r$*!8 &r
E, r"a% '6= !,&a'$,a+a% %" #r!+6" 6,a %"("$), +" "%#"$"%8 %6r*$",+! $,+$-$+6!% +" 6,a '$%'a "%#"$"% &!("ra,&"% a (a #r"%",$a +" !,&a'$,a,&"% 6" $,(6%!8 a ,$-"("% /a?!% +" !,&a'$,a$),8 &$",", (a a#a$+a+ +" r""r = r"+6$r (a% !,",&ra$!,"% +" :$+r!ar/6r!% = !&r!% !,&a'$,a,&"%. E, C6a+r!. S" ($%&a a(*6,a% #(a,&a% 6" #6"+", r""r ", %6"(!% !, :$+r!ar/6r!% +" #"&r)("!8 #"r! 6" ,! #r"%",&a, ,""%ar$a'",&" 6, r"$'$",&! = +"%arr!((! a+"6a+!8 ",&r" (a% 6" "%&, "( 9'a; &ea mays. L. E, "( a%! +" (a% ("*6'$,!%a% %6 a#a$+a+ +" @$?ar ,$&r)*",! "% %6 #r$,$#a( -",&a?a. La% #(a,&a% 6" r"", ", %6"(!% !,&a'$,a+!% !, :$+r!ar/6r!% +" #"&r)("! #6"+", r"+6$r (a !,",&ra$), +" "%&!% !,&a'$,a,&"% '"+$a,&" &r"% '"a,$%'!% +"*ra+a$),8 !,&",$), ! &ra,%@"r",$a Fr$ et al. 1H.
'. Beneicios del estircol y aserr*n
J6a, G6"rr"r! 281H8 "%&a/("" 6" "% 6,a @!r'a +" 'a&"r$a !r*,$a +" "r"'",&!% +"%!'#6"%&!% +" a,$'a("% Vaa8 "r+!8 !-$,!8 *a(($,a8 a/a((!8 a-"% *6a,"ra%8 "&.H Ar/a$a "& a(8 1H. C!,%$+"ra, 6" "( a%"rr, "% 6,a 'a&"r$a !r*,$a +" !r$*", -"*"&a(8 +"r$-a+! +"( a%"rr! +" "%#"$"% 'a+"ra/("% +6ra% = %6a-"%8 !'! (a /!(a$,a8 "( #$,!8 a#$r!,a = !&r!%. L!% /","@$$!% +" (a 'a&"r$a !r*,$a +" !r$*", a,$'a( = -"*"&a( ", (a% #(a,&a% %!, S!, @6",&" +" ar/!,! = ,$&r)*",! #ara (!% '$r!!r*a,$%'!%. "
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
A6'",&! +"( -$*!r = r"$'$",&! +"( &a((! = ra"%8 +"%+" (a *"r'$,a$), :a%&a (a "'"r*",$a +" (a% #(,&6(a%8 #!r %6 "@"&! !'! r$! /a&"r$a% #r!'!&!ra% +"( r"$'$",&! -"*"&a(. G","ra 6, '"a,$%'! +" %6#r"%$), +" $,%"&!% = ",@"r'"+a+"% ", (a% #(a,&a%8 =a 6" #6"+", $,+6$r (a r"%$%&",$a %$%&<'$a +" (!% 6(&$-!% a ",@"r'"+a+"%. C!,%6'" (!% "6+a+!% +" ra"%8 :!?a%8 @(!r"% = @r6&!%8 "-$&a,+! (a #r!#a*a$), +" !r*a,$%'!% #a&)*",!% = +"%arr!((! +" ",@"r'"+a+"%. I,r"'",&a "( r"$'$",&!8 a($+a+ = #r!+6&$-$+a+ +" (!% 6(&$-!%. Pr!'6"-", (a @(!ra$),8 @r6&$@$a$), = 'a+6ra$), #!r %6% "@"&!% :!r'!,a("% ", !,a% '"r$%&"'&$a%. I,r"'",&a (a a#a$+a+ @!&!%$,&<&$a #!r '"+$! +" 6, 'a=!r +"%arr!((! @!($ar = ra+$6(ar.
L!% /","@$$!% +" (a 'a&"r$a !r*,$a ", (!% %6"(!% %!, L!% "@"&!% +" (!% '$r!!r*a,$%'!% ", "( %6"(!8 "%&, ",'ara+!% ", "( '"?!ra'$",&! +" (a% ara&"r%&$a% @%$a%8 /$!()*$a% = %6#r"%$), +" ",@"r'"+a+"%. A% #6"% ",&r" %6% "@"&!% %" #6"+", '",$!,ar E@"&!% ", (a% !,+$$!,"% @%$a% +"( %6"(! '"?!ra (a "%&r6&6ra = a*r"*a$), +" (a% #ar&6(a% +"( %6"(!8 r"+6" %6 !'#a&a$),8 $,r"'",&a (!% "%#a$!% #!r!%!% = '"?!ra (a $,@$(&ra$), +"( a*6a. C!,&r!(a (a% #!/(a$!,"% +" '$r!!r*a,$%'!% #a&)*",!% 6" %" +"%arr!((a, ", "( %6"(! #!r !'#"&",$a. I,r"'",&a (a /$!+$-"r%$+a+ '$r!/$a,a8 *","ra,+! (a% !,+$$!,"% ,""%ar$a% #ara 6" (!% '$r!!r*a,$%'!% /",<@$!% ,a&$-!% #r!%#"r",. La r"(a$), CN8 "#r"%a (a% 6,$+a+"% +" Car/!,! #!r 6,$+a+"% +" N$&r)*",! 6" !,&$"," 6, 'a&"r$a(. U,a r"(a$), a+"6a+a ",&r" "%&!% +!% ,6&r$",&"%8 @a-!r""r 6, /6", r"$'$",&! = r"#r!+6$),. La r"(a$), CN )#&$'! #ara "( $,$$! +" (a +"*ra+a$), "%& !'#r",+$+a ",&r" 253518 "%&a r"(a$), -a /a?a,+! :a%&a (("*ar a -a(!r"% "ra,!% a 1151 = "% 6a,+! "( 'a&"r$a( "%& ($%&! #ara %"r 6%a+!. +. 'actores ue inluyen en el proceso de degradaci%n del estircol y aserr*n
aH. D"&"r'$,ar (a% !,+$$!,"% +"%"a/("% !'! "( !,&",$+! +" :6'"+a+8 !,",&ra$), +" !*",!8 #78 T"'#"ra&6ra = !&r!%.
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INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
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INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
ANTECEDENTES: E, "( P"rK8 (a ,!r'a&$-a a'/$",&a( r"(a$!,a+a a( 'a,"?! +" (!% :$+r!ar/6r!% +" #"&r)("! ", ,6"%&r! #a% "% #r!#6"%&a #!r "( M$,$%&"r$! +" E,"r*a = M$,a% MEMH8 a6&!r$+a+ a'/$",&a( !'#"&",&" #ara (a% a&$-$+a+"% +"( %"&!r :$+r!ar/6r!% !'#"&",&" #ara (a% a&$-$+a+"% +"( %"&!r :$+r!ar/6r!% +" a6"r+! a( D.S. NQ 53EM +"( 2 +" %"&$"'/r" +" 1. La L"= Or*,$a +" 7$+r!ar/6r!% L"= 20221 +"( 13 +" a*!%&! +" 138 = %6% ,!r'a% '!+$@$a&!r$a% L"= 2034 +"( 31120 = L"= +"( 122H8 "% (a ,!r'a /a%" 6" r"*6(a (a% a&$-$+a+"% +" :$+r!ar/6r!% ", "( &"rr$&!r$! ,a$!,a(. E( ar&6(! 2 +" "%&a ("= "%&a/("" 6" (a% #"r%!,a% ,a&6ra("% ! ?6r+$a% 6" +"%arr!((", a&$-$+a+"% +" :$+r!ar/6r!% +"/"r, 6'#($r !, (a% +$%#!%$$!,"% %!/r" #r!&"$), a( '"+$! a'/$",&"8 (a% 6a("% %" +"&a((a, ", "( R"*(a'",&! +" Pr!&"$), A'/$",&a( +" (a% A&$-$+a+"% +" 7$+r!ar/6r!% D.S. N 403 EM 12H113H = ,!r'a% '!+$@$a&!r$a% D.S. 5EM +"( 13558 D.S. 53EM +"( 2 = D.S. 322 EM +"( 212H. E( MEM a &ra-<% +" %6 9G6a A'/$",&a( #ara (a R"%&a6ra$), +" S6"(!% ", I,%&a(a$!,"% +" R"@$,a$), = Pr!+6$), P"&r!("ra; = %6 9G6a #ara "( Ma,"?! +" D"%":!% +" (a% R"@$,"ra% +" P"&r)("!; &a'/$<, r"!'$",+a "( "'#("! +" +$@"r",&"% &<,$a% #ara (a r"6#"ra$), +" %6"(!% !,&a'$,a+!% !, :$+r!ar/6r!%8 ",&r" (a% 6" %" ",6",&ra, (a% &<,$a% /$!()*$a%8 !'! (a /$!rr"'"+$a$),8 @$&!rr"'"+$a$),8 a% !'! (a &<,$a +" (a,+@ar'$,*
Vo#*e + Ve#aco ,)--/ +$" 6" (a /$!rr"'"+$a$), #6"+" "'#("ar !r*a,$%'!% a6&)&!,!% +"( %$&$! !,&a'$,a+! ! +" !&r!% %$&$!% ")*",!%H8 #6"+" r"a($ar%" $, %$&6 ! " %$&68 ", !,+$$!,"% a"r!/$a% ! a,a"r!/$a%. A6,6" ,! &!+!% (!% !'#6"%&!% !r*,$!% %!, %6%"#&$/("% a (a /$!+"*ra+a$),8 (!% #r!"%!% +" /$!rr"'"+$a$), %" :a, 6%a+! !, <$&! #ara &ra&ar %6"(!%8 (!+!% = %"+$'",&!% !,&a'$,a+!% !, :$+r!ar/6r!% +"( #"&r)("!. 0SEPA ,)--/ r"!'$",+a 6" #ara (a "?"6$), +" "-a(6a$!,"% #"r$)+$a% %"a ,""%ar$a #ara a%"*6rar "( a-a," +"( #r!"%! +" r"'"+$a$), = a?6%&ar (a% #r$,$#a("% -ar$a/("% +"( %$%&"'a. La '"+$$), !,&$,6a +"( !*",!8 (a !,",&ra$), +" ,6&r$",&"%8 (a !,",&ra$), +" /a&"r$a% :"&"r)&r!@a%8 "( #7 = "( !,&",$+! +" :6'"+a+ #"r'$&", a+"6ar (a @r"6",$a +" (a% a$r"a$!,"%8 (a &a%a +" a#($a$), +" ,6&r$",&"%8 (a @r"6",$a -!(6'", +" r$"*! = "( #7. D$:a% "-a(6a$!,"% +"/", $,(6$r &a'/$<, (a '"+$$), +" (a% !,",&ra$!,"% +"( !,&a'$,a,&" #ara +"&"r'$,ar "( #r!*r"%! +"( %$%&"'a +" &r a&a'$",&!. Para ,6"%&r! #r!="&! :"'!% $,-"%&$*a+!% @6",&"% +" a6&!r"% r"(a$!,a+!% !, ,6"%&r! &ra&a'$",&! +" /$!rr"'"+$a$), +!,+" &!+!% a@$r'a, 6" "( !'#!%& "% 6, &ra&a'$",&! +" /a?! !%&! = +" @$( a"%! +!,+" '",$!,a'!% a (!% %$*6$",&"% a6&!r"%
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INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
2i#&re3ra'&o B4e'&5a R5o ,)-1)/ a@$r'a ", %6 &"%$% 9B$!rr"'"+$a$), +" %6"(!% !,&a'$,a+!% #!r :$+r!ar/6r!% '"+$a,&" !'#!%& +" a%"rr, = "%&$
PROCEDIMIENTO: M4e!reo &e 4e#o: S" &!'ar, (a% '6"%&ra% +"( %6"(! !,&a'$,a+! !, :$+r!ar/6r!%8 +" (!% &a(("r"% '",$!% 6/$a+!% ", "( D$%&r$&! +" L6r,8 #r!"+"r"'!% !, 6,a #a(a #(a,a8 ($'#$a,+! #r"-$a'",&" (a a#a %6#"r@$$a( %" "&ra"r, (a% '6"%&ra% ", @!r'a +" 9V; = ", $*a*8 +"#!%$&ar"'!% (6"*! (a% '6"%&ra% ", 6,a 'a,&a +" #!($"&$(",! #ara %6 :!'!*",$a$),.
rea &e reco#ecci$' &e "4e!ra &e 4e#o co'!a"i'a&o co' 8i&rocar34ro. a &",$",+! (a '6"%&ra !'#6"%&a8 &","'!% 6" 'a,+ar(! a a,a($ar = &a'/$<, &",+r"'!% 6" %aar !&ra '6"%&ra +" a(r"+"+!r +" (a !,a 6" ,! "%&< !,&a'$,a+a = +" $*6a( 'a,"ra %" 'a,+ara a( (a/!ra&!r$! #ara "( a,($%$% +" ara&"r$a$), @%$!6'$!. 11
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
Di!ri34ci$' &e# &ie;o e
Ta3#a N= 1: C!'/$,a$!,"% +" (!% &ra&a'$",&!% +" "#"r$'",&! INSUMOS
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SC
SC
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SC > V
SC > V
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SC > C
SC > C
SC > C
SC > CO
SC > CO
SC > CO
SC > V >CO
SC > V >CO
SC > V >CO
SC > C >CO
SC > C >CO
SC > C >CO
C*/st
L""'$a: SC S("% )'ta*+'a$. V Est+,!)% a)(' C Est+,!)% $" )( CO C*/st
12
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
D" (!% $,%6'!% = #(a,&a% $,+$a+!r"% r"%a(&a'!% 6"
B6%a'!% !,!"r 6" &ra&a'$",&! +$! '"?!r r"%6(&a+! ", (a% &r"% #(a,&a% $,+$a+!ra%8 =a 6" +"/"r '!%&rar 6, '"?!r &a'a!8 #"%! %"! @!($ar = #"%! %"! ra+$6(ar. B6%a'!% !,!"r 6( +" "%&a% &r"% #(a,&a% $,+$a+!ra%8 "% (a 6" '% :$+r!ar/6r!% :a -!(a&$($a+!.
PRES0P0ESTO:
13
INGENIERIA AMBIENTAL - UNTELS
14
