.
PIPING DESIGN INSTRUCTION , .?
.
. TOYO ENGINEERING CORPORATION .
TOKYO
JAPAN
2. PLANNING Plant
1.
layout
8
1.1 Plant area 1.2 Safe distance 1.3 Distance 1.4 Overhead clear ante 1.5 Design of tank yard 1.6 Height of foundation 1.7 Road 2.
Installation
Installation
sf sructure
2.2 2.3
bstaliatioti
of
2.5
and ladder
ladder
Installation
of platform and ladder Staira, ladder and handrail Live load for platform
Nozzle orientation 3.1 3.2
.
stairs
2.1
2.4
3.
of platform,
top and floor
3.3
34486
8 9 9 9 10 10 10 11 11 .13 15 16 16 17
Type and size of platform Limitation on platform installation (1) Manhole (2) Level control (3) Gauge glass (41 AP/CELL type liquid level instrument (5) Temperature instrument (6) Opening in platform
.17 1% 1% 19 19 22
(7) Installation of davit ai the top of tower Consideration on nozzle orientation 3.3,1 Nomenclature 3.3.2 Considerations required for tower nozzle orientation 3.3.3 Considerations for orientation in other vessels and heat exchangers
24 25 25 27 34
Contents
-2 -
22 23
3. PIPING 1.
2.
3.
Manuals relat ded to piping
design
1.1 1.2
design instruction
Relation between this Related manuals
Draftxing
2.3
Indication
, A
3.3
3.4 4.
38 39
(Double line)
39 39
Equation
to determine the thickness
of steel
0302)
requiring postweld heat treatment Pipe eelection criteria
i
pipe
(PWHT)
39 39
3.1.2 3.1.3 Valve 3.2.1
Pipes
Gear operated valve
41
3.2.2 3.2.3
Special valve Valve material
41 41
Pitting 3.3.1 Bend 3.3.2 Blitre bend 3.3.3 Reducer 3.3.4 Tee 3.3.5 Standard application of fitting 3.3.6 Comparison of material between JIS and ASTM Flange
Scope of Matching Uatching Matching
Contents
40 41
Scope of work for piping 4.1 4.2 4.3 4.4
3448G
38
of pipes
(KI3K.S
3.2
37
materials
'Pipe 3.1.1
37
38
Unit and scale Lines to be used
3.1
and other manuals
rule
2.1 2.2
Piping
37
work with with with
-3
materials
at equipment nozzle instrument vendor's piping customer's equipment and piping
-
41 41 42 43 44 45 45 45
46 46 50 50 50
5.
6.
5 .l
General
5.2 5.3 5.4 5.5 5.6
Hot insulation Cold insulation Personnel protection Fire proofing poise protection
54
6.1
54 54
poise 6.1.1 6.1.2 6.1.3
General Noise level limitation Sources of noise
Vibration 6.2.1 General 6.2.2 Vibration
Cathodic protection 7.1 7.2
8.
51 51 51 52 52 53
Noise and vibration
6.2
7.
51
Insulation
8.1
8.2
8.3
3448G
57 57 58
of piping and grounding for static
Cathodic protection Grounding for static
Piping
54 56
electricity
electricity
protection
protection
Piping 8.1.1
around tower and vertical Layout
8.1.2 8.1.3 Piping 8.2.1 8.2.2 8.2.3 8.2.4 8.2.5 8.2.6 Piping 8.3.1 8.3.2 8.3.3
Nozzle orientation Piping around tower around heat exchanger Type of heat exchanger Considerations required for arrangement and piping Example of piping around horizontal heat exchanger Piping around reboiltr Piping around Al-heat exchanger Piping around air cooler around rotating machine Piping around pump Piping around turbine Piping around compressor
-4 -
59 61 63
design detail
Contents
59
tank
63 63 64 64 69 69 70 72 73 77 81 81 81 95 96
8.10 8.11
8.12
8.13
Drain Utility 8.11.1 8.11.2 8.11.3
and Vent piping Hose station Eye washer and shower Ejector piping
8.11.4 Cooling water piping for Sample connection and analyzer
8.15
system
Underground piping 8.14.1 Lines to be installed 8.14.2 Design 8.14.3 Cooling water piping 8.14.4 Sewer piping 8.114.5 Trench piping
underground
Firefighting piping (when regulations 0.15.1 Type of rystems 8.15.2 Water extinguishing system 8.15.3 Air-foam system 8.15.4 CO2 extinguishing system 8.15.5 Cases where WFPACODEis applied
3448G
etc.
(1) Installation criteria (2) Type of valve Tank yard piping 8.13.1 Regulations and safe distance 8.13.2 Tank yard piping i.13.3 Drains-ge -system 8.13.4 Fire~ext&guishing
8.14
pump, turbine
Contents
-6 -
in Japan are applied.)
144 146 146 148 149 149 149 149 150 150 150 150 153 153 153 153 153 155 164 178 179 179 179 184 186 186
:
4. PIPE SUPPORi 1.
General 1.1 1.2 1.3
2.
3.
Purpose Scope of application Related manuals and manuals for reference
188
Support design 2.1
Procedurcof
2.2 2.3
Standard of support design Allowable stress and safety
Supports for 3.1 3.2 3.3 3.4 3.5 3.6 3.7 3.8 3.9 3.10
3448G
factor
192
piping
rack
When Yarway’s gun-packed expansion joint Dissipation of heat Pressure loss
is used
191 191 191 192 195 195 196 200 200 202 202 203 203 204 204 205
around vessels
207
Limitation of load Supports for discharge pipe of safety valve Vessel clips Supporting of tank piping 4.3.1 4.3.2 Supporting of tower piping
207 208 208 209 210
Supports for piping 4.1 4.2 4.3
188 188 190
support design
Support span Pipe spacing Supports for bare pipe Supports for hot-insulated pipe Supports for cold-insulated pipe Supports for large-dia. pipe Other considerations required in design of supports Use of anti-friction agent Supporting to cope with vibration Absorption of thermal expansion 3.10.1 Model plan 3.10.2 l&en U-loops are used 3.10.3 When bellows-type expansion joints are used 3.10.4 3.10.5 3.i0.6
4.
187 187
Contents
-7 -
5.
6.
Supports for piping around compressor and turbine
211
5.1 5.2 5.3
General .Manuals for reference Piping provided with sxapnsion joint
5.4
Piping 5.4.1 5.4.2 5.4.3
211 211 211 212 212 212 213
supports to be used in general Slliding supports Spring support Thermal-expansion-direction restraining device (Directional, stopper) 5.4.4 Directional stopper of free-in-one-direction type 5.4.5 Pipe hanger 5.4.6 Vibration atopper for piping ..:: .:- ,I.. Supports for piping arc&d pump
6.1 6.2 7.
Manuals for reference Piping around pump and location
214 215 215 .219 .
of supports
219 .220
Spring hanger
230
7.1 7.2
Variable hanger Design of variable
230
7.3
Construction
7.4 7.5 7.6
Specification for placing order of variable Selection of variable hanger's type No. Supporting load of spring hanger
3448G
Contents
-8 -
hanger
and material
of
variable
hangers hangers
231 231 233 234 237
211
5.
Supports for piping
around compressor and turbine
6.
General .Manuals for reference Piping provided with exapnsion joint Piping supports to be used in general 5.4.1 Slliding supports 5.4.2 Spring support 5.4.3 Thermal-expansion-direction restraining device (Directional, stopper) 5.4.4 Directional stopper of free-in-one-direction type 5.4.5 Pipe hanger 5.4.6 Vibration stopper for piping _: .. .- .:. Supports for piping~around pump
211 211 211 212 212 212 213
5.1 5.2 5.3 5.4
6.1 6.2 7.
Manuals for reference Piping around pump and location
214' 215 215 -219 .
of supports
219 .220
Spring hanger
230
7.1 7.2 7.3
Variable hanger Design of variable hanger Construction and mater ial of variable
230
7.4 7.5 7.6
Specification for placing order of variable Selection of variable hanger's type No.
34486
Supporting
Contents
load of spring hanger
-8 -
hangers
hangers
231 231 233 234 237
1. GENERAL 1.1
Intent (1)
and scope Intent
This design instruction is intended to standardize vays of and piping design of the plant to be designed or constructed , economical and quick plant design. to obtain correct
layout order
(2)
Scope This
(3)
equipment by TEC, in
design
instruction
applies
to all
TEC jobs.
Notes:
a. Blanks in this instruction the time of job.
should
be filled
out
and selections
b.. If conflict, due to customer's requirements, weather arises between the requirements of this instruction, should be revised and then used so as to meet them.
made at
conditions etc., this instruction
c. Where there are conflicts between this instruction and otherj TEM or TES etc., such conflicts should be solved by assigned Job Engineers and if contact Standard Engineer and revisidn of other TEM, TES is necessary, Whenever revision of this instruction is required, Section Chief. contact Section Chief. d. Where applicable codes, customer's contradiction to this instruction, 1.2
Outline (1)
a. Main
I
etc. are in should govern.
of project
Name of client
b.
requirements the formers
Contractor
End user
: :
:
(2)
Name of project
(3)
Type of contract
: q ENGINEERING n F.0.B
D q tl iJ q 0 (4)
3402G
TURN-KEY SUPERVISING COST PLDS FEE LDMPSUM PRICE UNIT PRICE OTHERS
Scope of engineering
-l-
PROCESS FLOW DIAGRAM P&I PLOT PLAN
c! TEC E TEC q TEC
113CUST 0 CUST 0 CDST
0 OTHER 3 OTHER ;3 OTHER
UNDERGROUND PIPING ABOVEGROUND PIPING FIRE-FIGHTING PIPING
f3 TEC 2 TEC c! TEC
a CUST 0 CUST q CDST
C OTHER 3 OTHER 0 OTHER
CIVIL INFORMATION DETAIL CIVIL DESIGN
q TEC DTEC
0 CUST 17 CUST
3 OTHER q OTHER
1.3
Outline
of
plant
Licenser
:
Production Contract Unit
capacity money
Site
1.4
Climatic 1.4.1
3402G
-2-
:
included
in the
plant
I
I (5)
:
of plant
:
conditions Ambient
temperature
maximum
:
OC
minimum
:
OC
yearly
average
:
OC
design
max.
:
OC (for
equipment
design)
design
min.
:
'C
equipment
disign)
(for
Humidity max.
relative
humidity
:
0
min.
relative
humidity
:
0
year
average
:
%
:
% (for
design 1.4.3
relative
humidity
cold
insulation
design)
Rainfall max.
1.4.4
humidity
rainfall
:
xun/hr,
yearly
average
:
m#W
design
rainfall
:
m/hr
mm/day
Snowfall max.
snowfall
max.
snowfall
design
weight
snow load
:
mm
:
kg/m2
:
kg/m2 N
1..
1.4.5
Direction max.
and
wind
average
speed
wind
speed
direction
of prevailing
wind
:
load
conditions
1.5.1
plane level
Datum
:
m/s
:
m/s
:
m/s
wind
heignt
Topograph)tic Ground
of wind
(monthly,yearly)
design
1.5
speed
Rearing
1.5.3
Groundwater
1.5.4
Max.
1.5.5
Seismic
1.5.6
Characteristic
of soil
1.5.7
Characteristic
contour
capacity
of
freezing
kg/m2
i
m
kg/m2
-
m
kg/m2
soil
level depth
coefficient
$
m
: : :
E
t
f-B
;;
:
0 --.,
of plant of plant
1.5.2
W
.‘..
m (=EL.OI ton/m2
: : :
1.6
of Land
: (including
considerations
to design)
: (including
considerations
to design)
Applicable regulations, codes and standards A( Applicak.he regulations , codes and Etandards should be as indicated in the contract documents. Hake sure that the regulations, codes and standards applied are in what year's editions. If regulations, codes and standards other than indicated in the,contract are used, the names of such regulations, codes and standards and the reasons why they are used should be clearly stated. 1.6.1
34026
-3-
Customer’s
requirements
1.6.2
Regulations
Items
, codes.and
codes
L)LAYOOT and SAFETY
i i ; i
standards
Regulations and standaerds
] Remarks
0 Law for conditions of plant site 0 Petroleum Kombinat and Other's Hazard Prevention Law 0 Fire Service Law 0 High Pressure Gas Control Law Cl HIT1 ordinance on High Pressure Gas Control Cl MIT1 Ordinance on Liquefied Petroleum Gas Control D MIT1 Ordinance on High Pressure Gas Control: Concerning Kombinat and Others D Industrial Safety and Health Law 5 Law for mining industry Cl Law for gas industry CIOthers .
TEM: 2002 : TES: H-101 H-117 JL-101
,a OSHA WCCDPATIONAL SAFETY AND HEALTH ADMINISTRATION) ' 0 OIA (OIL INSURANCE ASSOCXATION) ; 0 NFPA i q API RPSOOA (RECOMMENDED PRACTICE FOR CLASSIFICATION
OF AREAS FOR ELECTRICAL PETROLEUM REFINERIES) R OTHERS
INSTALLATION
IN .I
(USSR)
3
(SNIP)
P
O=W
ll.H.l-*
" -0
(1
(GOST)-12.1.004-" " n CODE AND REGDRATION AS To SAFETY TECHNIQUE AND INDUSTRIAL SANITATION FOR FIRE ACCIDENT OF CHEMICAL AND PETRCCREHICAL PLAN ._' OTHERS (DDR)
0 ASAO U%TROCHEMICAL
LARCDR REGULATION)
: D ASA0 (GENERAL FIRE PROTECTION AND FIRE PROTECTION REGULATION) ! DOTHERS i !
(OTHERS)
34026
-4-
Standard building Regulation electrical. equipment installation
for for
Regulation for safety and heath Fire Service Law
1
Items
codes
CJ Codes and standareds 0 ANSI DKHK 0 JIS 1 D ASTM j z1 API j 0 JPI I Cl DIN 10 BS I 0 MSS i G OTHERS
2)PIPING
3)BUILDING STRUCTURAL DESIGN 1.6.3
..._
34026
-5
Regulations and standaerds
Z Codes and standards Cl Building Standards DOTHERS
Index
to piping
design
Remarks
as applied
in
as applied in Law of Japan
of
the
contract.
item(l)
TES:
H-101 H-103 H-106 H-107 H-109 H-110 L-101
item(l)
(in
Japanese
and English)
1.7
Battery
limit
conditions
Temperature MAX.OR MIN. NOR.
CONN SPEC. SIZE
FLUID
! I 1 T i I 1
1 2 3, 4 INCOMING ] I 7 I
i
("C) Design
I
Pressure MAX. NOR.
(KG/CM=) Design
-6-
! 1
!
1
i
! t I
i
3402G
I
i
1.8
Utility
conditions
Followings are utility lines commonly used. Be aware that Fluids each having the same name may have different specs respectively (different design conditions). When detail checking, use the design conditions given in the line schedules. -.
.'....,
..
TEMP.(V)
FLUID
SPEC.
MAX.
PRFSS.(KG/CM2G)
I
MIN.
i
MIN.
MAX.
1. SH (H.P STEAM)
I
2. SM (M.P STEAM)
! I
!
i
!
3. SD 84.P STEAM) 4. SL (L.P 5:CH
i
STEAM)
7. CL (L.P '8.
I !
*i
! !
Ii ,I
I
i i
i i I 1
i
IL
110 . NITROGEN
;
; ; 11. i i 12. i i 13. 1 !14. ! i 15. 1 :l,. t i 117.
COOLING WATER (IN)
I
1 i i 1
COOLING WATER (OUT)
1.
I
; i i
j
1
/
SEA WATER (IN) SEA
.I..
(OUT)
_. 1
.
ii I I
,..
I .f _....
..
1
1 . -f -':I i
I ‘ I t b I I
i.
3402G
-7-
i
i j..!
20. requirements
/
I
I
Customer's
iI
i
19.
1.9
! I
.i
I
18.
t
I
I !
1 9. PLANT AIR
1 ,
I
COND.)
INSTRUMENT AIR
I i 6 I
I
6. CM (M.P COND.) I
!
I
(H.P COND.)
I
I
i
2.
Plant 1.1
PLANNING
layout Plant
area
1.1.1
General 0
advance. ;ic rules
In most cases, However, the when developing
shapes and sizes of plant areas are given by following items should always be considered as a plot plan.
ers
(1)
The plant area should be small as far as safety, operation, This maintenance and construction requirements will permit. results in considerable saving in cost of piping materials and power equipment.
(2)
To layout equipment into a slender area is liable to cause difficulty in obtaining piping flexibility, which increases piping cost due to additional loops and bellows. It is recommended that a ratio 'of long side to short side of plant be 1:1~1.5:1 based on past experiences.
:. (3)
1.1.2
area
Plant areas should be prepared so as to obtain a neat layout having minimum changes in direction of main racks and roads which are backbones of the plant. Layout
of main
in
equipment
To have layout of equipment in a sequence to suit the process flow But, safety le best rule from the view points.of economy and pressure drops. rd construction requirements dictate more or less modifications of this rule. be followings are main items of such modifications.
1402G
-8-
is
(1)
Fired heaters (boilers, reformers, heaters etc.) should be located up wind from other equipment handling flammable liquids or gases, and should be grouped together in one area as far as possible to allow centralized control for safety.
(2)
Equipment such as pumps and compressor handling flammable liquids or gases, which could easily leak out of the equipment, should be located minimum 15 meters ‘away from fired heaters. (Conforming to Regulations for explosion preventions) For other equipment containing flammable gases minimum 8 meters. (Conforming to MIT1 Ordinance on Bigh Pressure Gas Control 12-3)
(3)
Vessels silencer within vessel
(4)
Towers more than 30 meters heigh I- should initially from the installation point of view and located route through which towers are moved into place.
(5)
Large electrical equipment (switch room, motor, large sized switch), if installed within hazardous area, will cause considerable cost increase due to the explosion-protected construction.
taller than the discharge point of fired heater stack discharging hot gases or steam should not be located SO meter radius of the discharge point to prevent the from exposing to hot winds. be reviewed close to the
or
(6) Control room and switch room should be located near the center of the plant and provided with exit on either one side of the room to allow easy access to and from boundary limits. Equipment or piping containing flammable substance should not be located within 15 meters from these rooms. (To keep the room outside Of hazardous areas.) MIT1 Ordinance on High Pressure Gas Control Concerning Kombinat-9 also dictates to have safe distance of 7.5 to 15 meters depending on the degree of hazard for the above case. (7)
Insides of buildings housing ccanpressors handling flammable gases are classified as a hazardous area, including areas 3 meter wide around the buildings of closed type and 15 meter wide around the buildings of open type. All electrical equipment within these areas should be of explosion-protected construction.
(8) Equipment handling poisonous substance should be completely enclosed by a dike to enable collection and recovery of the spillage. Related equipment should be grouped together for this purpose. i
..
(9) Equipment cknected to underground lines such as cooling water or chemical sewer should be properly grouped so as to minimize the length and direction changes of underground pipes which reduces ce with not only piping cost but also the possibility of interfer other cables and foundations. P
:..
i
1.2
1.3
1.4
Safe
distance
Safe
distances
should
conform
THM 2002
to
(Plant
Layout).
Distance 1.3.1
Between furnace
1.3.2
Plant equipment for and furnaces (except
1.3.3
Equipment
1.3.4
Indoor
(outdoor)
Passage facilities
between equipment or piping
Overhead
control
room,
switch combustible piping)
room and liquid
and equipment
15m MIN.
8m
MIN.
0.9m
MIN.
0.6m
passage and other
clearance
1.4.1
Plant roads process
and trucking
1.4.2
Normal overhead inside'battery
1.4.3
Normal
overhead
areas
for maintenance limits inside
battery
inside equipment limits
4.5m
3.5m
2.lm
(MIN. l-4.4
Above platform
and walkway
2.lm
(MIN. 1.4.5
3402G
-9-
Inside
building
1.8m)
2.lm
1.8m)
i
Design
of tank
yard : : I
1.5.1
When Japanese Conform
codes
are
to attached
. :
applied;
* . ..
1.5.2
When NFPA Conform
6
Height
of
1.6.1
Height
is appli&d;
'.
to attached
foundation
top
and floor top
of concrete
EL.+
MAX.150
of gravel
EL.+
MAX. 50 M/M
EL.+
100 M/M
EL.+
MIN.300
M/M
and other .rotating machine e. Compressor (horizontal type) f. Heat exchanger
EL.+
MIN.300
M/M
EL.+
MIN.600
M/M
g- Other equipment-tower.s, structure, h. Pipe rack, 1. Cone roof tank
EL.+
MN.200
M/M
EL.+
MIN.200
M/M
EL.+
MIN.300
N/M
EL.+
MIN.200
M/M e
EL.+
MIN.250
M/M
EL.+
600 M/M (CONTROL ROOM) 1000 M/M (SWITCH ROOM)
b.
Pavement
C.
Cable
d.
J-JF
pit
(top
Valve
k.
Pipe
sleepers
Floor
height
1.6.2
of
00Wr)
.
j.
pit
(top
of
tan&, outdoor
etc. stairway
cover)
control
room and
EL.+
c. 1.7
floor of equipment
Foundation
M/M
of building
floor of a. First gwitch rocm
D. First other
. ..I..’
"r
of foundation
a. Pavement
.:
of
compressor house
house
and
EL.+
MIN.300
M/M
: _,/ _,‘-
EL.+
structure
MAX.150
M/M
/--/
Road 1.7.1
Side
a) Access
and overhead
clearance
road 12000 I=
A z
““/““““““““’
,‘L,“,
Pavement
3402G
-lO-
\
..
:.
‘. .
:
b)Plant
road-type
1
.
Pavement
.1.7.2
c),Plant
road-type
Turning
radius
\
?
at road _.. -
junction
Gradient
2. Installation
3402G
gradient
12/100
and less
F--
I-
2.1
Fd
of platform,
Installation
stairs
and ladder
of Structure
(1)
Structures may be of concrete or steel, unless otherwize specified by customers.
(2)
Structures mounted with such as removal of heat with stairs or ladders.
-ll-
but
steel
should
be used
valves or equipment requiring maintenance exchanger channel covers, should be provided
(3)
Selection
of
a. Use stairs
stairs
in
1) When top grade.
or ladder
the following
platform
of
cases; is 10 meters
structure
2) Top platform is less than area is 50 m2 and more.
10 meters
3) Platforms mounted with instruments etc. requiring patrol by operators 4) Platforms boilers
mounted requiring
5) Platforms frequent
b. Ladder
should
such at
the grade as level
least
with critical equipment emergency operation.
mounted with equipment opening of the covers.
6) Platforms'mounted internally packed
above
such
with equi.pment material..
be used in the
above
but
gauge, a day.
once
such
as reactors
as filters
requiring
requiring
following
and more
frequent
the
platform Sampling
replace
or
Of
cases.
J 1) Platforms 2)
other
-12-
mentioned
above.
In addition to the above mentioned stairs, should be provided at closed end of more blindalley, if any.
should 3) Sub-ladder when the platform
3402G
than
be
area
an escape ladder than 15 meter long
provided on the side opposite is more than 50 m2.
to the
stairs
4) Platforms should have minimum clear width of 800 mm for but additional space is maintenance, inspection and operation, required to facilitate removal of exchanger channel covers and as shown in the drawing below. internals, A, *
Sub-ladder
5c
it.. 'J-
.
Use sub-ladder where P.F. area is more than (If ladder height exceeds 10 meters, use staggered type with intermediate platform.)
5Om2
Min.800 Min.450 Min.800
5om 2 .
sub-ladder where P.F. area is more than (If ladder height exceeds 10 meters, use staggered type with intermediate platform.)
Use
f \
5) Main for
2.2
Installation (1)
Poarforms operation
stairs and ladders operators. of
should
be located
on this
to permit
side
ready
if
no
access
ladder
Tower
a. Ladders should generally more than 10 meters.
3402G
should not be required floor is needed.
be staggered
with
each ladder's
length
-13-
‘.
not
b.
If the should
length
of
ladder
be provided.
Not
exceeds 10 meters, to be use&as far
intermediate
platform
as possible.
intermediate platform
(2)
Pipe
rack .,
.. a.
Main.pipe 'racks mounted with approximatel$ :i?very SO mtftrs
walkways should have 6% the 'i&k length.
ladders
at
-‘T’i..
b.
(3)
Pipe racks ladder. Installation
or
sub-racks of
safety
without
walkway
should
not
generally
require
cage
a. Tower
.
Ladder without cage
Caoe
3402G
-14-
Cage
b. Structure
i
Installation
of platform
under
when ample 2FL the ladder.
1
/////////////////////////////7//////////////~f
2.3
\
' provided
V
i-l,,,,
,’
Not requ.ired
4
0
and ladder
(1) Platforms should be provided for the following items, when such items are located 3.6 meters or more above the grade (2.1 meters or more for instruments at vessels) or 1.8 meters or more above other platforms. .. .. . .- a. $tems requiring surrounding platform underneath ,Qbj,ect 11 Control valves of all size$. 2)
Safety valves IS and more at towers or vertical vessels.
3) Manholes in towers or vertical
vessels. 4) Display and
type level gauges at towers tanks.
5) 8 figured
blind
b. Items which require 1) mV,
AW and
more requiring 2)
flanges. side platform
only
other valves IB and manual operation.
Safety valves 3B and smaller towers and vertical vessels.
at
3) Manholes and others in horizontal vessels or heat exchangers requiring manual operaton and inspection. .
4) Sampling equipment. 5) Valves frequently
operated.
6) Places in the proximity of BL, or places where valves are grouped together.
3402G -15-
(2)
Ladder should be provided for the following items, when such items are located 3.6 meters or more above the grade (2.1 meters and more for instruments at vessels) or 1.8 meters or more above other platforms. 1) All check tanks. 2) Valves
tanks
valves
3)
Gauge glasses. (Platforms should provided if gauge glass requires frequent inspection and maintenance.)
4)
Pressure,
5)
Inspection
6)
Bandholes. (When packed need not be replaced.)
temperature
be
instruments
at
towers
and tanks.
cocks.
material
valves.
Only a stand or portable ladder is required for manholes, valves, instruments etc. requiring manual operation, when they are located at less than 3.6 meters above the grade (less than 2.1 meters for instrument at vessels).
(41
Platforms Hozale
and ladders flanges
b. Temperature C.
Temperature instrument
a.
Spring
c.
Orifices platform).
StairS,
ladders
(2)
load
-16-
instruments
Snow
not
be required
for
the
followings.
and tanks. measuring
vessel
or pressure instrument nor block valve).
for
with
metal
temperatures.
connections
in
the
pipe
(without
a portable
ladder
or temporary
and handrail and handrails
should
conform
to TEC ST'D DWG..
platform
Unless otherwize specified, live load of 200 kg/m2. the
(3)
at towers
(when accessible
ladder
Live
should
hangers.
Stairs,
(1)
3402G
and
(3)
a.
2.5
and
3B and smaller at towers requiring manual operation.
7) Sampling
2.4
at towers
loads should above(l).
platforms
be considered
Loads by pipe supports, heat loading and other maintenance Data aside from the above(l).
should
in case exchanger works
will
be designed
of cold
district,
for
the
aside
channel covers, catalyst be given in The Loading
from
3. Nozzle
Orientation
3.1
Type and size (1)
of
Platforms
for
platform ordinary
vertical
equipment Width B of platform Not to be used as far 1) min.600 2) 800 1 as possible. To be used as a standard 3) 1000 4) 1lOON ) With 100 mm increment max.1500;
(2)
Top platform
for
towers
and tanks
a.
Top platforms standard side
b.
Vessel nozzles, which are normally extended through the top platform bolts or installing block valves.
Reinforcement required for nozzles.
for towers and tanks should clearance of 800 mm.
be of
square
type
with
in standard length, may be to facilitate tightening flange (Consult Hechanical Engineer.)
ribs =e. extended
c.
Openings should,,be made to allow tightening flange bolts spanner if the-nozzles are not extended through platforms.
d.
Platforms should not be connected regidly to neighkx$ing vessels, but should he provided with a clearance approximately 20 mm or connected with slotted bolt-holes to allow for expansion.
(3)
Platform
for
horizontal
using
-17-
a
vessel
Platforms should be provided on the top or side of horizontal vessels lDounted with manholes or instruments requiring operation, inspection etc., if they are located 2.1 meters and more above grade. (3.6 meters and more if no instrument is mounted.)
340x
the
the
Platform a.
for
Selection
of
Height
tank ladders
and stairs
(Dm)
Selection
Less than 6 meters 6 meters and more
b.
with safety stairs
In 4 termediate platforms should height 10 meters or less. Platforms
d.
Ladder Spiral
and handrails
for
cage
be installed
tank
roofs
at
should
For spiral stairs, careful study should sampling connections and other gauges, for operators to handle them.
a uniform
interval
be minimum
required.
of
be made to assure that level instruments are accessible
I
Intermediate platform
.
10m . Cone 3.2
Limitation (1)
foof
on platform
Dome roof
.
Spherical
installation
Manhole
Top manhole g s-l i r*
i
500 -loo0 (750
is
stand
1. Minimum effective side clearance of 500 should provided for passages.
‘48m . 5 4.x
be
2. Manhole davits (or hinges) should generally be designed to allow right-hand opening.
3402G
-18-
3. Menhole davits (or hinges) should be located away from down ladders (left-hand opening) unless a distance down ladder to manhole is sufficient (1,000 as a standard) to provide a passage.
--_ . .-_
(2)
Level
control
H silo00 A irk00 I--
(Provide removing
r-
4
I
I-- 1. I
clearance internal
Manually H> 1000
operated I
from
ladder.
I1
.I A-
\
H>
A distance operation
100 mm Ladder fo be provided from upper platform
=402G
(3)
Gauge glass
a.
Multiple ladder.
-19-
level
gauges
should
be arranged
to stagger
allowing manual from ladder.
on both
sides
Of
b.
I.
If two level gauges are arranged should be closer to the ladder.
on one side,
upper
level
gauge
,_
i :-..:
Max. 1000
Reading
c.
of
level
from
In'general, level gauges should not penetrate impracticable, level gauges may penetrate it liquid level.)
d. Relation
to
feed
60°
\ Install
-2O-
platform. to allow
(If for
this reading
is
nozzle LIC should
34026
ladder
LG within
this
take
Do not instrall segment unless range
precedence LG within deflector
wer this is used.
LG.
e. Level
gauge
in
low temperature
service
on of
Ins;a$on
of Handle
of Gauge Valve Drain Valve
and
Use *A* type level gauge.
when ladder
is located
on the
left
or right
Use "B"
type
when ladder
is
located
on the
left
side
Use "C"
type
when ladder
is located
on the
right
Wultiplc
level
gauges
should
I
the other Valve handle projecting into safety cage. f.
7
When baffle
plate
is
installed
be'installed
the
Be aware of liquid difference between sides of the baffle
Baffle
34026
-21-
Plate
as follows;
late with one.
in
side
I
bottom level both plate.
of of
f>
side level level
of gauge. gauge.
g.
Level
gauges
should
be
located
away from
Away
h.
Level
gauge
Level actual
gauges sizes
(4) aP/CELL
type
for
high
pressure
level
(In general,AP/CELL exceeds 2000 mm.)
type
far
as
pan as
far
as possible.
as possible
service
for high pressure and provided with liquid
seal
should be installed to suit ample space for maintenence.
their
instrument is used where
the
range
Nozzle sixes But, special require
1”.
of
measurement
are generally 3/4'. equipment may (as indicated in
P&I) Platform is required below the *nstrument.
This
pipe
should
Consider
600-1200
be horizontal.
a space
for
instrument
box.
Provide pipe of apprO~iXiately meters length to heat pipe low temperature service.
(5)
Temperature
instrument
a. Check to ascertain b.
34026
-22-
whether
liquid
or vapor
temperature.
When liquid temperature is measured, pay attention sizes and insertion length. (In general, liquid measured.)
+I 97
to downcomer tempetarure is
Or
two
in
c.
Length
of
temperature
instrument
d. Type of temperature instruments with nozzle orientation study, instrument removal.
should be determined considering clearances
All nozzle regardless thickness.
l
Clearance removal Not@s)
If
temperature
1) Install
it
for
instrument in tangential
interferes
a)Displacement
-23-
vessel
tangential
150 mm
internals;
installation,
can be removed difficulty
in platform
use
to an
arises. :.
Opening dimensions information DWG. TAG numbers should
3402G
of
In many cases, temperature instruments immediately upper or lower tray. Consult Process engineer if insertion
(6) Opening
heights are of insulation
direction.
2) If instrument interferes despite a special length instrument. (Consult Instrument Engineer) e.
with
concurrently for the
should also
type
be as shown appear
for
below
and should
instrument
openings.
b)M
appear
in the
c)Piping
(7)
Installation
a. Drop
of Davit
at The Top of
Tower
area
Davits are used for lifting vessel internals when loading. An ample space for dropping and loading vessel internals should be provided on the platforms. ::
:Pipe
Not
davit
good
Dropping
good
area
Davits
operated
fir
may be either
from upper or lower platform.
b. Side
clearance
for
lifting
Consult Process Engineer obtain extended working be determined to provide
3402G
-24-
if special sized platform is required to area. In this case, the arm length should side clearance of min. 450 mm.
3.3
Consideration 3.3.1
on nozzle
orientation
Nomenclature TRAY : Trays, a large munber of equally spaced circular are devices on which efficient vertical vessel, and liquid is performed when product separation using distillation. DECK : Deck, a part of tray, mixing is performed. WEIR : Weir is mounted on the liquid on the plate.
is a horizontal
deck
DOWNCOMER: Downcomer.is mounted between flow down'to.the deck below,
plate
to maintain
platesin mixing of'p.por is required by
on which
an even
flow
the decks allowing the while separating vapor
SEAL POT : Seal pot is a pot provided in the to effectively reduce deck-to-deck
deck underneath distances.
the lowest liquid from
DRFLRCTOR : Deflector is a baffle plate installed against prevent liquid with high velocity from entering vessel.
340x
-25-
of
liquid
the
liquid upward. the
DRAW-OFF POT : Draw off pot, used when draw off from intermediate is a pot provided in the deck underneath required, It provides sufficient depth for liquid collection installation of draw-off nozzle. SEAL PAW : Seal pan is a pan located underneath Overflowed liquid from upper deck. received by the bottom of tower.
vapor
to
downcomer
deck is the downcomer. and
downcomer to seal the seal pan is
inlet nozzle to directly into the
.
Single
Double
flow Downcomer
area
m2
\
ir to shell distance'& .e.. . aowncomer wiazn at. top 1
flow
Center
downcomer
\A
Side
area
downcomer
m2 area
m2
2 I m/m
3I I
weir
=t
Width
Outlet
of pot
weir
Downcomer Area under
downcome
1 Downcomer bottom to tray inlet in/m
Side
340X
View
-26-
.:
:;
m/m
3.3.2 (1)
Considerations
required
In case
feed
a. Locate
of top feed
nozzle
for
to feed
tower
inside
nozzle
of
inlet
weir. Approximately 150 of cross 4-P
Deflector
Single
orientation
flow D=d+one
Do not'locate nozzle here. Open end tee
Double
YInlet
flow
orientation, may be oriented
Double
3102G
-27-
size
up
Ll
weir .Internal
b. If the above feed nozzles
l/lOD or 10 to sectional area.
which is a standard, in any directions
flow
* Dimension straight
detail
is impracticable, by using internal
A does length.
not
require
c.
For
internal
piping,
the
elbow
and .&ee may be of
special
type.
2 It
ii
Min. % d. When the width of inlet weir is smaller tee, closed end pipe with slotted holes
than that of open should be used.
end
.be extended..
.
(2)
In case
a. Vapor
of
intermediate
-28-
feed.
feed
Single
3402G
stage
D In this case, pay attention to manbole posltlon.
flow
Double
flow
b. Liquid
feed Slot$ed
Single
flow
Double
c.
(3)
Draw off
Bottom
holes'
flow
. ..
:. ,:
nozzle
feed
nozzle
iDCJ
good
g&d
good
t-l I
Single
3402G
-29-
good Double
go*
good Sd
* Triple * In this case, two feed are required.
Double
nozzles
(4) a.
Manhole
..
Top manhole But, width
Pay attention to downcomer areas. when the downcomer any direction, 300 mm or smaller.
manhole may be located in radial direction is
in
c300
good T
t fB Single
In
Double
1n case, width of downcomer is 300mm or smaller.
In case, width of downcomen is 3OOmn or larger. b.
Manhole
in
1) Single
the
interm6diate
:. stage
flow
_ 2) Double
Manhole downamer
may be located is 3OOmm of
Not god
Not good -3O-
heke when smaller.
flow Two manholes
3402G
any direction
Two nkhdles
are
required,
when
Not good
N 9
Not good One manhble
2) When baffle
plate
is provided.
~~d~~~~~o~d
Single (5) a.
Types
of
tray
Reduction
to reduce
Double the
size
of large
flow tower
of height
c/:.
L
flow
.:
.: .‘..
1 t1 P b.
r-I I1
Reduction
of diameter
-
3402G
-32-
\
Increasing bubbling area by reducing downcomer area.
c.
Reduction
of
both
height
and
diameter
a) and b) are combined.
Note
: Check carefully for interference of downcomer determining feed nozzle and manhole orientation.
Care
should
internal .
(6) Relation a.
Arrangement
be taken
when *
not
pipe in contact
pot which sometimes ENG'G DNG.
is
to have with the iot shown in
to rcboiler reboiler
of
1)
Single Best
arrangement
flow
Double~flow An altern&v~
arrangement
.
CProvided with 34026 -33-'
baffle
impingement
2) When the amount of liquid is small , arrangement as shown below may be used. In this case, attention should be paid to the location of reboiler return nozzle. Center line of reboiler return pipe should have same elevation with the top of baffle.
(7)
Others
a. Nozzle heads.
should
not
be located
b. Valves
should
not
be installed
nozzles
should
c. 3.3.3
In general, of 50. Considerations exchangers
(1)
Eorizontal
for
portion
skirt
as far
in the be oriented
orientation
with
in other
and instrument to feed nozzles.
nozzles
Vapor #
Feed 4
Do not
Compressor
knuckle
vessel
as possible.
an angular
vessels
suction
locate
outlet
should
increment
and heat
be located
on
out
nozzle
here.
drum
a. Special consideration should be paid for instrument nozzle. (Improper orientation compressor. For detail. see ; 1
3402G
of
vessel
Outlet nozzles opposite side
(2)
on the
orientation may cause
of level shutdown
of
-34-
,”
‘..,,
.: 1”.
/t 9 :
b. Two or more feed nozzles direction, if not, mist
should be oriented will be blown up.
Vertical
type
a. Orientation
heat
same
t
I
\
t
@
...
sood
Not good
(3)
in the
exchanger
is effected
by the
number
of baffles,
._;. Even nuder
Odd number
when total condensation But, consult Process Engineer, (Usually, outlet and inlet temperatures are is used. the same.) b.
inlet nozzles In case of two passes, should be in the same direction.
(4) Access a. There b. Access
hole
and vent
is no special
hole limitation
of shell
side
in skirt on vent
hole.
should be ready to access, and grouped in each area
2) Two or more access holes in one skirt symmetrically to the center of skirt.
being oriented-in as far as possible. should
Three -3%
side
hole
1) Access holes same direction
340x
and tube
be located
the
\rer t. \?essel Ill
.- ,
ALEX.
gene;:2 1
.
3. PIPING 1. Manuals 1.1 ‘. .
related
to piping
Realation
‘.
existing manuals.
between
design this
design
instruction
and other
This design instruction is intended manuals and also to cover drafting
to cover the requirements
The followings
which
are
existing
manuals
is necessary
to utilize
are
manuals.
important items of not included in such
registered
with
Technical
Department. with
this 1.2
Of course, instruction. Related TEM-1005
3402G
-37-
it
such
existing
manuals
together
manuals General
drafting
rules
-2001
Specifications
of transportation
-2002
Plant
-3001
Abbreviations
-3002
Drafting
-3004
Prefabrication
-3006
Types
-3007
Piping
-3015
Underground
-3017
Piping
Vibration
-3025
Weight
of piping
-3036
Rack piping
-3037
Tower
-3038
Maximum
allowable
-3039
Standards
for
-3047
Checking
of
-3048
Checking
of planning
-3063
How to
use piping
-3069
Design
standards
-3074
Pump piping
-3082
How to
-3101
equipment
layout in piping methods
for
piping
drawings
of
sampling
spacing piping
materials
piping span for
piping
design
information
drawings and piping
materials for
piping
maintain
Drafting
methods
for
-3102
Matching
drawings
-3104
Drafting
of key plan
-3105
Drafting
of
steam
tracing
-3106
Drafting
of piping
notes
-3107
Drafting
of special
piping
-3108
Drafting
of hook-up
drawings
-3109
Drafting
of
-3112
Assign
-3113
Drafting
methods
-3114
Design
of quencher
isometric
of drawing
around
piping plot
for
drawings
compressor
design
piping
at
battery
.parts
details
drawings
planning
control
plan
munbers of
,=
lists
and
use
pipes
drawing
(or desuperheater)
limit
and turbine
sheet
2. Drafting 2.1
rule
Unit
and scale
(1) mm should be used as a unit. (2) In general,
comma(,) should not be used in the indication
(3) Nominal pipe diameters
of length.
should conform to job P&I and UFD.
(4) Standard scales are as follows; 430,
l/40,
450,
480,
l/l00
NOTE : Scale column in the drawing made up of piping details should be entered with 'none', and scale column in the drawing made up of piping sections and details , should be entered with the scale of sections. 2.2
Lines to be used Lines 0.9
Application BATTERYLIMIT HWJ.'CH LINE
mm Full
0.8
line Pipes and flanges ZB up to l2B (single line), section of steel structure, ZB and larger in isometric drawing.
mm
Full line .....
Full
I
I I
line
l.l/ZB and under I (single line), pipes and flanges I 14B and larger (double line), ! l.l/ZB and under in isometric drawing, indication of valve handle.!
line
Outline of equipment, structure and building, parts of piping such as valve, strainer etc., hatching of sectional area, dimension line, indication of platform floor and pipe insulation.
Pipes
0.5 mm Full
'
and flanges
0.1 Centerline
of equipmemt and pipe.
; i f i
i f I 1
m--
0.2 mm
One dotted chain line j em--
Two dotted chain line
w-m-----
Dotted line
34026 -38-
Future area and piping outside of TEC battery
or others limit.
I !
Dnobserved portions of equipment structure, building and piping. Size of line should be consistent with respective full line.
1 I ;
2.3
Indication
of
pipes
(Double
line)
Scales
for
piping
l/40
I/30
drawing
1150
l/80
lilO0
L g
-qg3
HE0 3. Piping
E[ti
- -2
14B
z 16~
materials Pipe
3.1
3.1.1
Equation
to determine
the
(1) When Do/t26
or P(1006~)/2.6
(2) When Do/t<6
or
t=--
r
( l-
thickness
of
steel
pipe
(KHK.S
0302)
P>1006n/2.6
lOO$J-P 1006n+p
I+ c
t = Xinimum required thickness of pipe (mm) P - Design internal pressure (kg/cm2) Do= Outside diameter of pipe (mm) 6= Allowable stress of material (kg/cm2) D= Coefficient of pipe's longitudinal seam, usually 0.85, for SMLS 1.0 C = Corrosion allowance (mm) and dimensional tolerance 12.5 8 3.1.2
Pipes
requiring
Typical Steel grade
Carbon
JIS
Steel
Cr-MO
3.1/2
Ni
-39-
are
shown
heat
treatment
in the
table
ANSI
(PWHT) below. Remark
Thickness
STPG38,42 STPT38,42 STPL39 -. STS38,42 STPY41 SM41B
A53GrA,B A106GrA,B A333Gr6 A524Gr1,II A139GrA A139GrB,C,D
219 219 2_ 19 219 Al9 219
STPA12 STPA22 STPA23 STPA24 STPA25 STPA26
A335GrPl A335GrP12 A335GrPll A335GrP22 A335GrP5 A335GrP6
216 mm 212.7 mm 212.7 mm r: 12.7 mm 2 12.7 mm 212.7 mm
c-1/2Mo lCr-1/2Mo l.l/4Cr-1/2Mo Z.l/ZCr -lMo
STPL46
A333Gr3
219
3.1/2Ni
* It is,advisable point of view. 3402G
pipes
postweld
to have
minimum
welded
joints
mm mm mm mm mm mm
SCr-1/2Mo
SCr-1Mo
mm from
cost
reduction
3.1.3
Pipe
selection
*.
criteria
! Pipes Selection Criteria'. ethylene-aromatic-plant Selection
of
pipe
MAT'L
STEEL
TEMP.(OC)
GRADE L
should be ected by using the attached sheet i! The following tables are actual data for in China. i
1
I
PIPE AND FITTING LARGE DIA. ST'D PIPE PIPE FITING FITTING 1 (PLATE) SDS316 & HIGHER
f SDS316 & i HIGHER i
FLANGE, VALVE, FORGING
i -
I
I i
I
420
i
-
i SFHVlZB 2 . SF45 or i S25C,S28C 350
! AL-KILLED
i
j SPV24 j SM41B or j SS41/STPY41
; SF50 or ; c3oc ; : SS41
1 STPL39 I
i SLA33A or i SLA33B
; ASTM i A350Gr.LF2
-46 '3.5 -102
Ni
I 18Cr-8Ni I
3402G
STPL46
i ! ASTM i: A203Gr.D
SUS304TP
i i SDS304 i
!
-4O-
I
CASTING
BOLT/NUT
SDS316 & HIGHER
!
I
480
-10
BOLTING
I SDS F316 61 SCS14 & I HIGHER I1 HIGHER
i SFHV.22B iSFHV.23B ,
; STPG38 or : SGP.
FITTING
I
i
1
560
'Pipe
material
18Cr-12Ni -MO & HIGHER
600
1.
I
I
i
I -,
or;SCPH21 :
; SCPHll
; SCPH2 i FcMB35 j PCD40 I FC20 I
i SCPLl i
i j SNB16 or j A193Gr.Bl6 / ; A194Gr.4 !* ! SNB7 or jA193Gr.B7 / 'S45C or : Al84Gr.2H. ; S35C/S25C ss41/ss41
SDSF304
j SCPL31 i
j ,
j scs13
I ' sus304 Scls304 I
I
: ' i
:
I A320Gr.L7 * A194Gr.4
i ASTM A350Gr.LF3
!
I j I 1 i
3.2
Valve 3.2.1
Gear operated valve
Pressure rating 150 300 600 900 1500 2500 3.2.2
I I
GATE 18B 148 l2B 8B 6B 6B
and and and and and and
Special
Larger Larger Larger Larger Larger Larger
GLOBE 128 and 1OB and 8B and 6B and 4B and 4B and
Larger Larger Larger Larger Larger Larger
valve
(1) Valve provided with extension stem (2) Valve provided with lock (3) Valve provided with drain nozzle 3.2.3
Valve materiai Standard
of
..'.
valve material
T Kinds of steel Carbon steel
(Body, bonnet and
main parts)
other
VAL\ Borg1ed Steel JIS S28C (1) c3oc (1)
I
Cast
Steel
JIS SCPH2
ASTM A216Gr.WCB
I <
: i
SF45A(2)
:: .
SF50A(2) Carbon steel (Al killed) Low alloy steel C-Mo-Cr-Mo
A350Gr.LF2 t
SFHV12B SFHV22B SFBV23B SFHV24B SFHV25
SFHV26B Low alloy steel 35Ni Stainless steel
Gray cast iron Spheroidal graphite cast iron Black heat---cast iron 3.3
Fitting
3.3.1
Bend
SCPLl
A182Gr.Fl A182Gr .F12
A182Gr.Fll A182Gr.F22 A182Gr .F2 A182Gr.F9 A350Gr .L+F3
FCMBs35
a. Lines which are subject fluid.
3402G -II-
SCPL31
SDSF304 A182Gr.F304 SCS13A SUSF316 A182Gr .F3 16 SCS14A Gas, iron JJS ASTM A126CL.B Fc20 FCDS40 A395 A47Gr.32510
(1) Bend should be used in the following
b.
SCPHll SCPH21 SCPH21 SCPH32 SCPHCl
A352Gr.ICB ---I A217Gr.WCl A217Gr.UC6 A217Gr .W6 A217Gr.WC9 A217Gr.C5 A217Gr.Cl.2 A352Gr .LC3
cases.
to erosion due to abrasive
solids
Downstream of pressure reducing valve which is liable vibration due to high fluid velocity.
in the
to cause
Lines which are frequently
inside-cleaned.
BP 3ding radius Bending radius should be SD (D is pipe outside diameter). Allowance of 7% or more should be provided in thickness to compensate for the reduction of thickness due to bending. 1) High frequency -induction
bending
Because high frequency induction limitation, consult fabricator. ,2
Mitre
bending machine has dimensional
:
,:. .:
. ...
bend
Mitre bends may be used for lines 16B and larger operated at f 7 kg/cm 2 and below and temperatures of 260°C and below or for ind larger operated at 10 kg/cm 2 and below and 200°C and below, but the followings. (1) One-weld mitre
bend
::. _, One-weld aitre bends should,& used for air compressor suction line operated at atmospheric Pressure, and vent line which is open to atmosphere.
One weld mitre
(2) Two-weld mitre
.
.:. ._ :. :..,.I. . .:.:.. . .........,:. _,: .\.. ..,._1.'. .Z..'._ -. .. ".:::: ..'.... _..:,.c .: ,.I
bend
bend
Two-weld mitre bends should be used for low pressure process lines. lines 248 and larger, a nd for all utility
Two weld mitre bend
..: ;.;:
1402G -42-
. . .:
..:..-.,.
(3)
Four
weld
mitre
bend
Four weld mitre liquid containing to 24B.
'
bends should be used for lined and for all abrasive solids,
Four
l
(4)
3.3.3
between
The angle of intersection not exceed 22.S". Mitre
bend
for
Refer
to 8.14
weld
.underground
piping
'Dnderground
piping'
mitre
pipes for gas and process lines 16B
bend
segments
of mitre
bend
should
(C.W.) in
this
design
instruction.
Reducer (1)
Special
reducers
a. When reduced b. Lines c.
(2)
should
to three
168 and larger
When process
fluid
or more for
for
vibration
2) Special
design
for
Lines
of
l.l/ZB
in the
line
which
sizes
standard
following
cases.
down. reducer
is not
available.
requires.
1) Diffuser
Examples
be used
prevention. high
pressure.
installation and smaller ,coN.(No
ECC is
available)
~lC100 m/m and ldger When beam-to-beam span is 1000 mm or larger, top elevations of of pipe deflection resulting the beams may be the same, because from small diameter.
34026
-43-
Piping
with
Verticefl
shoes
line
I
CON.
‘,.;.. . .
I ....
.-~
Branched
connection
-ECC.
(In case of CON, drain accumulate.1
* But, CON may be used for not hydraulic-tested. Section 3.3.4
gas
will
lines
_
drawing
Tee (1) Wonrightangle
branch
connection
is made by pipe-to-pi& welding, the When branch connection amount of reinforcement should be determined, considering not and pressures of piping but also external only temperatures forces which will be applied to it. The angle of intersection between the branch and the run should not be less than IS".
Reinforcemnt rovided, if
Welded
340x
-II-
pipe
to pipe
connection
pad should required.
be
._ . . .. _‘.
"(2)
Welded
branch
Tees 16B and larger should not be shop possible, but should be field fabricated amount of reinforcement. 3.3.5
Standard Application 'Standard
3.3.6
Comparison
application of fitting application of material
Attached sheet ASTM-material'
fabricated as far after determining
as the
of fitting should conform of fitting'. between
to attached
sheet
2
JIS and ASTM
3 'Ccmparison table should be used.
c
of JIS-material
and
Flange (1)
The use of flanges flanged equipment
, in pi&g should be limited and valves, except special
to connections at cases such as :
a. Where dismantling of piping is required. Dismantling at the time of construction. Dismantling for cleaning of piping. (2)
(3)
bended portions in the piping requiring frequent cleaning (at least once a week) should be provided with flanged connections or provided with the bend whose bending radius is SD min. (D : nominal pipe diameter). Flange-to-flange length should be up to 24 meters when pipe'is cleaned from its one end. Sufficient flanges should also be provided for piping requiring occasional cleaning. All
Sheet gaskets should be used for use vortex type. (Check P&I for
aluminum heat piping spec.)
(4) When M and F or T and G facing is used, equipment instrument flanges should generally be female(m). .__-._ (5)
34026
-45-
: I '..-_: ,~. -_ ..:..;. ::
When W and F or T and G facing is used, piping as to allow easy dismantling for maintenance.
exchanger. flanges
should
j
Do not
or
be designed
so
:
pe
.af
work
for piping materials
. Scope of work at equipment nozzle (1) When standard flange connections
(coverid
in
H-103)
are
used.
a. Connection between unit equipment and piping
Mating flange, bolts by Piping Engineer Unit
by 'Piping
5 (Pipe,
equipment
-
and nuts
and gasket,
-
Engineer)
(men though there is a spec. break in P&I, they axe by Piping Engineer, provided
that
mating
flange
is
covered
by H-103.) Valve, by Piping Engineer
5 (Pipe, by Piping
Bolts and nuts and gasket, by Piping Engineer
340X
-46-
-_ Engineer)
b.
Connection
between
unit
equipment
and instrument
by Piping
Engineer
piping
.
Bolts and nuts and gasket) by Instrument Engineer ;. :.
: ._: .:_.. _-.
unit equipment
(Instrument,by
Valve,. bolts and nuts by Piping Engineer
Mating flanges, by Pipina EnUineer
h
Valvr,
by Piping
Instrument
and gasket,
Engineer
A /
by Piping
340x
-47-
Engineer)
Level instrument, by Instrument Engineer
Hanifold (For manifolds, information of main dimensions etc. should be provided by Instrumen t Engineer, and detail design and procurement by Piping Engineer.
nuts and gasket, Engineer
I
(2)
a.
When nonstandard flange connections between unit be as follows : In cases,
only
bolts
connections
(not covered in H-103) and piping or instrument
equipment
and nuts
Unit equipment
are
e
nonstandard.
Sa y valve, by %I strument
-
used, should
are
Engineer
. Bolts
and nuts,
by Instrument \
Gasket; by Piping
Stud bolts
Engineer
by Mechanical
(Pipe
Engineer
and nuts, Engineer
or instrument)
flange and gasket, by Piping Engineer
Mating
b.
In cases,
only
gasket
is nonstandard.
Mating
by Piping
3402G
-48-
flange and bolts Engineer
and nuts,
c.
In cases,
only
connecting
flange
/
d.
In cases rules.
(3)
Blind
of
flange
combination
of
attached
directly
Engineer
(Pipe
instrument)
a.b.c.,
Blind
or
bolts
to be consistent
to the flange,
by Mechanical
(4) Notes
and nuts
Mating flange, by Mechanical
$5
Unit equipment
is nonstandard.
nozzle
of
bolts
unit
and gasket,
with
the
above
equipment.
and nuts
and gasket,
Engineer
:
a. Though above mentioned scope of work is a standard practice, cofirmation of the scope should always be made by Piping Engineer. b.
In cases of rotating equipment or aluminum carefully for flanges which art officially in R-103 or flanges having larger thickness or strength requirements.
c.
When welded
heat exchanger etc., check standard but not covered because of manufacturing
joints are used, attention should be paid to the dimensions of inside and outside diameter of pipes, their tolerances and end preparation etc.
d. When nozzle-to-nozzle check to ascertain
connection of two pieces of equipment who is the originator of bolts and nuts
is made, and
gasket.
t.
3402G
-49-
When special piping equipment, consult
design is required for reformer the originator of such equipment
and other without fail.
Cng with of work in 'Split ng with
instrument between instrument of work for piping vendor's
engineer and piping materialsg, which
engineer is agreed
should be by them .
.I'..-. : ;,_
. :.
:
,.
piping
general, matching joints art made by welding. Attention should paid to the dimension of inside and outside diameter of pipes, ir tolerances and end preparation etc. Mction or confirmation should be made without fail ts, support points, displacement etc. in relation ss. I with
customer'6
equipment
neral, matching of pipes are id to the dimension of inside tolerances and end preparation ed where required.
of anchor to thermal
and piping made by welding. Attention should and outside diameter of pipes etc. Special fittings shduli be : _.I,
: .:.I ,I: - _ .:. ,. -- .. :.,g:-. ,__ .. ., ,.,..:.. :.: ::'. : I :.:.. .:. :. ..- . ... .. ..:.
?r Supply equipment, when connected with TEC's piping should >fully checked for flanges and pipes not covered in Hll.03. ges not covered in R-103 are used, Buyer should be request& Ly their mating flanges. The confirmation of the above !d should be made without fail. :
:...-.
.: :.....'
...
2.1
Cel\?ral
:
InS1AlatiOn mwn herctunder. Z
Hot
de::ign
shoulc’
be in accordance
with
L-101.
The outlil\?
will
:.,lsulation
5.2.1
Scope
of
,rpplicat
ic+l
(1)
;tfot. insul,\tion shou.‘.lj be appllc!d for equipment/piping of nigher terclberature, exlcuding chere heat ‘loss is fzjrorable.
800{: or
(2)
lh->t insulat .iOn should be appliec’ for lr*ter temperature, whtzn necessai*,y.
800~ or
equil,ment/pipil\T
of
.-
..,.
(3)
Equipment
an:’
its
part:,
shown
below
should
ilot
-.
be inntllated.
.. _; ‘\
a. Boti’\?r, b.
Compretsor.
Expl,?sion mechanical
joir ‘:( rotatic equipment.
:. Excha r\ger ‘s charnel
joint,
9; & :
valve
1 ad
othel-
similar
cover.
Desigr Design
I:ri ter ia
Should
A)E?in accol*lgance
luid
te,\perature
general, :ign
.fx
operati.?g
tem\h?rature,
witL
the
case
calculi\
tion
of
t1x.\ckness
of
tht!
temperaLure hvhen heat-,:
rotec
‘.‘300 h/y
ot JIS
A 95111.
fluid.
ted.
Irated ti\por tempel’ature cortesponding al temperature is unknown.
to the
prcb;sure,
whc\l
in Of appl i cat ion rsulatici\ should bc’ applied t’or equipm’?nt/piping emperatXlre, exclut’ling where .Yeat absori)tion
is
c,f Sac or f tvorable.
ulation should be applied for equipmel\t/piping ai: 50~ or !mperatr\re but unc’ttr ambient temperatul,e, in ordr?r to :ondensat:ion of moisture on the surfact? when : \sation
\rould
caust’
electric
sation
\+Duld caustl
damage
danger. tcl the
equicllent.
:ection If application nt/PiPin9 of 65°C or higher temperature, liable to be rd by operators during their work, should be hot-insulated iolated by protective means, in order to prevent ~1’s burn , when the equipment/piping is located: 800 mm above 00 mm from
grade the
edges
or
.: -.-:: . . . :.:
; I .,: :.r.-
.“.
; ...;.:_.: :- .’ . . ; .::: .y: -: ,. ‘: : :: .: .:. : ::. .: .:. ..;_‘:..::. .F’.
floor. of
platform
or
walkway.
application
rack fed.
columns within hazardous area should The extent should be up to the first
al or ed.
intermediate
transverse
beams -should .'.
be
transverse not
be
ure ures should be fire-proofed, where the structures are .L. of a process unit handing flammable liquid, or Elapse of the structure can cause severe damage to Init. The fire-proofing should be for columns only, ting from foundation to 2nd floor. :” .
‘.
: : _.
..
.,’
:-.
.-
Support
structure
for
furnaces
furnaces should be fire-proofed, unless Support structure d s for the furnace handles-only non-combustible fluid or there is only hydrocarbon vapor in the tubes. Even when the furnace handles only non-combustible fluid or there is only hydrocarbon gas in the tubes, the support structure should be fire-proofed, if the structure is within 6 m from a. furnace whose structure is fire-proofed. The fire-proofing should be for columns only, the extent being from the foundation to bottom of the furnace. Horizontal beams should not be fire-proofed.
.2
:
:..
.: : ;. :
:-.
Design
. . .’
:, .’
. .
..,
:
Fire-proofing Structural
and
should
Configuration
:.
.’
,.
_:’
skirts for with concrete
,
which fire-proofing is of min. 50 mm thickness.
3
.
50
oise
protection
i.6.1
Scope
of
(1)
Insulation discharge reducing
(2)
Specifically, the stage
application for noise protection should be applied pipk,ng of compressors or other similar valve and its downstream piping).
-53-
:,
the of
job.
scope
of
.. .
._. :.:
material
vessel’s be covered
steel
necessary (2)
lining
..
:.. _.
(1)
:.
application
should
be
especially on piping (pressure
decided
on at
. .- . :. .
.
:
.‘_ ,.
I’
Design
5.6.2
(1)
6. Noise 6.1
Noise
protection
material
Glass
wool,
rock
wool,
of
noise
*. hard
cement,
etc.
and vibration Noise 6.1.1
General (1)
Purpose Noise
control
a. workmen's b. plant c. (2)
For
be made for
the
purpose
of:
health
preventing
stage
should
in preventing
safety,
Noise
control
public
distraction
nuisance
protection
of operator's
attention.
to noise.
design
prevention of noise, considerations of design, as follows. equipment/apparatus
Layout should be such that equipment/apparatus producing large noise is located away from areas where regulative restriction severe, or located behind a building. Under certain circumstances, it may be necessary to:
2) wrap
up the
3) provide
6.1.2
Noise (1)
level
source
sound
4) enclose the equipment.
the of
protection
source
of
source
noise wall noise
of
with
noise. sound
absorption the
source
shielding
of
around
with
noise.
material. of
-54-
noise.
building
and
limitation
When customer's observing the
specification exists, specified values.
design
should
be
l L
3402G
the
b.
to
lesser
at
Select
a muffler
produces
be paid
a.
1) attach
which
should
done,
iS
(2)
When customer's
done,
specification the followings
observing
is non-existent, as a rule in
design general.
visited is done
occasionally, occasionally.
and Area
where
Inside of B.L.
Walkway, and Area where maintenance done frequently during operation Operation maintenence operation. Control
Outside of B.LOn the boundary line of complex
34026
-55-
1 (In
view
work
work area, and Area where work is done constantly
be
Exposure to noise
Max. noise level
1 Zh/day or lOh/week I
' 1QOdBA iI
Location Area work
should
is
during
4h/day or 20h/week
i
95dBA
Bh/day or 4Oh/week
1 9OdBA
I
! room,
and Office
of only
the
plant
(In view of all plants within whole complex altogether)
1 55dBA concerned) the
whole
..
1 ,
-
1 60dBA j 65dBA II
6.1.3 noise control
sources of noise Kinds of major sources of noise are as follows. Specifically, measures should be decided on, at the stage of job. Kinds of source
of noise I
Classification
Source of noise
I
1.
Rotating machine and chemical machine
Machine proper
-
Putml
r 2.
Canpre ssor
A 1.
Piping system
7.
others
Driving
1.
F=t
2.
Exhaust to
1.
Steam turbine/Governor Motor/Gear box Vent/Silencer
2.
steam
G-8.
3.
Safety valve Control valve, pressure reducing valve
PipiqJ
2.
parts
c 3. 4. 5. 1. 2.
I
3.
Combustion
4.
Note
3402~
-56-
3ther s : (*l)
medium I1 arae medium I medium low large medium medium large hiqh mediumme-urn high lame I 1 high large high small high medium mediumhigh large high large low
tnwar c”“s*
Air-fin cooler Vibrating mill
Piping -
i n”
6.
5.
1. 2.
PM1 “uw&a.raJ
trap
(*2)
Butterfly valva 1+3) Restriction orifice (*2)(*3) Ejector . Steam desuperheater Noise from rotating machine Noise from piping parts
High speed flow friction noise 1. Furnace 2. Boiler 3. Flare stack I 1: Transformer 2. Vessel 3. Air compressor suction port 3.
--;I4
hxqh high
Blower ,
-
LIX?diUIp-
,l. 3.
Noise (*l: enerw medium large
I Cycle(*l)
-
high
"
large
medyy x large mediurpmedium xrh high I large high large med umhigh i arae high large hign medium iOge-aum I med=s low--‘ medium I medium low large low small high small high large
Values of cycle and noise energy shown in the table apply only in general. They are subject to change according to the size of equipment, etc. (*2) Noise is produced when shock wave emerges. (*3) Noise is produced when cavitation occurs.
6.2
Vibration 6.2.1
General (1)
Purpose
of
Vibration
-5-f-
countermeasures
countermeasures
a.
preventing
excessive
b.
preventing vibration.
deterioration
c.
establishing without any
d.
preventing
public
(2)
Vibration
prevention
For the supports
34026
vibration
stress of
nuisance
of vibration be designed
Isn’t
b.
and also Isn’t it
source
c.
replace it Isn’t there
d.
Isn’t
e.
Isn’t the piping Is the location
liable to of supports
f.
Is
of
g.
Isn’t it possible thermal stress is
h. . i.
Isn’t
there
Isn’t
the
of start-up) possible to
there
to
which
due
to
performance operators
strength
any piping
purpose
of:
can
due
to
run
the
plant
vibration.
prevention, piping under consideration
of
vibration?
remove
the
(in
source
case of
by one with lesser vibration any need to provide straight any
the
vibration.
operating in
for
design
a.
the
any
be provided
due
circumstances anxiety.
purpose should there
should
need
to
increase
suffer from appropriate? sufficient?
to utilize severe?
shock
liable
of
of
normal
vibration,
or
force
to
producing force? run length?
any vibration?
absorber,
in
the
case
resonance? to
operation
thickness?
supports
fear
route and piping of the followings.
any
equipment
to
vibrate?
where
6.2.2
Vibration (1)
Fluid
I
of piping
Piping which Major sources consideration vibration are Furthermore, for vibration
requires consideration of vibration countermeasures of vibration which should be taken into in the piping design and the causes of such as shown below. refer to '6. Loading Condition and Allowable Stress' load.
Source
Cause of
of vibration rg pump
Liquid ,^ a-. (Gas/llq mixture)
Gas, Steam
natural ; phenomennon I
I
Lntrifugal pump Restriction orifice -Butterfly valve, Gate valve Centrifugal pump Gas/liquid mixed flow Others Reciprocating compressor Roots type blower Centrifugal compressor Blower Restriction orifice Pressure reducing valve Safety valve Steam line IOthers Wind
Pressure ! Surging
vibration i
pulsation
! ! I 1
(*3)
Cavitation
(*4)
! Two-phase I
flow
Pressure
pulsation
(*5)
! ,f I t
Surging Shock wave 1 1 I 1 1 1 I
(*6)
Discharge counterforce Water-hammer
jL 1
i
Wind pressure, Karman vortex, Vibration of fixing point Vibration of fixing point
Note: (*3) (*I) (*5) (*6)
34026
For pumps which are liable to surge at start-up, vibration prevention measures should be planned in advance. This is liable at high speed liquid flow. Two-phase flow lines are indicated specifically by Process Engineer. Shock wave emerges when downstream pressure is lower than l/2 of upstream pressure.
-58: .
(2)
Pipings
which
require
attention
with
regard
to resonance
Major sources of vibration which should be taken into account the piping design in order to prevent resonance and conditions for occurrence to such resonance are as shown below. Fluid
Source
of Vibration
Reciprocating Roots
type
I
pump pump
Liquid Roots type meter Thermowell
flow
f
i’
Roots
type
blower
I Thermowell
I
I
(3)
resonance
Vibration
of equipment
caused
' Causes
Centrifugal compressor Turbine 7. Cathodic 7.1
protection
Cathodic
Ascertain accordance ascertain
for
; i
I( and, I1
if
piping is not considerations
in
at equipment
f Misalignment i Cavitation
of
shaft
coupling
static
to Eng'g
-59-
Major Spec.
points H-119.
required
Misalignment
of
shaft
coupling
Misalignment
of
shaft
coupling
1 Unbalanced
rotating
electricity
protection
shaft
in design
of consideration
Detail design should be made, specific resistivity of soil, obtained by site survey, etc.
should based pH of
be
as
; I
1
protection
Consideratins
(1)
3402G
1 Causes
and grounding
and 1
7.1.1 Object of its application and related laws and regulations whether cathodic protection should be adopted or not, by ITB or in with the customer's requirements. When it is to be adopted, about any related laws and regulations. 7.1.2
refer
at piping
Excessive nozzle cunterforce Mixing-in of air Insufficiency of EPSH (incl. unbalanced flow) Excessive nozzle counterforce Excessive nozzle counterforce Mixing-in of drain
Centrifugal Pump
tI
piping
by
Equipment shown below is liable to vibrate designed properly. This requires particular the piping design.
Equipment
]
1. Coincidence of frequency of pressure / pulsation and natural frequency of liquid column--pipeline (liquid column resonance) 2. Coincidence of frequency of pressure pulsation and natural frequency of piping system
steam
I
for
1. Coincidence of frequency of Karman vortex i natural frequency of thermowell 1. Coincidence of frequency of pressure pulsation and natural frequency of gas column--pipeline (gas column resonance) 2. Coincidence of frequency of pressure pulsation and natural frequency of piping I system Il. Coincidence of frequency of Karman vortex natural frequency of thermowell * I
Reciprocating compressor Gas,
Conditions
in
follows.
on accurate soil, etc.
values
which
For
details,
of are to be
I 1 I
(2)
It should be decided on in early stage, which of the impressed current system and galvanic anode system is to be adopted.
(3) Application (4) Ascertain 7.1.3
extent about
Comparison system See
the
of cathodic any place
between table
of
impressed
protection electrical current
should
be
shown clearly.
discontinuity. system
and galvanic
anode
shown below.
A COMPARISON OF GALVANIC ANODE SYSTEM AND IMPRESSED CURRENT SYSTEM IMPRESSED CURElNT SYSTEM
OUTLINE SYSTEM
OF
In this system, the negative pole of the external D.C power source is connected to the structure to be protected and the positSve pole to the electrode immersed in the electrolyte
In this system, anode metal of lower potential than that of structure to be protected, is connected directly or with lead-wire to the structure
1. Can be applied to a wide range of structures including, if necessary, large, uncoated structure. 2. Use is less restricted by the resistivity of the soil or water.
1. They are independent source of electric
i ! !
3. Requires relatively simple controls and can be made automatic to maintain potentials within close limits despite wide variations of conditions. 4. Requires generally a small total number of anode and long life.
MERITS
1. Requires a main supply other source of electric power. 2. requires structures DEMERITS
groundbed
structures
3402G
-6O-
GALVANIC ANODE SYSTEM
the effects that are
to
on other near the
of protected
to be assessed.
of any power.
2. Their usefullness is generally restricted to the provision of local protection. 3. They are less likely to affect any nearby structures because the output at any one point is low. 4. They are relatively to install.
1
simple
1. Their use may be impracticable except with soils or waters with low resistivity. 2. Their output can not be controlled but there is a tendency for their current to be selfadjusting. 3. They maybe required at a large number of positions. Their life varies with conditions so that fill up the anode may be required.
; * I f
.
7.2
Grounding (1)
static
for
Grounding
of
electricity
piping
protection
(standard
All piping containing grounded as follows:
practice
flammable
of
installation)
gas or liquid
a. If
any flange connection of the made of insulating material, with bonding wire (conductor).. like
piping all
should
and
is connected by bolts or the flanges should be provided .
b. When bolts are not made of insulating material, for each 30 m length pipe and grounding should of the bonding.
bonding should be made be made at the place
c.
Bonding flanges.
d.
If length of piping connected to equipment is 30 m or shorter, such piping should be deemed as a part of the equipment and, therefore, bonding and grounding are not required.
(For a.
wires should be connected to lug plates They are not to be connected to bolts.
Dangerous electricity.
fluid
which Class
2) Ether, Formic
Class Carbon esters,
are
liable
1 (Crude oil, Light oil, 2 (Kerosene, 3 (Fuel oil,
Class
disulfide, Pyridine,
b. Notes - Safe
about flow
electric velocity
to cause Gasoline, etc.) Light oil, Lube oil,
Collodion, Chlor-bensol,
3) Powder which can cause disaster non-conductive powder (systhetic contained in pneumatic conveyor
-61-
which
are
welded
to
reference)
1) Petroleum products
340X
be wired
disaster
due to static
Solvent
naphtha,
Diesel Creosote
oil, oil,
Tar,
Xylol, etc.)
etc.)
Acetone, Acetic esters, Animal/vegetable oils,
due to staticelectricity, resin, wheat flour, pipe.
etc. incl.
etc.)
charge is 1 m/s or lower,
- For a given is larger.
flow
velocity,
- For a given larger.
pipe
dia.,
electric electric
for charge
charge
is
petroleum
products
is larger larger
when pipe
when velocity
(API) dia. is
(2)
Standard
a.
Bonding
practice between
Lug for
of
installing
pipes Luge to be fabricated instailed by piping fabricator.
bonding _._ -.
b.
Bonding
between
lugs
valve
and
and pipe
SW terminal
I V8mm2
Lugs' to installed c.
be
fabricated
by piping
Rack piping should be connected to grounding main, length of pipe. Rack columns should be treated in the piping.
for the
and fabricator. each same
30 m way as
c
IV14mm2
External damage protection pii= Not required when there is no fear of external damage.
Grounding
34026
-62-
main
-
d. Dimension/material
of lug and terminal
1) Dimensions For insulated
pipe(L=30+thickness
of insUlation)
To fit
to tolt
size
SUS terminal
Dimension of Lug 2) -Material When pipe material is alloyed be the same as ipe material. P design details
8. Piping 8.1
Piping
around tower and vertical
8.1.1
Layout
(1) Typical
Location
t?
steel
or SDS, lug material..should
tank
arrangement around tower
Of: manhole f---l
,.L \-
P 'iping
to
(Conde
b
3402G
-63-
Area for piping
' to eqti
.:
(2)
Considerations
required
a. Replacement b. Maintenance c. Lifting/dropping For all (3)
Installation
to maintenance
area
are:
accessories
should
can be affected
(using
be provided
pipe
davitl
on grade.
by:
pump
Head for
for
reboiler
spontaneous
d. Combination e. Pressure handling f.
enough
height
b. Thermosiphon c.
regard
of filling work for reboiler of valve and tower
of above,
a. NPSH of
with
with
flow-down
reboiler
loss occurring liquid which
(gravity
of other
flow
line)
neighboring
tower
in the line up to the control is at near its boiling point
valve,
when
Others
8.1.2
Nozzle For
8.1.3 (1)
orientation
nozzle
orientation,
Piping
around
Height
of
refer
to
'Par.
3 Nozzle
Orientation'
tower
nozzles
at the
of
bottom
tower
Elevations of bottom draw-off nozzle (X17) and drain nozzle (131) They are rather affected by the cannot be fixed uniformly. But, as far height of skirt, NPSH of pump and other conditions. the followings should be observed in order to have as possible, uniformity in each plant area.
In (*)
of
a. Suction shortest b. No pocket
3402G
-64-
of
leg
To be decided on case by case, where considerations are required for NPSH of pump, headroom for operators (min.2100), and height of the destination point to which the piping is connected.
In design
C.
case
bottom
draw-off
line
line of pump should length. should.be
to pump, have least
made in the
number
of bends
and
piping.
Location of supports and shape of the piping should be given careful attention, so that any undue force caused by expansion the piping will not be effected to the pump.
of
Installation
(2,
of valves
In principle, valves should be installed directly, so that drain cannot accumulate is shut. Drain here.
tit
(3)
Flexibility
Cal-l
against 'there
the nozzles when the valve
accumulate
Qood
g-a
'. : ..
of piping
Attention.should be paid to the thermal expansion of piping When 'the piping is such that the feed positi& can be alterid changeover operation of valves which are connected respectively. -some number ,sf. Feed nozzles located at different elevations.
Loop
* G 4:5-
be avoided
as far as possible.
.
Support
Any control valve or anchor directly underneath vertical
to
Supports and piping route should be planned with attention to any difference of expansion between the tower and the _piping, . caused by temperature gradient within the tower or dissimilar materials used for the tower and me piping.
f
\
should
by
. support piping.
should
not
be placed
.
Piping connected to equipment should be of them due to wind etc., the procedure
11. Displacement due to force 1 extermal (wind pressure, / earthquake) ! :2. Displacement ; due to heat I
each of neighboring checked with regard pressure, earthquake, being as follows.
i
!
(2
2. Guided cantilever method ODT
(Note)
3402G
-66-
Use of bellows
\1
/Any problem to be i discussed in consulltation with Process Engineer I
alculation 1. Process requirements b. Support 3 . Esthetic appearance A
towers or other fixed to sway and displacement thermal expansion,
OUT
Iplanning
\1
should
be avoided
i
I Use
‘i
(4)
Clearance
Attention not have contact.
. (5)
Roundabout
to
Attention not with reinforcing
contact
of piping
In general, rising piping should pass vertical But, nozzle to which the piping is connected. the piping may be as follows:
Kin 4z
to have ring.
Min.
center line of when inevitable,
the
Min.
Flexibility
(Use guide if H is short) -
BV should be provided at a place near to the nozzle possible. This applies even when there is &&&out piping. Supports should be provided in the vertical piping. (6)
as far as of the part of the
Reboiler
a. Outlet piping of reboiler should have least number of bends and shortest length, because pressure drop is critical in there. Furthermore, in case of thermosiphon type reboiler, attention is required because there are some restrictions with regard to the position of nozzle and the installation height of the equipment, in order to have proper circulation of the liquid. b. Because the piping around reboiler is generally of large diameter, careful attention is required to the thermal stress and the load effected to nozzle. Especially in case where there is stand-by equipment, spring supports may be used to support the reboiler, in order to cope with temperature difference between the operating equipment and spring support should not the stand-by equipment. (In general, be used, however.) 3402G
-67-
(7)
Sampling
piping
Sampling nozzles should preferably be located adjacent to the platform. If sample nozzles are inevitably located at a higher level, the sample piping should be extended downward to the platform or grade, as shown in the Fig. shown below.
-
Sample
connection
Platform Example (8) 'Hose a.
b.
station
of
sampling
and other
Pipings for hose station, etc. should be extended so that tower possible,
small
piping dia.
piping
methanol injection, upwardly altogether clips can be planned
Hose station should be located at the does not interfere with manhole.
PDI, fire-fighting, in a group as far accordingly.
end of
platform
20 that
C. In case of especially tall tower, attention is required temperature difference between the tower and the piping, provide flexibility of the piping accordingly. d.
3402G
-68-
Attention is tower top.
required
to possible
movement
of pipe
davit
as it
to any and to
at
the
8.2
Piping
around
8.2.1
Type of Shell letters
alphabetical
heat
exchanger
heat
exchanger
and tube type heat exchangers as shown in the table below.
Front end station head types
Steel
are
expressed
by three
Rear end head types
types
'4 e? pbe sheet k&'A stationary One pass
shell
Channel and remo+Sble--c&er Fixed Lii"B"
-------
tube sheet stqtiontiy
Wo pass shell #ith longitudinal saffle F$xe$ sube sheet Fe2 C stationary Bonnet (integral cover)
T ------1
Split
flow
Outside floatinu
packed head
Floating head with backing devic Double
Channel integral with tube sheet and reiuovable cofef
split
flow
Pull through floatins head
T 1 Divided
flow U-tube
*I ! LL; &ecial pressure 3402G
-69-
hi
h cP osure
II UJCI Kettle reboiler
type
bundle
Packed floatin tube sheet WIxi! lantern ring
8.2.2
Considerations
required
for
arrangement
and piping
(1)
Arrangement should operation on valves
(2)
Where heat exchangers are installed side by side, coolant pipings and valve-operation positions should be placed at the same side of the heat exchanger.
(3)
Space should be provided so that removal cover and tube bundle can be made easily.
(4)
In case of heat exchagers installed within a building structure where trolley beam or the like is provided, be avoided to have any piping running just above the of the heat exchanger.
(5)
Piping should be as short as possible, unnecessary loop or pocket.
(6)
Piping, when connected with a nozzle located far from the should be arranged under' fixed-side saddle of heat exchanger, movement due to thermal consideration of the heat ex de #ger*e expansion. Usually, the saddle at the channel side is fixed. .' t ..
!
Fixed
be such that enough space and instruments, and for
side
Sliding
valves,
is provided for walkway, as well.
of channel
without
having
In principle, the nozzles.
(8)
Consideration is required to have the shape of the which no excessive force is effected to the nozzle weight or thermal expansion of the piping, together consideration to have supports accordingly.
(9)
Alteration
flow
blinds,
etc.
should
be installed
be done process nozzle, made by
3402G
-7O-
any
against
piping caused with
in by the
from the view points of piping requirement, etc., to alter flow for which etc. of a heat exchanger Process Engineer.
However, such alteration should be made only after close cooperation with Process Engineer, since the affect the rating of the heat exchanger. directions
or a it should center line
direction
When necessary, it can design, maintenance or direction, position of rating design has been
Flow
shell
side
(7)
of
cover,
should
be in principle
such
that:
a study alteration
in can
. . . ..
a.
Low temperature fluid fluid flows downwardly.
flows
b.
Preferably, high temperature in counterflow relationship.
d.
(10)
and low
high
temperature
temperature
fluid
if the fluids passing through the heat exchanger are liquid non-condensable gas, and tube-.@ide is of multi-pass configuration, inlet and outlet' can be exchanged each other, shell side and also at tube side. If tube side is of single pass configuration, can be exchanged each other, provided that at both of shell side and tube side. Alteration
Floor sxc
a.
In general,
b.
When pipe installation installation This
of nozzle
are
t Y&c
(A) (A)-type
occurs
at
inlet and outlet exchange is made
h
or paving
dia.
this
Or
type
should
(B)
be used.
it may require that heat exchanger’s is iarge, If there is any restriction height be increased. height, (B)-type should be used.
for
installation
height
same as the
- When heat exchanger is to be installed underneath and any increase in the heat excha%er's installation would require unnecessarily high structure. - When heat
exchanger
- When heat
exchangers
is mounted are
on a horizontal
the
structure height
vessel.
to be stacked.
When (B)-type is used, this should be informed So this should be decided Mechanical Engineer. stage of piping study.
to vendor through on at the early
- Dimension
Engineer.
‘a’
of
example:
- When it is desired to have other heat exchanger.
c.
flows
‘I .,
However,
c.
whereas
upwardly,
should
be decided
on by Piping
- Dimension 'h' should be checked in accordance with the table of 'Drain piping dimensions for each type', which is included in 'Par. 9.14 Drain, vent'.
34026
-71-
8.2.3
Example
(Example
of piping
:.. No p&icular
* In case
of W.N.
(Example No particular required .for
horizontal
type
'heat
consideratio ration
flange,.
this
s-hould
be make-up
-72-
size.
2) consideration operation
Piping to be removable (determined case by case)
/7
34026
exchanger
1)
.
..
around
These lines valve
to be symmetric when there is i~o in the lines
- Supply general,
lines for two units symmetrical lines.
- No particular cooling water (Example
operated
consideration vent valve.
is
in parallel
required
for
should
operation
be,
in
of
3)
Cavitation is likely to happen due to pressure reduction in the neighborhood of the valve outlet. Low insta we ferred
(Example
llati
.on level
is
4) Flanges required maintenance* (determined case Long
for
. by case)
elbow
Support should be removable (If not, inconvenience is incountered when putting blind or removing pipe) To allow of drain
8.2.4 (1)
installation valve
- If necessary, considered. the type of
flanges In this support.
Piping
rehoiler
around
Determination
a. .Where
there
of
for the purpose case, attention
reboiler's
is no stand-by
leg
(i.e. pipe
-73-
no changeover
forces
. 3402G
should be also for
length
reboiler This
of maintenance should be paid
reboiler
Piping should flexibility
operation) to
slide
have
1) Determine the height AL1 is equal to that
of of
legs, so that elongation reboilerAL2 +AL3.
2) When reboiler is slidable, designed with consideration by the reboiler.
of
vessel
supporting structure should be for friction counterforce exerted
31 Reboiler should be slidable in such a way that ‘it can move sufficiently by the expansion force exerted onto the nozzle. We Teflon sliding plate.) ' 4) Check should - When r&oiler piping.
be done
for
strength
is made slidable
of the
nozzle.
to absorb
the
elongation
U,se sliding Direction
of
plates of
sliding
Bolt holes &o be slotted in the direction of sliding
Bolt
hole de
1: Length for allowing d: Bolt hole dia. for
.-.
displacement the bolt used
Clearance of sliding - When there is no need to make reboiler need to have bolt holes slotted).
required for provi+n pad and liner (2omj slidable
Thermal expansion by piping flexibility
Clearance 3402G
-74-
of
liner
required (2Oumd
(There
is no
absorbed
for
provision L
it should be avoided thermal stress.
In general, alleviating
to have
bellows
for
Bellows (riot to be used far as possible
b.
When there operation).
is stand-by
1) Determine the reboiler AL2 and check the produced when
reboiler
(i.e.
there
is changeover
height of leg, so that the elongation of +AL3 is equal to that of vessel ALl, stresses of piping and nozzle neck which the reboiler is shut down.
are
2) If the result of this check is 'out', increase the flexibility of the piping by altering the size or type of the reboiler after a study in cooperation with Mechanical Engineer, and recheck the stresses. the reboiler should be supported by If this is not possible, springs. In this case, check of the stress produced by load change (due to deflection) of the spring is required. (In general, spring should not be used, however.)
When reboiler is to be slidable, direction of its movement llh0uia be like this
3) Arrangement symmetrical.
of
reboilers
and pipings
in
parallel
4) Route of the piping should be simple as far After that there will occur only small AP. been fixed, AP should be checked by Process 34026
-75-
should
be
as possible, so the route has Engineer.
(2)
Considerations
a. Removal
required
of
rehoiler
in view
of maintenance
head
Provide
Here,
space
lifting
for
flanges
up
are needed
Reboiler Heat exchanger welded nozzle b.
with
In case where one reboiler 'is put out of operation for maintenance while the other reboiler is under operation, consideration should be given for positions of valves and flanges (to enable removal of rehoiler's cover).
Area
for
removal
Position *Provision
(3) a.
Check
of
thermal
Calculation
of
1) Temperature 2)
Calculate
at max. nozzles,
3402G
-76-
stresses the
elongation
when installed
around of
of
cover
bf valve of flanges
reboiler reboiler
= -5°C
(however,
if
for
cold,
the difference of elongations of vessel and operating. temperature, and check the stresses. see Par.b)
55Oc) reboiler (For
a. This is a kind of heat exchanger composed of a combination of elements, each being made up of two aluminum sheets and a wave-shaped fin brazed to the sheets ,. so that each fluid passes through respective space along the wave-shaped fin, and heat exchange accurs through the fin and the sheet.
b.
Merits
1) Compared with,shell and tube type heat exchabger, several to about 10 times larger heat transfer area can be obtained with the volume being the same. Therefore, it is very compact and of light weight. 2) Efficiency
of heat
exchange
is good .and loss .,’
is
small.
A^---
3) It
is
because
4) Various
inexpensive when used for of its use of aluminum. flow
patterns
5) When shape of heat transfer c.
2) Material
-78-
service,
can be obtained.
fin is appropriate, it is possible performance even when flow velocity
to keep high is small.
Demerits 1) Cleaning is free of dirt nearby.
34026
low-temperature
not easy. or fluid
of construction
Therefore, it is used only for fluid purified by use of filter etc. installed is almost
limited
to aluminum.
d.
Some number of heat exchangers in combination are housed and The space between the cold-insulated within a box (shelter). heat exchabngers and the box wall is filled with pearlite etc. for the cold-insulation and N2-purged constantly to remove moisture in there.
N2 inlet'
(2)
Planning/fixing
of nozzle
orientation
:..i..
ai
In general, be placed
all nozzles, excluding at the rack side
those
for
instruments,
Access
should
area
Rack piping
1) If any equipment to which the heat exchanger is connected is consideration is required to installed in the neighborhood, have some nozzles at the side opposite to the rack, in view of thermal stress and allowable load of nozzles.
2) Because the appropriate consulted.
direction manifold
of
within
nozzle the
can be altered by provision the vendor should be
of
box,
.~Rack piping b.
_..-. ::
In general, platform and side. However, platform also so as to facilitate nozzles and retightening
.43). Considerations
i
required
ladder should be installed at access should be installed at the rack side access to strainers installed at inlet of nozzle flanges. for
piping
.-
a.
Because the allowable load of nozzle is generally very small, this load should be ascertained by reply from the vendor and consideration is required for arrangement of supports, accordingly.
b.
In addition to the above, because thermal expansion is unexpectedly differs from one heat exchanger to also be ascertained by reply from
C.
Because any welding avoid trouble, clips prior to shipment.
d. Attention aluminum e. Because washers f.
on the box should not be done in order to for support should be provided by vendor
should be paid with steel. aluminum flange for protection
Because aluminum be used.
displacement of nozzles due to large, and the fixing point another, these matters should the vendor.
flange
to galvanic
is of
soft, bolts the flange.
is generally
corrosion
due
should thick,
be accompanied special
Flange gaskets should be sheet'gasket, so that the flanges. (Check them against H-103.) h. Because, in many cases, filters consideration is required for
3402G
-8O-
to contact
they
bolts will
of
by should
not
are installed at inlet nozzles, easy removal of the elements.
mar
8.2.6
Piping (1)
around
Considerations
air
cooler
required
for
When designing arrangement considerations are required particularly important."\-,
8.3
piping of piping for the
around air cooler, followings which are
a.
In many cases, several number of air coolers are combined In this case, consideration become one item as equipmant. required for uniform distribution of fluid flow.
b.
In the above case, header becomes very long and, inevitably, problem of thermal expansion becomes more apparent, requiring careful study in this respect.
c.
Arrangement of piping should be designed in such a way that no excessive force or moment will be effected to the nozzles of air cooler. This is because, if excessive force or moment is effected, tube bundle would tend to warp, to cause trouble such The allowable force or as leak at the tube-to-tube sheet joints. moment is limited to very low value and these values are presented by vendor of the air cooler. Therefore, arrangement of piping should be designed, based upon so that requirements given calculations of thermal stress, etc., by vendor are sufficiently met.
d.
Vendor/purchaser should be clearly
Piping
around
rotating
8.3.1
Piping
around
(1)
B.L. conditions, defined.
together
with
scope
of
to is
the
supply,
machine pump
General The followings are intended to supplement or revise the customer's requirements regarding pump piping and the manual TM-3074 (pump piping), and also to stipulate about the items ear-marked in the manual to be defined at the job stage. Therefore, matters other than the folllowings should be in accordance with TEM-3074.
t
a. Arrangement of pumps should discharge nozzles.)
f402G
-al-
be as shown below.
(See line-up
of
b. Height In case
of pump's
foundation
of pumps for
general
use
:’ ...
.:
C.
Height case.
of special
Piping
around
1) Piping For discharge ‘pay attention thermal stress vibration i
,.’
pump's
EL.300
as a standard
foundation
should
be
defined
for
each
pump
around
pump should
be
shown below.
as
piping, Suction line to have large dia. short length. {If small dia. long length, cavitation can occur.)
an
Not to use chain valve, in general. Valve to be at 1.8m or less from operating floor. (If higher than 1.8, Operation stage is needed.) PG to be seen fran the place of vlave Operation
w ,
Provision of space for removal of 'rotor Adjustable
Spare for removal of rotor. No spare required depending on pump model
support
This foundation, if uneven settlement is likely, to be onebody with pump's foundation as far as possible
v
2) Suction piping can be removed
should without
be designed
shifting
\ Provision of space removal of strainer
in such a way that of pump proper.
for
impeller
Provision of space for removal of impeller. No space required depending on
34026
-82-
(2)
Fundamental
arrangement of pump's suction
and discharge
pipings
a. End-top type 1). Arrangement with discharge valves in vertical when discharge pipe size is 2-6B).
'general, use T-type strainer,. .Temporarily, also cone type strainer.
run (in general,
in
:
Y-type
strainer
At pump's main line, height of valve handle should b@ 1800 mm If it is higher than 1880 am, operation stage should or less. be provided. 2) Arrangement with discharge valves in horizontal run (in general, when discharge pipe size is 8B or larger). Increase this length when thermal stress is severe.
Increase this length when thermal stress is
. . .._.
severe. e
P
Use T-type strainer, in general.
3402G
-%4-
T-type strainer
d.
Considerations
required
for
suction
1) When suction line is long, the pump should be provided.
2)
Good used when pipe
Reducer, top-flat
dia.
piping
c_L\qqd
rising
slope
of l/50
Air
can stay
here.
Not good changes, should
~~uicel) - l/200
toward
be installed
in
posture.
Air
can stay
tit
here.
Air
can stay
good
Not
here.
good
good 3)
Large-sized horizontal Air
gate stem
can stay
Not good
34026
-87-
‘I
valve
should
preferably
be installed
in
its
posture.
here.
Large-sized Dia. (12B 1501: as a standard). Provide support so that no bending moment is effected to the valve body.
FJood
4) Relative position is vertical.
with regard to suction
(a) Approaching velocity Vm,, 50.3 m/s . fb) Pit width should be B2 &2D k) Distance
3402G -813-
between pumps should be B3 &2D
pit when suction
pipe
Nominal
dia.
and various (for vertical
- --___
I
1 I I
17nf-l 1150 1020 92 - I,1[
600 550 500
200
I
L-3" 300 350
1 JIurrr*Lu 420 -470 I 650 I1 720 n3n
1
--700 600 500 BOO 900 1000
/ I
10 1
200 220 250 300 350 350 400
I 320-370
AnI7 Ae;ll --..
I
4
*.a””
1 I
1Arif-l - _.v"
(1100)
1 I!
1650
1
1700
1
vocel
I
1 I
Item Bellomouth dia Pit floor clearance Immersion depth Back wall clearance Pit width Distance between pumps
(Note)
-89-
500 550 600 700 800 850 900
i ! I !
1300 1200 1000
;I I I ! I I
750 700 800 900 1000
suction
_- _.._.__ 300 350 400 500 550 600 650
i 1 ! i I I i
Ii : 1 1 i !
1600 1500 1800 2100 2300 2400 1100 i --~. 1200 2600 1300 i 2800 j 1950 1400 3000 2100 1 I on the pit floor is anticipated, be added to the dimension of pit
I ;
Ratio
to nominal
1.43 - 1.33d 1.5 - l.Od 21.5d sl.5d __.-I II z3d z3d I Where two figures are shown for the ratio, to small dia. and the rigth to large dia.'
When inclined
D C s Bl B2 B3
. _ -----I
i
1800 1 2000 1 .220 0 I 1 2400 I I 2600 1 2800 .. . - - 1 mm aeposltlon of sludge to cope with this should clearance.
1200 1350 1500 1650 1 1800 2000 .\--L_. --a i !
3402G
standard dimensions shaft pump)
bellmouth
is
provided.
dia.
i allowal floor
d
I f I f i
the
left
I corresponds
ace
When suction
pipe is horizontal. -v
c SZZ3d b
I, (1
I4 \
C2 ll.Sd
D-1.43-1.33d
(3) Suction
strainer
t
for pump
Because there are two kinds of strainers - one necessary in view of process (permanent) and one necessary when the plant is not under normal operation (temporary) - the kind of strainer should be ascertained by reply from Process Engineer. a. Permanent :. 1) !&eof-.such strainer is shown on P&I dia. '- .. ; .. 2) When' size is 3B or smaller, Y-type should be used, and when 4B or larger, T-type. b. Temporary When size is IB or smaller, 6B or larger, T-type. P&I
-
‘Type
desianation .
-b
P
TR
34026 -9O-
conical
‘-
.
type should be used, and when Example of use
(4) Method
In case
of
attaching
of one pump
pressure
In case
gauge
of two pumps
a. The above-shown arrangement uniform view-direction.
in order
should
gauges
position s1.1/2B
Check valves 3/4B flange
of
discharge
be located valve
of 4B or larger nozzle connection.
within
operation 2B--3B
size
should
the
right
range
and also
be
specified
side
of
pumps
to have
If pressure gauge contacts with any above-located piping, direction of PG take-out boss should be turned 45O toward valve operation side {so that the pressure gauge is still visible). Pressure
the
three
c.
be
at
of
In general, pressure gauges should viewing front face of the pump.
the
-91-
be adopted
case
b.
d.
3402G
should
In
when the the .'
vision
from
from switch hIoIL
to have
.,:
(5) Cooling
water
and drain
Use flange connection, although vendor's standard is usually screwed connection
pipings
for
pump When to be recovered
/
Pump-bed drain (Material by Piping Dep’t)
Casing
drain
Drip
funnel
I When to be discharged to outside - Base drain should be led to oily dictated by the kind of fluid. - Casing liquid
34026
-92-
drain drain
sewer
or chemical
sewer,
should be led to oily sewer, chemical line (as indicated in P&I dia.).
sewer
as
or
(6)
Examples
a-
piping
for
of piping
around
pump
BEW
(for
referance)
pump
Bmass line Minimum flow
I
It
Suction
III
Ylkintenance
bmass
Line
Maintenance area (Vehicles Permitted to enter.1
area
(Vehicles Permitted to enter.)
rl-
.
h
Discharge (Vibration occur. 1 \ /I\
at
--
line can occu r .I
- Eiinimu m flow bp uypa(Pav attention to vibration, 1, especially.)
trt! gic
easily Maintenance
accessib . t
area
cl-’
b.
Piping
fo r turbine-driven
Turbin
BEW pump
(for
reference)
H
:
i
Steam exhaus t Pipe
Oil rkf When 8OOmm or more, provide 'stage
34026
-94-
piping
c. Oil piping
Drip
BFWpump (for reference)
for
.J$pQy
funnel
'
(Notes) 1. FQ~ high pressure pump, oil cooling unit as shown above is provided. i. When the pump is turbine-driven, gland condenser is provided in addition. 3. In such-cases as this, although many small dia. pipings are attached, maintenance or operation work ehould not be inconvenienced by these pipings. Consideration is required in this respect. 4. Oil piping belongs to the scope of vendor's supply as a unit piping. Because, in most cases , the vendor's piping drawing is made without consideration for actual condition of gurroundings, check the vendor’s drawing and ask revision, if necessary, in order to allow convenient operation and maintenance.
:
8.3.2 a.
Piping
around turbine
Piping
around steam
turbine
for
driving
pump (for reference)
Exhaust pipe /
k f%ee to five drain pipes \ (3/4B or the like) come from turbine. w
large quantity
(During -
warming
UP,
0:.
steam' is
exhausted.) \
c ~'U~yqTiJ \
I
PUMP
\)
L
1 ,fl';-.xr+taln
‘2G
-95-
Spring./-support
Trap
valve
Safety Valve (should be p 11 .aced away from turb in e as far as WSd.ble.)
b.
Procedure
of
designing
1) Ascertain 2) Plan
the
the
piping
possible
piping
around
turbine
displacement
route
of
If the counterforce carry out design
for
6) Plan
and cooling
drain
steam
material
8) Make piping
effected to turbine, (for both of cold and
and moment are within the allowable springs and place order of them.
5) Make information foundat ion.
7) Piping
design
of
support
water
structure
limit,
and
pipings.
take-off.
drawing
9) Make support 8.3.3
of
nozzle.
and supports.
3) Determine the counterforce and moment through calculation of thermal stress hot). 4)
turbine’s
and material
take-off.
drawing.
Piping around .compressor :: .Design standard for piping around compressor is as shown in iiere, matters not coverd in TEM-3069 will be explained. TEM-3069. (1)
Considerations
required
for
piping
design
a.
On the suction line, position of pressure downstream side of suction strainer.
b.
On the suction side of suction
c.
If drain fail.
d.
Piping above the compressor floor should preferably be once brought to under the floor, so that operation and maintenance flange connection should be works are facilitated. In this case, provided in the piping, ao that compressor casing can be removed easily.
e.
In the space under the compressor floor, the process piping, oil piping, trace piping etc. are to be placed, tending to become congested. It is recommended to design routing of the whole piping by allocating.different elevations to different kind of piping respectively.
f.
It should be avoided to have oil or other high temperature line. occur. )
g.
Vent
pocket
line, position strainer.
of
can be produced,
therasowell
provide
line /If
instrument
should
drain
should
be at
valves,
upstream
without
in parallel above any steam there is, fire accident can
line of oil system should be free from pocket, and should have configuration such that gas cannot be vented due to piping weight or thermal expansion. When this is feared, the support span should be shortened or, if it is convenient, the line should be provided with slope.
not
h.
3402G
-96-
be at
It should compressor
be avoided room.
to have
exhaust
from
trap
etc.
in
the
i.
8.4
(2)
Considerations
a.
Floor of compressor room and maintenance platform compressor should be separated, or rubber cushion employed, so that any vibration of the compressor transferred to the floor.
b.
Maintenance platform should removable. When penetrated into two or three parts.
c.
In order that maintenance work on large valves located below the floor can be done by use of overhead crane of the compressor room, provision of hole with removable cover in the floor should be made.
Piping
around
8.4.1
Considerations
for
making
civil
information around the etc. should be will not be
be of such construction that it is by piping etc., it should be split
furnace required
in general
It should be avoided to have any obstructing piping neighborhoods of walkway and peep holes, which are operating the furnace.
(2)
Enough
(3)
Piping around the furnace should be planned for its relation with heater tubes.
a.
Relation
between
outlet/inlet
b.
Relation removed.
between (Space
heater tubes and the piping when for removal should be provided.)
c.
Influences effected other's fixing.
d.
Method of connection Transfer
(1)
-97-
required
(1)
8.4.2
34026
Selection of material and study of strength for the strainer should be done so that it has sufficient durability for 100% load. Furthermore, the strainer composed of perforated plate and wire mesh screen should be installed in such manner that the perforated plate comes to downstream side in view of gas flow. The wire mesh screen should be of 8 - 10 mesh as a standard.
space
should
be provided
between
connection between or welding.
for
port
heater heater
removal
of
heater
tubes tubes
of
in the used when
burners.
under
consideratin
tube
and the
and the piping. the
former
piping,
and piping
--
is
by each flange
line
Outlet piping of heater is, in most cases, made of alloyed steel because of its high temperature, this requiring that the length be short as far as possible. Consideration is required for flexibility of the piping and also for proper supporting of it.
(2) Arrangement
of
transfer
line
(for
reference)
Determine considering
spring hanger ranges furnace elengation.
Spring hanger Transfer line
8.4.3
Fuel (1) Fuel a.
piping gas piping
Branching the feed
of fuel gas feed piping so that uniform header,
b. Example of header arragnement type heater (for reference).
should be made at the top of distribution can be obtained.
in
ad&
fuel
gas piping
for
iso-flow
drain
fixed to Header is installed at outside of heater , on brackets valves to be operated at the heater's legs. In this arrangement, the time of ignition are not in the range of operator's vision. But, good flow condition can be obtained and construction is inexpensive. Because the valves operated at the time of ignition not used for the purpose of control, but are are, in general, used in either full open or full shut condition, it is not so much of problem, even though they are not within the operator's vision.
34026
-98-
Control
valve
drain
Gas manifold
.
A header box, which is used as drain pot at the same time, is installed at underneath heater , and each piping from there is connected with burner. In this arrangement, because the header box is at the center area, enough space is left in around the heater. This is advantageous because of its ease of operation. On the other hand, however, in this arrangement, operator must stay for a long duration of time beneath the heater at the time of ignition or shut-down.
Gas heater pitch to drain Control
valve
der
drain
A header is installed around the heater at a height just above peepholes and each branch piping goes down vertically in the vicinity of the peephole, to be connected with burner. This arrangement is especially advantageous, because these valves can be operated well within the reach of operator's vision. However, this arrangement is expensive in view of construction material and work required. * Header drain should in order to prevent
34026
-99-
(2)
Fuel
oil
a.
Heavy fuel oil supply into a closed system, constantly.
not fire
be opened hazard.
in
the
vicinity
of
the
heater,
piping piping coming if necessary,
from the tank should be made so that excess oil circulates
b.
Example
of
fuel
oil
piping
Atomizing
around
burner
(for
reference).
steam
Fuel Peep ho le
Regulation valves for fuel oil and atomizing installed at places where operator can oprate valves while looking at peephole. (3)
Installation
of block
valves
and regulation
steam should be each of these valves
a. Block valves on the main fuel oil and fuel gas piping leading the furnace should be located at a place 15 m away from the furnace so that rapid operation can be done in an emergency. (except where EmV is provided) b. Regulatioh valves for piping leading to the below.
fuel oil, fuel furnace should
gas and atomizing steam be installed at places shown
- In case of wall burner type furnace, where peephole is conveniently seen. - In case of floor burner type furnace,
8.4.4
Snuffing
steam
in
(2) Arrangement at a place
of valves away from
(3) Example
snuffing
1
should be such the furnace. steam
vicinity
of burner, of
burner.
for combustion chamber space of furnace arch.
that
these
can be operated
piping.
1 II7 Snuffinq 11 -I
line
!/ BottomJ snuffing
-lOO-
the
vicinity
piping
.I .I
3402G
the
in
(1) Snuffing steam piping should be provided of furnace, for header box and for upper
of
to
\
Steam trap
8.5
include
Rack piping 8.5.1
General
the
In general, followings. a. Lines apart
lines
c.
Incoming
d.
Blow-down
3426G
-lOl-
of
lines
raw material (Flare
of
side
by side
equipment
on the
located
g. Lines
for
h. Lines water
for boiler and cooling
i.
Lines
for
j.
Walkways,
k.
In general, possible.
if
rack
6 meters unit
or more
plants
feeds. Cable duct
ducts.
plant
air
and instrument
feed water, city water, water other than those oil
pipe
Instrument duct
lines.
N2 gas,
fuel
or other
lines).
ducts/Cable
Steam or codensate
Height
run
going out to storage tanks or other heat exchangers, pumps etc..
lines
e. Instrument
8.5.2
are
connecting two pieces from each other.
b. Product lines from vessels,
f.
which
and gases,
One meter air.apart* process water, underground.
or more
pure
and others.
required. tank-yard
of pipe
piping
should
be run on sleepers,
whenever
rack
(1)
When heat exchangers are installed underneath the below, the height of the rack should be determined heighest portion of exchangers and their connected
(2)
When double-rack is used, the distance racks should be 2000 mm, as a standard.
(3)
In general, racks and plant-north-south heights determined
in
between
the
rack as shown based on the piping.
tops
of
the
each unit, which are run in plant-east-west directions should have their respective with a combination of 4n/6d8m and 5m/7m/9m.
8.5.3
Location
of pipes
Location
of
pipes
should
be as follows:
(1)
Large-sized pipes (14B and larger) the sides of the rack as possible the rack beams.
(2)
In
(3)
case located sides.
of single-rack, in the middle
of
should be located to reduce bendi$ng
utility piping should the rack and process
utility piping In case of double-rack, located on the upper rack and process But, large-sized pipes may be located of space.
a. Example
of
location
Large sized ,dia.
generally be piping on both
should generally be piping on the lower rack. on the upper rack in view
on single-rack
Process Utilities I I
I
Process
Large SiFd . I
c x/dc
----I
Instrument
,b.
Example
Instrument
of
location
34266
-
on double-rack
d
Lower
rack---
as close to moments of
m-generally
for
u&it
generally
for
proces
piping
c: i. Ping
-?(4)
Further details table below.
of
the
pipe's
location
should
Upper
be as shown
rack
in
Lower
the
rack
Piping Side Blow-down
(Flare)
lines
Incoming
feed
lines
12B and larger
Incoming
feed
lines
10B and smaller
product
lines
128 and larger
Outgoing
procuct
lines
10B and smaller
of tower and drum, to high position
0
1
l
i
I
l
Side
0
I
1
1 ,
0
I
I
I
I 0
:01 :I
and lines
Middle I
1 0
Outgoing
Overheads connected
Middle
0
I
!
jo , I ,
0
Overheads of tower and drum connected to pump or heat exchanger Delivery Lines
lines
of
subject
Lines
subject
Steam
lines
Boiler
for
(water,
oil
-
E
34266
I
!1
0
lo
i" 0
!
I 1
!
10;
1
0
I
; ;
I I
lines
N2 etc.)
of
pump cooling
water
and gas lines air
lines
i
0
I
i
0
i
I I1
to
j
!O i I I
IO
ducts
I
When loop
-103-
o
lines
Instrument
l
0
I
water
Instrument
u u a”
or low pressure
f I
o
I
hose-station
Plant-air
Fuel
and
to vibration
air,
Headers
equipment
lines
feed
Lines
between grade
of high
Condensate
1
to corrosion
Lines connencting equipment on the
i
ispecial A i I i i I i i t
pump
is required
on the
(5)
Lines containing corrosive or cable ducts. instrument,
(6)
Delivery valves, located vibration
line fluids
should
not
lines of reciprocating compressors, large-sized return water lines etc., should be given special on the rack, prevention.
be located
above
pressure reducing if inevitably consideration for
(7) The location on matching consultation (8)
A stage requiring
(9)
In general, except that be capped. flushing.
(10)
of pipes and the position and type of anchor lines at B.L, should be clearly defined by with parties concerned.
should be provided frequent operation
for
the valve located and maintenance.
rack
the ends of utility headers should be blind-flanged, large-sized pipes (14B or larger, as a guide) should But, use of dead ends should be minimum, considering
When a loop is provided in condensate line it should be bent horizontally to prevent waterhammer. If it is impracticable bend horizontally, bend it as shown in the drawings below. (Example
1)
(Example
2)
8.:
(11)
on the
points
Loops other than for condensate lines for good appearance as shown below.
to
Slope is max.30" for each .
should
be grouped
together
Lines should be laid on the rack in a sequence so that larger sized pipe or pipe having larger expansion and contraction comes closer to the side of the rack. (12)
34266
-104-
Piping should
which is long have horizontal
in length, loops.
such
as yard
piping
or pipe
line,
(13)
Dimensions
of
down-pipes insulation Be careful not to attach a shoe close to the weld line.
(In
general)
-Pot insulation a.
In general, the location of down-pipes is indicated by the dimension of beam-center-to-pipe-center. But, the dimension be beam-center-to-pipe-surface, if required to facilitate supporting the pipes. I
b.
In general, the beam-center-to-pipe-center dimension is 500 mm, except for large-sized pipes in which the distance between outside surface of the insulation and the beam flange could be less than 100 mm or the weld line would come on the rack beam.
8.5.4 shoe,
Elevation
cradle,
of
pipes
Elevation of saddle etc..
pipes
Pipes
Insulation Th'k (mm)
Cold-insulated pipe
25- 50 55-100 105-150 155-200
50 100 150 200
(1)
pipe
lines lines
in view
of pipe
strength.
Attention
should
be given
to the
following.
Vacuum of
such
Piping (2)
100
Critical
around
Thermal
a. Piping
shock around
b. Condensate
line
line
as:
surface
condencer.
in
lines
such
steam
considering
Height of shoe, cradlt;nmgaddle 100 150 200 250
Critical
-105-
be determined
25- 75 80-'125 130-175 180-225
8.6.1
34266
should
Hot-insulated pipe
Bare
8.6
may
as:
desuperheater
the
height
of
Remarks Do not use shoe etc., for pipes with personnel protection insulation.
Only for special design such as lines exceeding allowable span in Pipe List, or lines requiring vibration prevention.
(3) Vibration
due to shock
waves
in such
The line downstream of pressure flow bypass line of compressor. (4) Erosion
of such lines
Decoking
reducing
erosion
Two-phase
flow
of
such
line
-106-
the
minimum
orifice pump.
in
the minimum
flow
as: Engineer.
or earthquake
from TLX of heaters
lines
in view
in such to the
lines
as:
header.
Others Critical
should
of process
be given
to the
following.
(1)
Pump NPSH
(2)
Thermosiphon
(3)
Lines
(4)
Gravity
(5)
Lines
which
(6)
Lines
subject
(7)
Lines
for
(8)
Lines
requiring
(9)
Lines subject to special design conditions in the pressure or temperature , or repetition
(10)
in
as:
lines
Attention
34266
line
by Process
due to wind
Effluent
8.6.2
in such
indicated
(7) Vibration
(8)
valve
as:
The line downstream of restriction bypass line of boiler feed water
Line
as:
lines
(5) Cavitation
(6)
line
of reboiler
requiring
water
flow
Lines for selection
or AL-heat head.
or sloped
lines
are critical
urea
to clogging etc.
exchanger.
which
in view
of
pressure
with
powder
will
solidify.
drop.
or slurry
etc.
witerizing. such as quick change of such changes.
for which the piping material caustic soda wr the like, is strictly dependent on its operating temperature.
(11)
Lines
in which
a. Examples 1) Branch
2) Heat
of
no uneven
such
lines
exchanger
flow
is allowed.
valves.
(Fuel
lines. without
piping
without
feed
valves.
Flow
is
ow is
3) Piping
around
three
heat
exchangers
* For three or more heat exchangers is impracticable, consult Process
3426G
-107-
line)
not
regulated
regulated
without
for which Engineer.
with
with
valves
valves.
symmetrical
piping
4) Piping
around
reboiler
5) Turbine suction line (Main steam line ---
usually
by vendor)
Turbine
Main
3426~
-108-
stop
valve
b. Branch
Type
lines
in which
uneven
flow
is prevented.
Type
‘A’
'B'
.More than 20 times or mere of pipe inside dia.
Type
3
Large-sized
'D'
I
(t
\
‘E’
Critical (1)
Type
I 3 Type
8.6.3
'C'
Type
lines
in view
‘F’
of cost.
piping
(2) Piping which is high in cost, such as for high temperature and pressure service, SUS pipes and pipes of special specification. Cost comparison of higher cost
34266
-109-
should be made for should have priority
these pipings and the in piping arrangement.
piping
8.7
Piping
around
8.7.1
General
safety
valve
Safety valves act automatically so as to prevent a predetermined thus internal pressure is maintained and pressure pressure being exceeded, vessel is protected. Safety valves are classified depending on fluids to which they are applied. (1)
Safety For
(2)
(3)
8.7.2 (1)
valve
gases
and vapors
Relief
valve
Mainly
for
including
air
liquids.
Safety-relief
valve
For both gases, In the following, above mentioned
vapors and liquids. the term 'safety valves.
Inlet
safety
piping
and steam.
of
valve'
is used
Safety
I 34266
-llO-
of
the
should be installed in the piping close safety valves connected to the flare close to the rack as shown below.
to
Application safety valve Boiler General services
all
valve
safety valves In general, to the top of tower, but system should be installed
of
for
rack
valve
Pressure drops between equipment and safety valve 0.6 kg/c& or less 3 % or less of safety valve set-pressure
1
.
(2) The size of larger than
inlet line to safety valve should be equal to of the size of inlet flange of the safety vlave.
For long inlet pressure drops. If the pressure shown below.
(3)
Safety valves maintenance.
a. Ample body.
space
lines, drop
should should
consult
Process
is larger
than
be installed be provided
the
allowable
so that
they
for
b. Space should be provided to allow spring-adjusting-cap or operation
Engineer
dismantling
34266
-ill-
limit,
are of
try
accessible safety
as
for
valve
for
adjusting
bolts
c. When difficult to have access, used. But the platform is not pipe rack, which are accessible. (4)
for
dismantling of of the handle.
I+- Clearance
Lock
to check
ladder or platform should be required for places such as on the
Safety valves should not be installed turbulent flow or vortex is expected.
at
a place
where
a
(5)
valves should not have Inlet lines to safety off them, except when the branch line is for
(6)
Inlet lines the header effects of
to safety valves should be taken off the as colse to the anchor point as possible, vibration or thermal, movement is small.
Support
(6)
taken
portion where
Of
point
To be tinimum (7) When installing the connected
branch line bypassing.
length
safety valve, supports for piping should be considered.
Welded pipe-to-pipe connections between valves and main lines should be provided after determining the pad, if required, discharge.
the valve
body
and for
inlet lines of safety with a reinforcement reaction force of
(9) TEM-3058 should be referred to for checking the inlet piping reaction stresses at the header nozzle portion and the safety valve portion.
3426G
-112-
for
8.7.3
Discharge
line
of
safety
valve
(1) General a. The size or larger b.
Elbows
of discharge lines of safety valves should than that of the valve outlet flanges. to be used
(2) Discharging
into
in the
the
discharge
line
should
be
be
of
equal
long
to
radius.
atmosphere
a. Safety valves, which discharge poisonous fluids (including N2) or flammable gases to the atmosphere through vent piping, should have the pipe extended at least 3 meters above any platform or roof within a 12 meter radius of the point of discharge. Safety valves, which discharge steam to the atmosphere, should have the pipe extended at least 3 meters above any platform within a 7.5 meter radius of the point of discharge. 12oC0, 7500
,
Top of platform
b.
Relief valves, which discharge poisonous liquids directly atmosphere, should have discharge piping provided with a protective device in order not to drop the liquids directly the ground.
c. Cut angle
of discharge
pipe
In general,
this
type
should
be used.
To be used only when the direction of Because the discharge is limited. direction of reaction force changes, the nozzle and support to be carefully Not to be used checked for strength. high pressure of 100 kg/cm2 or higher, in general.
3426G
-1l3-
for
to the on
two or more discharge lines of safety d. In general, not be joined to the header close to each other. But, if required, they may be joined as shown in
valves the
should
drawing
below.
Cross-sectional area of the header should nat be less than the sun-of cross-sectional area of the pipes to be joined.
(3) a.
Plare
system
all In general, to have pockets,
piping in flare system and should be drained
should be routed into the headers.
so as not
WF(Wet flare) DF (Dry flare)
b.
If pockets, which contain discharge line connected traced. (Consult Process
moisture, to WE', the Engineer)
exist in the safety valve pockets should be steam
Vert.
c.
34266
-114-
Discharge lines of safety valves should be connected header at the point as close to its anchor points as If this is impracticable, the discharge lines should sufficient flexibility to absorb the movement of the
to the possible. have header.
d.
Discharge lines should be connected to the header as follows: Liquid or drain lines are on the top of the header. The angles of intersection are 45O for 2B and larger and 90' for l.l/2B and smaller. All branched connections on the top or side of the header should have provision for flexibility.
1.1/2B-and
PLan 8.1.4
Examples (1)
of
piping
around
safety
smaller
valve
Steam piping Discharge I Support (To be supportedseparateiy from the valve body)
Safety
l
pipe 3m or more above workng area
valve
w el bow (Only
1 20K steam.
T' Y
Notes:
3426G
-115-
1. The pan should be separated from the discharge pipe. 2. Material of the pan should be equal to that of safety valve outlet pipe. 3. When the piping between safety valve and pipe support such type as shown below may has sufficient flexibity, be used instead of the above type.
I
Table
A
of dimensions
B (PIPE)
h/m)
I
C(PIPE)
D
48
10B
200
38
48
1OB
220
48
6B
12B
250
540 1
350 1 210
5B
88
148
300
580
400
250
6B
88
148
350
610
400
280
420
. 690
500
360
I 500 I 580
640
560
440
2.1/2B
188
1 10B
460 4
I~1OB I 128
I 12B
520 q5 610 8
' 1 14B
Method
of
720
1
650 1 520
supporting
.er
than
To be slidable
(2)
Piping
for
other
than
steam
Do not cut (perpendicular
out
of
po=g,“i,o ‘h discharging
3m or more above working area
rll
4'
' I0
Reaction force of discharging Check far
'. (Internal pressure with temperature
nozzle
nttenath\
II)
($)..;
34266
-116-
L<4D
1
increases increase)
To be slidable
To be piped to the grade, in case of poisonous gases or liquids. (TO be piped to flare system, in case of flammable substances.) Only a hole, in case of innoxious substances.
8.8
Pipi*
wound
8.8.1
General (1)
instruahAB
Instrument
symbols
Instrument symbols should symbols in JIS 2 8204. (2)
Operability
of
be mainly
in
accordance
instrument
nozzle
Instruments
Sizes
Block Valves
FG
3/4B
Glove
3/4B
I Glove
PI,
Size
of
PIG
I
3/4B
PdI
1.428
TW, TG, TI InTC
I l.l/ZB
I1
3/4B
LG
LI,
LIC
Remarks Piping,
(1)
34266
-ii7-
I
Gate
Places
Gate
Dirty
-
I Piping,
and H.X
Displacement type external cylinder
with
4B
-
Displacement type internal cylinder
with
I
general O°C or lower
DP cell
Gate
I
type
-
Float
type
-
Float
type
3/4B
I Gate
I Other
3/4B
I Gate
For
to be 3/4B valve
vessel
Gate
instrument
Block
places
2B
Pressure
b.
of dirt
Fluids
instrument
Size
free
Gate
Pressure
a.
and .B.X
Ditto
I
Analyzer
8.8.2
vessel
Cracking / line
S.sC
required.
2B
1.u2X2B
guide
permit
In
1.42B
LI
which
Gate
3/4B LI
the
basic
instrument
Instruments should be installed in places operation and maintenance. Platform or ladder should be provided, if (3)
with
for (Except
to be glove
general for valve
heater lines
all
lines
use
diaphragm
type)
effluent
ease
of
c. Installation
criteria
Connections should be taken off of vertical pipes. For vessels, connections should unless otherwise specified.
the
top
of
be located
siphon
Lines
generally
used
Steam
pipes,
except
on the
gas side,
in
case
tube
line
(2) PdI a.
Sise 3/4B l.l/2B
b.
Block Gate
c.
Services Services
free with
of dirt dirt
valve valve
Installation
criteria
The operation
of block valves at vessels may be made from ladder. Platform is required for transmitters because, in general, they are located adjacent to the block valve , in services on liquids or mist. However, the information, whether or not the platform is required, should be obtained from Instrument Engineer. permanent
ndzzleo for WI In general, 'should b+ located On vesse&s, but,'. &en they.-are 'taken off
:-. .:. ::
the :'.
l- I -%I 3426G
-118-
Conform
of nozzle should to ENG'G DWG.
8.8.3
Temperature type
instrument
and size Lines
Lines
Types
generally used below 100 kg/c&
High pressure 100 kg/&G Note:
l.l/2B
Flanged
connection
! Bosswelded
steam lines and abave
For TW(lhermaneter also be used.
and sizes
type
etc.),
1.1/28
type flange
type
should
te :mper ,ature .t
Fl=qd
(2)
Length Insertion Length
Note:
34266
-11%
Boss-welded
tyl?=
of thermowell length
and insertion
a/d ) 10 (Refer
type
length to above
shcam flanged
type)
of thermowe
H varies depending on the insulation, and the length accadingly.
thicknesses of hot or cold of thermowell varies
(3)
Criteria Nozzles directed
of
installation
should aginst
on pipe
be located the fluid
onthe flow.
6~ and larger
Reducer is not required for 3B and larger.
-120-
so that
the
thermowell
is
3/4B-44B t a
34266
pipe
-
1 -- ---q+p.
\
L
I CON
J
. . . . Vertical
line
(4)
Location
of
temperature
instrhment
The bottom end of thermowell should not come to the higher than the terminal portion, wherever possible.
position
Thermowell should preferably be located vertical line rather than the horizontal and should be accessible for maintenance.
on the line,
Do not locate the thermowell Scale or the like is here'. liable to deposit in the gap between nozzle and thermowell.
DO not locate except where
(Vertical
the therru3well inevitable.
here,
section)
Clearance
for 1200 -1300
I 3 /I”‘/“’
/////‘///f’
”
1 / /
.. .
TemperatiAinstrument
at a junct.i&~'of
.:
:
::
two flows
rU
(Example)
TIC
To be indicated respectively.
in
P&I
4IY!iIY! 5m or more from flow junction,
I 120°c
_
P 180’~
34266
-321-
point
of
._ .,:
Flow
8.8.4 (1)
a.
instrument :
Orifice Installation
practice
of
orifice
orifices should be installed In general, located 600 mm or more above the grade of inspection. Orifices may be installed in vertical dry gas or liquid if it is guaranteed completely filled with the liquid. the approval of Instrument Engineer.
in horizontal or platform to
taps
type I
2)
Throat
taps
Upstream
3) Corner
-122-
(16B and larger)
.eam
10
34266
(2B-14B)
I
type
taps
type
ease
pipes, if the fluid is that the pipe is this is subject to However,
b. Type of orifice 1) Flange
Pipes allow
tap
4) Flow
nozzle
The length of straight pipe same as that for orifices.
for
flow
nozzles
should
be
the
Application glow
feed
nozzles should be used water lines etc..
for
high
pressure
steam
lines,
boiler
n
L----r 1.1 4 t 2, -,----L--e-
II b
aJ 0
L -
By Instrument Engineer Dimension
5)
-LOSS
(For
reference)
tube
the required length tubes. Spool pipe for removing requied.
For
of straight the
tube
pipe, for
refer
maintenance
to venturi is
not : .,:., : 1. ._ .'
Application LO-LOSS tubes
34266
-123-
should
be
used where I
pressure
drop
is critical.
c.
Required
length
of
straight
pipe
for
orifice
The length should be determined depending on the configurations of piping and the diameter ratio given in JIS 2 8762. (Diameter ratio of 0.7 should be used as a standard, but, Confirm it by asking assigned engineer.) Minimum various
required fitting
length installed
of
straight pipe between orifice and upstream or down stream of orifice. _. _ --
:: ._I.
and others Diameter Thermwell
0.03D
or
ratio 0.5 or larger whose diameter is smaller whose diameter is
Notes:
3426G
-124-
1. When the'straight length is larger than that shown the expected additional error outside of parenthesis, is zero. 2. When the straight length is larger than that in parenthesis and less than that outside of parenthesis, the expected error in flow measurement is equal to the expected error for the len-gth shown outside of parenthesis plus 0.5%. The addition should be made as follows: )x100+0.5)% A( (m3/
.,
6. Dioection
of BC:ifice taps
1) Orifice taps should preferably be located on the horizontal centerline in horizontal pipe runs. (To be applied for all services)
2) For dry or wet gases, and where there are space limitations.
3) For dry gases and liquids , and where there are space limitaions.
sufficient side 4) When the condense pot etc. is installed, clearance should be provided between the pot and neighboring piping. Be careful,
Steam
34266
-12%
‘-..
-.L" l,
\\\7.
Gases or liquids low temperatures
at
e. Location
of differential
pressure
transmitter
In general, differential pressure transmitters should be installed on the horizontal plane which includes the pipe line, and located adjacent to the orifice. 1) For wet
center
gases
To be installed on the structure or platform.
Upward
2) For
slope
dry
gases
To be installed
or
liquids on the
grade
or platform,
Down slope 3) For
steam
To be installed
*
34266
-126-
::. : :_
on thetgrade
or platform,
Location of differential pressure transmitters should be determined by Instrument Engineer. When operation stage is required, Piping Engineer should be informed of it by Instrument Engineer.
(2) Turbine Laminator straight
meter should be used, when the length of 100 is not obtainable.
(ECC or CON)
CON-reducer should ix used to prevent deflection of flow.
(3)
Magnetic
flow
(Turbihe
meter
In general, magnetic flow meters But, they may be installed lines. that the line is completely filled
(4)
Variable
area
meter)
flow
meter
should be installed in vertical in horizontal lines, provided with the liquids.
...
Variable area flow meters should be installed in vertical lines. The installation error should be within 2 8 as against the vertical line. The indicator should be located at 1,500 mm or less above the grade or platform.
34266
-127-
a. Plow
meter
(Local
indicaton
type) Type
Type.
2
Indicator
ffI7I-r 1 Indi
b.
Flow
meter
(With
c.
Flow
meter
(Tapered
Install
34266
-128-
it
local
so as not
indicatipn
glass
and
ator
transmitter)
type)
to be affected
by stresses
of piping.
..
(5) Positive
displacement
Install
flow
it so as to permit should be considered
support
meter ease of reading. by referring
to the weight. ,
Indicator
.f!!F .
l
.
.
.I
l
I
8.8.5
Restriction
orifice
pipe (1) The straight diameter ratio. (2)
Socket
TObe
c.
-129-
should
be determined
according
Butt
type
weld
type
used mainly
weld
for
high
pressure
lines
3/4B-l.l/2B.
for
high
pressure
lines
2B and larger.
type
To be used mainly
34266
length
Type
a. Plate
b,
(OR) to
the
8.6.6
Liquid
level
(1) Installation a. Liquid of
instrument criteria
level
normal
b. Location
instruments liquid level
(Including
L/A)
(In general) should be located is approximately at
so that the indication midscale.
of nozzles
1
Feed Permissidle of installation
range
\
Permissible of installation
range
A baffle plate should be provided , if the liquid level is installed outside the permissible range because of construction work or other reasons. (2) Displacement a. Side-side
type (Outside cylinder
instrument tower,
tank
-. _..--
type)
type Space should for the turning.
lever's
be provided 1800
;; $3 II Vindicator A
Space should be provided for opening the cover. I
34266
-l30-
; :
b. Side-bottom
(3)
Displacement In general, Stage should instrument.
type
type
(Inside
cylinder
type)
this type should be installed on the top of vessels. be considered for reading and maintenance of the ,
for
removal
‘I. . ~ Guide
34266
-131P
pipe
/
Ample space for opening
should be provided the cover.
(4) Differential
pressure
type
Differential
pressure
transmitter
a.
3/4B
liquid
level
(bp/CELL
b. Diaptiragm
(5)
Float
type
Type)
gate This
Provide a stage (To be informed
instrument
for working. by Instrument
pipe
tobe
horizontal.
Engineer.)
type
liquid
level
instrument
. :
1.
:
Wire
34266
-132-
hook
::
.
.
(6) Outside ball The
float
instrument
tym
body
(Xn general,
should
to be used)
not
be supported
securely.
1/2B vent
1/2B
drain .
Support (7)
Inside
ball
Baffle
plate
foat
type
should ~
(In
Con&o1
valve
general,
not
be provided/when z
~s~~cted
to be used) liquid
surface
dfrectly
4-6B f
(8)
Electrode
type
level
instrument
*
0 s
+ Clearance PI I
.
34266
-133-
,fO?f
removal
waves.
(9) Gage glass
t B T
jMax.1200 I (Visible length) .
-IL
i
a. Reflex Reflex
type‘ type
3/4B 2B
b. Through-vision
(General (Liquid,
type
3/4B
use) 0°C or lower) (Caustic
soda-solution)
For low temperature services, non-frost type care should be taken not to have interference platform. 8.8.7
Control (1)
is required, and with the ladder or
valve
Installation
criteria
Control valves should be installed on the grade, floor or platform so as to facilitate the inspection and maintenance any time, andw stages should be provided, if required.
at ____
Side handle, in preference to positioner, should be oriented toward maintenance side. . Contact Instrument Engineer when the valve with bottom
l
LOB or larger 12B or larger
Controivalves actuator is 34266
-134-
in
should upright
Min.800 Min.900
For
be installed position.
for confirmation, flange is used.
reference in horizontal
lines
so that
the
(2)
Sizes
of
and block
bypass
C.V Size
Line
2B and smaller 2.1/2B
and
Bypass valves the main line valve
(3) a.
Arrangement
Line
and larger
2.1/28
and larger
for emergency sizes.
valve
Bypass Valve sizes
size 2B size
C.V body
valves
should
have
C.v
body
size
C.v
body
size
C.V body
size
the
of
valve control
piping valve.
Yin Ii
8B and larger b. Manifold (Example)
34266
-135-
when the
same size
control valves should be globe valve, for bypass valves 6B and larger.
of control manifold
control
Block valve sizes
sizes
2-l/28
valves for may be used
Standard
for
2B and smaller
larger
Bypass
valves
450 bypass
valve
:.. comes to high
position.
but
as gate
c. Manifold
laid
on a horizontal
plane.
(Example)
L Easy to remove d.
Manifold
on the
pipe
rack.
(Example) In general, not to be used
e. Manifold
in which
the
line
goes
up from
lower
level
to higher.
(Example)
f.
Insertion
of
flanges,
c
34266
-136-
when bypass valve -Insertion
fl .anges
is
joined
by welding.
Valve
8.9
Insertion
welded
Control
Steam piping (1)
valve
General
a. All the
branch lines headers.
b. Single block the header. C.
(2)
from
valve
steam
should
Criteria
for
a. Ends of b. Drain C. Every
installation
be provided
taken
in each branch,
the
off
side
of
a. Superheated
top
of
adjacently
to valve
drain
of piping should be provided with drain sewers, where requiked, or should be provided
.-...
pockets 3Od40 m length
Downstream operation
(3) Methods
-137-
should.be
of steam
headers
a. Upstream e.
headers
Lines injecting steam into process lines should have a block and a check valve, adjacently to the point of injection.
The following positions valve and pipe to the with steam trap.
34266
flanges
of
of control
long
horizontal
valves
side of control valves (To be shown in P&I)
lines
(To be shown which
will
in P&I) possibly
close
draining steam
lines
operated
at
100 kg/cm2
or higher.
during
b. Saturated
rteaa liner
1) When main sizes are 3B or larger.
2) when main sizes are 2.42B
2B-2.1/2B
or smaller.
l.l/2B
and smaller
c. Lines not req lb lng steam trap.
j/4B drain (4) Type of trap a. Exhaust-to-atmosphere
typs
A block valve and a block-valved upstream side of the trap. (Example)
-138-
..
bypass should be installed
T
(Sewer)
34266
..
(Header)
:,
on
b.
ing
Recovw
type
1) When recovering directly into the condensate header, block on the upstream and downstream sides of the trap, and a block-valved bypass should of provided. (Any check valve on the downstreamside of the trap should shown in P&I.)'
valves
be as
To condensate
2) When recovering upstream side (5) a.
only a block valve on the into the sub-header, and a block-valved bypass should be provided. I
Steam drain
line
Steam
operated
lines
Desuperheater
at
100 kg/cm2
or higher.
a To have down slope without up &d down, as far as possible.
Drain for warming pipe (Every 40m)
Vent
3426G
-139-
stack
Turbine
b.
0th~
steam
lines
Desugerheater
When not adversely affecting surroundings
Vent
When vapor-clouded. (Refer to (6)a. for
stack
installation
of
vent stack.
(6) Vent stack a. Installation The vent stack
criteria is required
for the following.
1) Drains of steam operated at 100 kg/d 2)
or
higher.
Around turbine Turbine leak steam Line trap
3)
4)
34266
-140-
Drains, when exhausted in the room. (But, not required, when the drain line
is extended to outdoor.)
Other portions conditions.
due to surrounding
requiring
the vent stack
b. VS.9
(Vent
stack
This type is to medium pressure
small) be used services.
typs for
exhausting
where.H
from
steam
of
low
or
support is required, exceeds 5 meters. .
Insulation
Inlet from
traps
for
12x6~
Reducer
Drain
1.1/2B
personnel
protection
of steam traps
C.
V.S.L This high
(vent
stack
large)
type should be used pressure steam.
type for
exhausting
of
turbine-warming-steam
protection
Inlet from
of steam traps
Note:
Drain
For
inlet piping 34266
-141-
details of the nozzle etc., parts’.
l.l/2B
foundation, anchor refe? to TEM-3107
bolts, ‘Detail
orientation of DWG. of special
OK
(7) Desuperheater a.
piping
=YW
1) Variable
area
type
Because.of high cost, this type should be used for import steam where there is a change of steam balance.
2) Atomizing
type
Steam
Because of low cost, this type should be used for general service, but not t6 be used where there is change of steam balance. is not especially required, b. Support because regerded as a part of piping. Desuperheaters type should be installed on the rack. C.
The length taps etc., Engineer. The length
of straight pipes, bending radius, should conform to PC1 OK instructions
(Reference
drawing)
shown
in the
Min.13m
Notes:
3426G
-142-
desuperheater of atomizing
drawing
(Straight
1. To be arranged, all times. 2. Check pipes for
below
are
pipe)
so that thickness.
the
is steam
location of instrument by Instrument
standard.
m
pipe
is sealed
with
water
at
(8)
Steam
l
ilencec
piping
(Corrosion Interference of vision
of
instruments with field Burn injury etc.)
When difficuty is found in the piping flexibility, the manufacturer should be requested to supply the silencer with a sliding nozzle.
Pipe should be sloped so as not to allow accumulation of condensate condensate.‘ (Calculate elongation, and provide ,+ sufficient slope to cope with Attention should be paid to the elongation.) the vibration of outlet pipi of P.C.V. (Provision of supports or diverging nozzle should be considered.)
:-.
. .
:. .:.
:..
:
.f
,,
._
.,.
.: -
34266
-143-
w
(9) Stem drum piping Reference
drawing
Noi se occurs, when valv: is tested.
NO arichor is provided drum, and I& drum is to both~SideS.
safety.
I'
entpiping (Air is vented, when the is hydrostatic-tested.) Air is vented by.this bypass valve, when hydrostatic testino. +
for slidable
Never allow a down slope toward the drum. (Attention should .be paid to the upward eloncjation o riser pipes.)
Attention of
Attention should be paid to vibration caused by two phas flovi. (Provide direction stoppers)
shou Id
this
line.
be at one side . only.
\ Length of 1-l. 2m is required to enter . the manhole. _/.
comer line (To be symmetrical)
-Down
Auxiliary boiler or waste heat boiler i
Note:
-.
i
Attention should be paid to vibration, when sttiting up.
all lines connected thermal stresses should checked.fot' strength.
For
to the be
drum , reaction
calculated,
forces
due to
and the nozzles should be
8.10 Drain and vent (1)
Installation
criteria
a.
Positions
where drains
Internal
For operation
34266
or
vents are required.
Drains
fluids
All drain
Liquids
Required (with valve)
Vents Gas pockets
pockets
2.l/ZB
lines
larger
Required (with valve) Not required
Requir ed
(with valve) or not required, refer to note. For Required hydrostatic Gases (Plug or blind test flange) Drains are not required where condensate Notes: operating or ambient temperatures. -144-
in
or
Gases
Required (Plug or blind
flange) will
not
be
produced ..
at
.
2) Drains and vents required by process installed as shown in the P&I.
and shown in P&I,
3) Drain and vent together with valve should be equipment not automatically drained or vented. should be located on the equipment, wherever located in connecting line, provided that no valve is installed between the equipment and b.
Sizes
of drains
and vents
not
indicated
~ Main General (Not specifically indicated)
~3/4B
c.
Equipment
connect
Locations
of drains
1) All drains generally
size
or smaller
or larger
3/4B 1B or larger
be located
where
3/4B
I
Min.lB
/ Min.3/4B
Same with connections
the
above
the grade
or
valves,
should
discharging
4) Drains and vents discharging to atmosphere, the direction not to endanger personnel.
when hot-or-cold regardless of
I Min.3/4B
and vents
3) Drain valves should be located so as not passage ways or access to other equipment.
Note:
-
I I
and vents provided with single be cap-pluged OK blind-flanged.
of drains
I Vents _
Min.3/4B
ions
2) Drain valves should readily observed.
5) Heights
provided for all Connections possible, but may be restriction such as the connection.
I Drains Main line size
3/4B or larger
Abrasive fluids and fluids having high viscosity when operated at lw temperatures.
be
in P&I.
line
2.1J2B
should
fluid
to interfere should
can be with
be oriented
to
floor.
insulated the height insulation thickness.
should
be min.
200 mm
1.
.,
34266
-145-
..
..-
(2) Selection a. ANSI
6009
single
of
valve
and lower classes
block valves
(Note 2)
b. ANSI 900# and higher class.es Single globe valves (Note 3), lubricated double seated valves or two gate valves. C.
Hydrocarbon fluids higher at 48°C. Two block valves
d. Corrosive Single
plug valves,
resilient
having vapor pressures of 4.5 kg/cm2
abs.
or
(Note 2)
fluids
globe
valves
(Note 3) or lubricated
plug valves.
e. Poisonous hydrocarbon fluids Two block valves
(Note
2)
f. Single valves with blinds
may be used for the items
b,c,e.
(Note 2) In general, gate valves. (Note 3) Only for Vents. 8.11 Utility
piping
8.11.1 Hose station (1) Arrangements should be as shown in the drawing below. (2) Connection minimum.
sizes for hoses and fittings
(3) Supply steam pressures are 2 kg/cm;!
34266
OK
should be 3/4B as a below.
-146-
;
(4) Length
of h 088 should
be 15 m.
TO be standardized each area
in
d adjacen e connections)
..
Hose f. .:. --1, ----1: ; ‘,,_i--+ 3 a1If‘1 f
ffose banQ
&
(Detail
34266
- 147-
150
J
of hoseconnection)
(Detail Notes:
8.11.2
of hose
1. The location of hose racks should consultation in the field. 2. All joints should be by welding.
Eye washer
rat be
determined
after
and shower
(1) Water for eye washers and showers should be taken from drinking water sys'tem. Nozzles should be manufacturer's proprietary divices suitable outdoor installation. (2) Pedal-operated 'For
valves
should
be
for
provided.
reference' Typical drawings of the eye washer and shower are shown in the following. Shapes and sizes shown here should be used only for reference in planning, and detail design should conform to manufacturer's drawings. The dimensions shown below are of NIKXI Company. There are cases in which the eye washer and shower are installed being combined into single units. 280~300~
Eye washer
a4
Shower
(3) There are cases in which component parts are procured than two manufacturers for minimizing cost. (4)
34266
-148-
from
more
In cold districts, provisions of winterizing should be considered. (steam tracing should be avoided. Apply insulation, and provide bypasses or blow valves to prevent staying of water from occurring.)
8.11.3
Ejector
piping Elevation of ejector and related piping should be checked by Process Engineer in view of the function of the ejector.
5
Suction
Steam, air water line
lines
(Straight
8.11.4
Cooling
water
The connection prevent rust 8.12
Sample (1)
connection
Installation
a. Sample located
piping should and dirt
for
pump,
should
pipe
etc.
the
top
connections taken off horizontal on the side of the pipe , unless
2) Connections having high 1B.
line
d. Sample connections should be located Sample connections whenever possible.
or sloped otherwise
to
lines should specified.
should be a minimum of 3/4B. connections other than the following,
taken off viscosity
c. Connections for process of the same size should
should
be equal
to
be
should
the
sizes
be a
of
the lines for abrasive fluids or fluidsat low temperature, should be a minimum analyzers should be provided.
be 3/4B,
and a block
'- :. of
valve
taken off product lines connected to tanks, upstream of the control valve. should be located adjacently to the sewer,
e. Sample connections taken off pipes or equipment service should be provided with sampling cooler. be used for two or more sample connections.
-149-
of main
criteria
1) Lines connected to equipment equipment connections.
34266
minimum
and analyzer
b. Vent connections Drain and sample minimum of 3/4B.
f.
have
is preferable.)
turbine
be taken off from entering.
or
For fluids having high viscosity should be made to clean the line media.
for
high Single
temperature cooler may
at low temperatures, provision and cooler with steam or other
,'
(2) Type of Sample
valve
connections
should
a. ANSI 3001 and lower Single
block
b. ANSI 400t Single
Double
Tank
globe
yard
piping
8.13.2 (1)
valve, having
of double vapor
pressure
gate
valves of
4.5
kg/cm2
abs.
valves
valve
Regulations
or lubricated
and safe
plug
valve
distance
When regulations in Japan are applied.
---
To conform to attached "Standard for layout of outdoor storage tank yard..
When NFPA CODE is applied.
--
To conform to attached "Design manual for tank' yard in conformity with NFPA CODE 301".
Tank yard Piping
piping
outside
oil
(liquid)
dike
Piping should be run on pipe racks or sleepers. The height of pipe racks should generally be a maximum of view of loss prevention. There is no limitation for sleeper's height. (2) Piping
inside
oil
(liquid)
-150-
6 n in
dike
In general, piping should be run on sleepers. The height of sleepers should be determined based height, pump nozzle height, dike height and pipe's sequence and branches etc..
34260.
or
fluids
Single
8.13.1
classes
or ball
block
d. Caustic
8.13
valve
Hydrocarbon fluids higher at 48%.
C.
as follows:
classes
and higher
globe
valved
be
on tank laying
nozzle
(3) Design of piping a. Grouping
of
around tank
piping
inside
dike
In general, piping should be grouped on the same sleepers, pump suction lines being routed to have the shortest possible run. Therefore, two or more groups of piping are required where there are many of tanks.
b.
Pump suction
piping
Piping should not have air pockets, tank nozzles being located the highest elevation. (Drain pockets may be allowed.) c. Flexibility
of piping
and flexible
tube
at
..
To cope with settlement of tank (Settlement when full-watertested, uneven settlement, settlement due to;earthquake)-; displacement of nozzle when full of oil, thermal expansion .etc., the pipe loops, expansion joints, flexible tubes may be used. However, in general, flexible tubes should be used for tank feed nozzles (other than for spherical tanks) and for pump suction In this case, piping should be designed with a nozzles. displacement of 100 mm.
:I. .:
._
34266
-El-
Dimensions
of
flexible
tubes
are as follows: llni Y...hb
Maximum displacements
Nominal diameters
50
ND
Actual
40 50 65 a0 100 125 150 200 250 300 350 400 Note:
100
500 600 600 700 700 800 800
150
length 600 700 800 800 900 1000 1100
900
1200
1000 1100 1200 I.300
1400 1400 1500 1600
in 200
(L)
of
700 800 900 loo0 1100 I.200 I.300 1400 1500 1700 1800 2000
d. Piping
around
1) In general, against the
tank
tank tank
250
flexible
800 900 1000 1100 I.200 I.300 1500 1500 1700 1900 2000 2200
When placing an order with to use L' instead of L.
vertical
the
900 1000 1100 1200 I.300 1400 1600 1700 2000 2200 2200 2500
t
300
350
metal
hoses
1000 1100 I.200 ~00 1400 1500 1700 la00 2100 2300 2400‘ 2700
1100 1200 I.300 1400 l500 1600 1800 1900 2200 2500 2600 2900
manufacturer,
mm .-
d 400
1200 I300 1400 1500 1600 1800 1900 2100 2300 2600 2800 3200
I not
be careful
nozzle
shutoff nozzles.
valves
should
be installed
shutoff valves and header changeover installed in a group, and a stage, which walkway crossing over the grouped piping, for operation of such valves.
directly
valves should be also serves as a should be provided
valve is heavy, the tank nozzles 3) When the shutoff reinforced (consult vessel engineer) or a support the tank shell. When the valve is supported on a foundation, such should be integral with the tank foundation. shutoff 4) Emergency tanks as possible.
.
direction
2) Tank
\
.
valves
should
be located
should be installed on foundation
as clash
to
the
valve for safety valve is of gate valve, such 5) Where shutoff gate valves should be installed in vertical line so that the valves are kept open even when the disc is disconnectd due to corrosion. 6)
Sample connections should or dead zones of piping.
not
be taken
inside the dike should not 7) Lines lines. (Attention should be paid to the
off
the bottom
be underground, lines
for
fire
except
of
pipes sewer
extinguishing.)
by drip funnels, and led to 8) Tank drain should be received ditches or sump boxes inside the dike through underground pipes. (Do not allow tank drain to flow directly to the outside of the dike.) 9) In general, 34266
-152-
pipes
should
not
penetrate
the dike.
8.3.3.3
Drainage Refer
8.13.4
system to "8.14.4
Fire
extinguishing
Refer to "8.15 instruction. 8.14
Underground 8.14.1 (1)
Sewer lines"
in
this
Design
instruction.
system Fire
extinguishing
facilities"
in
this
design
piping
Lines
to be installed
Sewer
lines
underground
a. Oily b. Non-oily c. Chemical (2) Water
lines
a. Cooling b. Drinking c.
Seawater
d.Industr
ial
water
(3) Fir@
extinguishing
a. Foam
extinguishing
water
b. Firefighting (4) Trench a. For
cable
b. Lines (5) 8.14.2
required
by process
Sanitary Design
(1) Priority
when planning
Priority should be given to cooling water main l.ines of large size, and oily sewer lines or chemical sewer lines having a slope. (2) Limitation
for
trench
line
Trench lines in the unit lines and lines requiring operation. (3) Limitation
for
should generally be limited to insulated inspection and repairing during
use of flanged
connection
Use of flanged connection should generally be limited connections to valve, equipment and machine.
34266
to the
-153-
::’
..’
_y; I,‘.,
(4)
Minimum
depth
a. To be larger b. To be 1,200 and are not (5)
Spacing
for
of
underground
than
freezing
mm at the reinforced underground
piping depth.
top of pipes, or otherwise
which are protected.
run
under
the
road
piping
(This should not be applied to USSR job, which by USSR regulation for electrical equipment.)
should
be covered
Min.
50
.i .... ,.. Note:
For
dimensions
(6)
Indication In general, elevation.
of pipe
Xl and X2 , consult
Civil
Engineer.
elevation
underground
piping
should
a%~\
be indicated
‘
’
elevation or invert for special lines
a-IN,.,,. I
3426G
-154-
top
...
Top.
Bottom of pipe (B.0.P) used only when required
by
EL'indication
:_ : .i:..
(INV) elevation may be or limited portions.
.1:_ (Invert
ele.vation)
(7)
Jointing
to aboveground
piping
Underground piping is installed prior to aboveground piping works, and the ends of pipes should generally be capped as shown below until1 they become ready to joint.
Cap
or
plate
L 45'
(8)
Protection
for
Underground sleeves, if (9)
Consideration
is preferable
underground
piping should required. to
thermal
piping be protected
with
concrete
Cooling
(1)
water
Design
temperature Surrounding
of
piping
requirements
a.
Large-sized piping should routing, so as to minimize
b.
Drain
c.
Manholes Installation
pocket
should
be
especially be designed piping materials.
avoided,
as far
should be installed for the criteria are as follows:
1) Where main size is 248 or larger, is a pocket. : and ,there 2) Pipes
adjacent
to B, L etc.,
where
to have
simple
as possible. inspection
of
run
is 200 m or more
length
there
is
pipe
a block
inside.
valve.
3) For large plant area such as ethylene plant, approximately manhole for each area is a standard in consideration of 1) and 2). (For example, one for quench and one for compressor ---.) 4) Manhole should be installed inside the valve with main block valve, instrument connection, mentioned below, as far as possible.
3426G
-155-
or
expansion
Displacements due to thermal expansion of high underground pipes should be limited to 40 mm. such pipes should be back-filled with sand. 8.14.3
coating
one above
pit, together and drain nozzle
-: >
5) Detail8
of
Manhole
d.
manhole
the
(Cooling
Drain nozzle Installation
should criteria
are
as
follows: c . \
water)
be
installed for are as follows:
draining
mud in
the
pipes.
1) Where main size is 24B or larger and there is a pocket. (When the pipe dia. is reduced the pocket is produced, the reducer being top flat.) 2) Other
places
3) Details Dr&n
of
where the
(Cooling
accumulation
drain
nozzle
are
of
mud is
as
follows:
expected.
water) I
(2)
Piping
materials
(Fittings)
a. For jobs where JIS G3451 (Coated steel pipes for city water) is applicable, 90° bend class-l, 45' bend class-l, and tee class-l from among JIS 3451 (see attached tables below) may be used. However, these piping materials should be ANSI base, if, in a particular job, the thickness of the pipe is different from that of attached and the quantity of such materials is small, which would result in high cost.
34266
-156-
In case of ANSI base
b.
1) In
general,
miter
90’
bend
miter
(short)
2) Tees should . reinforcement,
with
bend (short) With single segment,
generally be welded if necessary)
two segments, and 450 should be used.
pipe-to-pipe
type.
(with
:’ _.
n
n ww
UU
!D
D*
R
I-_
3
I
L 1
350 400 450 500 550 600 650
I
700 750 800 850 900 ,nnn 1100 1200 1350 1 1500 A”“”
34266
-157-
i
1I / ! I I 1 1 I 1 ,
14
I
16 18 20 22 24 26
1 1 1 1 i 1
355.6 406.4 457.2 508.0 558.8 609.6 660.4
28 30 32 34 36 Ah 44 48 54 60
i1 ! t i I i 1 1 \
711.2 762.0 812.8 663.6 914.4 lnlc n 1117.6 1219.2 1371.6 1524.0
1”
.L”.L”.”
533.4 609.6 685.8 762.0 838.2 914.4 990.6 11 i 1 1
---
.-
ln66-a 1 i:;;:: 1295.4 1371.6
i 1524.0 1
1 1 1 (
r-r a 1010.4 182^:o .o.-. 2057.4 2286.0 .I.
: i 406.4 ' 457.2 : 508.0 1 558.8 1 609.6 1 660.4 I
I
! / .! I 1 I 'i 1 1
.-a.-
a
i i
762.0 -7 8.12'.8 -i 963.6 T914.4 1016.0 ' .-mm - 1 1111.6 ---J.4J.Y.I 1371.6 1524.0 I 7119
JIS
G3451 Coated 90’
steel
piIJes
for
city
water
Bend Class-l
Unit: RtsideThicl -nes: Dia. D2 rit
Nomihal
Dia. (A)
5.8
267.0 273. I
123.2 123.2 123.2 134.0 166.2
267.4 318.5 355.6 406.4 457.2
6.6 6.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
254.2 304.7 343.6 394.4 445.2.
360 410 460 510 530
286.5 299.9 263.3 276.7 312.0
193.0 219.8 246.6 273.4 284.0
508.0 609.6 711.2 812.8
6.0 6.0 6.0
496.0 597.6 699.2 798.6 898.6
5Go 660 790 790 860
290.1
998.6 1097.0
910
t:
139.8 165.2
4.5 5.0
200
216.3
914.4
7.1 7.9
1000 1100 1200 1350 1500
1016.0 1117.6 1219.2 1371.6 1524.0
8.7 10.3 11.1 11.9 12.7
1600 1800
1628.0 14.0 1832.0 16.0 203G.o 18.0
910 1197.0 970 1347.8 1020 1498.6 1070
1200
*1
L 170 170 170 200
190
400 ii: 450 500
140 140 170
550 600 600 650 700
t:
-X58-
709.6 709.6 709.6
6.24
802.0
lE6 15.9
878.6
26.5
959.01039.4 1019.8 1100.2
1192.0
40.7 55.1 52.8 65.0 79.6
iii:: 423.4 423.4 460.8
140 190 160 160 190
700 850 950 950 1050
1180.6 1440.8 1590.2 1590.2 1762.4
87.7 128 165 224 312
433.8
487.6 487.6 519.8 546.6 573.4
19O 190 180 180 180
1100 1100 1150 1200 1250
1842.8 1842.8 1919.4 2080.2
398 518 635 798 984
569.5 616.3 643.1
150
1.50
1250 1300 1350
20G8.4 2148.8 2229.2
433.8 439.9 453.3 466.7
471.5
150
*l 3426G
Weight (kg)
366.8 371.7 371.7 420.4
1coo.o 1100 444.7 1800.0 1150 458.1 2000.0
1
Reference
J12
231.6 231.6 231.6
4.2 4.5
2000
R 230 230 230 250 310
89.1 114.3
:: 800 900
Dimensions
60.7 105.3 130.8 155.2 204.7
1:
500
Inside Dia.
mm
1999.8
Pipe center length
1150 1540 2000 line
4S" Bend Class-l
Unit lomina. Dia. (A)
-I-
OutsideThic Dia. D2
1 Inside.. nys Dia.
-
R
T
Dimensions
Izl
P3
L
mm
Reference Weight *1
1
(kg)
ii:
89.1 114.3 139.8 165.2 216.3
4.2 4.5 4.5 5.0 5.8
80.7 105.3 130.8 155.2 204.7
370 270.3 370 270.3 370 270.3 430 357.4 430 344.5
147.2 147.2 147.2 171.o 195.0
196.7 196.7 196.7 271.9 247.0
350 350 350 450 450
687.8 687.8 687.8 885.8 884.0
6.05 8.39 10.3 17.5 26.6
250 300 350 , 400 450
267.4 318.5 355.6 406.4 457.2
6.6 6.9 6.0 6.0 6.0
254.2 304.7 343.6 394.4 445.2
550 331.6 610 318.6 680 3S3.6 740 340.7 800 327.7
218.8 242.6 270.6 294.4 318.2
222.2 197.3 218.3 193.5 168.6
450 450 500 500 500
882.0 879.8 977.8 975.8 973.6
37.4 46.6 50.6 57.8 65.0
508.0 609.6 711.2 812.8 .914.4
6.0 6.0 6.0 7.1 7.9
496.0 8Go 314.9 597.6 980 539.0 639.2 1170 438.1 798.6 1170 748.0 898.6 1290 722.4
342.2 389.8 465.4 465.4 513.2
143.8 : 500 344.1 750 265.4 750 515.4 1000 465.7 1000
972.0 1467.8 1461.6 1961.6 1357.8
7i.2 131 152 277 347
537.0 537.0 560.8 564.8 608.6
440.8 440.8 416.0 391.1 366.3
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1955.6 1955.6 1953.6 1951.8 1943.8
422 550 647 779 922
304.1 1000 304.1 1000 254.4 1000
1944.9 1944.9 1941.1
1080 1390 1740
1: 125
1000 1100 1200 1350 1500 1600 1800 2000
1016.0 8.7 1117.6 10.3 1219.2 11.1 1371.6 11.9
998.6 1097.0 1197.0 1347.8
1350 1350 1410 1470
709.3 709.3 6’96.4 683.5 670.6
638.3 668.3 638.3 668.3 612.5 716.1
*lPipe center length
34266
-159-
line
.:....:
:
04ominal
Dia.
600X600A
and smaller)
:__::. -..: : ..
I (Nominal Note:
Dia.
Allowances
7OOX25OA and larger) ,for
R are
f Sam.
.: ..
34266
-160-
Nominal Dia. (A)
Outside
Dia
02
d2
a0 x‘ 80
139.8 139.8 139.8
89.1 114.3 139.8
150 X 80 150 x 100
165.2 165.2 165.2 165.2
89.1 114.3 139.8 165.2
216.3 216.3 216.3 216.3
114.3 139.8 165.2 216.3
250 x loo 267.4 250 x 125 267.4 250 x 150 267.4 250X200 267.4
114.3 139.8 165.2 216.3
250 x 250
267.4
267.4
300 x 100 300 x 125 300 x 150 300x 200 300x 250 300X300
318.5 318.5 316.5 318.5 318.5 318.5
114.3 139.8 165.2 216.3 267.4 318.5
950x 150 355.6 550X200 355.6 150x 250 355.6 so x 300 355.6
165.2 216.3 267.4 318.5 355.6
150 X 125 200 200 200 200
x 100 x 125 x 150 x 200
4.2
89.1 114.3
125x 80 125 X 100 125 X 125
HIx350
355.6
Kxl x 150 rc?ox 200 loo x 250
406.4 406.4 406.4
tixz
Reference Weight
4.2
100 X 80 100 x 100
150 x 150
Thickness
2so
250
6.38
250 250
7.63 8.75
250 250 250
a.92 9.46 10.7 13.6 14.2 14.7 16.9
6.6' 6.6 i:t 6.6
4.5 2: 5.8 6.6 4.5
36.7 37.3 ii:: 47.8 44.8 45.3
;:i ::: iit 6.9 6:O 6.0 86:: 6.0
55:: :-ii
6:0
Zi:o" ii:;
63.7 66.8 72.5
165.2 216.3
64.2
200X400
:Ei 40614
267.4 318.5 355.6 406.5
R f 72.7. 71.6:. 82.2.
150 x 350 x 150 X 150 x 250 x 150x 150 x
150 200 250 300 350 400 450
457.2 457.2 457.2 457.2 457.2 457.2 457.2
165.2 216.3 267.4 318.5 355.6 406.4 457.2
X200 X 250 X 300 X 350 X 400 X 4SO X 500
508.0 508.0 506.0 503.0 508.0 508.0 508.0
216.3 267.4 318.5 355.6 406.4 457.2 508.0
500 500 500 NO 500 500 500
(kg)
ii:8 ii:: ii:8
6.0 ii:8 6.0 2 6:o 6.0
E:i i:; 6.0 6.0 6.0
71.2 73.5 76.4 78.7 77.6 79.0
91.7 80.3 82.7
84.8 83.7 84.8 85.9
101
::
.I_ . . . .
..:.
Nominal Dia. (A)
.
outside
D2
Thickness
Reinforcement
Length
d2
T
t
t1
8
Ii
Reference
I
Height
600 X 200 600 X 250 600 X 300 600 X 350 600 X 400 600 X 450 600 X 500 600 X 600
609.6 609.6 609.6 609.6 609.6 609.6 609.6 609.6
216.3 267.4 318.5 355.6 406.4 457.2 508.0 609.6
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
5.8 6.6 6.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
-
-
750 750 750 750 z!
500 500 500 500 to”
750 750
500 500
700 X 250 700 X 300 700 X 350 700 X 400 700 X 450 700 X 500 700 X 600 700 X 700
711.2 711.2 711.2 711.2 711.2 711.2 711.2 711.2
267.4 318.5 355.6 406.4 457.2 508.0 609.6 711.2
6.0 6.0 6.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6.6 6.9 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0
6G::
;i
3:
i::
;i
s:
i::
70 70 3:
750 750 750 750
600 600 600 600 600 600 ii:
168 171 170 171 173 174 177 203
800 X 300 BOOX 350
812.8 812.8
318.5 355.6
7.1 7.1
6.9 6iO
2
70 70
1000 1000
700 700
298 297
800 X 450 400 800 X 500 800 X 600 800 X 700 800 X 800
812.8 812.8 812.8 812.8 812.8
451.2 406.4 508.0 609.6 711.2 812.8
7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1 7.1
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.1
t :: X:8
1000 1000 1000 1000 1oOO
;ii zii
6.0 6.0
70 70 70 70 70
ii 301 304 306 355
900 X 350 300
914.4
355.6 318.5
7.9
6.0 6.9
ii:8
70
1000
;ii
if:
400 900 X 450
914.4
406.4 457.2
7.9
6.0
t :t
70
1000 loo0
700
i:
900 X 600 500
914.4
609.6 508.0
7.9
6.0
6.0
70
1000
700
iii
900 X 800 700 900 X 900
914.4 914.4
711.2 812.8 814.4
7.9 7.9
7.1 6.0 7.9
t.8 6:0
70 70
1000 loo0 1000
z 700
;!t 438
1000X350 1000X400 1000X450 1000X500 1000X600 1000X700 1000X800 1000X900
1016.0 1016.0 1016.0 1016.0 1016.0. 1016.0 1016.0 1016.0
355.6 8.7 406.4 8.7 457.2 8.7 508.0 8.7 609.6 8.7 711..2 : 8.7 812.8 8.7 914.4 8.7
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.1 7.9
70 70 70 70 ‘70 70 70 70
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
451.2 406.4 508.0 609.6 711.2 812.8 914.4 1016.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 6.0 7.1 7.9 a.7
70 70 70 70 70 70 70
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1100X450 400. 1117.6 1100X500 1117.6 1100X600 1117.6 1100X700 1117.6 1100X800 1117.6 1100X900 1117.6 1100X1000 1117.6
34266
Dia.
-162-
10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3 10.3
i::
28 X:i ,. 6.0 El 6.0 28 ii:8 2: 6.0 6.0
;t
ii: 800 800 !K ~~ iii ~~ :i 80 800
138 140 142 141 141 142 142 164
446 447 zi 449 449 4sT 465 E 572 570 568 572 575 530
‘(kg)
Nominal Dia. (A)
Outside
Dia.
t1
11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1 11.1
::i 6.0 ii::
::: 66:;
7.1
11.1 11.1
a
7
1219.2 1219.2 1219.2 1219.2 1219.2 1219.2
406.4 457.2 508.0 609.6 711.2 812.8
1200x 1200X1000 900 1219.2 1016.0 914.4
1200x 400
1200X11001219.2 1117.6 1350X 450 1350X 500
1371.6 1371.6
1350X 900 1350X1000
1371.6 1371.6
457.2 508.0
If
1000 1000
900
66::
70 70 70 70 70 70
1000 1000 1000 1000
900 900 900 900
7.9 8.7 10.3
E 6.0
70 70
1000 1000
900 900
2:
70 70 70 70 70
1250 12.50 1250 1250 1250
11.9
6.0
6.0 6.0 6.0 7.1
11.9
7.9
1350X11001371.6 1117.6 1350X12001371.6. 1219,2
11.9 11.9 11.9
8.7 10.3 11.I
6.0 2
1500X500 1524.0 1500X600 1524.0 1500X700 1524.0 1500X~8001524.0 1500X900 1524.0 1500X10001524.0 1500X11001524.0 1500X12001524.0 1500X13501524.0
508.0 609.6 711.2 812.8 914.4 1016.0 1117.6 1219.2 1.371.6
12.7 12.7 12.7 -12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7 12.7
6.0 6.0 6.0 7.1 7.9 8.7 10.3 11.1 11.9
;:i
1600X600 1628.0 1600X700 1623.0 1600X800 1628.0 1600X900 1628.0 1600X10001628.0 1600X11001628.0
609.6 711.2 812.8 914.4 1016.0 1117.6
14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0 14.0
711.2 812.8 914.4 1016.0
16.0 16.0 16.0 16.0
1800X 700 1800X 800 1800X 900 1800X1000
1832.0 1832.0 1832.0 1832.0
914.4 1016.0
66::
1010 1010 1010 1000 1010
12.0
1190 1190 1190 1190 1190 1190 1200 1220 . 1230
6.0 6.0 7.1 7.9 8.7 10.3
12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
155 1500’ 150 1500 150 1500 150 ‘1500 150 1500 150 1500
Ei 1200 1200 1200 1200
1710 1710 1720 1730 1730 1750
6.0 7.1 7.9 8.7
12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
150
1500
1400
2190
150 150 150
1500 i 1500 1500
1400 1400 1400
2200 2210 2220 2240 2250
;:: 9.0 9.0 1f:i
10.3 : 12.0 : 15d.F 1500 11.1. 12.0 150 1500
!OOOX800 !OOOX900
2036.0 2036.0
812.8 914.4
18.0 18.0
7.1 7.9
12.0 12.0
18.0 18.0
8.7 10.3 11.1 11.9
12.0 12.0 12.0 12.0
-163-
700
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
t6.0:.
18.0
ii;
1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 1250 12!% 1250 KEO
16.0
18.0
1000 1000
66133 673 672 669 673
100 100 100 100 100 100 loo 100 100
1219.2
1219.2
900
1250 1250 1250 1250
1832.0
!OOOX13.50 2036.0 1371.6
Weight
100 100 100 100
i::
1800X1200
!OOOX1200 2036.0
f
1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000 1000
1800X11001832.0. 1117.6
!OOOXlOOO 2036.0 1016.0 !OOOX11002036.0 1117.6
Reference
B
11.9 11.9 11.9 11.9
1350X600 1371.6 609.6 1350X700 1371.6 711.2 1350X800 1371.6 812.8
Length
Reinforcement
t
02
1200X450 1200X500 1200X600 1200X700 1200X800
34266
Thickness
200 200 200 200 200 200
1409 1400
1500
1500
lSO0
1500
1500 1500 1500
1500
1500
1500
1500 1500
1020
1020 1040 lOS0
2750 2750 2760 2780 2790 2800
(kg)
8.14.4
Sewer piping
(1) Type Applications
Oily
1. Drainage from equipment handling oil. 2. Drainage of rain water from oily paving areas. 3. Waste water produced by decoking of cracking furnace etc. 4. Drainage from the inside of oil dike. 5. Others indicated in P&I.
sewer
Chemical
sewer
Non-oily sewer (Storm sewer)
1. Drainage from equipment handling chemicals. 2. Drainage of rain water from chemical paving areas. 3. Chemical drainage from control room, laboratory and analyzers. 4. Others indicated in PSI. 1. Drainage equipment. 2. Drainage oily or 3. Drainage
other
than
those
from
oily
1
or chemical
of rain water other than those chemical paving areas. of drinking water from buildings. 4, Drainage of firefighting water. 5. Neutralized waste water from neutralization tank.
i
from
I I l
I
I
(2) "Material Material
Type
Oily
34266
-164-
sewer
(In
Remark
general)
1. Carbon steel pipe with outside anticorrosion tapes. 2. Concrete pipe should be used for and larger when long distance. Consult Civil Engineer.
16B
Chemical
sewer
1. Carbon steel pipe with-outside anticorrosion tapes; (Careful study should be made on possible corrosion of steel due to acid and alkali.) 2. Cast-iron pipe 3. Ceramic pipe 4. PVC pipe
Non-oily
sewer
1. Carbon
steel
pipe
_ .. . .: ..-: ,I’ .;...
(3) Design
of oily
and chemical
sewers
oily and chemical sewers and should be of gravity
a. In general, underground,
should be installed flow type.
In general, oily and chemical sewers within planned with a slope of l/300, and finally, between each catch basin or manhole should and civil Engineers.
the plant should be flow velocities in be checked by Process
:
I b. Design
fiow
quantity
Flow quantity should be based on rain water plus process water. me quantity should be determined by Civil Engineer based on process data, amount of rainfall, area of pavements, coefficient of discharge etc. c.
Design
flow
velocity
Design
flow
velocity
d. Sizing
of main
should
sewer
be 0.3-2.1
m/s.
line
1) The'sizes should be determined by Civil Engineer, design flow quantity and design flow velocity. (For other than main line, by Piping Engineer.) 2) Minimum
size
e. Shape and size 1) Catch their-
of main of catch
should
basin
area
basin areas should be paved periphery spill-walled. -.
2) One catch
basin
should
3) One catch
basin
area
4) A slope
lines
of
l/150
5) Dimensions of each part below, as a standard.
should
Max.22.5m k
with for
concrete
etc.,
each catch
be a maximum of
or more should
basin
400 m2.
be as shown
Max.22.sn i-
in
the
drawing
100 I It" EL 0
Catch
-165-
and
be provided.
EL-150
34266
on
be 6B.
be provided should
based
bash.
area.
..
f.
Determination
of
paving
area
After receiving the information of equipment requiring paving from Process Engineer, Piping Engineer should determine the dimensions of paving area in cosideration of equipment maintenance, dismantling of piping, limitations of catch basin area etc.. g. The catch basin, sump box and manhole pit should generally installed in the main lines at intervals of 25 to 30 m. Type of oily sewers should be such that water seal can be provided for prevention of spreading of the fire. h.
Drip
funnel
Drip funnels should be equipement and piping, basin or sump box. The below, depending on the
Drip
funnel
located to-permit direct discharge from and connected to the main line, catch size of drip funnel should be as shown size and number of discharge lines.
(Type 11
Perforated plate (MAT'L:SUS304) (4.99
' Yltt 'Top
,
Drip funnels inside of buildings paved, should be as follows: Drip
funnel.
(Typ6
EL 150,
when
non-pving
WP. EL.(SEE DwG.1
,'
_:
be
or
trenches,
where
floor
is
2:) te 1
34266
-166-
i.
Cleanout A sub-header
should be provided for two OK more drip funnels. should be provided with a cleanout at its end. (Each drip funnel serves as a cleanout, because its perforated plate is removable.)
(Type
nChekered
I
1)'
Clean
It
plate
out
~o~~ X6 St Checkered (M&T'L SS4u
Detail
plate
ELO)
Polyethylene used when
"J"
caps, shipping,
which were may be used.
plate
Clean
out 'X6
Detail
34266
-167-
"G"
j.
k.
For catch basins or sump boxes which flammable gases, water sealed covers gases should be discharged to a safe Type
and purpose
1) Catch
basin
(A) Typical
of ---
are 1 iable to produce should be provided, and place through 2B pipes.
pit This
is
a pit
for
catch
basin
area.
types
Gratincf
Type
"A"
Type
“B”
Gratins
Type (Seal
34266
-168-
YzH type)
Type (Seal
“D” type)
the
(B)Sleeve Connections of pipes to pits which vary depending on construction method or time schedule, should be determined after consulting with Civil Engineer, and the scope of works should be made clear. sleeves are shown in the Here, dimensions for flanged following.
a I?
7
Pipe Size
L
a($ 4 6 8 10 12 14 18
300 300 300 300 300 300 300
d(B) D(B) 2 100 t 4 i 180
Id(B) 112 ii 14
i
D(ld) 420 . 480 1
2) Sump box Sump box is the intermediate pit which is installed intervals between catch basins or between a catch manhole pit exceed 25-30 m. (A)Typical
when the basin and a
types ..:: .:
* When non-paving,' the height of 50 mm fr& paving should be revised to read EL 150.
34266
-169-
each (where
GL=EM)
I Type
(Seal
“G” type) EL.3000
Type ,II" (-Seal type) ,
:
3426G
-170-
(B)For
sleeves,
(Seal refer
to those
for
catch
type)
basin.
3) Manhole
pit
Manhole pits and inspection seal effected Manhole pits the boundary
l
I.
are installed for the purpose of cleaning of long main lines , and provided with water by internal partition wall. should therefore be located adjacently to B.L Or of unit or area.
When non-paving, revised to read
the above dimension EL 150. (where GL=ELO)
(B)Por
sleeves,
refer
pit
cover
Details
of
Type
“A*
Type
"Bm
T_vDe "C"
, 34266
-171-
to those
for
"SO"
catch
should'be
basin.
.. .: Detail
"B"
,ed late 4-I-F FB 50x6
FB 50x6
/
L 90x56x6
Detail
"C"
S't Checkered'plate
t----hi I w u5Ox5Ox6
Detail Type
34266
-172-
"D"
Type
"F"
Type
"G"
Type
"H"
71"
MAT'L
SS41)
St Checkered (MAT'L SS41) Ml6
Dla I/4 /+I&-
Nut
' y+
r100 50 I
Ml6
Detail
"F"
Detail
"G"
D&tail
I _.
1
I
I
A I I
34266
-173-
1 L 90x56x6
Tvoe
Type
"H"
"I"
“El”
m. Drainage
from
inside
the oil
(liquid)
dike
Tank
- Drainage should separately. An example
be
provided
for
both
oily
and non-oily
is shown below. To non-oily
* For storage tanks of ethylene vaporize, only the valve for
and propylene etc., which non-oily should be provided.
n. For catch basins located in the area of heaters is used, provisions should be made to keep the to allow accumulation of water in the pits.
will
etc., where fire pits dry, and not
o. When structures or two or more story buildings require flocr drainage, the floor drainage pipes should be provided and connected to the main sewer line. funnels In this case, the drip should generally be in the scope of Civil Engineer. (Consult Civil Engineer.) p. Sump Boxes should be provided at the corners of main lines. Inlet and outlet pipes of pits should be installed at right to the pit wall. 34266
-174-
angle
q. The angle of intersection ot 415. should be used for branch lines except for the start points of drip funnels. The branch lines should be buried as close to the ground surface as possible.
r.
\
Sub-header elevations, dimensional
Symbols to be used in piping and should have identification
drawings number
--cz \ Y cc
and main line are in different and they constitute threep.tpFng. should be as shown below, for each area.
Manhole
(Oily
sewer)
sump box
(Oily
sewer)
Catch
(Oily
sewer)
basin
Manhole
(Chemical
sewer)
sump Dox
(Chemical
sewer)
ditch
basin
(Chemical
sewer)
Drip
funnel
(Oily
Drip
fu~el
(Chemical
Clean
out
(Oily
Clean
out
(Chemical
Size
of
of General
It is recommended to information such as cover details of the valves at oil dikes number. (The General Drawing plants having large 34266
-175-
sewer)
sewer) sewer)
indication
Manhole 800X1600 800 Sump box Catch basin 800 Drip funnel 2.54 Clean out 2.5Q 8. Preparation
sewer)
(To sc'ale) (To scale) (To scale)
Drawing make
types, pits, etc., should number
General Drawing, which includes the sizes elevations, directions, and drip funnels , cleanouts and changeover all together with each identification generally items.)
of
be made for
congested
t.
Preparation
of Plow sheet
Plow sheets of the sewer system are usually not included in other F.D, and it is recomendable to make the flow sheets for transmission OK confirmation of information, and for convenience of field construction and operation.
P&I or Utility
The followings
are examples. --
Butadiene
3rd n I
6" 6 6"
floor (700 m21 Zndty70f$;r
extraction
-unit
drain drain
area of pLd
Except
.
8"
(Only
Pumps .washing)
--
r-------
--
Product
tank
area
--_.
t1
34266
-176-
,’
:;.
‘:.
34266
-177-
:. ‘.’ .:. >--.:. iIf= ggs 2 :‘;‘a
I
(4) Design
of
non-oily
sewer
a. In general,
non-oily
sewers
should
b. Design water.
quantity
should
be based
C.
Design
flow
velocities
should
d. Types of sewers and as excavated e. The sewer
building drainage, f.
be 0.6
are U-shaped etc..
be designed on rain
by Civil water
to 1.8 m/set.
trough,
ditch
in of
Engineer.
and waste gravity
flow.
concrete
brick
or
should be provided on both sides of road, periphery with roof, and in a place where there is non-oily etc..
The following
considerations
should
be paid
in the
of
design.
sewer
1) Interference of non-oily sewers with other underground piping. (When the amount of rainfall is larger, or the length of sewer is longer, the bottom of the sewer is likely to become deeper;) 2) Isolation of paving area (Do not allow rainwater of oily enter into the non-oily sewer.) 3) Interference 8.14.5
Trench
(1)
areas
to
ways
piping
required
b. Water-spray etc..
by process.
piping
such
. .._.
as for
steam
curtains,
water
Gravity flow lines whose main lines are located (G.L) and are liable to clog. (Example : Drain lines to underground tanks.)
d. When a line maintenance. (2)
passage
paving
Scope of application
a. Piping
C.
with
or chemical
Construction
interferes cosuaonly
with
the passage
for
curtains
below
operation
the
grade
and
used 150
Notes:
34266
-178-
_. ._ . . .:1..
a. Inside of trenches should be filled with sand, if for safety. b. Top covers may be of checkered plates or gratings. Sometimes, the cover is not required.
required
c. In gener81, piping for steam curtains or water curtain8 should not be covered. But, when the trench interrupts a passage-way, the . interrupted portion should be covered with a light cover. d. For above mentioned(l)C gravity flow lines, 45O bends and 45O branches should be used, and nozzles for cleaning should be provided at cirtical points. (Example of installatin 450
of the cleaning
nozzle)
Cover
8.15 Firefighting
piping
(When requlations
in Japan are applied.)
8.15.1 Types of systems (1) Water extinguishing
.
system
Hydrant system b. Water-spray and deluge systems c. Sprinkler system d, Water curtain (Including steam curtain)
a.
(2)
Air-Form
sys
tea
a. Outdoor air-foam extinguishing b. Air-foam chamber system.
hydrant ]
system
(3) (2% system 8.15.2 Water extingushing 1. Water for firefighting facilities other than
.-. system system should not be used for any permanent for firefighting purposes.
2. Lines going to each yard should generally be underground, but the lines inside the tank-yard-dike should be aboveground. (1) Hydrant system a.
Location
of hydrant
Hydrants should be installed so that all equipment and buildings are included within a 40 meter radius of the point of the hydrants, 34266
-179-
..: .. ..: _.
b;L Hose box Hose boxes should be located within 5 meter distance. c.
Piping i)
on the
side
right
of
the
hydrants
planning
Main plant
lines for firefighting to contribute looped
2) The main isolation
water piping.
should
lines should have block valves of any required sections.
around
so as to permit
each
the
*
(Example 1
3) For the main blind flanges
be routed
lines for which future should be provided.
4) Connection between the hydrant should be as shown below.
and
expansion
the
is
expected,
firefighting
water
line
Hydrant
Firefighting
(2)
water-spray
and deluge
systems
a.
water-spray
and deluge
systems
These systems or explosive
are applied gases.
for
storage
water
tanks
of
line
flammable
liquids
1) Spherical tanks should be provided with topnozzle-type deluge system, which covers all of the upper half surface, and bottom-spray-system, which covers all of the lower half surface of the tank.
34266
-180-
2) Top-nozzle-deluge or drencher system should be provided on the roop of cone roof tanks for liquefied petroleum gases. For tank shells, the drencher system should be used.
I
I Deluge
b.
Piping
Drencher
system
svsteo :
planning
1) Drencher heads should be located covers the tank shell entirely.
so that the cooling
water
2) Distribution valves and main valves should be installed in a safe place outside of dike. (15 m apart from the outside surface of tanks) 3) A strainer distribution Galvanized stq+irl$E-
should
be
installed
between
the main valve and the
header.
pipes should be used for piping
downstream of the
.:
4) Piping inside the dike should be above ground and provided with drain valves. The piping should not penetrate the dike. 5) Winterizing
should
be
provided
in cold districts.
:.
._I..
.:
:
1: -::
_.
1 .:
:
3426G
-181-
6) Biping water.
.
6FF AU EL.1000
3426G
-182-
around
tanks
should
be sloped
(Example
of
piping
at distrubution
(Example
of
piping
at
spherical
to prevent
valves)
tank)
staying
of
(3)
Sprinkler
system
a. Sprinkler
system
This
system
is applied
to warehouse-yards
or bagging
warehouses
etc.. b.
Piping
planning
1) Main
valves
2) Strainers Galvanized strainer. (4)
should should pipes
be manually
operated.
be provided in the should be used for
water
curtain
and steam
curtain
a. Water
curtain
and steam
curtain
Water curtain is used for shielding curtain for dilution of gases leaked. b. Steam headers should of steam and pressure c. Piping
be designed,
drops
piping. down-stream
against taking
heat, into
piping
of
and steam
account
the
amount
etc..
planning
1) Steam should be supplied Consult Process Engineer.
from M.S headers.
2) When the length of header for steam curtain is longer than 15 m (TEC standard), the steam should be supplied to the header from two or more lines. Inlet
of steam
Control
valve
steam
3) Manually operated in a place ready 4) Pitch
34266
-183-
of holes
curtain
control
to access in
the
header
valves should be used and when gas leakage occurs.
steam
curtain
headers
the
installed
5) Steam curtain shown belaw.
header should
be installed
in the trench as
Clearance for thermal
Drain trench 8.15.3 Air-foam
system
(1) Air-foam
system
expansion
-one) -
Air-foam system should be used for fire extingushing of nowwater-soluble and flammable substance such as naphtha, oil etc.. a. Air-foam
system includes
two systems shown below.
1) Outdoor foam extinguishing 2) Fixed air-foam system (Air-foam chamber)
light
hydrant.
for tanks.
b. Air-foam chambers should be provided tanks for hazardous materials.
for the following
storage
1) Tanks whose liquid surfaces are 40 m2 (tank diameter of approximately 7.2 m) or more, or heights are 6 m or more. . oirer
c. Air-foam chambers should be provided above, where required.
for any tanks other than the
:
3426G
-184-
d. Air-foam 6y6tam6 should bc designed to allow fteding of foam liquid to the air-foam hydrant or the air-foam chamber6 from both the pressure balance tank and the air-foam firefighting truck. Foam liquid
fyq
Strainer
Bt
To foam chamber
Water for firefighting
Connection (Connection
to firef~~hting truck. should.be installed In a safe
alongside-the main road and also adjacent pressure balance tank.)
place
to the
e. Air-foam extinguishing hydrant6 should be located so that concerned hazardous material6 are covered within a 40 10radius the hydrant. f. Hazardous materials within a 15 m radius of the hydrant coverd also by other air-foam extinguishing hydrants. (2) Number of air-foam Tank diameter i Le66 than l3 II! 13 1 to le66 than 19 a-to less than 24 a to le66 than 35 m to less than 42 m to le66 than 46 m to less than 53 m to less than 60 m to less than 67 m to less than 73 m to less than 79 m to les6 than 85 m to less than
34266
-185-
should be
chamber6 Cone roof 19 1 24 m 35 m 42 m
46 53 60 67 73 79 85 90
IQ m m m m m m m
1 1 I; 2 3 4 6 8'
10 12 14 16 18
tank
.. .
Floating
of
roof 2 3; 4' 5 6 7 8
10 10 l2 12 14 14
tank
(3) Piping a.
planning
When two of more foam chambers are following should be complied with.
installed
1) Foam chambers should at uniform intervals.
on the
2) The piping distribution
be
located
on one tank, periphery
should be planned so as to obtain of the foam from each chamber.
Foam liquid piping inside the oil-dike be underground, and should not penetrate
should
not
d.
Foam liquid piping should be sloped(1/250) and be provided valves at the lowest points so that the foam liquid in the can be drained completely. When the lowest points are underground, pits should be provided for the drain valves.
With
f.
to the foam liquid
The foan liquid tanks and manual be located outside the dikes. Block valves in the lines to extinguishing system should as far as grouped together, They should be located 15 m
be a loop
uniform
C.
lines
to
tanks
Foam liquid
water strainers.
is not required
the
b.
e. Feed
piping
of
the
of
system
tank yards the oil-dike.
should
tanks
operated
piping.
be provided
control
valves
drain
piping
with
should
be used for the hydrants of foam be located outside the oil dikes and possible. apart from the outside surfaces of
tanks.
h. The foam liquid tanks the control rooms.
should
be located
in
a place
adjacent
to
Foam chamber
Foam liquid
tank
I
3
From firefighting water main line
8.15.4
CO2 extinguishing CO2 extinguishing rooms, control
8.15.5
Cases
where
system system should be provided rooms, computer rooms etc..
-186-
the
switch
NFPA CODE is applied
Attached "Design of tank should be complied with.
34266
for
yards
in
conformity
with
NFPA CODE 30"
MALONEY
STEEh LTb
PROTEK ENGINEERS MALONEY FILE: CQ91-207 PAGE 2
l ,
l*O
DESIGN BASIS
1.1
PRCCESS DESCRIPTION Our offer Is based on the use of triethylae glycol as the dehydrating medium. The reasons fox the choice of a glycol drying system and for the use of TEC are outlined in section 3.10 and 3.11 of this quotation, The glycol contactor lower consists of a gas/liquid knock-out sections The liquids are where entrained liquids are removed from the gas, discharged under level control and the gas passes up through the vessel counter current with lean TEG, Mass transfer of water into the glycol from the gas takes place over the length of the coatactor before the gas leaves’the top of the tower as dry gas. The tower is fitted with a chimney tray between the knock-out and contacting sections in order to collect the rich glycol and from where it is discharged under level control. The tower has a mist extractor above the knock-out section to prevent entrainment of liquids entering theoontactor section and contacting the glycol and a second mist extractor below the gas outlet,to prevent entrainment of glycol in the dry gas, The contactor section has been designed using valve trays which However a design using we believe gives the most economical design. a structured packing would result In a more compact tower with consequent reduction in weight which would be a bonus on an offshore installation. We would be pleased to consider such a design if this basic offer is of interest. A glycol dehydration unit can de designed with a large number of variation of glycol flowrate and concentration, number of stages The design and degree of heat recovery on the regeneration package. to provide the most cost effective offered has been computer rjptimized design. The water rich glycol discharged from the chimney tray is piped to the regeneration package where it firstly, passes through a still reflux coil where it is preheated to approxLmately 162’F. Then the rich glycol is piped to a vessel operating at about 4 barg (60 psig) which serves as a flash drum and a hydro-carbon liquid skimmer. This vessel is a vertical three-phase separator sized to provide thus assuring complete degassing 15 minutes glycol retention time, of the rich glycol and removal of any liquid hydrocarbons which may have been entrained in the glycol solution. The degaeeed rich glycol is discharged from the flash drum through firstly a glycol sock filter which removes solids and then through a carbon filter which removes any remaining hydrocarbons, well treating chemicals or any other trouble-some impurities and then through a rich-lean glycol heat exchanger where it is further preheated to 350Q F. &.Jd filtered, the rich glycol is Having been preheated, degassed ed to a feed point near the centre of the packed still. reflux
column
where
the water
and glycol
are
separated
by
fractiona
at I on.
I al st
,:,
1. .::’
PROTEK ENGINEERS MALONEY FILE: CQ91-207 PAGE 3 1.1
The still column reflux condenser is cooled by the rich glycal leaving the contactor tower. The sole purpose of the dietillation or still column is to vent water vapour and to recover all glycol vapours generated by heat in the reboiler, This method is so effective that glycol losses in the still overhead are small. As the rich glycol passes from the bottom of the still column downward into the reboiler, the temperature is further increased to the reboiler temperature of 204°C (4OO’F.f with heat being supplied Normal reboiler temperature is 204*C. Alternatively by a gas fired heater. the reboiler could be electrically heated at additional cost. Even though TEG begins to degrade at slightly above 204’C, glycol degradation ie not a problem when air is excluded from the system and when heater flux rates are reasonable. The lean glycol from the reboiler then passes through the glycol/glycol heat exchanger where it is cooled while preheating the rich glycol before passing to the gl.ycol accumulator. Before re-entering the contactor tower at the completion of the regeneration cycle further cooling is required which may be by sea water, process gas or ambient air. This offer is based on the use of sea water cooling using a litanium plate and frame heater exchanger. After final cooling the glycol is pumped into the top of the contactor tower using an electric driven positive displacement pump. This offer includes the supply of 2 x 100% duty pumps,
'HI
b
PROCESS, DESCRIPTION
1.2
DESI.Gp DATA Each dehydration unit ie designed to dry 165 MMSCFD of gas water saturated at 850 psig and 14O’F. to an outlet dewpoint of 57*F(14*C). Gas supplied at 980 psig contains less water and hence the equipment will handle gas from 850 to 980 pslg, The tower offered has sufficient contactor stages to maintain the 14°C dew point if the gas inlet temperature is increased to 155*F but gas throughput is then limited by the capacity of the regeneration package, and hence gas throughput must be reduced. If the system is operated with gas at 400 psig an extra stage must be added to the contactor tower in order to maintain the 14°C dew point and also the gas throughout must be reduced.
WlALONEY
STEEL Mb
PR0TEK ENGINEERS MALONEYFILE: CQ91-207 PAGE 4 1,2
DESIGN DATA Maximum gas throughputs
are listed
INLET TEMPERATURES &F 140 145 150 ,': 155 NB.
Extra stage required
1.3
JJESIGNBASIS
below in MMSCFD:
INLET PRESSURE 850 - 980 psi&
INLET PRESSURE 400 psig
165 151 138 128
90 82 76 70
for operation
of 400 psig.
Gas flow rate 165 MMSCFU Gas inlet pressure 850-980 psig Gas inlet temperature 1406F. Mechanical design pressure 1700 psig Gas molecular weight 21.3 Gas saturated with water at above inlet conditions. Gas outlet dewpoiat 57°F (14'C), Water removal rate 1220 lb/h. Lean glycol concentration 99.1% TEG Lean glycol circulation 27,785 lb/h, Rich $1~~01 circulation 29,005 lb/l Glycol circulation 2.5 USG/lb water removed Glycol contactor ID 81" height s/s 21'6" for 850 psig 23'6“ for 400 psig Contactor design pressure 1700 psig Contactor design code ASME VIII Div. 2 Reboiler operating temp. 400'F pressure atmospheric Reboiler heat load Heat load recovered by reflux coil. Heat load recovered by glycol/glycol exchanger
2.5 x lo6 BTU/h 0.3 x lo6 BTU/h
Total regeneration heat load Reboiler capacity filLed
6.3 x lo6 BTU/h 3.0 x 106 BTU/h
3.5 x lo6 BTU/h
--
WUONEV
-
--
__,
-
Wm.--(
OTEEL LTD
PROTEKENGINEERS MALONEYFILE: CQ91-207 PAGE 5 1.3
4?
DESIGN BASIS Gas consumptions if reboiler gas fired Power consumption if electr1caU.y heated Gas consumption based on gas with GCV
SO00 SCFH 900 kw 1000 BTII/SCF
Glycol cooler sea watersupply Sea water consumption Sea water return
Assumed 9O*F 34,710 lb/h lll°F
Power absorbed by glycol Pumps motor fitted
34 hp (25 kw) 40 hp (30 kw)
pump
Pump power based on max pressure casing designed for 1700 psig,
of 980 psig in contactor.
Regeneration skid dimensiona (apprax.) Height to top of still column 1.4
Pumps
36’0” x 14’0” 36’ 0”
INSTRUMENTATIONAND CONTROL This offer is baaed on the minimum controls required for safe operations of the unit, We would be pleased to consider controls in more detail once your control philosophy is determined, For example we would need to know whether controls should be electric or pneumatic and whether controllers are to be local or provided by a remote DCS syatem, CONTROLSINCLUDEDARE:
4)
Contactor Tower: Level. controLler and control valve for knock-out section Level controller and control valve for chimney tray Level contwoller and control valve for glycol level High and low level ewitches for knock-out level section High and low level switches for chimney tray glycol Level gauge for knock-out section Level gauge for chimney tray glycol level.. Pressure gauge Temperature indicator REBOILER: Temperature controller Fuel gas valve train consisting of fuel gas shut down valve, control/shut down valve, pilot valves , manual isolating valve, main,gas regulator, pilot gas regulator:. Flame f allure sensor Low level switch High temperature switch Level gauge
MALQNEY
STEEL Ltll
PROTEKENGINEERS MALONEYFILE: CQgl-207 PAGE 6 1.4
CONTROLS LNCLUDEU: GLYCOL PUMPS Pressure gauge8 Relief valve6 FLASH TANK Level controller and control valve for glycol Manual valve for manual skim of hydrocarbon condensate ReguLaror and relief valves for gas blanket Level gauge High and low liquid level ewitches Pressure gauge Relief valve.
FILTERS fsolating valve8 Pressure gauges Differential pressure gauges Manual bypass valve for charcoal Thermal relief valves 2.0
filter
EXLUSI,ON All instrumentation controls and valves far process gas* All instrumentatlcn, controls and valves for sea water. Any instruments , controls or valves not listed in section Relief valves on contactcr tower, ESD valves or blowdown valves Accees platforms and ladders on contactor tower, Brackets fitting of ladders/platforms are included. HIC and SSC testing We would would be pleased to advise prices for any of the once your final requirements are known.
3.0
REPLY TO ATTACHMENT 2 OF YOUR RF-Q
3.1
Reboiler BTU/SCF,
fuel
3.2
Electrical Nl3, This
power requirement for electric reboiler offer is based on the use of a gas fired
3.3
The rsboiler offered is deeigned for uce with sweet gas. However controls, firetube, burner and exhaust be specified for use with aour gas at extra cost if
gas demafid
5000
SCFH based
on gas with
1.4 above
far
above
GCV of
1000
900 kw reboiler. dehydraeed stack may required.
MALONEY
STEEL LTD
PROTEKENGXNEERS MALONEYFILE: cp9 l-207 PAGE 7
.+a Tb
3.4
Choice between electric heating or gas firing ie an economic trade off depending upon capital cost and relative costs of gas as opposed to electricity, An electric reboiler will take up less space which can be at a premium for offshore applications.. Thyristor control is recommended for electric heaters with the control panel mounted Indoors in a non-hazordous area. However the thytistor control panel cost is significant.
3.5
The dehydration unit may be turned down to 30% of design flow, i.e. to 50 MMSCFD at 850.-980 psig or to 30 MMSCFD at 400 p&g.
3.6
The unit offered is constructed from carbon requirements fo NACE MR-01-75, Vessels are and pipework will be heat treated to ensure also complies with NACE MR-01-75,
3.7
Maloney dehydration systems are designed to minimize Details of maintenance requirements and recommended can be discussed when control’philosophy is decided
3.8
See section
1.2
3.9
See section
1.2
3.10
The alternative to a glycol dehydration system is a dry bed system. Dry bed systems are capable of dehydrating to lower dewpoints rhan glycol systems but equipment costs and energy costs are higher. The required dewpoint far this application is 14“C. which is relatively high and easily obtainable using a glycol system. There is thus no advantage in using a dry bed system in this case and economic disadvantages.
\
3.11
steel. conforming to A-516-70. Vessels that weld hardness
maintenance/downtime, spares holding upon.
vapour pressure than DEG or MEG. Consequently in the gas outlet stream are lower if TEG is used, especially when gas temperatures are high as in this case. DEG is normally only used when gas temperature is below 2O*C (68°F) and MEG only when gas is refrigerated. Also because of its lower vapour pressure the fractional distillation of the rich glycol is easier with TEG with lower Losses in the water vapour stream from the still column, A further advantage of TEG 1s its higher thermal stability enables the use of higher reboiler temperatures leading to higher concentrations of lean glycol without the use of gas stripping to increase glycol concentration, TEG has a lower losses
of
glycol
P .a .
MALONEY STEEL LTD PROTEK ENGINEERS MALONEY FILE: CQ91-207 PAGE 8 3.12
4.0
The high gas inlet temperature specified in the RFQ has necessitated a regeneration package capable of removing large quantities of water due to the high water content of the saturated gas. Reduction of the gas temperature would lead to a reduction in size, weight, capital cost and energy costs. Each 5°F reduction in gas temperature reduces the energy requirement by approximately 8%. You may therefore wish to consider cooling the inlet gas to the contaccor tower. REFERENCE LIST.
OFFSHORE GLYCOL DEHYDRATION UNITS AND REGENERATORS
YEAR FABRICATED 1976 1980
1990 Awaiting Currently
commissioning building
LOC&CION North Sea North Sea Gulf Thailand North Sea North Sea
The last two references above are for platforms and are designed CO operate roll, heave and pitch.
CAPACITY MMSCFD 375 100 75 47 116 use OR floating under condftions
production of severe
. Wilter . Lean
l
removed glycvl
Reboilcr
3,
per
train
: $.%G5 LB/HR
: Conc:enl:t:at.i+ Flow r3.t.e Cj.rculacion duty
: Calculat,c?di Installecl
DESCRlPTfON .------v---.
OF
S1JPPI.Y
a) One gas dehydration
PSIG,
140°F)
: 99.1 X weight : 33 000 LB/HR : 2.75 Gall/LB
ioed
: 1300 i : 1500 I FbR
gackake
(050
KW (4.4 KV (5.1
PACH
MMBTUIH) MMBTU/H)
TRAIN
housj.nA
- One gas/glyc(>l. cont.nct.or, SCl-LIbber. Sizing : z m diamer.er per
ba.cksd 1:ypc, including an integrated inlet. , 5r.G m height; ! - Ona caslglycol heat excha$ger, t.ubular BEM type, mounted along the , absorber. I I hcces+jories and i,nst-rumtnts, associated CO - Including piping, valves, ccntactot and heat exchanger; Skid
s1.7.ing
Estimat.ed
: II = 11 m
I
w = 3.5
m
I
L = 3.5
m
empt.y wai&t.
I I : 50 i.ona
- Two full glycol flow c:arjridg:e filters, able tr) remove all solids particles of 5 microns diamc!Rnr and ahow. I - 1)ne side flow glyr:vl c:haIjc:oal filter, able t,o handle 20 X of rich I glycol flow rate. i - OI~F! gly~~~.~l/glycvl heater ekc:hangcr, plate type of tubular type. !
bundlel;
: 2,3
(3)
long - Ont? sr.il.f-
One
column,
glycol
reboiler
packed drum,
surge
I I/i’e, 'i a@le
inches
34
to
per
3 m
diameter
per
4 m height:
the
glycol
c:ontained
r.riplex
type
r’k?r:t?ive
in
.
- Twn gJ.yr..ol recirculation frumps, with. their electrical muters: f interc:onncr:t.~TIS
Including at:c(~s~;nries . !
m diameter TL / TL
- Including Skid sizing
Estimated
empty
=
Up
equipad and
inStrumant.3
I
to
wright.
valves,
piping,
heat insulation : I, :k I.5 m W = 4,6 m ii
rc?c:iprocating
11
still
I 11
column
installed.
:ons
: 70
4. ANSWERS TO ATTACHEMENT i z OF YOUR PAX t
fired ~lycul reboile:: : Futrl gas consumpr.i.on ,it 7 case of direct a Net heating value of 1005 p e r c Ka 1.n , based on a fue, I. I gas hav !ng BTU./SCF, fuel gas con+:;umpt.. ii ,n will be : 7050 SCF/HR and per train. 4.1.
4.2. Elc:ct,rj.cal gl.yc0.l reboiler Fuel h.3. available. 4.4.
heated
power : 1305
rdql KW
gas quality : Mjnimum pressure
Comparison reboilsr. . Elnct.rical.ly
of
- smaller - smaller - higher which
direct heat.ed
larger
- lower
in
3boi.ler
of
in quality limit 3 bar
referaLly rt. battery fired
case
heat.er
vis
elac:trically
heated
dehydrated R.
a vis
of
gas
elec:trically
:
vessel izing package j izing ixvestme: shall
be
: cost due to ruvideci +
1 1
. Rebuiler -
.t-e1nent.s
sizing investmen
t-1cost I i i , I 1 i I j I
associated
cnnt.rnl
panel
as
Metallurgy
6.6. r'~~on'uW~lded
thr
r:las
ttr
first
hundred
::0Llr recommerlddtion due t0 the 1owek part ut the contac:rlor mil limrrter~ of strut:t.ured packing.
We will ser,vice. from bott.om up to
Rich g!.ycol piping up to f;‘lash vessel, flash vrs$el. flash out.ler, gas piping should satrsfy recommenciations of NACE, Still and internals shall be l)rc>vj $ctd in stainless steal. 4.7 Wlml thrnufihput. st.rigl>ing
operating at 400 shall be reducef gas shall be uticd.
4.0 W?len uperating reduced as fc~llows 145°F 0 150°F 3 55°F
--5.
at :
‘PSIG
4: down
145/l.
vc+ssel cc~1um.n
instead of 850 PSIG t,hc inlt?‘t gas lo 7 +4 MMSCFD and 1 SCPT/GALL or
Oll55”F
the
inlet
gas
t.hroughput
shall
be
the desii n and sul)ply of trains is : 38 000 000 FF
four
identical
gas
and
12 to
14 months.
: 10.5 MNSCFD : 127 MMSCFD : 112 MMSCFD
BUDGET PRIcrf
Hutiget. ~,lyc:ol
pri~:e for d.ehydration
j?ii.- DELXVERY
Delivery
TIME
time
gf
7. Rl?FERENCL -A..PROSER list Staying
at
those
unit.:;
will
be between
LIST of
your
refercxes disposal
is fol
added ;
hert!
any other
after, information
you may require.
We remain, Yvurs faf th.ful ,...*/--7
ly
:; I /j. I ! i
MC. RIGAIL t I
l/j i
