Timber Design of a Two Storey House

TECHNOLOGICAL INSTITUTE OF THE PHILIPPINES 938 Aurora Boulevard Cubao, Quezo C!"#

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ST)UCTU)AL ANAL2SIS ANAL2SIS AN0 0ESIGN O& a Proo+ed T4o 5 S"ore# T!'ber )e+!de"!al Hou+e

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1

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2

ABSTACT

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3

TABLE OF CONTENTS CHAPTE) :7 P)O@ECT BACG)OUN0777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 BACG)OUN07777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777773 73 :7: I"rodu%"!o7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777773 :7 T(e Pro$e%"7777777777777777777777777777777777 Pro$e%"77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 :73 Pro$e%" Ob$e%"!ve+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Ob$e%"!ve+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 :7 Pro$e%" S%oe ad L!'!"a"!o7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 L!'!"a"!o77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777:7; Pro$e%" 0evelo'e" Pro%e++7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777CHAPTE) 7 0ESIGN INPUTS77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 INPUTS7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 77777777777777779 7: Ar%(!"e%"ural Pla+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Pla+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777777777777777777 777777777799 7 S"ru%"ural Pla+777777777777777777777777777777777777 Pla+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777:3 777777777777777777777777777777777777777:3 73 Tru++ 0e"a!l+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 0e"a!l+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777 :7 S"ru%"ural Ideal!za"!o777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7; L!+" o& Load!6 er Area777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777: Area777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777: CHAPTE) 37 ST)UCTU)AL ST)UCTU)AL ANAL2SIS ANAL2SIS AN0 0ESIGN7777777777777777777777777777 0ESIGN77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 37: 0e+!6 Pro%e++ &or @o!+"+, Bea'+, ad G!rder+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 I7 SECON0 FLOO)77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 FLOO)777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777 3 I7A 0e+!6 o& Floor S(ea"(!6777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 S(ea"(!6777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777773 773 I7B 0e+!6 o& Floor @o!+"+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 @o!+"+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 I7C 0e+!6 o& Bea'+ ad G!rder+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 G!rder+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 9 II7 G)OUN0 FLOO)77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 FLOO)7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777738 77777777738 II7A 0e+!6 o& Floor S(ea"(!677777777777777777777777777 S(ea"(!6777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777738 7738 II7B 0e+!6 o& Floor @o!+"+777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 @o!+"+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777738 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777738 II7C 0e+!6 o& Bea'+777777777777777777777777777777 Bea'+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777777777777777777777 : 37 0e+!6 Pro%e++ &or Purl!+, Tru++, ad Colu'+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Colu'+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 779 I7 0e+!6 o& Purl!+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 Purl!+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 II7 0e+!6 o& Tru++777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Tru++7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777777777777777; 7777; III7 0e+!6 o& Colu'+777777777777777777777777777777 Colu'+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777;7777777777777777777777777777777777777;373 0e+!6 o& Coe%"!o+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Coe%"!o+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 I7 Bea'=Colu', Bea'=Colu', Bea'=Bea'77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Bea'=Bea'77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 777777777777777777777777777777777777777779 II7 Tru++=Colu', Tru++=Colu', Tru++=Bea'7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Tru++=Bea'7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777- - CHAPTE) 7 0ESIGN SCHE0ULES AN0 SU//A)2777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777- SU//A)2777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777- 4

7:7 @o!+"+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 @o!+"+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 - 77 Bea'G!rder S%(edule7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 S%(edule7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777-; 777777777777777777777777777777777777777-; 737 Colu'+7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 Colu'+77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777- - APPEN0ID = )EFE)ENCES777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 )EFE)ENCES7777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 77777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777777 7777777777777777-777777--

5

CHAPTER 1. PROJECT BACKGROUND 1.1 Introducton T(e u+e o& "!'ber a+ a +"ru%"ural 'a"er!al !+ o" e4, ! &a%" da"!6 ba% 'a# %e"ur!e+7 A+ "!'e a++e+, develo'e"+ ! "(e var!ou+ "#e+ o& "!'ber %o'oe"+ 4(!%( are ava!lable ad "(e!r u+e ! d!&&ere d!&&ere"" +"ru%"ural +"ru%"ural &or'+ (ave o%%urred e4 adva%ed adva%ed "!'ber "!'ber rodu%"+ rodu%"+ are o4 ava!lable ava!lable eabl!6 eabl!6 +"ru%"ural e6!eer+ "o a%(!eve "(e er&or'a%e ad e&&!%!e%# ! bu!ld!6 &or'+ be!6 de'aded ! "(e :+" %e"ur#7 T(ere are "(ou+ad+ o& +e%!e+ o& "ree &ro' 4(!%( "!'ber %a be ob"a!ed, ea%( 4!"( d!&&ere" ra"e+ o& 6ro4"(, +"ru%"ural roer"!e+ ad de6ree+ o& durab!l!"#7 T(e "!'ber +ul# %(a! (a+ re+oded "o a"ure+ var!ab!l!"# ad o4 rov!de+ reea"able rodu%" +ul# &ro' 'aa6ed &ore+"+7 T(e !du+"r# (a+ al+o %rea"ed 6rad!6 ro%e++e+ "o del!ver rel!able "e%(!%al er&or er&or'a 'a%e %e .6rad .6rade+1 e+1 &or "(e+e "(e+e rodu% rodu%"+7 "+7 T(e U %o+"ru%"!o !du+"r# 6eerall# u+e+ "(e 4ord "!'ber "o de+%r!be +"ru%"ural rodu%"+ o& 4ood, 4(erea+ ! Nor"( A'er!%a "(e 4ord lu'ber !+ u+ed7 ood !+ o&"e u+ed "o de+%r!b de+%r!bee &ur!" &ur!"ure ure ad ad o"(er o"(er o=+" o=+"ru% ru%"ur "ural al !"e'+7 !"e'+7 Never"(ele++, all "(ree "er'+ are %o''ol# u+ed "o

F!6ure :7 T!'ber a+ S"ru%"ural /a"er!al

de+%r!be +"ru%"ural rodu%"+7 T!'ber !+ %a"e6or!+ed a+ e!"(er +o&"4ood or (ard4ood7 So&"4ood !+ ob"a!ed &ro' %o!&erou+ "ree+ ad (ard4ood %o'e+ &ro' broad=leaved "ree+7 So&"4ood ad (ard4ood are bo"a!%al "er'+ ad do o" e%e++ar!l# re&er "o "(e de+!"# or (arde++ o& "(e 4ood7 For eJa'le Bal+a, 4(!%( !+ o4 "o be +o&" ad u+ed &or bu!ld!6 l!6("4e!6(" 'odel+, !+ a (ard4ood 4(erea+ 0ou6la+ F!r !+ a +o&"4ood 4!"( 6ood durab!l!"# ad (!6( +"re6"( roer"!e+7 So&"4ood !+ %o''ol# u+ed &or "!'ber +"ru%"ure+ a+ !" !+ read!l# ava!lable, ava!lable, ea+!l# ea+!l# 4ored, 4ored, o& rela"!vel# rela"!vel# lo4 %o+" ad !"+ &a+" ra"e o& 6ro4"( 6ro4"( 6!ve+ a %o"!uo %o"!uou+ u+ +ul# &ro' re6eera"ed &ore+" area+7 Hard4ood+ are "#!%all# u+ed &or eJo+ed +"ru%"ure+ ad %ladd!6+ 4(ere durab!l!"# ad ar"!%ular ae+"(e"!% %(ara%"er!+"!%+, +u%( a+ %olour or 6ra! a""er, are re*u!red7 A+ a a"ural ad ree4able r ee4able bu!ld!6 bu!ld!6 'a"er!al, "!'ber (a+ eJ%elle" e%olo6!%al a""r!bu"e+7 I" a%"+ a+ a %arbo +! ad (a+ lo4 e'bod!ed eer6#7 T(e eer6# eeded "o %over" "ree+ !"o 4ood ad (e%e !"o +"ru%"ural "!'ber !+ +!6!&!%a"l# lo4er "(a "(a" re*u!red b# o"(er +"ru%"ural 'a"er!al+ +u%( a+ +"eel ad %o%re"e7 6

Adva"a6e+ o& T!'ber a+ Co+"ru%"!o /a"er!al Thermal Properties. ood doe+ o" ra%"!%all# eJad a6a!+" (ea"7 O "(e %o"rar#, b# "(e e&&e%" o& (ea", !" dr!e+ ou" ad 6a!+ +"re6"(7 T(e %oe&&!%!e" o& "(er'al %odu%"!v!"# o& "(e 4ood !+ ver# lo47 For "(!+ rea+o, 4ood !+ u+ed &or 'a!6 'a"%(e+, (adle+ o& (ard4are e*u!'e", %e!l!6+ ad 4all %over!6+7 Mechanical Properties. Al"(ou6( 4ood !+ a l!6(" 'a"er!al, !"+ +"re6"( !+ *u!"e (!6(7 For !+"a%e, 4(!le "(e "e+!le +"re6"( o& 4ood 4!"( 7%'3 +e%!&!% 6rav!"# !+ : N'', "(e "e+!le +"re6"( o& +"eel 4!"( -789%'3 +e%!&!% 6rav!"# !+ ; N''7 0!v!d!6 "e+!le +"re6"( b# +e%!&!% 6rav!"# 6!ve+ "(e brea!6 le6"( ad *ual!"# o& 'a"er!al7 Aesthetic Properties. ood !+ a de%ora"!ve 'a"er!al 4(e %o+!dered a+ a ae+"(e"!% 'a"er!al7 Ea%( "ree (a+ !"+ o4 %olor, de+!6 ad +'ell "(e de+!6 o& a "ree doe+ %(a6e a%%ord!6 "o "(e 4a# !" !+ +l!%ed7 I" !+ o++!ble "o &!d d!&&ere" 4oode 'a"er!al+ a%%ord!6 "o %olor ad de+!6 re&ere%e7 re&ere%e7 Oxidation Properties. Al"(ou6( Properties. Al"(ou6( 4ood (a+ oJ!da"!o %(ara%"er!+"!%+ ! +o'e 4a#, !" !+ o" "(e !d o& oJ!da"!o +ee ! 'e"al+7 /e"al+ 6e" ru+", 4ood doe+"7 For +u%( %(ara%"er!+"!%+, u+e o& 4ood !+ re&erred "o avo!d ru+" 4(e e%e++ar#7 Working Properties. I" !+ ea+# "o rea!r ad 'a!"a! 4ood7 (!le old 4ood+ %a be ree4ed b# +e%!al "ou%(e+ o"(er 'a"er!al+ are (!6(l# d!&&!%ul" ad %o+"l# "o 'a!"a! ad "o rea!r7 T(ere&ore "(e# are u+uall# d!+o+ed o&7 Variation. T(er T(eree are are 'ore 'ore "(a "(a ; ; !d !d++ o& 4ood 4ood++ ! "(e "(e 4orl 4orld7 d7 T(e! T(e!rr +e% +e%!&!&!% !% 6rav 6rav!"!"##, 'a%ro+%o!% ad '!%ro+%o!% +"ru%"ure+ are d!&&ere"7 Be%au+e o& "(!+ var!e"#, !" !+ o++!ble "o &!d 4ood +u!"able &or eed+7 For !+"a%e, &or (ea" !+ola"!o ad +oud ab+or"!o 4ood+ ! l!6("4e!6(" are u+ed7

0!+adva"a6e+ o& T!'ber a+ Co+"ru%"!o /a"er!al Shrinkage and Swelling of Wood. ood Wood. ood !+ a (#6ro+%o!% 'a"er!al7 T(!+ 'ea+ "(a" !" 4!ll ad+orb +urroud!6 %ode+able %ode+able vaor+ ad lo+e+ 'o!+"ure "o a!r belo4 "(e &!ber +a"ura"!o o!"7 7

Deterioration of Wood. T(e Wood. T(e a6e"+ %au+!6 "(e de"er!ora"!o ad de+"ru%"!o o& 4ood &all !"o "4o %a"e6or!e+? B!o"!% .b!olo6!%al1 ad ab!o"!% .o=b!olo6!%al17 B!o"!% a6e"+ !%lude de%a# ad 'old &u6!, ba%"er!a ad !+e%"+7 Fngi. I" !+ e%e++ar# "o 6!ve +o'e +(or" !&or'a"!o abou" &u6! a6e"+ "o "ae 'ea+ure+ a6a!+" "(e 4ood de"er!ora"!o7 OJ#6e !+ e++e"!al &or "(e 6ro4"( o& &u6!7 I "(e ab+e%e o& oJ#6e o &u6! 4!ll 6ro47 6ro47 I" !+ 4ell o4 "(a" +"ora6e o& 4ood uder 4a"er 4!ll ro"e%" "(e' a6a!+" a""a%+ b# &u6!7 Moistre. Geerall# Moistre. Geerall# 4ood 4!ll o" be a""a%ed b# "(e %o''o &u6! a" 'o!+"ure %o"e"+ belo4 "(e &!ber +a"ura"!o o!"7 T(e &!ber +a"ura"!o o!" .FSP1 &or d!&&ere" 4ood l!e+ be"4ee  "o 3;K bu" 3K !+ a%%e"ed 6eerall#7 !trients. ood !trients. ood !+ a or6a!% %o'oud ad %o+!+"+ o& ;K %arbo7 T(a" 'ea+ "(a" 4ood !+ a ver# +u!"able u"r!e" &or &u6! be%au+e &u6! der!ve "(e!r eer6# &ro' oJ!da"!o o& or6a!% %o'oud+7 0e%a# &u6! 4ood ro""er+ %a u+e ol#+a%%(ar!de+ 4(!le +"a! &u6! ev!de"l# re*u!re +!'le &or'+ +u%( a+ +oluble +oluble %arbo(#dr %arbo(#dra"e+, a"e+, ro"e!+ ro"e!+ ad o"(er +ub+"a%e+ +ub+"a%e+ re+e" ! "(e are%(#'a are%(#'a %ell o& +a4ood +a4ood77 Add!"!oall#, Add!"!oall#, "(e re+e%e o& !"ro6e ! 4ood !+ e%e++ar# &or "(e 6ro4"( o& &u6! ! 4ood7 "nsects. I+e%"+ are ol# +e%od "o de%a# &u6! ! "(e e%oo'!% lo++ "(e# %au+e "o lu'ber ad 4ood ! +erv!%e7 I+e%"+ %a be +eara"ed !"o &our %a"e6or!e+? Ter'!"e+, o4dero+" bee"le+, %are"er a"+ ad 'ar!e borer+7 Fire. Ao"(er d!+adva"a6e o& 4ood !+ "(a" !" ea+!l# %a"%(e+ &!re7 ood %o+!+"+ o& or6a!% %o'oud+ 4(!%( are %o'o+ed 'a!l# o& %arbo ad (#dro6e7 T(e# %a %o'b!e 4!"( oJ#6e ad bur+7 Be%au+e o& "(e+e roer"!e+, 4ood !+ %la++!&!ed a+ a %o'bu+"!ble 'a"er!al7

8

1.! T"# Pro$#ct T(e ro$e%" !+ a "4o=+"ore# re+!de"!al (ou+e u"!l!z!6 "!'ber a+ "(e 'a! +"ru%"ural 'a"er!al7 T(e +"ru%"ure (a+ a "o"al lo" area o& "(e la !+ 3 +*7 '7 4!"( d!'e+!o+ :3 ' J :8 ', ad "(e "o"al &loor area o& "(e +"ru%"ure !+ - +*7 '7 Ea%( +"ore# (a+ a (e!6(" o& 3 ' &ro' "(e a"ural 6rade l!e7

F!6ure 7 Per+e%"!ve !e4 o& "(e )e+!de"!al Hou+e

1.% Pro$#ct O&$#ct'#( T(e 'a! ob$e%"!ve o& "(!+ ro$e%" !+ "o aal#+e ad de+!6 a "!'ber +"ru%"ure ! a%%orda%e 4!"( "(e r!%!le+ 4r!""e ! NSCP :7 O"(er ob$e%"!ve+ o& "(e ro$e%" are a+ &ollo4+? a7 To de+!6 a "4o=+"ore# "4o=+"ore# re+!de"!a re+!de"!all (ou+e "(a" 4!ll (ave a a%%e"ab a%%e"able le robab!l!"# robab!l!"# o& er&or'!6 er&or'!6 +a"!+&a%"or!l# dur!6 !"+ !"eded l!&e "!'e7 b7 To rov!d rov!dee all "(e e%e+ e%e++ar +ar## ar%(!" ar%(!"e%" e%"ura urall la+, la+, +"ru%"ur +"ru%"ural al la+, la+, ad ad %o'u %o'u"a" "a"!o !o++ &or "(e +"ru%"ural aal#+!+ ad de+!6 o& "(e +"ru%"ure7 9

1.) Pro$#ct Sco*# +nd L,t+ton T(e &ollo4!6 4ere "(e +%oe %overed b# "(e de+!6 ro$e%"? :71 T(e ro$e%" 4a+ 4a+ de+!6ed ! a%%orda%e "o "(e Na"!oal Na"!oal S"ru%"ural Code Code o& "(e P(!l!!e+7 71 Aal#+!+ o& +"ru%"ural 'e'ber+ "(rou6( "(rou6( %ove"!oal %ove"!oal 'e"(od+, ad ad aal#+!+ o& o& "ru++ 4!"( "(e (el o& G)ASP +o&"4are7 371 All ar%(!"e%"ura ar%(!"e%"urall la+ .&loor la+ ad eleva"!o eleva"!o la+1 la+1 ad +"ru%"ural +"ru%"ural la+ la+ .&ra'!6 .&ra'!6 la+1 4ere rov!ded7 T(e &ollo4!6 4ere "(e l!'!"a"!o+ o& "(e de+!6 ro$e%"? :71 Ol# $o!+"+, bea'+, bea'+, %olu'+, %olu'+, "ru++ ad %oe%"!o+ 4ere %o+!dered %o+!dered ! "(e de+!67 de+!67 71 T(e %o+" %o+" e+"!'a"e e+"!'a"e &or "(e "(e 4(ole +"ru%"u +"ru%"ure re !+ o" rov!ded rov!ded77 371 T(e !"er!or !"er!or de+!6 de+!6 o& "(e +"ru%"ure +"ru%"ure 4a+ 4a+ o" %o+!dered7 %o+!dered7

1.- Pro$#ct D#'#o*,#nt Proc#(( T(e &!r+" (a+e o& "(e ro$e%" develo'e" ro%e++ 4a+ "(e la!6%o%e"ual!za"!o o& "(e re+!de"!al (ou+e "(a" 4!ll be %o+"ru%"ed7 T(!+ +"a6e !%lude+ "(e a'!6 o& "(e ob$e%"!ve+, 4r!""e roo+al+, ad !de"!&!%a"!o o& e%e++ar# !&or'a"!o o& "(e %l!e", lo%a"!o, e"%7 ."(e+e 4a+ o" +(o4 ! "(e ro$e%"17 I "(e +e%od +"a6e, "(e ar%(!"e%"ural ad +"ru%"ural la+ 4ere %rea"ed7 NeJ" 4a+ "(e !de"!&!%a"!o o& "(e 'a"er!al roer"!e+ "(a" 4a+ u+ed ! "(e +"ru%"ure7 A+ 4(a" 4a+ +a!d, "(ere are 'a# var!a"!o o& 4ood+ %o+!der!6 %o+!der!6 !"+ de+!"# ad o"(er o"(er roer"!e+, "(a"+ 4(# 4(# o4!6 "(e 4ood 4ood "#e 4a+ e%e++ar#7 e%e++ar#7 T(e &our"( (a+e doe 4a+ "(e !de"!&!%a"!o o& "(e load+ o "(e +"ru%"ure7 T(e+e load+ !%luded "(e dead load, l!ve load, ad 4!d load7 o4!6 "(e load+ ad "(e 'a"er!al roer"!e+, "(e de+!6er 4a+ able "o ro%eed "o "(e la+" +"e o& "(e ro%e++ 4(!%( !+ "(e +"ru%"ural aal#+!+ ad de+!6 o& "(e +"ru%"ure7

10

PLANNING/CONCEPTUALIZATION

CREATION CREATION OF ARCHITECTURAL AND STRUCTURAL PLANS

IDENTIFICATION IDENTIFICATION OF MATERIAL PROPERTIES

IDENTIFICATION OF LOADS ON THE STRUCTURE

STRUCTURAL ANALYSIS AND DESIGN OF THE STRUCTURE

F!6ure 37 Pro$e%" 0evelo'e" 0evelo'e" Pro%e++

11

CHAPTER !. DESIGN INPUTS !.1 Arc"t#ctur+ P+n(

F!6ure 7 Groud Floor Pla

12

F!6ure ;7 Se%od Floor Pla

13

F!6ure 7 Fro" Eleva"!o

F!6ure -7 )ear Eleva"!o

14

15

F!6ure 87 )!6(" S!de Eleva"!o

F!6ure 97 Le&" S!de Eleva"!o

16

!.! Structur+

P+n(

F!6ure :7 Groud Floor Fra'!6 Pla

17

F!6ure ::7 Se%od Floor Fra'!6 Pla

18

19

For Fr+,n/ P+n(0 S ,#+n( Jo(t Grou* In + &#+, n+,# FAB10 F ,#+n( Fr+,#2Grd0 + nd B F!6ure :7 )oo& Bea' Pla B#+,

Beam Column Joist ,#+n(

20

F!6ure :37 Fra'!6 S#+"e'

21

!.% Tru(( D#t+(

F!6ure :7 )oo& Tru++

22

F!6ure :;7 Tru++ 0e"a!l+

F!6ure :7 Purl! 0e"a!l+

23

F!6ure :-7 Tru++ 0!v!+!o

F!6ure :87 Tru++ Tr!bu"ar# Area+

24

!.) Structur+ Id#+3+ton

25

I "(!+ +"ru%"ure, +"r u%"ure, "(e 'a! 4ood u+ed 4a+ 2aal, '(i)( is +,om t(e %,ou- $ ./i( St,ent( 'it( 80 St,ess %,ae o, some minimal -a,ts .'alls Bao 'as use '(i)( is +,om %,ou- $ .Moe,atel Lo' St,ent( 'it( 50 St,ess %,ae STUDS

COLUMNS JO$STS

#!N"LS %$&D"&

B"!M

!LLS

F!6ure :97 S"ru%"ural Ideal!za"!o

26

!.- L(t o4 Lo+dn/ *#r Ar#+

Groud Floor Area S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

0!'e+!o S(or" S!de .'1 Lo6 S!de .'1  ;  ; ; ;  ;  ; ; ; 3  To"al Groud Floor Area

Area .'1   ;   ; : :

/!!'u' 0e+!6 Load O%%ua%# L!ve Load .Pa1 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79

Se%od Floor Area S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

0!'e+!o S(or" S!de Lo6 S!de 4 ;  ; ; ;  ; :7;  ; ; 3  To"al Se%od Floor Area Tot+ Foor Ar#+

Area   ;   ; : :8 !56

/!!'u' 0e+!6 Load O%%ua%# L!ve Load .Pa1 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 Ba+!% Floor Area :79 EJ"er!or Bal%o# 79M

27

CHAPTER %. STRUCTURAL STRUC TURAL ANAL7SIS ANAL7SIS AND DESIGN %.1 D#(/n Proc#(( 4or Jo(t(0 B#+,(0 +nd Grd#r(

F!6ure 7 0e+!6 Pro%e++ &or @o!+", Bea' ad G!rder

28

I. SECOND FLOOR I.A D#(/n o4 Foor S"#+t"n/

Pro%edure :7 A++u'e A++u'e "(e +a%!6 +a%!6 o& "(e $o!+"+ $o!+"+ "(a" "(a" 4!ll 4!ll %arr# "(e "(e load &ro' "(e "(e ael+7 ael+7 7 C(oo+e "(e "(e ael +a "(!%e++ "(!%e++ ad 4!d"( .Table .Table 7: 7: NSCP1 a%%ord!6 "o "(e ael ael +a ra"!6 .$o!+" +a%!617 37 Cal%ula"e Cal%ula"e "(e "(e *ua"!"# *ua"!"# o& o& "(e ael+ ael+ "(a" "(a" %a be be la%ed la%ed 4!"(! 4!"(! "(e "(e bea'7 bea'7

Slab S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

le6"( .+ .+1 4 4 5 4 15 5 3

le6"(.l1 ; ; ; ;  ; 

S(ea"(!6 0!'e+!o+ .'1 +a%!6.+1 ael."1  7 7:  7 7:  7 7:  7 7:  7 7:  7 7:  7 7:

ael.41 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

Qua"!"# 14 14 17 14 5 17 10

length ( s ) Quantity = x 2 panel ( w )

29

I.B D#(/n o4 Foor Jo(t( Pro%edure Par" :7 Solv!6 &or To"al e!6(" "o be %arr!ed b# @o!+"+ a7 b7 %7 d7 e7 &7

Ge" "(e "(e To"al To"al e!6(" e!6(" due due ""oo Floor Floor S(ea"( S(ea"(!6 !6 Cal%ula"e Cal%ula"e "(e "(e Area Area o& Oe! Oe!6+ 6+ o& all+ all+ 4!"(! 4!"(! "(e "(e Floor Floor @o!+"+ @o!+"+ C(oo+e C(oo+e "(e "(e S"ud S"ud 0!'e+!o 0!'e+!o+ + &ro' &ro' NSCP NSCP Table Table 737 Ge" "(e To"al To"al e!6(" e!6(" due "o all S"ud+ S"ud+ 4!"(! "(e "(e Floor @o!+"+ %o+!der!6 %o+!der!6 Area o& Oe!6+ Oe!6+ Ge" "(e To"al e!6(" e!6(" due "o all+ all+ 4!"(! "(e "(e Floor @o!+"+ %o+!der!6 Area o& Oe!6+ Su' Su' u all all "(e "(e e!6( e!6("+ "+77

Par" 7 0e+!6 "(e 0!'e+!o+ o& "(e Floor @o!+"+ a7 b7 %7 d7

A++u'e A++u'e "(e 4!d"( 4!d"( .b1 .b1 o& "(e "(e &loor &loor $o!+"7 $o!+"7 Ge" "(e "(e 'aJ!'u' 'aJ!'u' +(ear +(ear ad ad 'aJ!'u' 'aJ!'u' 'o'e" 'o'e" due due "o "(e "o"al "o"al 4e!6( 4e!6("7 "7 Solve &or &or "(e de"( de"( .d1 u+!6 "(e allo4a allo4able ble bed!6 bed!6 +"re++, +"re++, +(ear!6 +(ear!6 +"re++, +"re++, ad de&le%"!o de&le%"!o7 7 Ge" "(e 'aJ!' 'aJ!'u' u' d a'o6 a'o6 "(e "(e "(re "(ree7 e7

Par" 3 a7 Solve Solve &or +"re++ +"re++ ad$u+" ad$u+"'e 'e"+7 "+7 b7 Solve &or &or "(e e4 e!6(" e!6(" o& "(e bu!ld! bu!ld!66 .!%lude .!%lude "(e +el&=4e! +el&=4e!6(" 6(" o& "(e $o!+" $o!+" alread#17 alread#17 %7 Ive+"!6a" Ive+"!6a"ee 4(e"(er 4(e"(er "(e d!'e+!o d!'e+!o++ 4!ll be +a&e due due "o "(e allo4able allo4able bed! bed!66 +"re++, +(ear!6 +(ear!6 +"re++, ad de&le%"!o7

30

e!6(" due "o ael+ E /a 0L Pa LL Pa 9-8 7-9: :79 9-8 7-9: :79 9-8 79339 :79 9-8 7-9: :79 9-8 7-9: :79 9-8 79339 :79 9-8 7;9 :79

: .N'31 78787878787878-

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

W DL=

ϒ

 .N'1 :7- :7- :7:33 :7- :7- :7:33 79-9-

( panel (t ))( )) (quantity ) 2

W spacing (¿¿ DL+ W ¿ )¿ 1 W =¿

e!6(" due "o all S"ud+

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

L .4all1 '

( .'1

+ .'1

b .'1

d .'1

: .N'31

 ;  8  9 3

78 78 78 78 78 78 78

 7  7  7  7  7  7  7

7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7;

7: 7: 7: 7: 7: 7: 7:

78787878787878-

*ua"!"# .%+1  9 : :  :; ;

 .N1  7:3:; 7:9- 73383  788: 7:3

quantity = L / s

31

W =

ϒ

( bdh)( quantity ) length ( s )

#There are no area of openings. #Some ha$e %ero weights &ecase those floor areas do not contain interior walls. #Vales of &' d' and s came from !S(P Ta&le ).*+.

e!6(" due "o all+ .Ba#o 4a+ u+ed1 ( .'1  78  78  78  78  78  78  78

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

" .'1 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

 .6'31 7 7 7 7 7 7 7

: .N'31 73: 73: 73: 73: 73: 73: 73:

 .N'1 7:-:8 7:-:8 7:-:8 7:-:8 7:-:8 7:-:8 7:-:8

W = ϒ th

#The $ale of t is assmed ,.- x * as it is side &/ side0

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

8T 9:N2,; :739 :7;;:7;- :7;8 :7::: :73:7-8:-

 .N1 7:837;:3 379:89 379:78337:;9 7-;

/ .N'1 7:837;:3 7898 379:73: ;7:99: 7

b .''1 : : : : : : : 32

V =

W T length ( s ) 2

length ( s )

¿ ¿ ¿2 W T ¿ M =¿

#The &readth ,&0 is assmed.

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

Bed!6 Fb ./a1 d .''1 7; 878 7; 87 7; :97;9: 7; 897-8 7; -7-: 7; ::783-8 7; -7

S(ear!6 Fv ./a1 d .''1 79 :9799 79 :7 79 :7;;39 79 78; 79 :87:; 79 7; 79 79-9

F b =

F v =

0e&le%"!o .a1 .''1 d .''1 ::7:::: :;-7883 ::7:::: :;-7883 :378889 :739 ::7:::: :;-7883 7:;;7-:9 :378889 :739 873333 :879:8;

d< 9,,; 156 156 !!6 156 56 !!6 1)6

6 M

bd

2

3 V 2 bd

33

384 E

(

bd

12

¿ δ =

3

5W

)

4

¿

L

#Sol$e the depth ,d0 for the following e1ations and get the maximm ,d20

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

le .'1   ;   ; 3 l e =l u

Ad$u+"'e" due "o Sledere++ C+ C 824621 :73;3 824621 :73;3 104881 :73;3 824621 :73;3 824621 :73;3 104881 :73;3 6245 :73;3

Fb ./a1 23952185 23952185 23066488 23952185 23952185 23066488 24319804

Single span &eam niforml/ distri&ted

C s=

√

le d 2

b

C k =0.811 √ E E / F b

#"f (s 3 -' 

F b = F b

#"f - 3 (s 3 (k

C s C k k 1

− ¿

1

3

¿ ¿  F b = F b ¿ #"f (k 3 (s 3 4-

34



F b =

e4 :7: :7 :7-:8 :7- :7:;9:78:8 :78--8

Bed!6 / 78; 3788 ;73-37;; 73 ;7-: 7::

&b ;79:; 78:97;-9 -73:837993-73 7-

)e'ar+ Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok

0.438 E

C s

2

S(ear!6  78; 3788 79 37;; 7897;39 78:-

&v 7;:7898 799 73:: 7:8 7393 73:8

)e'ar+ Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok Ok

0e&le%"!o  ::78- :37-:7:::7-3 7-3; :-7:83 878;

)e'ar+ ok ok ok ok ok ok ok

W new =W T + ϒ bd 

#"f f& 3 F&2' the dimensions is safe against &ending' else' change dimension. #"f f$ 3 F$' the dimensions is safe against shearing' else' change dimension. #"f 5 3 5 a' the dimensions is safe against shearing' else' change dimension. I.C D#(/n o4 B#+,( +nd Grd#r( Pro%edure Par" :7 Solv!6 &or To"al e!6(" "o be %arr!ed b# @o!+"+ a7 b7 %7 d7 e7 &7

Ge" "(e "(e To"al To"al e!6(" e!6(" due due ""oo Floor Floor S(ea"( S(ea"(!6 !6 Cal%ula"e Cal%ula"e "(e "(e Area Area o& Oe! Oe!6+ 6+ o& all+ all+ 4!"(! 4!"(! "(e "(e Floor Floor @o!+"+ @o!+"+ C(oo+e C(oo+e "(e "(e S"ud S"ud 0!'e+!o 0!'e+!o+ + &ro' &ro' NSCP NSCP Table Table 737 Ge" "(e To"al To"al e!6(" e!6(" due "o all S"ud+ S"ud+ 4!"(! "(e "(e Floor @o!+"+ %o+!der!6 %o+!der!6 Area o& Oe!6+ Oe!6+ Ge" "(e To"al e!6(" e!6(" due "o all+ all+ 4!"(! "(e "(e Floor @o!+"+ %o+!der!6 Area o& Oe!6+ Su' Su' u all all "(e "(e e!6( e!6("+ "+77

Par" 7 0e+!6 "(e 0!'e+!o+ o& "(e Floor @o!+"+ a7 b7 %7 d7

A++u'e A++u'e "(e 4!d"( 4!d"( .b1 .b1 o& "(e "(e &loor &loor $o!+"7 $o!+"7 Ge" "(e "(e 'aJ!'u' 'aJ!'u' +(ear +(ear ad ad 'aJ!'u' 'aJ!'u' 'o'e" 'o'e" due due "o "(e "o"al "o"al 4e!6( 4e!6("7 "7 Solve &or &or "(e de"( de"( .d1 u+!6 "(e allo4a allo4able ble bed!6 bed!6 +"re++, +"re++, +(ear!6 +(ear!6 +"re++, +"re++, ad de&le%"!o de&le%"!o7 7 Ge" "(e 'aJ!' 'aJ!'u' u' d a'o6 a'o6 "(e "(e "(re "(ree7 e7

35

Par" 3 a7 Solve Solve &or +"re++ +"re++ ad$u+" ad$u+"'e 'e"+7 "+7 b7 Solve &or &or "(e e4 e!6(" e!6(" o& "(e bu!ld! bu!ld!66 .!%lude .!%lude "(e +el&=4e! +el&=4e!6(" 6(" o& "(e $o!+" $o!+" alread#17 alread#17 %7 Ive+"!6a" Ive+"!6a"ee 4(e"(er 4(e"(er "(e d!'e+!o d!'e+!o++ 4!ll be +a&e due due "o "(e allo4able allo4able bed! bed!66 +"re++, +(ear!6 +(ear!6 +"re++, ad de&le%"!o7

Bea' G!rder F=B: F3=B: F=B: F:=B: F=B F3=BM F=BM F:=B FC=B: F0=B FE=B:

Le6"( .'1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;   

FA=B: FA=B FA=B3 FB=B: FB=B

  ;  

@o!+" .le&"1  : : :  : : :  8 8

e!6(" due "o @o!+"+ ad Floor S(ea"(!6 @o!+" .r!6("1 .l=$o!+"1 .r=$o!+"1 )e+ul"a" . .N1 :  78;:98 87;:98 : 78;:98 78;:98 ;-739 : 78;:98 79;83 -:78-8:  79;83  79;83 :  78;:98 87;:98 : 78;:98  87;:98 :  79;83 79;83  79;83  79;83 8  789-;; 79;-9; 8 789-;; 78:-; 979:9:  78:-;  7;3398

8 9:N2,; -.56)%=> 11.)6?5=! 1).!=5->! ?.-=%1>> -.56)%=> -.56)%=> ?.-=%1>> ?.-=%1>> 1.5%=)?=1 5.%5!=?6% -.>%%)=1!

NO @OIST

36

FB=B3 F0=B: F0=B3

;  ;

#Those with asterisks are girders. !esultant =

∑ W ∗quantity W = !esultant ∗ Length

F=B: F3=B: F=B: F:=B: F=B F3=BM F=BM F:=B FC=B: F0=B FE=B:

FA=B: FA=B FA=B3 FB=B:

A.4all1 ' :

: :

: ::7 

::7 ::7 :

Oe!6 A.oe!61 ' Area .'1  : No all+ No all+ :7; :7;  : No all+ No all+ :7; :7;  ::7 No all+  

3 7; 7-;

87 879; :37;

K :

8978;-:3 :

8978;-:3 : :

-37:8;-979:-:3 978;-:

No all+ 37

FB=B FB=B3 F0=B: F0=B3

::7



::7

:

97 :

87:8;-: 8;7-:8;-

No all+ ::7 :

 

" = " ( wall )− " ( #pening )

(

=

)

" ∗100 " ( wall )

38


FA=B: FA=B FA=B3 FB=B: FB=B FB=B3 F0=B: F0=B3

W ( ( i )=

e!6(" due "o S"ud+ *ua"!"# : .'31 d .'1 .%+1  7: 789 No all+ No all+  7: 789  7: 789 No all+ No all+  7: 789  7: 78No all+  7: 78-

( .'1  78

+ .'1 7

b .'1 7;

 78  78

7 7

7; 7;

 78  78

7 7

7; 7;

: 7;

7

7;

 78  78  78

7 7 7

7; 7; 7;

 7:  7:  7:

 78

7

7;

 7:

 78  78

7 7

7; 7;

 7:  7:

ϒ bdh

787878No all+ 78No all+ 7878-

.!1 N 78;

8 9:N2,; 6.15%6)?)

7--;38 78;

6.1-)-656.15%6)?)

7--;38 7-9

6.1-)-656.1>?!)1-

73;:8

6.6=61!=)

9

79-7;3--- 78:889

6.1!%15>? 6.1%)))% 6.1>%55?

-

7-9

6.1>?!)1-

9

7;;-9 7-:3

6.1%?1=?) 6.1)?%!5!

( quantity )( ) 100

W = W ( (i ) / L

39



W ( ( i )=

e!6(" due "o EJ"er!or all+ .ood?Ba#o1 : .N'31  .6'31 .!1 N' 7 73: 7:-:8 No all+ No all+ 7 73: 7:-:8 7 73: 7:-:8 No all+ No all+ 7 73: 7:-:8 7 73: 7:-:8 No all+ 7 73: 7:99

( .'1 78

" .'1 7

78 78

7 7

78 78

7 7

:7;

7

78 78 78

7 7 7

7; 7; 7;

78

7

7;

78 78

7 7

7; 7;

7: 7: 7: No all+ 7: No all+ 7: 7:

8 9:N2,; 6.!)151?)

6.!1-?! 6.!)151?)

6.!1-?! 6.!)151?) 6.1!=)=!

7:8 7:8 7:8

6.1!% 6.1%)!6.1-=

7:8

6.1>?

7:8 7:8

6.1%? 6.1))

()

ϒ ht

100

W = W ( (i ) / L

40


8T 9:N2,; >.11=1>!? 11.)6?5=! 1).!=5->! ?.=>%)=%>.11=1>!? -.56)%=> ?.-=%1>> ?.=>%)=%!.1)=))= 5.%5!=?6% -.?-%11!-5-

 .N1 :;79-987;:98 3;7-39; 78-338 :;79-9:-7;9-8-8 78:9:8 78-338 798898 :7-;9 ::7-;

/ .N'1 :97:3838 3;7;-; 7-988:3 87:9:- :97:3838 :;7;9;8 7;3: 87:9:- 798898 :7-;9 ::7-;

b .''1           

E./Pa1 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8


6.!)>15>?1% 6.!>?>=!=?) 6.%!!555=6 6.%%>!)16 6.!5>1=?%56.!=!%!5!

793;33 7;3-38;978988  7-83  7;;39-; 7-38:8

793;33 7;3-38;9:788:9  7-83  7;;39-; 79:3;;

       

9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8

For &eams' W T =W ( ( $#ist ∧ %l##& sheathing sheathing ) + W ( (walls ∧studs )

V and M are sol$ed same as 6oists.

For 7irders 41

W T =W ( ( $#ist ∧ %l##& %l##& sheathin sheathing g ) + W ( (walls ∧studs )

The Shear and Moment Diagrams of the girders are o&tained. V max is e1al to the highest $ale &etween V and V* M max is the highest moment.


Bed!6 Fb ./a1 d .''1 7; :;37: 7; 8793 7; 3379:8: 7; :8;7:: 7; :;37: 7; :3-7889 7; :-3788;:7; :8;7:: 7; -7;;3:3 7; :373-3; 7; ::97-;3

S(ear!6 Fv ./a1 d .''1 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-; 79 :87-;

.a1 .''1 :3788889 :3788889 :3788889 :3788889 :3788889 :3788889 :3788889 :3788889 ::7::::: ::7::::: ::7:::::

0e&le%"!o d .''1 87:89;8 378;33;: 3-:7-9993 3:87988 87:89;8 -37-:8 3:37-;8:9 3:87988 :;87:;;9 387;; 78;8

d< 9,,; %66 %>6 %=6 %%6 %66 !=6 %%6 %%6 156 !-6 !)6

42


7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7;

7;;3;;3 ;7;:9-: 3;7:99  879;-93  7---: 337;8

79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79

Ad$u+"'e" due "o Sledere++ C+ C Fb ./a1 878;3 :73 7; 979; :73 7; 97-:73 7; 87899 :73 7; 878;3 :73 7; 873:73 7; 87899 :73 7; 87899 :73 7; ;7-:3: :73 7; 798 :73 7; 7-88 :73 7;

le .'1 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 97 -78 -78 -78

-78 -78 97 -78 -78 97 -78 97

7:;9 7:;9 ;73 7;3 738:8 -797:;9 ;73

:73 :73 :73 :73 :73 :73 :73 :73

7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7;

:87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-;

::7::::: ::7::::: :3788889 ::7::::: ::7::::: :3788889 ::7::::: :3788889

-78;-;9 -97-9398 :;78;93  8;7:-8  -978898::7;

Ad$u+"'e" due "o S!ze Fa%"or C& Fb ./a1 :7 7; 79-99 7879-:3 37-9: 7989; 7:9 :7 7; :7 7; 7989; 7:9 7989; 7:9 :7 7; :7 7; :7 7;

:7:3: :7:3: :7:- :73 :7:98 :73 :7:3: :7:-

878 878 -7:;;73: -789 ;73: 878 -7:;-

=6 =6 1!6 166 166 166 =6 1!6

F<& 9M*+; !).!).66?>5%> !%.5=>6=> !).!)1=1%!).!).!).!)1=1%!).!)1=1%!).!).!).-

!).!).!).!).!).!).!).!).-

Ad6stment de de to slenderness factor 300

1

¿

9

d   F b =¿

43

Bed!6

S(ear!6

e4 .N'1

/ .N'1

&b ./a1

)e'ar+

7;3:

799

7833

O:

::793

3-7:9-

87:;

O:

:7833

73;3-

97:-

O:

97:-

97-

87:-

O:

7;3:

799

7833

o:

7:-

78:-

87:3--

o:

97

87-

-7-8-9

o:

97:7389

3:79;-3 7-;9

878379-3

o: o:

-7-:3

:;73-

-7--

o:

7:8-

:73;;

73

7398 7393 78- 73:;9 7-3 73:;9 73998 7;-:

7-39 7-8 :7;373:8 79- 798-: 7-99 :78;

7-39: 79;9 37:- 73;83 78:; 7;;98 79:; 79-:

0e&le%"!o

&v ./a1

)e'ar+

 .''1

)e'ar+

78

o:

:7--

o:

7

o:

:7-3-

o:

7-:3:

o:

:78;

o:

7;3;

o:

:378

o:

78

o:

:7--

o:

788

o:

:79-

o:

7;898

o:

:7;8

o:

7;3; 7:3

o: o:

:378 979:8-

o: o:

73

o:

:799:

o:

o:

 .N1 :738  97-;8  3-783  37;: 8 :738  :87;9 8 ;79; : 37;: 8 7-;9 :;73 :73; ;

738

o:

97::

o:

o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

7-39 7-8 :7:9 73:8 79- 7-897-99 :7:8

7: 7; 7- 7 7-: 7;8 7 7-:

o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

:73-3: ::78 :78-7;39 978:79 ::7:;3 :37-8

o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

44

II. GROUND FLOOR

II.A D#(/n o4 Foor S"#+t"n6 S"#+t"n6

Slab S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

S(ea"(!6 0!'e+!o+ .'1 +a%!6.+1 ael."1

le6"( .+ .+1

le6"(.l1

ael.41

Qua"!"#



;

7

7:

7

:



;

7

7:

7

:

;

;

7

7:

7

:-



;

7

7:

7

:





7

7:

7

:

;

;

7

7:

7

:-

3



7

7:

7

:

II.B D#(/n o4 Foor Jo(t(

45

: .N'31 S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

e!6(" due "o ael+ E /a 0L Pa LL Pa

 .N'1

78-

9- 8

7-9:

:79

:7-

78-

9- 8

7-9:

:79

:7-

78-

9- 8

79339

:79

:7:33

78-

9- 8

7-9:

:79

:7-

78-

9- 8

7-9:

:79

:7-

78-

9- 8

79339

:79

:7:33

78-

9- 8

7;9

:79

79-9-

e!6(" due "o all S"ud+

S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

L .4all1 '

( .'1

+ .'1

b .'1

d .'1

: .N'31

*ua"!"# .%+1

 .N1



37

7

7;

7:

78-

-

7-9:



37

7

7;

7:

78-





;

37

7

7;

7:

78-

9

7:9---

;7;

37

7

7;

7:

78-

:

7-8



37

7

7;

7:

78-





;

37

7

7;

7:

78-

9

7:9---



37

7

7;

7:

78-





46

e!6(" due "o all+ .Ba#o 4a+ u+ed1 S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

( .'1

" .'1

 .6'31

: .N'31

 .N'1

37

7

7

73:

7-;

37

7

7

73:

7-;

37

S=: S= S=3 S=

8T 9:N2,;

37

7::3

37

:7339

37

:7-

37

:7:8

S=; S= S=-

7 7

7

7

78-8

7

7:9

7

373-:

7 7 7 7 7

73:

7-;

/ .N'1

b .''1

73: 7 73: 78-8 73: ;7373: 373-:

7-; :  7-; :  7-; :  7-; : 

:7339

78-8

78-8

: 

:7-

7:9

;73-

: 

:7;

:788

:7:3

: 

Bed!6 Fb ./a1 d .''1 S=: S= S=3 S= S=; S= S=-

 .N1

S(ear!6 Fv ./a1 d .''1

0e&le%"!o .a1 .''1 d .''1

d< 9,,;

7;

::7-3:8

79

;7

::7::::

:;-7883

156

7;

8:7:3:;

79

:979;-:

::7::::

:;-7883

156

7;

::79:8

79

:78-

:378889

:739

!!6

7;

8973-

79

:79:8

::7::::

:;-7883

156

7;

8:7:3:;

79

:979;-:

::7::::

:;-7883

156

7;

::79:8

79

:78-

:378889

:739

!!6

7;

;878;:

79

:9793

873333

::;7:-

1%6

e4

Bed!6 /

S(ear!6 

)e'ar+

0e&le%"!o 

&b

)e'ar+

&v

)e'ar+

79-

7;9;

97;8

ok

7;9;

7393;

ok

:87;:

ok

:7

79:3

79

ok

79:3

7;-8

ok

:7:;9;

ok

:7-;8-

;79;8

78:3

ok

739

7998

ok

:79

ok

:7-3;3

37-

-7;

ok

37-

73

ok

:7:

ok

:7 :7-;8-

79:3 ;79;8

79 78:3

ok

79:3 739

7;-8 7998

ok

:7:;9; :79

ok

:73;3

:7;:3

;73-3:

S=: S= S=3 S=

-78

::73

:73

78;3

-78

::73

:73

78;3

97

:7;3-

:73

:97:;;

-78

::73

:73

78;3

le .'1

ok

ok

Ad$u+"'e" due "o Sledere++ ok 7:-9 738 ok -79 C+ C Fb ./a1

ok ok

47

II.C D#(/n o4 B#+,(

F=B: F3=B: F=B: F:=B: F=B F3=B F=B F:=B F0=B FE=B:

FA=B: FA=B FA=B3 FB=B:

Le6"( .'1 ; ; ; ; ; ; ; ;  

  ; 

@o!+" .le&"1  : : :  : : : 8 8

e!6(" due "o @o!+"+ ad Floor S(ea"(!6 @o!+" .r!6("1 .l=$o!+"1 .r=$o!+"1 )e+ul"a" .N1 :  7;98 7;98 : 7;98 7;98 897:8938 : 7;98 739; 887;::3  739;  379; :  7;98 7;98 : 7;98 7;98 897:8938 : 7;98 739; 887;::3  739;  379; 8  7:-899 :7:3:-;  7:-899  :7:3:-;

8 9:N2,; ?.=1?=%>? 15.?%5?5%> 15.51!!!>? ?.5=%!= ?.=1?=%>? 15.?%5?5%> 15.51!!!>? ?.5=%!= ).6%-5=%? ).6%-5=%?

Bea'+ 4!"(ou" $o!+"+ NO @OIST

48

FB=B FB=B3 F0=B: F0=B3

 ;  ;

49

From the table shown, looking at the highest axial load (Column 7), the interaction value is 0.617006, which is less than 1, thus using !0 mm x 00 mm as the si"e o# the column is sa#e #or the structure.

Oe!6 A.4all1 ' :

: :

: :78

:78 :78 : :78

:78 :

A.oe!61 '  No all+ No all+   No all+ No all+  No all+ 

 37- ; 73 No all+  No all+ 7 ; 73

Area .'1 :

K :

: :

: :

:

:

:78

:

:78 97 :7-

873-; -7; 78-;

:78

:

87; :7-

7-:8; 78-;

50

e!6(" due "o S"ud+ ( .'1 37

+ .'1  7

b .'1 7;

d .'1 7:

37 37

 7  7

7; 7;

7: 7:

37

 7

7;

7:

37

 7

7;

7:

37 37 37

 7  7  7

7; 7; 7;

7: 7: 7:

: .'31 *ua"!"# .+%1 789 No all+ No all+ 789 789 No all+ No all+ 789 No all+ 78-

787878-

.!1 N 79888;

8 9:N2,; 6.1=555

79888; 79888;

6.1=555 6.1=555

79888;

6.1=555

7-9:

6.1=!!?

9

7893 7;3:8 7:9

6.1>!!% 6.1%-5= 6.1%!!>

-

7-9:

6.1=!!?

9

7;:3: 7:9

6.1!?!? 6.1%!!>

No all+ 37

 7

7;

7:

78No all+

37 37

 7  7

7; 7;

7: 7:

7878-

51

37

e!6(" due "o EJ"er!or all+ .ood?Ba#o1 : " .'1  .6'31 .N'31 .!1 N N' 8 9:N2,; 7 6.!5>! 7 73: 7-; No all+ No all+ 7 6.!5>! 7 73: 7-; 7 6.!5>! 7 73: 7-; No all+ No all+ 7 6.!5>! 7 73: 7-; No all+ 7 6.!5>! 7 73: 7-;

37 37 37

 7  7  7

7; 7; 7;

37

 7

7;

37 37

 7  7

7; 7;

( .'1 37

37 37

37

7: 7: 7: No all+ 7: No all+ 7: 7:

7:9 7:9 7:9

6.1>! 6.1%-> 6.1!?)

7:9

6.1=!

7:9 7:9

6.1!?1 6.1!?)

52

To"al  8T 9:N2,; =.%=!=> 15.?%5= 15.51!! =.!>5%1 =.%=!=> 15.?%5= 15.51!! =.!>5%1 ).6%-5= ).-6)%!

0e+!6 Para'e"er+  .N1 37839 7;98 78;37:8-3 37839 7;98 78;37:8-3 87-:;8- 978388

/ .N'1 973;99 ;;7-33 ;;73;-: 8793 973;99 ;;7-33 ;;73;-: 8793 87-:;88 97839

b .''1          

E ./a1 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8

6.%!)!% 6.!51%= 6.!>6>> 6 6.%?)!? 6 6.!->%? 6.!>6>>

78;8 7;-899 7;::  7-8;;  7;:-83 7;::

78 7;-9 78:;;8  7-8;;  7;:-8 78:;;8

       

9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8 9-8

53

Bed!6

S(ear!6

Fb ./a1 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7;

d .''1 :897;89 :77339 :8873: :897;89 :77339 :8873: 997::8 :;78;

Fv ./a1 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79

d .''1 :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-;

0e&le%"!o .a1 .''1 d .''1 :378889 337:88 :378889 7;39 :378889 39973::93 :378889 3:7-;3 :378889 337:88 :378889 7;39 :378889 39973::93 :378889 3:7-;3 ::7:::: :9;7::3 ::7:::: 738933

7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7;

87:-8-: ;7-83 3:7;8:9  37--9  ;7;-; 3:7;8:9

79 79 79 79 79 79 79 79

:87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-; :87-;

::7:::: ::7:::: :378889 ::7:::: ::7:::: :378889 ::7:::: :378889

87:9;9 -9733;8 9-78;39- 8979:; --78;9 9-78;39--

d< 9,,; 3  : 3 3  : 3 : 

: 9 :: : : : 9 :

54

le .'1 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 9 7 -78 -78

-78 -78 9 7 -78 -78 9 7 -78 9 7

Ad$u+"'e" due "o Sledere++ C+ C Fb ./a1 9733:73 7; :7399 :73 7; 979:98 :73 7; 9733:73 7; 9733:73 7; :7399 :73 7; 979:98 :73 7; 9733:73 7; 7398 :73 7; 7993 :73 7;

738:-8 7:;9 ;7:389 738:-8 738:-8 789898 7:;9 ;73;

:73 :73 :73 :73 :73 :73 :73 :73

7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7; 7;

Ad$u+"'e" due "o S!ze Fa%"or C& Fb ./a1 F<& 9M*+; 798:89 7::3 !).1>1>) 7933 379;8 !%.>66=> 79;88-: 373; !%.>>)!% 798:89 7::3 !).1>1>) 798:89 7::3 !).1>1>) !).: 7; 79;88-: 373; !%.>>)!% 798:89 7::3 !).1>1>) !).: 7; !).: 7;

:7:3:3;3 :7::-99 :7:983: :7:983: :7:983: :7:3:3;3 :7:-:-3 :7:-:-3

878:; -7389 -788;9 -788;9 -788;9 878:; -7:;-3 -7:;-3

!).!).!).!).!).!).!).!).-

55

e4 978;99: :-783-8- :-7-:97-3; 978;99: :-783-8- :-7-:97-3; 73;-938 78-

7:;-9 739;9 7::-3 7:3-3 7;:: 7:3-3 73-999: 7;

/ 378: ;;7-3 ;;73;37:9 378: ;;7-3 ;;73;37:9 87-:;9 97:93

Be Bed!6 &b -799; 978: 978-8:8 -7893; -799; 978: 978-8:8 -7893; ;7988 ;79;83

)e'ar+ o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

 798 7;978 733;798 7;978 733;87-:;9 97:93

S(ear!6 &v )e'ar+ o: 7;3-; o: 7-933 o: 78:: o: 7;38 o: 7;3-; o: 7-933 o: 78:: o: 7;38 o: 788o: 73--:

793:; 7-9 :78 7-8 :733 79:9 7-;998 :739;8

7-9 79;93 37:98 78 37:9:78-; 78:- 7-99

o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

793:; 7-9 :7933 7-8 :733 7333; 7-;998 :73-

79 7;83 7-:8 7 7-8 7;-; 7333 78

o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

0e&le%"!o  )e'ar+ o: :7;o: :7 o: :7838 o: :73;: o: :7;o: :7 o: :7838 o: :73;: o: 879::-3 o: 973::

9739: ::78 :;73 788;9 :778;9: :7;9; :799

o: o: o: o: o: o: o: o:

56

57

%.! D#(/n Proc#(( 4or Purn(0 Tru((0 +nd Cou,n( I. D#(/n o4 Purn( #,o)eu,e

1 Dete,mine t(e etails o+ t(e t,uss .(ei(t lent( s-a)in o+ t,uss an s-a)in o+ -u,lins 2 Cal)ulate all t(e loas t(at 'ill a)t on t(e -u,lins .#u,lin Sel+ ei(t &oo+ S(eat(in ei(t &oo+ Li;e Loa an in Loa 3 &esol;e &esol;e all t(e loas into < an  )om-onents t(en t(en sum u- 4 Sol;e +o, t(e =enin s(ea,in an e>e)tion t(en )(e) 'it( t(e allo'a=le .'it( a?ustments

T&USS D"T!$LS D"T!$LS T,uss T,uss T,uss T,uss /ei(t

T,uss T,uss Base

T,uss T,uss Lent(

1

250

1000

150

2

250

1000

300

3

250

1000

300

4

250

1000

350

5

250

1000

200

6

150

400

150

7

150

400

150

@< 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 05 0 07 5 07 5

A .e,ees 2657 2657 2657 2657 2657 3687 3687

$russ length is the tributar% length o# the truss being considered. %&x is e'ual to the truss height height divided b% hal# o# the truss length.  is the angle o# the truss.

58

#U&L$N D"T!$LS = .mm 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0 1500 0

 .mm 1000 0 1000 0 1000 0 1000 0 1000 0 1000 0 1000 0

s-a)in .mm

< s-a)in

040

03578

040

03578

040

03578

040

03578

040

03578

040

03200

040

03200

$

$

1250000 0 1250000 0 1250000 0 1250000 0 1250000 0 1250000 0 1250000 0

2812500 0 2812500 0 2812500 0 2812500 0 2812500 0 2812500 0 2812500 0

$he base (b), deth (d), and sacing (s) are the assumed dimensions o# the urlins. *+sacing *+sacing is the hori"ontal comonent o# the sacing. sacing. x is the moment o# inertia with resect to x (bd - &1), while % is the moment o# inertia with resect to % (db- &1)

T(e loains )onsie,e a,e t(e ea loas o+ t(e sel+'ei(t sel+'ei(t o+ t(e -u,lins -u,lins an t(e ,oo+ ,oo+ s(eat(in s(eat(in t(e ,oo+ ,oo+ li;e loa loa an t(e 'in 'in loa a)tin no,mal to t(e ,oo+ e,ti)al Loas 59

Dea Loa #u,lin Sel+ei(t : "  .N@m3 .M#a .N@m

Li;e Loa &oo+ S(eat(in : t .N@m .LL# .LLN@ .N@m3 .mm  a m

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00309

07500

02683

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00309

07500

02683

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00309

07500

02683

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00309

07500

02683

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00309

07500

02683

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00276

07000

02240

68670

9780

01030

43164

20

00276

07000

02240

Total

0.402 2 0.402 2 0.402 2 0.402 2 0.402 2 0.354  0.354 

$he urlin /el#+eight is e'ual to the roduct o# the unit weight o# the concrete and the dimension b and d. $he roo# sheathing weight is e'ual to the unit weight o# the wood used times the thickness times the hori"ontal roection o# the sacing s acing o# urlins. $he live load (roo#) came #rom 2/C $able 0!+- 3 4inimum 5oo# ive oad oads. s. $he $he valu value e then then is mult multi ili lied ed to the the hori" hori"on onta tall ro roec ecti tion on o# the the sacing.

Slo-in $ND LO!D L.# a 1800 0 1800 0 1800 0 1800 0 1800 0 1800 0

!L"#N/ $% 0.&200 0.&200 0.&200 0.&200 0.&200 0.&200

60

1800 0

0.&200

$he onl% sloing load acting on the truss is the wind load. $he value o# the wind load is assumed. . LO!D COM#ON"NTS

T!N%"NT$! L

Total 1046 2 1046 2 1046 2 1046 2 1046 2 0930 6 0930 6

L.N@m

NO&M!L DLEL L.N@m L.N@m L 0402 06440 2 0402 06440 2 0402 06440 2 0402 06440 2 0402 06440 2 0354 05760 6 0354 05760 6

03220 03220 03220 03220 03220 04320 04320

$he loads in both x and % axes (tangential and normal) are then summed u.

D"S$%N #!&!M"T"&S S(ea, ; 2490 0 2490 0 2490 0

< 0241 5 0483 0 0483 0

Benin  0784 7 1569 3 1569 3

= 245000 245000 245000

M< 0090 6 0362 2 0362 2

De>e)tion M 0294 2 1177 0 1177 0

F .mm 41667 83333 83333 61

2490 0 2490 0 2490 0 2490 0

0563 5 0322 0 0324 0 0324 0

1830 9 1046 2 0698 0 0698 0

245000 245000 245000 245000

0493 1 0161 0 0121 5 0121 5

1602 0 0523 1 0261 7 0261 7

97222 55556 41667 41667

e then get the design arameters #rom the wood roerties, allowable shearing and bending stresses. Formula #or beams are used to get the comonents o# the shear and moment to be alied. $he allowable deection is &-60 and actual a ctual deection is e'ual to !wl &-98:. 8

ST&"SS !DJUSTM"NTS

St,ess !?ustments !?ustment ue to Ot(e, !?ustments Slene,ness le G= .m Cs C .M-a 28 3577 Non 8 71 e 245 57 5059 Non 6 64 e 245 57 5059 Non 6 64 e 245 ;ll adustments #actors are e'ual e'ual to 1.0 67 5465 Non 2 04 e 245 38 4131 Non 4 18 e 245 28 3577 Non 8 71 e 245 28 3577 Non 8 71 e 245 Formula used #or this is alread% resented in the comutation o# oists and beams.

62

$N"ST$%!T$ON S(ea,in + T T 0024 1 0048 3 0048 3 0056 3 0032 2 0032 4 0032 4

+ N N 0078 5 0156 9 0156 9 0183 1 0104 6 0069 8 0069 8

Benin +  0082 1 0164 2 0164 2 0191 6 0109 5 0077 0 0077 0

OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI

+ =T =T 036 22 144 90 144 90 197 22 064 40 048 60 048 60

+ =N =N 0784 7 3138 6 3138 6 4272 0 1394 9 0698 0 0698 0

+ = 114 69 458 76 458 76 624 42 203 89 118 40 118 40

OH I OH I OH I OH I OH I OH I OH I

F T .mm 0173 6 2777 9 2777 9 5146 5 0548 7 0232 9 0232 9

De>e)tion FN F .mm .mm 0305 02507 0 4879 40115 5 4879 40115 5 9039 74318 8 0963 07924 8 0322 02230 5 0322 02230 5

OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI

$o get the shearing stress, we get the s'uare root o# o # the sum o# the s'uares o# the x and % shearing stresses. $o get the bending stress, we add the bending stresses in the x and % directions. $o get the deection, we get the s'uare root o# the sum o# the s'uares s'ua res o# the x and % deections. # the value is less than the allowable, the dimensions are sa#e, else redesign.

63

II. D#(/n o4 Tru(( $n t(is -a,t onl t(e ),iti)al -a,t is su=?e)te to esin T(e imension t(at 'ill =e taen 'ill also =e a--lie a --lie to all ot(e, t,usses

#,o)eu,e 1 Dete,mine all t(e loas a)tin on t(e t,uss .)onsie, onl onl t(e ;e,ti)al +o,)es 2 #ut all t(e uni+o,m uni+o,m loas into t(e ?oints o+ t(e t,uss 3 Com-ute +o, t(e ,ea)tion ,ea)tion an t(e a
T&USS Lent( 10

 2266 11

S(eat(i n 00863 28

#U&L$NS uanti -u,lins t 01030 05 22

LO!DS &oo+ in LL Loa 1609968 075 94

&oo+ Beam 041202

Ceilin  0137 34

&"SULTS Co,ne, Loa oa 438480 579

Mi T,us ,uss 8311811 573

Mi Ceilin 09156

$o get the 'uantit% o# the urlins, we divide the length o# the truss (sloing) to the sum o# the sacing and width o# a urlin. e then multil% it b% . $o get the vertical loads on the truss, we get the ressures (vertical comonent) o# the sheathing, roo# live load, wind load, and weight due to the urlins and multil% it b% the length. $o get the vertical loads on the ceiling, we get the ceiling load and the roo# beam then multil% b% the length o# that beam. 64

;#ter getting the loads, the% are are now laced in the oints.

e then solve the reactions and the axial #orces in the truss. ($he axial #orces in each member is shown s hown in the next table.

T,uss T,uss

=



!
Di,e)ti

)

)G

#@!

&ema, &ema, 65

Mem=e,

on

!B

75

100

BD

75

100

D

75

100

!C

75

100

C"

75

100

"%

75

100

4567 8 4424 1 3886 5 4045 1 3698 4 2837 1

JH

75

100

/$

75

%

s

C

158

C

158

C

158

T

158

T

158

T

158

5716

C

158

100

9395

C

158

75

100

2603

T

158

CD

75

100

T

158

$

75

100

T

158

JL

75

100

C

158

J/

75

100

C

158

/

75

100

C

158

HL

75

100

C

158

$H

75

100

C

158

%$

75

100

4756 1278 7 4567 8 4424 1 3886 5 4045 1 3698 4 2837 1

C

158

BC

75

100

5716

C

158

D"

75

100

9395

C

158

/H

75

100

C

158

"

75

100

4756 1278 7

C

158

107595 046 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 811323 405 953430 476 953430 476 953430 476 953430 476 953430 476 953430 476 953430 476

60904

OHI

58988

OHI

5182 53934 67

OHI

49312

OHI

37828 07621 33 12526 67 03470 67 06341 33 17049 33

OHI

60904

OHI

58988

OHI

5182 53934 67

OHI

49312

OHI

37828 07621 33 12526 67 06341 33 17049 33

OHI

OHI

OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI

OHI

OHI OHI OHI OHI

;#ter getting all axial #orces, we tr% the dimensions i# it is sa#e #or the allowable comressive stress.

66

III. D#(/n o4 Cou,n( #,o)eu,e

1 Com-ute Com-ute all t(e loas t(at is -asse to t(e )olumns .+,om .+,om =eams an t,usses )onsie,in =ot( K,st an se)on >oo,s 2 Desin t(e e))ent,i)ities o+ t(e loas 3 Usin t(e assume imensions o+ t(e )olumns )om-ute t(e a)tual )om-,essi;e )om-,essi;e st,ess an t(e a)tual =enin st,esses 4 Use t(e inte,a)tion +o,mula to ete,mine i+ t(e imensions use a,e aeuate +o, t(e st,u)tu,e COLUMN

1st loo,

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 1 0 1 1 1 2 1 3

&"!CT$ONS O #1 #2 0615 0433 0615 0537 0537 35744 0807 22409 0433 15298 28522 0672 0672 35744 22409 22409 15298 0552

B"!MS .N #3 #4 28522 0807

14261 21483

&OM T&USS .N

Sum .N 1048 29675 37088 23216 15731 43455 57899 44817 15850

0552

14261

14746

29559

14746

21483

0731

36960

22409

0731

11706

23140 11706 67

2n loo,

1 4 1 5 1 6 1 7 1 8 1 9 2 0 2 1 2 2 2 3 2 4 2 5 2 6 2 7 2 8

11706

11706

0824

1030

9410

11264

0824

0824

1030

9410

12088

0824

1030

1030

9410

12294

0824

1030

9410

11264

1030

1030

36090

38150

1030

1030

36090

38150

1030

1030

36090

38150

1030

1030

36090

38150

1030

0824

9410

11264

0824

1030

0824

9410

12706

0618

1030

1030

9410

12912

1030

1030

9410

11470

0618

0824

9410

10852

0618

0824

9410

10852

061 8 082 4

T(e ta=le s(o's t(e ,ea)tions +,om t(e =eams .# an +,om t(e t,uss T(e K,st >oo, )olumns )a,, t(e loas +,om t(e 2 n >oo,s =eams '(ile t(e se)on >oo, )olumns )a,, t(e loas +,om t(e ,oo+ =eams an t,usses T(e num=e, o+ # loas ini)ate t(e num=e, o+ =eams )a,,ie = t(e )olumn $he loads are obtained #rom the reaction o# beams #rom the revious chaters. $o $o get the total load acting on the column, we add all these loads.

Loa "))ent,i)ities

68

e<  50 mm e  375 mm

e<  0 mm e  25 mm

e<  50 mm e  50 mm

69

To To sol;e +o, t(e e))ent,i)ities e))ent,i)ities o+ t(e +o,)es t(e )onta)t a,eas o+ t(e =eams a,e K,st )om-ute To sol;e +o, t(e )ent,oi o+ t(e a,eas 'e use t(e a,inons t(eo,em e 'ill t(en no' t(e istan)e o+ t(e )ent,oi o+ t(e a,eas to t(e )ent,oi o+ t(e )olumn &ea)tion +,om t(e t,usses a,e assume to =e )on)ent,i)

Desin #a,amete,s Columns 1ST L& 1 2 3 4 5 6 7

!
e< .mm

e .mm

= .M#a

) .M#a

" .M#a

50

375

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

0 0

0 0

245 245

158 158

9780 97 9780

70

8 9 10 11 12 13 14 15 16 17 18 19 20 2ND L&

21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

44817 47 15850 3 29559 35 36959 69 23139 55 11706 23 11706 23 11264 09 12088 13 12294 14 11264 09 38150 1 38150 1 38150 1 38150 1 11264 09 12706 16 12912 17 11470 1 10852 07 10852 07

0

25

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

0

0

245

158

9780

0

0

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

0

0

245

158

9780

0

0

245

158

9780

0

25

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

0

0

245

158

9780

0

0

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

50

375

245

158

9780

71

Column #,o-e,ties ( .m 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

= .mm 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250 250

 .mm 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200

$< .mm4 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667 166666667

$ .mm4 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667 260416667

 e

le .mm

1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1 1

36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 36 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

$he column used in this design is assumed to be siml% suorted, thus the value o# k e is 1. le is e'ual to k e(lu ).

72

Lent( T-e le@  18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 18 16 16 16 16 16 16

le@= 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 14 4 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8

H 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2

J 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9 122933 9

T-e $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T" $NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T" 73

16 16 16 16 16 16 16 16

12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8 12 8

166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2 166941 2

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

08781

$NT"&M"D$!T"

ength t%e arameters< le = 11, short column 11 = le = k, intermediate column le > k, long column '(e,e

√

E k = 0.671 Fc

¿ −11



$ =

d k −11

Com-,essi;e St,ess ) 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8

H C "

0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3

)G 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8

C"

)e@

)G .M#a

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027 74

15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8 15 8

0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3 0 3

0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8 0 8

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

9055556

0573136

763027

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

114 1460 6094 94

072 7253 5376 76

9041 04165 658 8

$he #ormula and seci?cations #or the adustment o# the comressive stress is shown in 2/C 2 /C 010, section 619. Benin St,ess Cs

C

C.<

G=<

C.

G= 75

33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 33941 13 32 32 32 32 32 32 32 32

Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e

10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82

.M-a 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07

10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65

.M#a 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 76

32 32 32 32 32 32

Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e Non e

10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82 10460 82

256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07 256290 07

10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65 10204 65

250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81 250013 81

$he interaction #ormula is e'ual to, % c

+

% bx

+

% by

F c  F bx bx− ' F c F by by − ' F c

( 1.0

here, # c is the comressive stress #rom the axial load, F c is the allowable and adusted comressive stress, # b is the actual bending stresses in x and % direction, F b is the allowable and adusted bending stresses in x and % directions.

$he value o# the interaction #ormula should be less than 1 #or the column to be ade'uate, else redesign.

$nte,a)tion o,mula + ) 00262 02 07418 7 09272 06 05803 92 03932 63

=< + =< 00294 77 05564 03 06954 04 06529 41 02949 47

= + = 00393 02

0 0 08705 88 0

)G 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28

=G< 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01

=G 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01

&esult 01039 32 03478 67 04347 72 03409 73 01844 03

&ema, s OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI 77

10863 86 14474 83 11204 37 03962 58 07389 84 09239 92 05784 89 02926 56 02926 56 02816 02 03022 03 03073 54 02816 02 09537 53 09537 53 09537 53 09537 53 02816 02 03176 54 03228 04 02867 53 02713 02 02713 02

0

0

0 08403 28 04457 9

0 0 05943 86

0

0

0

0 08677 33 04389 83 04389 83 04224 03

06508 03292 38 03292 38 03168 03 02266 52 02305 15 03168 03 07153 14

0 0 04224 03 0

0

0

0 07153 14 03168 03

0 0 04224 03

0

0

0 03225 97 03052 14 03052 14

0 04301 29 04069 53 04069 53

23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 23726 28 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36 29713 36

25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01

25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01 25629 01

04578 83 06100 76 05253 79 02327 96 03114 62 03894 38 03398 54 01719 31 01719 31 01429 65 01164 83 01184 68 01429 65 03676 19 03209 84 03209 84 03676 19 01429 65 01069 06 01086 39 01455 8 01377 36 01377 36

OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI OHI

%.% D#(/n o4 Conn#cton(

78

T(e 'a! 'a"er!al u+ed &or "(e $o!" %oe%"!o+ o& "(!+ +"ru%"ure !+ a bol" 4!"( 'e"al la"e7 All %oe%"!o+ are %o+!dered "o be ! double +(ear7

F!6ure :7 0ouble=S(ear .T(eore"!%al1

F!6ure 7 0ouble S(ear .A%"ual1

I7 Bea'=Colu' Bea'=Colu' Coe%"!o T(e "#e+ o& %oe%"!o &or bea'=%olu' deed+ o "(e u'ber o& bea'+ 4(!%( re%e!ve +uor" &ro' %olu'+7 T(e &!6ure+ belo4 +(o4 "(e d!'e+!o+ o& "(e %olu' ad "(e d!'e+!o+ "o be eJ"ra%"ed &ro' !"7 "(e

T(e broe l!e+ +(o4 "(e area "o be eJ"ra%"ed &ro' "(e %olu', ad "o be added "o "(e bea' &or %oe%"!o7

T(e

&!r+" "#e +(o4+ a %o %olu' 4! 4!"( "4 "4o be bea'+ %o %oe%"ed ! ! !"!", 4( 4(!%( !+ !+ u+ u+uall# a %o %orer %olu'7 T(e +e%od "#e !+ a %olu' 4!"( "(ree bea'+ 'o+" l!el# a +!de %olu'7 La+"l#, "(e "(!rd "#e !+ a %olu' 4!"( &our bea'+ %oe%"ed 4(!%( !+ 'o+" o& "(e "!'e a !"er!or %olu'7 %olu'7

79

F)ONT IE

SI0E IE

T(e u'ber o& bol"+ !+ "o be +olved ! "(e eJ" +e%"!o+7 T(!+ &!6ure +(o4+ "(e !"era%"!o "(a" 4!ll (ae ! "(e &a%e o& "(e %olu'7

F!6ure 37 Bea' "o Colu' Coe%"!o 80

T(!+ &!6ure +(o4+ "(e 30 v!e4 .D=ra# &or'1 o& "(e %oe%"!o be"4ee "(e bea' ad %olu'7 Bea'=G!rder .Bea'=Bea'1 .Bea'=Bea'1

F!6ure 7 Bea' "o Bea' Coe%"!o

T(e bea'=6!rder %oe%"!o !+ al'o+" "(e +a'e 4!"( bea'=%olu'7 I "(!+ +"ru%"ure, "(ere are ol# "4o bea'=6!rder %oe%"!o+ ad "(u+ o eed &or "#e +e%!&!%a"!o7

Tru++=Colu' .Tru++=Bea'1 81

T(!+ &!6ure +(o4+ "(e %oe%"!o o& a !%l!ed 'e'ber o& "ru++ "o %olu'7 L!e "(e o"(er %oe%"!o+, "(!+ !+ a double +(ear u+!6 bol"+7 T(e ra&"er+ o& "(e "ru++ 4!ll be bol"ed "o "(e eJ"eded ar" o& "(e %olu'7

F!6ure ;7 Tru++ "o Colu' Coe%"!o

82

I. B#+,Cou,n0 B#+,B#+, Pro%e++ :7 0e"er'!e 0e"er'!e "(e "(e ver"!%al ver"!%al .+(ear1 &or%e+ &or%e+ ! "(e 'e'ber 'e'ber ed+ ed+ "o be %oe%"ed %oe%"ed "o o"(er o"(er 'e'ber+7 'e'ber+7 7 0e"er'!e "(e "(e le6"( o& bol" ! ! 'a! 'e'ber, 'e'ber, "(e d!a'e"er d!a'e"er o& "(e bol", ad "(e allo4able load+ "(e bol" %ould %arr#7 37 Co'u"e Co'u"e &or "(e "(e u'ber u'ber o& bbol"+ ol"+ eede eededd ad ad +a%!6 +a%!677

For Se%od Floor .Bea'=Colu'1 .Bea'=Colu'1 Coe%"!o F=B: C: FA=B: FA=B: C F3=B: FA=B FA=B C3 F=B: FA=B3 FA=B3 C F:=B: F=B: C; F=B FB=B: FB=B: F3=B: C F3=B FB=B FB=B F=B: CF=B FB=B3 FB=B3 C8 F:=B: F:=B F=B C9 F0=B: F0=B: F3=B C: F0=B F3=B3

T#e : 

 : 

3

3

 :

3

Bea' L ;   ;   ; ; ; ; ; ;   ; ;   ; ; ; ; ; ; ;   ;  3

 7;88;3 783: 783: ::79-;3:9; 738 738 :7898; 7;::; 7;::; 979;8 7;88;3 7;88;3 7:-:-; 7:-:-; ::79-;3:9; 7:;-;: 79-9 79-9 :7898; 97:8:9: 7:-:-; 7:-:-; 979;8 979;8 7;88;3 73-;88 73-;88 7:;-;: -7--838 7-8

 :7;-: 78:39 78:39 979383 78: 78: 3-7 :7-9;: :7-9;: 37-39 :7;-: :7;-: 7333; 7333; 979383 :;73-88 798:98 798:98 3-7 7--8 79:88 79:88 37-39 37-39 :7;-: 78:: 78:: :;73-88 :;7;3;7:

J : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Q 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978

N  : :  : :  : : 3   : :   : :  3 : : 3 3  : :   : 83

C:: C::

C: C:3 C:

F0=B F=B F0=B3 F=B3 F0=B3 F:=B F3=B3 FE=B: F3=B FE=B:

 ;  3 ; ; 3  3 

3

  

-7--838 97:8:9: 78::97-8 78::9979;8 7-8 7:338 7-8 7:338

:;7;3;7--8 79339 7: :79 37-39 7: :7- 7: :7-

: : : : : : : : : :

: : : : : : : : : :

978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978

 3 : : : 3 :  : 

W is the total weight carried &/ the &eam V is the reaction of the &eam ,W89*0 x is the length of the main main mem&er of the the connection : is the diameter of the &olt ; is the load perpendiclar to the grain ! is the nm&er of &olts needed for the connection. ,V9;0 #Vales of x and : are chosen &/ the designer' reslting to a $ale of ; ,from Ta&le ).< !S(P *--0.

For )oo& .Bea'=Colu'1 .Bea'=Colu'1 Coe%"!o F=B: C:; FA=B: FA=B: C: F3=B: FA=B FA=B C:F=B: FA=B3 FA=B3 C:8 F:=B: F=B: C:9 F=B FB=B: FB=B: C F3=B:

T#e : 

 :  3

Bea' L ;   ;   ; ; ; ; ; ;   ;

 787;93 7;93 787;93 7;93 7878787878787;93 7;93 78-

 :7-:-; :798- :798- :7-:-; :798- :798- :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :798- :798- :7-:-;

J : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

Q 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978

 : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : 84

C:

C C3

C

C;

C CC8

Coe%" !o

F3=B FB=B FB=B F=B: F=B FB=B3 FB=B3 F:=B: F:=B F=B F0=B: F0=B: F3=B F0=B F3=B3 F0=B F=B F0=B3 F=B3 F0=B3 F:=B F3=B3 FE=B: F3=B FE=B:

Bea' L

;   ; ; ; ; ; ; ;   ;  3  ;  3 ; ; 3  3 

3

 :

3

3

  



F3=B ; F=B ; d Bea'=Bea' . Floor Ol#1 FC=B:

787;93 7;93 787878787878787;93 7;93 787;93 7: 7;93 787;93 7: 787;93 7: 7;93 7: 7;93

:7-:-; :798- :798- :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :7-:-; :798- :798- :7-:-; :798- 7:83 :798- :7-:-; :798- 7:83 :7-:-; :73-3 7:83 :798- 7:83 :798-

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :



D



Q

79 79

7:- 7:-

: :

: :

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978 978

: : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : : :

 98 98

: :

85

II. Tru((Cou,n0 Tru((B#+, Dete,mine t(e ;e,ti)al .s(ea, +o,)es in t(e mem=e, ens to =e )onne)te to ot(e, mem=e,s :7 0e"er'!e "(e "(e le6"( o& bol" ! ! 'a! 'e'ber, 'e'ber, "(e d!a'e"er d!a'e"er o& "(e bol", ad "(e allo4able load+ "(e bol" %ould %arr#7 7 Co'u"e Co'u"e &or "(e "(e u'ber u'ber o& bbol"+ ol"+ eede eededd ad ad +a%!6 +a%!677

Tru++=Colu' Coe%"!o AB C: AC FG EG C; IG @L C9 L

T#e :  :

A ;7-8 7;: 73 873-: 873-: ;7-8 7;:

J : : : : : : :

 : : : : : : :

P :7   :7 :7 :7 

Q 978 978 978   978 978

A .r .rad1 %o+A 73 789 = : = : =  =  73 789 = :

+!A 7-   : : 7- 

) :37: 978 978 :7 :7 :37: 978

  ; :    ;

A is the the axial for from the trss mem&er mem&er x is the length of the main main mem&er of the the connection : is the diameter of the &olt P is the load perpendiclar to the grain ; is the load perpendiclar to the grain = is the resltant of P and ; ,>sing ?ankinson2s ?ankinson2s Formla0 !=

)Q ) sin

2

Ѳ

+ Qc#s

2

Ѳ

! is the nm&er of &olts needed for the connection. ,V9=0 #Vales of x and : are chosen &/ the designer' reslting to a $ale of P and ; ,from Ta&le ).< !S(P *--0. #T?"S D@S"7! APP8"@S TO A88 T=>SS@S OF T?@ ST=>(T>=@ W?OS@ M@M@=9S "S9A=@ (O!!@(T@D TO A (O8>M!.

86

Tru++=Bea' Coe%"!o AB FA=B: AC FG EG FB=B: IG @L F0=B: L

T#e :  :

A ;7-8 7;: 73 873-: 873-: ;7-8 7;:

J : : : : : : :

 : : : : : : :

P :7   :7 :7 :7 

Q 978 978 978   978 978

A .r .rad1 %o+A 73 789 = : = : =  =  73 789 = :

+!A 7-   : : 7- 

) :37: 978 978 :7 :7 :37: 978

A is the the axial for from the trss mem&er mem&er x is the length of the main main mem&er of the the connection : is the diameter of the &olt P is the load perpendiclar to the grain ; is the load perpendiclar to the grain = is the resltant of P and ; ,>sing ?ankinson2s ?ankinson2s Formla0 !=

)Q ) sin

2

Ѳ

+ Qc#s

2

Ѳ

! is the nm&er of &olts needed for the connection. ,V9=0 #Vales of x and : are chosen &/ the designer' reslting to a $ale of P and ; ,from Ta&le ).< !S(P *--0.

#T?"S D@S"7! APP8"@S TO A88 T=>SS@S OF T?@ ST=>(T>=@ W?OS@ M@M@=9S "S9A=@ (O!!@(T@D TO A @AM.

87

  ; :    ;

CHAPTER ). DESIGN SCHEDULES AND SUMMAR7

).1. Jo(t(

S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6 S7

Com-ute !)tual =  =  %,oun loo, 1 00 10 170 100 220 1 00 10 170 100 220 1 00 10 220 100 220 1 00 10 170 100 220 1 00 10 170 100 220 1 00 10 220 100 220 1 00 10 130 100 220

o) 400 400 400 400 400 400 400

Se)on loo, S1 S2 S3 S4 S5 S6

10 1 00 1 00 10 1 00 10 1 00 10 100 10 1 00 10

170 170 220 170 70 220

100 100 100 100 100 100

220 220 220 220 220 220

S7

1 00 10

140

100

220

400 400 400 400 400 400 400

88

).!. B#+,2Grd#r Sc"#du#

4B1 3B1 2B1 1B1 4B2

Com-ute !)tual =  =  %,oun loo, 200 34 0 100 420 200 42 0 100 420 200 41 0 100 420 200 34 0 100 420 200 34 0 100 420

3B2

200

42 0

100

420

2B2 1B2 DB2 "B1 !B1 !B2 !B3 BB1 BB2 BB3 DB1 DB3

200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200

41 0 34 0 21 0 22 0 10 0 90 11 0 10 0 10 0 10 0 90 12 0

100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100 100

420 420 220 220 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

Com-ute !)tual =  =  Se)on loo, 20 0 300 200 390 20 0 360 200 390 20 0 390 200 390 20 0 330 200 390 20 0 300 200 390

4B1 3B1 2B1 1B1 4B2 3 B2 20 200 2 B2 20 200 1B2 20 0 CB1 20 0 DB2 20 0 "B1 20 0 !B1 20 0 !B2 20 0 !B3 20 0 BB1 20 0 BB2 20 0 BB3 20 0 DB1 20 0 DB3 20 0

290

200

390

330 330 170 250 240 90 90 120 100 100 100 90 120

200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200 200

390 390 170 250 250 120 120 120 120 120 120 120 120

89

).%. Cou,n(

1 2 3 4 5 6 7 8 9 10 11 12 13 14

Com-ute !)tual =  =  1st  2n loo, 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250 250 200 25 0 250

15 16 17 18 19 20 21 22 23 24 25 26 27 28

Com-ute !)tual =  =  2n l,  &oo+ 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250 250 200 250 250

90

APPENDI@  REFERENCES 'oo#(

•

•

A++o%!a"!o o& S"ru%"ural E6!eer+ o& "(e P(!l!!e+7 !ational Strctral (ode of the Philippines *--. Quezo *--. Quezo C!"#, P(!l!!e+? A++o%!a"!o A++o%!a"!o o& S"ru%"ural E6!eer+ o& "(e P(!l!!e+, I%7 /tructur ural al and ood ood @esign @esign 3 ; ract ractice ice+Ar +Arien iented ted A6(a A6(ave vere ree, e, A7 R !6!l !6!l,, @7 /truct ;roach Bsing Bsing the ;/@ 4ethod. 4ethod.

!)*(+t)(

• • •

•

(""?4447b%a76ov (""?4447b%a76ov7+6ubl!%a"!o+Bu 7+6ubl!%a"!o+Bu!ldab!l!"#Ser!e+o"(e !ldab!l!"#Ser!e+o"(er+r(+7d& r+r(+7d& (""?elear!67v"u7a%7!Peo"e+C (""?elear!67v"u7a%7!Peo"e+C:Bea'+=GS7d& :Bea'+=GS7d& (tt-P@@'''ultu,o;t,@"N35285@'ooasa=uilinmate,ialits=eneKts anisa;anta(tml '''oole)om

91

Timber Design of a Two Storey House

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