THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 90 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 90 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST PIPE DIAMETER (mm)
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
CONC. VOL. (m3)
900
1779
3500
3300
5349
4000
1496
400
96.802
Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP)
=
Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction (μ)
900
mm
90 0.6362
deg m2
= = = =
18 24 10 0.40
kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3
Height of soil above thrust block (h1)
=
0.150
m
Submerged height of thrust block (h2)
=
0.000
m
At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)
kN/m2
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block
= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
600
FGL =
+ 9.000
=
1.50
IL =
+ 6.400
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.50
GWT =
+ 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)
= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
900
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)
=
100
kN/m2
kPa
Check on Soil Bearing Pressure Thrust Block Plan Area = 24.767 m2 Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 2323.260 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 2390.130 kN ΣV Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.507 kPa < SBC, Ok
= =
3.715 66.870
m3 kN (on top of thrust block)
h1
Thrust Block Stability Check
GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 539.810 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2
2.38
m
2.000
m
Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TW * y + BF * x 1079.62 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 5522.696 FOT = = 5.115 > 1.5 , Ok 1079.621 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ = 929.304 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW =
929.304 539.810
WC
WC * x 5522.70 kN.m
Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN
FS
Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block
= 1.722
> 1.5 , Ok
x
Tw y O BF
Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust
2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 809.715 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TH * y + BF * x 1619.431 kN.m MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 5522.696 = 1619.431 b. Check against Sliding FOT
=
FS
=
929.304 809.715
> 1.13 , Ok
3.41
Safety factor against sliding (FS)
MOT
FR
=
= 1.148
TH > 1.13 , Ok
3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB
=
2323.260 = 0.000
N/A
=
Wt. of Conc BF
> 1.2 , Ok
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 60 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 60 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST PIPE DIAMETER (mm)
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
CONC VOL (m3)
900
1208
5110
442
6342
4000
1650
4250
67.796
steps
1
4
2
3
Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP)
=
Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction (μ)
900
mm
60 0.6362
deg m2
= = = =
18 24 10 0.40
kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3
Height of soil above thrust block (h1)
=
0.150
m
Submerged height of thrust block (h2)
=
0.000
m
At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)
= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
600
=
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
kN/m2
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block
FGL =
+ 9.000
1.50
IL =
+ 6.400
=
1.50
GWT =
+ 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)
= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
900
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)
=
100
kN/m2
kPa
Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 17.333 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 1627.101 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 1673.900 kN ΣV Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.572 kPa < SBC, Ok
= =
2.600 46.800
m3 kN (on top of thrust block)
h1
Thrust Block Stability Check GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 381.704 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2
1.814
m
2.000
m WC
WC * x 2951.920 kN.m
Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block
TW * y + BF * x 763.407 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 2951.920 FOT = = 3.867 > 1.5 , Ok 763.407 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ = 650.840 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW
x
Tw y O BF
Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust
FS
=
650.840 381.704
> 1.5 , Ok
= 1.705
2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 572.555 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TH * y + BF * x 1145.111 kN.m MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 2951.920 FOT = = 2.578 1145.111 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS
=
650.840 572.555
MOT
> 1.13 , Ok FR
=
= 1.137
TH > 1.13 , Ok
3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB
=
1627.101 0.000
=
N/A
=
Wt. of Conc BF
> 1.2 , Ok
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 45 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 45 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST PIPE DIAMETER (mm)
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
CONC VOL (m3)
900
1081
5174
467
4753
4000
2000
3600
52.633
steps
1
4
2
3
Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP)
=
Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction (μ)
900
mm
45 0.6362
deg m2
= = = =
18 24 10 0.40
kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3
Height of soil above thrust block (h1)
=
0.150
m
Submerged height of thrust block (h2)
=
0.000
m
At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)
= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
600
=
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
kN/m2
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block
FGL =
+ 9.000
1.50
IL =
+ 6.400
=
1.50
GWT =
+ 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)
= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
900
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)
=
100
kN/m2
kPa
Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 13.502 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 1263.180 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 1299.636 kN ΣV Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.255 kPa < SBC, Ok
= =
2.025 36.455
m3 kN (on top of thrust block)
h1
Thrust Block Stability Check
GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 292.143 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2
1.879
m
2.000
m WC
WC * x 2373.234 kN.m
Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block
TW * y + BF * x 584.286 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 2373.234 FOT = = 4.062 > 1.5 , Ok 584.286 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ = 505.272 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW
x
Tw y O BF
Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust
FS
=
505.272 292.143
=
> 1.5 , Ok
1.73
2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 438.215 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TH * y + BF * x 876.430 kN.m MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 2373.234 FOT = = 2.708 876.430 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS
=
505.272 438.215
MOT
> 1.13 , Ok FR
=
= 1.153
TH > 1.13 , Ok
3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB
=
1263.180 0.000
=
N/A
=
Wt. of Conc BF
> 1.2 , Ok
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 30 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 30 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST PIPE DIAMETER (mm)
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
CONC VOL (m3)
900
790
4975
491
3157
4000
2000
3150
35.285
steps
1
4
2
3
Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP)
=
Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction (μ)
900
mm
30 0.6362
deg m2
= = = =
18 24 10 0.40
kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3
Height of soil above thrust block (h1)
=
0.150
m
Submerged height of thrust block (h2)
=
0.000
m
At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)
= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
600
=
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
kN/m2
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block
FGL =
+ 9.000
1.50
IL =
+ 6.400
=
1.50
GWT =
+ 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)
= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
900
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)
=
100
kN/m2
kPa
Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 9.073 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 846.841 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 871.337 kN ΣV Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 96.041 kPa < SBC, Ok
= =
1.361 24.496
m3 kN (on top of thrust block)
h1
Thrust Block Stability Check GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 197.584 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2
1.881
m
2.000
m WC
WC * x 1593.184 kN.m
Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block
TW * y + BF * x 395.169 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 1593.184 FOT = = 4.032 > 1.5 , Ok 395.169 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ = 338.736 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW
x
Tw y O BF
Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust
FS
=
338.736 197.584
> 1.5 , Ok
= 1.714
2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 296.376 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TH * y + BF * x 592.753 kN.m MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 1593.184 FOT = = 2.688 592.753 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS
=
338.736 296.376
MOT
> 1.13 , Ok FR
=
= 1.143
TH > 1.13 , Ok
3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB
=
846.841 0.000
=
N/A
=
Wt. of Conc BF
> 1.2 , Ok
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 22.5 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 22.5 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST PIPE DIAMETER (mm)
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
CONC VOL (m3)
900
790
3923
964
2525
4000
1500
2500
26.374
steps
1
4
2
3
Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP)
=
Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction (μ)
900
mm
22.5 0.6362
deg m2
= = = =
18 24 10 0.40
kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3
Height of soil above thrust block (h1)
=
0.150
m
Submerged height of thrust block (h2)
=
0.000
m
At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)
= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
600
=
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
kN/m2
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block
FGL =
+ 9.000
1.50
IL =
+ 6.400
=
1.50
GWT =
+ 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)
= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
900
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)
=
100
kN/m2
kPa
Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 6.845 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 632.980 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 651.461 kN ΣV Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 95.176 kPa < SBC, Ok
= =
1.027 18.481
m3 kN (on top of thrust block)
h1
Thrust Block Stability Check GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 148.933 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2
1.669
m
2.000
m WC
WC * x 1056.520 kN.m
Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block
TW * y + BF * x 297.867 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 1056.520 FOT = = 3.547 > 1.5 , Ok 297.867 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ = 253.192 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW
x
Tw y O BF
Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust
FS
=
253.192 148.933
=
> 1.5 , Ok
1.7
2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 223.400 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TH * y + BF * x 446.800 kN.m MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 1056.520 FOT = = 2.365 446.800 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS
=
253.192 223.400
MOT
> 1.13 , Ok FR
=
= 1.133
TH > 1.13 , Ok
3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB
=
632.980 0.000
=
N/A
=
Wt. of Conc BF
> 1.2 , Ok
THRUST BLOCKS FOR HORIZONTAL ELBOW ( Ø 900 mm, 11.25 deg ) Horizontal Thrust TABLE 1 DIMENSIONS IN mm FOR CONCRETE BLOCKS FOR 11.25 DEGREES BENDS - HORIZONTAL THRUST PIPE DIAMETER (mm)
L
A
B
C
D
E
F
CONC VOL (m3)
900
790
2836
1406
1964
3000
850
2000
13.333
steps
1
4
2
3
Design Parameters Pipe Diameter (DP)
=
Angle of the bend (q) = Area of Pipe (AP) = Unit weight of soil (gS) Unit weight of concrete (gC) Unit weight of water (w) Coefficient of friction (μ)
900
mm
11.25 0.6362
deg m2
= = = =
18 24 10 0.40
kN/m3 kN/m3 kN/m3
Height of soil above thrust block (h1)
=
0.650
m
Submerged height of thrust block (h2)
=
0.000
m
At Working Pressure Working Pressure (PW)
= 6 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
600
=
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
kN/m2
Figure 1: Plan and Section for horizontal thrust block
FGL =
+ 9.000
1.50
IL =
+ 6.400
=
1.50
GWT =
+ 4.400
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
At Hydrotest Pressure Working Pressure (PH)
= 9 bars Factor of Safety against Overturning (FOT)
=
900
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Sliding (FS)
=
1.13
Factor of Safety against Buoyancy (FB)
=
1.20
Soil Bearing Capacity (SBC)
=
100
kN/m2
kPa
Check on Soil Bearing Pressure 4.779 m2 Thrust Block Plan Area = Volume of soil Wt of conc. (WC) = 319.996 kN (neglecting buoyancy) Wt of soil ΣV = Wt. of conc + Wt. of soil = 375.916 kN ΣV Static vertical pressure = Plan Area F.G.L. 78.653 kPa < SBC, Ok
= =
3.107 55.919
m3 kN (on top of thrust block)
h1
Thrust Block Stability Check
GWT
1. At Working Pressure - 6 bar Thrust (TW) = 2PWAP sin q/2 = 74.827 kN a. Check against Overturning Taking moments about O A*(C+2B) x = = 3(B+C) y = D/2 = Resisting Moment (MR) = =
h2
1.340
m
1.500
m WC
WC * x 428.723 kN.m
Buoyant Force (BF) = w * vol. sub. = 0.000 kN Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
Figure 2: Height of soil and the submerged height in a horizontal thrust block
TW * y + BF * x 112.240 kN.m MR Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = MOT 428.723 FOT = = 3.82 > 1.5 , Ok 112.240 b. Check against Sliding Resisting Force (FR) = (Wt. of Conc. - BF) * μ = 127.998 kN FR Safety factor against sliding (FS) = TW
x
Tw y O BF
Figure 3: Diagram of forces on a horizontal thrust
FS
=
127.998 74.827
> 1.5 , Ok
= 1.711
2. At Hydrotest Pressure - 9 bar Thrust (TH) = 2PHAP sin q/2 = 112.240 kN a. Check against Overturning Overturning Moment (MOT) = =
TH * y + BF * x 168.361 kN.m MR
Safety factor against overturing (FOT) = 428.723 FOT = = 2.546 168.361 b. Check against Sliding Safety factor against sliding (FS) FS
=
127.998 112.240
=
MOT
> 1.13 , Ok FR
=
1.14
TH > 1.13 , Ok
3. Check against Bouyancy Safety factor against bouyancy (FB) FB
=
319.996 0.000
=
N/A
=
Wt. of Conc BF
> 1.2 , Ok
