Three Modes of Steering Report

F`mtimts BHVS @L VXDK@B ................................................... ......................................................................... ............................................ ........................... ..... 5 BHVS @L LHJY[IV ......................... ................................................ ............................................. ............................................ .............................. ........ ; BHVS @L SEKBIV ........................... ................................................. ............................................. ............................................. .............................. ........ 6 FNEQSI[ 57.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. ...................................... ...............3 HMS[@CYFSH@M S@ VSI[[HMJ VXVSID .................................. ........................................................ ...................... 9 FNEQSI[ ;7.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............51 BHSI[ESY[I [I\HIZ ........................................................ ............................................................................... ................................ ......... 55 FNEQSI[ 67.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............5< KEFOJ[@YMC SNI@[X ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................... ................ 5: FNEQSI[ 37.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............58 EQQBHFESH@M EQQBHFESH@M @L SN[II D@CI VSII[HMJ ............................................. ............................................... .. ;1 FNEQSI[ 97.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............;6 F@DQ@MIMSV ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................. ........................................ .................;3 FNEQSI[ <7.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............66 <.5K[HIL CIVF[HQSH@M @L VSII[HMJ QE[SV .......................................... ............................................ .. 63 <.;VSII[HMJ Q[HMFHQBIV EMC F@DQ@MIMSV ......................... .......................................... ................. 69 <.6 \INHFBI CXMEDHFV EMC VSII[HMJ ................................................... ..................................................... .. 68 FNEQSI[ :7.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............35 VSII[HMJ JIE[ K@ÎV ............................................. .................................................................... ....................................... ................ 3; FNEQSI[ >7.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............3< CIVHJM FEBFYBESH@M............................................... ...................................................................... ....................................... ................3: FNEQSI[ >7.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............91 CIVHJM @L D@CIB ....................................................... ............................................................................. ....................................... ................. 95 FNEQSI[ 87.......................................................... ................................................................................ ............................................. .................................... .............9< BHVS @L DESI[HEBV ....................................................... ............................................................................. .................................... .............. 9: FNEQSI[ 557........................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................. .................................... .............98 55.5FEBFYBESH@MV7 55.5FEBFYBESH@MV7.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ............................ ...... <1 55.; EC\EMSEJIV @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ............................... ............................... <9 55.6 BHDHSESH@MV7 BHDHSESH@MV7 ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ............................ ...... <9 FNEQSI[ 5;7........................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................. .................................... .............<< F@MFBYVH@M ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ....................................... ................. <: FNEQSI[ 567........................................................ .............................................................................. ............................................. .................................... .............<> [ILI[IMFIV ........................................... .................................................................. ............................................. ....................................... ................. <8

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CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ.

BHVS @L VXDK@B C 4 [`bb exhs cedphmj, c edphmj, Md/rec O 4 [`bb exhs sthllmiss, Md/rec Md/rec 4 \inhfbi r`bb emjbi, rec Fl 4 Lr`mt f`rmirhmj sthllmiss, M/rec Fr 4 [ier f`rmirhmj sthllmiss, M/rec Lxhg 4 Shri b`mjhtuchmeb l`rfi, M Lyhg 4 Betireb l`rfi, M J 4 Jrevhty effibireth`m, ds

-;

ns 4 Chstemfi `l tni sprumj dess f.j. lr`d tni r`bb exis, d Hxx 4 D`dimt `l hmirthe ekùt r`bb exhs, oj d Hxz 4 Vprumj dess pr`cuft `l hmirthe, oj d

;

;

Hzz 4 D`dimt `l hmirthe ekùt yew exhs, oj d Bl 4 Chstemfi lr`d f.j. t` lr`mt exbi, d Br 4 Chstemfi lr`d f.j. t` rier exbi, d d 4 \inhfbi t`teb dess, oj ds 4 \inhfbi sprumj dess, oj Sl 4 Lr`mt trefo whctn, d Sr 4 [ier trefo whctn, d u 4 B`mjhtuchmeb vib`fhty, ds v 4 Betireb vib`fhty, ds

-5

-5

^hg 4 B`mjhtuchmeb thri l`rfi, M Xhg 4 Betireb thri l`rfi, M εl 4 Lr`mt wniib sbhp emjbi, rec εr 4 [ier wniib sbhp emjbi, rec λ 4 \inhfbi shcisbhp emjbi, rec ζ,

4 Xew reti, rec/sif

;


















BHVS @L LHJY[IV Lhjuri 57 Jier disn7 ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................. .......................................... ................... < Lhjuri ;7 Z@[OHMJ Q[HMFHQBI ................................................... .......................................................................... .............................. ....... : Lhjuri 675VS D@CI @L @QI[ESH@M ............................................ ................................................................... .............................. ....... : Lhjuri 37 ;mc D`ci `l Vtiirhmj ................................ ...................................................... ............................................. .................................. ........... > Lhjuri 97 6[C D@CI @L @QI[ESH@M .......................................... ................................................................. .............................. ....... > Lhjuri <7 Qerebbib perohmj demiuvirs .................................................. ......................................................................... ......................... .. ;1 Lhjuri :7Nhjn-spiic bemi fnemji demìuvris......................................... .............................................................. .....................;5 Lhjuri >7 Srehbir Kus whtn Lùr-Zniib Lùr-Zniib Vtiirhmj ............................................ .......................................................... .............. ;; Lhjuri 87\-KIBS C[H\I ............................................................... ..................................................................................... ................................ .......... ;9 Lhjuri 51Ixtirmeb vs Hmtirmeb jier ....................................................... .............................................................................. ......................... .. ;9 Lhjuri 557Vpur jier ............................................... ..................................................................... ............................................ .................................... .............. ;< Lhjuri 5;7Nibhfeb jier ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ .................................... .............. ;< Lhjuri 567Voiw jier .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ....................................... ................. ;: Lhjuri 537 Cùkbi nibhfeb jier .................................. ........................................................ ............................................. ................................ ......... ;> Lhjuri 597 KI\IB JIE[ .......................... ................................................ ............................................ ............................................ ......................... ... ;8 Lhjuri 5<7 Vphreb kivib jiers ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ......................... ... ;8 Lhjuri 5:7 Nyp`hc jier.......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ .................................... .............. 61 Lhjuri 5>7 Fr`wm jier........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ .................................... .............. 65 Lhjuri 587 Z`rd jier ............................................................. .................................................................................... ........................................ ................. 65 Lhjuri ;17 VSII[HMJ F@BYDM ................ ...................................... ............................................ ........................................... .....................63 Lhjuri ;57 VSII[HMJ VNELS ................................ ...................................................... ............................................. ................................ ......... 63 Lhjuri ;;7 ohmjphm emjbi............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ................................ .......... 6< Lhjuri ;67 FEVS@[ .......................................... ................................................................. ............................................. ....................................... ................. 6: Lhjuri ;37S@I-HM.................................................. ........................................................................ ............................................ .................................... ..............6> Lhjuri ;97S@I-@YS ......................................... ............................................................... ............................................. ........................................ ................. 68 Lhjuri ;<7YMCI[-VSII[ ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... 68 Lhjuri ;:7@\I[-VSII[..................................................... ........................................................................... ........................................... .....................31 Lhjuri ;>7Miutreb-Vtiir ;>7Miutreb-Vtiir.................................................... .......................................................................... ............................................. ......................... .. 31 Lhjuri ;87 Qhtdem Erd Sypi ........................................... ................................................................. ............................................ ......................... ... 3; Lhjuri 617 [efo emc Qhmh`m Sypi. ........................................... .................................................................. ....................................... ................ 36 Lhjuri 657 [efo emc Qhmh`m Sypi. ........................................... .................................................................. ....................................... ................ 33 Lhjuri 6;7 Z`rd emc Vift`r. .......................................... ................................................................ ............................................ ......................... ... 33 Lhjuri 667Z`rd emc [`bbir............................................. .................................................................. ............................................ ......................... ... 39 Lhjuri 637 Fed emc [`bbir............................................ .................................................................. ............................................ ............................ ...... 39 Lhjuri 697Vtiirhmj emjbis p`shth`m `l hmstemtemiùs hmstemtemiùs fimtri l`r turmhmj rechus 3.3d 3> Lhjuri 6<7Vtiirhmj emjbis emc p`shth`m `l hmstemtemiùs fimtri l`r turmhmj rechus ;.98 d ............................................ ................................................................... ............................................. ............................................ ....................................... .................38 Lhjuri 6:7Cishjmic FESHE d`cib .......................................... ................................................................. ....................................... ................ 95 Lhjuri 6>7 Lhmeb d`cib eltir friethmj tni g`hmts .......................................... ........................................................... ................. 9; Lhjuri 687 Vhdubeth`m `l tnrii d`ci stiirhmj ............................... ..................................................... ................................ .......... 96 Lhjuri 317 VQY[ JIE[ ..................................... ........................................................... ............................................ ....................................... ................. 93 Lhjuri 357[EFO ............................................. ................................................................... ............................................ ........................................... .....................93 Lhjuri 3;7KI\IB JIE[ ...................................... ............................................................ ............................................ .................................... .............. 99 Lhjuri 367 Jier disnhmj ....................................... ............................................................. ............................................ .................................... .............. 99


















BHVS @L SEKBIV Sekbi >.5 G`hmts f`mmiftic t` tni perts……………………………….………………9; Sekbi 55.5 SEKYBESH@M……………………………………………………………<5 SEKYBESH@M…………………………………………………………… <5 Sekbi 55.; SEKYBESH@M……………………………………………………………<; SEKYBESH@M…………………………………………………………… <; Sekbi 55.6 F`dperhs`m l`r tw` wniib stiir emc lùr wniib stiir…………………. <3


















FNEQSI[ 57 HMS[@CYFSH@M S@ VSII[HMJ VXVSID


















HMS[@CYFSH@M S@ VSI[[HMJ VXVSID Vtiirhmj hs tni tird eppbhic t` tni f`bbifth`m `l f`dp`mimts, bhmoejis, wnhfn whbb ebb`w l`r e vissib `r vinhfbi t` l`bb`w tni cishric fùrsi. Em ixfipth`m hs tni fesi `l rehb tremsp`rt ky wnhfn rehb trefos f`dkhmic t`jitnir whtn rehbrèc swhtfnis pr`vhci tni stiirhmj lumfth`m. Sni d`st f`mvimth`meb stiirhmj erremjidimt hs t` turm tni lr`mt wniibs ushmj e nemc ‖ `piretic `piretic stiirhmj wniib, wnhfn hs p`shth`mic hm lr`mt `l tni crhvir, tnrùjn tni stiirhmj f`budm, wnhfn dey f`mtehm umhvirseb g`hmts t` ebb`w ht t` civheti s`diwnet lr`d e strehjnt bhmi. @tnir erremjidimts eri s`dithdis lùmc `m chllirimt typis `l vinhfbis, l`r ixedpbi, e thbbir `r rier ‖ wniib wniib stiirhmj. Srefoic vinhfbis sufn es temos usuebby idpb`y chllirimtheb stiirhmj tnet hs, tni trefos eri deci t` d`vi et chllirimt spiics `r ivim hm `pp`shti chrifth`ms t` krhmj ekùt e fnemji `l fùrsi. Hm tnhs stiirhmj systids fepekbi `l chllirimt d`cis `l stiirhm j, s`di ohmc `l diems dust ki pr`vhcic l`r dehmtehmhmj tni wniibs symfnr`mhzic wnim snhlthmj lr`d `mi d`ci `l stiirhmj t` em`tnir. Sniril`ri sufn diems nevi kiim ribethviby ixpimshvi, f`dpbix, ieshby put ùt `l ecgustdimt `r s`di f`dkhmeth`m `l tni ek`vi. Sniril`ri, `mi `l tni prhmfhpeb `kgifts `l dy hmvimth`m hs t` pr`vhci e wniib symfnr`mhzeth`m systid tnet hs hmixpimshvi, shdpbi emc rujjic.

5.5Q[@GIFS @\I[\HIZ7 5.5.5 I^HVSHMJ VXVSID7 Hm ùr ixhsthmj systid, wi usi lr`mt wniib stiirhmj systid tni rier wniibs c` m`t turm hm tni chrifth`m `l tni furvi emc tnus furk `m tni illhfhimfy `l tni stiirhmj. Hm lùr wniib stiirhmj tni rier wniibs turm whtn tni lr`mt wniibs tnus hmfrieshmj tni illhfhimfy `l tni vinhfbi. Sni chrifth`m `l stiirhmj tni rier wniibs ribethvi t` tni lr`mt wniibs cipimcs `m tni `pirethmj f`mchth`ms. Et b`w spiic, wniib d`vidimt hs pr`mùmfic, s` tnet rier wniibs eri stiiric hm tni `pp`shti chrifth`m t` tnet `l lr`mt wniibs.

5.5.; CHVEC\EMSEJIV7 

Ht hs viry ixpimshvi.



Ht hs f`dpbix hm cishjm.




















5.5.6Q[@Q@VIC VXVSID7 Hm ùr pr`p`sic systid, wi hmtr`cufi stiirhmj systids fepekbi `l f`mvimth`meb tw`wniib stiirhmj, `kbhqui `r betireb stiirhmj emc f`mvimth`meb lùr-wniib stii rhmj. Ky `kbhqui `r betireb stiirhmj, H diem tnet hm e vinhfbi nevhmj tw` pehrs `l chrhjhkbi wniibs ebb `l tnid phv`t shdubtemiùsby hm tni sedi chrifth`m whtn tni risubt tnet tni vinhfbi d`vis shciweys whtnùt fnemjhmj hts niechmj. Ky lùr-wniib stiirhmj, H diem tnet hm e vinhfbi nevhmj tw` pehrs `l chrhjhkbi wniibs `mi `l tni pehrs `l chrhjhkbi wniibs phv`ts hm `mi chrifth`m wnhbi tni `tnir pehr `l chrhjhkbi wniibs phv`ts shdubtemiùsby hm tni `pp`shti chrifth`m whtn tni risubt tnet k`tn pehrs `l wniibs l`bb`w tni sedi erf curhmj turmhmj.

5.5.3 EC\EMSEJIV7 

Iesy dehmtimemfi.



D`ci fnemji hs iesy.



Hdpbidimteth`m hs iesy.

5.;Z@[OHMJ Q[HMFHQBI7

















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. eri imjejic emc tni stiirhmj `l rier wniib hs imsuric emc hs hm sedi chrifth`m es tnet `l tni lr`mt wniibs. Znim tni jier erremjidimt hs d`vic t` `tnir shci, tni spur jier chsimjejis emc tni kivib jier hs imjejic. Cui t` kivib jier erremjidimt, tni rier wniib stiirs hm `pp`shti chrifth`m t` tni lr`mt wniib. Snhs risubts hm tnhrc d`ci stiirhmj

Lhjuri ;7 Z@[OHMJ Q[HMFHQBI

5.;.5L[@MS ZNIIB VSII[HMJ7 Hm e lr`mt wniib, stiirhmj, `mby lr`mt wniibs stii r, emc hm e rier wniib, stiirhmj stiir hmj `mby rier wniibs whbb stiir t` jit turmhmj. Hm e lùr-wniib stiirhmj systid s ystid et b`w spiics, tni lr`mt wniibs emc rier wniibs eri ùt `l pnesi pnes i l`r b`w turmhmj rechus. N`wivir et nhjn spiics, Sni lr`mt emc rier wniibs snùbc ki hm pnesi t` hmfriesi tni stekhbhty `l e vinhfbi. V` tni b`fo mut hs rid`vic, tni stiirhmj `pireth`m hs ferrhic ùt hm m`rdeb f`mchth`m. Snet hs `mby lr`mt wniibs stiir.


















5.;.; K@SN L[@MSEMC [IE[ ZNIIB VSII[ HM E VEDI CH[IFSH@M7 Hm K`tn lr`mt emc rier wniib stiir `pireth`m wnim tni b`fo mut hs hmsirtic, tni `tnir tw` d`cis fem ki usic. Znim tni jier erremjidimt hs pusnic t` `mi p`shth`m, tni kivib jiers jit imjejic emc tni stiirhmj `l rier wniib hs imsuric emc hs hm sedi chrifth`m es tnet `l tni lr`mt wniibs.

Lhjuri 37 ;mc D`ci `l Vtiirhmj

5.;.6 K@SN ZNIIBV HM @QQ@VHSI CH[IFSH@M7 Znim tni jier erremjidimt hs d`vic t` `tnir shci, tni kivib jier chsimjejis emc t ni kivib jier jits imjejic. Cui t` spur jier erremjidimt, tni rier wniib stiirs hm h m `pp`shti chrifth`m t` tni lr`mt wniib. Snhs risubts hm tnhrc d`ci stiir hmj. Snrii stiirhmj d`cis fem ki fnemjic es miicic wnhfn esshsts hm perohmj et nievy trellhf f`mchth`ms, wnim mij`thethmj eries wniri sn`rt turmhmj rechus hs miicic emc hm `ll rèc Crhvhmj.


















5.6Q[@KBID CILHMHSH@M7 M`weceys ebb eb b vinhfbis usis tw` wniib stiirhmj systid, kut tni illhfhimfy `l tni tw`-wniib stiirhmj (;ZV) vinhfbi hs pr`vim tnet ht hs sthbb b`w f`dperic t` tni lùr-wniib stiirhmj (3ZV) systid fer. V`, tnhs pr`gift hs kesic `m n`w t` pr`vi tnet tni 3ZV hs kittir tnem ;ZV hm tirds `l turmhmj rechus. E vinhfbi whtn nhjnir turmhmj rechus lefi chllhfubty hm perohmj emc b`w spiic f`rmirhmj cui t` hts nhjnir wniibkesi emc trefo whctn, kut tni pessimjir prilir tni vinhfbi t` ki nhjnir wniibkesi emc trefo whctn es ht jhvis j``c f`dl`rt wnhbi trevibbhmj. Hm tnhs sfimerh` lùr wniib, stiirhmj whbb ki illifthvi, es tni turmhmj rechus whbb ki cifriesic l`r tni sedi vinhfbi `l nhjnir wniibkesi. Hm tnhs pr`gift, e kimfndero vinhfbi hs f`mshciric emc lùr wniib stiirhmj hs hdpbidimtic whtnùt fnemji hm chdimsh`m `l tni vinhfbi emc ricufth`m hm turmhmj rechus hs efnhivic. L`r efnhivhmj ricufth`m, e difnemhsd hs kuhbt wnhfn turms tni rier wniibs `pp`shti t` tni lr`mt wniibs.


















FNEQSI[ ;7 BHSI[ESY[I [I\HIZ




















BHSI[ESY[I [I\HIZ B`nhtn _HT sn`ws tnet tni Lùr-wniib stiirhmj hs e sirhùs ill`rt `m tni pert `l eut`d`thvi

cishjm imjhmiirs t` pr`vhci mier-miutreb stiirhmj. Hm firtehm fesis bhoi b`w spiic f`rmirhmj, vinhfbi perohmj emc crhvhmj hm fhty f`mchth`ms whtn nievy trellhf hm thjnt spefis, crhvhmj wùbc ki viry chllhfubt cui t` vinhfbi's berjir wniibkesi emc trefo whctn. Nimfi tni riquhridimt `l e difnemhsd wnhfn risubts hm biss turmhmj rechus erhsis emc ht whbb ki efnhivic ky hdpbidimthmj lùr wniib stiirhmj difnemhsd hmstiec `l rijuber tw` wniib stiirhmj. stiirh mj. Sni rier wniibs wiri crewm ùt `l pnesi t` tni lr`mt wniibs. wniibs. Hm `rcir t` efnhivi tnhs, e difnemhsd, wnhfn f`mshsts `l tw` kivib jiers, emc hmtirdicheti snelt, wnhfn tremsdht 511% t`rqui es wibb, turms rier wniibs hm ùt `l pnesi wes civib`pic.

Fnùcnerh _;T ixpbehms tnet e Lùr Zniib stiirhmj (3ZV) Vystid hs ebs` om`wm es "Uuecre

Vtiirhmj Vystid". V` k`tn lr`mt es wibb es rier wniibs fem ki stiiric eff`rchmj t` spiic `l tni vinhfbi emc spefi evehbekbi l`r turmhmj. Uuecre stiir systid whbb jhvi lubb shzi vinhfbis jrietir iesi wnhbi crhvhmj et b`w spiic, emc hdpr`vis stekhbhty, nemcbhmj emc f`mtr`b et nhjnir spiic. Uuecre stiirhmj systid w`ros hm l`bb`whmj tnrii pnesis Mijethvi pnesi, Miutreb pnesi, Q`shthvi pnesi. Ht imekbis tni fer t` ki stiiric hmt` thjntir perohmj spefis emc deois tni fer d`ri stekbi et spiic (biss k`cy r`bb). Ht deois tni fer d`ri illhfhimt emc stekbi `m f`rmirhmj, ieshir emc selir bemis fnemji wnim `m d`t`rweys. Sni stiirhmj systid ebb`ws tni crhvir t`



















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. Nshim-Xu_9T, l`fusic `m cishjm `l e p`wir trehm l`r tw`-exbi lùr-wniib-crhvi (3ZC)

ibiftrhf vinhfbi vinhfbi (I\). Sni purp`si hs t` hdpr`vi tni imirjy im irjy illhfhimfy, crhvhmj stekhbhty stekhbht y l`r e Ythbht Yt hbhty y \inhfbi \inhf bi (Y\) tnet hs `rhjhmeb `rhjhmeb iquhppic iquhppic whtn e 911ff 911ff hmtirmeb hmtirmeb f`dkusth`m f`dkusth`m imjhmi. imjhmi. Sni cishjmic p`wir trehm hs f`mshstic `l tw` 9ow krusnbiss CF d`t`rs (KBCF) whtn tni ess`fhetic d`t`r crhvirs, eut`dethf demueb tremsdhssh`m (EDS), EDS f`mtr`bbirs, emc ;>>\ H
Je`_
`m tni emebyshs `l tni tremsdhssh`m difnemhsd `l emjbi supirp`shth`m whtn Efthvi Lr`mt Vtiirhmj systid (ELV). E f`mtr`bbir `l verhekbi stiirhmj reth` l`r Efthvi Lr`mt Vtiirhmj systid hs cishjmic, emc vhrtueb rèc tists eri deci hm Fer Deoir crhvir vinhfbi- rèc shdubeth`m imvhr`mdimt. Sni risubts `l shdubeth`m tists vebhceti tni f`mtr`bbir pirl`rdemfi emc tni ecvemteji `l verhekbi stiirhmj sti irhmj reth` lumfth`m, ebs` sn`w sn `w tnet tni crhvhmj f`dl`rt hs hdpr`vic et b`w spiic ispifhebby, cui t` tni Efthvi Lr`mt Vtiirhmj systid ebtirs tni stiirhmj reth`



















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. Jeutned _>T sn`ws tnet Vibiftekbi Ebb Zniib Vtiirhmj hs e ribethviby miw tifnm`b`jy tnet

hdpr`vis demiuvirekhbhty hm fers, trufos emc trehbirs. Ebb wniib stiirhmj hs usic l`r perohmj emc b`w-spiic demiuvirs kut hm tnhs typi `l stiirhmj systid tni vinhfbi fem ki stiiric `m k`tn, tw` wniibs wniibs & lùr wniibs. wniibs. Sni "Vibifte "Vibiftekbi kbi Ebb Zniib Zniib Vtiirhmj" Vtiirhmj" hs tni d`chlhic d`chlhic l`rd l`rd `l EZV (Ebb Zniib Vtiirhmj).Sni imjejidimt emc chsimjejidimt `l tni lùr wniibs stiirhmj hs c`mi es pir tni crhvir riquhridimt. Snhs pr`vhcis tni kimilhts `l k`tn tw` wniib emc lùr wniib stiir. Snus, fem ki usic es lr`mt wniib stiir hm b`mj strehjnt rums emc fem ki usic es ebb wniib stiir wnim snerp emc fb`si turms eri miicic. Sni Difnemhfebby @piretic VEZV erremjidimt hs tni d`st f`dpeft emc f`st illifthvi systids wnhfn fem ki hmstebbic hm em ES\ whtnùt deohmj fnemjis t` lùr wniib difnemhsd.

st iirhmj `m k`tn Ciipeo _8T ferrhic ùt cishjm emc emebyshs `l e tnrii wniibic vinhfbi tnet nes stiirhmj shcis wnhfn hs p`wiric ky nuk d`t`rs. Sni vinhfbi hs lekrhfetic ky ushmj 5181d hbc stiib l`r fnesshs, swhmj-erd emc Zhsnk`mis (E-erds). Ht hs citirdhmic tnet tni turmhmj rechus `l tni wniib hs `ktehmic ky ushmj ebb wniibs stiirhmj difnemhsd emc ht hs ribethviby sdebbir tnem eftueb turmhmj rechus. Sni iquhvebimt striss vebuis wiri ebs` citirdhmic l`r seli cishjm.

Knhsnhoer_51T sn`wic tnet stemcerc ; Zniib Vtiirhmj Vystid, tni rier sit `l wniibs

eri ebweys chriftic l`rwerc emc c` m`t pbey em efthvi r`bi hm f`mtr`bbhmj tni stiirhmj, Znhbi hm 3 Zniib Vtiirhmj Vtiirhmj Vystid, tni rier wniibs c` pbey em efthvi r`bi l`r st iirhmj,



















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. N@MCE 3ZV VXVSID _55T Snhs systid hs cipimcimt `m tni stiir emjbi s` tnet tni

d`vidimt `l tni rier wniibs hs f`mtr`bbic ky tni emjuber d`vidimt `l tni lr`mt wniibs. L`r stiirhmj `l tni lr`mt wniibs up t` ekùt 561 cijriis, tni rier wniibs eri s` erremjic tnet tniy turm tnrùjn e sdebb emjbi hm tni sedi chrifth`m es tni lr`mt wniibs. Kiy`mc tnhs emjbi, tni rier wniibs jrecuebby strehjntim up emc tnim turm tnrùjn e f`dperethviby berji emjbi hm tni `pp`shti chrifth`m . Em Iphfyfbhf jier difnemhsd hmf`rp`retic hm tni rier stiirhmj jierk`x f`mtr`bs tni rier wniibs emjbis. E lhxic emmubus hs disnic whtn e berji pbemit jier, wnhfn hs crhvim ky em iffimtrhf `m tni hmput snelt. E sn`rt snelt hm hmtijreb whtn tni pbemit emc hs `llsit lr`d tni fimtri `l tni pbemit. Snhs snelt tremsdhts e crhvi tnrùjn e sbhcir emc juhci t` e stròi r`c, f`mmiftic t` tni rier wniib trefo r`cs . Vbhjnt d`vidimt `l tni hmput snelt r`tetis tni pbemit wnhfn hm turm d`vis tni `llsit ùtput snelt sbhjntby hm tni sedi chrifth`m es tni hmput. Es tni hmput snelt d`vis tni `llsit snelt t`wercs tni SCF p`shth`m , tni stròi r`c r`tetis kefo t` tni fimtreb p`shth`m s` tnet tni rier wniibs eri sit hm e strehjnt eniec p`shth`m. Es tni hmput snelt emc pbemit eri r`tetic t`wercs tni lubb-b`fo p`shth`m, tni stròi r`c ettehms dexhdud chspbefidimt emc f`msiquimtby e f`rrisp`mchmj d`vidimt `l tni rier wniibs teois pbefi. Sni rier jierk`x hs dehmtimemfi lrii emc hs jriesic l`r hts imthri bhli. Sni fimtri snelt fùpbhmjs nevi spbhmis t` k`tn stiirhmj jierk`xis. E destir spbhmi et iefn f`mmiftic p`hmt imsuris f`rrift essidkby `l tni umhts.



















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. pbemit. Snhs snelt tremsdhts e crhvi tnrùjn e sbhcir emc juhci t` e stròi r`c, f`mmiftic f`mmiftic t` tni rier wniib trefo r`cs . Sw` ibiftr`mhf sims`rs, hmstebbic et tremsdhssh`m ùtput emc spiic`ditir crhvi, diesuri tni vinhfbi spiic. Sni shjmebs eri pessic t` tni kuhbt-hm did`ry `l em ibiftr`mhf f`mtr`b umht (IFY), wnhfn f`ddemcs tni nycreubhf systid l`r sitthmj tni chrifth`m emc emjbi l`r tni rier wniibs. L`r spiics biss tnem 69 odpn, tni rier wniibs eri stiiric hm tni `pp`shti chrifth`m t` tnet `l tni lr`mt wniibs. Es 69 odpn hs epprèfnic, tni rier wniibs eri turmic t` tni strehjnt-eniec p`shth`m. Ek`vi tnhs spiic tni rier wniibs eri stiiric hm tni sedi chrifth`m es tni lr`mt wniibs whtn em emjbi bhdhtic t` 9 cijriis. Sni lumfth`ms `l tnisi f`dp`mimts hm stiirhmj tni rier wniibs eri es l`bb`ws7 5. Vims`rs t` diesuri vinhfbi spiic. ;. Vtiirhmj pnesi f`mtr`b umht f`mviys t` tni nycreubhf f`mtr`b vebvi tni riquhric stròi chrifth`m `l d`vidimt. (Nh) Ibiftrhf stippir d`t`r ebtirs tni yòi emjbi emc kivib jier pneshmj hm eff`rcemfi whtn tni shjmebs rifihvic lr`d tni IFY. 6. [ier stiirhmj snelt pr`vhcis tni p`shth`m `l tni l r`mt wniibs t` tni kivib jier hm tni stiirhmj pnesi f`mtr`b umht. 3. F`mtr`b vebvi f`mtr`bs tni nycreubhf prissuri suppbhic t` tni red fybhmcir. Nycreubhf red fybhmcir stiirs tni rier wniibs cipimchmj up`m tni riquhridimts.






















FNEQSI[ 67






















KEFOJ[@YMC KEFOJ[@YMC SNI@[X Sni d`st illifthvi typi `l stiirhmj, tnhs typi t ypi nes ebb tni lùr wniibs `l tni vinhfbi usic l`r stiirhmj purp`si. Hm e typhfeb lr`mt wniib stiirhmj s ystid tni rier wniibs c` m`t turm hm tni chrifth`m `l tni furvi emc tnus furk `m tni illhfhimfy `l tni stiirhmj. M`rdebby tnhs systid hs m`t kiim tni prilirric fn`hfi cui t` f`dpbixhty `l f`mvimth`meb difnemhfeb lùr-wniib stiirhmj systids. N`wivir, e liw fers bhoi tni N`mce Qribuci, Mhssem Voybhmi JS-[ nevi kiim evehbekbi whtn lùr-wniib stiirhmj systids, wniri wniri tni rier wniibs turm ky em emjbi t` ehc tni lr`mt wniibs hm stiirhmj. N`wivir, tnisi systids nec tni rier wniibs stiiric ky `mby ; `r 6 cijriis, es tnihr dehm ehd wes t` esshst tni lr`mt wniibs retnir tnem stiir ky tnidsibvis. Zhtn ecvemfis hm tifnm`b`jy, d`cirm lùr-wniib stiirhmj systids kèst `l lubby ibiftr`mhf stiir-ky-whri systids, iqueb stiir emjbis l`r lr`mt emc rier wniibs, emc sims`rs t` d`mht`r tni vinhfbi cymedhfs emc ecgust tni stiir emjbis hm rieb thdi. Ebtnùjn sufn e f`dpbix lùr wniib





















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. Sni vinhfbi sweys es tni rier wniibs ettidpt t` oiip up whtn tni f`rmirhmj l`rfis ebriecy jimiretic ky tni lr`mt thris. Snhs hs rilirric t` es rier-imc bej kifeusi tniri hs e thdi cibey kitwiim stiirhmj hmput emc vinhfbi riefth`m. Znim tni lr`mt wniibs eri turmic kefo t` e strehjnt-eniec p`shth`m, tni vinhfbi dust dust ejehm try t` ecgust ky rivirshmj tni sedi l`rfis civib`pic ky tni turm. Es tni stiirhmj hs turmic, tni vinhfbi k`cy sweys es tni rier wniibs ejehm try t` oiip up whtn tni f`rmirhmj l`rfis jimiretic ky tni lr`mt wniibs. Sni hcie kinhmc lùr-wniib stiirhmj hs tnet e vinhfbi riquhris biss crhvir hmput l`r emy stiirhmj demiuvir hl ebb lùr wniibs eri stiirhmj tni vinhfbi. Es whtn tw` wniib- stiir vinhfbis, thri jrhp n`bcs tni lùr wniibs `m tni rèc. .N`wivir, wnim tni crhvir turms tni wniib sbhjntby, ebb lùr wniibs rieft t` tni stiirhmj hmput, feushmj sbhp emjbis t` l`rd et ebb lùr wniibs. Sni imthri vinhfbi d`vis hm `mi chrifth`m retnir tnem tni rier nebl ettidpthmj ett idpthmj t` fetfn up t` tni lr`mt. Sniri hs ebs` eb s` biss swey wnim tni wniibs eri turmic kefo t` e strehjnt-eniec p`shth`m. Sni vinhfbi risp`mcs d`ri quhfoby t` stiirhmj hmput kifeusi rier wniib bej hs ibhdhmetic. Sni chrifth`m `l stiirhmj tni






















FNEQSI[ 37






















EQQBHFESH@M EQQBHFESH@M @L SN[II D@CI VSII[HMJ 3.5 QE[EBBIB QE[OHMJ7 Wir` stiir fem shjmhlhfemtby iesi tni perohmj pr`fiss cui t` hts ixtridiby sn`rt turmhmj l``tprhmt. Snhs hs ixidpbhlhic ky tni perebbib perohmj sfimerh`, wnhfn hs f`dd`m hm l`rihjm fùmtrhis emc hs pritty ribivemt t` ùr fht his. Niri e fer nes t` pero htsibl kitwiim tni tw` `tnir fers peroic `m tni sirvhfi bemi. Snhs demiuvir riquhris e tnrii-wey d`vidimt `l tni vinhfbi emc f`msiquimtby nievy stiirhmj hmputs. D`ri `vir t` suffisslubby pero tni vinhfbi whtnùt hmfurrhmj emy cedeji et biest 5.:9 thdis tni bimjtn `l tni fer dust ki evehbekbi l`r perohmj e tw` wniibic stiir fer. Es fem ki siim fbierby tni fer riquhris gust ekùt tni sedi bimjtn es htsibl t` pero hm tni sp`t. Ebs`, shmfi tni 6<1-cijrii d`ci cìs m`t riquhri stiirhmj hmputs tni crhvir fem
























3.; Nhjn spiic bemi fnemjhmj7 Em`tnir crhvhmj demìuvri tnet lriquimtby kif`dis fudkirs`di emc ivim cemjirùs hs fnemjhmj bemis et nhjn spiic. Ebtnùjn tnhs hs biss stiirhmj, simsht hvi tnhs cìs riquhri e b`t `l f`mfimtreth`m lr`d tni crhvir shmfi ni nes t` gucji tni spefi emc vinhfbis kinhmc tnid. Sni vinhfbi whtn err`ws hs tni d`cib umcir stucy. Es fem ki siim lr`d tni lhjuri























CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. emjbis. Ht f`mcuftic ixpirhdimt emc febfubetic l`r tni turmhmj rechus emc sujjistic b`w spiic turmhmj pirl`rdemfi hs hdpr`vic ky stiirhmj tni rier wniibs ùt `l pnesi whtn tni lr`mt wniibs t` ricufi tni turm rechus, tnus hdpr`vhmj demiuvirekhbhty. M`rdebby tni rier wniib stiir emjbis eri e lrefth`m `l tnet et tni p`hmt (typhfebby bhdhtic t` ekùt 9 cijriis `l stiir) emc dey `mby ki eppbhic et b`w spiics. Et 91 pirfimt rier stiir emjbi, e `mi-tnhrc ricufth`m hm turm rechus hs efnhivic. Et 511 pirfimt rier stiir emjbi, e 91 pirfimt ricufth`m hm turm rechus `ffurs. Sni prhdery ecvemteji `l 3ZV hs















































F@DQ@MIMSV Sni lùr wniibs stiirhmj whtn tnrii d`ci `pireth`m f`mshsts `l tni l`bb`whmj f`dp`mimts t` lubb lhbb tni riquhridimts `l f`dpbiti `pireth`m `l tni defnhmi. 

[efo emc phmh`m



Kivib jier



Vpur jier



Vtiirhmj
























3.; F@DQE[HV@M ZHSN C[H\I DIFNEMHVDV7 Sni cilhmhti vib`fhty reth` tnet tiitn jhvi jiers pr`vhcis em ecvemteji `vir `tnir crhvis (sufn es trefth`m crhvis emc \-kibts) hm prifhsh`m defnhmis sufn es wetfnis tnet cipimc up`m em ixeft vib`fhty reth`. Hm fesis wnir i crhvir emc l`bb`wir eri pr`xhdeb, jiers ebs` nevi em ecvemteji `vir `tnir crhvis hm tni ricufic mudkir `l perts riquhric? tni c`wmshci hs tnet jiers eri d`ri ixpimshvi t` demulefturi emc tnihr bukrhfeth`m riquhridimts dey hdp`si e nhjnir `pirethmj f`st.


























3.6.; VQY[ JIE[7

























CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. et e shmjbi p`hmt et `mi shci `l tni jier wniib? e d`vhmj furvi `l f`mteft tnim jr`ws jrecuebby efr`ss tni t``tn lefi t` e dexhdud tnim rificis umthb tni tiitn krieo f`mteft et

























CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. Sni tw` iqueb kut `pp`shti emjbis ecc t` zir`7 tni emjbi kitwiim snelts hs zir` tnet hs, tni snelts eri perebbib. Zniri tni sud `r tni chllirimfi (es cisfrhkic hm tni iqueth`ms


























3.6.< KI\IB JIE[7

























CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. Diem sphreb emjbi hs tni spifhlhf cishjmeth`m l`r tni sphreb emjbi et tni diem f`mi chstemfi hm e kivib jier. @utir sphreb emjbi hs tni sphreb emjbi `l e kivib jier et tni ùtir













































































































































































































































































































































































































CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. [iefth`m et lr`mt wniibs cui t` fimtrhlujeb l`rfi( QhL4Q`L) 4 68;5.35 M. [iefth`m et rier wniibs cui t` fimtrhlujeb l`rfi(Qh[4Q`[) 45695.86 M. [iefth`m et lr`mt wniibs cui t` jyr`sf`phf illift(UhL4U`L) 4 ;;6.56 M. [iefth`m et rier wniibs cui t` jyr`sf`phf illift(Uh[4U`[) 4;;6.56 M. S`teb riefth`m `m lr`mt wniibs (LL) 4 [hL-(QhL+UhL)4::8.9:8 M. S`teb riefth`m `m rier wniibs (L[) 4 [h[-(Qh[+Uh[) [h[ -(Qh[+Uh[) 45;;.99< M.

Sekbi 55.5 SEKYBESH@M [ECHH(D)

[ECHH(D)

6

DE^ VQIIC(OD/N) ;<

<1

DE^ VQIIC(OD/N) 5;1

51

38

:1

561

;1

<8

>1

568

61

>9

81

53:

31

8>

511

599

91

551

51<

5<1

Lhjuri 397 Jrepn `l [echus vs Dex spiic


















55.5.;. ; MC D@CI @L VSII[HMJ Jrevhteth`meb effibireth`m (J) 4 8.>5 d/s. Jr`ss Zihjnt (d) 4 5691 oj. Zihjnt `l vinhfbi (Z) 4 d * j 456;36.9 M [echus `l Zniib (rZ) 41.699< d. [echus `l furveturi([) 4 5.:><> d. Zhctn `l Srefo(x) 4 5.;89 d. Zniib Kesi (k) 45.;89 d. Chstemfi `l F.J. virthfebby ek`vi tni rèc surlefi (n)4 1.99 d. Chstemfi `l F.J. n`rhz`mtebby lr`d rier wniib exbi (b)4 1.8<6 d. Bhmier vib`fhty (\) 4 5< d/s. Dess d`dimt `l hmirthe `l wniib (HZ)4 41.> Md; Dess d`dimt `l hmirthe `l r`tethmj perts `l imjhmi ( HI) 456.9 Md;. Emjuber vib`fhty `l wniibs `r vib`fhty `l sphm (wZ) 45;.>9993 rec/s. Jier reth` (J) 43 Emjuber vib`fhty `l r`tethmj perts `l imjhmi (w i)4 495.3;;53 rec/s. \ib`fhty `l prifissh`m (wQ) 4\/[ 4;.99>333 rec/s [iefth`m `m lr`mt wniibs cui t` wihjnt ([ hl 4[ @L hl 4[ @L)438;3.5;>M. [iefth`m `m rier wniibs cui t` wihjnt([h[4[`[)45<8:.<;; M. [iefth`m et lr`mt wniibs cui t` fimtrhlujebl`rfi(QhL4Q`L)435>6.6;; M. [iefth`m et rier wniibs cui t` fimtrhlujeb l`rfi(Qh[4Q`[)4533;.;;9 M. [iefth`m et lr`mt wniibs cui t` jyr`sf`phf illift(UhL4U`L)4535.>:9: M. [iefth`m et rier wniibs cui t` jyr`sf`phf illift(Uh[4U`[)4535.>:9: M. S`teb riefth`m `m lr`mt wniibs(L L)4[ hl -(QhL+UHl )498>.8;89M )498>.8;89M hl -(Q S`teb riefth`m `m rier wniibs(L[ )4[ )4[ h[ -(Qh[ +U +Uh[ )4556.9;56M )4556.9;56M h[ -(Q

M`rdeb Vtiir D`ci7 [echus `l furveturi([) 4 6 d. Fr`ss Vtiir D`ci7 [echus `l furveturi([)45.:><> d.

6∛.:><> 511 4 31.33% 33% 6 √ 511

%[icufth`m4


















SEKBI 55.; SEKYBESH@M [ECHH(d) 6

F[@VV [ECHH(D) 5.:><>

DE^ VQIIC(OD/N) 5<

51

9.89<

61

;1

55.85;

3;

61

5:.><>

9;

6;

58.198;

93

Lhjuri 3<7Jrepn `l [echus vs Dex spiic

55.5.6. F[EK D@CI7 Jrevhteth`meb effibireth`m (J) 4 8.>5 d/s. Jr`ss Zihjnt (d) 4 5691 oj./ Zihjnt `l vinhfbi (Z) 4 d * j 456;36.9 M [echus `l Zniib (rZ) 41.699< d. Zhctn `l Srefo(x) 4 5.;89 d.

















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. Chstemfi `l F.J. n`rhz`mtebby lr`d rier wniib exbi(5)41.8<6d. Bhmier vib`fhty (\) 4 89 od/nr. Dess d`dimt `l hmirthe `l wniib (HZ) 41.> Md ; Dess d`dimt `l hmirthe `l r`tethmj perts `l imjhmi (HI) 456.9 Md;. Emjuber vib`fhty `l wniibs `r vib`fhty `l sphm (Z w)4:<.6;3 rec/s Jier reth` (J) 43 Emjuber vib`fhty `l r`tethmj perts `l imjhmi (w I)4619.65>8rec/s Fw 4;33.;995>;3 Md. Fi4 35;5.>1<;16 Md.

. F 436<<.1<56>9 Md. Z/; 4 <<;5.:9 M. Q/; 4 F/;x 4 5<>9.:6:8>: M. [546;6>.>9:3>> [546;6>.>9:3>> M. [;455.35<96>33 [;455.35<96>33 M. [64 <<51.6663<; M. [34 <<51.6663<; M.


















Sekbi 55.6 F`dperhs`m l`r tw` wniib stiir emc lùr wniib stiir Surmhmj

Lùr

Sw`

rechus

wniib stiir

wniib stiir

Ky

;.98 d

3.3 d

;.>9 d

9.:9 d

febfubeth`m Ky ixpirhdimt

55.; EC\EMSEJIV @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ 

Iesy dehmtimemfi.



D`ci fnemji hs iesy.



Hdpbidimteth`m hs iesy.



Ysic l`r iesy perohmj hm lùr wniibirs.



Ht hs eppbhfekbi l`r ebb lùr wniibic vinhfbis.

55.6 BHDHSESH@MV7  Sni 3ws, cui t` f`mstrufth`m `l demy miw f`dp`mimts, tni systid kif`dis d`ri

ixpimshvi. 

Sni systid hmfbucis es demy f`dp`mimts (ispifhebby ibiftr`mhfebby) tniri hs ebweys e fnemfi t` jit emy tni pert hmefthvi, tnus tni systid systid kif`di hm`pirethvi

 Vuspimsh`ms hm rier wniibs cidemcs f`mshcirekbi fnemjis l`r pr`pir w`rohmj `l tni vinhfbi whtn veryhmj bèc.




















FNEQSI[ 5;7 F@MFBYVH@M


















F@MFBYVH@M Em hmm`vethvi lieturi `l tnhs stiirhmj bhmoeji cishjm hs hts ekhbhty t` crhvi ebb lùr (`r tw`) wniibs ushmj e shmjbi stiirhmj eftuet`r. Hts suffisslub hdpbidimteth`m whbb ebb`w l`r tni civib`pdimt `l e lùr-wniib, stiiric p`wir kesi whtn dexhdud demiuvirekhbhty, umf`dpr`dhsic stethf stekhbhty, lr`mt- emc rier-wniib trefohmj, emc `pthdud `kstefbi fbhdkhmj fepekhbhty. Snus tni lùr-wniib stiirhmj systid nes j`t f`rmirhmj fepekhbhty, stiirhmj risp`msi, strehjnt-bhmi stekhbhty, bemi fnemjhmj emc b`w-spiic demiuvirekhbhty. Ivim tnùjn ht hs ecvemtejiùs `vir tni f`mvimth`meb tw`-wniib stiirhmj systid, 3ZV hs f`dpbix emc ixpimshvi. Furrimtby tni f`st `l e vinhfbi whtn lùr wniib stiirhmj hs d`ri tnem tnet l`r e vinhfbi whtn tni f`mvimth`meb tw` wniib stiirhmj. Lùr wniib stiirhmj hs jr`whmj hm p`puberhty emc ht hs bhoiby t` f`di hm d`ri emc d`ri miw vinhfbis. Es tni systids kif`di d`ri f`dd`mpbefi tni f`st `l lùr wniib stiir hmj whbb cr`p. Sni pr`gift ferrhic ùt ky us deci em hdprisshmj teso hm tni lhibc `l eut`d`khbi hmcustrhis. Ht hs viry usilubby l`r crhvir wnhbi crhvhmj tni vinhfbi. Snhs pr`gift nes ebs` ricufic tni f`st hmv`bvic hm tni f`mfirm. Qr`gift nes kiim cishjmic t` pirl`rd tni imthri riquhridimt teso wnhfn nes ebs` kiim pr`vhcic.


















FNEQSI[ 567 [ILI[IMFIV


















[ILI[IMFIV _5T. O.B`nhtn, Cr. V. [.Vnemoepeb, D. N. D`mhsn J`wce, ‒civib`pdimt `l lùr wniib sti irhmj systid l`r e fer—, sestifn sest ifn Gùrmeb, \`budi 5;, Hssui 5, Eprhb ;156. _;T. Chbhp V Fnùcnerh,—lùr wniib stiirhmj systid l`r luturi—, HVVM ;;:> ‖ 1538, 1538, \`b. 6, M`. 3, @ft`kir ;153. _6T. Z``mjsemj Gi`mj, Ghmnii Gemj, Fnemjs`` Nem, ‒d`cibhmj emc cymedhf emebyshs l`r lùr wniib stiirhmj vinhfbi—. _3T. Cr.Q.Vetnyekebem, [.Vhvepreoesed, E.\hghm Qreknu, J.sumcered, J.sumcered , ‒cishjmhmj emc lekrhfeth`m `l dubthpbi d`cis stiirhmj systid—, HGH[VIS HG H[VIS \`b. ;, Hssui 5;, Cifidkir ;156. _9T. Fnhn-Nshim Xu, Fnyuem-X`w Ssimj, Fnhn- Dhmj Fnemj, ‒stucy `m p`wir trehm `l tw` exbis lùr wniib crhvi ibiftrhf vinhfbi—, Imirjy Qr`fiche 53 (;15;) (;15;) 59;> ‖ 59;> ‖ 5969. 5969. _T. Qusnohm Jeuted, \hpub \hknemsnu, ‒sibiftekbi ebb wniib stiirhmj l`r em ES\—, Hmtirmeth`meb Gùrmeb `l Imjhmiirhmj [isierfn & Sifnm`b`jy (HGI[S), VVM7 ;;:>-15>5, HGI[S\3HV1>1653, HGI[S\3HV1>1653, \`b. 3 Hssui 1>, Eujust-;159. _8T. Q. Ciipeo, V. \edsnh [iccy, M. [edye, D. Kneretn Jùc, O. Fnemcre Vnioer, ‒cishjm emc emebyshs `l tnrii wniibic cueb stiirhmj stiirhmj vinhfbi—, Hmtirmeth`meb Gùrmeb `l Imjhmiirhmj [isierfn & Sifnm`b`jy (HGI[S),HVVM7 ;;:>-15>5. _51T.Veoit _51T.Veoit Knhsnhoer, \etseb Jucnoe, Miib Cebeb, Qeertn Dinte, Vumhb Knhb, E.F. Dinte, ‒cishjm emc shdubeth`m `l 3 wniib stiirhmj systid—, Hmtirmeth`meb Gùrmeb `l Imjhmiirhmj

















CIVHJM EMC LEK[HFESH@M @L SN[II D@CIV @L VSII[HMJ. _53T \. K. Knemcerh ‒ Cishjm `l Defnhmi Ibidimts— DfJrew Nhbb Icufeth`m Hmche Qvt. Btc., v`b. 6, 55tn Ichth `m, ;156. _59T QVJ F`bbiji `l Sifnm`b`jy ‒Cishjm Cete K`ò— Oebehoetnhr Oebeh oetnhr Efnfnejed, ;156. _5
Ethmcir

Vhmjn

‒Efoirdem

Vtiirhmj

L`rdube

Cirhveth`m—,

nttp7//www.sfrhkc.f`d/c`f/9><>;355/Efoirdem-Vtiirhmj-L`rdube-Cirhveth`m, ;155.

Gumi

Three Modes of Steering Report

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