CHAPTER I INTRODUCTION A. Back Backgr grou ound nd Language is a means of communication in human life. All people express
the mind of feeling only by language. The most important thing in human life is language because all human being use language to communicate one to another. In Kamus Besar Bahasa Indonesia (KBBI, 1!" ##$ “Bahasa ##$ “Bahasa diartikan sebagai sistem lambang bunyi yang bersifat sewenang-wenang dan konvensional yang dipakai sebagai alat komunikasi untuk melahirkan perasaan dan pikir an%. an %. In the &ebster of dictionary states that the language as a systematic means of commun communicat ication ion ideas ideas or feeling feeling by the use of commun communica icatio tion n signs, signs, sound sounds, s, gestur gestures, es, or mar's mar's haing haing underst understood ood meanin meanings. gs. )rom t*o general general meanin meanings gs about the language, there is a clear similarity that similarity language is used as a means means of commun communica icatio tion n delie deliers rs human human to unfold unfold idea idea or feelin feeling g by using using communication symbols including oice. According to Keraf in +marapradhipa (--" 1$ gies t*o definitions of lang langua uage ge.. “Pengertian “Pengertian pertama menyatakan menyatakan bahasa bahasa sebagai sebagai alat komunikasi komunikasi antara anggota masyarakat berupa simbol bunyi yang dihasilkan oleh alat ucap manusia. Kedua, bahasa adalah sistem komunikasi yang mempergunakan mempergunakan simbol simbol vokal (bunyi uaran! yang bersifat arbiter". arbiter". /ther things, according to /*en /*en in +etia +etia*a *an n (-(--#" #" 1$, 1$, lang langua uage ge can can be defi define ned d as a socia socially lly shar shared ed combinations of those symbols and rule goerned combinations of those symbols. +amsuri (1!0" $ explain that" "Bahasa tidak terpisahkan dari manusia dan bahasa bahasa mengik mengikuti uti dalam dalam setiap setiap peker pekeraan aannya nya,, mulai mulai saat saat bangun bangun pagi pagi sampai auh malam, sampai ia beristirahat manusia tidak lepasnya memakai bahasa, pada waktu manusia tidak berbicara hakekatnya ia uga masih memakai bahasa karena bahasa adalah alat yang dipakai untuk membentuk pikiran dan
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perasaannya, alat yang dipakai adalah adalah alat dasar pertama-tama dan berurat dari masyarakat manusia, bahasa adalah tanda-tanda yang elas dari kepribadian, yang baik maupun yang buruk, tanda dari pada keluarga dan bahasa, serta tanda yang elas dari pada budi pekerti manusia".
&ali2a li2a (1 (1#" #" $, $, states states that that “Bahas “Bahasa a ialah ialah komuni komunikasi kasi yang yang paling paling lengka lengkap p dan efektif efektif untuk untuk menyam menyampai paikan kan ide, ide, pesan, pesan, maksud maksud,, perasa perasaan an dan pendapat kepada orang lain". Pangabean (#$%#& '!, also states that “Bahasa adalah suatu sistem yang mengutarakan dan melaporkan apa yang teradi pada sistem saraf". The The last definitio definition n about about langua language ge from +oe2ono +oe2ono (103" (103" -1$, -1$, “Bahasa adalah suatu sarana perhubungan rohani yang amat penting dalam hidup bersama".
)rom the explanation aboe, it can be ta'en conclusions that language explanation includes the follo*ings" 1. . 3. .
+ound +ound symbol symbol system system arbiter arbiter.. 4ean 4eanss of com commu muni nicat catio ion. n. +ound +ound symbol symbol that that has has meani meaning. ng. 5sed by society society for interac interactio tion n In general, the language can be classified into t*o groups, namely national
and regional language. 6ational language is the language that is ta'en from some of regional languages li'e 7aanese, 7aanese, Balinese, and +umatra +umatra language, language, etc. &hile &hile regional language is as original language inherited from generation to generation. The regional language is ery useful for the people as a means of communication that is used in each region especially in common community. Badudu (1!0" !$ gies explanation about ho* the importance of existence of the mother tongue right no*. 8e says that “Bahasa daerah telah memperkaya bahasa ndonesia terutama dari segi perbendeharaan katanya, tidak sedikit kata bahasa daerah yang dipungut dan kemudian menadi kata bahasa ndonesia".
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/ne of the regional languages exist in +outh 9ast +ula*esi :roince, Buton ;egency is Kadatua dialect is one of the familiar from 4una language, altho althoug ugh h this this dial dialect ect is not not regi regist stere ered d as one one of the the regio regiona nall langu languag ages es in Indonesia, but the *ealth and ariety of the language ma'es the *riter to conduct it. The use of language in arious of life determines national as ciil nation and the arious of life are influenced by regional language.
"
Inod Inodii 'ala 'ala nae si'ola.
" I go to school. Kadatua Kadatua
of the sentence follo*ed follo*ed by predicate (erb$ (erb$ “kala" “kala",, “nae” as a preposition
3
function to sho* the place, “sikola" as aderb of place that become sub2ectie complement. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*s that “" as sub2ect of the sentence follo*ed by predicate (erb$ “go", ”to” as preposition that function to sho* the place, “the school" as aderb of place that become sub2ectie complement. $ K< 9L
" "
La A'a negasia golu nae oleono 8amisi. La A'a plays football on Thursday. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a *ka" as sub2ect
of the sentence, the actor prefix “ne-" that fran' in front of erb “gasia" become “negasia" as predicate (erb$, “golu" as ob2ect , “nae” as preposition function to sho* the time, “oleono +amisi" as aderb of time in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a *ka" as sub2ect of the sentence follo*ed by predicate (erb$ “plays", “football" as ob2ect, “on” as preposition function to sho* the time, “hursday" as aderb of time in the sentence.
3$ K< 9L
" /isa'u pa'atu doi sao inodi. " 4y brother send money for me. Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, the position of
“oisaku" is before predicate *hich functioned as sub2ect of the sentence
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“pakatu" as a erb that functioned as predicate in the sentence, “doi" is ob2ect. “sao” as a preposition, “inodi" as ob2ect complement. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, the position of the “y brother" is before predicate *hich functioned of the predicate sentence “send" as a erb, *hich function as predicate in the sentence. “money" is ob2ect. “for” as a preposition, “me" is ob2ect complement. Based on the examples aboe, the *riter is interested in doing this research about “The Study of Preposition in Muna Language Kadatua Dialect and English ( !ontrasti"e nalysis#” .
B. Problem Statement
Based on the aboe bac'ground, the problem statements of this research are as follo*s" 1. 8o* is the function and position of prepositions in 4una language Kadatua dialect and 9nglish> . 8o* are the differences and similarities of prepositions in 4una Language Kadatua dialect and 9nglish in sentences>
C. Te Ob!ect"#e o$ te Re%earc
The ob2ectie of this research are as follo*s"
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1. To find out the function and position of prepositions in 4una language Kadatua dialect and 9nglish. . To find out the differences and similarities of prepositions in 4una language Kadatua dialect and 9nglish. D. Te S"gn"$"cance o$ te Re%earc 1. To gie information about prepositions in 4una Language Kadatua
and 9nglish for the user. . As one of information sources for further research *hich is releant to the problem *ith this topic. E. Te Sco&e o$ te Re%earc
The scope of this research is focused on simple prepositions in 4una language Kadatua dialect and 9nglish.
'. Te De$"n"t"on o$ Term%
To preent the misunderstanding of the reader, the *riter presents the follo*ing term? they are as follo*s" 1. :reposition are *ords that used *ith a noun and pronoun that are placed in front of them to sho* a relation bet*een these *ords *ith another part of the sentences. (+lamet ;iyanto, --!" $ . @ontrastie analysis is the systematic study of the pair of language *ith a ie* to identify their structural differences and similarities. ( /ile&00102 34/434560 7ontrastive *nalysis.htm.8#8!
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CHAPTER II RE(IE) O' RE*ATED *ITERATURE
A. Conce&t o$ *anguage
:eople hae interested in the language from along time ago. )or this matter, reading poetry or the first language of children in depended on the mother tongue that *e collect language. ;onald in 8astriyani (10#" 1$ defines that Language is *hat the member of particular society spea'. 8o*eer, as *ell shall see speech in almost any society can ta'e different forms and *e should also note that cur definition of language includes in it refers to society. &hateer people may do *hen they come together *hateer day plays, fights, ma'e automobiles they tal'. &e lie in the *orld of *ords.
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The position of language is more than any other attribute. To understand our humanity, one must understand the language that ma'es us human. According to philosophy that in the rights and religion of many people, language, *hich is the sound of human li'e po*er. )urthermore, language cannot be released from culture. It can be proed by a fe* explanations as follo*s" +apir in 8astriyani (1" -!$ ac'no*ledges the close relationship bet*een language and culture, mentioning that they *ere inextricable related so that could not understand or appreciate one *ithout a 'no*ledge of the other. +ince a language is ery important for humans life, many linguist hae gien definition about language. Boey (1!" 3$ defines that" CLanguage is a social phenomena. It is a means of communication bet*een indiiduals. It also brings them into relationship to their enironment. Language is therefore socially learned behaior, a s'ill that is acDuired as *e gro* up in society%. The aboe definition tell us that language is able to describe all thing that occur in society. It used to identify the social condition of its spea'er. )urthermore, it is a tool of communication among people in community in *hich they learned attitude, politeness, moral and other rules of life. )urthermore, 6ars (1!0"1$ states that %Language is a part of culture. It is part of human behaior. Language is an acDuired habit of systematical ocal actiity representing meaning coming from human experience. /ne can also say simply that language is acDuired ocal system for communicating meanings.%
8
&ardhaugh in 4ulya*an (1!" $ defines that" a language is system ocal symbol used for human communication. The opinion is similar to *hat is noted in &ebsters Third International
9
gesture and imagines. (http"FF***.signgenius.comFsignlanguageFdefenitionGofG language.shtml$. Language is also complex because each of them constitutes part of the culture, *hich proides it. 9ach language is adeDuate for the need of the user of language. 9ery language is a good as another language that seres the purpose of particular culture. Language is needed *hen the user needs improement.
B. Te Emergence o$ Reg"onal *anguage Proce%% ;egional language is a language spo'en in an area of nation state, *hether
it is small area, a federal state or proince, or some *ider area. Language is a social phenomenon *hich refers to a means of communication bet*een indiidual, and also brings them into relationship to their enironment. +ince language is a social phenomenon, so its emergence of regional language process is closely related to human condition. Tal'ing about the emergences of regional language process, first of all, *e hae to see the condition of the regional language itself. Besides that, *e need to concentrate our attention on the behaior and the condition of the language spea'er. The spea'ers behaior al*ays uses arbitrary language after*ards, language deelopment and formation is suitable *ith conention or social agreement. It means that if there is thing, there is name and the ne* thing *hich is not found in a certain area, should not be found in other areas. !$ S+nta,e% Tal'ing about syntax as one support the theories of thi *riting is necessary.
According to Bissant= et al (10!"13$, that syntax is the study of the structure of
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sentence. It attempts to uncoer the underlying principles, or rules for constructing *ellGformed sentence of a particular language. The statement expressed by Bissant= is in relation to the statement, *hich is expressed by ;amlan in :ateda (101" 0$ that “synta;is adalah bagian atau cabang ilmu bahasa yang membicarakan seluk-beluk wacana, kalimat, klausa, dan frase. In TBBI (Al*i, 10"311$ is stated that “Kalimat adalah suatu bahasa terkecil, dalam wuud lisan atau tulisan, yang mengungkapkan pikiran yang utuh." The definition of sentences stated by Al*i contains the understanding that in oral ariety, the sentence in pronounced *ith rising and falling intonation (oice$ and hard *ea', ended *ith rising intonation. In *ritten ariety, the sentences begin *ith capital letter ended *ith period (.$, Duestion mar' (>$, or exclamation (H$, mean *hile, it is also follo*ed by the punctuation such comma (,$, semi colon (?$, hyphen (G$, and space. )urthermore, )ran' (1!" -$ gien a different definition that sentence is a full prediction containing a sub2ect plus predicate *ith a finite erb. Its arrangement may be symboli=ed such as + / (+ub2ect J :redicate J /b2ect$. )or instance, 3obert builds a new house. The italici=ed sentence contains 3obert as sub2ect (+$, Builds, as a predicate (:$, and a new house as /b2ect (/$. The statement is relation to the statement *ho expressed by Bloomfiel in his language (1#0" 1!$ defines that a sentence is an independent linguistic form, not include by irtue of any grammatical construction. The most important elements are the elements *hich occupying +ub2ect (+$ and predicate (:$ function. 6o sentence *ithout any sub2ect of predicate. As a part of grammar, syntax can function to analy=e the contraction? they are sentence, clause, and phrase. +entence can be ie*ed as linier seDuence of
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*ord. These are grouping *ithin the seDuence that result in hierarchical structure (7acob, 1" 3$. The statement, *hich expressed by 7acob is related to statement of Kridala'sana, (10" 1#3$ that “Kalimat adalah satuan bahasa yang secara relatif berdiri sendiri mempunyai intonasi final baik secara aktual maupun pontensial terdiri dari klausa".
D. Contra%t"#e Anal+%"% In communication *e sometimes heard and found many language that
used by people *ho lie in different place or country of course, they are hae the same and different position and function, By seeing this opinion, *e hae understood that terms of diachronic and synchronic hae sho*n a different language deelopment although for the first time, these language came from the same resources. @ontrastie analysis is the systematical study of a pair of language *ith a structural differences and similarities historical it has been used to establish. @ontrastie analysis describes the structural differences and similarities of t*o or more language. (/ile& 102 34/4345607ontrastive *nalysis.htm.8#8!. 8ornby (1!$ defines that" C@ontrast sho*s a differences *hen compared and analysis is separation into parts possibly *ith comment and 2udgment. @ontrastie analysis is a study that comparing something to another into parts possibly to sho* the differences or the similarities *ith comment and 2udgment%. @ontrastie analysis has proided aluable in locating area as of inter language interferences. It means that, *here there is contrast or differences mother language, it *ill be contrast problem in learning a second language. &hen a systematic comparison of the t*o languages has been made, the similarities and
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the differences are reealed. /ne can than predict the learners difficulties, because they *ill be in the area differences bet*een the t*o language there *ill be not learning problem *here there are similarities.
E. Sentence In the field language of linguistic a sentence an expression in natural
language is often defined language to indicate grammatical and lexical unit consisting of the one or more *ords that represent distinct concepts. A sentence can include *ords group meaningfully to express a statement, Duestion, exclamation, reDuest or command. As *ith all language expressions, sentences contain both semantic and logical elements (*ords, parts of speech$ and also include action symbols that indicate sentence also contain properties distinct to natural language such as characteristic in most languages by the presence of a finite erb. 9xample" The Duic' bro*n fox 2umps oer the la=y day. 4asud (11" 1$ says that sentence (kalimat! adalah sekumpulan kata yang mempunyai paling sedikit satu subek (pokok kalimat! dan satu predikat (sebutan kalimat! serta mengandung pengertian yang sempurna (lengkap!. As a part of grammar, syntax can function to analy=e the construction they sentence, clause and phrase. +entence can be ie*ed as liner seDuence of *ord. These are grouping *ithin the seDuence that result in hierarchinal structures (7acob" 1"3$. '. Pre&o%"t"on
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:reposition is a class of *ords that indicate relationship bet*een nouns, pronouns and other *ords in a sentence. 4ost often they come before a noun. They neer change their form, regardless of the case, gender etc. :reposition is al*ays follo*ed by noun (pronoun$. They are connectie *ords that sho* the relationship bet*een the noun follo*ing them and one of the basic sentence element" sub2ect, erb, ob2ect, or complement. They usually indicate relationship such as" position, place, direction, time etc. Bet*een their ob2ect and other part of the sentences. The preposition plus its ob2ects is called the prepositional phrase. T2iptadi, (10!" !$ says that “Preposisi adalah kata-kata yang menunukkan hubungan arah atau tempat antara bagian kalimat. Kata depan antara lain di, ke, pada, dengan, yang semua itu mempunyai fungsi dan makna yang berbeda-beda." According to Aryanto (100"
1$ “Preposisi adalah suatu yang
menunukkan antara kegiatan yang di depannya dengan nominal atau pronominal yang berikutnya." )ran' (1!" 1#$ defines that preposition is classified as a part of speech in traditional grammar. It signals that noun of a noun structure follo*s it, the prepositionGnoun combination constitutes a prepositional phrase. A preposition phrase may faction as an aderb, ad2ectie or noun. &ishon (10-" 0$ illustrates the use of preposition as follo*s" 1. :reposition of place or preposition, namely" across, after, at, before,
G G G G G
behind, bello*, by, on, under, bet*een, near, etc. 9xample" 8er house is across the street. ou shouldnt smo'e near the gasoline, etc. 8e came here before them. There is a secret between you and me. 4y boo' is under on the table.
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. :reposition of direction namely" into, out of, thought, to*ard, across, to, by, etc. 9xample" G I sa* her going into theater a fe* minutes. G 8e too' some money out of this poc'et, etc. 3. :reposition of time, namely" after, before, during, in, at, by, about, from, to, fromMMuntil, etc. 9xample" G ou came after me. G The boy goes to school at seen ocloc'. G Ta'e this medicine before mealtime. G 1uring the *inter, I thin' I *ill go to America. G n the morning, afternoon, eening , etc. . :reposition of purpose or reason, namely" for 9xample"
.
#.
!.
0. G .
G Ta'e medicine for your headache. :reposition of possession, namely" of, by, li'e 9xample" G I en2oy going they by train. G The bi'e of my friend is ne*. G That clo*n *al's like a duc' :reposition of 4anner, instrument, namely" by, in, li'e, *ith, on 9xample" G 8e cut the stic' with a 'nife. G 8e did it on purpose. G That clo*n *al's like a duc', etc. :reposition of identification, namely" at, by, in, on, *ith 9xample" G The shop at the corner sells stamps. G That boo' by 8eming*ay as masterpiece. :reposition of agent, namely" by 9xample" This film *as directed by a director. :reposition of material, namely *ith
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G G
9xample" I must fill my pen with in'. +oap is made from copra. 1-. :reposition of Duality, namely " by 9xample" G 4eat is sold by the pound or by the 'ilo.
CHAPTER III -ETHOD O' THE RESEARCH
A. De%"gn o$ te Re%earc
This research *as Dualitatie research by applied contrastie analysis *ith the purpose is to analy=e the prepositions bet*een 9nglish and in Kadatua dialect. B. Data Source
The data sources that used in this research *ere oral and *ritten data. )or oral data the researcher too' from utterance of informants *ho lie in Kadatua district. &hile 9nglish data too' from some 9nglish text boo's. To get data needed in this research, the *riter too' some informants, *ho fulfill the reDuirements" 1. The informants must be natie spea'er of Kadatua dialect. . The age of informants is bet*een 1!G#- years old. 3. 8aing educational bac'ground, at least graduation of elementary school. . 8aing enough time and be ready to be informant. . 8aing complete organ of speech. (+amarin, 100" G!$. )or *ritten the data, the *riter too' some sources, they *ere fol'lore (story telling$ of Kadatua dialect and result of the preious research that related to this topic and the other linguistic boo's *hich *ere releant to this research.
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Tecn"ue o$ Data Collect"on%
The methods in this research *ere field and library research. Library research hae been done by reading some boo's about fol'lore (story telling$ of 4una language Kadatua dialect and loo'ing for the data from internet *hich *ere releant to the title of this research, and the results of the preious research *hich *ere releant to this topic, *hile field research hae been done by as'ing and isiting the informants directly. In collecting the data, the *riter used the follo*ing techniDues" 1. /bseration? it *as done by isiting the ob2ect of the research directly to obtain the oral data about preposition in 4una language Kadatua dialect and 9nglish. . Interie*" techniDue of data collection by giing seeral Duestions to informants. 3. 9licitation. It used by giing the Duestion to the informants directly. This used to get the simple sentences *hich hae relation to the title and the problem statement. . 6oting. It used by noting the data and information *hich deried from the informants *hich connected *ith this research. .
Tecn"ue o$ Data Anal+%"%
In analy=ing the data in this research, the *riter applied the follo*ing steps"
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1.
4a'ing the data corpus of the ob2ect research. . @lassifying the data of both languages based on the position in sentences form. 3.
CHAPTER I( 'INDIN/ AND DISCUSSION
A. '"nd"ng
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Based on the result of the research concerning *ith the preposition in Kadatua dialect and 9nglish, the researcher found that preposition in Kadatua dialect consists of simple preposition such as& nae, naelalo, naewawo, naepanda, naekundo, naehowa, sao, maiyaonae, naelepe, paliki, and naepotala
these prepositions either “naelalo" in Kadatua
dialect or “in, inside, into" in 9nglish are usually before noun, pronoun and aderb of place. c. The meaning of preposition “naewawo" in Kadatua dialect is “on" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* the place or position and they are used to indicate contact *ith surface. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition naewawo$ or in 9nglish (preposition on$ are usually before noun or aderb of place. d. The meaning of preposition “naepanda" in Kadatua dialect is “under or below" in 9nglish. Although, “under" and “below" hae same meaning
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but they are different in using. “=nder" refers to a place directly belo* a certain point, and “below" refers to a place lo*er than a certain point. But preposition “naepanda" in Kadatua dialect can be used as both prepositions, either “under" or “below". Te $unct"on of these prepositions to sho* the place or position. And te &o%"t"on of these preposition either (preposition naepanda$ in Kadatua dialect or in 9nglish (prepositions under or below$ are usually before noun or aderb of place. e. The meaning of preposition “naekundo" in Kadatua dialect is “behind" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* the place or position and they are used to explain something is behind. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition naekundo$ or in 9nglish
$.
(preposition behind $ are usually before noun or aderb of place. The meaning of preposition “naehowa" in Kadatua dialect is “in front of" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* the place or position. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition naehowa$ or in 9nglish (preposition in front of $ are usually
before noun or aderb of place. g. :reposition “sao" in Kadatua dialect is “for" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* the purpose or reason. In 9nglish, preposition for can be used to sho* a purpose of time (ex" I played iolin for three years$ but it can not be used in Kadatua dialect. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition naehowa$ or in 9nglish (preposition in front of $ are usually stand before noun or ob2ect pronoun. . The meaning of preposition “maiyaonae" in Kadatua dialect is “from" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* a place of origin,
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starting place and material. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition maiyaonae$ or in 9nglish (preposition from$
".
are usually before noun or possesie pronoun. The meaning of preposition “naelepe% in Kadatua dialect is “beside" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* the place or position. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition naelepe$ or in 9nglish (preposition beside$ are usually before noun or
!.
aderb of place. The meaning of preposition “paliki" in Kadatua dialect is “arround" in 9nglish. Te $unct"on of both prepositions to sho* the place or position and they are used to explain something is beside. And te &o%"t"on of preposition either in Kadatua dialect (preposition paliki$ or in 9nglish
(preposition arround $ are usually before noun, pronoun or aderb of place. k. The meaning of preposition “naepotala
9nglish is discussed in this follo*ing items" 0. Pre&o%"t"on “nae” 21D3 and “in, on, at, to” 2E*3
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Kadatua dialect used preposition “nae” to indicate time, placeFposition, and direction. The meaning of preposition “nae” in Kadatua diaelct, and “in, at, on, to” in 9nglish. It means that preposition “nae” has meaning and function *ith “in, at, on, to” . &hile, preposition “in, at, on, to” in 9nglish hae different usage
een though they hae same meaning. The follo*ing is descriptie of the position and function of preposition “nae” (K<$ and “in, at, on, to” (9L$ in sentences forms"
9xample 1 K< 9L
" "
Babatuaiya dohato nae puluno Kadatua.
The soldiers arried in 'adatua island. In Kadatua
sub2ect of the sentence, “do
"
8obineno nofosuhue indofi 'enta nae tei.
9L
"
8is *ife forced to loo' for some fish in the sea.
In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “+obineno" as sub2ect of the sentence, the actor prefix “no-" that fran' in front of erbs
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“fosuhue indofi", “kenta" as ob2ect, “nae” as preposition that functioned to sho* the place, “te
"
Inando nodumba nae tei.
9L
"
Their mother apperead in the sea. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “inando" as sub2ect
of the sentence, the actor prefix “no-" that fran' in front of erb “dumba" become “nodumba" as predicate (erb$, “nae” as preposition, “te
"
9L
"
La A'a negasia golu nae oleono 8amisi. La A'a plays football on Thursday. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a *ka" as sub2ect
of the sentence, the actor prefix “ne-" that fran' in front of erb “gasia"
23
become “negasia" as predicate (erb$, “golu" as ob2ect , “nae” as preposition function to sho* the time, “oleono +amisi" as aderb of time in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a *ka" as sub2ect of the sentence follo*ed by predicate (erb$ “plays", “football" as ob2ect, “on” as preposition function to sho* the time, “hursday" as aderb of time in the sentence.
9xample K<
"
&andoa deindofi inando nae *i*ino tei.
9L
"
They loo'ed for their mother at the shore. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “wandoa"
as
sub2ect of the sentence, the actor prefix “de<-" that fran' in front of erb “indofi" become “de
"
Auma*o nae lambu.
24
9L
"
I *ill go bac' to the house. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “*" as sub2ect of the
sentence, the actor prefix “u-" that fran' in front of erbs “mawo" become “a
as sub2ect of the
sentence, “will" as auxiliary erb, “go back" as predicate (erb$, “to” as preposition, and “ the house" as aderb of place in the sentence. 9xample ! K<
"
Inando netudu totolu *anano a*o nae lambu.
9L
"
Their mother ordered to three her children to go bac' to the house. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “inando" as sub2ect
of the sentence, the actor prefix “ne<-" that fran' in front of erb “tudu" become “ne
25
K<
"
&andoa doa*o fendua nae tei.
9L
"
They came bac' to the sea. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “wandoa" as sub2ect
of the sentence, the actor prefix “do<-" that fran' in front of erb “awo fendua" become “do
"
In sentences of Kadatua dialect aboe, preposition “Nae” 2ust has one form but hae same meaning “in”, “on”, “at”, and “to” . &hile in 9nglish sentences hae four
forms of preposition “in”, “on”, “at”, and “to” but all of them has same meaning “nae” in Kadatua dialect. S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “nae” in Kadatua dialect and “in”, “on”, “at”, “to” in 9nglish in examples aboe are 26
before aderb of place (noun$, aderb of time and function to sho* the place, to sho* the time and to sho* the direction.
5. Pre&o%"t"on “naelalo” 21D3 and “in, “inside, into ” 2E*3
:reposition “naelalo” in Kadatua dialect, “in”, “inside”, and “into” in 9nglish. These prepositions are used to explain something inside and they are usually stand before noun or noun phrase. “in” and “inside” refer to the place or position, “into” refer to direction. The follo*ing is description of the position and function of preposition “naelalo” (K<$ “in, inside or into” (9L$ in sentences forms"
9xample 1 K<
" 8obineno nehunca 'enta 'abilaa naelalo almari.
9L
" 8is *ife saed rest of fish in the cupboard. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “hobineno" as
sub2ect of the sentence, the actor prefix “ne-" that fran' in front of erb “hunca" become “nehunca" as predicate (erb$ , Ckenta kabila
27
The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “his wife" as sub2ect of the sentence follo*ed by predicate (erb$ “save", Crest of fish" as ob2ect, “in” as preposition, “the" as article, and “cupboard" as aderb of place (noun$. 9xample K< " A lodo naelalo 'amara'u. 9L
" I sleep inside my bedroom. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “*" as sub2ect of the
sentence follo*ed by predicate (erb$ “lodo", “naelalo" as preposition, Ckamaraku" as aderb of place that consist of noun “kamara" and possessie pronoun “ku". The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “"
as sub2ect of the
sentence4 “sleep" as erb, “inside” as preposition, “my bedroom" as aderb of place that consist of possessie pronuon “my" and noun “bedroom" in the sentence. 9xample 3 K<
" A *oha nomaso naelalo 'antori.
9L
" I sa* going into the office. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “*" as sub2ect of the
sentence follo*ed by predicates (erbs$ “woha nomaso", “naelalo” as preposition, “kantori" as aderb of place (noun$
28
The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “" as sub2ect of the sentence4 “saw" as erb, “into” as preposition, “the office" as aderb of place in the sentence. Based on the three examples of preposition “naelalo” aboe, sho* that preposition “naelalo” in example 1 has meaning “in” in 9nglish, in example has meaning “inside” in 9nglish and in example 3 has meaning “into” in 9nglish. The differences and similarities of those prepositions in
sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
"
In 9nglish sentences preposition “in” , “inside” and “into” refer to the place or position. &hile, in Kadatua dialect using one preposition that is “naelalo” . /r in Kadatua dialect preposition to indicate the place, position or position 2ust used one form, that is “naelalo” but hae same meaning “in”, “inside”, and “into” in 9nglish. &hile, in 9nglish used three forms of prepositions, those are “in”, “inside” and “into” but all of them hae same meaning “naelalo” in Kadatua dialect. And also in example the
position of preposition “naelalo” in Kadatua dialect and “inside” in 9nglish is follo*ed by noun J possessie
pronoun. &hile, 9nglish preposition is follo*ed by possessie pronoun J noun.
29
S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “naelalo” and “in” , “inside” or “into” in 9nglish in both languages are before aderb of
place (noun$ or position and function to sho* the place. 6. Pre&o%"t"on “nae%a%o” 21D3 and “on” 2E*3
:reposition “nae%a%o” in Kadatua dialect, “on” in 9nglish. These prepositions are used to indicate contact *ith surface, and they are usually stand before noun or noun phrase. The follo*ing is description of the position and function of preposition “nae%a%o” (K<$ “on” (9L$ in sentences forms"
9xample 1 K<
" &andoa dofoma fenoma pada titala'ino nae%a%o me2a.
9L
" They ate food *ho hae sered on the table. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “wandoa" as sub2ect
of the sentence, the actor prefix “do<-" that fran' in front of erb “foma" become “do
30
“have served" as erb, “on” as preposition, “the table" as aderb of place (noun$ that consist of article “the" and “table" as noun in the sentence. 9xample K<
" Anoa nehunca bo'u nae%a%o fotuno.
9L
" +he puts the boo' on her head. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “anoa" as sub2ect of
the sentence, the actor prefix “ne-" that fran' in front of erb “hunca" become “nehunca" as predicate (erb$, “boku" as ob2ect, “nae%a%o” as preposition and “fotuno" as aderb of place that consist of “fotu" as noun and “no" as possessie pronoun. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “she" as sub2ect of the sentence, “puts", “the book" as ob2ect “on” as preposition, “her head" as aderb of place (noun$ in the sentence that consist of “her" as possessie pronoun and “head" noun. Based on the examples of preposition “nae%a%o” aboe, sho* that preposition “nae%a%o” in example 1 and hae meaning “on” in 9nglish. The differences and similarities of those prepositions in sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" In Kadatua dialect sentences aboe, the position of preposition “nae%a%o” in example is follo*ed by noun J possessie pronoun. &hile, in 9nglish preposition is
31
follo*ed by possessie pronoun J noun. And in example 1 there is no different of position and function of preposition in both languages. S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “nae%a%o” and “on” in 9nglish are before aderb of place (noun$ and function of preposition to sho* the place.
7.
Pre&o%"t"on “naepanda” 21D3 and “under” 2E*3
The meaning of the preposition “naepanda” in Kadatua dialect, “&nder” or “'elo%” in 9nglish. “&nder” refers to a place directly belo* a certain point, “'elo%” refers to a place lo*er than a certain point. These prepositions refers to
the place or position. Both prepositions are described as follo*s" 9xample 1 K<
" La /de A*ali nentoo naepanda puu 'abala.
9L
" La /de A*ali sat under the big tree. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a >de *wali" as
sub2ect of the sentence, the actor prefix “nen-" that fran' in front of erb “to
32
"big" as ad2ectie that consist of article “the" and “tree" as aderb of place (noun$. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a ode *wali" as sub2ect of the sentence, “sat" as predicate (erb$, “under” as preposition, “the" as article and “tree" as aderb of place (noun$ and “big" as ad2ectie in the sentence. 9xample K<
" ;o nohato naepanda tu.
9L
" The s'irt reaches 'elo% the 'nee. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “ro" as sub2ect of
the sentence, the actor prefix “no-" that fran' in front of erbs “hato" become “nohato" as predicate (erb$, “naepanda” as preposition function to sho* the place or position, "tu" as aderb of place (noun$ that become sub2ectie complement in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “the skirt" as sub2ect, “reaches" as predicate (erb$ of the sentence, “'elo%” as preposition and “ the knee" as aderb of place (noun$ that become sub2ectie complement in the sentence. Based on the t*o examples of preposition “naepanda” aboe, sho* that preposition “naepanda” in example 1 and hae meaning “under” and “'elo%” in 9nglish. The differences and similarities of those prepositions in
sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" In
Kadatua
dialect
sentences
aboe,
preposition
“Naepanda” 2ust has one form but hae same meaning
33
“under” and “'elo%” . &hile, in 9nglish sentences of
prepositions “&nder” *as used refers to a place directly belo* a certain point and “'elo%” *as used refers to a place lo*er than a certain point or hae t*o forms of prepositions but both of them hae same meaning “naepanda” in 'adatua dialect. S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “naepanda” in Kadatua dialect and “under” and “'elo%” in 9nglish. In both languages are before aderb of place (noun$ and function of prepositions to sho* the place.
8.
Pre&o%"t"on “naeundo” 21D3 and “'ehind” 2E*3
The meaning of the preposition “naeundo”
in Kadatua dialect,
“'ehind” in 9nglish. These prepositions are used to explain something is behind.
In this case, it refers to the place or position. Both prepositions are described as follo*s" 9xample 1 K<
" Taodi tasambuhe naeundo si'ola mami.
9L
" &e s*eep 'ehind our school. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “ta
of the sentence, the actor prefix “ta-" that fran' in front of erb “sambuhe" become “tasambuhe" as predicate (erb$, “naeundo”
34
as preposition ,
“sikola mami"
as aderb of place (noun$ that consist of “mami" as
possessie pronoun “sikola" as noun in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “they" is sub2ect of the sentence, “sweep" as predicate (erb$, “'ehind” as preposition, our school" as aderb of plce that consist of “our" as possessie pronoun and “school" as noun in the sentence. 9xample K< 9L
" Anoa nofebungi naeundo isano. " 8e hid 'ehind her older sister. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “anoa" as sub2ect of
the sentence, the actor prefix “no-" that fran' in front of erb “febungi" become “nefebungi" as predicate (erb$, “naeundo” as preposition,“isano" as aderb of place (noun$ in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “+e" as sub2ect of the sentence, “hid" as predicate (erb$, “'ehind” as preposition, “her older sister" as aderb of place (noun$ in the sentence. Based on the examples of preposition “naeundo” aboe, sho* that preposition “naeundo” in example 1 and hae meaning “'ehind” in 9nglish. The differences and similarities of those prepositions in sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" In Kadatua dialect sentences aboe, the position of preposition “naeundo” in Kadatua dialect and “on” in example 1 is follo*ed by noun J possessie pronoun.
35
&hile, in 9nglish preposition is follo*ed by possessie pronoun J noun. And in example there is no different of position and function of preposition in both languages. S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “naeundo” and “'ehind” in 9nglish. In both languages are before aderb of place (noun$ and some prepositions function to sho* the place.
9. Pre&o%"t"on “in front of” 21D3 and “naeho%a” 2E*3
The meaning of preposition “naeho%a” in Kadatua dialect, “in front of” in 9nglish. These preposition are used to explain something is in front of. In this case, it refers to the place or position. Both prepositions are described as follo*s" 9xample" 1 K<
"
La Ka*anta 2ang'u noehe naeho%a no.
9L
"
La Ka*anta 7ang'u stood in front of him (La Kabunto$. In Kadatua
angku" as sub2ect of the sentence, “no
36
The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, )a Kawanta ?angku" as sub2ect of the sentence, “stood" as erb, “in front of” as preposition, “him" as pronoun that become ob2ect complement in the sentence. Based on the t*o examples of preposition “naeho%a” aboe, sho*ed that preposition “naeho%a” in example 1 has meaning “in front of” in 9nglish. The differences and similarities of that preposition in sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" There are not differences of position and function of preposition in both languages.
S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “naeho%a” in Kadatua dialect and “in front of” in 9nglish. In both languages are before aderb of place (noun$ and function
of preposition to
sho* the place. :. Pre&o%"t"on “sao” 21D3 and “for” 2E*3 The meaning of preposition “sao in Kadatua dialect, “for” in 9nglish. It is
used to sho* a purpose or reason. In 9nglish, preposition for can be used to indicate duration of time ( ex. I played piano for t*o years$ but can not be used in Kadatua
" Kaepuini noae gauno naoma 'enta 'abila sao *amano.
9L
"
The youngest brother cried *ant to eat the rest of fish for his father.
37
In Kadatua
" /idi aoli sapatu sao *ai'u inde*i.
9L
" I bought the shoes for my sister yesterday. In Kadatua
the sentence, the actor prefix “a-" that fran' in front of erb “oli" become “a
38
differences and similarities of that preposition in sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" There are not differences of position and function of preposition in both languages.
S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “sao” (K<$ and “for” (9L$ in both languages are before pronoun and function of prepositions to sho* a purpose.
;. Pre&o%"t"on “)aiyaonae” 21D3 and “fro)” 2E*3 The meaning of preposition “)aigyaonae” in Kadatua dialect, “fro)” in
9nglish dialect. It is used to sho* a place of origin or starting place and material. The prepositions are desribed as follo*s" 9xample 1 K<
" Inando nodumba )aiyaonae tei.
9L
" Their mother apperead fro) the sea. In Kadatua
“nodumba" consist of “no-" is the actor prefix that in front of erb “dumba" become “nodumba" as predicate, “)aiyaonae” as preposition, “te
" Anoa nohato )aiyaonae 'apototoano 'ampo bhae La /de A*ali.
39
9L
" 8e came fro) the same illage *ith La /de A*ali. In Kadatua
of the sentence, “nohato" consist of “no" is the actor prefix *hich describe the personal mar'ers of the sub2ect and flan' in front of erb “hato", “)aiyaonae” as preposition function to sho* a starting place, “kapototoano
kampo" as aderb of place, and “)a >de *wali" as pronoun that become ob2ectie complement in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “he" as sub2ect of the sentence, “came" as erb, “fro)” as preposition function to sho* a starting place, “the same village" as aderb of place, and “)a >de *wali" as pronoun that become ob2ectie complement in the sentence. 9xample 3 K< " )olinto tihabue )aiyaonae sau. 9L " The door is made fro) *ood. In Kadatua
" There are not differences of position and function of preposition in both languages.
40
S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “)aiyaonae” in Kadatua dialect and “fro)” in 9nglish. In both languages are before aderb of place (noun$ and function to sho* the starting place.
<.
Pre&o%"t"on “naelepe” 21D3 and “'eside” 2E*3 The meaning of preposition “naelepe” in Kadatua dialect hae same
meaning “'eside” in 9nglish. These preposition are used to explain something is beside. In this case, it refers to the place or position. Both prepositions are described as follo*s" 9xample 1 K<
" &anoa nentoo naelepe *anano.
9L
" +he sat 'eside her child. In Kadatua
of the sentence, the actor prefix “nen-" that fran' in front of erb “to
" Anoa neyate naelepe lambu'u.
9L
" +he lied 'eside my house.
41
In Kadatua
as aderb of place and possessie
pronoun “ku" and “lambu" as noun in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “she" as sub2ect “lived" as erb, “'eside” as preposition, “my house" as aderb of place that consist of possessie pronoun “my" and “house" as noun in the sentence. 9xample 3 K<
" La Ka*anta 2ang'u nentoo naelepe batuano.
9L
" La Ka*anta 2ang'u sat 'eside his serant. In Kadatua
angku " as sub2ect of the sentence, “nento
erb “to
preposition, “ba
as
as possessie pronoun that become ob2ectie
complement in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “)a Kawanta angku" as sub2ect of the sentence, “sat" as erb, “'eside” as preposition, “his servant" as pronoun that become ob2ectie complement in the sentence. Based on the examples of preposition “naelepe” aboe, sho* that preposition “naelepe” in examples aboe has same meaning “'eside” in
42
9nglish. The differences and similarities of those prepositions in sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" The position of preposition “naelepe” in Kadatua dialect is follo*ed by noun J possessie pronoun. &hile, 9nglish preposition is follo*ed by possessie pronoun J noun in example aboe.
S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “naelepe” in Kadatua dialect and “'eside” in 9nglish. In both languages are aderb of place (noun$ and the prepositions function to sho* the place.
0=. Pre&o%"t"on “palii” 21D3 and “arround” 2E*3
The meaning of preposition “palii” in Kadatua dialect, “arround” in 9nglish. These preposition are used to explain something is arround. In this case, it refers to the place or position. Both prepositions are described as follo*s" 9xample 1 K< 9L
" &andoa doehe palii 'ubuhu La Ka*anta 2ang'u. " They stood arround La Ka*anta 7ang'us grae. In Kadatua
sub2ect “do
43
“palii” as preposition, “kubuhuno )a Kawanta angku" as possessie
pronoun that become ob2ect complement in the sentence. The 9nglish sentence aboe sho*ed that, “they" as sub2ect “stood" as erb, “arround” as preposition, “)a Kawanta angku
" There are not differences of position and function of preposition in both languages.
S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “palii” in Kadatua dialect and “arround” in 9nglish. In both languages are before aderb
of place (noun$ or position
and function to sho* the
place. 00. Pre&o%"t"on “naepotala*a” 21D3 and “'et%een” or “a)ong” 2E*3
The meaning of preposition “naepotala*a” in Kadatua dialect, “'et%een” in 9nglish. Bet*een refers to position in relation t*o persons or
things. &hile, “a)ong” refers to position in relation to three or more persons or things. Kadatua dialect used preposition “naepotala*a” to refers to both 9nglish
44
prepositions either “'et%een” and “a)ong” . Both prepositions are described as follo*s" 9xample 1 K<
" To'ono naepotala*a da*a bhae to'o bo'u.
9L
" 8is shop is 'et%een the mar'et and boo'store. In Kadatua
of the sentence, “naepotala*a” as preposition, “da
" /idi aehe naepotala*a *ai'u bhae sabang'a'u. " I stand a)ong my sister and my friends. In Kadatua dialect sentence aboe sho*ed that, “oidi" as sub2ect of
the sentence, the prefix “a-" that fran' in front of erb “ehe" become “a
45
relation to three or more persons, “my sister and my friends" as noun phrases that become sub2ectie complement. Based on the t*o examples of preposition “naepotala*a” aboe, sho* that preposition “naepotala*a” in example 1 and hae meaning “'et%een” and “a)ong” in 9nglish. The differences and similarities of those
preposition in sentences of both languages analy=ed as follo*s" D"$$erence%
" In Kadatua dialect sentence dont hae to be stand before preposition, *hile in 9nglish hae to be before preposition in example of the sentence. And also preposition “naepotala*a” in Kadatua dialect 2ust has one form but
hae same meaning “'et%een” and “a)ong” in 9nglish. &hile, in 9nglish hae t*o forms prepositions but both of them hae same meaning “naepotala*a” in Kadatua dialect. S"m"lar"t"e%
" The position of preposition “naepotala*a” in Kadatua dialect and “'et%een” or “a)ong” in 9nglish. In both languages are before aderb of place (noun$ and function to sho* the place.
CHAPTER ( CONC*USION AND SU//ESTION
46
A. Conclu%"on
:reposition or in Kadatua dialect has meaning “Ambao>a?. Based on the result of data analysis, the conclusion of this research is formulated as follo*" 0. Te d"$$erence% o$ &re&o%"t"on "n 1adatua d"alect and Engl"% After analy=ing the data of this research, the researcher found the
differences of preposition in both languages. They are" a. Kadatua dialect used one preposition (preposition nae$ to indicate place, position, time, and direction. &hile, 9nglish used seeral prepositions (prepositions in, on, at, to$ to indicate place, position, time and direction. In this case, preposition “in, on, at, to” in 9nglish, “nae” in Kadatua dialect. b. 9nglish used three prepositions to refer to the something inside, they are “in”, “into” and “inside”$ &hile, in Kadatua dialect only used one
preposition that refer to the something inside, that is “naelalo”$ In this case, preposition Cnaelalo% in Kadatua dialect can be used as “in”, “inside” or “into”$ c. 9nglish used t*o prepositions to refer to the something under, they are “under” and “'elo%”$ &hile, Kadatua dialect only used one preposition
that refer to the something under, that is “naepanda%. In this case, preposition “naepanda” in Kadatua dialect can be used as “under” or “'elo%”$ d. Kadatua dialect used preposition “naepotala*a” to refer to the preposition
in relation to t*o, three or more persons or things. &hile, 9nglish used preposition “'et%een” only refer to the position in relation to t*o persons
47
or things. And preposition “a)ong” to refer to the position in relation to three persons or things. e. The position of preposition in Kadatua dialect is usually follo*ed by noun J possessie pronoun. &hile, 9nglish preposition is usually follo*ed by possessie pronoun J noun. 9xample" nae 'amara'u (K<$ and in my bedroom (9L$. : n pp : pp n f. Kadatua dialect do not hae to be *hich stand before preposition. &hile, 9nglish hae to be *hich stand before preposition. 5. Te S"m"lar"t"e% o$ &re&o%"t"on "n 1adatua d"alect and Engl"% After analy=ing the data of this research, the researcher found the similarities of preposition in both languages. They are" a. Kadatua dialect and 9nglish hae position of prepositions in the sentences. b. The position of prepositions in Kadatua dialect and 9nglish are usually before noun, noun phrase, pronoun, aderb of place or aderb of time. c. Both languages hae function of prepositions in the sentences. d. :reposition in Kadatua dialect hae the same function as 9nglish prepositions. e. The function of prepositions in both languages are usually to sho* the place, position, time, direction, association, a purpose, a place origin, an action that has finished, to explain something is under, behind, in front of, inside and beside. B. Sugge%t"on Based on the conclusion, in deeloping local language in indonesia,
expecially Kadatua dialect as a treasure of Indonesia culture, in this research, the researcher proposes some suggestion" 1. The researcher hopes to the user of Kadatua dialect in order to be more increasing and stay maintaining it as the ernacular used by the *hole elements.
48
. This research is the primary research and it may still be limited aspects and not to describe in details so that the *riter hopes another researchers to do next researcher about preposition of Kadatua dialect in other aspect.
49
BIB*IO/RAPH@
Adu, Adu, Asmi. Asmi. -1-1-.. Preposition in 9anci 9anci dialect and 4nglish (* 7ontranstive *nalysis!. BauGBau" Thesis ;ford *dvanced )earner
50
;iyanto, ;iyanto, +lamet, et al. -1-. * -1-. * +andbook of 4nglish @rammar *n 4ffective 9ay 9ay to aster 4nglish. ogya'arta" ogya'arta" :usta'a :ela2ar. :ela2 ar. +amarin. 10. 10. etode Penelitian. Penelitian. 7a'arta" Eramedia :usta'a. MM. 1!0. *nalisa Bahasa. Bahasa. 7a'arta" Eramedia :usta'a. +etia*an. asin. --#. Perkembangan --#. Perkembangan Bahasa Bahasa..
dalam
Perbincangan. Perbincangan .
7a' 7a'arta"
IKI:
&ardaugh, 1!. *n 1!. *n ntroduction to 1escriptive )inguistic. )inguistic. 6e* or'" 8ot ;ie 8art. &ibo*o, &ahyu. --. --. anaemen anaemen Bahasa. Bahasa. 7a'arta" Eramedia. &ishon, Eeorge, 10-. )et< 10-. )et
51
APPENDICES
DATA O' IN'OR-ANTS
1.
.
6ame Age 9ducation /ccupation Address 6ame Age 9ducation /ccupation
" " " " " " " " "
La /de 4usadin - years old 7unior 8igh +chool )isherman Kadatua illage La /de Affadin years old +enior 8igh +chool A 8eadGillage
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3.
.
Address 6ame Age 9ducation /ccupation Address 6ame Age 9ducation /ccupation Address
" " " " " " " " " " "
Banabungi illage &a /de Ounaena years old 9lementry school 8ouse*ife Kadatua illage &a /de Almida 3 years old 9lementry school 8ouse*ife Kadatua illage
'oklore I In -una language 1adatua d"alect
*A 1A)ANTA AN//1U
6efiemoitu, 6ae Kadatua nae 'ampo Banabungi bhae La Ka*anta 7angg'u nomaiao nae 'ampo sega"ano no*ang'a nae pulo Kadatua sao napoa*aao *aino nae Li*u, Li*u o 'ampo 'omaono 'ampo Banabungi. Tanohatomo seoleo nohato nae 'ampo Banabungi, nohatomo mie semie nomaiao nae pototoano 'ampo bhae La Ka*anta 7angg'u. Anoa nohato sao naindofiao sau 'atampo. :adaaitu namo a*oe dua nae 'ampo 'ateano. 4inao nahumato nae 'ahato ano nae 'ateano napotibaao sau. Eahaa notihedu no*oha La Ka*anta 7angg'u naeho*a no. :ada aitu La Ka*anta 2ang'u nentoo naelepe no batuano. KaG'apunano, La Ka*anta 7angg'u 'onea 'otuu ano La /de A*ali yini gahaa nomatemo bhae pada do'antabue nae 'ampo 'ateano, ande mie meindofi nosau anoa batuano La /de A*ali, La Kabunto neanoa ma'aa mina nabunto mbo
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neanoa. Aitumo nembali 'atihedu ano no*oha oumpuno La Ka*anta 7angg'u La /de A*ali noohi gahaayitu dopande anemo La Kabunto, hobineno bhae mie nae 'ampono anoa yitu no mate tolu oleomo bhae loitui tua. )efeoleo bhae La /de A*ali, a*omo La Kabunto nae lambuno La /de A*ali. +ahato ano, hobineno La /de A*ali noamaha bhae batuanoyinia de'u nomponamo noantagie sao namo a*o sau 'atampo 'aene ano. +atumponoitu anoa nopogaumo nae hobineno La /de A*ali ande 'ampona ano de'u nopoa*a bhae moaneno naeng'enaa, safoting'e pogau batuanoyini mina seae nati'indanea de'u *anoa nopandeano moaneno mie ma'ida. +atumponoitu notududamo babatuaiya da'umala nae 'ampo Banabungi sao naumondo moaneno. +ahatono, *andooa nae puluno Kadatua dolasao doang'a nae 'ampo Banabungi. +emie nae andoa dofenaao La /de A*ali nae miendo 'ampo.
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2angg'u de'u mina natiti*ohaa padanoayitua. 6ohatomo loituyini 'ubuhu yitu doloie bhae nea CKubuhu 7angg'u%, CKubuhu% no 'omaana CKuburan% ande C7angg'u% no 'omaana C7enggot%. Ayitu doalae nae 'apototoano ulono no La /de A*ali. Te narrator )a Ode '"tr"+ant" 'oklore I In Engl"% *anguage
*A 1A)ANTA AN/1U A long time ago, in Kadatua island exactly in Banabungi illage there *as a long beard person from another illage stopped in Banabungi to see his sister in Lipu. Lipu is a illage near banabungi illage. In the next day after he arried in Banabungi illage came a person from the same illage *ith the long beard, he came to loo' for some *oods for bought home to his illage. Before he arried in his purpose place *here he got some *oods. +uddenly, he shoc'ed *hen seen the long beard stand in front of him. After that, La Ka*anta 2ang'u sat next to his serant. According to the story, the long beard person had name La /de A*ali *ho had died and he had burried in his illage. 4oreoer a person *ho loo'ed for some *oods *as one of La /de A*alis slae, La Kabunto is his name but he *as not blind li'e his name. It *as made La Kabunto ery shoc' *hen seen his
55
ma2esty. The long beard person still lied *hereas had 'no*n by La Kabunto, his *ife and his family that he had been three days died until that day. +ome days *ith La /de A*ali coming home La Kabunto in La /de A*alis house. /n arrial there, La /de A*alis *ife *as angry to his slae because had long *aited to carry home some *oods that he too'. At the moment, he explained soon to La /de A*alis *ife that *hat made him long because he met *ith her husband there. Listened the reason of her slae, it *as not made her so shoc' because she had 'no*n that his husband had supernatural po*er. 6ot long after her slae explained, soon she ordered some of her soldier *ho stood behind her to go there. In case, sa* her husband. After the soldiers arried in Kadatua island and stopped in Banabungi illage, one of them as'ed to society of Banabungi illage about La /de A*ali. The +ociety ans*ered that La /de A*ali *as often seen sat to ta'e a rest under the big tree on the tip of illage *here at that time still not yet hae houses of d*eller. )or good of society of the illage, soon one of them accompanied the soldiers to the common rest place of La /de A*ali. After they arried there, suddenly the soldiers and one of society *ere shoc' *hen sa* t*o boards front on each other that embedded in the ground under the big tree, een it is grae and at the moment they stood arround La Ka*anta 2ang'us grae. The society of Banabungi illage in Kadatua island and the soldiers belieed that the grae *hich had t*o graestones *as La /de A*ali or La
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Ka*anta 7ang'us grae because since that time La /de A*ali neer seen again. And until no* that grae called *ith named% Kubuhu 7angg'u.% CKubuhu% has meaning Cgrae%, moreoer C7ang'u% has meaning Cbeard.% It is ta'ing from typical of La /de A*ali *ho had a long beard. Te Narrator )a Ode '"tr"+ant" 'oklore II In -una language 1adatua d"alect
1A1APUNANO 1ENTA DIU
6efiemoitu, doohi moane hobine bhae *anano dototolu ando do'i'idi. +amentaeno, *andoa foma fenoma bhae 'enta. Babahindo dopoa*a da*ua. Kenta tifomano ncaitu gahaa mina damadaea. 4inao no'ala moaneno nae 'a"mpo. 4oaneini no*ili nae hobineno. C8obine'u 'enta 'abila ao hunca'anae sao aoma ao manuoleo'u%, C5mbe moane'u% tobosi hobineini. Kaendotuno oleono, hobineini bhae totolo *anano dofoma pohompuGhompu. Eahaa 'aepuini noae gauno naoma 'abila 'enta sao *amano. Bhae 'atananano imanino, hobineini nentoo naelepe *anano no*aane 'afoinau Cnai, 'enta yitu sao nafoma *amamu manuoleoitu%, 4a'aa 'aepuini tano ae fe'aosaGosa. +abutuno 'abila 'enta *aitu no*aane sao 'aepuini. Eahaa notihemo noaea. Kara2a seoleo ae habu moaneini noaho bhae no*ule. )efeuleimolalono, anoa naoma bhae 'enta, pada nohato nae lambuno. +e'ila hobineno nesandu
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fenoma. Eahaa moaneini namohaa 'abila 'enta samentaeno caitu, CIna, na amai 'abila 'enta samentaeno caa>%, nofena moaneno. C+alomaafo moane'u, 'aepuini noae gauno naoma 'enta%, ambano hobinenoini. 4a'aa panamandeanea bhae pa'e no *anano. +atumponoitu, hobinenoa nofosuhue indofi 'enta nae tei. C8intu panaembalia a*o ande papotiba ao 'enta 'abahi,%
amba
moaeneno
bhae
'anda*unolaloa.
8obineini
'ala
bhae
'a'ompehanolalo. &anoa nasumodaa 'undo totolu *ananoini, ming'iGming'i 'aepuini nando notiti. 6omponamo, hobineno minao noa*o nae lamu. Totolo *anano ando do'i'idi doli*u inando. &andoa indofi inando nae *i*ino tei. &andoa doloi torosu ma'aa *andoa mina do*oha mie maitompa semiea naeng'enaa. Eahaa inando nodumba nae tei. +atumponoitu 'aepuini nofotitieo inano. Inando notudu totolu *anano a*o nae lambu. Ambano inando, Cpanaomponaa au ma*o nae lambu%. &andoa ng'afi 'atuduno inaini sabutuno doa*o. +ealo ae doantagi inando ma'aa mina nauuma*o duaa. &andoa do'abaGba'a handadoa bhae inando. +abutuno, *andoa a*o fendua nae tei. C/ ina, a*omo nae lambu, *ai'u natumiti% ambano isano nohato nae *i*ino tei. :adaaitu inano *andoa nodumba nae tei gahaa nofotitiemo *anano. :ada aitu noti*oamo bhae ana nae babahi ae uluno. Imani 'amosiao bhae inando yini notila tanembali damarcayaa bhae do tei bhae inano. C4ai, *ana'u amotiti'o%, amba inando. C4inaH 8intu mina ina'ua%, amba 'aepuini. C/idi inamiu, hintu miu *ana'u%. Amba inando, CminaH 8intu mina ina
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mamiaH% tobosi isano poang'a noginta *aino neta doa*o. &aino notei sabutuno anoa nofebungi nae'undo isano. :ada ayitu &andoa do'ala doang'afi *i*ino tei mina bhae 'ahato anoa. Tenodoloi inando sadia nodumba inaini noponoao ana babahiae ulunoa. Eahaa, inando nembali 'enta diu. +etumpo manusia bhae setumpo 'enta diu. 2Source $rom %ome "n$ormant%3
'oklore II In Engl"% *anguage
-ER-AID STOR@ /nce upon a time, there lied couple *ith three children *ho still small. That morning, they ate food *ho hae sered on the table. 9ach of them got part. The fish that they ate *hereas didint up. Before *ent to the garden, the husband said to her *ife, C4y *ife, help me to sae the residue of fish for eat in the afternoon%, Cyes my husband%, ans*er his *ife. Pui'ly, his *ife saed rest of fish in the cupboard. At noon, the *ife and her three children hae lunch together. +uddenly, the youngest brouther cried, *anted to eat the residue of fish for his father. :atiently, she sat beside her child and tried to gie suggestion. C@hild, that rest of fish for your father eat in the afternoon%. But the youngest brother instead cried loudly. At last, the residue of fish hae gien for the youngest brother. And then he stooped to cry.
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&or'ed all of day, made the husband *as so hungry and tired. /ccured to him, he *anted to eat fish. After he arried in his house, Duic'ly, his *ife sered food. et her husband didnt see the residue of fish this morning. C&here is the rest of fish this morning>% as'ed her husband, Cim sorry, the youngest brother cry *ant to eat fish this day%, ans*er his *ife But her husband didnt *ant to 'no*. At the moment too, his *ife forced to loo' for some fish in the sea. Cou dont may go bac' before you get some fish,% the husband said *ithout mercy. 8is *ife *ent sadly. +he *as so heay left her three children, especially the youngest brother still suc'ed. )or a long time his *ife didnt go bac' to the house. 8er three children so miss their mother. They loo'ed for their mother at the shore. They called tirelessly but they didint see anyone there. +uddenly, their mother apperead in the sea. +oon the youngest brother breastGfed by their mother. Their mother ordered to three her children to go bac' to the house. +aid their mother Cnot long, I *ill go bac' to the house%. They follo*ed their mother adie and soon *ent bac'. All of night, they hae *aited but their mother didint come bac' too. They *ere ery *orry *ith their motther. And then, they came bac' to the sea. C4om, come bac' to the house, the youngest brother *ant to suc',% said the older sister *hen arried at the shore. +uddenly, their mother apperead from the sea. At once their mother suc'ed the youngest brother. After that loo'ed there *as something changed *ith their mother body. There *as a scale *ith their mother all of body. )eeling to li'e anish became doubt and afraid. C8ere, my
60
child, mom *ill suc' you% said their mother, CnoH ou are not my mom%, said the youngest brother, I am your mother and all of you *ere my children%, said their mother, Cno, you are not our motherH Ans*erd the older sister *hile pulled her youngest brother. 8er youngest *as afraid and she hid behind her older sister. 6ext, they *al'ed along the shore *ithout clearly purpose. 9erytime they called their mother, at the moment too apperead their mother *ith body full of scale. )inally, their mother became mermaid. The other part of her body *as human and the other part of her body *as mermaid. 2Source $rom %ome "n$ormant%3 DATA C*ASSI'ICATION O' PREPOSITION IN EN/*ISH AND IN -UNA *AN/UA/E 1ADATUA DIA*ECT
No.
Pre&o%"t"on% "n Engl"%
Pre&o%"t"on% "n -una *anguage 1adatua D"alect
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Data Source
1.
Babatuaiya dohato puluno Kadatua.
nae
The souldier arried in Kadatua island.
)ol'lore I :araghraph Line 1
8obineno nofosuhue indofi 'enta nae tei.
8is *ife forced to loo'ed for )ol'lore II some fish in the sea. :araghraph Line 1
3.
Inando nodumba nae tei.
Their mother apperead in the sea.
)ol'lore II :araghraph Line
.
&andoa deindofi inando nae *i*ino tei.
They loo'ed for their mother at the shore.
)ol'lore II :araghraph Line 3
.
Auma*o nae lambu.
I *ill go bac' to the house.
)ol'lore II :araghraph Line 0
#.
&andoa doa*o fendua nae tei.
They came bac' to the house.
)ol'lore II :araghraph Line 11
!.
Inando netudu totolu *anano a*o nae lambu.
Their mother ordered to three her children to go bac' to the house.
)ol'lore II :araghraph Line #
0.
8obineno nehunca 'enta 'abilaa naelalo almari.
8is *ife saed rest of fish in the cupboard.
)ol'lore II :araghraph 1 Line !
&andoa dofoma fenoma pada titala'ino nae%a%o me2a
They ate food *ho hae sered on the table.
La /de A*ali do*ohae nofeule naepanda puu 'abala
La /de A*ali *as often seen to ta'e a rest under the big tree.
)ol'lore II :araghraph 1 Line )ol'lore I :araghraph Line 3
.
.
1-.
62
11.
La Ka*anta 2ang'u noehe naeho%a no.
La Ka*anta 2ang'u stood in front of him.
)ol'lore I :araghraph 1 Line #
1.
Kaepuini noae gauno The youngest brouther cried naoma 'enta 'abila sao *ant to eat rest of fish for *amano. his father.
)ol'lore II :araghraph 1 Line 0
13.
Inando nodumba )aiyaonae tei.
Their mother apperead fro) the sea.
)ol'lore II :araghraph Line
1.
Anoa nohato )aiyaonae 'apototoano 'ampo bhae La /de A*ali.
8e came fro) the same illage *ith La /de A*ali.
)ol'lore I :araghraph 1 Line
1.
&anoa nentoo naelepe *anano.
+he sat 'eside his child.
)ol'lore II :araghraph 1 Line 1-
1#.
La Ka*anta 2ang'u nentoo naelepe batuano.
La Ka*anta 2ang'u sat 'eside his serant.
)ol'lore I :araghraph 1 Line #
1!.
&andoa doehe palii 'ubuhu La Ka*anta 2ang'u.
They stood arround La Ka*anta 2ang'u graes.
)ol'lore I :araghraph Line
10.
Anoa nofebungi naeundo 8e hid 'ehind his older isano. sister.
63
)ol'lore II :araghraph # Line
'rom "n$ormant% DATA C*ASSI'ICATION O' PREPOSITION IN -UNA *AN/UA/E 1ADATUA DIA*ECT AND EN/*ISH
64
