The Japanese Occupation Of Malaya

DEFEAT OF BRITISH IN MALAYA

 JAPAN Rise of Japan as a world power Reasons for Japanese Invasion  Japan’s entry into the War The importance of Malaya to the Japanese Reasons for Japanese Victory

RISE OF JAPAN AS A WORLD POWER Meiji Dynasty Russo-Japanese War 190405  Japan’s Relations with US and Britain Invasion of Manchuria 1931 Full-scale war against China 1937

REASONS FOR JAPANESE INVASION Ambitions of Leaders Greater East Asia Co-Prosperity Sphere

Control rich resources of  SEA Provide land for growing population

Need for raw materials British and US embargo Need to get vital resources needed

REASONS FOR JAPANESE INVASION Good Opportunity Britain engaged in war with Europe Lower priority for defence of the East Good time to launch an invasion

 JAPAN’S ENTRY INTO THE WAR

ATTACK On Pearl Harbour

PEARL HARBOUR

PEARL HARBOUR

IMPORTANCE OF MALAYA An important source of tin and rubber Malayan Chinese British Colony

 JAPANESE CONQUEST OF MALAYA

Reasons for Japanese victory Reasons for British defeat

 JAPANESE VICTORY   Japanese invasion was well planned Japanese military was well-prepared Good and experienced commander in Gen Yamashita Excellent tactics and co-ordination Japanese army was superior to the British forces Japanese propaganda Japanese promise to free India from British rule

 JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER

 JAPANESE ZERO FIGHTER

REPULSE & PRINCE OF WALES

REPULSE & PRINCE OF WALES

BRITISH DEFEAT • • • • • • • •

Malaya was not prepared for war Inexperienced young soldiers Lack of military equipment Lack of naval and air defence for troops Engaged in war in Europe No tanks No jungle training British complacency

JAPANESE INVASION OF MALAYA

8 Dec 1941 KOTA BAHRU

JITRA

PENANG

IPOH

15-16 Dec 41 SLIM RIVER  KUANTAN

MAJOR BATTLES

KL GEMAS

JEMALUANG

KLUANG MUAR 

JOHOR BAHRU / 31 Jan 42

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Military governments established “Syonan-to” and “New Malai” Malay Consultative Councils were set up. Sultans remained but held no powers.

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Military governments established     

Malay was renamed New Malai

8 provinces; a Malay consultative council in each province Chairman : Japanese Governor Vice Chairman : Sultan Sultan and members of the council could only advised the Governor

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Military governments established    

SULTANS Allowed to keep their positions as head of state Not given any power to rule Only concerned with matters regarding Malay religion and customs

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Kedah, Perlis, Kelantan and Trengganu restored to Siamese rule Reward for co-operating with the Japanese

 Japanese Military Administration demanded absolute cooperation Kempeitai

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Nipponization of the People Decline in economy Shortage of food & other necessities The issue of paper money and the black  market Poor public health services

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Nipponization of the People  Japanese System of Education Japanese Language “Nippon-go” - primary schools National anthem Japanese customs, traditions and culture Controlled people through propaganda Very effective; strong foundation over time

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA Decline in economy tin and rubber industries declined import and export market cut off  unemployment

Shortage of food & other necessities Shortage of imported foodstuff   Japanese food growing campaign Substitution

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA The issue of paper money and the black  market Greater supply of money than demand Became worthless “banana” notes Creation of a black market

Poor public health services Hospitals looted for medical supplies by  Japanese Preventive measures against diseases neglected

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Chinese The Europeans and the Eurasians The Indians The Malays

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Chinese Supported China against Japanese since 1937 Malayan Chinese collected large sums of  money to help China  Japanese mistrust of Chinese in Malaya Fierce Chinese resistance against the Japanese Japa nese in Singapore at Bukit Timah Massacred thousands in Singapore Kempeitai / Operation Sook Ching

Singapore Under Japanese Rule

 Japanese soldiers using a prisoner as a live target to practise bayonet fighting

A Japanese soldier torturing a prisoner

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Chinese Economic importance of Chinese Allowed to carry on trade and business Forced to make a gift g ift of $50m to Japan in 1942 Traitors vs resistant fighters

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Europeans and the Eurasians made POWs; great hardship Death Railway Eurasians detained, tortured or killed

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Indians treated better; confidence and support needed  Japanese promise to free India from British Indian Independence League and India National Army Unsuccessful invasion of India in 1943

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Indians also suffered 250,000 250,000 forced to work at Death railway 100,000 died grew to hate and distrust the Japanese  joined resistance groups

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA THE RACIAL POLICY OF THE JAPANESE The Malays treated less harshly; cooperation and support needed directed propaganda at Malays as they were indigenous and the largest group in Malaya Told Malays they were rightful owners of Malaya and would eventually gain independence Malays grew to hate Japanese - starvation, fear and suffering

 JAPANESE OCCUPATION OF SINGAPORE & MALAYA RESISTANCE AGAINST THE JAPANESE MPAJA Wataniah (Pahang Malays) Bintang Tiga Malayan Overseas Self-Defence Army Force 136

END OF WWII

END OF WWII SURRENDER OF THE JAPANESE Battle of the Coral Sea (May 1942) Battle of Midway (Jul 1942) May 1945 : Germany surrendered 6 and 9 Aug 1945 : Hiroshima and Nagasaki 15 Aug 1945 : Unconditional Japanese surrender onboard the

Missouri 

PRESIDENT HARRY S TRUMAN

LITTLE BOY & FAT MAN

THE A-BOMB

VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB

VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB

VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB

VICTIMS OF THE A-BOMB

 JAPANESE SURRENDER

INSTRUMENT OF SURRENDER We, acting by command of and in behalf of the Emperor of   Japan, the Japanese Government and the Japanese Imperial General Headquarters, hereby accept the provisions set forth in the declaration issued by the heads of the Governments of the United States, China, and Great Britain on 26 July 1945 at Potsdam, and subsequently adhered to by the Union U nion of Soviet Socialist Republics, which four powers are hereafter referred to as the Allied Powers. We hereby proclaim the unconditional surrender to the Allied Powers of the Japanese Imperial General G eneral Headquarters and of all Japanese armed forces and all armed forces under the Japanese control wherever

END OF WWII SURRENDER OF THE JAPANESE 12 Sep 1945 LG Itagaki surrendered to Lord Louis Mountbatten, Allied Supreme Commander at the Municipal Building in Singapore

END OF WWII EFFECTS OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION Lawlessness and Violence Thousands dead Racial Hostilities MCP Strengthened Social and Public Health Services in Disorder

END OF WWII EFFECTS OF JAPANESE OCCUPATION Economic Problems British Prestige Lowered Development of Malay Nationalism