The Effect of Yeast on Different Fruit Juices
Researched by Kristyn S. 2001-02
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PURPOSE
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HYPOTHESIS
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EXPERIMENT DESIGN
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MATERIAS
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PRO!EDURES
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RESUTS
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!ON!USION
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RESEAR!H REPORT
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"I"IOGRAPHY
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A!#NO$EDGEMENTS
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A"OUT THE AUTHOR
PURPOSE The %ur%ose of this e&%eri'ent (as to )eter'ine the a'ount of fer'entation of four )ifferent fruit *uices after a))in+ ,eastI .eca'e intereste) in this i)ea (hen I sa( the fruit in ', fa'i/,0s refri+erator startin+ to fer'entThe infor'ation +aine) fro' this e&%eri'ent 'a, .e use) ., (ineries to )eter'ine (hich fruit *uice fer'ents .estTop of page
HPOTHES!S
M, h,%othesis is that the fruit *uice (ith a hi+her %ercenta+e of su+ar (i// %ro)uce 'ore fer'entationI .ase ', h,%othesis on the $or/) "oo1 Enc,c/o%e)ia2 (hich states2 3Yeast .rea1s )o(n su+ar o.taine) fro' fruit *uice into eth,/ a/coho/ an) car.on )io&i)e +as for use in (ine-3 Top of page
E"PER!#E$T %ES!&$ The constants in this stu), (ere4 •
The te'%erature-
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The a'ount of *uice 5678'/9-
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The a'ount of ,east 5:+9
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Si;e an) sha%e of container
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Ti'e a//o(e) to fer'ent-
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Metho) of 'easure'ent-
The 'ani%u/ate)
#'TER!'(S )U'$T!T
!TE# %ES*R!PT!O$
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"ri& 'eter
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Trans%arent containers
:6+
Yeast
67888'/
Oran+e *uice
:678'/
A%%/e *uice
:678'/
!ran.err,>+ra%e *uice
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!,/in)er
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Gra' sca/e
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Ther'o'eter
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PRO*E%URES :- Gather 'ateria/s6- a.e/ four containers OJ contro/ :262? an) @?- a.e/ four containers as o*:2 o*62 o*?2 an) o*@@- a.e/ four containers as a%:2 a%62 a%?2 an) a%@7- a.e/ four containers as c+r:2 c+r62 c+r?2 an) c+r@=- A)) 678'/ of oran+e *uice to each of the containers /a.e/e) OJ contro/ :262? an) @- A)) 678'/ of oran+e *uice to each of the containers /a.e/e) OJ :262? an) @B- A)) 678'/ of a%%/e *uice to each of the containers /a.e/e) AP :262? an) @C- A)) 678'/ of cran.err,>+ra%e *uice to each of the containers /a.e/e) c+r :262? an)@:8- Measure the su+ar in each of the *uices .efore a))in+ the ,east2 recor) resu/ts::- A)) one +ra' of ,east to each of the containers /a.e/e) OJ :262?2 an) @:6- A)) one +ra' of ,east to each of the containers /a.e/e) AP :262?2 an)@:?- A)) one +ra' of ,east to each of the containers /a.e/e) c+r :262?2 an)@:@- A//o( the *uice to fer'ent for 6 hours:7- Use the .ri& 'eter to 'easure the su+ar after the fer'entation %rocess2 recor) resu/ts:=- Su.tract first 'easure'ent fro' the secon) 'easure'ent2 recor) resu/ts :- !o'%are (hich fruit *uice %ro)uce) the 'ost fer'entation2 recor) resu/tsTop of page
Res+,ts The ori+ina/ %ur%ose of this e&%eri'ent (as to )eter'ine the a'ount of fer'entation of ? )ifferent fruit *uices after a))in+ a certain a'ount of ,eastThe resu/ts of this e&%eri'ent (ere that the oran+e *uice %ro)uce) the 'ost fer'entationA/so the oran+e *uice turne) foa', on the surface- On the .otto' of each container for each sa'%/e a 3+ooe,3 su.stance for'e)- The a%%/e an) cran.err,>+ra%e *uice turne) 'ur1, fro' the ,east an) after a (hi/e .u../es for'e) on the surface-
See data and graphs.
*onc,+sion M, h,%othesis (as that fruit *uices (ith a hi+her %ercenta+e of su+ar (ou/) %ro)uce 'ore fer'entationThe resu/ts in)icate that this h,%othesis shou/) .e acce%te)2 .ecause the oran+e *uice2 (hich ha) the hi+hest su+ar content2 %ro)uce) the 'ost fer'entation"ecause of the resu/ts of this e&%eri'ent2 I (on)er if usin+ 'ore ,east (o/) %ro)uce 'ore fer'entation or if usin+ another t,%e of *uice (ith t(o of the' 'i&e) to+ether /i1e the cran.err,>+ra%e *uice2 (ou/) %ro)uce /ess fer'entationM, fin)in+s shou/) .e usefu/ to (ineries .ecause I foun) that the *uices I use) %ro)uce) a /ar+e a'ount of fer'entation therefore 'i+ht 'a1e +oo) (ineIf I (ere to con)uct this %ro*ect a+ain I (ou/) )o 'ore tria/s2 )o a re%/ication of the entire e&%eri'ent2 use 'ore
Research Report !ntrod+ction Fer'entation has .een aroun) for a
erentation Fer'entation is a che'ica/ %rocess that .rea1s )o(n or+anic 'atter- Micro.es /i1e .acteria carr, out this %rocess- Mo/) an) ,east act u%on 'o/asses an) 'inera/ sa/ts to create %enici//in- Yeast .rea1s )o(n su+ar ta1en fro' 'a/te) +rain an) turns it into eth,/ a/coho/ an) car.on )io&i)e +as to 'a1e .eer- French Scientist ouis Pasteur )isco
!=H:6O=6!O6 6!6H7OH- In :B? it (as in)e%en)ent/, su++este) ., Ger'an %h,sio/o+ist Theo)ore Sch(ann2 "otanist Frie)rich #ut;in+ an) French %h,sicist !har/es !a+niar) )e /a tour that a/coho/ic fer'entation reuires ,east ce//s an) it is a %h,sio/o+ica/ function of these or+anis's-
+ngi Fun+i are or+anis's that /ac1 ch/oro%h,//2 the +reen 'atter that %/ants use to 'a1e their foo)- Fun+i cannot 'a1e their o(n foo)2 instea) the, a.sor. it fro' aroun) the'Accor)in+ to ',co/o+ists there are o ce//e) fun+i are too s'a// to .e seen (ithout a 'icrosco%e- Most t,%es can .e seen (ith the unai)e) e,e- So'e of the 'ost co''on fun+i are 'i/)e(s2 'o/)s2 'ushroo's an) %/ant rusts- Fun+i .rea1 )o(n co'%/e& ani'a/ an) %/ant 'ateria/s into si'%/e co'%oun)s- This %rocess of )eco'%osition enriches the soi/ an) 'a1es essentia/ su.stances a
east Yeast is a sin+/e ce//e) or+anis'- Yeast is a fun+us that e&ists a/'ost e
Ho/ east !s Used Since ,east fun+i /ac1 ch/oro%h,//2 ,east re/, on other %/ants to su%%/, their foo)- The, eat su+ar fro' sources /i1e fruit2 +rain2 nectar an) 'o/asses- Yeast ce//s %ro)uce a che'ica/ ca//e) en;,'es an) fer'ents that .rea1 )o(n their foo)- So'e ,east .rea1 )o(n su+ar into a/coho/ an) car.on )io&i)e +as2 this %rocess is ca//e) fer'entation- "a1ers ,east is use) as a /ea
"re(ers ,east cannot act )irect/, on the +rain use) for .eer2 so .re(ers con
Ho/ east !s #ade "efore the co''ercia/ %ro)uction of ,east in the :BC80s2 ,east fun+i fro' the air /ea
r+it Fruit is the %art of a f/o(erin+ %/ant that contains the %/ants see)s- In this sense2 fruits inc/u)e acorns2 cucu'.ers2 to'atoes an) (heat +rains- Horticu/turists )efine fruit as an e)i./e2 see)>.earin+ structure that 5:9 consists of f/esh, tissue an) 569 is %ro)uce) ., a %erennia/- Therefore horticu/turists (ou/) c/assif, cucu'.ers2 to'atoes an) rhu.ar. as
Types of r+it Te'%erate fruits 'ust ha
%eaches2 %ears an) %/u'sSu.tro%ica/ fruits can +ro( in (ar' or 'i/) te'%eratures2 .ut can on/, sur
S+gar Green %/ants %ro)uce su+ar2 .ut 'ost ta./e su+ar co'es fro' su+ar cane or .eets- Other sources of su+ar are cornstarch2 'i/12 'a%/e s,ru% an) hone,- Su+ar .e/on+s to the c/ass of foo)s ca//e) car.oh,)rates- !ar.oh,)rates %ro
S+ary There are 'an, )ifferent thin+s nee)e) for fer'entation inc/u)in+2 ,east2 fruit *uice or 'a/te) +rain2 an) su+ar- Fer'entation %ro)uces 'an, %ro)ucts /i1e .rea)2 cheese2 ,o+urt2 (ine an) .eer- One unhea/th, %ro)uct of fer'entation is fer'ente) 'i/1Top of page
!(!O&R'PH A''ariti2 Joe F- 3Fun+i-3 $or/) "oo1 Enc,c/o%e)ia- :CCBAshe2 Arthur J- III- 3Fer'entation-3 $or/) "oo1 Enc,c/o%e)ia -:CCCAshe2 Arthur J- III- 3Yeast-3 $or/) "oo1 Enc,c/o%e)ia- :CCB3Fer'entation-3 ::>:@>8: htt%4%asture-ecn-%ur)ue-e)uKa+en77=:.rea)ht'/fer'entation-ht'/ Ju/es2 Janic1- 3Fruit-3 $or/) "oo1 Enc,c/o%e)ia2 :CCB
Moore2 Pau/ H- 3Su+ar-3 $or/) "oo1 Enc,c/o%e)ia-:CCB3Su+ar-3 The Ne( "oo1 of Po%u/ar Science- Gro/ier2 Inc-4 Dan.ur,2 !T- o/u'e- :CCTop of page
'*K$O(E%&E#E$TS
I (ou/) /i1e to than1 the fo//o(in+ %eo%/e- $ithout their he/%2 ', %ro*ect (ou/) not ha
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