[CVECP
Wc Gmmncg Lei`? H [cquecn fmr Zre Velrhnh [hohseiah Ahreie Hnhrhsureyh 8 Mkcysclcrc, @ ;480, Wc Gmmncg Lei`? H [cquecn fmr Zre Velrhnh Velrhnh [hohseiah , Zhebsa, Jmbmnkm, pp. 745, $ ;4.
ac mppmrtuiety tm nhlc h jmnncit mf mic mf Trmf. Mkcysclcrc―s wmrls es truby hi amimur. Hs hi hgnercr mf taes sjambhr, sj ambhr, E webb httcnpt tm sahrc waht E fmuig phrtejubhrby eitcrcstei` hig enpmrthit ei aes bhtcst kmml tetbcg Wc Gmmncg Lei`? H [cquecn fmr Zre Velrhnh [hohseiah ‚ ‚ ei tcrns mf nctamgmbm`y, nctamgmbm`y, hpprmhja, hs wcbb hs jmitcit. Ei tac Gmmncg Lei` , Trmf. Mkcysclcrc jretejhbby rcvecws tac rcjcevcg wesgmn hkmut Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac. [hohsei`a c. Hs nhiy nhy hbrchgy limw, Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac es `cicrhbby rc`hrgcg hs h jrucb hig gcspmtej rubcr. Wc Lhigyhi hrestmjrhts wam kctrhycg aen hrc scci tm ahvc kcci grevci tm gcspcrhtemi ky aes htrmjetecs hig fmrjcg tm jmbbhkmrhtc weta tac Kretesa ei mrgcr tm reg tacnscbvcs mf h rubcr wam whs prmvei` tm kc eitmbcrhkbc. Paht wc bchrit hkmut tac bhst Lei` mf Lhigy hig nuja mf tac sjambhrsaep mi Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac hig eigccg tac bhst ghys mf tac Lhigyhi lei`gmn rcby achveby mi eitcrprcthtemis mf Omai G―Myby―s Gehry hig mtacr jmbmiehb hjjmuits mf tac bhst ghys mf tac Lhigyhi nmihrjay. Ei jretejhbby rcvecwei` suja wesgmn, Trmf. Mkcysclcrc rhescs hi enpmrthit nctamgmbm`ejhb qucstemi? Amw gm wc limw hkmut tac phst= Amw es aestmry wrettci= Ac samws tac gesjrcphijecs hig jmitrhgejtemis ei tac pmpubhr ihrrhtevc hkmut Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac, hig enpmrthitby, ae`abe`ats tac benethtemis mf rcbyei` prenhreby mi jmbmiehb smurjcs smurjcs ei wretei` wretei` aestmry. aestmry. Ac samws amw mvcr rcbehijc mi phrtejubhr smurjcs fmr tac jmistrujtemi mf tac phst jhi rcsubt ei tac prcscithtemi mf cvcits hs ‑truc― mr ‑aestmrejhbby hjjurhtc― wetamut sujecit jhrc fmr tac fhjt taht tac smurjcs tacnscbvcs iccg tm kc uigcrstmmg ei h phrtejubhr smjehb hig pmbetejhb jmitcxt. Trmf. Mkcysclcrc cxhneics tac smurjcs mf eifmrnhtemi khscg mi waeja G―Myby wrmtc aes hjjmuits hs wcbb hs nubtepbc mtacr smurjcs s murjcs tm prcscit h jmiveijei` 01
hr`uncit taht tacsc smurjcs waeja fcg eitm jmistrujtei` h phrtejubhr enh`c mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac hs h tyrhiiejhb, gcspmtej, hig uipmpubhr nmihrja, iccg tm kc trchtcg weta jhutemi? Wht es, tac smurjcs tacnscbvcs hrc imt geseitcrcstcg hig hrc ei fhjt jmnpbejet ei jmistrujtei` taes enh`c mf tac Lei`. Ac gesjusscs amw taes phrtejubhr enh`c mf tac Lei`, cspcjehbby aes rcbhtemisaep weta tac bmjhb hrestmjrhjy hig tac pcmpbc, fccg eitm oustefyei` tac bhr`cr Kretesa enpcrehb prmocjt. Ei mtacr wmrgs, tac pmpubhr ihrrhtevc mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac acbps jmistrujt tac egch taht tac Kretesa geg imt senpby eivhgc hig gcpmsc h bc`etenhtc smvcrce`i ei mrgcr tm cxphig tac Kretesa Cnperc, kut rhtacr taht tacy geg sm ei rcspmisc tm tac sufflcrei`s mf tac Lhigyhi pcmpbc uigcr h jrucb hig tyrhiiejhb bchgcr. Trmf. Mkcysclcrc taci gesjusscs mtacr gmjuncits taht jmnpbejhtc taes hjjcptcg vcrsemi mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac hs jrucb hig tyrhiiejhb, uttcrby gcspescg ky aes pcmpbc. Bmmlei` ht tacsc nubtepbc smurjcs, ac prcscits hi hbtcrihtevc vcrsemi mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac hs h strmi`, jbcvcr, hig cvci vesemihry bchgcr ‚ kcsct ky revhbrecs wetaei tac Lhigyhi hrestmjrhjy hig jmisperhjecs cijmurh`cg ky tac Kretesa Nhretenc hgneiestrhtemi wam wcrc cycei` tac thlcmvcr mf tac Lhigyhi lei`gmn. Wc rutabcssicss hig jrucbty, cspcjehbby tac puiesancits ac nctcg mut tm aes cicnecs fmr waeja tac Lei` es kcst rcncnkcrcg, tac gcthebs mf waeja Trmf. Mkcysclcrc qucstemis, hs wc hrc rcneigcg ei taes kmml, wcrc hbsm bhr`cby jmigujtcg wetaei tac hjjcptcg bhws hig trhgetemis mf tac tenc ei gchbei` weta trchsmi. Wcsc Wcsc nctamgs wc hrc hrc hbsm rcneigcg wcrc imt vcry nuja nmrc kruthb tahi tac leigs mf bhws hig trhgetemis taht wcrc prhjtejcg ei senebhr setuhtemis ei Curmpc ht taht tenc. Trmf. Mkcysclcrc gchbs ei gctheb weta tac kruthb cxcjutemi mf Hacbcpmbh―s fhneby fmr waeja Zre Velrhnh Tmbety | Vmbunc 0, Essuc ;
[CVECP
[hohsei`ac es kcst limwi. Wc gcthebs mf tac cxcjutemi rcby bhr`cby mi tac wretei`s mf Omai Ghvy ‚ tac Kretesa hrny sur`cmi wam whs imt cvci prcscit ei tac esbhig ht tac tenc. Ghvy hrrevcg ei tac esbhig ei 8186 hig tac eijegcits ac gcsjrekcs ahppcicg kctwcci 8187 hig 8183. Ghvy rcbecg mi mi mtacr smurjcs ei rcbhtei` rcbhtei` tac stmry mf tac cxcjutemis. Kut Trmf. Mkcysclcrc samws amw mtacr hjjmuits, waeja Ghvy gmcs imt rcfcr tm, cspcjehbby Zeiahbh hjjmuits mf tacsc eijegcits, suja hs tac Hacbcpmbh vhrihihvh hig tac Lerhbh Zhigcshyh , hbtamu`a verubcitby hite-hneb hig jretejhb mf tac Lei`, khrcby ncitemi tac cxcjutemi mf Hacbcpmbh. Paht es eitcrcstei` acrc es amw tac vcrhjety mf tac eifmrnhtemi prmvegcg ky Omai Ghvy es hjjcptcg wetamut qucstemi ky aestmrehis hig sjambhrs hig kcjmncs rcjcevcg wesgmn hkmut tac tac Lei`. Trmf Trmf.. Mkcysclcrc Mkcysclcrc ei aes trchtncit trchtncit mf tac gefflcrcit hjjmuits mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac hig tac bhst Lhigyhi Lei`gmn, samws tac cxtcit tm waeja vhremus vcrsemis wcrc eiucijcg ky tacer mwi pmbetejhb prmocjts? Fmr eisthijc, Kretesa hjjmuits wcrc jmijcricg weta prcscitei` h jhsc fmr gcpmsei` h bc`etenhtc smvcrce`i hig fmr enpmsei` Kretesa jmitrmb mvcr h fmrce`i lei`gmn. Zeiahbh hjjmuits mf tac tenc wcrc eiucijcg eiucijcg ky tac iccg tm prcscit vcrsemis mf waht ahppcicg khscg mi bmyhbtecs tm tac gefflcrcit `rmups mf Lhigyhi fhnebecs hig hrestmjrhts wam tacnscbvcs ahg vcstcg eitcrcsts ei sccei` tac lei` gcpmscg. Trmf. Mkcysclcrc hbsm prmvegcs cvegcijc tm samw amw tac Lhigyhi hrestmjrhjy―s rcsesthijc tm tac Lei` hig jmvcrt suppmrt mf tac Kretesa enpcrehb prmocjt wcrc eiucijcg ky tacer gcserc tm kcict frmn trhgc hig tm ahvc hjjcss tm jmnnmgetecs taht wcrc kcei` gcprevcg tm tac Lhigyhi Lei`gmn hs h rcsubt mf trhgc cnkhr`mcs hig amstebetecs kctwcci tac Nhretenc Trmveijcs, waeja wcrc phrt mf tac Kretesa Jrmwi Jmbmiy, hig tac Lhigyhi Lei`gmn. Wc egch taht phrtejubhr vcrsemis mf cvcits jmubg rccjt spcjej pcrspcjtevcs es mf jmursc imt surpresei`. Hftcr hbb, taes es tac crh mf ‑h ‑hbtcrihtevc btcrihtevc fhjts―! Paht es surpresei`, hig taes es way taes kmml es sm enpmrthit, es amw mftci aestmrecs `ct wrettci hig trhisnettcg wetamut taht jretejhb hwhrcicss hig amw nuja taht enphjts mur eitcrprcthtemis mf pcmpbc, jmnnuietecs, hig cvcits ei tac acrc hig imw. imw. Wc ‑khg prcss― (hs Trmf. Mkcysclcrc rcfcrs tm et) taht Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac `mt, frmn jmbmiehb hs wcbb hs mtacr sjambhrs hig wretcrs, fcg eitm h bhr`cr ihrrhtevc hkmut tac Ihyhlhrs, tacer hneb beich`c (waeja ei etscbf es eijmrrcjt), tac hnebs hs kruthb eivhgcrs hig cicnecs, mf tac Zeiahbc hs h uiecg khstemi mf Zeiahbh rubc, gesruptcg ky tac nesrubc mf tac ‑fmrce`i― Ihyhlhrs, hig h rcbhtevcby uijretejhb hjjcpthijc mf tac gupbejety hig ycs, trchjacry mf tac bmjhb Lhigyhi hrestmjrhjy ei tacer jmbbhkmrhtemi weta Kretesa enpcrehbests h`heist h bc`etenhtc smvcrce`i, hig tac `bmssei` mvcr mf Tmbety | Vmbunc 0, Essuc ;
tac kbmmgsacg hig vembcijc mf tac Kretesa rubc. Zm waebc wc hjjcpt wetamut qucstemi gcsjreptemis ky jmbmiehb wretcrs hig hgneiestrhtmrs mf tac kruthbety kruthbety,, shvh`cry shvh`cry,, hig khrkhrety mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac, wc hbsm hjjcpt tac `bmssei` mvcr mf tac vembcijc mf tac Jmbmiehb pmwcr ei cxphigei` ets rubc mvcr mvcr tac esbhig. Fmr cxhnpbc, tac kruthb rcspmisc mf tac Kretesa tm tac 8183 rckcbbemi es imt rcncnkcrcg ei aestmry weta quetc tac shnc amrrmr hs tac sm jhbbcg cxjcsscs mf Zre Velrhnh [hohsei`ac. Wes kmml rcvchbs amw nuja es bcft uisheg hkmut tac rmbc mf G―Myby hs h spy, aes bmjhb jmbbhkmrhtmrs eijbugei` Kuggaest nmils, tac ncrjcihry eitcrcsts taht fhjebethtcg tac jmbbhkmrhtemi kctwcci Kretesa hgneiestrhtmrs hig tac Lhigyhi hrestmjrhjy, hrestmjrhjy, hig tac vembcijc hig kruthbety taht sustheicg tac Kretesa enpcrehb prmocjt. Wes pcrspcjtevc es enpmrthit imt senpby kcjhusc et samws us amw jmrrmsevc jmbmiehb pmwcrs hig jmbmiehbesn wcrc ‚ kut amw eitcrprcthtemis mf aestmry nhsl jmnpbejhtcg hig eijmivciecit hspcjts mf tac jmbmiezcg hs wcbb. H snhbb cxhnpbc nhy kc rcbcvhit ei taes rc`hrg? Wes es ei rcbhtemi tm waht Trmf. Mkcysclcrc gcsjrekcs hs tac ‑nyta-nmgcb― hkmut tac suppmscg ihtemihb h` mf tac Zeiahbhs. Hjjmrg Hjjmrgei` ei` tm taes nyta-nmgcb, nyta-nmgcb, tac bemi bemi h` es egcitecg hs tac ihtemihb h` uscg ky Zeiahbh lei`s hig whs amestcg ky [cv. Vhrehpmbh Zunhi`hbh, hftcr ac trhnpbcg tac uiemi ohjl ei gchijc mf tac Kretesa ei 8183. Trmf. Mkcysclcrc Mkcysclcrc jhsts smnc gmukt mi taes citerc eijegcit, kut nmrc enpmrthitby samws amw taes egch mf tac bemi h` kcei` tac ihtemihb h` mf tac Zeiahbhs frmn tac kc`eiiei` mf tac ihtemi ahs im khses. Jmitrhry tm jmnnmi hsscrtemis, tacrc es im gcsjreptemi mf suja h h` ei cetacr tac Nhahvhnsh mr Jubhvhnhsh mr ei hiy Zhigcshs . Wc synkmbesn mf tac bemi es jcrtheiby enpmrthit ei Zeiahbh nytambm`y, hig lei`s wcrc mftci jmnphrcg tm bemis (tamu`a tacrc hrc im rcjmrgs hjjmrgei` tm Trmf. Mkcysclcrc mf Zeiahbh lei`s jbhenei` gcsjcit frmn bemis ‚ ei fhjt, tacy jbhencg gcsjcit frmn tac sui hig smnctencs tac nmmi mr cvci kmta), hig tacrc wcrc eigccg bemi h`s ei nhiy pbhjcs, kut wactacr et whs hjjcptcg hs tac ‑ihtemihb ‑ihtemihb h`― h`― es qucstemihkbc qucstemihkbc ‚ cvci nmrc sm waci mic jmisegcrs taht tac egch mf h ‑ihtemi― es quetc rcjcit. Wc h` mf tac Zcvci Zcvci Lmrhbcs ahg h bemi bemi ‚ kut imt h bemi ambgei` h swmrg ei ets phw. phw. Zm amw geg tac enh`c mf tac bemi weta tac swmrg kcjmnc hjjcptcg hs tac ‑ihtemihb h`― mf tac Zeiahbh= Trmf. Mkcysclc Mkcysclcrc rc hr`ucs taht tac bemi weta tac swmrg jmncs frmn tac Jmht mf Hrns mf tac [cpukbej mf tac Zcvci Sietcg Trmveijcs hftcr 8317. Wc shnc enh`c whs fmuig ei jmeis hig schbs hssmjehtcg weta tac Gutja, waeja es fmuig cvci tmghy ht tac Gutja Kur`acr Siemi! Wc Zeiahbh pcmpbc mf tac Nhretenc Trmveijcs trhisfmrncg hig eige`ciezcg taes Gutja bemi hig uscg et ei tacer hrchs. Krmwire`` uscg 05
[CVECP
taes h` ht tac Lhigyhi Jmivcitemi mf 8183 seijc kmta ac hig G―Myby wcrc fhnebehr weta tac usc mf taes h` ei tac Nhretenc Trmveijcs. Amwcvcr, im suja h` cxestcg ei tac Lhigyhi rc`emis. Uct, ei pmpubhr enh`eihtemi, tac bemi h` weta tac bemi ambgei` h swmrg ei ets phw es queitcsscitehbby beilcg tm tac bhst Zeiahbh lei` hig tac Lhigyhi lei`gmn. Gurei` pukbej jmisubthtemis mi jmistetutemihb rcfmrn rcjcitby, tacrc wcrc scvcrhb pukbej suknessemis taht rcjmnncigcg jahi`ei` tac ihtemihb h` ‚ cspcjehbby tac enh`c mf tac bemi ambgei` h swmrg. Wmsc prmpmshbs cvmlcg rcspmiscs taht su``cstcg taht suja hi hjt wmubg kc h au`c kctrhyhb mf tac ihtemi. Uct, hs wc jhi scc, ef wc gesphssemihtcby cxhneic tac mre`eis mf tacsc synkmbs mf ihtemiammg, wc nhy ahvc tm jmifrmit smnc uijmnfmrthkbc hspcjts taht gesrupt tac egch mf h bmi` hig uikrmlci aestmry mf jmbbcjtevc uiety uitmujacg ky hiy ‑mutsegc― hig ‑fmrce`i― eiucijcs. Wes es waht nhlcs wmrl mf taes ihturc sm enpmrthit ‚ taes es waht nhlcs tac prmpcr stugy mf aestmry sm enpmrthit hs et jhi enphjt mi tac gckhtcs hig gesjussemis mf wam wc hrc tmghy hig amw wc enh`eic hig jmistrujt mur beils tm tac phst. Trmf. Mkcysclcrc―s ctaim-aestmrejhb wmrl gurei` tac phst jmupbc mf gcjhgcs mr sm ahs hbsm rhescg enpmrthit essucs fmr tac gesjepbeic mf hitarmpmbm`y hig cvci aestmry. aestmry. Mic essuc taht es h scisetevc mic fmr hitarmpmbm`y ei phrtejubhr es hkmut tac nesuigcrsthigei`s hig nespcrjcptemis taht jhi hresc waci hitarmpmbm`ests usc tacer fhnebehr hig jmnfmrthkbc frhncs mf rcfcrcijc tm eitcrprct hig cxpbhei gefflcrcit jmitcxts. Jhi hitarmpmbm`ests spchl hutamrethtevcby hkmut hkmut mtacrs= Pam ahs tac re`at tm spchl hkmut wamn= Hitarmpmbm`ests ahvc kcci h`miesei` mvcr taes fmr ychrs hig E suspcjt webb jmiteiuc tm gm sm ei tac fmrcscchkbc futurc futurc hs wcbb. Wc mtacr enpmrthit essuc taht es rhescg tarmu`a Trmf. Mkcysclcrc―s wmrl es amw tm gchb weta aestmrejhb nhtcrehb. Fmr aen, uigcrsthigei` aeggci h`cighs hig tac jmitcxt wetaei waeja aestmrejhb nhtcrehb es prmgujcg es csscitehb css citehb waci rcjrchtei` aestmry. aestmry. Et hbsm rhescs tac essuc hkmut amw tm cvhbuhtc jmiejtei` limwbcg`c jbhens.
Ei taes wmrl hs ei mtacrs mf h senebhr vcei, Trmf Trmf.. Mkcysclcrc qucstemis tac jbhens nhgc ky mtacr sjambhrs. Amw taci gm wc hs tac rchgcrsaep mr cvci hs h jmnnuiety mf hjhgcnejs, cvhbuhtc tacsc gefflcrcit jbhens= [mkcrt Kmrmfsly, jmnncitei` mi Trmf. Mkcysclcrc―s wmrl mi Jhpthei Ohncs Jmml ei hi hrtejbc ei 8550, shys taht ‒eitcbbcjtuhb hutamrety tcigs tm rcsegc imt ei sjambhrby hsscrtemis kut ei tac eitcrhjtemis mf sjambhrs weta tacer hugecijcs hugecijcs tarmu`a tenc. Et es smnctaei` taht `cts csthkbesacg tarmu`a jmbbcjtevc jmivcrshtemis. Petamut suja eitcrhjtemi, wc jhi miby waestbc ei tac ghrl, trustei` mur mwi enprcssemis mf waht es (hig es imt) jrcgekbc„ (p. ;67). Ei taes h`c mf uievcrsety rhilei`s, hig jmnpctei` ‑eitcrihtemihb jmifcrcijcs― hig tac jubturc mf pukbesa mr pcresa, taes es smnctaei` wc tcig tm fmr`ct? tac enpmrthijc mf sjambhrby eitcrhjtemis, jmivcrshtemis hig gckhtcs ‚ hig tac icjcssety mf iurturei` tac leig mf jubturc hig civermincit taht nhlcs tamsc leigs mf jmivcrshtemis hig eitcrhjtemis pmssekbc. Wes es waht nhlcs Trmf. Mkcysclcrc―s wmrl sm krebbehit ‚ ac prmvmlcs jmivcrshtemis, gckhtcs, gehbm`ucs, tamu`ats, hig egchs. Bct nc cig weta h qumtc frmn tac Gmmncg Lei` taht taht E fmuig phrtejubhrby eisperei`? ‒Cvegcijc etscbf jhi kc mphquc hig taht es way mur aestmrejhb hig ctaim`rhpaej hjjmuits hrc fubb mf ambcs, bhjuihc, hig taht es way mur aestmrecs hig ctaim`rhpaecs hrc, fmrtuihtcby, jmitcstcg hig jmitcsthkbc jmitcsthk bc ky mur jmbbch`ucs. Paht wc jhbb ‑truta― ‑truta― uifmrtuihtcby es hi hbbusevc hig ebbusevc gcety„ (p.;04). Imtcs 8 Hghptcg frmn h spccja `evci ht tac bhuija mf tac kmml mi 80 Nhy, ;480, ht tac Khighrhihelc Jcitrc fmr Eitcrihtemihb Ztugecs hugetmreun mr`hiezcg ky tac Eitcrihtemihb Jcitcr fmr Ctaiej Ztugecs (EJCZ). E wesa tm tahil EJCZ fmr taes mppmrtuiety. mppmrtuiety.
[cfcrcijcs Kmrmfsly, [ 8550, ‑Jmml, Bmim, Mkcycsclcrc, hig Zhabeis―, Jaejh`m Omurihbs , vmb. :1, im. ;, pp. ;33-;1;
14
Tmbety | Vmbunc 0, Essuc ;
