TESTS ON EMULSION Exp No.
Date:
1. RESIDUE TEST BY SIEVING THROUGH 600-MICRON IS SIEVE AIM
To determine the emulsion residue by sieving through 600- micron IS sieve as per IS 8887-2004 APPARATUS
1. 600 micron IS sieve – 100 100 mm diameter and 40 mm height. 2. Metal or glass dish – 110 110 mm diameter. 3. Oven – thermostatically thermostatically controlled to 100 to 110ºC. 110 ºC. – 1.5 4. Container – 1.5 litre capacity.
5. Solution – distilled distilled water 6. Solvents – Xylene Xylene and Acetone PROCEDURE
1. Wash the sieve with xylene and then with acetone.
Mass in gram of sieve + dish + residue (W 3)
678.55
Mass in gram of container (W4)
221.27
=
=
− − 4
678.55 − 678.25 1130.71 − 221.27
×100
×100 = .%
RESULT
The percentage residue on 600 micron sieve for the tested emulsion is 0.033% INFERENCE
As per IS 8887 – 2004, the percentage residue on 600 micron sieve should not be more than 0 .05% for any grade of emulsion. Since the obtained residue is 0.033%, the emulsion satisfies the IS
2. VISCOSITY BY SAYBOLT FUROL VISCOMETER AIM
To determine the viscosity of bituminous emulsion by Saybolt Furol viscometer as per IS 3117 2004 APPARATUS
1. Oil Tube – made of corrosion resistant metal 2. Bath – Capable of maintaining the test temperature with a tolerance of ±0.1°C 3. Oil tube thermometer – with an accuracy of ±0.1°C 4. Stopwatch PROCEDURE
1. Clean the oil tube with a solvent, such as benzene, and remove excess solvent from the gallery. 2. Pass the entire emulsion sample through a 150 micron wire strainer before introducing into the oil tube. 3. After cleaning the oil tube, pour sufficient quantity of sample to wet the entire surface of the tube and allow it to drain out.
RESULT
The furol viscosity of the sample at 25°C is found to be 22 seconds INFERENCE
The furol viscosity of the sample is 22 seconds, which lies in the range 20-100 seconds. Thus, the given bituminous emulsion sample is most likely to be of SS-2 grade. REFERENCE 1. IS 3117 – 2004, “Bitumen Emulsion for Roads and Allied Applications (Anionic Type) – Specification”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi.
2. IS 8887 – 2004, “Bitumen Emulsion for Roads (Cationic Type) – Specification”, Bureau of Indian Standards, New Delhi. 3.
3. STORAGE STABILITY OF EMULSION AIM
To determine the storage stability of given emulsion as per IS 8887-2004. APPARATUS
1. Cylinders – two 500 ml glass cylinders 2. Glass pipette – 60ml siphon glass tube pipette 3. Balance – capable of weighing 500 g with sensitivity ± 0.1g 4. Glass beakers – three of 600 or 1000 ml 5. Glass rod
6. Oven – capable of maintaining temperature of 163±2.8ºC PROCEDURE
1. Take 500ml of emulsion in glass cylinder and allow it to stand undisturbed at room temperature for 24 hr.
OBSERVATIONS AND CALCULATIONS Top
bottom
Empty weight of beaker + glass rod, g (A)
313.6
315.73
Weight of sample, g (B)
50
50
Weight of beaker + glass rod + sample, g
363.6
365.73
344.6
347.73
62
64
Weight of beaker + glass rod + sample after oven drying, g (C) Percentage of residue, % ((C-A)/B)×100
Storage stability = % residue of bottom sample – % residue of top sample = 64.00 % - 62.00 % = 2% RESULT
4. MISCIBILITY OF EMULSION WITH WATER AIM
To determine the miscibility of emulsions with water as per IS 8887-2004. APPARATUS
1. Glass beaker – capacity 400ml 2. Measuring flask
3. Electronic balance – accuracy 0.01g PROCEDURE
1. Take a glass beaker which is clean and pour 50ml emulsion into it. 2. Gradually pour 150ml water into it and stir gently. 3. Allow it to stand for 2h. 4. After 2h the mixture is examined visually for the presence any coagulation occurs. RESULT
It is observed that, after 2h there was no appreciable amount coagulation.
5. PARTICLE CHARGE OF EMULSION AIM
To determine the particle charge of emulsion as per IS 8887-2004. APPARATUS
1. Current source – 12V battery 2. Rheostat – 2000 ohm capacity 3. Ammeter – 0.1 A capacity 4. Stainless steel plates – two, 25mm × 75 mm size 5. Glass container – 500 ml capacity PROCEDURE
1. Take sufficient amount of emulsion in the glass container. 2. Immerse two stainless steel plates 25mm × 75 mm which are c onnected to a 12V battery circuit through a switch, a rheostat and an ammeter, to a depth of 25mm and mark +ve and – ve plates.
3. Close the switch and adjust the rheostat so that the current in the circuit is more than 4Ma. 4. Open the circuit after 30 min and remove the plates.
6. TESTS ON RESIDUE AIM
To determine the residue by evaporation of emulsion and also to find the penetration and ductility of the emulsion sample. APPARATUS
1. Glass Beaker – 1 liter capacity 2. Glass rods 3. Balance – 500g capacity and accurate to ±0.1g 4. Oven – Thermostatically controlled at a temperature of 163 ± 2.8°C 5. Apparatus for ductility and penetration measurement PROCEDURE
1. Take three 1 liter capacity beakers with rod and note down their empty weights. 2. Weigh 50 ± 0.1g each of thoroughly mixed emulsion into three beakers with glass rods. 3. Place the beakers containing the sample along with rod in an oven maintained at 163 ± 2.8°C for 2 hours. 4. After 2 hours, remove the beakers and stir thoroughly.
Mass of Beaker +
Tare mass of Beaker
rod + residue (g)
+ rod (g)
Sample 1
315.26
347.39
64.26
Sample 2
327.2
359.26
64.12
Sample 3
254.85
287.05
64.4
•
The average residue percent value is 64.26
•
The average penetration value was found to be 45
•
The average ductility value of the residue found to be 57.5cm.
Residue (%)
%
RESULTS •
The average residue percent value is 64.26
%
•
The average 3 trail penetration value at 25°C for a 100g needle penetrating for 5 seconds was found to be 45
•
The average 2 trail ductility value of the residue at 27°C was found to be 57.5cm
Grade of Emulsion RS-1
RS-2
MS
SS-1
SS-2
Obtained Value
Residue on 600 micron IS Sieve, percent by mass, Max
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.05
0.033
2
Viscosity by saybolt furol viscometer, second at 25°C
-
-
-
20-100
30-150
22
3
Storage stability after 24 h, percent, Max
2
1
1
2
2
2
4
Particle charge
Positive
Positive
Positive
Weak positive
Positive
Positive
5
Miscibility with water
No coagulation
No coagulation
No coagulation
No coagulation
No coagulation
No Coagulation
60
67
65
50
60
64.26
80-150
80-150
60-150
60-350
60-120
45
50
50
50
50
50
57.5
Sl. No
Characteristic
1
Tests on residue 1) Residue by evaporation, percent, min 6
2) Penetration at 25°C/ 100g/ 5 sec 3) Ductility 27° C/cm, Min
The table above summarizes the requirements of different grades of emulsion as per IS 8887-2004. The last column indicates the values obtained for each of the tests. From the results obtained, the emulsion is most likely to be an SS-1 Emulsion.
