Testbank Metabolism

CHAPTER 24 Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

TYPE I MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank at the left. There is only one correct response for each question. 24.1

c

The primary primary site within within the human body where carbohydr carbohydrate ate digestio digestion n occurs occurs is the a) mouth. b) stomach. c) small small intest intestine ine.. d) membranes membranes of intesti intestinal nal mucosal mucosal cells. cells.

24.2

b

Which of the following following conversio conversions ns is accomplish accomplished ed by the process process of glycolys glycolysis? is? a) glucos glucosee to glycog glycogen en b) glucose to pyruvate pyruvate c) starch starch to gluco glucose se d) pyruva pyruvate te to gluc glucose ose

24.3

c

The first first two intermedi intermediates ates in the process process of glycolys glycolysis is are, respectiv respectively, ely, a) glucose glucose 6-phosph 6-phosphate ate and glucose glucose 1-phosp 1-phosphate hate.. b) glucose 1-phosphate 1-phosphate and glucose 6-phosphate. 6-phosphate. c) glucose glucose 6-phosph 6-phosphate ate and fructose fructose 6-phosph 6-phosphate. ate. d) glucose glucose 1-phosphat 1-phosphatee and fructose 1-phospha 1-phosphate. te.

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Chapter 24: Carbohydrate Metabolism

Test Bank

24.4

b

The transition from the C 6 stage of glycolysis to the C 3 stage involves the conversion of the molecule fructose 1,6-bisphosphate into the C 3 species a) dihydroxyacetone and glyceraldehydes. b) dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. c) glyceraldehyde and 3-phosphoglycerate. d) 3-phosphoglycerate and 2-phosphoglycerate.

24.5

c

How many total steps are there in the process of glycolysis? a) six b) eight c) ten d) twelve

24.6

d

How many glycolysis intermediates are molecules that contain one or more phosphate groups? a) two b) four c) six d) nine

24.7

c

How many steps in the glycolysis pathway have a C 3 molecule as the reactant? a) two b) four c) six d) eight

24.8

d

In the human body, under aerobic conditions and anaerobic conditions, respectively, pyruvate is converted to a) lactate and ethanol. b) lactate and acetyl CoA. c) ethanol and lactate. d) acetyl CoA and lactate.

24.9

a

Accumulation of which of the following substances is the cause of stiff and sore muscles after vigorous exercise? a) lactate b) pyruvate c) acetyl CoA d) glycerate

24.10

c

[Algorithmic]The net yield of ATP from the complete oxidation of one molecule of glucose is a) 12. b) 24. c) 30. d) 36.


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24.11

a

[Algorithmic]The net yield of ATP per glucose molecule during the process of glycolysis is a) 2. b) 4. c) 8. d) 12.

24.12

b

The name of the process in which free glucose is converted to glycogen is a) gluconeogenesis. b) glycogenesis. c) glycogenolysis. d) glycolysis.

24.13

a

Which of the following processes require UTP molecules? a) formation of glycogen from glucose b) degradation of glycogen to glucose c) both the formation and degradation of glycogen d) formation of glucose 1-phosphate from glucose 6-phosphate

24.14

c

[Algorithmic]Glucose 1-phosphate is converted to glucose 6-phosphate in which of the following processes? a) gluconeogenesis b) glycogenesis c) glycogenolysis d) glycolysis

24.15

a

[Algorithmic]Adding a single glucose unit to a growing glycogen chain a) requires the investment of 2 ATP molecules. b) results in the production of 1 ATP molecule. c) does not require any triphosphate molecules. d) requires NAD + as an oxidizing agent.

24.16

c

[Algorithmic]Which of the following intermediates is involved in gluconeogenesis but not in glycolysis? a) glucose 1-phosphate b) pyruvate c) oxaloacetate d) phosphoenolpyruvate

24.17

a

[Algorithmic]Which of the following is a reactant in the first step of gluconeogenesis? a) carbon dioxide b) molecular oxygen c) glucose d) acetyl CoA


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24.18

b

Which of the following substances are participants in the reactions encompassed by the Cori cycle? a) pyruvate and acetyl CoA b) pyruvate and lactate c) lactate and acetyl CoA d) pyruvate, lactate and acetyl CoA

24.19

b

[Algorithmic]Which of the following statements concerning the pentose phosphate pathway is incorrect ? a) It is an alternative pathway to glycolysis for the degradation of glucose. b) The major coenzyme produced by the pathway is NADH. c) Pentose derivatives needed for the production of nucleic acids are products of the pathway. d) In the first stage of the pathway, glucose 6-phosphate is converted to ribulose 5-phosphate.

24.20

a

Which of the following hormones promotes the uptake and use of glucose by cells? a) insulin b) glucagon c) epinephrine d) adrenaline

TYPE II MULTIPLE-CHOICE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, place the letter of the correct response in the blank at the left. There may be more than one correct response (choice d) or no correct response for a question (choice e). 24.21

c

Which of the following statements concerning glycolysis is incorrect ? a) It is an oxidation process in which no molecular oxygen is used. b) All reactions take place in the cytosol of a cell. c) There are two stages, each of which involves a series of five reactions. d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.22

d

In two of the first three steps of glycolysis, a) phosphorylation reactions occur. b) isomerization reactions occur. c) ATP is converted to ADP. d) more than one correct response e) no correct response


Test Bank


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24.23

a

Which of the following C 6 stage glycolysis intermediates is paired with the correct type of enzyme needed for its production? a) glucose 6-phosphate; kinase b) fructose 6-phosphate; dehydrogenase c) fructose 1,6-bisphosphate; mutase d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.24

b

In which of the following steps of glycolysis does substrate-level phosphorylation occur? a) production of phosphoenolpyruvate b) production of pyruvate c) production of 2-phosphoglycerate d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.25

d

Which of the following C 3 stage glycolysis intermediates undergoes an isomerization reaction? a) dihydroxyacetone phosphate b) glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate c) 3-phosphoglycerate d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.26

b

Intermediates in the glycolysis pathway include a) two glucose derivatives. b) three glycerate derivatives. c) two pyruvate derivatives. d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.27

d

The regeneration of NAD + from NADH occurs during the conversion of pyruvate to a) lactate. b) ethanol. c) acetyl CoA. d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.28

d

Carbon dioxide is a product when lactate is converted to a) pyruvate. b) ethanol. c) acetyl CoA. d) more than one correct response e) no correct response


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Test Bank

24.29

b

In which of the following processes is glucose the end product? a) glycogenesis b) glycogenolysis c) glycolysis d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.30

d

Which of the following is a three-step process? a) conversion of pyruvate to glucose b) conversion of glucose to glycogen c) conversion of glycogen to glucose d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.31

a

The compound glucose 1-phosphate is encountered in which of the following processes? a) glycogenesis and glycogenolysis b) glycolysis and gluconeogenesis c) glycogenesis and gluconeogenesis d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.32

e

The compound glucose 6-phosphate is not encountered in which of the following processes? a) conversion of pyruvate to glucose b) conversion to glucose to pyruvate c) conversion of glycogen to glucose d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.33

b

The compound oxaloacetate is an intermediate in the conversion of a) glycogen to glucose. b) pyruvate to glucose. c) pyruvate to acetyl CoA. d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

24.34

d

Which of the following is a product of the first stage of the pentose phosphate pathway? a) carbon dioxide b) a phosphorylated version of the coenzyme NADH c) ribose 5-phosphate d) more than one correct response e) no correct response


Test Bank

24.35

c


21

Which of the following hormones increases blood glucose levels? a) insulin and glucagon b) insulin and epinephrine c) glucagon and epinephrine d) more than one correct response e) no correct response

MULTIPLE-CHOICE FORMAT TRUE-FALSE QUESTIONS

In each of the following multiple-choice questions, characterize EACH of the three given statements as being TRUE or FALSE and then indicate the collective true-false status of the statements using the choices a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.36 c - FTF

Statements: (1) The three major monosaccharide products from carbohydrate digestion are glucose, galactose, and ribose. (2) In glycolysis, two ATP molecules are consumed and four ATP molecules are produced. (3) The Cori cycle is a process in which glucose is converted to pyruvate which is then converted back to glucose. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.37 b - FTT

Statements: (1) Glycogenesis and glycolysis are “opposite” processes. (2) The focal point for carbohydrate metabolism is the molecule glucose. (3) Production of 30 ATP molecules accompanies the complete oxidation of a glucose molecule. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.


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24.38 b - FTT

Test Bank

Statements: (1) Absorption of monosaccharides through the intestinal wall into the bloodstream involves passive transport. (2) In the conversion of pyruvate to acetyl CoA, a carbon dioxide molecule is produced. (3) Glucose degradation occurs in both glycolysis and the pentose phosphate pathway. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.39 c - FTF

Statements: (1) The process of glycolysis converts a C 6 molecules into three C 2 molecules. (2) The primary location where gluconeogenesis occurs is the liver. (3) Pyruvate reduction to lactate occurs under aerobic conditions, and pyruvate oxidation to acetyl CoA results from anaerobic conditions. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.40 a - TTT

Statements: (1) Glucose 1-phosphate is an intermediate in both glycogenesis and glycogenolysis. (2) Conversion of ATP to ADP occurs in both steps 1 and 3 of glycolysis. (3) In the oxidative stage of the pentose phosphate pathway, a hexose phosphate is converted to a pentose phosphate and carbon dioxide. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.41 b - TTF

Statements: (1) Gluconeogenesis is a process through which glucose can be synthesized from noncarbohydrate materials. (2) The process of glycolysis takes place in the cytosol of a cell. (3) Insulin’s function is to increase blood glucose levels by speeding up the conversion of glycogen to glucose. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.


Test Bank

24.42 b - TFT


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Statements: (1) All intermediates in the C 3 stage of glycolysis are phosphorylated derivatives of either glycerol or acetone. (2) The digestion of carbohydrates begins in the mouth, continues in the stomach, and is completed in the small intestine. (3) The storage form for excess glucose in the body is glycogen produced by glycogenesis. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.43 a - TTT

Statements: (1) The conversion of glucose 6-phosphate to glucose, the last step of glycogenolysis, does not occur in muscle and brain cells. (2) The two triose phosphates initially formed in glycolysis are dihydroxyacetone phosphate and glyceraldehyde 3-phosphate. (3) ATP production during glycolysis occurs via substrate-level phosphorylation. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.44 d - FFF

Statements: (1) The first step of glycolysis involves the phosphorylation of glucose to produce glucose 1-phosphate. (2) The processing of one glucose molecule via glycolysis produces two acetyl CoA molecules and two carbon dioxide molecules. (3) The majority of ATP molecules produced during the complete oxidation of glucose form during the glycolysis phase of oxidation. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.

24.45 a - TTT

Statements: (1) Lactate accumulation is the cause of muscle pain and cramping during prolonged, strenuous exercise. (2) Lactate production during exercise lowers blood pH, which triggers faster breathing. (3) The effects of both type I and type II diabetes are the same - inadequate glucose uptake by cells. a) All three statements are true. b) Two of the three statements are true. c) Only one of the statements is true. d) None of the statements is true.


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Test Bank

MATCHING QUESTIONS

Assign each of the characterizations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the response list on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.46

d

Glucose is converted to two pyruvates.

24.47

b

Glycogen is synthesized from glucose.

24.48

c

Glycogen is broken down into free glucose units.

24.49

a

Glucose is synthesized from pyruvate.

24.50

a

Two C 3 molecules combine to give a C 6 molecule.

a) b) c) d)

gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycogenolysis glycolysis

Assign each of the reaction characterizations on the left to one of the metabolic pathways listed in the responses on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.51

d

Fructose 6-phosphate is the product formed in the second step of this process.

24.52

b

Formation of UDP-glucose is part of this process.

24.53

a

Oxaloacetate is the product formed in the first step of this process.

24.54

a

Two trioses combine to form fructose 1,6-bisphosphate as part of this process.

24.55

b

Glucose 6-phosphate is converted to glucose 1-phosphate as part of this process.

a) b) c) d)

gluconeogenesis glycogenesis glycogenolysis glycolysis

How many steps in glycolysis have the characteristics listed on the left? Respond using the response list on the right. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.56

b

ATP is converted to ADP.

24.57

c

An isomerization reaction occurs.

24.58

b

Substrate-phosphorylation occurs.

24.59

b

A bisphosphate molecule is formed.

24.60

c

A glycerate derivative is formed.

a) b) c) d)

one step two steps three steps four steps


Test Bank


25

What is the ATP yield per glucose molecule in each of the following processes? Respond using the list on the right. Responses on the r ight may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.61

a

Glycolysis

24.62

d

Glycolysis plus the common metabolic pathway

24.63

a

Glycolysis plus oxidation of pyruvate to acetyl CoA

24.64

a

Glycolysis plus reduction of pyruvate to lactate

24.65

a

Glycolysis plus reduction of pyruvate to ethanol

a) b) c) d)

2 ATP 4 ATP 10 ATP 30 ATP

For each of the chemical changes on the left, choose from the response list on the right a correct name for the process or the conditions under which it occurs. Responses on the right may be used more than once or need not be used at all. 24.66

b

Pyruvate to lactate

24.67

b

Pyruvate to ethanol

24.68

a

Glucose to pyruvate to lactate to pyruvate to glucose

24.69

c

Glucose 6-phosphate to ribulose 5-phosphate

24.70

d

Ribulose 5-phosphate to ribose 5-phosphate


a) Cori cycle b) an anaerobic process c) oxidative stage of pentose phosphate pathway d) nonoxidative stage of pentose phosphate pathway

Testbank Metabolism

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