LINGKUP, PERKEMBANGAN DAN TEORI GEOGRAFI Oleh: Sutikno Prof Dr
SISTEMATIKA ! $ & )
Pen"#nt#r Lin"ku% S# S#in Ge Geo"r#fi Di'i(i Ge"r#fi Perke rke*+#n"# n"#n "eo"r# "r#fi Teori "eo"r#fi
SISTEMATIKA ! $ & )
Pen"#nt#r Lin"ku% S# S#in Ge Geo"r#fi Di'i(i Ge"r#fi Perke rke*+#n"# n"#n "eo"r# "r#fi Teori "eo"r#fi
I Pen"#nt#r ! M#teri *#triku rikull#(i Pro" ro"r#* r#* S$ -
Geo"r#fi Fi(ik . Geo*orfolo"i . /i0rolo"i1
-
O+4ek *#teri#l
Geo"r#fi M#nu(i# Tehnik Geo"r#fi: . K#rto"r#fi . Pen"in0er##n 2# 2#uh . SIG
-
?
Al#t *en"k#3i
I F A R G O E G
Teori Perke*+#n"#n Geo"r#fi Perke*+#n"#n Teori Geo"r#fi Lin"ku%, Perke*+#n"#n, Teori Geo"r#fi
ASI KA2IAN GEOGRAFI: P, PERKEMBANGAN DAN TEORI GEOGRAFI
AP/5 IS 6ON6ERNED 7IT/ DES6RIPTION AND E8PLANATION F T/E AREAL DIFFERENTIATION DIFFERENTIATION OF OF T/E EART/9S SURFA6E SURFA6E
6ARA MEMPELA2ARIMETODOLOGI: OB5EK FORMAL APA 5ANG DIPELA2ARI : OB5EK MATERIAL
II. LINGKUP SAIN GEOGRAFI -
Bi0#n" k#3i#n "eo"r#fi ;uku% lu#(: feno*en# "eo(fer#: !1 $1 &1 )1
#t*o(fer, lito lito(f (fer er% %e0 e0o( o(fe ferr hi0ro(fer, +io( +io(fe fer r#n #ntr tro% o%o( o(fe fer1 r1
- 0in#*ik - (#lin" terk#it - *e*+entuk (i(te* #l#*i - +ert#*%#l#n 0en"#n 0i(i%lin il*u l#in
SASARAN STUDI GEOGRAFI - OB5EK STUDI GEOGRAFI: - BERTAMPALAN DENGAN OB5EK STUDI ILMU 5ANG LAIN, LALU APAKA/ PERBEDAANN5A<
- GEOGRAFI :
<
- lok#(i, %o(i(i keru#n"#n 0#ri feno*en# 0i %er*uk##n +u*i= - hu+un"#n *#nu(i# 0en"#n lin"kun"#nn4#= - hu+un"#n ko*%lek( >il#4#h 4#n" (#tu terh#0#% >il#4#h l#in= - 0i(tri+u(i feno*en# *enurut ru#n" 0#n >#ktu
- LABEL GEOGRAFI: - Ruang, tempat, lingkungan dan peta
JATI DIRI GEOGRAFI APAKAH GEOGRAFI ITU? 1. GEOGRAFI: – ILMU PENGETAHUAN YANG MEMPELAJARI PERBEDAAN DAN PERSAMAAN FENOMENA GEOSFER DENGAN SUDUT PANDANG KELINGKUNGAN ATAU KEWILAYAHAN DALAM KONTEKS KERUANGAN
2. GEOGRAFI ADALAH ILMU YANG MEMPELAJARI : – PERMUKAAN BUMI SEBAGAI RUANG DIMANA MANUSIA HIDUP; – RUANG, TEMPAT DAN HUBUNGAN MANUSIALINGKUNGAN
3. TAMBAH DEFINISI LAIN
APAKA/ GEOSFER ITU< GEOSFER : • La!"a# $a#% &'()aa& )! B*+! $a#% +'#a)! &'+a& '!)*a# )a# '#%!)*a# +a/* !)* &'(+a"* +a#*"!a
GEOSFER TERDIRI DARI : • ATMOSFER • LITOSFER/PEDOSFER • HIDROSFER • BIOSFER • ANTROPOSFER
SIFAT DARI KOMPONEN GEOSFER A B
H -
A: #t*o(fer /: hi0ro(fer L: lito(fer B: +io(fer
L
Sifatnya dinamik
SISTEM ALAMI INTERAKSI KOMPONEN FENOMENA GEOSFER In%ut A
H
-
A:#t*o(fer B:+io(fer /:hi0ro(fer L:litho(fer
B
Output
L
Input: energi dan ati!ita" #anu"ia Output: da#pa $ingungan
2#ti 0iri Geo"r#fi ?The N#ture of Geo"r#%h41 ?DARI BERBAGAI SUMBER1 !1
Geo"r#%h4 i( e((enti#ll4 to the full un0er(t#n0in" of re#lit4
$1 Geo"r#%h4 i( (o ;o*%rehen(i'e in ;h#r#;ter th#t the i0e#ll4 ;o*%lete "eo"r#%her >oul0 h#'e to kno> #ll #+out e'er4 (;ien;e th#t h#( to 0o >ith the >orl0, +oth n#ture #n0 of *#n
&1 Geo"r#%h4 en0e#'or to 0e(;ri+e #n0 inter%ret( #;tu#l (e;tion( of re#lit4 #( the e@i(t, #n0 tho(e (e;tion( the4 o+(er'e %heno*en# +4 *etho0( th#t, in # "ener#l >#4, #re #'#il#+le to the ;o**on *#n )1 Geo"r#%h4 i( #n inte"r#tin" (;ien;e ;on;erne0 >ith (tu04in" the >orl0
1 Geo"r#%h4 (eek( to #;uire # ;o*%lete kno>le0"e of the #re# 0ifferenti#tion of the >orl0 #n0 therefore 0i(;ri*in#te #*on" the %heno*en# th#t '#r4 in 0ifferent %#rt( of the >orl0 onl4 in ter*( of their "eo"r#%hi; (i"nifi;#n;e ie their rel#tion to the tot#l 0ifferenti#tion of #re#( 1 In (tu04in" the interrel#tion of the(e %heno*en# "eo"r#%h4 0e%en0( fir(t #n0 fun0#*ent#ll4 on ;o*%#ri(on of *#%( 0e%i;tin" the #re# e@%re((ion of in0i'i0u#l %heno*en# or interrel#te0 %heno*en#
C1 Geo"r#%h4 #;;e%t( the uni'er(#l (;ientifi; (t#n0#r0( of %re;i(e lo"i;#l re#(onin" +#(e0 on (%#ti#l 0efine0, if not (t#n0#r0ie0 *#% 1 Geo"r#%h4 (eek( to e(t#+li(h %rin;i%le( of rel#tion(hi%( +et>een the %heno*en# th#t #re # re#ll4 rel#te0 in the (#*e or 0ifferent #re#( in or0er th#t it *#4 ;orre;tl4 inter%ret the interrel#tion( of (u;h %heno*en# in #n4 %#rti;ul#r #re#
1 Geo"r#%h4 (eek( to or"#nie0 it( kno>le0"e of the >orl0 into inter;onne;te0 (4(te* in or0er th#t #n4 %#rti;ul#r fr#"*ent of kno>le0"e *#4 +e rel#te0 to #ll other( th#t +e#r u%on it !1Geo"r#%h4 i( ;on;erne0 to %ro'i0e #n #;ur#te, or0erl4, #n0 r#tion#l 0e(;ri%tion of the '#ri#+le ;h#r#;terter of the e#rth9( (urf#;e
!!1 It( "o#l i( nothin" th#n #n un0er(t#n0in" of the %#(t, inter#;tin" (4(te* ;o*%ri(in" #ll hu*#nit4 #n0 it( n#tur#l en'iron*ent on the (urf#;e of the e#rth !$1 Geo"r#%h4 (eek( to e@%l#in ho> the (u+(4(te*( of the %h4(i;#l en'iron*ent #re or"#nie0 on the e#rth9( (urf#;e, #n0 ho> *#n ;ontri+ute( hi*(elf o'er the e#rth in rel#tion to %h4(i;#l fe#ture( #n0 to other *#n
!&1 Geo"r#%h4 i( ;on;erne0 >ith "i'in" *#n #n or0erl4 0e(;ri%tion of hi( >orl0 ?ho>e'er1 the ;onte*%or#r4 (tre(( i( on "eo"r#%h4 #( the (tu04 of (%#ti#l or"#ni#tion e@%re((e0 #( %#ttern( #n0 %ro;e((e( !)1 Geo"r#%h4 A (;ien;e ;on;erne0 >ith the r#tion#l 0e'elo%*ent, #n0 te(tin" of theorie( th#t e@%l#in #n0 %re0i;t the (%#ti#l 0i(tri+ution #n0 lo;#tion of '#riou( ;h#r#;teri(ti;( on the (urf#;e of the e#rth
!1 Geo"r#%h4 i( the (tu04 of rel#tion( +et>een (o;iet4 #n0 the n#tur#l en'iron*ent !C1 Go"r#%h4 look( #t ho> (o;iet4 (h#%e(, #lter(, #n0 in;re#(in"l4 tr#n(for*( the n#tur#l en'iron*ent, ;re#tin" hu*#nie0 for*( fro* (tret;he( of %ri(tine n#ture, #n0 then (e0i*entin" l#4er( of (o;i#li#tion on >ithin the other, one on to% of the other(, until # ;o*%le@ n#tur#lH(o;i#l l#n0(;#%e re(ult(
!1 Geo"r#%h4 i( # (tu04 of n#tureH(o;iet4 interrel#tion( !1 Geo"r#%her( inte"r#te( %heno*en# #;;or0in" to it( 0i(tin;ti'e ;horo"r#%hi; %oint of 'ie> $1 Geo"r#%h4, #%titu0e of ;o*%rehen0in" the ;orre(%on0en;e #n0 ;orrel#tion of f#;t(, +e the4 in terre(tri#l *ilieu >hi;h in;lu0e( the* #ll, +e the4 in re"ion#l *ilieu in >hi;h the4 #re lo;#lie0
2ATI DIRI GEOGRAFI !
RESUME: NONE OF T/EM 7ILL SATISF5 ALL GEOGRAP/ERS, BUT ALL GEOGRAP/ERS 7ILL RE6OGNIE SOME 6OMMON IDENTIFIABLE ELEMENTS
$
Geo"r#fi:>h#t "eo"r#%her( 0o= #;#0e*i; 0#n ?>h#t "eo"r#%her( (tu04= 'ern#;ul#r 1 <
&
GEOGRAFI MEMPUN5AI SEGI POKOK: KERUANGAN, LINGKUNGAN, 7ILA5A/, UNSUR TIMBAL BALIK, KETERKAITAN, KETERPADUAN, KETERGANTUNGAN DAN KESINAMBUNGAN
LINGKUP SAIN GEOGRAFI Ter(ir#t 0#n ter(ur#t 0#l#* 0efini(i: !1 ru#n" ?(%#;e 1, $1 lin"kun"#n #l#*i ?n#tur#l1 &1 lin"kun"#n kehi0u%#n ?hu*#n, +io1 )1 linkun"#n +u0#4# ?;ultur#l 1 1 >il#4#h ?re"ion 1, 1 ti*+#l+#lik ?interrel#tion(hi% 1, C1 keter%#0u#n ?inte"r#te01, 1 keter"#ntun"#n ?inter0e%en0en;4 1 1 ke+erl#n3ut#n ?(u(t#in#+ilit4 1
UNSUR LINGKUNGAN #I$UP %A&'(
sain geoga!i temasuk gugus ilmu lingkungan, atau paling tidak se"agai "agian pondasi dai ilmu lingkungan.
Di(i%lin Geo"r#fi Menurut Su"en" M#rto%o FENOMEN PERMUKAAN BUMI/GEOSFERA ATMOSFER LITOSFER
Cuaca/meeoro!o"# To$osfer
I&!#m/&!#mao!o"# Pedosfer
HIDROSFER
A#r daraa%
A#r !au
BIOSFER
Fau%a
F!ora
KONTEKS
Kerua%"a% Ke!#%"&u%"a% Ke'#!a(a)a%
TEKNIK
TATASUSUN KERUANGAN
Ide%#f#&as#* #%+e%ar#sas#* a%a!#s#s* s#%es#s*
Di'i(i Geo"r#fi G E O G R
Geo!o"# Meeoro!o"#
B#o!o"#
Geomorfologi
Biogeografi
Klimatologi
Asro%om# Matematika Geografi
GEOGRAFI
I
Geografi. Tanah
Geo. !olitik
Geo. Sosial
E&o%omi
Geo. Sejarah
I!mu Po!##&
G E O G R
A F I
Geo. Bdaya
M A N
A%ro$o!"# Se,ara)
F IS IK
Pedo!o"#
Sos#o!o"# Geo. Ekonomi
A F
U S IA
PERTAN5AAN PEMANDU GEOGRAFI PARSIAL %)*+#(-
ANALIIKAL- /*+#*+*+#
!1 7/AT
( *#A., *#ERE, *#EN
$1 7/ERE
0( #O* AN$ *#1
&1 7/EN
/( *#A. IS .#E I2PA'.
)1 7/5 1 7/O 1 /O7
3( #O* OUG#. .O
PERTAN5AAN KUN6I DALAM KA2IAN GEOGRAFI . APA, $I2ANA dan KAPAN % *#A, *#ERE and *#EN ( J J J J J J J
A%#k#h feno*en# 4#n" 0i(tu0i< A%#k#h 4#n" 0io+(er'#(i< A%#k#h %er(e%(in4#< A%#k#h k#r#ktern4#< Di*#n#k#h feno*en# terlet#k< A%#k#h %ol# 0i(tri+u(i 4#n" ter+entuk< K#%#n feno*en# ter+entuk k#%#n #k#n *en"#l#*i %eru+#h#n<
% #O* and *#1(
- B#"#i*#n#k#h feno*en#, %en0u0uk 0#n %ol# ter(truktur< - B#"#i*#n#k#h feno*en# (#lin" terk#it 0#l#* (i(te*< - Men"#%# %ro(e( (o(i#l 0#n #l#*i 0#%#t ter3#0i 0#n *en4e+#+k#n %eru+#h#n %ol# 0#n (i(te* 4#n" ter+entuk<
/. APAKA# $A2PAKN1A % *#A I2PA'(
- A%#k#h kon(ekuen(i %eru+#h#n lok#(ion#l 0#n lin"kun"#n< - A%#k#h %en"#ruhn4# terh#0#% kehi0u%#n *#nu(i#< - B#"#i*#n#k#h kon(ekuen(i ter(e+ut 0#%#t 0ie'#lu#(i<
3.&AGAI2ANA SE#ARUSN1A % #O* OUG# (
- A%#k#h #ltern#tif untuk *en"or"#ni(#(i ru#n" 0#n *en"elol# lin"kun"#n< - Si#%#k#h 4#n" *e*utu(k#n< - Si#%#k#h 4#n" 0iru"ik#n0iuntun"k#n< - A%#k#h #ltern#tif 0#n ke%utu(#n 4#n" 0i%ilih< - A%#k#h kriteri#n4# 0#n +#"#i*#n#k#h re(%onn4#<
III PERKEMBANGAN GEOGRAFI !1 Ter*#(uk il*u tu# (e3#k SM ?*other of (;ien;e(1 $1 A>#l %erke*+#n"#n 0#ri fil(f#t, %er3#l#n#n: e@%e0i(i, ;#ri (0#, 0#er#h +#ru, 3#3#h#n, #"#*#, %er#n" &1 Perke*+#n"#n 0i%en"#ruhi oleh %erke*+#n"#n IPTEK )1 Rin;i#n Lih#t T#+el !
I TEORI GEOGRAFI PEMA/AMAN TENTANG TEORI:
Teori 0i%eroleh 0#ri fil(#f#t 0#n %eneliti#n Peneliti#n +er#n"k#t 0#ri teori +er#khir 0en"#n teori Teori 0i0#(#ri oleh %rin(i%, kon(e% ke*u0i#n teori
PEMA/AMAN T/D KATA KUN6I Prin(i% Geo"r#fi: -
PokokH%okok fikir#n 4#n" *en0#(#ri %ol# k#3i#n "eo"r#fi, 4#n" *en;#ku%: . . . . . .
0e(kri%(i 0#n kl#(ifik#(i lok#(i 0#n %en4e+#r#n#"ih#n interel#(i 0#n 3#rin"#n korolo"ikeru#n"#n ukur#n 0#n (k#l# (truktur %ol#, fun"(i 0#n %ro(e(
Pen"erti#n tet#n" kon(e%: -
T#n""#%#n #t#u "#*+#r#n 4#n" 0i+entuk oleh #k#l +u0i tent#n" ken4#t##n 4#n" tent#n" o+4ek 0i(e+ut kon(e% #t#u %en"erti#n
-
(e(u#tu 4#n" *e*#*%uk#n %ikir#n untuk *e*+e0#k#n (#tu h#l 0#ri h#l l#inn4#
-
Kon(e% "eo"r#fi<
Kon(e% "eo"r#fi: !1 kon(e% l#%i(#n kehi0u%#n ? life l#4er ;on;e%t 1 $1 kon(e% 0o*in#(i ekolo"i *#nu(i# ? *#n e;olo"i;#l 0o*in#nt ;on;e%t1 &1 kon(e% keunik#n >il#4#h ?#re#l uniene(( ;on;e%t 1 )1 kon(e% lok#(i rel#tif ?rel#ti'e lo;#tion ;on;e%t 1
Kon(e% Geo"r#fi 0#ri /enr4 2 7#r*#n ?0#l#* Bint#rto, !!1 ! $ & ) C ! !! !$ !& !) !
Re"ion#l ;on;e%t Life l#4er ;on;e%t M#nHe;olo"i;#l 0o*in#nt ;on;e%t Glo+#li(* ;on;e%t S%#ti#l inter#;tion ;on;e%t Are#l rel#tion(hi% ;on;e%t Are#l likene(( Are#l 0ifferen;e( ;on;e%t Are#l uniuene(( ;on;e%t Are#l 0i(tri+ution ;on;e%t Rel#ti'e lo;#tion ;on;e%t 6o*%#r#ti'e #0'#nt#"e ;on;e%t Per%e;tu#l tr#n(for*#tion ;on;e%t 6ultur#ll4 0efine0 re(our;e( ;on;e%t Roun0 e#rth on fl#t %#%er ;on;e%t
Kon(e% Geo"r#fi Menurut Getru0e 7hi%le ?0#l#* Bint#rto, !!1 ! $ & )
The e#rth #( # %l#net #rie0 >#4( of li'in" #rie0 n#tur#l re"ion( Si"nifi;#n;e of re"ion to *#n The i*%ort#n;e of lo;#tion in un0er(t#n0in" >orl0 #ff#ire
Kon(e% Geo"r#fi *enurut Peter /#""et ?!C1 ! $ & )
Are#l 0ifferenti#tion L#n0(;#%e M#nHen'iron*ent S%#ti#l 0i(tri+ution Geo*etri; RESUME DARI TIGA KONSEP GEOGRAFI
1. Bumi sebagai tempat tinggal . Stu!i "e#uangan $. %ubungan manusia !engan ling"ungan &. Stu!i 'ila(a)*"a'asan
KEDUDUKAN TEORI DALAM FILSFAT ILMU Metapa#a!igma
Pa#a!igma s-si-l-gis
Pa#a!igmaa#te,a"
PEMIKIRAN
FI+OSOFI
Ob(e"ti,
TEORI
Dasa# EKSP+ANASI
METODO+OG I +-gis
P#r#0i"*# Geo"r#fi !1 /u+un"#n #l#* 0#n *#nu(i# $1 Perke*+#n"#n %e*ikir#n "eo"r#fi * # l A
Deter*ini(*e Po(i+ili(*e olunt#ri(*e
M#nu(i#
Teori "eo"r#fi - Su#tu r#n"k#i#n %ro%o(i(i #t#u %ern4#t##n #t#u hi*%un#n %rin(i%, 4#n" tel#h 0i+uktik#n *el#lui #l#(#n lo"i( 0#ri (u#tu f#kt# 0#n #(u*(i 4#n" +en#r, 0i(u(un (e;#r# (i(te*#tik, 4#n" +er%er#n *en3el#(k#n 0#n *er#*#lk#n (u#tu "e3#l# "eo"r#fi( #t#u ken#*%#k#n "eo"r#fi( 4#n" 0i%er*#(#l#hk#n
Teori "eo"r#fi Sif#t 0#ri teori ?ter*#(uk teori "eo"r#fi1: !1 *en4#t#k#n hu+un"#n (i(te*#tik 4#n" *e*+erik#n ker#n"k# orient#(i kl#(ifik#(i 0#t# 0#n #n#li(i( 0#t# $1 lo"i( 0#n kon(i(ten &1 "ener#l 0#n #+(tr#k(i )1 0#%#t 0iu3i ke+en#r#nn4# 1 *en3el#(k#n 0#n *er#*#lk#n "e3#l#
PE%DEKATA% DALA& GEOGRAFI: A ANALISIS KERUANGAN: -
Ko'#ri#(i (%#(i#l : . #(%ek fi(ik 0en"#n #(%ek fi(ik= . #(%ek fi(ik 0en"#n #(%ek (o(ek= . #(%ek (o(ek 0en"#n #(%ek (o(ek
B
ANALISIS EKOLOGISKELINGKUNGAN: - hu+un"#n *#nu(i#Hlin"kun"#n= - hu+un"#n #(%ek fi(ikH#(%ek fi(ik= - hu+un"#n #(%ek fi(ikH#(%ek (o(ek
6 ANALISIS KE7ILA5A/AN: -
G#+un"#n #nt#r# #n#li(i( keru#n"#n 0en"#n #n#li(i( (%#(i#l
Un(ur 0#l#* %ener#%#n %en0ek#t#n 0#n #n#li(# keru#n"#n ! Un(ur 3#r#k: -
2#r#k #+(olut: & k* 0#n ! k* *e*%un4#i %er+e0##n 2#r#k rel#tif: ke(en3#n"#n (o(i#ltin"k#t ker#>#n#n
$ Un(ur %ol#: -
Struktur "eolo"i %ol# %er*uki*#n, %ol# *#t# #ir
& Un(ur t#%#k(itu( ?(ite1 0#n (itu#(i: -
er#t k#it#nn4# 0en"#n (if#t 0#n fun"(i >il#4#h
) Un(ur #k(e(i+ilit#(: -
er#t hu+un"#nn4# 0en"#n to%o"r#fi 0#n teknolo"i
Un(ur keterk#it#n ?;onne;ti'ene((1: -
+e(#r ke;iln4# keterk#it#n *enentuk#n hu+un"#n fun"(ion#l #nt#r# +e+er#%# te*%#t
T/REE 7ORDS 7/I6/ GEOGRAP/ERS USE A LOT ARE: SPA6E, LO6ATION AND PLA6E ! SPA6E: -
*e#n( e@tent or #re#, u(u#ll4 e@%re((e0 in ter*( of the e#rth9( (urf#;e
$ LO6ATION: -
*e#n( # %#rti;ul#r %o(ition >ithin (%#;e, u(u#ll4 %o(ition on e#rth9( (urf#;e
& PLA6E: -
*e#n( # %#rti;ul#r %o(ition on the e#rth9( (urf#;e, it i( not u(e in #+(tr#;t (en(e +ut ;onfine0 to #n i0entifi#+le lo;#tion on >hi;h >e lo#0 ;ert#in '#lue(
KEA#LIAN $ALA2 GEOGRAFI APABILA PERTAN5AAN KUN6I TERSEBUT DAPAT DI2A7AB MAKA TERAPANKEA/LIAN GEOGRAFI:
!1 In'ent#ri(#(i 0#t# (%#(i#l>il#4#h: feno*en# #l#*, (o(i#l, ekono*i, +u0#4#, (u*+er0#4# #l#* 0#n (u*+er0#4# *#nu(i#= $1 E'#lu#(i (u*+er0#4# #l#*, (u*+er0#4# *#nu(i# 0#n lin"kun"#n 0#l#* #rti lu#(= &1 In'ent#ri(#(i 0#n e'#lu#(i *#(#l#hH*#(#l#h lin"kun"#n: +en;#n# #l#*, kri(i( (o(ek=
APABILA PERTAN5AAN KUN6I TERSEBUT DAPAT DI2A7AB MAKA TERAPANKEA/LIAN GEOGRAFI: )1 E'#lu#(i inter#k(i, interel#(i 0#n inter0e%en0en(i #nt#r >il#4#h= 1 E'#lu#(i 0#*%#k lin"kun"#n= 1 Me*%r#kir#k#n*er#*#lk#n feno*en# #l#*, (o(ek+u0, (u*+er0#4# #l#* 0#n (u*+er0#4# *#nu(i#= C1 Peren;#n##n 0#n %en"e*+#n"#n >il#4#h= 1 M#n#3e*en lin"kun"#n 0#l#* #rti 4#n" lu#( EVALUATOR SDA DAN SDM AHLI WILAYAH PERENCANA WILAYAH
Geo"r#fi (e+#"#i teori (%#(i#l !1 Geo"r#fi #0#l#h (tu0i hu+un"#n #nt#r# *#(4#r#k#t 0#n #l#*, ru#n" (e+#"#i lu#(#n %er*uk##n 0#n lin"kun"#n #l#* 4#n" 0i*o0ifik#(i oleh "#4# (o(i#l *en3#0i +ent#n"l#h#n ke*#nu(i##n $1 Ru#n" ?(%#;e1 #0#l#h tot#lit#( 0#ri te*%#tHte*%#t 0i*#n# +en0# +er#0# %#0# (u#tu >#ktu tertentu
&1 Ru#n" 0#%#t 0i%erti*+#n"k#n (e+#"#i #+(tr#k(i 0#ri +en0#H+en0# %entin" 4#n" *ene*%#tin4# )1 Ru#n" 0i +u*i %#0# ken4#t##nn4# ti0#k *urni (e+#"#i lin"kun"#n #l#*i, tet#%i (el#lu ter*o0ifik#(i oleh #ktit#( *#nu(i# 1 Ru#n" ter0iri 0#ri o+4ekHo+4ek 4#n" (#lin" +erhu+un"#n 4#n" *e*oton" lin"kun"#n 0#n ti0#k ter#(in" 0#ri hu+un"#n itu (en0iri
1 Ru#n" #+(olut 0i;irik#n oleh lu#(#n 4#n" ho*o"en, eui'#len 0#l#* (e*u# #r#h, 0#n +uk#n %er(e%(i terh#0#% r#(# 0#n +uk#n ti0#k #(li C1 Ru#n" o+4ektif #0#l#h +entuk "eor#fi( 0#ri ru#n"Hru#n" 4#n" ter+entuk oleh kre#tifit#( *#nu(i#
TEORIHTEORI GEOGRAFI ( eoi Ledakan Penduduk 2alt4us 0( eoi Pengau4 Iklim e4adap Peada"an Els5ot4 #untington /( eoi Lokasi La4an 6on 4unen 3( eoi $a7a Senti!ugal dan Sentipetal '4ales O. 'ol"7 )( eoi Kota Konsentis &ugess 8( eoi Kon!lik antaa Suku &angsa Nomadik dengan Sedente %9ean &un4es(
TEORI PENDUKUNG GEOGRAFI FISIK !1 Teori #%un"#n +enu# ?;ontinent#l 0rift theor4 1 $1 Teori kon'ek(i &1 Teori %en3#l#r#n 0#(#r (#*u0r# )1 Teori le*%en" tektonik 1 Teori %en""elo*+#n"#n ?un0#tion theor4 1 1 Teori tent#n" %ro(e( "eolo"ik"eo*orfik:
TEORI PENDUKUNG GEOGRAFI FISIK Teori tent#n" %ro(e( "eolo"ik"eo*orfik: !1 The %re(ent i( the ke4 to the %#(t $1 Pro(e( "eo*orfik 4#n" (ek#r#n" ter3#0i 0#hulu 3u"# ter3#0i *e(ki%un ti0#k (el#lu (#*# inten(it#(n4# &1 Inten(it#( hu3#n +er%en"#ruh n4#t# terh#0#% tin"k#t ero(i )1 Se*#kin tin""i tin"k#t ero(i %#0# DAS (e*#kin tin""i ker#>#n#n +#h#4# +#n3ir 0#n kekerin"#n 1 Pe*#n#(#n "lo+#l ter3#0i k#ren# %en;e*#r#n u0#r# #ki+#t #ktifit#( *#nu(i#
PENUTUP -
O+4ek *#teri#l k#3i#n "eo"r#fi Defni(i "eo"r#fi ;uku% +#n4#k Pe*i(#h#n "eo"r#fi *en3#0i "eo"r#fi fi(ik 0#n "eo"r#fi *#nu(i# A>#l %erke*"eo: %er3#l#n#n Pert#n4##n %e*#n0u: 7!/, &7/77/ Perlu %e*#h#*#n %ron(i%,kon(e% 0#n teori Teori "eo"r#fi ter%en"#ruh oleh teori il*u (o(i#l, ekono*i, fi(ik# 0#n "eolo"i
