MATERIAS TEXTILES Y PIEL
TEMA 4
TEMA 4. FIBRAS TEXTILES DE ORIGEN MINERAL 1. INTRODICCIÓN. 2. FIBRAS MINERALES NATURALES. •
EL AMIANTO.
3. FIBRAS MINERALES TRANSFORMADAS. •
FIBRAS DE VIDRIO.
•
FIBRA DE CARBONO.
•
FIBRA METALICA.
1. INTRODUCCIÓN. INTRODUCCIÓN. La fiba !i"#a$#% "a&'a$#% %(" a)'#$$a% )'# *(+i#"#" ,#$ #i"( !i"#a$. S(" fiba% !i"(i&aia% ,#"&( ,# $a *(,'--i" &#/&i$. S' '%( +a ,ii0i,( -a%i #/-$'%i+a!#"&# a &#i,(% &-"i-(% *aa a-&i+i,a,#% *(f#%i("a$#% *(f#%i("a$#% ,#bi,( a %'% #%*#-ia$#% -aa-&#%&i-a%. -aa-&#%&i-a%. E%&a% -aa-&#%&i-a% ,#%&a-a" • • •
S(" fiba% i0"f'0a%. E$#+a,a #%i%&#"-ia !#-5"i-a. E$#+a,a #%i%&#"-ia a $a !a6(a ,# $(% $( % *(,'-&(% )'!i-(%.
E"&# $(% !i"#a$#% #"-("&a!(% a$0'"(% ,# #%&'-&'a fib(%a 6 (&(% )'# %(" %'%-#*&ib$#%7 ,#%*'% ,# &a&a!i#"&(% a,#-'a,(%7 ,# %# -("+#&i,(% #" fiba 8% ( fi$a!#"&(% -("&i"'(%. Ba%a,( #" #%&( *(,#!(% ,i+i,i $a% fiba% !i"#a$#% #" ,(% 0a",#% 0'*(% • •
Fiba% !i"#a$#% "a&'a$#%. Fiba% !i"#a$#% &a"%f(!a,a%.
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MATERIAS TEXTILES Y PIEL
TEMA 4
2. FIBRAS MINERALES NATURALES: AMIANTO. Descripción:
E$ a!ia"&( #% '"a fiba "a&'a$ !i"#a$7 )'# %# (b&i#"# ,# !i"#a$#% ,# #%&'-&'a -i%&a$i"a fib(%a 6 #% #$ 9"i-( !i"#a$ )'# !##-# #$ -a$ifi-a&i+( ,# &#/&i$. P(-#,# ,# $a ,#%-(!*(%i-i"7 *( a--i" a&!(%fi-a7 ,# $a% (-a% %i$-#a%. Obtención:
E$ a!ia"&(7 &a!bi" -("(-i,( -(!( a%b#%&(7 %# aa"-a ,# $a% -a"&#a%7 ,(",# %# #"-'#"&a #" f(!a ,# ,#$0a,(% fi$("#%. L(% b$()'#% (b&#"i,(% %# !a-:a-a" -(" !5)'i"a% #%*#-ia$#%7 %#*aa",( 6 -$a%ifi-a",( *( !#,i( ,# f'#&#% -(i#"&#% ,# ai#7 $a% fiba% 6 #$ *($+( (b&#"i,(. La% fiba% !5% $a0a% %# #!*$#a" *aa (b&#"# :i$(% -a,a,(%7 6 #" $a !a6(a ,# $(% -a%(% %# !#;-$a -(" (&a% fiba% -(!( a$0(," *aa a'!#"&a $a #%i%&#"-ia7 )'# '"a +#; a-aba,(% $(% &#i,(% %# #$i!i"a" *( -(!b'%&i". La% fiba% !5% -(&a% %# -(!*i!#" ( %# '%a" -(!( !a&#ia$ %'#$&(. Propiedades:
< < < < < < < < < <
S' %'*#fi-i# #% %'a+# 6 #0'$a. S' $("0i&', (%-i$a #"&# 12 6 3== !!. S' %#--i" &a"%+#%a$ &a"%+#%a$ #% -a%i -i-'$a -i-'$a ( *($i0("a$. S' ,i5!#&( +aa #"&# =7>? a 1 !i-a S' -($( #% 0#"#a$!#"&# 0#"#a$!#"&# 0i% !5% ( !#"(% (%-'(. (%-'(. N( #% a&a-a,( *( 5-i,(% "i 5$-a$i%. E% '" b'#" ai%$a"&# &!i-( 6 #$-&i-(. E% f$#/ib$#. Ti#"# *(-a #%i%&#"-ia a $a &a--i". E% !'6 #%i%&#"&# #%i%&#"&# a a$&a% &#!*#a&'a%. &#!*#a&'a%.
Inconvenientes:
Ti#"# *(-a afi"i,a, *( $(% -($(a"&#%. S' i":a$a-i" -("&i"'a 6 %' !a"i*'$a-i" %i" *#-a'-i("#% *'#,# *(,'-i 0a+#% #"f#!#,a,#% *'$!("a#%7 6a )'# $a% *a&-'$a% )'# f(!a" %(" &a" fi"a% )'# *'#,#" *#"#&a #" $(% *'$!("#%
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MATERIAS TEXTILES Y PIEL
TEMA 4
La% *i"-i*a$#% aplicaciones %(" $a% #$a-i("a,a% -(" %' #%i%&#"-ia a$ -a$( 6 a $a $$a!a7 %i#",( < < < < < <
Ci"&a% &a"%*(&a,(a% ,# !a&#ia% -a$i#"&#%. R#$$#"(%. E!*a)'#&a,(a% i",'%&ia$#%. P#",a% i0"f'0a%. C(&i"a% *aa &#a&(% 6 #%-#"ai(%. I"%&a$a-i("#% #$-&i-a%.
A$ %# !a$a -(",'-&(a &a!bi" %# #!*$#a -(!( ai%$a"&# &!i-( #" +i+i#",a% @*(,'-&(% ,# fib(-#!#"&(
Mineral de estr!tra !ristalina "i#r$sa
Fi#ras de a%iant$ &istas al %i!r$s!$'i$
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MATERIAS TEXTILES Y PIEL
TEMA 4
3. FIBRAS MINERALES TRANSFORMADAS. TRANSFORMADAS. FIBRA DE *IDRIO. La fiba ,# +i,i( %# (b&i#"# (b&i#"# a *a&i ,# $a %$i-# %$i-# @SiO 2. Obtención:
La% fiba% ,# +i,i( %# (b&i#"#"7 #" f(!a ,# fi$a!#"&( -("&i"'( ( ,# fiba -(&a,a7 *( #/&'%i" ,# +i,i( f'",i,( a &a+% ,# fi"a% &(b#a%7 #%&ia",( $a% 0(&a% )'# %a$#" *( $(% (ifi-i(%. E$ +i,i( %# (b&i#"# f'",i#",( %$i-# @0#"#a$!#"&# #" f(!a ,# a#"a -(" 5$-a$i%
Fi#ras de &idri$ !$rtadas
E+trsi,n de &idri$ "ndid$ 'ara $#tener el "ila%ent$ de "i#ra de &idri$.
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MATERIAS TEXTILES Y PIEL
TEMA 4
E% '"a fiba #!*$#a,a #" $a fabi-a-i" ,# &#i,(% ,#%&i"a,(% a$ ai%$a!i#"&( &!i-(7 #$-&i-( 6 a-9%&i-(7 #"&# (&a% a*$i-a-i("#%.
FIBRA DE CARBONO. La fiba ,# -ab("( a*a#-# #" $a ,-a,a ,# $(% ?=<=7 -(" #$ a'0# ,# $a i",'%&ia a#(#%*a-ia$ )'# "#-#%i&aba '0#"&#!#"&# !a&#ia$#% $i0#(%. La% fiba% ,# -ab("( -("&i#"#" a$ !#"(% '" = #" !a%a ,# -ab("(7 6 %# (b&i#"# *( *i($i%i% @-ab("i;a-i"7 *(-#%( a &#!*#a&'a% !'6 #$#+a,a% 6 ,# !a"#a -("&($a,a7 ,# fiba% (05"i-a% ,#"(!i"a,a% *#-'%(#% @fiba% a-$i-a% 6 b#a @$a b#a %(" #%i,'(% ,# $a ,#%&i$a-i" ,#$ *#&$#( 6 ,# $a :'$$a. E% '"a fiba i"-(!b'%&ib$#7 *( $( )'# %# #!*$#a7 #"&# (&a% a*$i-a-i("#%7 #" $a fabi-a-i" ,# *#",a% #%i%&#"&#% a$ f'#0(. Ga-ia% a %'% #/-#$#"&#% *(*i#,a,#% !#-5"i-a%7 $a% fiba% ,# -ab("( '&i$i;a,a% -(!( #f'#;( #" $(% !a&#ia$#% -(!*'#%&(%7 $#% -(!'"i-a" a $(% !i%!(% '"a 0a" #%i%&#"-ia a $a (&'a7 6a %#a *( &a--i" ( *( -(!*#"%i"7 a% -(!( '"a 0a" i0i,#; 6 $i0##;a. P#%#"&a #$ i"-("+#"i#"&# i"-("+#"i#"&# ,# '"a baa #%i%&#"-ia #%i%&#"-ia a$ -:()'# 6 a $a aba%i". S# '&i$i;a -(!( #f'#;( #" !a&#ia$#% -(!*'#%&(% *aa a#("5'&i-a7 @*a$a% ,# :#$i-*&#(%7 *i#;a% ,# a+i("#%7 "a+#0a-i" #-#a&i+a 6 ,# -(!*#&i-i"7 a&-'$(% ,#*(&i+(% @a)'#&a% ,# &#"i%7 *a$(% ,# 0($f7 -aa% ,# *#%-a7 #&-.
Fi#ra de !ar#$n$ la %/s "ina0 !$%'arad$ !$n n !a#ell$ (%an$
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MATERIAS TEXTILES Y PIEL
TEMA 4
FIBRAS METLICAS. E%&a fiba #%&5 -("%&i&'i,a *( '" fi$a!#"&( -("&i"'( !'6 ,#$0a,( ,# !#&a$7 @-(b#7 ((7 *$a&a7 a-#(7 #&-.7 #-'bi#&( ,# '"a #%i"a %i"&&i-a )'# a-&9a ,# *(&#--i". P(%##" '"a #$#+a,a #%i%&#"-ia7 %(" *(-( f$#/ib$#% 6 "( &i#"#" #$a%&i-i,a,7 *(%##" '"a 0a" #%i%&#"-ia !#-5"i-a !#-5"i-a 6 '"a 0a" -(",'-&i+i,a, #$-&i-a 6 &!i-a. S# (b&i#"#" *( !#,i( ,# %'-#%i+(% #%&ia#%7 :a-i#",( *a%a f(;(%a!#"&# *( $(% a0'#(% ,# $a% :i$#a%7 $a% +ai$$a% (b&#"i,a% *#+ia!#" #,'-i#",( a% %' ,i5!#&( ,# f(!a *(0#%i+a *aa ,i%!i"'i a% %' i0i,#; a $a f$#/i" (b&#"i#",( '" ,i5!#&( #"&# a 2? !i-a%. E" ,#&#!i"a,a% (-a%i("#% $(% :i$(% !#&5$i-(% %# a*$a%&a" *( !#,i( ,# '" $a!i"a,(7 -(" #$ (b#&i+( ,# -("+#&i$(% #" *#)'#a% -i"&a%7 )'# *(%&#i(!#"&# %# #&(-#5 -(" '" :i$( ,# a$0(,". S# #!*$#a #" $a fabi-a-i" ,# &#i,(% ,# fa"&a%a7 #" b(,a,(%7 b (,a,(%7 #" -a$;a,(7 #" *#",a% ,# *(&#--i"7 #&-.
Fi#ras %et/li!as
