REPÚBLICA BOLIVARIANA DE VENEZUELA MINISTERIO DEL PODER POPULAR PARA LA DEFENSA UNIVERSIDAD NACIONAL EXPERIMENTAL EXPERIMENTAL POLITÉCNICA POLITÉCNICA DE LA FUERZA ARMADA (UNEFA) NUCLEO ANZOÁTEGUI - EXTENSIÓN PUERTO PÍRITU
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Índice. In6"?9n…………………………………………………………………… 3 R'?'# n%&,%# ……………………………………………………………… 1 R'?'# n%&,%# LAN…………………………………………………… 1 R'?'# n%&,%# MAN ………………………………………… ………41 R'?'# n%&,%# AN………………………………………………… 4< T'n"&"g@% LL………………………………………………………………… /; T'n"&"g@% &9'6""6= …………………………………………………………… /3 C"n&9#n……………………………………………………………………… /: R'8''n%# &"g8%# …………………………………………………… /*
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Introducción Un% ?' &%# 6'n"&"g@%# ,# ",'6'?"%# > ?#96?%# 'n '#6% ?$%?% '# &% ?' "?' ",9n% ",96%?"%# ,'?%n6' 6'n"&"g@% n%&,% L% "n' "n'n n ?' ",96 ",96%?" %?"%# %# ,'?%n ,'?%n6' 6' On?%# On?%# ?' R%?" R%?" %69%& %69%&,'n ,'n6' 6' '#6 '#6 #'n #'n?" ?" %,& %,&% %,' ,'n6 n6' ' n+' n+'#6 #6g g%? %?" " L%# L%# R'?' R'?'## In%& In%&, , % %## 8% 8%&&6% 6%n n &% "'%n 'n &9g%'# ?"n?' &% ",96%?"% n" 9'?' ',%n'' 'n 9n #"&" &9g% "," 'n %&,%'n'# " 'n "8n%# H9' #' 'n9'n6'n 'n +%"# #"# N" #' '#'% H9' &%# '?'# n%&,%# &&'g9'n % ',&%7% % &%# '?'# %&'%?%# E#6%# "8''n +'&"?%?'# ?' 6%n#,#n ,%>"'# H9' &%# &"g%?%# &"g%?%# "n &% 6'n"&"g@% 6'n"&"g@% n%&,% n%&,% M'n6%# H9' &%# '?'# n%&,% n%&,%## %69%& %69%&'# '# "8'' "8''n n +'&" +'&"?%? ?%?'# '# ?' 01 M# M# &%# '?'# '?'# %&'% %&'%?%# ?%# "8'' "8''n n +'&"?%?'# ?' 4;; M# > #' '#'% H9' %&%n'n +'&"?%?'# ?' =%#6% <0; # L"# ##6',%# ?' C%&' ?' F% Ó6% &"g%n +'&"?%?'# %n ,%>"'# > 'n#%n?" 8969#6%,'n6' #' '#'% H9' &%# '?'# n%&,%# %&%n'n +'&"?%?'# ?' #"&" 3;; M# D' L%g% D#6%n%- E#6%# #"n 96&7%?%# %% 6%n#,6 &% n8",%n 'n '#%"# H9' 9'?'n +%% ?'#?' 9n% ,#,% 9?%? " =%#6% +%"# %@#'# 9n+'n"# (,'J" "n"?" "," R'?'# ?' Á'% M'6""&6%n% MAN > &%# '?'# D' Á'% A,&% AM) D' C"6% D#6%n%- E#6%# #"n 96&7%?%# n%&,'n6' 'n '?'# ""%6+%# 9>%# "8n%# #' 'n9'n6%n 'n 9n" " +%"# '?8"# H9' n" #' 'n9'n6%n ,9> '6%?"# 'n6' #@ (" 'J',&" K8 > &9'6""=)
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Redes inalámbricas. C"n#?'%',"# 9n% '? n%&,% % %H9'& ##6',% H9' '# %%7 ?' "n'6% ",96%?"'# % &% '? ?' ?%6"# #n n''#?%? ?' 96&7% %&'# ?' ",9n%n %% '&&" D'#?' '#6' 9n6" ?' +#6% "?',"# ?' H9' '#6% 6'n"&"g@% '#6 #98'n6','n6' ,%?9% "," %% "8''n"# '#6%"n'# ",%%&'# % &%# H9' '#6%,"# %"#69,%?"# % 96&7% 9%n?" 6%%J%,"# "n 'H9"# n8",6"# "n'6%?"# 'n '? .
Redes inalámbricas WLAN. Un% LAN ('n ng&$# '&'## L"%& A'% N'6K") '# 9n ##6',% ?' ",9n%"n'# ?' ?%6"# H9' 6%n#,6' > '' ?%6"# n%&," 8&'&' 96&7%n?" "n?%# '&'6",%gn$6%# 'n &9g% ?'& % 6'n7%?" "%%& " 8% 6% 96&7%?" 'n &%# LAN "n+'n"n%&'# > H9' """n% "n'6+?%? n%&,% ?' g9%& % g9%& ('' 6" '') ?'n6" ?' 9n '?8" ?' 9n% 'H9'% '% '#?'n%&9%n% " ?' 9n %,9# 9n+'#6%"
Caractersticas •
M"+&?%?. ',6' 6%n#,6 n8",%n 'n 6'," '%& 'n 9%&H9' &9g% ?' &% "g%n7%n " ','#% % 9%&H9' 9#9%"
•
F%&?%? ?' n#6%&%n. %& n" 9#% %&'# #' '+6%n "%# %% 6% %&' " ,9"# > 6'="# ,'J"%n?" %#@ '& %#'6" > &% =%6%&?%? ?' &"# &"%&'# > '?9'n?" '& 6'," ?' n#6%&%n
•
F&'&?%?. 9'?' &&'g% ?"n?' '& %&' n" 9'?' #9'%n?" ,%>" n,'" ?' "#69&"# &&'g%n?" % %6%+'#% %'?'# ?'#?' 9n 9n6" ?' %6?% " n"
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Redes locales inalámbricas !"#.$$ L%# '?'# LAN #' ","n'n 89n?%,'n6%&,'n6' ?' ?"# 6"# ?' '&','n6"# &"# 9n6"# ?' %'#" > &"# ?#"#6+"# ?' &'n6' L"# 9n6"# ?' %'#" %6%n "," 9n "n'n6%?" " =9 H9' ''n > 'n+@%n n8",%n +@% %?" % &"# ?#"#6+"# ?' &'n6'# H9' 9'?'n #' ?' 9%&H9' 6" =%69%&,'n6' 9n PC " PDA "n 9n% 6%J'6% ?' '? n%&,% "n " #n %n6'n% H9' #' n#6%&% 'n 9n" ?' &"# #&"6# &'# " 'n #' 'n&%7%n % &"# 9'6"# USB ?' &"# 'H9"#
%enta&as ' des(enta&as de las redes inalámbricas WLAN !"#.$$
N" n''#6%n &'n% %% #9 n#6%&%n
S"n ,# #'n&&%# ?' n#6%&% H9' &%# '?'# ?' %&' ',6'n?" &% 8& '9%n ?' &"# 6',n%&'# 'n %#" n''#%".
S9 9#" ,# '&'+%n6' ?' &%# LAN %?% 'n '& 9#" ?' 6%J'6%# ?' '? n%&,%# ',6'n?" %& 9#9%" "n'6%#' % &% LAN ','#%%& #n n''#?%? ?' 9n% n6'8%7 8@#%
E&,n% &% n''#?%? ?' ",%6 9n '#%" 8@#" ",n
S"&9"n% &%# n''#?%?'# ?' &"# 9#9%"# H9' 'H9''n 6'n' ?#"n&' &% n8",%n 'n 6"?"# &"# &9g%'# " ?"n?' 9'?%n '#6% 6%%J%n?"
C"," ?'#+'n6%J% " ,# 'n n"n+'n'n6' H9' '# '& ='=" ?' &% %J% +'&"?%? H9' %&%n7%n " &" H9' #9 $6" ",'%& '# ,# 'n '#%#" > " %="% n" 9'?'n ",'6 "n &%# LAN %#%?%# 'n %&'
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)istoria de la WLAN ' su normali*ación I+++ L% =#6"% ?' &%# LAN '# %#6%n6' ''n6' ?' "" ,# ?' 9n% ?$%?% En 42*2 'n '& #'n" ?' IEEE *;/ #' 8",% '& ",6$ IEEE *;/44 H9' ','7% % 6%%J% %% 6%6% ?' g'n'% 9n% n",% %% &%# LAN '" n" '# =%#6% '& %" 4222 ?"n?' #' ?% " 8n%&7%?% &% n",% A69%&,'n6' #"n 9%6" &"# '#6n?%'# '"n"?"# ?'n6" ?' '#6% 8%,&% 'n "n'6" &% '#'8%n *;/44 "gn%& *;/44% ('+"&9n % *;/44 '=) H9' ?'8n' 9n% "n'n ?' %&6% +'&"?%? %#%?% 'n ATM *;/44 '& H9' g"7% ?' 9n% ,# %,&% %'6%n > H9' %9,'n6% &% 6%#% ?' 6%n#,#n ?' ?%6"# "% ?' *;/44 "gn%& > *;/44g ",%6&' "n $& '" H9' """n% %n ,%>"'# +'&"?%?'# •
WLAN !"#.$$
En J9n" ?'& %" 422: '& IEEE %68 '& '#6n?% %% LAN IEEE *;/44 H9' %&%n7%% 9n% +'&"?%? ?' / M6# "n 9n% ,"?9&%n ?' #'%& ?' '#'6" '%n??" " #'9'n% ?'6% (DSSS) E& *;/44 '# 9n% '? &"%& n%&,% H9' 9#% &% 6%n#,#n " %?" 'n &% %n?% ?' /1 GQ7 " n8%"J% "n 'g@,'n'# n%"# ?' 4 % / M6# E& ,$6"?" ?' %'#" %& ,'?" MAC (M'?9, A'## M'=%n#,) '# ,'?%n6' '#9=% '" #n ?'6'n ?' "&#n CSMACA (C%' S'n#' M9&6&' A'## K6= C"&&#"n A+"?%n') Q%> H9' ,'n"n% H9' &% %n?% ?' /1 GQ7 '#6 'g&%,'n6%?% "," %n?% ?' %'#" 9&% > 'n '&&% 89n"n%n g%n %n6?%? ?' ##6',%# 'n6' &"# H9' #' n&9>'n &"# 6'&$8"n"# n%&,"# B&9'6""6= 6
•
WLAN !"#.$$b ,Wi-i/
Un "" ,# 6%?' 'n '& %" 4222 #' %" '& '#6n?% *;/44 9n% '6'n#n ?'& *;/44 %% LAN ','#%%&'# "n 9n% +'&"?%? ?' 44 M6# ("6%# +'&"?%?'# n",%&7%?%# % n+'& 8@#" #"n. 00 - / > 4 M6#) > 9n %&%n' ?' 4;; ,'6"# H9' %& g9%& H9' B&9'6""6= > Q",' RF 6%,$n ',&'% &% %n?% ?' ISM ?' /1 GQ7 '" 'n &9g% ?' 9n% #,&' ,"?9&%n ?' %?" ?g6%& > #%&6" ?' 8'9'n% (FQF'H9'n> Q"ng) 96&7% 9n% &% ,"?9&%n &n'% ",&'J% (DSSS) P',6' ,%>" +'&"?%? '" '#'n6% 9n% ,'n" #'g9?%? > '& %&%n' 9'?' &&'g% % &"# 4;; ,'6"# #98'n6'# %% 9n 'n6"n" ?' "8n% " '#?'n%& •
WLAN !"#.$$0
E& IEEE 6%,$n =% %"%?" 'n '& %" /;;3 'n '& '#6n?% *;/44g ",%6&' "n '& *;/44 %%7 ?' %&%n7% 9n% +'&"?%? ?"&' '# ?' =%#6% // M6# " &&'g% n&9#" % 01 M6# %% ",'6 "n &"# "6"# '#6n?%'# H9' ",'6'n +'&"?%?'# ,9=" ,# '&'+%?%# '" H9' #"n n",%6&'# "n &"# 'H9"# *;/44 >% n#6%&%?"# %9nH9' 9'?'n "'#6 'n '& ,#," 'n6"n" ?'?" % H9' &%# %n?%# ?' 8'9'n%# H9' ',&'%n #"n ?#6n6%# P" '6'n#n 6%,$n #' &' &&%,% -F •
WLAN !"#.$$a ,Wi-i 1/
E& IEEE %68 'n J9&" ?' 4222 '& '#6n?% 'n *;/44% (&"# "?96"# ",'%&'# ",'n7%n % %%'' % ,'?%?"# ?'& /;;/) H9' "n 9n% ,"?9&%n AM-<1 > &% "?8%n OFDM (O6="g"n%& F'H9'n> D+#"n M9&6&'ng) %&%n7% 9n% +'&"?%? ?' =%#6% 01 M6# 'n &% %n?% ?' 0
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GQ7 ,'n"# "ng'#6"n%?% > " %="% "n ,'n"# n6'8''n%# '" "n 9n %&%n' &,6%?" % 0; ,'6"# &" H9' ,&% 6'n' H9' ,"n6% ,# 9n6"# ?' %'#" (A'## P"n6#) H9' # #' 96&7%#' *;/44 %% 9 '& ,#," '% "n '& "#6' %?"n%& H9' '&&" #9"n'
8 (" IEEE *;/44) "n '& '#%&?" ?' ECA ('&'## E6='n'6 C",%6&6> A&&%n') "8'' 9n% +'&"?%? ,,% ?' 01 M# 'n 9n% ?#6%n% ?' +%"# 'n6"# ?' ,'6"#
='LAN/ (Qg= P'8",%n' R%?" LAN /;) '#6n?% '9"'" ?'#%"&&%?" " ETSI (E9"'%n T'&'",,9n%6"n# S6%n?%?# In#6696') Q'LAN / ',6' % &"# 9#9%"# %&%n7% 9n% +'&"?%? ,,% ?' 01 M# 'n 9n '% %",%?% ?' 'n ,'6"# > 6%n#,6' ?'n6" ?'& %ng" ?' 8'9'n%# ?' 040; > 03;; MQ7
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Princi2ios de las redes WLAN Cómo traba&an
Punto de Acceso Wii S' 96&7%n "n?%# ?' %?" %% &&'+% &% n8",%n ?' 9n 9n6" % "6" #n n''#?%? ?' 9n ,'?" 8@#" g9%?" A& =%&% ?' "n?%# ?' %?" n"# '8',"# n",%&,'n6' % "6%?"%# ?' %?" #"' &%# H9' +% &% n8",%n >% H9' '%&7%n &% 89nn ?' &&'+% &% 'n'g@% % 9n ''6" ',"6" % '#6' "'#" #' &' &&%,% ,"?9&%n ?' &% "6%?"% " &% n8",%n H9' '#6 #'n?" 6%n#,6?% S &%# "n?%# #"n 6%n#,6?%# % ?#6n6%# 8'9'n%# ?' %?" +%%# "6%?"%# 9'?'n '#6 'n g9%& 6'," > '#%" #n n6'8' 'n6' '&&%# E& 9n6" ?' %'#" '' &% n8",%n &% %&,%'n% > &% 6%n#,6' 'n6' &% LAN > &% LAN %&'%?% E& 9n6" ?' %'#" (" &% %n6'n% "n'6%?% %& 9n6" ?' %'#") '# n",%&,'n6' "&"%?" 'n %&6" '" "?@% "&"%#' 'n 9%&H9' &9g% 'n H9' #' "6'ng% &% "'69% ?' %?" ?'#'%?% E&
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9#9%" 8n%& %'?' % &% '? LAN % 6%+$# ?' %?%6%?"'# E#6"# """n%n 9n% n6'8%7 'n6' '& ##6',% ?' "'%n ?' '? ?'& &'n6' (NOS. N'6K" O'%6ng S>#6',) > &%# "n?%# ,'?%n6' 9n% %n6'n%
Confi0uraciones de red 2ara radiofrecuencia P9'?'n #' ?' ,9> ?+'#"# 6"# > 6%n #,&'# " ",&'J%# "," #'% n''#%" L% ,# #% #' ?% 'n6' ?"# "?'n%?"'# 'H9%?"# "n 6%J'6%# %?%6%?"%# %% LAN ?' ,"?" H9' 9'?'n "n' 'n 89n"n%,'n6" 9n% '? n?''n?'n6' #',' H9' '#6$n ?'n6" ?'& '% H9' 9' %?% 9n" E#6" '# &&%,%?" '? ?' g9%& % g9%& ('' 6" '') C%?% &'n6' 6'n?@% n%,'n6' %'#" % &"# '9#"# ?'& "6" &'n6' '" n" % 9n #'+?" 'n6%& E#6' 6" ?' '?'# n" 'H9'' %?,n#6%n " '"n8g9%n In#6%&%n?" 9n P9n6" ?' A'#" #' 9'?' ?"&% &% ?#6%n% % &% 9%& &"# ?#"#6+"# 9'?'n ",9n%#' >% H9' '#6"# %6%n "," ''6?"'# D'#?' H9' '& 9n6" ?' %'#" #' "n'6% % &% '? %&'%?% 9%&H9' &'n6' 6'n' %'#" % &"# '9#"# ?'& #'+?" > %?',# g'#6"n%n '& 68" ?' &% '? 'n6' &"# 6',n%&'# ,# ,"# L"# 9n6"# ?' %'#" 6'n'n 9n %&%n' 8n6" ?'& "?'n ?' 40; , 'n &9g%'# 9 7"n%# %'6%# En 7"n%# g%n?'# "," " 'J',&" 9n %,9# 9n+'#6%" " 9n '?8" '# "%&','n6' n''#%" ,# ?' 9n 9n6" ?' %'#" L% ,'6% '# 9 '& '% "n $&9&%# H9' #"&%'n #9# '%# ?' ,"?" H9' &"# &'n6'# 9'?%n ,"+'#' #n "6'# 'n6' 9n g9" ?' 9n6"# ?' %'#" E#6" '# &&%,%?" "%,ng 9%69&%'# ?' 6""&"g@%# '& ?#'%?" ?' &% '? 9'?' '&'g 9#% 9n P9n6" ?' E6'n#n (EP#) %% %9,'n6% '& n,'" ?' 9n6"# ?' %'#" % &% '? ?' ,"?" H9' 89n"n%n
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"," 6%&'# '" n" '#6n 'ng%n=%?"# % &% '? %&'%?% "," &"# 9n6"# ?' %'#" L"# 9n6"# ?' '6'n#n 89n"n%n "," #9 n",' n?%. '6'n?'n '& %&%n' ?' &% '? '6%n#,6'n?" &%# #'%&'# ?' 9n &'n6' % 9n 9n6" ?' %'#" " % "6" 9n6" ?' '6'n#n L"# 9n6"# ?' '6'n#n 9'?'n 'n%?'n%#' %% %#% ,'n#%J'# 'n6' 9n 9n6" ?' %'#" > &'n6'# &'J%n"# ?' ,"?" H9' #' "n#69>' 9n 9'n6' 'n6' %,"#
Asi0nación de Canales L"# '#6n?%'# *;/44 > *;/44g 96&7%n &% %n?% ?' /1
/0 G=7
–
En '#6% %n?% #' ?'8n'"n 44 %n%&'# 96&7%&'# " 'H9"# IFI &"# H9' 9'?'n "n8g9%#' ?' %9'?" % n''#?%?'# %69&%'# Sn ',%g" &"# 44 %n%&'# n" #"n ",&'6%,'n6' n?''n?'n6'# (%n%&'# "n6g9"# #' #9'"n'n > #' "?9'n n6'8''n%#) > 'n &% 6% #&" #' 9'?'n 96&7% 3 %n%&'# 'n 8",% #,9&6n'% (4 < > 44)
Com2atibilidad ' se0uridad. Wi-fi ' 3e2 A 8n%&'# ?' &% ?$%?% ?' &"# 2; &"# &@?''# ?' &% n?9#6% n%&,% (3C", A"n'6 L9'n6 N"% '6) '%n &% ECA ('&'## E6='n'6 C",%6&6> A&&%n') 9n% %&%n7% %% &% C",%6&?%? E6='n'6 In%&,% 9>% ,#n '# &% ?' '68% &% n6'89n"n%&?%? > ",%6&?%? ?' &"# "?96"# ?' '?'# n%&,%# *;/44 > ","+' '#6' '#6n?% %% &% ','#% > '& ="g% P%% n?% &% ",%6&?%? 'n6' ?#"#6+"# n%&,"# 6%J'6%# ?' '? " 9n6"# ?' %'#" ?' 9%&H9' 8%%n6'# #' &'# n""% '& &"g" -F ('#6n?% ?' F?'&?%? In%&,%) > %#@ &"# 'H9"# "n '#6% ,%% #""6%?% " ,# ?' 40; ','#%# #' 9'?'n n""% 'n &%# '?'# #n nngn "&',% #'n?" n&9#" "#&' &% n""%n ?' 6',n%&'# 6'&'8n"# -F % '#6%# '?'# %% '#6%&'' &&%,%?%# ?' +"7 11
L%# '?'# n%&,%# #"n n#'g9%# " 6%n6" 9n '&','n6" '#'n%& % 6'n' 'n 9'n6% 'n '#6' 6" ?' '?'# %& 96&7%#' &% %?" '# &% 'n6%n En g'n'%& #' 96&7% EP ('? EH9+%&'n6 P+%>) H9' '# 9n ,'%n#," ?' 'n6%n > %96'n6%n '#'8%?" 'n '& '#6n?% IEEE *;/44 %% g%%n67% &% #'g9?%? ?' &%# ",9n%"n'# 'n6' &"# 9#9%"# > &"# 9n6"# ?' %'#" L% &%+' ?' %'#" '#6n?% '# ?' 1; 6# '" '#6' "6% ""n%& ?' 4/* 6# > #' %#gn% ?' 8",% '#66% " ,%n9%& (n" ?n,%) 6%n6" %% &"# &'n6'# H9' ",%6'n 6"?"# '& ,#," "nJ9n6" ?' 9%6" &%+'# '?'6',n%?%# "," %% &"# 9n6"# ?' %'#" % &% '? &" H9' g'n'% %&g9n%# ?9?%# #"' #9 '8%% EP 96&7% 9n '#H9',% ?' 8%?" #,$6" 'n '& H9' &% ,#,% &%+' > %&g"6," #' 96&7%n 6%n6" %% '& 8%?" ?' &"# ?%6"# "," %% #9 ?'#8%?" "n '& '6%#" ?'& n9'+" '#6n?% *;/44 > "n '& 8n ?' '#"&+' '& 6',% ?' &% #'g9?%? #' =% &%n7%?" &% '68%n PA O6" ,'%n#," ?' #'g9?%? ?'8n?" 'n '& '#6n?% IEE *;/44 '# '& "n"?" "," SSID (S'+' S'6 I?'n68'#) " ?'n68%?"'# ?'& "nJ9n6" ?' #'+"# H9' '# "," 9n g'#6" ?' %#gn%n ?' n",'# H9' """n% 9n "n6"& ?' %'#" ,9> 9?,'n6%" %7n " &% H9' %'n%# #' 96&7% 'n &%# ,&','n6%"n'# ",'%&'#
Al im2lementar un una red WLAN debemos considerar (arios as2ectos: •
%elocidad O6" ?' &"# "&',%# H9' '#'n6% '#6' 6" ?' '?'# '# H9'
%69%&,'n6' (% n+'& ?' '? &"%&) n" %&%n7%n &% +'&"?%? H9' "6'n'n &%# '?'# ?' ?%6"# %&'%?%# A?',# 'n '&%n "n '& %%6%?" ?' #'g9?%? '& 6'n' H9' 8% 6"?% &% n8",%n #9"n' H9' g%n %6' ?'
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7rea de cobertura: M'n6%# &% 8'9'n% %9,'n6% g'n'%&,'n6' '& %ng" ?' "'69% ?' &% #'%& ?'','n6% ?' ,"?" H9' &% 8'9'n% ?' "'%n ?' 0 GQ7 g'n'%&,'n6' 6'n' ,'n" %ng" ?' "'69% H9' &% ?' /1 GQ7 D' %9'?" "n '#6" # #' 96&7% '& '#6n?% *;/44% #' 'H9'' 9n n,'" ,%>" ?' AP# %% '6'n?' &% "'69% > '#6" ,&% 9n ,%>" '#99'#6" P" "6" &%?" '& '#6n?% *;/44 6'n' 9n% ,%>" "'69% %9nH9' "n 9n ,'n" %n=" ?' %n?% T%,$n =%> H9' 6'n' 'n 9'n6% # '& 9n6" ?' %'#" #' +% % n#6%&% 'n '6'"'# " n6'"'# D''n?'n?" ?' '&&" #' '& %ng" ?' "'69% En 9@9&"# '%?"# &% "'69% '# ?' /; ,'6"# 'n 9@9&"# %'6"# ?' 3; ,'6"# En %#&&"# > "'?"'# ?' =%#6% 10 ,'6"# En '6'"'# ?' =%#6% 40; ,'6"#
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8aterial con el 9ue están construidos los edificios: L% "%g%n ?' &%# "n?%# '&'6",%gn$6%# (#'%&'#) #' ","6%n ?' ,%n'% ?8''n6' 'n '&%n %& ,%6'%& "n '& H9' '#6$n "n#69?"# &"# '?8"# ?"n?' #' n#6%&% &% LAN Q%&%,"# 'n6"n'# ?' ?+'#"# ,%6'%&'# 6%&'# ",". ,%?'% &%?&&" 6%&% "% C'6"# ,%6'%&'# '8&'J%n &%# #'%&'# #n "&',% "," &% ,%?'% > &% 6%&% "% &" 9%& 9'?' '6'n?' &% "'69% ?' &% LAN O6"# ,%6'%&'# (&"# ?9"#) 14
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Redes inalámbricas W8AN. L%# '?'# n%&,%# ?' '% ,'6""&6%n% (MAN) 6%,$n #' "n"'n "," 9&' &"%& n%&," (LL '&'## L"%& L"") L%# MAN #' %#%n 'n '& '#6n?% IEEE *;/4< L"# 9&'# &"%&'# n%&,"# "8''n 9n% +'&"?%? 6"6%& '8'6+% ?' 4 % 4; M# "n 9n %&%n' ?' 1 % 4; &,'6"# %&g" ,9> 6& %% ",%@%# ?' 6'&'",9n%"n'# L% ,'J" '? n%&,% ?' '% ,'6""&6%n% '# MAX H9' 9'?' %&%n7% 9n% +'&"?%? %",%?% ?' :; M# 'n 9n %?" ?' +%"# &,'6"# A?',# '# 9n '#6n?% ?' 6%n#,#n n%&,% ?' ?%6"# H9' g%%# % #9 %n=" ?' %n?% ',6' '& ?'#&'g9' ?' #'+"# 8J"# ?' +"7 %'#" % n6'n'6 ",9n%"n'# ?' ?%6"# 'n '?'# +%?%# > +?'" %J" ?',%n?% E#6" =%' H9' IMAX "8'7% "n'"n'# ?' +'&"?%?'# #,&%'# %& ADSL " %& %&' ?'& ,"?', #n %&'# &" H9' &" "n+'6' 'n '& n%& %n??%6" %% &%# %#'# ?' &%# '?'# M'6""&6%n% ?' %'#" % n6'n'6 %?',# ?' #'+ ?' %">" %% 8%&6% &%# "n'"n'# 'n 7"n%# 9%&'# > 9#%#' 'n '& ,9n?" ','#%%& %% ,&','n6% &%# ",9n%"n'# n6'n%#
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Redes inalámbricas WWAN. '&'## AN " R'? In%&,% ?' A'% A,&% '# 9n% '? H9' '# %%7 ?' n?% "'69% n%&,% 'n 9n '% g'"g8% '&%6+%,'n6' g%n?' B#%,'n6' 9n% AN ?8'' ?' 9n% '&'## L"%& A'% N'6K" " LAN 'n H9' &% ,'% ?' '&&%# 96&7% 6'n"&"g@%# ?' '? '&9&% ?' ",9n%"n'# ,+&'# "," MAX UMTS GPRS EDGE CDMA/;;; GSM CDPD M"6' QSPA > 3G %% '%&7% &% 6%n#8''n% ?' &"# ?%6"# 'n6' &"# n"?"# H9' ","n'n &% '? T%,$n 9'?' #' H9' n"# 'n"n6',"# "n &% "#&?%? ?' 96&7% LMDS > -F %96n",% %% %'?' % n6'n'6 17
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Podemos distin0uir ti2os de redes WWAN •
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En E9"% '& '#6n?% GSM 9#% &%# %n?%# ?' 8'9'n% ?' 2;;MQ7 > 4*;; MQ7 Sn ',%g" 'n &"# E#6%?"# Un?"# #' 9#% &% %n?% ?' 8'9'n% ?' 42;; MQ7 P" '#% %7n &"# 6'&$8"n"# "66&'# H9' 89n"n%n 6%n6" 'n E9"% "," 'n &"# E#6%?"# Un?"# #' &&%,%n 6%n?% > %H9'&&"# H9' 89n"n%n #&" 'n E9"% #' ?'n",n%n %n?% E& '#6n?% GSM ',6' 9n 'n?,'n6" ,," ?' 2< # H9' ',6' 6%n#,#"n'# ?' +"7 > ?' ?%6"# ?g6%&'# ?' +"&9,'n %J" " 'J',&" ,'n#%J'# ?' 6'6" (SMS S'+" ?' ,'n#%J'# "6"#) " ,'n#%J'# ,9&6,'?% (MMS S'+" ?' ,'n#%J'# ,9&6,'?%) •
E#6n?% ;PR< E& '#6n?% GPRS (G'n'%& P%'6 R%?" S'+') '# 9n% '+"&9n ?'& '#6n?% GSM > '# " '#" H9' 'n %&g9n"# %#"# #' ?'n",n% GSM (" GMS /) D%?" H9' '# 9n '#6n?% ?' 6'&'8"n@% ?' #'g9n?% g'n'%n H9' ',6' 9n% 6%n#n =%% &% 6''% g'n'%n (3G) '& '#6n?% GPRS " &" g'n'%& #' &%#8% "," /0G GPRS '6'n?' &% %H96'69% ?'& '#6n?% GSM %% ',6 &% 6%n#8''n% ?' ?%6"# ?'& %H9'6' "n 9n% 6%#% ?' ?%6"# 6'"# ?' %&'?'?" ?' 4:4/ 6## (=%#6% 441 6## 'n &% 6%) G%%# % #9 ,"?" ?' 6%n#8''n% 'n %H9'6'# &%# 6%n#,#"n'# ?' ?%6"# #&" 9#%n &% '? 9%n?" '# n''#%" P" &" 6%n6" '& '#6n?% GPRS ',6' H9' '& 9#9%" '% 8%69%# " +"&9,'n ?' ?%6"# 'n &9g% ?' &% ?9%n ?' &% "n'n &" H9' #gn8% '#'%&,'n6' H9' '& 9#9%" 9'?' ',%n'' "n'6%?" #n "#6" %?"n%&
19
P%% '& 6%n#"6' ?' +"7 '& '#6n?% GPRS ',&'% &% %H96'69% ?' '? GSM > "+'' %'#" % &% '? ?' ?%6"# ('#'%&,'n6' In6'n'6) " ,'?" ?'& "6""&" IP " ?'& "6""&" X/0 GSM > H9' #' 9'?'n &%#8% 'n &"# #g9'n6'# 6"# ?' #'+"#.
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%enta&as sobre las demás tecnolo0as inalámbricas.
20
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%'n%# 9n% 6$n% ?' %'#" S9 '&'n 'n ?'6,'n6" ?' "6%# 6'n"&"g@%# ?'' &&'+% 'n "n#?'%n "J'6+"# '#'@8"# ?' ,'%?" > %%6'@#6%# ?' %&%n H9' +%@%n 'n %?% '% ?' %69%n ?' 9n% "'%?"% D'?" % &% #','J%n7% ?' %H96'69% &"# 8%%n6'# ?' ##6',%# ?' 6'&'8"n@% ,+& '&9&% "8''n +%%n6'# ?' #9# "?96"# %% LL A ,"?" ?' 'J',&" 'n '& ,'%?" %#&'" '#6' '& S'+" P&" A+%n7%?" ?' T'&'",9n%"n'# R9%&'# "n"?" "," R9%&'& %"%?" " T'&'# 'n 4223 96&7%n?" &% n8%'#6969% ?' &%# ",9n%"n'# ,+&'# B#%,'n6' '& R9%&'& % #','J%n7% ?' &" H9' "9' ="> "n &% ,%>"@% ?' &"# "?96"# %% LL 96&7% &"# %6"n'# ?'#%"&&%?"# %% &%# ",9n%"n'# ,+&'# 'n #'+ % 9n %"n%?" 8J" g'n'%&,'n6' ?#6%n6' ?' 9n 'n6" ?' %&%,'# ' ,"%&' %n??%6" % 9n 6'&$8"n" ?' %'#" "n+'n"n%& D' ='=" $#6% '# 9n% #"&9n %#6%n6' %?'9%?% 9%n?" "n#?'%,"# H9' 'n 9n% '% 9%& &% ,&%n6%n ?' '? ?' %&%,'# %% %6'n?' % 9n% %J% ?'n#?%? ?' ?",&"# '# ?'#?' '& 9n6" ?' +#6% '"n," n+%&' E& %>" ?' %n ?' 9n% '&9&% "'%n?" 'n *;; MQ7 9'?' &&'g% % 0; &,'6"# %&%n7%n?" % %"n%?"# "n#?'%&','n6' ?#6%n6'# ?'& 'n6" ?' 9n "&%?" 9%& Sn ',%g" " 9#% 9n %?n ?'#%"&&%?" %% +&'g% '& #'+" ?' ",9n%n ?' +"7 "n ,"+&?%? '& 6',n%& 6'&'8n" ?'& %"n%?" %'#%?" " '#6' ,'?" '#'n6% &,6%"n'# ?' %&?%? > ?' #'+"# 9%n?" '# ",%%?" %& 6',n%& "n'6%?" " %&%,' ?' "' D'#?' '& 9n6" ?' +#6% ?'&
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23
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Referencias biblio0ráficas. http://histinf.blogs.upv.es/2010/12/02/historia-de-las-redesinalabri!as/ http://"""."i#!lub.org/featured/"i#-historia-evolu!ion-apli!a!ionesdesarrollos/ http://luisar$ona.blogspot.!o/2011/02/historia-de-la-red-lan.htl http://es.slideshare.net/%av&!'o(%/redes-inalabri!as-"lan http://"""."i#!lub.org/featured/"i#-historia-evolu!ion-apli!a!ionesdesarrollos/ http://""".eveliu).!o/)/*lanea!ion-+-diseno-de-redes,.htl http://es.slideshare.net/(auino/redes-de-area-etropolitana ida13d8a!5-35ad-4171-8b4!11!be6d068a9vbfrosear!h5 https://es.."iipedia.org/"ii/edinal31bri!a http://""".gestiopolis.!o/te!nologias-inalabri!as/
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