TB1 Chapter 5- Multiple Choice

A) B) C) D)

1.Developmental psychologists study physical, cognitive, and ________ changes throughout the human life span. cross-sectional embryonic genetic social

A) B) C) D)

.Dr. Bir!in"s ma#or research interest is the development of motor s!ills in children. $t is most li!ely that Dr. Bir!in is a ________ ____ ____ psychologist. cognitive developmental biological psychodynamic

A) B) C) D)

%.&ne of the three ma#or concerns of developmental psychology involves a focus on puberty and menarche. continuity and stages. imprinting and ob#ect permanence. conservation and egocentrism.

A) B) C) D)

'.Distinguishing bet(een very gradual and very abrupt developmental changes over the life span is most central to the ma#or issue of  ob#ect permanence an and stranger aniety. generativity and stagnation. continuity and stages. nature and nurture.

A) B) C) D)

*.+ary believes that cognitive development is a matter of gradual and almost imperceptible changes over time. er vie(point is most directly relevant to the issue of  nature and nurture. primary and secondary se characteristics. continuity and stages. conventional and postconventional morality.

A) B) C) D)

.sychologists (ho vie( the developmental process as a se/uence of distinct stages generally believe that ________ is0are) the same for everyone. both the order and the timing of the stages the order but not the timing of the stages the timing but not the order of the stages neither the order nor the timing of the stages

.2heories of human development have been most susceptible to criticism for age 1

A) B) C) D)

overemphasi3ing discrete age-lin!ed stages. the interaction of nature and nurture. maturation during adolescent development. cognitive changes during adulthood development.

A) B) C) D)

4.A belief that adult personality is completely determined in early childhood (ould be most relevant to the issue of  stability and change. ob#ective permanence and stranger aniety. conventional an and po postconventional mo morality. concrete and formal operations.

A) B) C) D)

5.A child"s temperament is li!ely to be difficult to observe. stable over time. a product of parenting style. a reflection of his or her schemas.

A) B) C) D)

16.7uestions about (hether anious children (ill gro( up to be either fearful or relaed adults most directly highlight the issue of  continuity and stages. stability and change. identity and role confusion. nature and nurture.

A) B) C) D)

11.2he fact that many happy and (ell-ad#usted adults (ere once rebellious and unhappy as adolescents is most relevant to the issue of  continuity and stages. ob#ect permanence and stranger aniety. stability and change. primary and secondary se characteristics.

A) B) C) D)

1.As compared (ith the production of egg e gg cells, sperm cell production begins later in life. involves a #ellyli!e outer covering. begins earlier in life. involves differentiation prior to fusion (ith the egg.

1%.uman sperm cells ________ than egg cells.

age 

A) B) C) D)

are larger   contain more genes are smaller   contain fe(er genes

A) B) C) D)

1'.During the course of successful prenatal development, a human organism begins as a0n) 3ygote and finally develops into an embryo. embryo and finally develops into a fetus. 3ygote and finally develops into a fetus. fetus and finally develops into an embryo.

A) B) C) D)

1*.8hen a placenta is first developed, it transfers nutrients and oygen from mother to egg cell. fetus. embryo. 3ygote.

A) B) C) D)

1.2he heart begins to beat during the ________ period of prenatal development. embryonic fetal 3ygotic ovular  

A) B) C) D)

1.2he placenta develops from the outer o uter cells of the genome. 3ygote. fetus. embryo.

A) B) C) D)

14.9enetically identical t(ins first begin their separate paths of prenatal development during  ________ development. embryonic fetal 3ygotic ovular  

15.A preference for our mother"s voice over our father"s voice has been detected as early as A) during embryonic development. B) the day after birth. C) one (ee! after birth.

age %

D)

one month after birth.

A) B) C) D)

6.:ust after birth, the cries of ne(borns bear the intonation o f  identity. imprinting. ob#ect permanence. their mother"s native language.

A) B) C) D)

1.;our months after having been eposed to a vibrating, hon!ing device placed on its mother"s abdomen, a fetus demonstrates habituation. stranger aniety. conservation. an insecure attachment.

A) B) C) D)

.A teratogen is a0n) fertili3ed eg egg th that un undergoes ra rapid ce cell di division. unbo nborn child (ith one or more phys hysical cal defect ects or abno bnormalities. chromosomal ab abnormality. subst bstanc ance th that can cro cross th the pl placenta ntal ba barrier an and ha harm an an unb unbo orn ch child.

A) B) C) D)

%.$f research suggested that a pregnant mother"s use of an artificial s(eetener caused harm to the fetus, the artificial s(eetener (ould be considered a0n) telomere. stress hormone. critical period. teratogen.

A) B) C) D)

'.&ne of the most consistently damaging teratogens is blood. oygen. testosterone. alcohol.

A) B) C) D)

*.8hen pregnant rats drin! alcohol, their young offspring later display a0n) immunity to fetal alcohol syndrome. aversion to the taste of alcohol. unusually rapid development of bladder control. li!ing for the taste and odor of alcohol.

age '

A) B) C) D)

.2he symptoms of fetal alcohol syndrome are most li!ely to include egocentrism. brain abnormalities. habituation. autism spectrum disorder.

A) B) C) D)

.Alcohol may cause fetal damage by leaving chemical mar!s on D
A) B) C) D)

4.A refle refers to decreasing responsiveness to repeated stimulation. the formation of attachments during a critical period in early life. an automatic response to sensory stimulation. biological gro(th processes that enable orderly changes in behavior.

A) B) C) D)

5.Babies are born (ith several reflees for getting food. &ne of these is to (ithdra( a limb to escape pain. turn the head a(ay from a cloth placed over the face. open the mouth in search of a nipple (hen touched on the chee!. loo! longer at faceli!e images.

A) B) C) D)

%6.+r. ersch triggered a rooting refle in his infant son by touching him on the foot. !nee. arm. chee!.

A) B) C) D)

%1.abituation refers to the a(areness that things continue to eist even (hen not perceived. decreasing responsiveness to a stimulus to (hich one is repeatedly eposed. ad#ustment of current schemas to ma!e sense of ne( information. biological gro(th processes that are relatively uninfluenced by eperience.

%.8ith repeated presentations of a bright red toy, -month-old Anita began to respond (ith less visual attention to the toy. er decreasing responsiveness best illustrates

age *

A) B) C) D)

egocentrism. infantile amnesia. habituation. ob#ect permanence.

A) B) C) D)

%%.$nfant visual preferences have been discovered by assessing infants" conservation. habituation. accommodation. imprinting.

A) B) C) D)

%'.
A) B) C) D)

%*.8hen placed bet(een a gau3e breast pad from their nursing mother"s bra, (ee!-old nursing babies are li!ely to move their eyes in a visual search for their mother. turn their head to(ard the smell of their mother"s pad. open their mouth in a vigorous search for a nipple. demonstrate signs of stranger aniety.

A) B) C) D)

%.;rench toddlers preferred playing (ith chamomile-scented toys if  they had never before eperienced the scent of chamomile. they had been diagnosed (ith fetal alcohol syndrome. their mothers had once used a s!in balm (ith a chamomile scent. their fathers (ere devoted chamomile tea drin!ers.

A) B) C) D)

%.+aturation refers to the ac/uisition of socially acceptable behaviors. biological gro(th processes that are relatively uninfluenced by eperience. any learned behavior patterns that accompany personal gro(th and development. the physical and seual development of early adolescence.

%4.+aturation is to education as ________ is to ________. A) accommodation= assimilation B) nature= nurture C) imprinting= critical period

age 

D)

environment= learning

A) B) C) D)

%5.;rom ages % to , the brain"s neural net(or!s are sprouting most rapidly in the frontal lobes. hypothalamus. cerebellum. brainstem.

A) B) C) D)

'6.2he association areas are the last cortical areas to fully develop their  schemas. teratogens. neural net(or!s. primary se characteristics.

A) B) C) D)

'1.A failure to practice important motor s!ills can result in a loss of agility because unused neural connections habituate. assimilate. imprint. are pruned.

A) B) C) D)

'.$nfant motor development is typically characteri3ed by individual differences in  ________ of the ma#or developmental milestones. both the se/uence and the age-related timing the se/uence but not the age-related timing the age-related timing but not the se/uence neither the se/uence nor the age-related timing

A) B) C) D)

'%.orace, the youngest child of a high school athletic director, (as able to roll over at % months, cra(l at  months, and (al! at 1 months. 2his ordered se/uence of motor development (as largely due to habituation. maturation. responsive parenting. imprinting.

''.2he concept of maturation is most relevant to understanding the absence of  A) secure attachments among infants. B) bladder control among -year-olds. C) self-esteem among !indergarten students.

age 

D)

moral behavior among adolescents.

A) B) C) D)

'*.+r. and +rs. Batson can"t (ait to begin toilet training their year-old daughter. 2he Batsons most clearly need to be informed about the importance of  imprinting. habituation. maturation. ob#ect permanence.

A) B) C) D)

'.&ur earliest conscious memories seldom predate our third birthday. 2his best illustrates egocentrism. role confusion. habituation. infantile amnesia.

A) B) C) D)

'.2hree-year-olds (ho eperienced a fire evacuation caused by a burning popcorn ma!er (ere unable to remember the cause of this vivid event (hen they (ere 16-year-olds. 2his  best illustrates habituation. assimilation. infantile amnesia. role confusion.

A) B) C) D)

'4.;our-year-old >aren can"t remember anything of the first fe( months of her life. 2his is  best eplained by the fact that the trauma of birth interferes (ith the early formation of memories. most brain cells do not yet eist at the time of birth. eperiences shortly after birth are a meaningless blur of dar!ness and light. the hippocampus and frontal lobes are immature during early infancy.

A) B) C) D)

'5.&ne study found that ?nglish-spea!ing adults could relearn subtle sound contrasts in the indu or @ulu they had spo!en as children even though they had no ________ the indu or @ulu language they had once spo!en. personal curiosity about conscious memory of   basic trust regarding role confusion associated (ith

*6.Cognition refers to A) an emotional tie lin!ing one person (ith another.

age 4

B) C) D)

the mental activities associated (ith thin!ing, !no(ing, remembering, and communicating. any process that facilitates the physical development of the brain. any process of change that accompanies maturation.

A) B) C) D)

*1.8hich psychologist (as most influential in shaping our understanding of co gnitive development >onrad oren3 :ean iaget igmund ;reud ?ri! ?ri!son

A) B) C) D)

*.iaget (as convinced that the mind of a child is li!e a blan! slate at birth. is not heavily influenced by maturation. develops through a series of stages. is heavily dependent on the child"s personality.

A) B) C) D)

*%.According to iaget, schemas are fied se/uences of cognitive developmental stages. children"s (ays of coming to terms (ith their seuality. people"s conceptual frame(or!s for understanding their eperiences. problem-solving strategies that are typically not developed until the formal operational stage.

A) B) C) D)

*'.$nterpreting ne( eperiences in terms of eisting schemas is called egocentrism. assimilation. imprinting. accommodation.

A) B) C) D)

**.2he first time that '-year-old arah sa( her older brother play a flute, she thought it (as simply a large (histle. arah"s initial understanding of the flute best illustrates the process of  assimilation. conservation. accommodation. maturation.

*.$ncorporating ne( information into eisting theories is to ________ as modifying

age 5

A) B) C) D)

eisting theories in light of ne( information is to ________ . conservation= egocentrism imprinting= maturation sensorimotor stage= preoperational stage assimilation= accommodation

D)

*.According to iaget, accommodation refers to parental efforts to include ne( children in the eisting family structure. incorporating ne( eperiences into eisting schemas. developmental changes in a child"s behavior that facilitate social acceptance by family and peers. ad#usting current schemas in order to ma!e sense of ne( eperiences.

A) B) C) D)

*4.
A) B) C) D)

*5.8hich of the follo(ing represents the correct order of iage t"s stages of cognitive development preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational, sensorimotor  sensorimotor, preoperational, formal operational, concrete operational sensorimotor, preoperational, concrete operational, formal operational preoperational, sensorimotor, concrete operational, formal operational

A) B) C) D)

6.&livia understands her (orld primarily by grasping and suc!ing easily available ob#ects. &livia is clearly in iaget"s ________ stage. preoperational concrete operational sensorimotor   formal operational

A) B) C) D)

1.&b#ect permanence is the understanding that developmental stages occur in a predictable se/uence. biological gro(th processes enable orderly development. things continue to eist even (hen they are not perceived. the mass and volume of ob#ects remain the same despite changes in their form.

A) B) C)

age 16

A) B) C) D)

.During (hich of iaget"s stages does a person develop an a(areness that things continue to eist even (hen they are not perceived sensorimotor   preoperational concrete operational formal operational

A) B) C) D)

%.8hen 2ommy"s mother hides his favorite toy under a blan!e t, he acts as though it no longer eists and ma!es no attempt to retrieve it. 2ommy is clearly near the beginning of iaget"s ________ stage. sensorimotor   formal operational concrete operational preoperational

A) B) C) D)

'.8hen researcher >aren 8ynn sho(ed *-month-old infants a numerically impossible outcome, the infants stared longer at the outcome. displayed rapid imprinting. demonstrated an obvious lac! of ob#ect permanence. sho(ed signs of formal operational reasoning.

A) B) C) D)

*.$nfants accustomed to a puppet #umping three times on stage sho( surprise if the puppet  #umps only t(ice. 2his suggests that iaget overestimated the continuity of cognitive development. underestimated the cognitive capacities of infants. overestimated the impact of culture on infant intelligence. underestimated the impact of ob#ect permanence on infant attachment.

A) B) C) D)

.2he egocentrism of preschoolers (as most strongly emphasi3ed by arlo("s attachment theory. >ohlberg"s moral development theory. iaget"s cognitive development theory. ?ri!son"s psychosocial development theory.

A) B) C) D)

.According to iaget, egocentrism refers to a sensorimotor need for self-stimulation, as evidenced in thumb suc!ing. young children"s eaggerated interest in themselves and their o(n pleasure. the difficulty perceiving things from another person"s point of vie(. a failure to reali3e that things continue to eist even (hen they are not visible.

age 11

A) B) C) D)

4.;our-year-old :ennifer mista!enly believes that her mother (ould li!e to receive a toy doll as a Christmas present. 2his best illustrates iaget"s concept of  accommodation. ob#ect permanence. conservation. egocentrism.

A) B) C) D)

5.$ncorrectly assuming that something that is clearly understood by us (ill also be clearly understood by others illustrates postconventional morality. the curse of !no(ledge. ob#ect permanence. habituation.

A) B) C) D)

6.According to iaget, a child can represent things (ith (ords and images but cann ot reason (ith logic during the ________ stage. concrete operational sensorimotor   formal operational preoperational

A) B) C) D)

1.According to iaget, imagining an action and mentally reversing it (ould be an eample of a pruning process. critical period. mental operation. cross-sectional study.

A) B) C) D)

.$f children cannot grasp the principle of conservation, they are unable to deal (ith the discipline of toilet training. see things from the point of vie( of another person. recogni3e that the /uantity of a substance remains the same despite changes in its shape. retain earlier schemas (hen confronted by ne( eperiences.

%.+rs. earson cut :udy"s hot dog into eight pieces and ylvia"s into si pieces.  ylvia cried  because she felt she (asn"t getting as much hot dog as :udy. iaget (ould say that ylvia doesn"t understand the principle of  A) ob#ect permanence. B) conservation.

age 1

C) D)

egocentrism. accommodation.

A) B) C) D)

'.2hree-year-olds (ere sho(n a model of a room (ith a miniature stuffed dog placed  behind a miniature couch. By using the model to locate an actual stuffed dog behind a couch in a real room, the children demonstrated their capacity for  habituation. symbolic thin!ing. cross-sectional study. concrete operational reasoning.

A) B) C) D)

*.sychologists David remac! and 9uy 8oodruff described chimpan3ees" seeming ability to read intentions as indicative of  imprinting. a theory of mind. ob#ect permanence. a secure attachment.

A) B) C) D)

.reschoolers" ac/uisition of a theory of mind suggests that iaget overestimated young children"s egocentrism. habituation. stranger aniety. sense of ob#ect permanence.

A) B) C) D)

.;ive-year-olds (ho (ere surprised to discover that a Band-Aids bo contained pencils (ere able to anticipate their friend"s false belief about the contents of the bo. 2his best illustrates that the children had developed a secure attachment. conventional morality. theory of mind. concept of conservation.

A) B) C) D)

4.Chloe can clearly sense (hen her sister"s teasing is intended to be friendly fun or a hostile  put-do(n. 2his best illustrates that Chloe has developed a0n) sense of ob#ect permanence. insecure attachment. concept of conservation. theory of mind.

age 1%

A) B) C) D)

5.An impaired theory of mind is most closely associated (ith infantile amnesia. concrete operational thought. role confusion. autism spectrum disorder.

A) B) C) D)

46.Characteristics of autism spectrum disorder include deficient communication and social interaction s!ills, as (ell as a prenatal addiction to alcohol. memory deficits. a lac! of dopamine in relevant brain cells. repetitive behaviors and interests.

A) B) C) D)

41.Children (ith high levels of prenatal testosterone develop more infantile amnesia. stranger aniety. autistic traits. secure attachment.

A) B) C) D)

4.sychologist imon Baron-Cohen has proposed that autism spectrum disorder is indicative of an inborn stranger aniety. fetal alcohol syndrome. infantile amnesia. male systemi3ing tendency.

A) B) C) D)

4%.AD has differing levels of severity. 2hose (ho have normal intelligence but lac! social and communication s!ills are said to have developed a theory of mind. have lo( levels of testosterone. be high functioning. be able to mirror others" actions.

A) B) C) D)

4'.Animations that grafted emotion-conveying faces onto toy trains have been developed to alleviate symptoms of  fetal alcohol syndrome. Al3heimer"s disease. infantile amnesia. autism spectrum disorder.

age 1'

A) B) C) D)

4*.According to iaget, the ability to thin! logically about events first develops during the  ________ stage. sensorimotor   formal operational concrete operational preoperational

A) B) C) D)

4.According to iaget, children come to understand that the volume of a substance remains constant despite changes in its shape during the ________ stage. sensorimotor   preoperational concrete operational formal operational

A) B) C) D)

4.According to iaget, egocentrism is to conservation as the ________ stage is to the  ________ stage. concrete operational= preoperational sensorimotor= preoperational concrete operational= formal operational preoperational= concrete operational

A) B) C) D)

44.According to iaget, a person first comprehends that division is the reverse of multiplication during the ________ stage. preoperational concrete operational formal operational sensorimotor  

A) B) C) D)

45.According to iaget, during the formal operational stage people begin to reason abstractly. adhere to social norms. distinguish bet(een helpful and harmful behaviors. eperience ob#ect permanence.

A) B) C) D)

56.2he Fussian psychologist ev Gygots!y suggested that children"s ability to solve  problems is enhanced by basic trust. inner speech. conservation. imprinting.

age 1*

A) B) C) D)

51.According to Gygots!y, parents (ho say 
A) B) C) D)

5.Gygots!y suggested that ne( (ords provide a temporary ________ from (hich children can step to higher levels of thin!ing preoperational stage neural net(or!   critical period scaffold

A) B) C) D)

5%.iaget emphasi3ed ho( the child"s mind gro(s through interaction (ith the physical environment. Gygots!y emphasi3ed ho( the child"s mind gro(s through imprinting. a pruning process. social mentoring. cross-sectional study.

A) B) C) D)

5'.;our-year-olds are not completely egocentric and *-year-olds can ehibit some understanding of conservation. 2his indicates that iaget may have underestimated the importance of critical periods in early life. role of motivation in cognitive development. continuity of cognitive development. importance of early attachment eperiences.

A) B) C) D)

5*.At about 4 months, children become increasingly li!ely to react to ne(comers (ith tears and distress. 2his best illustrates role confusion. insecure attachment. egocentrism. stranger aniety.

5.ilianne is beginning to develop a fear of strangers and (ill reach for her mother (hen she sees someone (ho is unfamiliar. $t is li!ely that ilianne has also #ust A) mastered the principle of conservation. B) overcome the limitation of egocentrism. C) developed a sense of ob#ect permanence.

age 1

D)

lost her sense of secure attachment.

A) B) C) D)

5.$nfants develop a fear of strangers at about 4 months of age because they can"t assimilate unfamiliar faces into their  schemas. attachments. theory of mind. self-concept.

A) B) C) D)

54.ittle >aren (ill approach and play (ith u nfamiliar animals only if her mother first reassures her that it is safe to do so. 2his best illustrates the adaptive value o f  conservation. attachment. egocentrism. habituation.

A) B) C) D)

55.tudies of mon!eys raised (ith artificial mothers suggest that mother-infant emotional  bonds result primarily from mothers providing infants (ith ade/uate nourishment. body contact. the opportunity to eplore. self-esteem.

166.roviding children (ith a safe haven in times of stress contributes most directly to A) habituation. B) stranger aniety. C) ob#ect permanence. D) secure attachment.

161.A critical period is a phase during (hich A) children fre/uently disobey and resist their parents. B) children become able to thin! hypothetically and reason abstractly. C) parents fre/uently sho( impatience (ith a child"s slo(ness in becoming toilet trained. D) eposure to certain eperiences is needed for proper development.

16.2he process of imprinting involves the formation of a0n) A) attachment. B) identity. C) theory of mind.

age 1

D)

primary se characteristic.

16%.8hich of the follo(ing is an eample of imprinting A) A -year-old poodle approaches a stranger (ho calls it. B) A '-year-old boy imitates aggression he sees on television. C) A duc!ling demonstrates attachment to a bouncing ball. D) A %-year-old girl is simultaneously learning t(o different languages.

16'.Carol is distressed because post-childbirth complications prevented her from being in close physical contact (ith her child during its first fe( hours of life. Carol should be told that A) human infants do not have (ell-defined critical periods for the formation of a mother-infant attachment. B) physical contact (ith her infant immediately after birth (ould not contribute to the development of mother-infant attachment. C) infants should be left physically undisturbed during the first fe( hours of life so they can rest. D) as long as she can breast-feed her baby, no lasting damage (ill be done.

16*.Inli!e duc!lings, children do not imprint. 2heir fondness for certain peop le, ho(ever, is fostered by A) conservation. B) egocentrism. C) mere eposure. D) infantile amnesia.

16.2o assess attachment differences among infants, +ary Ains(orth placed them in a laboratory setting called a A) formal operation stage. B) rite of passage. C) strange situation. D) schema.

16.&ne-year-old ?unice is not overly fearful of strangers but she clearly prefers being held  by her mother than by anyone else. er behavior best illustrates A) accommodation. B) secure attachment. C) conservation. D) egocentrism.

age 14

164.$nstead of happily eploring the attractive toys located in the pediatrician"s (aiting room, little andra tenaciously clings to her mother"s s!irt. andra most clearly sho(s signs of  A) habituation. B) egocentrism. C) insecure attachment. D) accommodation.

165.Aaron cried (hen his mother left him in the infant nursery at church, and he (as not reassured or comforted by her return a short (hile later. Aaron sho(ed signs of  A) egocentrism. B) habituation. C) conservation. D) insecure attachment.

116.$n a pleasant but unfamiliar setting, infants (ith a secure maternal attachment are most li!ely to A) act as though their mothers are of little importance to them. B) use their mothers as a base from (hich to eplore the ne( surroundings. C) cling to their mothers and ignore the ne( surroundings. D) sho( hostility (hen their mothers approach them after a brief absence.

111.ome mothers feed their infants (hen they sho( signs of hunger, (hereas others fail to respond predictably to their infants" demands for food. 2hese different maternal feeding  practices are most li!ely to contribute to differences in infant A) habituation. B) attachment. C) conservation. D) egocentrism.

11.A mother (ho is slo( in responding to her infant"s cries of distress is most li!ely to encourage A) conservation. B) insecure attachment. C) ob#ect permanence. D) egocentrism.

11%.?vidence that easy, relaed infants develop secure attachments more readily than difficult, emotionally intense babies (ould illustrate the importance of  A) egocentrism. B) temperament. C) conservation.

age 15

D)

ob#ect permanence.

11'.
11*.8hich of the follo(ing factors contributes most positively to the development of secure attachment bet(een human infants and their mothers A) conventional morality B) responsive parenting C) stranger aniety D) authoritarian discipline

11.2(o-year-old Anna perceives her parents as cold and re#ecting. 2his is most indicative of  A) habituation. B) egocentrism. C) infantile amnesia. D) insecure attachment.

11.8hen placed in strange situations (ithout their artificial mothers, the arlo(s" infant mon!eys demonstrated signs of  A) insecure attachment. B) egocentrism. C) basic trust. D) curiosity.

114.Children"s sense that their parents are trust(orthy and dependable is most indicative of  A) maturation. B) accommodation. C) secure attachment. D) ob#ect permanence.

115.+arlys is a sensitive, responsive parent (ho consistently satisfies the needs of ara, her infant daughter. According to ?ri!son, ara is li!ely to A) form a lifelong attitude of basic trust to(ard the (orld. B) encounter some difficulty in overcoming the limitation of egocentrism. C) encounter some difficulty in forming an attachment to her father. D) achieve formal operational intelligence more /uic!ly than the average child.

age 6

16.$n a British study follo(ing over 666 peop le from birth to adulthood, those individuals (hose fathers (ere most involved in parenting tended to demonstrate greater  A) role confusion. B) separation aniety. C) empty nest syndrome. D) academic achievement.

11.Already at 1* months of age, :ustin strongly senses that he can rely on his father to comfort and protect him. According to ?ri!son, this most clearly contributes to A) egocentrism. B) conservation. C) ob#ect permanence. D) basic trust.

1.+any researchers believe that adult styles of romantic love correspond (ith childhood  patterns of  A) habituation. B) attachment. C) conservation. D) ob#ect permanence.

1%.Fomanian children raised in orphanages (ith untrained and over(or!ed staff (ere found to have ________ than found in children assigned to /uality foster care settings. A) less egocentrism B) lo(er intelligence scores C) more secure attachments D) greater infantile amnesia

1'.+ost children (ho eperience parental neglect or abuse manage to have socially meaningful and productive lives. 2his best illustrates A) postconventional morality. B) ob#ect permanence. C) conservation. D) resilience.

1*.arlo( observed that most mon!eys raised in total isolation A) (ere totally apathetic and indifferent to the first mon!eys they encountered. B) (ere incapable of mating upon reaching seual maturity. C) sho(ed slo(er social development but more rapid cognitive development.

age 1

D)

sho(ed no lasting adverse effects (hen placed in a socially enriched environment.

1.?dith abuses both her %-year-old and 1-year-old daughters. er behavior is most li!ely related to a lac! of  A) childhood eperience (ith younger brothers and sisters. B) maturation. C) an early and secure attachment to her o(n parents. D) formal operational intelligence.

1.8hen golden hamsters (ere repeatedly threatened and attac!ed (hile young, they suffered long-term changes in A) ob#ect permanence. B) brain chemistry. C) conservation. D) habituation.

14.evere and prolonged child seual abuse places children at ris! for  A) fetal alcohol syndrome. B) menarche. C) imprinting. D) substance abuse.

15.;or several months follo(ing a sudden and unepected divorce, enry (as ecessively  preoccupied (ith thoughts of his e-(ife. is reaction resulted from the disruption of  A) a critical period. B) conservation. C) ob#ect permanence. D) attachment.

1%6.$n considering day-care opportunities for their four children, +r. and +rs. 2aylor should  be most concerned about (hether the eperience (ill influence A) egocentrism in their %-year-old son, :ames. B) ob#ect permanence in their -year-old son, Billy. C) secure attachment in their -month-old daughter, :ulia. D) maturation in their '-year-old daughter, andra.

1%1.An ongoing study of 1166 children in 16 American cities has found that those (ho had spent the most time in day-care facilities had A) slightly advanced thin!ing and language s!ills and an increased rate of aggressiveness.

age 

B) C) D)

slightly inferior thin!ing and language s!ills and a decreased rate of aggressiveness. slightly advanced thin!ing and language s!ills and a decreased rate of aggressiveness. slightly inferior thin!ing and language s!ills and an increased rate of aggressiveness.

1%.&ne study of ' 1J- to -year-old children in 16 American cities found that the children"s rate of aggressiveness (as influenced more by ________ than by the amount of time they spent in day-care programs. A) children"s temperaments B) parents" caregiving sensitivity C) family"s economic and educational levels D) all of these factors

1%%.Kour understanding and a(areness of (ho you are is your  A) temperament. B) egocentrism. C) self-concept. D) theory of mind.

1%'.Fesearchers have used mirror images to assess infants" development of  A) infantile amnesia. B) self-a(areness. C) egocentrism. D) basic trust.

1%*.+rs. Carmichael secretly dabs some lipstic! on the nose of her -year-old son and then allo(s him to see his face in a mirror. 2he child is most li!ely to A) touch his o(n nose. B) touch the mirror at the point (here the lipstic! sho(s. C) (ave at his mirror image as if it (ere another child. D) assimilate the lipstic! mar! into his eisting self-concept.

1%.Compared (ith others their o(n age, children (ho form a positive self-concept are more li!ely to be A) obedient. B) egocentric. C) sociable. D) habituated.

1%.2(o characteristics of authoritarian parents are that they

age %

A) B) C) D)

epect obedience but are responsive to their children"s needs. submit to their children"s desires but are unresponsive in times of need. impose rules and epect obedience. eert control by setting rules and eplaining the reasons for those rules.

1%4.2he +cDougals use harsh discipline on their children and demand un/uestioning obedience. sychologists are li!ely to characteri3e the +cDougals as ________ parents. A) authoritarian B) egocentric C) permissive D) authoritative

1%5.Brad and :ane eercise very little control over their t(o young children, and they usually allo( them to do (hatever they (ant. sychologists (ould characteri3e Brad and :ane as  ________ parents. A) authoritarian B) authoritative C) conventional D) permissive

1'6.arents (ho are demanding and yet sensitively responsive to their children are said to be A) authoritarian. B) conservative. C) permissive. D) authoritative.

1'1.Authoritative parents are li!ely to have children (ho A) are obedient but have lo( self-esteem. B) have high self-esteem and are self-reliant. C) have high self-esteem but are some(hat dependent. D) are rebellious and have lo( self-esteem.

1'.At age 1, ean is happy, self-reliant, and has a positive self-image. $t is most li!ely that ean"s parents are A) permissive. B) conservative. C) authoritarian. D) authoritative.

1'%.Compared (ith authoritarian parents, authoritative parents are li!ely to be

age '

A) B) C) D)

more conservative. less educated. more responsive. less trusting.

1''.$f (armly supportive parents are especially li!ely to have children (ith high self-esteem, this (ould most clearly indicate that A) authoritative parenting is more effective than authoritarian parenting. B) permissive parenting is more effective than authoritative parenting. C) children"s self-esteem stimulates (armly supportive parenting. D) (armly supportive parenting and children"s self-esteem are correlated.

1'*.Adolescence etends from A) the beginning of concrete operations to the end of formal operations. B) 1 to 1* years of age. C) the beginnings of seual maturity to independent adulthood. D) the beginning to the end of the gro(th spurt.

1'.2he development stage of adolescence is li!ely to be most brief in cultures (here teens are A) egocentric. B) seldom married. C) eperiencing role confusion. D) financially self-supporting.

1'.eople eperience rapid physical development and seual maturation during A) late adolescence. B) puberty. C) the preoperational stage. D) late childhood.

1'4.2he body structures that enable reproduction are the A) primary se characteristics. B) secondary se characteristics. C) teratogens. D) frontal lobes.

1'5.8hich of the follo(ing is an eample of a secondary se characteristic A) female ovaries B) male facial hair  

age *

C) D)

the male grip female height

1*6.rimary se characteristics are to ________ as secondary se characteristics are to  ________. A) male testes= adrenal glands B) female ovaries= deepened male voice C) male testes= female ovaries D) adrenal glands= underarm hair  

1*1.uberty is most closely related to the onset of  A) menopause. B) menarche. C) stranger aniety. D) conventional morality.

1*.;emales (ho have eperienced stress related to father absence, seual abuse, or insecure attachment eperience ________ a fe( months earlier than average. A) infantile amnesia B) habituation C) egocentrism D) menarche

1*%.2he first e#aculation is to an adolescent bo y as ________ is to an adolescent girl. A) seual intercourse B) puberty C) menarche D) secure attachment

1*'.Boys (ho mature at an early age tend to be more A) physically uncoordinated. B) seually inhibited. C) popular and self-assured. D) academically successful.

1**.2en-year-old eidi is maturing early and already to(ers over all the girls and most of the  boys in her fifth-grade class. eidi is li!ely to be A) the most popular student in class. B) self-assured and independent. C) challenging her teacher"s authority.

age 

D)

the ob#ect of some teasing.

1*.2he selective loss of unused connections among brain cells is called A) pruning. B) imprinting. C) conservation. D) accommodation.

1*.As teens mature, the gro(th of myelin facilitates A) the development of secondary se characteristics. B) feelings of attraction to(ard those of the opposite 0or the same) se. C) the birth of ne( nerve cells in the hippocampus. D) communication bet(een the frontal lobes and other brain regions.

1*4.During adolescence, maturation of the ________ lags behind maturation of the  ________. A) brainstem= pituitary B) pituitary= brainstem C) limbic system= frontal lobes D) frontal lobes= limbic system

1*5.2he ability to thin! logically about h ypothetical situations is indicative of the ________ stage of development. A) conventional B) preconventional C) preoperational D) formal operational

16.Adolescents" sense of (hat"s fair is most li!ely to change from simple e/uality to e/uity (hen they achieve A) formal operations. B) a secure attachment. C) ob#ect permanence. D) a theory of mind.

11.;ourteen-year-old isa (as as!ed, 8hat (ould happen if ev eryone in the (orld suddenly (ent blindE he responded, 2hose (ho had previously been blind (ould  become leaders.E isa"s ans(er indicates she is in the ________ stage of development. A) concrete operational B) postconventional

age 

C) D)

formal operational preoperational

1.a(rence >ohlberg focused on the development of  A) secure attachments. B) self-a(areness. C) moral reasoning. D) ob#ect permanence.

1%.>ohlberg emphasi3ed that human behavior bec omes less selfish as (e mature due to A) social development. B) physical development. C) cognitive development. D) economic development.

1'.According to >ohlberg, morality based on the avoidance of punishment and the attainment of concrete re(ards represents ________ morality. A) conventional B) preconventional C) concrete operational D) postconventional

1*.Fegis thin!s it"s (rong to drive over the speed limit simply because he might get  punished for doing so. e is demonstrating >ohlberg"s ________ stage of morality. A) conventional B) postconventional C) preconventional D) preoperational

1.:uanita suffers from a painful bac! condition. mo!ing mari#uana (ould reduce her pain,  but she thin!s it (ould be (rong because it is prohibited by the la(s of her state. :uanita is demonstrating >ohlberg"s ________ level of morality. A) conventional B) unconventional C) preconventional D) postconventional

1.According to >ohlberg, postconventional morality involves A) behavior based on self-interest. B) affirmation of self-defined ethical principles.

age 4

C) D)

strong concern for social approval. un/uestioning obedience to authority figures.

14.+r. ambers refuses to pay income taes because his conscience (ill not allo( him to support a government that spends billions of dollars on military (eapons. +r. ambers" reasoning best illustrates >ohlberg"s ________ stage. A) postconventional B) concrete operational C) preconventional D) conventional

15.Avoiding physical punishment is to ________ morality as respecting the la(s of society is to ________ morality. A) conventional= postconventional B) preconventional= postconventional C) conventional= preconventional D) preconventional= conventional

16.Critics have noted that >ohlberg"s ________ level o f moral reasoning is culturally limited, appearing mostly among people (ho pri3e individualism. A) preconventional B) postconventional C) concrete operational D) conventional

11.aidt"s intuitionist perspective highlights the impact of automatic gut-level feelings on A) attachment. B) egocentrism. C) moral #udgments. D) stranger aniety.

1.sychologist :onathan aidt has described our moral intuitions as A) formal operations. B) secure attachments. C) /uic! gut feelings. D) postconventional #udgments.

1%.aboratory games reveal that people"s desire to punish (rongdoings is driven mostly by automatic emotional reactions rather than by deliberate conscious calculations that  punishment (ill deter crime. 2his most clearly supports the ________ perspective on

age 5

A) B) C) D)

morality. epigenetic intuitionist postconventional concrete operational

1'.+any people (ould find it more morally repulsive to !ill someone by thrusting a !nife into his or her body than by shooting him or her (ith a gun from a distance. 2his is best eplained in terms of  A) ?ri!son"s psychosocial perspective. B) arlo("s attachment perspective. C) aidt"s intuitionist perspective. D) >ohlberg"s moral development perspective.

1*.2he corrupt behavior of many ordinary people (ho served as
1.earning to delay gratification promotes A) maturation. B) imprinting. C) moral action. D) permissive parenting.

1.According to ?ri!son, trust is to infancy as identity is to A) infancy. B) childhood. C) adulthood. D) adolescence.

14.According to ?ri!son, achieving a sense of identity is the special tas! of the A) toddler. B) preschooler. C) elementary schoolchild. D) adolescent.

15.?ri!son (ould have suggested that adolescents can most effectively develop a sense of

age %6

A) B) C) D)

identity by see!ing a lifelong romantic relationship. severing the emotional ties bet(een themselves and their childhood friends. investigating the personal suitability of various occupational and social roles. adopting (hatever values and epectations their parents recommend.

146.iteen-year-old Brenda /uestions her parents" values but does not fully accept her friends" standards either. er confusion about (hat she really (ants and values in life suggests that Brenda is struggling (ith the problem of  A) autonomy. B) identity. C) initiative. D) integrity.

141.According to ?ri!son, teens (ho suffer role confusion have not yet A) eperienced a sense of basic trust. B) achieved a sense of autonomy. C) strived for a sense of competence. D) solidified a sense of identity.

14.An a(areness of your distinctive status as an international student in a university far from your homeland best illustrates a sense of  A) stranger aniety. B) postconventional morality. C) social identity. D) insecure attachment.

14%.2he (eE aspect of our self-concept that comes from our group membership is our  A) theory of mind. B) basic trust. C) social identity. D) egocentrism.

14'.Compared (ith their counterparts in more collectivist countries, 1-year-olds in
age %1

14*.Branden is so apathetic about his occupational future that (ithin t(o years of his high school graduation he had already been fired by four different employers. According to ?ri!son, Branden best illustrates A) the curse of !no(ledge. B) preconventional morality. C) role confusion. D) egocentrism.

14.8hich of the follo(ing best describes adolescent self-esteem A) $t rises through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years. B) $t falls through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years. C) $t rises through the early teen years and rises during the late teen years. D) $t falls through the early teen years and falls during the late teen years.

14.?ri!son suggested that the adolescent search for identity is follo(ed by a developing capacity for  A) competence. B) intimacy. C) autonomy. D) trust.

144.Fesearch indicates that the high school g irls (ho have the most affectionate relationships (ith their mothers also tend to A) have the most intimate relationships (ith girlfriends. B) have some(hat less intimate relationships (ith girlfriends. C) ta!e longer than normal to establish their o(n independence and separate identity. D) have difficulty forming intimate relationships (ith boys.

145.Adolescence is typically a time of  A) diminishing parental influence and diminishing peer influence. B) gro(ing parental influence and gro(ing peer influence. C) diminishing parental influence and gro(ing peer influence. D) gro(ing parental influence and diminishing peer influence.

156.$n teen calls to hotline counseling services, the most discussed topic is A) parent-child conflict. B) peer relationships. C) secondary se characteristics. D) moral intuition.

age %

151.ersistent eclusion from peer social relationships is most li!ely to increase teens" ris! for  A) imprinting. B) egocentrism. C) depression. D) habituation.

15.Adolescents are most li!ely to be influenced b y their parents (ith respect to ________, and they are most li!ely to be influenced by their peers (ith respect to ________. A) language accents= college choices B) dating practices= religious faith C) bedtime preferences= political vie(s D) career choices= clothing preferences

15%.A rite of passage is most similar to a0n) A) critical period. B) preoperational stage. C) initiation ceremony. D) pruning process.

15'.8hich of the follo(ing is true of adolescence in contemporary industriali3ed societies, as compared (ith previous centuries A) $t begins earlier in life and ends earlier in life. B) $t begins later in life and ends earlier in life. C) $t begins earlier in life and ends later in life. D) $t begins later in life and ends later in life.

15*.2oday"s earlier female seual maturation is especially li!ely among A) under(eight girls in father-absent homes. B) over(eight girls in father-absent homes. C) under(eight girls in father-present homes. D) over(eight girls in father-present homes.

15.A developmental stage bet(een adolescent dependence and responsible adulthood is called A) puberty. B) maturation. C) emerging adulthood. D) postconventional morality.

15.hysical abilities such as muscular strength, reaction time, sensory !eenness, and cardiac

age %%

A) B) C) D)

output reach their pea! during late childhood. early adulthood. puberty. middle adulthood.

154.As men advance through middle adulthood they eperience a gradual decline in A) testosterone level. B) sperm count. C) e#aculation speed. D) all of these things.

155.+enopause refers to A) the cessation of menstruation. B) the loss of male seual potency. C) irregular timing of menstrual periods. D) the loss of seual interest in late adulthood.

66.African infants have had a greater chance of survival if they have a living maternal grandmother (ho is (ithout young children of her o(n. 2his fact has been used to support an evolutionary eplanation of  A) conservation. B) habituation. C) stranger aniety. D) menopause.

61.Bet(een the middle of the last century and the early years of the current century A) human birthrates have increased and life epectancy at birth has increased. B) human birthrates have decreased and life epectancy at birth has decreased. C) human birthrates have increased and life epectancy at birth has decreased. D) human birthrates have decreased and life epectancy at birth has increased.

6.2he ratio of males to females first begins declining during A) prenatal development. B) childhood. C) adolescence. D) adulthood.

6%.Aging cells may die (ithout being replaced due to the shortening of  A) critical periods.

age %'

B) C) D)

teratogens. schemas. telomeres.

6'.$n one 1*-year period, more Americans died on the t(o days after Christmas than on the t(o days before Christmas. $t has been suggested that this illustrates A) a death-deferral phenomenon. B) a critical period. C) terminal decline. D) habituation.

6*.e(is is a 6-year-old retired college professor. $n contrast to (hen he (as %6, he no(  probably A) does not hear as (ell. B) is more susceptible to catching the flu. C) has significantly fe(er neural connections. D) has all of these problems.

6.&lder people are <&2 increasingly susceptible to A) pneumonia. B) terminal decline. C) common cold viruses. D) neurocognitive disorder.

6.+ost 6-year-olds outperform most 6-year-olds on video games due to age-related differences in A) role confusion. B) ob#ect permanence. C) infantile amnesia. D) information-processing speed.

64.Fesearch on older people has sho(n that A) they gro( increasingly fearful of death. B) they become increasingly prone to car accidents. C) they eperience less life satisfaction than younger adults. D) all of these statements are true.

65.Aerobic eercise programs during late adulthood stimulate improvement in A) ob#ect permanence. B) basic trust.

age %*

C) D)

menarche. memory.

16.hysical eercise in later life promotes ________ in the hippocampus. A) a reduction of myelin B) the shortening of telomeres C) the process of neurogenesis D) reduced mirror neuron activity

11.
1.During the last fe( years, *-year-old +rs. Kamaguchi has gradually become so mentally disoriented that she can"t find her (ay around her o(n house and often fails to recogni3e her husband. $t is most li!ely that +rs. Kamaguchi is suffering the effects of  A) autism spectrum disorder. B) menopause. C) habituation. D) Al3heimer"s disease.

1%.Al3heimer"s disease involves a deterioration of neurons that produce A) dopamine. B) telomeres. C) acetylcholine. D) serotonin.

1'.A diminishing sense of smell is associated (ith the pathology that foretells A) ;A. B) pneumonia. C) Al3heimer"s disease. D) autism spectrum disorder.

1*.Fesearchers have detected unusually diffuse brain activity (hile people at ris! for  ________ are trying to memori3e (ords. A) autism spectrum disorder   B) fetal alcohol syndrome C) Al3heimer"s disease

age %

D)

infantile amnesia

1.8hen as!ed to recall the one or t(o most important events over the last h alf century, older adults tend to name events that occurred (hen they (ere bet(een ________ years of age. A)  and * B) * and 16 C) 16 and %6 D) %6 and *6

1.8hen adults of varying ages (ere tested for their memory of a recently learned list of ' (ords, the older adults demonstrated A) no decline in either recall or recognition. B) a decline in recognition but not in recall. C) a decline in recall but not in recognition. D) a decline in both recognition and recall.

14.&n (hich of the follo(ing tas!s is a  6-year-old most li!ely to outperform a 6-year-old A) recalling previously presented nonsense syllables B) recogni3ing previously presented foreign language (ords C) recalling previously presented names of cities D) recogni3ing previously presented names of fruits and vegetables

15.Femembering to ta!e your prescribed medications at a specific time of day best illustrates A) the social cloc!. B) a critical period. C) prospective memory. D) a death-deferral phenomenon.

6.A cross-sectional study is one in (hich A) the same people are retested over a period of years. B) different age groups are tested at the same time. C) different characteristics of a given individual are assessed at the same time. D) the behavior of a group is assessed by different researchers.

1.Fesearchers studied the effects on eercise on the ph ysical health of over *666 residents in one locale throughout their middle and late adulthood. 2he research best illustrates a  ________ study. A) formal operational

age %

B) C) D)

cross-sectional concrete operational longitudinal

.2he same people are retested over a long period in a ________ study. A) concrete operational B) longitudinal C) postconventional D) cross-sectional

%.rofessor >uilema compared the moral intuitions of one group of children, a second group of adolescents, and a third group of adults by assessing their reactions to a variety of moral dilemmas. rofessor >uilema conducted a ________ study. A) longitudinal B) postconventional C) cross-sectional D) concrete operational

'.2he terminal decline phenomenon involves a decrease in mental ability that accompanies the approach of  A) menopause. B) retirement. C) death. D) any critical period.

*.Fesearchers have discovered that the midlife transition bet(een early and middle adulthood is characteri3ed by unusually high levels of  A) #ob dissatisfaction and career change. B) marital dissatisfaction and divorce. C) aniety and emotional instability. D) none of these feelings or events.

.eople have been most li!ely to describe themselves as a sand(ich generationE during their  A) adolescence. B) early adulthood. C) middle adulthood. D) late adulthood.

.2he age at (hich people are epected to leave home, get a #ob, and marry has changed

age %4

A) B) C) D)

dramatically in 8allonia over the past *6 years. Developmentalists (ould say that the country"s ________ has been altered. social cloc!   developmental norm maturation cycle family calendar  

4.rofessor ar!er suggested that heteroseual adults are genetically predisposed to form monogamous bonds because this practice facilitated the cooperative nurture and survival of children. 2he professor"s suggestion best illustrates a0n) ________ perspective. A) authoritarian B) postconventional C) psychosocial D) evolutionary

5.+arie feels socially useful in her career as a financial investment advisor. ?ri! ?ri!son (ould have suggested that +arie eperiences a sense of  A) secure attachment. B) conventional morality. C) generativity. D) conservation.

%6.Compared (ith their counterparts of '6 years ago, American men today are marrying A) at a younger age and American (omen are marrying at an older age. B) at an older age and American (omen are marrying at a younger age. C) at an older age and American (omen are marrying at an older age. D) at a younger age and American (omen are marrying at a younger age.

%1.After living together for a year, ylvia and Kefim have decided to marry. Fesearch on  premarital cohabitation most strongly suggests that A) they have more positive attitudes to(ard the institution of marriage than the average couple. B) their marriage (ill have a higher-than-average probability of being successful. C) most of their college friends and ac/uaintances have vie(ed their cohabitation negatively. D) their marriage (ill have a higher-than-average probability of ending in divorce.

%.2he best predictor of a couple"s marital satisfaction is the A) fre/uency of their seual intimacy. B) intensity of their passionate feelings. C) ratio of their positive to negative interactions (ith each other.

age %5

D)

eperience or noneperience of a prior marriage.

%%.Among employed (omen, the tas! of raising children is especially li!ely to be associated (ith ________ marital satisfaction. 2he departure of mature children from the ho me is typically associated (ith ________ marital satisfaction. A) increasing= decreasing B) decreasing= increasing C) increasing= further increasing D) decreasing= further decreasing

%'.8hen children gro( up and leave home, mothers most fre/uently report feeling A) depressed. B) bored. C) happy. D) anious.

%*.eople typically eperience an increasing sense of confidence and self-esteem A) from the early to mid-teen years. B) from the mid-teen years to midlife. C) from middle adulthood through the very final (ee!s prior to death. D) during all of these periods.

%.2here is very little relationship bet(een the age of an adult and his or her  A) ris! of neurocognitive disorder. B) ability to recall meaningless information. C) level of life satisfaction. D) susceptibility to accidental physical in#ury.

%.As people progress into late adulthood, the y increasingly use (ords that convey  ________ emotions, and the amygdala sho(s diminishing activity in response to  ________ events. A) negative= negative B) positive= positive C) negative= positive D) positive= negative

%4.Compared (ith middle-aged adults, older adults eperience A) positive emotions (ith less intensity and negative emotions (ith more intensity. B) positive emotions (ith more intensity and negative emotions (ith less intensity. C) positive emotions (ith less intensity and negative emotions (ith less intensity.

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D)

positive emotions (ith more intensity and negative emotions (ith more intensity.

%5.Compared (ith (hen she (as an adolescent, elderly +rs. ac!er is li!ely to eperience a sad mood (ith A) less intensity and for a longer time. B) more intensity and for a shorter time. C) less intensity and for a shorter time. D) more intensity and for a longer time.

'6.An integrated understanding of successful aging in terms of appropriate nutrition, family support, and an optimistic outloo! is most clearly provided by A) a cross-sectional study. B) an intuitionist perspective. C) a biopsychosocial approach. D) iaget"s cognitive development theory.

'1.During the time follo(ing the death of a loved one A) those (ho epress the strongest grief immediately do not purge their grief more /uic!ly. B) those (ho tal! fre/uently (ith others are unusually li!ely to prolong their o(n feelings of depression. C) grieving men are at less ris! for ill health than are grieving (omen. D) both men and (omen go through predictable stages of denial follo(ed by anger.

'.&lder adults (ho feel satisfied (hen reflecting on their lives demonstrate (hat ?ri!son called a sense of  A) attachment. B) maturity. C) integrity. D) resilience.

'%.According to ?ri!son, adolescence is to identity as late adulthood is to A) integrity. B) autonomy. C) generativity. D) intimacy.

''.Abner, a 6-year-old retired teacher, feels that his life has not been of any real value or significance. According to ?ri!son, Abner has failed to achieve a sense of  A) basic trust.

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B) C) D)

intimacy. autonomy. integrity.

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Answer Key 1.D .B %.B '.C *.C .B .A 4.A 5.B 16.B 11.C 1.A 1%.C 1'.C 1*.C 1.A 1.B 14.C 15.B 6.D 1.A .D %.D '.D *.D .B .C 4.C 5.C %6.D %1.B %.C %%.B %'.D %*.B %.C %.B %4.B %5.A '6.C '1.D '.C '%.B ''.B

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'*.C '.D '.C '4.D '5.B *6.B *1.B *.C *%.C *'.B **.A *.D *.D *4.C *5.C 6.C 1.C .A %.A '.A *.B .C .C 4.D 5.B 6.D 1.C .C %.B '.B *.B .A .C 4.D 5.D 46.D 41.C 4.D 4%.C 4'.D 4*.C 4.C 4.D 44.B 45.A 56.B

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51.B 5.D 5%.C 5'.C 5*.D 5.C 5.A 54.B 55.B 166.D 161.D 16.A 16%.C 16'.A 16*.C 16.C 16.B 164.C 165.D 116.B 111.B 11.B 11%.B 11'.D 11*.B 11.D 11.A 114.C 115.A 16.D 11.D 1.B 1%.B 1'.A 1*.B 1.C 1.B 14.D 15.D 1%6.C 1%1.A 1%.D 1%%.C 1%'.B 1%*.A 1%.C

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1%.C 1%4.A 1%5.D 1'6.D 1'1.B 1'.D 1'%.C 1''.D 1'*.C 1'.D 1'.B 1'4.A 1'5.B 1*6.B 1*1.B 1*.D 1*%.C 1*'.C 1**.D 1*.A 1*.D 1*4.D 1*5.D 16.A 11.C 1.C 1%.C 1'.B 1*.C 1.A 1.B 14.A 15.D 16.A 11.C 1.C 1%.B 1'.C 1*.A 1.C 1.D 14.D 15.C 146.B 141.D 14.C

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14%.C 14'.C 14*.C 14.B 14.B 144.A 145.C 156.B 151.C 15.D 15%.C 15'.C 15*.B 15.C 15.B 154.D 155.A 66.D 61.D 6.A 6%.D 6'.A 6*.A 6.C 6.D 64.B 65.D 16.C 11.C 1.D 1%.C 1'.C 1*.C 1.C 1.C 14.A 15.C 6.B 1.D .B %.C '.C *.D .C .A 4.D

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