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Edge Settlement of Storage Tank Bottoms API Standard 653 Appendix B Presented by: Steven L. Braune, PE Tank Industry Consultants
API-653, First Edition
The allowable edge settlement limit
B = 0.37R
Very conservative Based on several published articles A recommendation only
R
B R
B
B = 0.37R
Early Experience
Observed edge settlement typically exceeded API recommendations API-653 permitted a more detailed evaluation Many oil companies developed methods
Early In-House Practice (Experience-Based) B = 2.0(R) B = 1.6(R)
B
B = 0.37(R)
R
Another Approach (Elastic-Plastic Beam Model) B = 0.45(R2)
B
B = 0.37(R)
R
Tank Settlement Revision Task Group… mid-1990s
Initial recommendations revised Several API-member companies shared in-house practices Current recommendations are about 2 to 4 times greater than original limit
Finite Element Models
Two oil companies had extensive experience using FEA for edge settlement evaluations Analysis procedures and evaluation criteria differed… similar in principle Formed basis for API Task Group work
Appendix B Revisions Settlement Curves
Settlement curves varied by diameter
Accepts two inches of settlement
Additional NDE required for edge settlements > 75% of allowable Limits based on fillet weld strength
Bew – Maximum Allowable Settlement (inches)
Figure B-10 for Bew
R – Radius of Settled Area (feet) Figure B-10… Lap Welds Approximately Parallel to Shell
Be – Maximum Allowable Settlement (inches)
Figure B-11 for Be
R – Radius of Settled Area (feet) Figure B-11… Lap Welds Approx. Perpendicular to Shell
Figure B-10 for Bew
120 ft Diameter Tank
Bew=3.8 in.
R = 3 feet
Figure B-11 for Be 120 ft Diameter Tank
Be=4.7 in.
R = 3 feet
Bottom Weld Orientation
Edge settlement, B limited to…
B = Be − (Be − Bew)sinα
Bew= Allowable for weld parallel to shell Be= Allowable for weld perpendicular to shell Weld angle relative to radial line
A Rigorous Stress Analysis
If actual settlements exceed recommended limits… Repair the tank Perform a rigorous stress analysis
A Recent Result…
A rigorous stress analysis was performed on a tank with edge settlements of near 90% of limit Client wanted to know if tank should be repaired now or could they monitor settlement for a few more years
Finite Element Analysis Results Current Settlement Profile
Tank Shell
90% of API limit Projected Settlement Profiles
150% of API limit
QUESTIONS? Steven L. Braune, PE Tank Industry Consultants www.TankIndustry.com 804.897-7176
