A Conversation on
!"#$%&' #) *+&, #$&*+&)& .$/01&2) )+#$& )/2& 3&, 4*5$&)6 + %) 58%95&- '%44%751* */ '&4%8&- #8' /4*&8 1%83&' 1% 83&' */ /*+&$ %))5&):;
Wicked Wick ed Problems
Some of the World’s Wicked Problems <$2&' =/841%7* >.$' /4 ?84&7*%/5) @%))& A$/B%8C D/.51#*%/8
And your org organizations anizations are not spared….
The Generic Way we Solve Problems
Isn’t that how KARMA happens
Traditional Thinking
vs.. vs
System Thinking
Isolate interactions to analyze
Integrate interactions to analyze
Linear, cause and effect
Circular, cause, response, feedback
What is a System?
A collection of people and/or parts that is coherently organized and interconnected in a structure that produces a distinct behavior, “function” or “purpose.”
What is System Thinking? !"#$%&%&' )*+ !" $%"&'" ()% (!* +%(,-"./ ,--%&' .),01 +0$')%" /-0*'&%1%&' .)#. /'%)$')%" 0*2-)"*$"/ +"%2(%.&*$"
Systems Views and OD 2*034 *& 345675389 :; :4<=65>=?5:65 :4<=65>=?5:6 5 6#7.%038#789 %&.-7:-6-&:-&. 7-8#.%*&4)%64 ;-#8 +%.) @9?=58 7:A389B5?C #&: 7:A389B5?C #&: @C6=A57 7:A389B5?C <%43#8%1- 34:79DD9D <%43#8%1- 34:79DD9D :; 7E=6<9 7#.)-7 7E=6<9 7#.)-7 .)#& 4@)*.4
!"# %&'() *+#, Environment, Boundary, Systems, Subsystems, Inputs, Outputs
!"# 2##7 *+#,: Remember our Iceberg Model? !+-# .' /(00 ."# 12 3&'4#55+'6(05
3'.#6.+(05 4'& 2##7 8#(&6+69
Components Compo nents of of a System System
F1&2&8*)
?8*&$M 7/88&7*%/8)
N587*%/8
A System’s Journey
G+& >B&&* >&8)#*%/8) G+& 4/11/B%8C %) 4%7*%/8: <8, $&)&201#87& */ #8, 1'%8C 4//' *$573 4$#87+%)& 7/2.#8, %) .5$&1, 7/%87%'&8*#1:
The Start Up Firm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
T: J+#* #$& *+& F1&2&8*)W MX520&$ /4 8&B &2.1/,&&) MX520&$ /4 1/7#*%/8) MX520&$ /4 75)*/2&$) 75)*/2&$) M>#1&)
!''0 ;: %#"(<+'& 1<#& !+-# =%1!> ?&(7"5 I//3 4/$ .#**&$8) /4 7+#8C& /E&$ *%2& $#*+&$ *+#8 /8 %)/1#*&' &E&8*)- 1'%8C */ $%7+ '%)75))%/8) /8 +/B #8' B+, )/2&*+%8C %) 7+#8C%8C
YZ
Y: S&+#E%/5$ [E&$ G%2&
*9F /?=;; *GAH94 :; I96G9D *GAH94 :; 7GD?:A94D /=89D
'5A9
Guidelines for Drawing CLD Causal Loop Diagrams: “Limits to Growth” a Reinforcing loop
a Balancing loop
2. Polarity
+
births
+
–
population
deaths
+
–
Time delay
3. Delay Resources
!''0 @: A(B5(0 8''7 2+(9&(-5 J%*+ %*) 4%$)* E&85& )577&))- >> 2#8#C&$) '$&' #0/5* *+&%$ 45*5$&: G+&, 38&B *+&, B&$& /8 # !+/* %': G+&, 38&B *+#*- #) *+&, /.&8&' 8&B E&85&) O
> 7#8 *+&8 &\.#8':
AVF
<) *+& E&85&) O/2&*%2&)- *+& 8&B&$ )*#44 C/* 4$5)*$#*&' #8' 7#2& 1#*&- 1&4* $1,- /$ *//3 # '#,M/44 B%*+/5* 8/*%4,%8C *+&%$ 2#8#C&$): ?8 #''%*%/8- /77#)%/8#1 .$/01&2) B%*+ 1#*& /$ %87/2.1&*& /$'&$) #8' B%*+ 2&)), )&$E%8C #8' *%8C #$) *5$8&' /44 )/2& 75)*/2&$): >/2& /4 *+/)& 75)*/2&$) 7/2.1#%8&' */ *+&%$ 4$%&8')- )/ >> )*/..&' #**$#7*%8C 8&B 75)*/2&$) #) %* '%' 0&4/$&: 0 &4/$&:
>,)*&2)6 L&, D/%8*) < ),)*&2 %) 2/$& *+#8 *+& )52 /4 %*) .#$*): K#8, %8*&$7/88&7*%/8) %8 ),)*&2) /.&$#*& *+$/5C+ %84/$2#*%/8 41/B): G+& 1)* /0E%/5) .#$* /4 *+& ),)*&2- %*) 4587*%/8 /$ .5$./)&- %) /4*&8 *+& 2/)* 7$57%#1 '&*&$2%8#8* /4 *+& ),)*&2R) 0&+#E%/$: >,)*&2 )*$57*5$& %) *+& )/5$7& /4 ),)*&2 0&+#E%/$: 0&+#E%/$: >,)*&2 0&+#E%/$ $&E) %*)&14 #) # )&$%&) /4 &E&8*) &E&8*) /E&$ *%2&:
Systems Thinking Tools for OD Professionals J& #$& 1%2%*&' %8 /5$ 7#.#7%*, */ 4/$2 #8' $&4/$2 2&8*#1 2/'&1): >,)*&2) 2/'&1%8C #11/B) 5) */ 2/E& 4$/2 !B+#*; */ !B+#* %4; #8' 2#3& /5$ *+%83%8C E%)%01&
CLD of Motiva Motivation tion in Organiza Organizations tions
Modelling Terror
CD5.#-5 !"+6E+69 (6) 12 G/'#,R) .$/01&2) 7/2& 4$/2 ,&)*&$'#,R) !)/15*%/8): !)/15*% /8):;; G+& +#$'&$ ,/5 .5)+- *+& +#$'&$ *+& ),)*&2 .5)+&) 0#73: S&+#E%/$ C$/B) 0&**&$ 0&4/$& %* C$/B) B/$)&:
=#5)& #8' &44&7* #$& 8/* 71/)&1, $&1#*&' %8 *%2& #8' ).#7&: >2#11 7+#8C&) 7#8 .$/'57& 0%C $&)51*)_05* *+& #$) /4 +%C+&)* 1&E&$#C& #$& /4*&8 *+& 1)* /0E%/5):
G+& ), B#, /5* 5)5#11, 1') 0#73 %8:
`/5 7#8 +#E& ,/5$ 7#3& #8' * %* *//_05* 8/* #11 #* /87&:
G+& 75$& 7#8 0& B/$)& *+#8 *+& '%))&:
@%E%'%8C #8 &1&.+#8* %8 +#14 '/&) 8/* .$/'57& *B/ )2#11 &1&.+#8*):
N#)*&$ %) )1/B&$: )1/B&$: G+&$& %) 8/ 01#2&:
CD5.#-5 !"+6E+69 (6) 12 @ !
G+& )*$57*5$& /4 # ),)*&2 ),)*&2 '&*&$2%8&) %*) 0&+#E%/5$ ! ?8
# ),)*&2 B%*+ 8/ 7#5)#1 7+#%8) O8/ 4&&'0#73P *+& /5*.5* %) '&*&$2%8&' O#8' 5)5#11, .$/./$*%/8#1 .$/./$*%/8#1 */P *+& %8.5*):
! ?8
# ),)*&2 B%*+ 4&&'0#73 1//.) *+& /5*.5* %) '&*&$2%8&' 0, *+& O',8#2%7P )*$57*5$&: )*$57*5$&:
!
K/)* ),)*&2) +#E& 251*%.1& #%2): !
=+#8C%8C #8, /4 *+&)& #%2) #%2) B%11 7+#8C& *+& ),)*&2: ! [.*%2%Q#*%/8 /4 ),)*&2) 7#88/* 0& #7+%&E&' 0, 2#\%2%Q%8C .&$4/$2#87& /4 *+& .#$*) %8 %)/1#*%/8: ! >/2& 7/2./8&8*) 2#, 8&&' */ 0& )50/$'%8#*&' 4/$ *+& 0&8&4%* /4 *+& B+/1&: ! <7+%&E%8C *+%) B%11 $&95%$& *$5)* #8' 7//.&$#*%/86 # B%11%8C8&)) */ a)&& *+& 0%CC&$ .%7*5$&
=3'34.%&->4 2%?.) @#+ =3'34.%&->4 A&-B.-&.) *? .)- 6#7.%0%6#&.4 67*:30- *C-7 *&-B.)%7: *? .)*3.63.D E&07-#4%&' .)- &3$F-7 &3$F-7 *? 6#7.%0%6#&.4 $-7-89 7-:30-4 .)- #C-7#'- *3.63.D
Brooks’ Law Adding people to a late project makes it later
The Use of Systems Thinking in OD Consulting
Modeling Organization Systems !F55#6.+(00DG (00
-')#05 ( ,&'69G HB. 5'-# ( B5#4B0:;
MMA&/$C& S/\ OF2&$%*5) D$/4&))/$ /4 >*#*%)*%7)>*#*%)*%7)- b8%E&$)%*, /4 J%)7/8)%8M K#'%)/8P
I/"+#<+69 2##7 12 8#(&6+69 < >54% *+&$ 7#8 )522#$%Q& >,)*&2) >,)*&2) G+%83%8C 6
J'B ."+6E ."(. H#/(B5# D'B B6)#&5.(6) K'6#L ."(. D'B -B5. ."#' B6)#&5.(6) K.,'L H#/(B5# '6# (6) '6# -(E# .,'M %B. D'B 4'&9#. ."(. D'B -B5. (05' B6)#&5.(6) K(6)LM >,)*&2) >,)*&2) G+%83%8C %) &))&8*%#11, *+& )7%&87& /4 !IN2;: N/$ &E&$, 7+#8C&- B+%7+ 2#, 0& #8 #7*%/8 /$ # $&)51* )%2.1, #)36
O"(. ,+00 ."+5 /"(69# +640B#6/#G (6) O"(. ,+00 +640B#6/# ."+5 /"(69# <8' #4*&$ ,/5 #8)B&$ *+& 95&)*%/8- #)3 %* #C#%8 #8' #C#%8 #8' #C#%8:
2#<#0'7+69 ."# CD5.#-5 !"+6E+69 P(H+.5
2#<#0'7+69 ."# CD5.#-5 !"+6E+69 CE+005
Systems Thinking Tools Tools for OD Professionals
D O r o f s s e l p a n y t o e i s h s c r e f A o r s P m e t s y S
CD5.#-5 CD5 .#-5 !"+6E+69 +6 12 A'65B0.+69: !"# 2+(96'5+5
CD5.#-5 CD5. #-5 !"+6E+69 +6 12 A'65B0.+69: !"# Q-70#-#6.(.+'6
Interested? Inter ested? Get Started L 3(&.6#&: >,)*&2) G+%83%8C %) +#$' */ 2#)*&$ #1/8& L R#(): !"#$%#$& #$ ()*+,-* 0, @/8&11# K'/B)
L Q)#6.+4D6 <$*%751#*& *+& ),)*&2) ),)*&2) %8 ,/5$ 75$$%75152 L A(.#6 @$#B # )%2.1& )*/73M41/BM1//. '%#C$#2 ),)*&2) L C+-B0(.#6 F\.1/$& # ),)*&2) 2/'&1 5)%8C *+& ./0#+* 12 ()*+,-* !"#$%,3*
A Conversation on systems thinking & OD !"#'&D %) B+&8 ,/5 38/B &E&$,*+%8C- 05* 8/*+%8C B/$3): 3&(/.+/# %) B+&8 &E&$,*+%8C B/$3)- 05* 8/ /8& 38/B) B+,: G+%) %) B+&$& *+&/$, #8' .$#7*%7& 7/2& */C&*+&$::: X/*+%8C B/$3) #8' 8/ /8& 38/B) B+,: M /8 *+& '//$ /4 # 1#0/$#*/$, 1 #0/$#*/$, #* K?G
"@G=4@ JK $=698=L ,/""L .,&L +EM N(M /CD?9AD MC6=A57DO '98P QRST USVWRWX Y $988P QRS UWZ XXU WTWS Y 9[.=58P 9@K7=698=\